SUPORT CURS Engleza Receptioneri

Disciplina Limba Engleza SUPORT DE CURS

Cursul de calificare Tehnician in hotelarie

FORMATOR

Oana Adriana Gorgon

2012

CUR!"# !$ %OTEL FAC!L!T!E# A"D #ER&!CE#$ 1$ %o'el %o'el T(pes) T(pes) %o'el %o'el Facili' Facili'ies ies and #er*i #er*ices ces$$ 2$ Room Room T(pes) T(pes) +eddi +edding ng T(pes T(pes and and Room Room Ra'es$ Ra'es$ ,$ Meals$ -$ %ome.o %ome.or/ r/ &ocab &ocablar( lar( and and Transla' Transla'ions ions

!!$ %OTEL DEARTME"T#$ 1$ Rooms Di*ision Di*ision +asic +asic depar'men depar'men's 's in a 3ll ser*ice 4o'el Fron' O33ice Reser*a'ions Fron' Des/ Regis'ra'ionC4ec/ing in %anding ges' complains Upda'ing and c4ec/ing ges' accon's C4ec/ing o'

!!!$ LETTER OF COMLA!"T Goods #er*ices "ormal !&$ +A#!C 5"O6LEGGE &$

A++RE&!AT!O"

&!$ #!TUAT!O"AL E7ERC!#E# &!!$ GRAMMAR

2

&!!!$+!+L!OGRA%8 I$ %OTEL FAC!L!T!E# A"D #ER&!CE# 1$%o'el T(pes) %o'el Facili'ies and #er*ices$ %o'el '(pes  there are many different types of hotel properties, from small places major international chains and may vary according to number of stars from 5/7-star hotels to -star hotels!

Classi3ica'ion 1$airpor' 4o'el

a$l<r(

2$allsi'es 4o'el

b$pscale

,$con3erence9congress 4o'el

c$midrange

-$mo'el

d$bdge'econom

:$resor' ;$spa 4o'el " hotel#s primary mission is to offer a comfortable room to sleep and usually to offer other services such asmeals and recreation! $ost hotels offer private sleeping rooms %ith bathrooms, front des& services, luggage services , '() and guest services! They may also offer commercial services to business travellers, including a business centre centre electronic devices devices and multi-line phones! phones!

1$ Airpor' 4o'el* a hotel located near an airport, usually offering shuttle service to and from the airport, as %ell as meeting rooms and early chec&out! They cater to the business traveler or leisure traveller %ith a long +lay-over+ in an airport en route to another destination! ecently many companies have begun using them to hold meetings, seminars and conferences especially %hen participants are flying in from different locations!

2$ All#i'es 4o'el* li&e small apartments, apartments, include a bedroom, bedroom, and living room %ith limited limited &itchen &itchen facilities! ome "ll-uite hotels may include micro%aves, coffee ma&ers and a small refrigerator and bar!

.

The living rooms %ill include a pull-out sofa and des&! They cater to the traveller %hose stay is one %ee& or more!

,$ Con3erence 4o'el generally conference centres are upscale first-cass0 properties catering to corporate clients1 meetings! sually, pricing is inclusive of food, beverage and conference services! The meeting rooms have been designated to accommodate the special needs of 3-53 attendees!

-$ Mo'el a building or group of buildings %here entrance to rooms is made directly from the outside of the building! These properties are generally smaller and cater to people travelling by car $otor 4otel $otel0! The front des& covers chec& in, chec& out, guest services and luggage assistance! They are lo%er in price than a hotel!

:$ Resor's* cater to vocation travellers, as %ell as to businesses holding conferences and meetings! ervices ervices are all inclusive inclusive so that the guest does not have to leave the premises premises for any need! They %ill have food and beverage outlets, sports facilities, health club, entertainment, baby-sitting and par&ing! The specialities of these resorts may include seasonal recreation such as s&iing and golfing or catering to couples, honeymooners, honeymooners, singles or families!

;$ #pas these these are resorts offering health, physical physical fitness, fitness, nutritional nutritional advice advice or just plain pampering! pampering! There are tennis courts, s%imming pools, hi&ing trails, beauty salons and specially prepared meals!

%o'el 3acili'ies and ser*ices res'aran') bar 9 minibar) roomser*ice) .a/ep ser*ice =earl( morning call> 4eal'4 clb  3i'ness cen'er 9 sana 9 ?aczzi) s.imming pool) sa3e bo< 3or *alables T&and *ideo) 'ele<) 3a<) 'elep4one =o'side calls) long dis'ance calls>) crrenc( e
a$ L<r( %o'els 'ive star hotels offer full service* a concierge, 26 hours room service, one or more restaurants, a health club, a lounge/ bar, full business services such as multiple phone lines and data ports, a business business centre %ith administrative administrative support!

6

b$ Upscale %o'els* 'our and five star hotels %hich cater to the business traveller!They are sometimes called superior or 'irst Class! )usiness amenities are standard and services include 26-hour room service,full-service business centre, multiple restaurants and health club!

c$MidRange %o'el Typically consisting t%o and three star hotels, they are sometimes referred to as Tourist hotels!They may have a concierge or otur des& available to serve guest needs for dining, theatre, car rental, etc! 'ront des& %ill generally handle these services and business may be available!

d$ +dge'9Econom( %o'el@s* one and t%o-star hotels their goal ist o offer a clean comfortable place to sleep %ith limited limited service!

2$ Room T(pes9+edding T(pes9Room Ra'es$ Room T(pes

Rooms .i'4 speci3ic prposes

#i'e= # i'e=n nior ior)) senior) senior) preside presiden'i n'ial al si'e) si'e) ro(al) ro(al) +anBe' room 3amil() &!si'e>

Recep'ion room

#ingleroom

+allroom

T.inroom

Con3erence room

Dobleroom

E<4ibi'ion9Displa( room

Tripleroom Connec'ing9adioining room Longe9si''ing room9 parlor=Am$E> Room T(pes  •

#ingle a room designed for one person! ome rooms %ill have only one single bed %hile

most %ill have t%o! •

T.in room a room designed for t%o people %ith t%o single or +t%in+ beds!

•

Doble room %ith a double bed that can be used for either one or t%o people!

•

Doble9doble a room %ith t%o double beds!

•

#i'e consists of t%o or more rooms, typically a living and sleeping room! "suite may have

more than one bedroom or e8tra rooms such as &itchenette or conference room! •

Adoining room t%o or more bedrooms ne8t toone another but not connected by a commondoor! 5

9 •

Connec'ing t%o or more sleeping rooms %ith a common door bet%een them!

+edding T(pes #ingle

 a bed designed 3or one person

Doble

 a bed designed 3or '.o people

een

 an e<'ra large doble bed

5ing

 larges' size doble bed

Mrp4(

 a bed '4a' 3olds in'o '4e .all .4en no' in se

?apanese s'(le

 bedding is s'ored o' o3 sig4' dring da( 'ime and rolled o' on '4e 3loor 3or sleeping

Ra'ing #(s'em Throughout the %orld, tourism professionals are using various grading systems rating system0 in order to assess hotels! The ratings are usually determined by the level and number of facilities, amenities, service provided and dependability of basic utilities such as telephone, %ater, electricity! tandards may differ from system to system, therefore comparisons are rather difficult to ma&e! 4o%ever, the best-&no%n rating system is the one %hich rates hotels from one to five stars! " one-star rating %ould indicate a modest hotel %ith very basic facilities, %hile a five-star rating %ould indicate a lu8urious full-service hotel %ith e8cellent service and facilities! :iven the fact that these ratings are ;uite subjective, it is recommended %e use a rating system to compare hotels %ithin a country or region only!

,$ MEAL# •

Englis4 brea/3as' a brea&fast including coo&ed food, offering for e8ample fried bacon, !

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fried eggs, sausages, etc! •

Con'inen'al brea/3as' * a brea&fast consisting of tea or coffee and ba&ed products

bread, buns, rolls, croissant, toast0 %ith butter and jam, honey and marmalade, etc! •

Lnc4

•

Dinner 9 #pper

Food plans •

Eropean plan* the rate for a room alone, %ith no meals included at all!

•

+ed  +rea/3as' 9 con'inen'al plan* the rate includes the room and brea&fast! The brea&fast itself can be =nglish or continental!

•

%al3 board 9 demi pension 9 modi3ied American plan * this includes the room, plus brea&fast and other one meal lunch or dinner0!

•

Fll 4oard 9 en pension 9 American plan * rooms and all meals included!

4otel ervices-International Codes >$"?I" CaBare

=>@= oom only

 " =uropean

CaBare cu mic dejun )ed()rea&fast

meals0 Continental

incl inclus us simp simplu lu sau sau

plan

continental0

continental

CaBare cu mic dejun oom

Aemipensiune

)()C@ and

plan )@

 room and half-

)rea&fsat board0 Aemi-@ension, 4alf $odifie $odifiedd "m "meric erican an $"@ )oard

@ensiune completa

room

brea&fast0 and )ermuda

engleB sau american! =nglish/"merican

C>A= planno =@

=n

pension,

)oard

plan  room and half board0 'ull "merican plan room and full board0

7

"@

TA#5# 1$64ic4 are '4e main 4o'el '(pes 2$ Tre or 3alse a$ room ser*ice is c4arged a' '4e same price as in '4e res'aran' b$ an $$a la car'e men o33ers a single price 3or a '4reecorse meal c$ all si'es 4o'els are small) pscale apar'men's 4o'els ca'ering 'o s'den' 'ra*ellers d$ spas are smaller proper'ies ca'ering 'o people 'ra*elling b( car ,$ %o'els '4a' ca'er 'o corpora'e clien'sH mee'ings are called a$ airpor' 4o'els b$ resor's c$spas d$ con3erence 4o'els -$ Tre or 3alse Ra'ings are obec'i*e and '4e( s4old be sed 'o compare 4o'els '4rog4o' '4e .orld$ :$ C4oose '4e correc' ans.er T4e Eropean plan a$ incldes in '4e ra'e '4e room and brea/3a b$ incldes '4e rooms and all meals c$ incldes no meals a' all ating system guide0

istem de clasificare

"ll-suite hotel

4otel format numai din apartamente

tudio type-room

:arsoniera

$inimum stay

?umar de Bile minim minim impus pentru o sedere sedere

=conomy / )udget / imited-service /

4otel ieftin/de categorie inferioara

elf-catering hotel esort / :aming hotel

4otel de vacanta

Convention / Conference hotel

4otel pentru intruniri

D

Euality control

Controlul calitatii

To cater

" furniBa, a satisface cerinte

"udit

Control financiar

ales

erviciu comercial / vanBari

$ar&et research / strategy

Cercetare / trategie de piata

@ublic relations

elapii publice

=ngineering department

erviciul tehnic / intrepinere

'inancial reporting / statement

aportare/dare de seama financiara

;$Transla'e in'o Englis4 4otelul $assimo este unul dintre primele 5 hoteluri din oraFul nostru si este locul ideal pentru 3 vacanta in care sa uitati de toate grijile! Cele 53 de camere sunt spatioase si decorate cu gust, desi sunt mobilate simplu! Toate au baie proprie, aer conditionat, uscator, televiBor si mini-bar!estaurantul ofera atat 3 bucatarie traditionala, cat si o varietate de specialitati frantuBesti si italienesti! 4otelul are piscina, sauna, sala de fitness si un teren de tenis!

!!$ %OTEL DEARTME"T# 1$ Rooms Di*ision  +asic Depar'men's in a 3ll 4o'el ser*ice "! Fron' O33ice a0 eservations/ 'ront Aes&/ egistration - Chec&ing in b0 4andling guest complaints complaints c0 pdating and chec&ing guest accounts d0 Chec&ing aut

+$ Ges' ser*ices 9 Uni3ormed ser*ices C$ %ose/eeping 9 #ani'a'ion D$ Engineering and main'enance E$ #ecri'( and sa3e'(

G

Rooms di*ision responsabili'ies  @romoting and selling the hotel services  @lanning the reservations and their records H $onitoring clients1 arrival and room status H :reeting the clients H "llocating rooms / &eys H egistrating guests H Communicating in / out hotel phone, fa8, tele80 H Communicating %ith other departments H Aealing %ith guest complaints H Collecting and dispersing payments H Issuing the bill H $aintaining security and safety H Cleaning and maintaining the rooms

A$ Fron' O33ice It is %ell-&no%n the fact that a hotel centres around its 'ront >ffice and that is %hy this department is often called the +heart+ of the hotel! "ll the departments in the hotel are connected to the front office, from engineering/maintenance to the accounting office and from food and beverage department to house&eeping! The impressions generated by the front office staff play a major role in establishing and promoting a positive guest e8perience! e8perience!

T4e d'ies o3 '4e 3ron' des/ inclde •

:uest registration chec&-in0

•

room assignment and &ey dispensing

•

providing the guest guest and the other departments departments %ith information information

•

handling guest complaintsu

•

updating and chec&ing guest accounts

•

collecting and dispersing payments

•

chec&ing the guest out!

3

T4e Fron' O33ice Manager controls and supervises all front office operations %ith a vie% to ensuring guest satisfaction!

T4e Fron' Fron' O33ice O33ice ta&es care of guest re;uirements from the moment guests arrive at the hotel until they leave!

T4e recep'ion s'a3 f must %or& ;uic&ly, efficiently and be able to deal %ell %ith difficult guests and problems such as overboo&ing, late arrivals and missing reservations!

T4e Recep'ion is also responsible for providing numerous services to guests including handling messages, ans%ering ;uestions about hotel services and facilities, and providing financial transactions as needed to support the guest visit! The 'ront >ffice cler&s must be careful to give information about the hotel services and facilities and encourage the potential guest to boo& rooms at the hotel being at the same time careful to %atch for the dangers of overboo&ing!

Fron' O33ice osi'ion Ti'les •

'ront >ffice $anager

•

eceptionist

•

eservation Cler& / Information Cler&

•

Cashier

O#!T!O" T!TLE# A"D O#!T!O" DE#CR!T!O" ?O+ REU!REME"T# •

Fron' O33ice Manager H esponsible for the direction and supervision of all 'ront >ffice staff, operations and services

and %or&ing to ma8imiBe both guest satisfaction and hotel profits! H Informing all 'ront >ffice staff of program for day, %ee&, month in %riting or verbally! H Inspecting the hotel premises to ensure that rooms and furnishings meet hotel standards! H Identifying @!>!needs and dealing %ith staff problems e!g! over%or&, lateness, and personal problems! H 4andling all daily problems and dealing %ith serious guest complaints in order to ma8imiBe guest satisfaction! H ecruiting staff, e8plaining all policies, tas&s, procedures and standards and %riting references for staff!



H riting incident / accident reports! H @articipating in the selection and training staff process! H @roviding the :eneral $anager %ith current arrival and departure statistics and guest information and reporting about the 'ront >ffice situation! H @roviding current information about hotel facilities, services and special events to '!>! staff and ensuring that staff can provide this information to guest as re;uired! •

Recep'ionis'  esponsible for the efficient and courteous communication communication %ith guests for all arrival

and departure procedures as %ell as providing guests %ith information on hotel services and facilities! H elcoming the guests and offering to help the guest, even offering to sho% rooms if necessary! H egisters and assigns rooms to arriving guests ensuring that registration cards are correctly completed giving re;uired information! H 4andles chec&-out of departing guests using hotel standard procedures! H 4andles guest re;uests and complaints promptly! H @rov @rovid idin ingg curr curren entt info inform rmat atio ionn of tour touris istt attr attrac acti tion ons, s, rest restau aura rant nts, s, hote hotell faci facili liti ties es,, services,entertainment facilities and current events in the local area to guests e!g! brea&fast time and place, laundry, laundry, sauna, etc0! H =nsuring accurate records are maintained and informing other departments of arrivals, room changes, chec&-outs and special arrangements arrangements for JI@1s or group guests! •

Reser*a'ion and !n3orma'ion Cler/ o

4andles all incoming and outgoing telephone calls and assists guests in arranging for

telephone calls and messages either in house or outside the hotel property! o

:iving hotel brochures / e8plaining types, position, cost of room!

o

"ns%er "ns%ering ing letter letterss / fa8es fa8es of in;uir in;uiry y giving giving addres addresss and teleph telephone one num number bers s giving giving mail/messages

o

@roviding current information about hotel facilities, f acilities, services and special events to pro-

spective guests giving directions in / outside the hotel e8plaining facilities of area around hotel/ country giving tourist information places of interest, prices, dates0 e8plaining the culture / religion!

2

o

ecords all reservation boo&ings ensuring information is accurately recorded including

name, address and contact number of guest, arrival and departure dates and times, r oom type and rate, and payment details! o

ecords special re;uests for e8tra bed or any re;uest for additional service or amenity!

o

@rocesses changes and cancellations of reservations and ensures records are amended!

o

@romotes occupancy and average room rate by actively promoting the property and

using upselling techni;ues! o

esponds to all communications communications regarding reservations!

Cas4ier H esponsible for the supervision of all 'ront Aes& financial activities ensuring all transactions are accurately provided and recorded in an efficient manner! H esponsible for the maintenance of accurate and current guest ledger accounts and handles guests accounts during chec&-outs! H @reparing the bill, giving and e8plaining the bill! H @roviding e8change service for cash, traveller1s che;ues and foreign currency notes for guests and mainta maintaini ining ng accura accurate te record recordss of all transa transacti ctions ons!! "ns%er "ns%ering ing ;uerie ;ueriess about about paymen payment,t, by e8pla e8plaini ining ng e8change rates! H Ta&ing payment cash, credit card, che;ue, Tcs0!

Recep'ion ser*ice reser*a'ions and regis'ra'ion C4ec/ingin 9 Room alloca'ion Checking in / check in time - a system of registration upon arrival at a hotel! Checkin Checking g in

is a process %hereby people register as guests of the hotel, %here room assignments are

made, and %here &eys are assigned for guest accommodation* H the front des& staff should al%ays %elcome the guests %ith a friendly smile H they must be a%are of occupancy levels, special guests and hotel activities and events H the front des& staff should also be able to provide complete information about hotel facilities and services!

.

Tas/s 1$ Gi*e al'erna'i*es al'erna'i*es 3or '4e nderlined nderlined .ords$ De*elop a dialoge dialoge in .4ic4 '4e reser*a'ion cler/ 4as no room a*ailable and 4e ms' o33er '4e clien' an al'erna'i*e$ eservation cler&* 4otel $assimo! :ood afternoon! Can I help youK $r! "ndrei* Les, I1d li&e to boo& a double room %ith bath for this %ee&end! eservation cler&* I see! e do have a room available from the afternoon of theth "ugust to the morning of the .th! The rate is M53 per night including continental brea&fast! $r! "ndrei* That %ill be fine! f ine! eservation cler&* Could I have your name and address, pleaseK $r! "ndrei* Les! It1s $r! "ndrei the address is <, Cotmeana treet, )rasov! eservation cler&* "nd your telephone numberK $r! "ndrei* 3<-.26!562! eservation cler&* ight! Than& you! e loo& for%ard to your visit, $r! "ndrei! $r! "ndrei* Than& you very much! :ood-bye! eservation cler&* 4ave a nice day, sirN

#'eps in Tal/ing on '4e p4one hen tal&ing on the phone, all details must be repeated bac& to caller in order to conirm accuracy! accuracy! The recep'ionis' s4old ob'ain all relevant boo&ing information including guests full name %ith accurate spelling address arrival date, time, month and year departure date or nuumber of nights number of rooms re;uired number of persons to occupy room esimated time of arrival or flight details postal address for correspondence correspondence position in the company%hen company%hen applicable! applicable! Then the recep'ionis' s4old record the date of re;uest for reservation, confirm room rate, note his/her name and sign reservation form, note reference or voucher number for travel agent boo&ing, re;uest credit card number and e8piry date %hen applicable, repeat all recorded boo&ing information to caller and note form of reservation re;uest  e8* fa8, telephone etc hen hen ans.ering '4e 'elep4one, the receptionist should identify the department eception0, identify him/herself by name "driana, spea&ingN0 and offer assistance $ay I help youK0! The reception staff must ans%er telephones promptly and record the messages in a professional manner! manner!

6

On 4earing .4om '4e caller .an's , the receptionist may as& the caller to %ait 4old the line, pleaseNN Oust a second, second, I1ll put you you through0!

!3 '4e person is sing '4e p4one or i3 '4e person doesnH' ans.er , the receptionist %ill report the situation to the spea&er I1m sorry, the number is engaged / busy Ao you %ant to hold onK / I1m sorry, there1s no ans%er / reply I1m sorry, I1m not getting any ans%er/ reply0!

O33ering 'o 'a/e a message if the caller %ishes to spea& %ith someone %ho is not available0 this message should include name, company, phone number, time of call and message ould you li&e to leave a messageK / CanN ta&e a messageK / CanN give him a messageK0!

O33ering 'o arrange a re'rn call hallN as& him to call you bac&K0! O

hen 4andling ges' room c4ange , the receptionist must ensure that guests are given the

re;uested room and upgrade the guest if there has been a problem %ith former room! 4e must not forget to note the room change re;uest on the daily %or&sheet and then for%ard the re;uest to the other departments! "fter advising the guest on room availability, the receptionist should as& him for a convenient time to ma&e the move, and then arrange for porters to assist %ith move! 'inally, after the guest has vacated room the receptionist must change room number or status in computer system and advise relevant relevant departments of need for room repair or service if re;uired! hen 4andling sa3e'( deposi' bo 8es, the front des& staff must al%ays ensure security of guests1 valuables during chec&-in and encourage the guest to use safety bo8 deposit facilities! In case of ne
rior 'o ma/ing an( c4anges , the receptionist must determine if the room is available for the e8tension of stay and notify guest of e8tension charge! Then he should modify the registration card, the guest folio in computer and then advise reservations and house&eeping departments of e8tension details! "s concerns crrenc( e
%andling ges' messages and 3a
immediately on receipt! hen handling outgoing fa8 transmissions, the receptionists should chec& %hether the guest name and room number, fa8 number including country and city codes, name of sender and recipient are noted clearly and then complete outgoing facsimile register! >n receipt of incoming fa8, the receptionist must note to %hom fa8 is addressed and then complete incoming facsimile register! To handle

" manevra, a se ocupa de

ecords

=vidente

To update

" actualiBa

oom availability

Aisponibilitate

"dvance reservations

eBervari in avans

>verboo&ing

uprareBervare

>ccupancy rate

:rad de ocupare

eservation card, form

'ormular de confinnare a reBervarii

egistration card

'ormular de inregistrare

Pey card

egitimatie acces hotel

Chec&-in / registration / boo&ing boo& in0

lnregistrare

oom allocation / assignment

epartiBare

oom board

Tablou sinoptic cu situatia eamerelor

@hone operator

Telefonista

%itch board

Centrala eu comutatie maluala

To ma&e a call

" telefona

=8tension

Interior

Incoming / >utgoing calls

Convorbiri interne / e8terne

a&e-up call / early call

"pel telefonic pentru treBire

To put through

" face legalura

@lace of issue

ocul emiterii unui act

Joucher

Certificat, act justificativ

Complains

<

=ach client is uni;ue, having his/her o%n preferences, %ishes and needs! =ven in the most lu8ury hotels, guest complaints cannot be entirely avoided they have either objective or subjective causes, depending on the clients1 e8pectations! henever staff are dealing %ith complaints, %hat they must do is* H listen carefully to the guest and e8press the %ish to solve any problem H be calm, polite, trying not to interrupt or comment until the customer has finished H ma&e a short and clear apology H repeat the complaint, in order to assure the guest verbally that they have understood the problem H evaluate the problem and pass over the complaint to those in charge or, if possible, deal %ith it themself H e8plain the guest %hat they are going to do, the action they plan to ta&e H control the %ay the problem is solved! II

Gi*e al'erna'i*es 3or '4e nderlined .ords Ges' :ood evening! $y name is $ihai Ionescu! I1m in room 3
F$O$ cler/ * I1m very sorry, sir! I1ll as& the maintenance engineer to chec& at once! I1m sure it %on1t ta&e long!

Ges' I certainly hope not! It1s rather late and I have an important meeting tomorro% morning!

F$O$ cler/ I1m sure everything %ill be ta&en care of as ;uic&ly as possible! Ges' 'ine! Than& you for your help! The most fre;uent reasons of guest complaints are inappropriate staff behaviour and ;uality standard of cleanliness and sanitation, delay in repairing the fla%s, and slo% service!

&ocablar( "pology I to apologise

cuBa, a se scuBa

Complaint / to complain

@langere, a face o plangere 7

Aelay

IntiirBiere, amanare

To be short-staffed

" duce lipsa de personal

To be held responsible

" fi raspunBator pentru

To be a%fully sorry

" 1ii parea foarte rau

To deal handle0 %ith a complaint / problem

" reBolva o plangere / o probleNna

To do one1s best

" face tot posibilul

$isunderstanding

?eintelegere

lo% service

erviciu 1Incet / servire lenta

pset / annoyed / angry

uparat / enervat / nervos

There and then

a rata locului

Jaluables gold/silver rings, ear rings,

)unuri de valoare inele de aur/argint, cercei,

bracelets, nec&laces, nec&laces, %atches0 %atches0

bratari, coli ere, ceasuri0 ceasuri0

Upda'ing and c4ec/ing 3olios reparing Depar'ing Ges' Folio must be done after chec&ing its accuracy from registration form! 'ront des& staff should also be prepared to adjust inaccurate charges and solve any discrepancies in a prompt and courteous manner and then present the updated folio after correction if applicable0! pon guest departure, the receptionist must re;uest the mini-bar usage information and the usage information from the other departments! The guest accounts %ill be presented to the guest for chec&ing prior to guest settlement of account, then, after charging to guest account, the receptionist presents the guest %ith updated folio and re;uest re;uest him to chec& charges on folio! If there are no discrepa discrepancies ncies,, the bill is issued and the ne8t step %ould be to as& the guest to return all room &eys! Then the cler& should offer to provide the guest %ith assistance %ith transportation and luggage! 'inally, the front office cler& %ishes the guest a pleasant journey and e8presses the %ish that they %ill return! 'olios0 / :uest accounts0

evidenta contabila

To disperse

a repartiBa pe conturi

To chec& against

a compara cu

To charge to somebody1s somebody1s account

a factura

To settle an account

a achita D

Tabular ledger

registru contabil, totaliBator

To produce I issue a bill

a emite 3 factura

)ill, invoice

factura, nota de plata

"llo%ance slip

fisa de scaBamant borderou, cupon0

"mount

suma

'inancial statement

raport financial1 contabil

ItemiBed bill

factura detaliata

@ersonal che;ue

cec la purtator

Travel che;ue

cec de calatorie

Invoice: an itemiBed bill containing the prices %hich comprise the total charge and terms Bill: a statement of money o%ed

for goods / services supplied

C4ec/ing o' C4ec/ing o' 9 c4ec/ o' 'ime - a system of payment upon departure from the hotel / the designated hour at %hich hotels e8pect guests to vacate their rooms!

Tas/s Gi*e al'erna'i*es 3or '4e nderlined .ords Ges'* :ood morning! I1d li&e to chec& out! $y name is @opescu! oom 3
F$O$ cler/ * Oust a moment, $r! @opescu! It %on1t ta&e long to prepare your bill! If you1d li&e to sit do%n for a moment, please! 4ere you are! That1s the amount payable at the bottom here! It1s an itemiBed bill, as you can see!

Ges'* Les, everything is all right! F $O$ cler/ * 4o% do you %ant to pay the bi IIK Ges'* In cash! F$O$ cler/ 'ine, sir! >ne moment and I1ll %rite out a receipt! ! Create a reservation form and fill it in! 2! Imagine a dialogue %hich reflects the process of ma&ing reservations! .! Create a message form and then fill it in!

G

6! Create an allo%ance slip! 5! =laborate an offer presenting hotel services and facilities!
of

guest*

$r!

I

$rs!

I

$iss !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! "ddress !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

"rrival

Telephone* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!

date !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! ,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! a!m! I p!m!

oom !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

4o% many nights I ?ights !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 4old

ingle

until !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! Aouble

ate per night !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Cler& !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

4o% many people !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!! Aate !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!

@aradise 4otel - 2G ?arciselor treet, )rasov - eservations ?ame of guest guest $r! I $rs! I $iss !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!! ?ationality !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! @assport ?umber !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Aate and @lace of Issue !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! "ddress !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! "rriv rrivaal da date and hour our !!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! oom?o oom?o!! !!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!!! Charge Charge !!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!

"rri "rriva vall da date and hou hourr !!! !!!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! !! ?o! of person personss !!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!! Cler& Cler& !!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!! !!! Aate !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

23

2$ Dialoge re3lec'ing '4e process o3 ma/ing reser*a'ions$ - I1d li&e a single0 room, please! - Les, sir I madam! hen %ould that be forK - The 15112ndl .rd 14th of Oanuary I 'ebruary I $arch I "pril I $ay I Oune I Ouly I "ugust I eptember I >ctober I ?ovember I Aecember! -Jery good, sir! Could I have your name, pleaseK I I1m sorry, sir! I1m afraid %e don1t have a single0 room available then!

,$Message 3orm @""AI= 4>T=

A"T= !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! $essage for* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! I oom no! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Caller1s name* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Telephone ?o* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! $essage* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! ,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!! $essage received by* !!!!!!!! +!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! +!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Time* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

-$ ALLO6A"CE# #L! :uest1s name !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! "rrival date !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Aeparture date !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! "uthoriBed by !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! oom no! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Total !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

2

!!!$ D!FFERE"T T8E# OF LETTER# 1$ "ormal Le''er o3 Complain' QLour address R QLour address 2R QLour address .R Q@ostcodeR Q>ther contact details you may %ish to give, phone, e-mail etcR QAateR (If you are unsure of the contact details you can search the howtocomlain!com comany data"ase from any age on the we"site#!

Q?ame of contact person, if availableR QTitle, if availableR QCompany ?ameR

22

QConsumer Complaint Aepartment, if you don#t have a contact nameR QCompany address R QCompany address 2R QCompany address .R Q@ostcodeR e* Q"ccount number, product, service etcR Aear QContact @erson or ir/$adamR, >n QdateR, I Qbought, rented, had serviced etcR a Qname of product %ith model number, service performed etcR at Qlocation and other details of the transactionR! I am disappointed because your Qproduct, service, billing etc!R has Qnot performed as it should, %as %rong etcR because Qstate the problem as you understand it giving as much detail as possibleR! To resolve the problem I %ould appreciate your Qstate the action you re;uire e!g! refund, service performed again etcR! etcR! =nclosed is a copy/are copy/are copies of the Qreceipt, contract contract etcR! I loo& for%ard to hearing from you and to a resolution of this problem! I %ill %ait for Qset a time limitR before see&ing help help from Qgovernment Qgovernment agency, consumer consumer group, la%yer la%yer etc! @lease contact contact me at the above address or by phone Qgive numbersR! Lours sincerely QignR Q@rint Lour ?ameR =nclosures* Qstate documents you have enclosed , if anyR Cc* QInclude ?ame, Company Company of anyone you have copied copied the letter to, if anyR

2$ Complain' Le''erGoods

QLour address R QLour address 2R QLour address .R Q@ostcodeR Q>ther contact details you may %ish to give, phone, e-mail etcR Q?ame of contact person, if availableR QTitle, if availableR QCustomer ervices $anager, if you don1t have a contact nameR QCompany ?ameR QCompany address R QCompany address 2R

2.

QCompany address .R Q@ostcodeR QAateR e* Q"ccount number, goods purchased etc!R Aear QContact @erson or Customer ervice $anagerR, >n QdateR, I bought a Qname of goods purchased, purchased, model number etc!R at Qlocation and other details of the transactionR! I am disappointed because your Qname of goods purchased etc!R has Qnot performed as it should, %as faulty etcR because Qstate the problem as you understand it giving as much detail as possibleR! Therefore this product is not Qof satisfactory ;uality, fit for the purpose describedR as laid do%n by the la%! To resolve the problem I re;uire you to Qstate the action you re;uire e!g! refund, repair etc!R %hilst reserving my right to claim against you! =nclosed is a copy/are copies of the Qreceipt, contract etcR! I loo& for%ard to hearing from you and to a resolution of this problem! I %ill %ait for Qset a time limitR before see&ing help help from QTrading tandards, tandards, consumer consumer group, solicitor etc details details of relevant authorities can be found through our complaints procedures sectionR! @lease contact me at the above address or by phone Qgive numbersR! numbersR! Lours sincerely QignR Q@rint Lour ?ameR =nclosures* Qstate documents you have enclosed , if anyR Cc* QInclude ?ame, Company if you %ant to send a copy of this letter to someoneR

,$ Complain' Le''erser*ices QLour address R QLour address 2R QLour address .R Q@ostcodeR Q>ther contact details you may %ish to give, phone, e-mail etcR

26

Q?ame of contact person, if availableR QTitle, if availableR QCustomer ervices $anager, if you don1t have a contact nameR QCompany ?ameR QCompany address R QCompany address 2R QCompany address .R Q@ostcodeR QAateR e* Q"ccount number, service provided etcR Aear QContact @erson or Customer ervice $anagerR, >n QdateR, I Qbought, rented, %as provided %ith etc!R a Qservice performed etc!R at Qlocation and other details of the transactionR! I am disappointed because Qthe service you provided, your service etc!R %as Qunsatisfactory, unfinished, defective etc!R because Qstate the problem as you understand it giving as much detail as possibleR! This is in breach of our contract as laid do%n by the la%! To resolve the problem I re;uire you to Qstate the action you re;uire e!g! refund, service performed again, rectified etc!R %hilst reserving my right to claim against you! =nclosed is a copy/are copies of the Qreceipt, contract etcR! I loo& for%ard to hearing from you and to a resolution of this problem! I %ill %ait for Qset a time limitR before arranging for the matter to be corrected corrected by a third party at your your cost or see&ing help help from QTrading tandards, consumer group, solicitor etc details of relevant authorities can be found through our complaints procedures sectionR! @lease contact me at the above address or by phone Qgive numbersR! Lours sincerely QignR Q@rint Lour ?ameR =nclosures* Qstate documents you have enclosed , if anyR Cc* QInclude ?ame, Company if you %ant to send a copy of this letter to someoneR

25

!&$ +A#!C 5"O6LEDGE Gree'ings9#a(ing Good+(e

#al'l

Formal gree'ings

'ormule de salut formale

:ood morningN

)una dimineapaN

:ood afternoonN

)una BiuaN

:ood eveningN

)una searaN

:ood nightN

?oapte bunaN

!n3ormal gree'ings

alutul intre prieteni / informal

4elloN / 4iN

)unaN

Formal :ood byeN

'ormal* a revedereN

!n3ormal )yeN

intre prieteni* @al

ee you soon/later/tomorro%N

@e curand/pe mai tarBiu/pe maineN

ee you on undayN

?e vedem duminicaN duminicaN

ee youN

?e mai vedemN vedemN

Ta&e careN

"i grija de tineN 2<

I hope %e meet again some timeN

per sa ne mai vedemN

o longN

@e curandN

4o% are youK - Jery %ell, and youK / I am fine, Ce mai faciK - 'oarte bine, Si tuK / unt bine, than& youN / I1m all right, r ight, than& youN / I1m ;uite

mulpumescN / unt in regula, mulpumescN/ unt

%ell, than& youN / ell, than&s! / I am glad to see destul de bine, mulpumescN / )ine, mulpumesc! / you again!

$a bucur sa te revad!

!n'rodc'ion9!n'rodcing people 64en mee'ing =3ormal>

'ormule de preBentare Cand ne in'alnim =3ormal>

"llo% me to introduce myselfN

@ermiteti-mi sa ma preBintN

"llo% me to introduce $r!/$rs !!!! to youN

@enniteti-mi sa va preBint pe dl/d-na !!! N

$ay I introduce $r!/$rs!l$s! K K

@ot sa va preBint pe dl/d-nald-ra K

et me introduce !!! to you!

a va preBint pe !!!!!

I %ould li&e you to meet $r!l$rs!l$s! !

$i-ar picea sa il/o cunoaUteti pe dl/dra/d-ra 

"ns%er* 4o% do you doK I

aspuns* Ce mai facetiK

I am glad / pleased / delighted to meet youN

unt bucuros/multumit/indintat sa va cunosc

!n3ormal

!n3ormal

$y name is !!! /l am !!!

?umele meu este !! !l=u sunt! !!

This is $r! !

"cesta este dl! !

The lady / gentleman is my husband / my

Aoamna / Aomnul este sotul meu / sotia mea

%ife a friend / my girlthend0

un prieten / prietena mea0

"ns%er* ?ice to meet youN

aspuns* indintat de cunostintaN

:lad to meet youN

)ucuros sa va cunoscN

64en lea*ing

La despar'ire

It %as a pleasure meeting youN

" fost 3 placere sa va cunoscN

I hope to have the pleastrreofmeeting you againN

per sa ne mai intalnimN

@lease, give your %ife my best regards!

Te rog, transmite-i sotiei salutarile melc!

Congra'la'ions96is4es =njoy your mealN

Felici'ari9Dorin'e @ofta bunaN

:od bless youN %hen somebody sneeBes0

?orocN / anatateN

I %ish you a ;uic& recoveryN

iti doresc insanatoUire grabnicaN

@leasant journeyN

Calatorie picutaN

4ave a pleasant holidayN

Jacanta placutaN 27

To you / your healthN

@entru tine / insanatatea tal

The same to youN

$ult%nesc la felN

The best %ishes to youN

iti doresc numai bineN

4appy holidaysN

Jacanta placutaN

$erry ChristmasN

Craciun fericitN

4appy =asterN

@aUte fericitN

4ave a good timeN

Aistractie placutaN

CongratulationsN

'elicitariN

"llo% me to congratulate you on !!!

@ermite-mi sa te felicit pentru !!!!

I %ish you all the happiness in the %orldN

iti doresc tot binele din l%neN

4appy anniversaryN I

a multi aniN

E
#cze Imi pare atat de0 rau 1Imi pare nespus de rauN

=8cuse me, pleaseN

cuBa-ma, te rogN

@lease, accept my apologiesN

Ja rog sa imi acceptati scuBeleN

I beg your pardonN

Imi cer scuBeN

=8cuse me, I did not do it on purposeN

cuBati-ma, nu am facut-o intentionatN

=8cuse me for &eeping you %aitingN

cuBati-ma ca v-am facut sa asteptatiN

Responding 'o E!PN

Raspnzand la scze =ste in regulaN / = >!P!N

?ot at allN / It doesn1t matterN matterN

?u face nimicN / ?u este este importantN

Lou don1t have to apologiseN

?u trebuie sa va scuBatiN

Aon1t %on#tN / Aon1t botherN

?u va temeti / ?u va faceti problemeN

It is / %as not your faultN

?u este / a fost vina vina d-voastraN

It happensN

e poate intampla oricuiN

64a'Hs .rong !s '4ere an('4ing.rong E
Ara'and in inIele elegere si incraand

That1s bad luc&N

Ce ghinionN

2D

I1m so sonyN

Imi pare atclt de diuN

I1m terribly sonyN

Imi pare nespus de rauN

Try not to %orryN

Incearca sa nu-Ni faci grijiN

ould you li&e me to K

"i vrea ca eu sa !!! K

Is there anything I can doK

@ot face ceva pentru tineK

Lou have all my sympathy for !!!

"i toata compasiunea pentru !

@lease accept my condolences for! !!

Condoleantele mele pentru !

Can I give you a handK

Te pot ajuta cu cevaK

Responding Than&sN

Raspnzand $ultumescN

That %ould be greatN

"r fi minunatN

That1s very &ind of youN

=ste foarte frumos din partea tal

It1s all rightN

=ste in regulaN

I can manage, than& youN

$a descurc, multumescN

Ge''ing people@s opinions hat do you thin& about thisK

Cerand opinile oamenilor Ce parere aveti despre acest lucruK

hat is your opinion about K

Care este opinia d-voastra despre !!! K

4o% do you feel about thisK

Ce credeti despre acest lucru !!!

I don1t &no% %hat you feel, but

?u Utiu care este parerea dvs!, dar! !!

A misnders'anding orryK/I beg you pardon

O nein'elegere cuBeK/ @ardonK

I don#t understand you

?u te inteleg

I have not understood

?u am inteles!

Could you please repeat thatK

epetati, va rogK

pea& slo%ly, please!

Jorbiti mai rar, va rog!

hat do you meanK

Ce vreti sa-mi spunetiK

hat have you saidK

Ce ati spusK

)e so &ind and %rite these %ords do%n/on a sheet 'iti dragut si scrieti aceste lucruri/pe o foaie de

2G

of paper

hartie!

E

E
"s far as I am concernedV

In ceea ce ma privesteV

It seems to me that

$i se pare caV

"s I see itV

Cum vad euV

@ersonally I thin&V

incer eu credV

I %ould sayV

"s spuneV

It is all right, butV

= in regula, darV

4e/he/It loo&s ratherV

$i se pare mai bineV

ReBes'9As/ing 3or ermission @lease / ill you be so &ind and !!!

Cereri9Cerand permisinea Ja rog / "ti fi atilt de dragut sa !!!

ill you !!! / )e so &ind and !!!

"ti vrea !!!

/ e %ould li&e to !!!

?e-ar placea !!!

$ay !! !K / Can !! !K Could !! !K

"s putea !!! K

Is it possible for me to !!! K

$i s-ar permite sa !!! K

Ao0 "llo% me to !!! / ill you allo% me to !!! K

Imi permite-ti !!! K

Ao you mind my W J-ing0 /if !!!K

Ja deranjeaBa daca !!! K

If it doesn1t bother you, may I !!! K

Aaca nu va suparati, as putea sa !!! K

Gi*ing ermission Les, of course!

Acordand permisinea Aa, bineinteles!

Certainly/urely!

Cu siguranta/ Aesigur

Re3sing permission ell, actually !!!

Re3zand permisinea =i bine, de fapt!! !

orry, but! !!

Imi pare rau, dar !!!

I %ould love to, but !!!

$i-ar placea, dar! !!

ersading eople I thin& you might consider! !!

Con*ingand oamenii Cred ca ati putea lua in considerare !!!

.3

This/It can be !!!

= posibil !!!

!!! is/are seemingly!!!

"parent! !!

Lou can trust me !!!

@uteti avea incredere in mine

I can assure you!!! Ja asigur !!!

Ja asigur !!!

Oust try! !!

Incercati doar! !!

I1m sureV

unt convins!

Gi*ing Ad*ice Lou should /shouldn1t !!!

#3a'ri "r trebui / nu ar trebuie!

Lou ought toV

Trebuie neaparat V

$a&e sure you!!! !

"sigurati-va ca ati !

Aon1t V

?u !!!

I thin& you1d better!! !

Cred ca ati face mai bine saV

It1s time!!!

=ste timpul !!!

The best solution isV

Cea mai bun a solutieV

Agreemen' Certainly I ?aturally I =8actly

Aprobare

)y all means I ndoubtedly

Aesigur I ?ormal I =8act!

"greed I ettled I ?ot at all

Cu certitudine I @ara Indoiala!

I hope so I I thin& so I It1s possible

Ae la sine inleles I tabilit I Aeloc!

$e, too/I couldn1t agree more

per I Cred I =ste posibil!

I li&e, too/I thin& you1re right

i eu I Cu siguranla!

I agree %ith you

i mie imi place I Cred ca aveli dreptate!

"bsolutely/=8actly/ "bsolutely/=8actly/ That#s true!

unt de acord cu d-voastra!

Lou1ve got a point!

"bsolut I =8act I =ste adevarat! "veli dreptate!

Disagreemen' It1s out of the ;uestion I it1s impossible

Dezaprobare = in afara oricarei disculii I = imposibil!

.

It1s hardly probable I it is not up to me

= putin probabil I ?u depinde de mine!

I1m sorry, but there1s nothing %e can do!

Imi pare rau, dar nu se poate face nimic!

I1m sorry, but it1s impossible!

Imi pare rau, dar este imposibil!

I refuse I I cannot accept this0!

efuB! I ?u pot accepta accepta asta!

I don1t agree at all I It1s not true!

?u sunt de acord! acord! I ?u este adevarat adevarat

Lou must be jo&ing I Lou can1t be seriousN

Cred ca glumiliN ?u puteli vorbi seriosN

I %ouldn1t say so I Ao you really thin& soK

?-as crede! I Chiar credeti astaK

It is not my fault! I I don1t really &no%!

?u este vina mea! mea! I ?u prea stiu!

T4an/s Than& you very much0N I $any than&sN

Ml'miri Ja mullumesc foarte mult0N I $ulte multumiriN

I do than& youN I Than& you so muchN

Chiar va multumescN I Ja multumesc atat de multN

ith all my than&sN

Cu mii de mullumiriN

Lou are very &indN

unteli foarte draut!

It1s very &ind of youN

=ste foarte dragut din partea d-voastraN

I am so0 grateful to youN

Ja sunt atilt de0 recunoscatorN

Ans.ering '4an/s

Raspnsri la ml'miri

@leaseN I ?ot at allN

Ja rog I @entru nimicN

?o problemN

?ici o problemaN

It %as a pleasure to serve youN

" fost o placere sa va pot ajuta!

It %as a pleasure to be served by youN

" fost o placere sa fiu ajutat de dvs!

Telling (or age 4o% old are youK

&ars'a Cati ani avetiK

I am 25 years old!

"m 25 de ani!

I %as born in the summer of G7D!

$-am nascutin vara lui G7D,

I am younger / older than you!

unt mai tanar/mai in varsta decat dvs,

4e is over 26! 4e is of my age!

=l e trecut de 26 de ani! = de varsta mea,

.2

Telling the time hat1s the timeK

>ra Cat este ceasuK

hat time is itK

Ce ora esteK

Could you tell the right timeK

"ti putea sa-mi spuneti ora e8actaK

It is  o1cloc& sharp!

=ste  fi8!

It is about !

=ste in jur de !

It1s more than ,

= trecut de ,

It1s midday / noon!

=ste amiaBa!

It1s midnight!

=ste mieBu noptii!

"t %hat timeK henK

a ce oraK CandK

The restaurant opens / closes at! !!

estaurantul deschide/ lnchide laV

It is open / closed at this time!

=ste inchis/deschis a ora asta !!!!

It1s five minutes past !

=ste  si 5!

It1s 5 past !

=ste  si 5!

It is half past !

=ste  si jumatate!

It is 5 minutes to !

=ste  fara 5!

It is a ;uarter to !

=ste  fara un sfert!

a ;uarter of an hour / half an hour / three ;uarters jumatate de oral doua ore/ timp de cinci minute/ of an hour / for an hour / an hour and a half/

intr-o ora/ cu o ora in urma/ cu un sfert de ora in

for half an hour / t%o hours / for 5 minutes / in an urma/ cu o jumatate de ora in urma/ acum cinci hour / an hour ago / a ;uarter of an hour ago/

minute/ incepand cu ora noua/ intre Bece si

half an hour ago / five minutes ago / starting %ith G unsp unspre reBe Bece ce// pana pana la ora ora unsp unspre reBe Bece ce// dupa dupa ora ora o1cloc& / bet%een 3 and II/from 3 to / until  unspreBece/ unspreBece/ in jur de ora unspreBece/ unspreBece/ foarte o#cloc&/ after  /at about /very early / too early / devreme/ prea devreme/ foarte tarBiu/ prea tarBiu! very late / too late

Telling '4e address Adresa $y address is << 'ranceBa treet, )ucharest, sector "dres "dresaa me meaa este este trada trada 'ranceB 'ranceBa, a, bl! 1) scara 2, 2, bloc& , entrance 2, st 2nd, .rd, 6th0 floor, primul, al doilea, al treilea, al patrulea0 etaj, ap 2, apartment 2

)ucuresti, sector 2!

Da(s o3 '4e .ee/ >n unday,

Jilele sap'amanii Auminica

>n $onday,

unea,

..

>n Tuesday,

$artea,

>n ednesday,

$iercurea,

>n Thursday,

Ooia,

>n 'riday,

Jinerea,

>n aturday,

ambata,

ast %ee&

aptamana trecuta

?e8t %ee&

sptamana viitoare

This %ee&

"ceasta saptamana

In %ee&#s time

@este doua saptamani

@arts of the day the day before

@artile Bilei Xiua trecuta

the day before yesterday

"laltaieri

yesterday

ieri

today

aBi

in this afternoon I in the afternoon

in dupa- amiaBa aceasta

morning I in the morning I

dimineata

early in the morning

dimineata devreme

late in the morning

dimineata tarBiu

before0 noon

inainte de pranB

at noon

la pranB

in the0 evening

seara asta

tonight

noaptea asta

at midnight

la mieBul noptii

at night

noaptea

%or&ing day

Bi de lucru

holiday

vacanta

tomorro% morning

maine dimineata

tomorro% evening

maine seara

the day after tomorro%

poimaine

al%ays

mereu

never

niciodata

.6

?e% Lear1s Aay

"nul ?ou

?e% Lear1s =ve

"junul "nului ?ou

=aster

@aste

Christmas

Craciun

Mon'4s o3 '4e (ear In Oanuary,

Lnile anli lanuarie,

In 'ebruary

'ebruarie,

In $arch,

$artie,

In "pril,

"prilie,

In $ay,

$ai,

In Oune,

lunie,

In Ouly,

lulie,

In "ugust,

"ugust,

In eptember,

eptembrie,

In >ctober,

>ctombrie,

In ?ovember,

?oiembrie,

In Aecember!

Aecembrie

In the month of "pril

In luna "prilie

this month

luna aceasta

last month

luna trecuta

ne8t month

luna viitoare

this year

anul acesta

last year

anul trecut

ne8t year

anul viitor

in 2336

In 2336

in0 the 2st century

In secolul 2

the end of millennium

farsitul mileniului

the beginning of millennium

Inceputul mileniului

&$Abbre*ia'ions

.5

"CC/"CC>$

"ccommodation

"AA

"dditional

"AJ

"dvise

"

"rrive/arrival

"/"?:

"rrange/"rrangement/"rranging

"@>

"ppro8imate/"ppro8imately

""@

"s soon as possible

"TT?

"ttention

)'>

)efore

CI

Cost Insurance

CI"

Cash in "dvance

CA 

Could you

C'$

Confirm

"4?:

Change

A=

Aeliver/Aelivery

A=@

Aeparts/Aeparure

AL

Aelay

A>C

Aocuments

=?C/=?C

=nclosure

=T"

=stimated time of arrival

'">

'or the attention of

':T

'light

'JA

'or%ard/end

I?'>

Information

I?J

Invoice

/C

etter of Credit

T

ast

T

etter

$"

$a8imum

$I?

$inimum

$T:

$eeting

?

"nd

?>

?umber

.<

?T

?e8t

>P

I agree/"greement agree/"greement

>/C

Is this o&K

>A

>verchange

>=T

>rder

>T=C>?

>ur letter >ur telephone call

@

@lease

@>

@ossible

=/='

"bout/eference

=C

eceived

:A

egards

:T

egret

@L

eply

>>?=T

"s soon as possible

T4P/T?P

Than&s

T

Tele8



Lou



Lour

"TT

Jalue-"dded Ta8

JT

Jisit

P

ee&

/>

ithout

A 

ould youK

L

Lour

&!$ #!TUAT!O"AL E7E E7ERC!#E# 1$ Anal(ze Anal(ze '4e 3ollo.ing 3ollo.ing si'a'ion si'a'ionss in small grops$ grops$ T4e( T4e( e #i'a'ion one on the phone0 YI can perfectly understand you, sir! e &no% you are a regular guest in our hotel, but I hope you understand %e are in the high tourist season! e#ll be overboo&ed by ne8t %ee&! Could you phone in t%o or three days to see if %e have any cancellationK >r shall %e arrange for a boo&ing in a nearby hotelK ill that be all right %ith youKZ ! hat does the client %antK hat &ind of guest is heK 2! hat#s the real problemK

.7

.! hat may be a possible solution to that problemK 6! hat %ould you have done if you %ere the front des& cler&K

b> #i'a'ion '.o to the ep0 Y@lease, %e are as&ing you to chec& the rooming list thoroughly before you send it to the hotel! e had an incident %ith t%o guests last %ee&! They had their vouchers ho%ever, their names %ere not included in the rooming list! e really had a hard time to solve this problem! Though %e tried to contact you by phone, %e couldn#t get in touch! e hope this %ill be allright %ith the guests and that they don[t complain! ?o% %e need to chec& their names against the original list! Could you help usK Read '4ese i'ems and .ri'e right, %rong or I can[t tell ! The receptionist is tal&ing to the rep\\\\ 2! It %as the representative#s fault to have omitted the names\\\ .! The guests could not have hotel accommodation\\\ 6! The rep %as available %hen the reception staff needed him\\\ 5! The rep has the original rooming list\\\\ Comple'e '4ese minicon*ersa'ions .i'4 .ords 3rom '4e lis'$ a0 "* hat#s your \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ for the coming %ee&K )* e have enough rooms available! b0 "* Is it possible to have\\\\\\\\ have\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\ for three people people in one roomK roomK )* ure, madam! c0 "* \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\! $ay I help youK )* Is a \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\re;uired \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\re;uired for a boo&ingK "* Lou should contact contact the the travel agency! They#ll give give you you the details! d0 "* I#d li&e to ma&e a reservation! Ao you have a room %ith narro% bed for childrenK )* Les, madam! "* hat#s the daily \\\\\\\\\K e0 "* Ao you have a room %ith an \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ for ne8t "pril 25K )* I#m sorry! Could Could you you phone bac& ne8t ne8t %ee&K %ee&K e may probably probably have have some some \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 1!

Lis' cancellations, deposit, rate, availability, accommodation, ocean vie%, advanced reservation!

2. ' '4e di33eren' c4oices o3 .ords .i'4 similar meanings nder '4e correc' de3ini'ions $igh tourist season% chance ch ance guest% front desk clerk% c lerk% regular guest% eak ea k season% reeat guest% direct dir ect tourist% returning guest% to "ook% to reserve% to register% shoulder season% individual guest% recetion desk clerk!

a0 " person %ho regularly visits the same hotel is called \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\ b0 The year year period during %hich the greatest greatest ;uantity of tourists tourists visit a country or a tourist resort is called KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKK K \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK c0 " tourist %ho registers directly in a hotel is called a\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ a\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK d0 The action of being listed for a hotel stay* \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\, \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\, \\\\\\\\\\\\\or \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\! e0 The person %ho %or&s at the reception* \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\, \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\, \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\or \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\or \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\!

.D

,$ Role pla(ing ac'i*i'ies a> A " tourist is on the phone! 4e %ants to ma&e a boo&ing in your hotel! "s& about all the information re;uired name, reservation time, ho% long he is staying, ;uantity of persons %ith him, &ind of room0 + Lou %ould li&e to ma&e a reservation for a t%o-%ee& stay at "tlantico 4otel! Call the hotel advanced reservation department! :ive the re;uired information and ma&e your o%n re;uests! b> A " tourist is on the phone! phone! 4e %ants to ma&e a boo&ing for the coming coming %ee&, but by this time the hotel %ill be overboo&ed! =8plain the situation and offer an alternative solution! Try to be polite! + Lou are trying to ma&e a boo&ing at "tlantico for the coming %ee&! Lou are a returning guest and you can not %ait to come bac& to the hotel! Lou %ould li&e to stay there and not in any other one! c> A " tourist is on the phone! 4e %ants to confirm his o%n re;uests! "ttend to him properly + Lou are phoning the hotel to confirm your re;uests! Lou had as&ed for a &ing siBe bed and a balcony, you just married and %ill be spending your honeymoon at )risas 4otel! d> A " guest %ho just arrived came do%n to the reception to complain about his room! It %as not the type of room re;uested! "pologiBe to him, e8plain the situation one of the hotel sections is closed0, and offer a possible solution! )e calmed and polite, smile to the guest! + Lo Louu just just arri arrive vedd to the the hote hotell and and they they sho% sho%ed ed you the the room room!! )ut )ut you can can not not bear bear your our disappointment this is not the &ind of room you re;uested! Lou paid the money to the travel agency for a room %ith a balcony and this one doesn#t have one! ay you %ill claim to the travel agency if they don#t solve the problem! isten to the proposals and ma&e a decision! > A* " guest came do%n to the reception and is as&ing you different ;uestions! Try to give the appropriate responses! If you are not sure %hat to say, then consult an e8perienced receptionist ! + It#s your first time in Cuba and in the hotel, and you %ould li&e to get some information about different aspects, so you go do%n to the reception to find out* - %hat you have to do if you %ant to go to an e8cursion - if someone %as ill %here he could get medical attention - %hat to do if you %anted to eat at the special food restaurants - %hat places are %orth seeing outside the hotel - if you could reserve directly %hen you decided to come bac& to the hotel - %hat type of room may be appropriate for a family %ith t%o children - %hat to do if you forgot your safe code combination to open it -$ Read '4e con*ersa'ions be'.een '4e recep'ionis' and '4e arri*ing ges's in '4ese si'a'ions and '4e sol'ion gi*en 'o eac4 problem$ Ans.er '4e Bes'ions belo. and ac' o' '4e con*ersa'ion in pairs$ e

Con*ersa'ion A * elcome to our hotelN Aid you have a nice tripK :* >hN ?ot a very good one! >ur plane %as delayed for t%o hours there %as a sno%storm!!! thenV three and a half hours on that plane %here %e sat li&e sardines, plus an hour to pass through customs and get our luggage, and finally an hour to get here from the airport! To be honest, I#m really e8hausted! * >hN I#m really r eally sorry about that! Could I see your voucher and passport, pleaseK :* ure! 4ere they are! * ill you rent a safe, sirK Lou have that facility in your room! The rate is a peso per day! :* That#s a good idea! Can I pay %ith my credit cardK 4ere it is! .G

* ure, let me just chec& it! >hN I#m sorry! This card is already e8pired! I#m afraid you#ll have to pay in cash, sir! :* That#s o&!

a> Ans.er '4ese Bes'ions$ ! hy didn#t the guest have a very nice tripK 2! hat facility does the receptionist advertiseK .! 4o% %ill the guest payK 6! hat#s the problem %ith his credit cardK Con*ersa'ion + * $ay I help youK :* Les, e just sa% our room r oom and %e are not very happy about it! e re;uested a room %ith ocean vie%, and the one you gave us has a garden vie%! * I understand you, ir! $ost guests re;uest this type of room and only thirty percent of our rooms have ocean vie%! 4o% could %e please everyoneK :* I paid the travel agency for the ocean vie% room! I#ll sue them %hen I get bac&! * e are really sorry, ir %e %ould really li&e to please you right no%, but it is really out of our hands! "ny%ay, as soon as %e have one available %e#ll move you in! :* >hN Than&s, you#re very &ind! b> Ans.er '4ese Bes'ions ! ! hat does this guest complain aboutK 2! hat e8planation does the front des& cler& give himK .! hat solution does he offer himK 6! ould you have done the sameK Con*ersa'ion C * $ay I help youK :* Les, I had a boo&ing for this :uardalavaca Club "migo 4otel! ?o% my rep informs me I#ve been transferred to as )risas! Is there any possibility to stay here any%ayK * e %ould really li&e to please you, madam but the hotel is at full capacity! Lou are not the only case other guests have been transferred too! )ut you have been very luc&y! Yas )risasZ is a very beautiful hotel %ith more and better facilities! I#m sure you %ill love it! :* ThatV I %as told, but my friends had recommended me this one because of its friendly staff! * Than&s a lot! Lour %ords ma&e us feel happy and proud! )ut I#m sure you %on#t regret meeting as )risas staff! They are e8cellent people too! :* I hope so! * I#m sure you %ill enjoy as )risas! "nd %e#d love to have you here ne8t time! :* >&, than&s! c> Ans.er '4ese Bes'ions ! hat happens to this guestK 2! hat is she claimingK .! hat does the receptionist e8plainK 6! 4as the receptionist been professional in handling this caseK Con*ersa'ion D

63

* o, definitely you don#t have your voucher! Ao youK :* To be honest, I don#t have the slightest idea %here it could be! I don#t even remember if they ever gave it to me at the travel agency! * Then, I#m really sorry, but in that case you[ll have to pay in cash for the first night, just until %e handle the situation %ith your rep he can issue a ne% voucher for you! I just hate to annoy you but this is a company procedure %e have to follo%! :* ?o, that#s o&! It#s entirely my fault! ?o%, it means that if the rep issues that voucher I can get my money bac&, isn#t itK * >h, sure you %ill!

d> Ans.er '4ese Bes'ions ! hat#s the problem %ith this guestK 2! Aid the receptionist ta&e the right decisionK :$ %andle '4e 3ollo.ing si'a'ions a' '4e recep'ion$ a! " guest %ho is chec&ing in claims that he has been given t%o single beds %hen the travel agent in Canada promised that he %ould have a &ing siBe bed! b! " couple of guests %ith children arrived from the airport at noon! hen they chec&ed chec&ed in the front des& staff told them their room %ould be ready by .*33 pm, no% it is 5*33 pm and the room is not ready yet! They are very tired and so are their children! c! " guest had boo&ed this hotel in Canada and since the very beginning he re;uested a room in section 533 a friend %ho had already been here told him they %ere the best rooms0! 4o%ever, %hen he chec&ed in he %as allocated in section 233! ?o% he is complaining! d! " guest %ho arrives to the hotel %ith his %ife and his three-year-old daughter has the hotel voucher but to his surprise the front des& cler& tells him that he is not in the rooming list, that the hotel is full and that he %ill probably have to be relocated at another hotel! 4e re;uests to tal& to his rep, but he feels he should not pay for that phone call! 64a' can be done abo' i' The chec& out process in most hotels is at around 2*33 pm, so that the house&eeping staff has enough time to clean and ma&e the rooms before the ne8t group arrives! Transfer out to the airport is usually in the evening therefore, many guests feel they are under pressure to leave their rooms earlier than e8pected! =ven though they can enjoy all the hotel facilities and services in the meantime, some of them feel the need to use the room until the last minute! This may be possible %henever the client pays an e8tra rate to e8tend his stay in the room! )ut still some thin& it is not fair and consider they have already paid for everything till the last minute! 2$ A3'er anal(zing '4e pre*ios si'a'ions) sa( Right or Wrong according 'o '4e in3orma'ion (o read$ E
6

:* I#d li&e to e8tend my stay! Is it possibleK ] * \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\ ] b! $y transfer to the airport is at around si8! It#s only 2*.3 can I stay in my room until 5*33 p!m!, pleaseK ] * \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\

-$ "o.) ge' read( 'o persade an ira'e ges' abo' .4a' is '4e reglar procedre 'o e<'end 4is s'a( in '4e room$ %e doesn@' .an' 'o pa( e<'ra mone($ :$ %andle '4e 3ollo.ing si'a'ions a' '4e recep'ion$ 64a' cold (o do 'o sol*e '4e problem a! " client is chec&ing out, ho%ever his to%els have been stolen and the front des& cler& tells him he must pay 5!33 CC for each! 4e feels this is outrageous and he simply refuses refuses to pay! b! " guest is chec&ing out, everything has gone gone great until the receptionist tells him that he has to pay for several phone calls that %ere never made! The client is e8tremely angry! 'inally you find out that a mista&e has been made! c! " guest %ho re;uested a ta8i to the airport has been %aiting for more than half an hour! 4e is desperate because it is 5*33 p!m! and his plane plane leaves at seven! seven! 4e tal&s to the bellboy at the door!

T%E ART!CLE "rticolul hot^r_t The Aefinite Aefinite "rticle0 T4= "rticolele `n limba engleB^ sunt invariabile! "ceasta `nseamn^ c^ nu se schimb^ `n concordan^ cu genul sau cu num^rul substantivului la care se refer^! =8emple* the boy, the %oman, the children 1The1 se folosete* ! pentru ca ar^ta c^ ceva deja s-a menionat! =8ample* "n elephant and a mouse fell in love! The mouse loved the elephant1s long trun&, and the elephant loved the mouse1s tiny nose! 2! c_nd i vorbitorul i ascult^torul tiu despre ce se vorbete, chiar dac^ nu s-a menionat mai devreme! =8ample* 1here1s the bathroomK1 1It1s on the first floor!1

62

.! `n propoBiii sau p^ri de propoBiii unde definim sau identific^m un obiect sau o persoan^ `n mod specific! =8amples* The man %ho %rote this boo& is famous! 1hich car did you scratchK1 1The red one! $y house is the one %ith a blue door!1 6! pentru a ne referi la obiecte pe care le consider^m unice! =8amples* the sun, the moon, the %orld 5! `naintea superlativelor i a numeralelor ordinale! =8amples* the highest building, the first page, the last chapter!
" boy

?>T* "n `naintea lui h mut - an hour, an honour! " `naintea lui u i eu c_nd sunt citite ca &you&: a european, a university, a unit

Ar'icoll ne4o'r' se 3oloseN'e •

• •

pen'r a ne re3eri la ce*a pen'r prima da' An elephant and and a mouse fell in love! ould you li&e a drink K I1ve finally got a good job ! pen'r a ne re3eri la n membr care 3ace par'e din'ro clas speci3ic =8amples* o

o

pen'r nme de slbe Oohn is a doctor ! $ary is training to be an engineer ! 4e %ants to be a dancer ! pen'r naionali'i Ni religii  Oohn is an Englishman! Pate is a Catholic!

6.

pen'r ins'rmen'e msicale herloc& 4olmes %as playing a iolin %hen the visitor arrived! pentru nume de Bile* Bile* I %as born on a 'hursday pen'r a ne re3eri la n anme 3el de sa n e
o

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nose

•

•

the elephant had a long trunk it %as a er! strange car pen'r sbs'an'i*e la 3orm de singlar dp c*in'ele "#hat" Ni "such"  hat a shameN he1s such a beauti$ul girl ! pen'r a ne re3eri la n lcr) obiec' sa peroan I1d li&e an orange and t%o lemons please! The burglar too& a diamond necklace and a aluable painting !

Ae observat c^ de obicei spunem a hundred ) a thousand ) a million!

E7CEP!! Q" UT!L!JAREA ART!COLULU! "E%OTRST C_nd nu este articol* •

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•

pentru nume de ^ri ^ri dac^ este la singular0 singular0 %erman! is an important economic po%er! 4e1s just returned from &imbab#e! +' I1m visiting the United States ne8t %ee&!0 pentru nume de limbi* limbi* 'rench is spo&en in Tahiti! English uses many %ords of (atin origin! )ndonesian is a relatively ne% language! pentru nume de mese* mese* (unch is at midday! Dinner is is in the evening! *reak$ast is is the first meal of the day! pentru numele unor unor persoane dac^ dac^ este la singular0* singular0* +ohn s 1s coming to the party! %eorge ,ing is is my uncle! +' %e1re having lunch %ith the -organs tomorro%!0 pentru titluri i nume* Prince Charles Charles is .ueen Eli/abeth"s son! President ,enned! ,enned! %as assassinated in Aallas! Dr0 Watson %as herloc& 4olmes1 friend! +' the .ueen o$ England1 the Pope !0

66

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dup^ caBuri de posesiv cu Hs* 4is brother1s car ! @eter1s house ! pentru a numi profesii* Engineering is is a useful career! 4e1ll probably go into medicine! pentru nume de magaBine* magaBine* I1ll get the card at Smith"s! Can you go to *oots for meK pentru ani* 2344 %as a %onderful year! Ao you remember 2335K pentru substantive substantive nenum^rabile* Rice is the main food in "sia! -ilk is is often added to tea in =ngland! War is is destructive! pentru nume individuale individuale de muni, lacuri lacuri i insule* -ount -c,inle! is the highest mountain in "las&a! Windermere ! he lives near (ake Windermere 4ave you visited (ong )sland K pentru nume de orae, orae, str^Bi, staii i aeroporturi* aeroporturi* 6ictoria Station is in the centre of ondon! Can you direct me to )ond treetK he lives in 'lorence! They1re flying from 4eathro%! `n anumite e8presii fi8e! Ae e8emplu*

by car by train by air on foot on holiday on air (in "roadcasting#

at school at %or& at niversity in church in prison in bed

' A9An or no ar'icle ] There %ere many many dogs in the par&! par&! >ne dog %as %as \\\ Aalmatian! ] @andas and \\\ tigers are both endangered animals! animals! ] he is %earing \\\ \\\ blue dress %ith red earrings ] 4a%aii is \\\ \\\ island in the @acific >cean! >cean! ] Christmas comes comes once once \\\ year! ] \\\ ant ant is \\ insect! insect! ] The ?ile ?ile is \\\ river! 65

] I %ent to the shop to get \\\ bread! bread! ] 4e bro&e \\\ glass glass %hen he %as %ashing dishes! dishes! ] Lou should should ta&e \\\ umbrella! umbrella! =8ercise 7 Aecide dac^ trebie trebie s^ foloseti articolul articolul hot^r_t the sau nu! nu! Aac^ nu ai nevoie nevoie de articolul the, folosete un
"UMRUL #U+#TA"T!&ELOR n general, pluralul se formeaB^ prin adûgarea unui s la singular*

3or/  furculi^

3or/s

spoon  lingur^

spoons

rm^toarele e8cepii se e8plic^ prin regulile ortografice* ! C_nd C_nd subst substan antiv tivul ul se se termi termin^ n^ `n s) ss) <) c4) s4) sz pluralul se formeaB^ formeaB^ prin adûgarea adûgarea terminaiei es*

bs  bses  autobuB W pl!

6<

glass  glasses  pahar W pl! class  classes  clas^ W pl! bo<  bo
monarc4  monarc4s  monarh W pl! epoc4  epoc4s  epoc^ W pl! 2! ubsta ubstanti ntivel velee termin terminate ate `n o precedat de consoan^ consoan^ formeaB^ formeaB^ `n general pluralul pluralul `n es $

po'a'o  po'a'oes  cartof W pl! 'oma'o  'oma'oes  tomat^ W pl! cargo  cargoes  `nc^rc^tur^ W pl! 3resco  3rescoes  fresc^ W pl! 4ero  4eroes  erou W pl! =8cepie fac cuvintele nou provenite din alte limbi*

can'o  can'os  canto W pl! solo  solos  solo W pl! casino  casinos  caBinou W pl! piano  pianos  pian W pl! mosBi'o  mosBi'os sau mosBi'oes  _nar W pl! pl! 'obacco  'obaccos sau 'obaccoes tutun W pl! .! ubsta ubstanti ntivel velee termin terminate ate `n ( precedate de consoan^ fac pluralul `n ies$

3amil(  3amilies  familie W pl! ci'(  ci'ies  ora W pl! con'r(  con'ries  ar^ W pl! ni*ersi'(  ni*ersi'ies  universitate W pl! C_nd ( este precedat de vocal^, pluralul este regulat*

bo(  bo(s da(  da(s 6! nele nele subs substan tantiv tivee termi terminat natee `n 3 sau 3e formeaB^ pluralul `n *es

67

lea3  lea*es  frunB^ W pl! s4ea3  s4ea*es  snop W pl! sel3  sel*es  individualitate, eu W pl! loa3  loa*es  p_ine integral^ W pl! 4oo3  4oo*es sau 4oo3s  copit^ W pl! cal3  cal*es  viel W pl! s4el3  s4el*es  raft W pl! .ol3  .ol*es  lup W pl! el3  el*es  B_n^ W pl! 4al3  4al*es  jum^tate W pl! /ni3e  /ni*es cuit W pl! li3e  li*es via^ W pl! .i3e  .i*es  soie W pl! Aar majoritatea substantivelor `n 3 sau 3e au pluralul regulat*

proo3  proo3s  prob^ W pl! roo3 roo3s  acoperi W pl! sa3e  sa3es  garanie W pl! 4and/erc4ie3  4and/erc4ie3s  batist^ W pl! c4ie3  c4i3s  ef W pl! 5! rm^toare rm^toarele le substa substantive ntive `i schim schimb^ b^ forma forma la plural plural

c4ild  c4ildren  copil W pl! man  men  b^rbat W pl! 'oo'4  'ee'4  dinte W pl! 3oo'  3ee'  picior W pl! goose  geese  g_sc^ W pl! mose  mice  oarece W pl! lose  lice  p^duche W pl! o<  o
ad*ice  sfat bsiness  afacere 3rni're  mobil^

6D

income  venit /no.ledge  cunoatere lggage  bagaj progress  progress in3orma'ion  informaii .eal'4  bog^ie s4eep  oaie deer  c^prioar^ 3is4  pete 4air  p^r nele dintre substantivele menionate mai sus au `neles colectiv i pt a putea reda idea unui singur element, se `nsoesc de un cuv_nt ajut^tor! =8! a piece o3 3rni're 7! nele substant substantive ive au au `ns^ `ns^ numai numai form^ form^ de plural plural**

clo'4es  haine p(amas  pijamale scissors  foarfece 'rosers  pantaloon '4an/s  mulumiri 'idings  nout^i, tiri spec'acles  ochelari ma'4ema'ics  matematici lingis'ics  lingvistic^ ne.s  veste, tire means  mijloc ubstantivele ne.s i means se folosesc ca sens de singular! This ne%s is true!  Jestea aceasta este adev^rat^! )y '4is means  `n felul acesta, prin acest mijloc $ai e8ist^ unele substantive cu semne de plural, dar form^ de singular* there were many cattle on the hill   erau multe vite pe deal many eole like swimming   multor oameni le place `notul his orchard was full of oultry  curtea ì era

plin^ de p^s^ri

C_nd substantivul people se folosete cu cu `neles de popor, popor, atunci la plural devine devine  peoples$

6G

All the peoples $ight $or $or peace0  Toate popoatele lupt^ pentru pace!

D! ?umele ?umele de popoare popoare formeaB^ formeaB^ pluralu pluralull adûg_nd adûg_nd termin terminaia aia s) dar cele terminate `n s) s4) c4) ss sau

ese r^m_n invariabile la plural i i se compun dintr-un adjective i substantivul men respectiv .oman) pluralul marc_ndu-se marc_ndu-se numai la substantive substantive men) .omen$ !'alian=s>  italian American=s>  american German=s>  german #panis4  spaniol or'gese  portugheB #.iss  elveian Englis4man) Englis4men pl0 Frenc4man) Frenc4men pl0 Toate substantivele i adjectivele indic_nd nume de popoare se scriu `n limba engleB^ cu majuscule! =8! omanian spea& omanian!

E7ERC!#E# I! 'ill in the correct form of the plural! =8ample* school - \\\\\\ "ns%er* school  schools ! half 2! &ilo .! %oman 6! foot 5! mouth
53

D! radius G! gro%n-up IJ! 'ill in the correct plural forms of the given %ords into the gaps!

#inglar hop $outh Cross Computer oof Ta8 heep ight 'ish @otato @riBe %iss Pilo )o8 Aish

lral

J! 'ill in the follo%ing %ords in order to form to useful phrases* advice, chocolate, jam, lemonade, meat, mil&, oil, rice, r ice, tea, tennis =8ample* a cube of \\\\\ "ns%er* a cube of sugar ! a piece of 2! a pac&et of .! a bar of 6! a glass of 5! a cup of
AD?ECT!&UL V! COMARAP!A AD?ECT!&ULU! ! "djectivul este invariabil `n gen i num^r*

a good ac'or  un actor bun

5

a good ac'ress  o actri^ bun^ a good boo/  boo/  o carte bun^ a good 'eac4er  un professor bun good s'den's  studeni buni good 4abi's  obiceiuri bune 2! ocul adjectivului este `n genere `naintea substantivului, aa cum se vede din e8emplele paragrafului precedent! =8cepii* a0 nele adjective adjective calificative calificative `ns^ se pot aeBa dup^ dup^ substantivul substantivul pe care-l determin^, determin^, acesta pentru a sublinia mai mult calitatea respectiv^* respectiv^*

eople arri*ed 3or '4e occasion 3rom '4e ci'ies 3ar and near$  @entru aceast^ ocaBie oamneii au venit din toate oraele cele apropiate i cele de departe! b0 "djectivul urmat de un un complement sau sau prepoBiie `n str_ns^ str_ns^ leg^tur^ cu el, se se plaseaB^ dup^ dup^ substantive*

A 4all 3ll o3 people  o sal^ plin^ de lume !' is a ma''er 'oo rgen' 'o be p' o33 an( longer  este o chestiune prea urgent^ pentru a fi am`nat^ c0 n e8presiile e8presiile pereche pereche de obicei obicei de origine origine latin^, adjectiv adjectivul ul este precedat precedat de substantiv substantiv

a /nig4' erran'  un cavaler r^t^citor '4e Go*ernor General  guvernatorul general a Cor' Mar'ial  un tribunal militar Asia Minor  "sia $ic^ a lion coc4an'  un leu culcat alone singur% este precedat de un substantiv* %is silence alone is s33icien' proo3  t^cerea lui `ns^i este acuBatoare T4e .4ole 3amil( li*ed on 4is salar( alone  toat^ familia trîa numai din salariul lui 3or '4is .ee/ alone  numai pentru aceast^ s^pt^m_n^ n apoBiiile nume istorice aadjectivul este precedat de substantive*

%enr( '4e T4ird 4enric al III-lea 6illiam '4e ConBeror  illiam Cuceritorul Mic4ael '4e +ra*e  $ihal JiteaBul

52

.! "djectivul mai poate face parte din predicat, predicat, pentru a completa `nelesul unui verb verb cauBativ i arat^ reBultatul aciunii verbului*

All men are mor'al$  toi oamenii sunt muritori #4e became *er( ric4  ea s-a `mbog^it tare Lea*e '4e page blan/  las^ foaia alb^ Comparai*

#.ee' is pleasre a3'er pain$  dulce este pl^cerea dup^ durere 6! "djectivul nu poate s^ joace rol de substantive la singular dec_t referindu-se la o clas^ citat^ `n prealabil i rolul de a determina determina noi e8emple! e8emple! n acest caB caB este urmat de un substantive sau de pronume, de obicei one ( pl! ones#:

m( '.o dresses) '4e red =one> and '4e ble =one>  rochiile mele cea roie i cea albastr^ '.o bo
'4e ric4  bogaii '4e poor  s^racii '4e (ong  tinerii '4e old  b^tr_nii Ae reinut folosirea adjectivelor opuse `n e8presie f^r^ articol! =8emplu* old and (ong  cu toii tineri i b^tr_ni @entru a indica la plural un grup de indiviBi `n mod special este necesar s^ se adaoge adjectivul pe care-l determin^, ca i la plural*

'4e impden' 3ello.s s' lag4ed  insolenii tocmai r_deau 5! Ain e8emplele precedente, am v^But c^ adjectivele invariabile la plural chiar c_nd se folosesc de substantive, totui unele adjective s-au transformat `n substantive pure care primesc desinena pluralului* =8emple*

'4e ancien's  anticii '4e moderns  modernii (or be''ers  superiorii tî

5.

s.ee's  dulciuri bi''ers  bûturi amare *alables  obiecte de valoare
T4ere are some 3lo.ers on '4e piano  pe pian se afl^ nite flori !s '4ere an('4ing s'range abo' '4a'  este ceva ciudat `n astaK I

!'@s no'4ing serios$  nu este nimic serios

GRADELE DE COMARAP!E ! "djectivele formate din mai mult de dou^ silabe i majoritatea celor dou^ din dou^ silabe, formeaB^ comarativul i suerlativul `n mod analog limbii rom_ne, mai fiind more i cel mai '4e mos'$

=8emple*

bea'i3l) frumos, more bea'i3l) mai frumos, '4e mos' bea'i3l) cel mai frumos brillian') more brillian') '4e mos' brillian'  sc_nteietor poplar) more poplar) '4e mos' poplar  popular in'eres'ing) more in'eres'ing) '4e mos' in'eres'ing  interesant care3l) more care3l) '4e mos' care3l  atent dangeros) more dangeros) '4e mos' dangeros  periculos Toate adjectivele terminate `n 3l prescurtare din 3ll  plin0 formeaB^ gradele gradele de comparaie comparaie numai `n acest fel! 2! "dverbele more i mos' ajut^ la formarea gradelor de comparaie i a unor adjective scurte* =8emplu*

more dr( n general `ns^, adjectivele scurte formeaB^ comparativul adûg_nd sufi8ul er i superlativul adûg_nd sufi8ul es') in_ndu-se seama de regulile de ortografie!

56

=8emple*

long  longer  longes'  lung s4or'  s4or'er '4e s4or'es'  scurt cold  colder  '4e coldes'  rece large  larger  '4e larges'  mare 4app(  4appier  '4e 4appies'  fericit lo*el(  lo*elier  lo*elies'  dr^gu cle*er  cle*erer  '4e cle*eres'  detept narro.  narro.er  '4e narro.es'  `ngust Ae observat c^ atunci c_nd este vorba de o comparaie `ntre dou^ atribute referitoare la aceiai persoan^ sau lucru, de obicei se folosete construcia cu more$ =8emplu*

%e is more sl( '4an cle*er$  =l este mai iret dec_t detept! .! nele adjective formeaB^ comparativul i superlativul `n mod neregulat*

good) bun  be''er) mai bun  '4e bes') cel mai bun bad) rû  .orse, mai rû  '4e .ors') cel mai rû la'e) t_rBiu  la'er) mai t_rBiu  '4e la'es') ultimul, cel mai recent la''er  al doilea, - '4e las'  ultimul, cel mai recent mc4) mult  more) mai mult  '4e mos') cel mai mult man(  muli old) vechi  older) mai vechi '4e oldes') cel mai vechi, b^tr_n  elder) mai `n v_rst^, '4e eldes') cel mai `n v_rst^ =8emple pentru formele derivate ale lui la'e

las' .ee/  s^pt^m_na trecut^ La'er e*en's pro*ed '4a' 4e .as rig4'$  evenimentele care au urmat au ar^tat c^ avea dreptate! T4e a'4or sa(s '4a 4is la'es' boo/ .ill be 4is las'$  autorul spune c^ ultima carte cea mai recent^0 pe care a publicat-o va fi ultima nu va mai continua s^ scrie0

T4e ladies 'al/ed abo' '4e la'es' 3as4ion$  doamnele vorbesc despre moda Bilei T4e la''er 4al3 o3 ?ne$  partea a doua a lunii iunie T4e organis' and '4e se<'en .ere bo'4 old men$  organistul i paraclisierul erau am_ndoi b^tr_ni

55

Elder i eldes' se folosesc numai pentru personae, `n mod special pentru membrii aceleiai familii!

Elder este precedat de articol sau adjective posesive ori demonstrative! ?u este niciodat^ urmat de '4an$ @entru personae putem folosi i older comparativ0, oldes' =superlativ>$ =8emple*

T4e '4ree elder c4ildren$  Cei trei copii mai mari 64o is elder ?o4n or Mar(  Cine este mai mare, Oohn sau $aryK ?o4n is '4e elder$  Oohn este mai mare! ?o4n is elder '4an Mar($  Oohn este mai mare dec_t $aria! 5a'e is '4e eldes' o3 '4e 3amil($  Pate este cea mai b^tr_n^ din familie! T4is .oman is '4e eldes' in '4e *illage$  "ceast^ femeie este cea mai b^tr_n^ din sat!

6! Aup^ comparativ, al doilea termen este introdus de '4an

%g4 is 'aller '4an Ric4ard$  4ugh este mai `nalt dec_t ichard! %e 4as more '4an '.en'( 4orses !  =l are mai mult de dou^Beci de cai! Aup^ superlativ, al doilea termen este introdus de o3 i c_teodat^ de in$ =8emple*

?ac/ is '4e 'alles' o3 '4e bo(s$  Oac& este cel mai `nalt dintre bîei! %e is cer'ainl( '4e bes' o3 '4e 'eac4ers$  =l este cu siguran^ cel mai bun dintre profesori! A"

#4e is '4e bes' pianis' in '4e dis'ric'$  =a este cea cea mai bun^ bun^ pianist^ din din inut! Mar( is '4e (onges' in '4e 3amil($  $ary este este cea cea mai mai t_n^r^ t_n^r^ din familie!

RO"UMELE @ronumele este partea de vorbire care `nlocuiete un substantiv o fiin^, un obiect, etc!0 Clasificare •

@ersonale '4e ersonal ronons 0

5<

•

Interogative '4e !n'eroga'i*e ronons 0

•

elative '4e Rela'i*e ronons 0

•

@osesive '4e ossesi*e ronons 0

•

Aemonstrative '4e Demons'ra'i*e ronons 0

•

Impersonale '4e !mpersonal9General ronons0

•

efle8ive '4e Re3le
•

=mfatice '4e Emp4a'ic ronons 0

•

?ehot^r_te '4e !nde3ini'e ronons 0

•

eciproce '4e Reciprocal ronons 0

The Personal Pronouns

I  eu

%e  noi

you  tu

you  voi, dumneavoastr^

he  el, d_nsul, dumnealui

they  ei, ele, d_nii, d_nsele, dumnealor

she  ea, d_nsa, dumneaiei it  el, ea impersonal0  impersonal0 The )nterrogatie Pronouns

%ho  cine

ho &no%s himK  Cine `l cunoate pe elK

%hose %ho se  al, al, a, a, ai, ai, ale ale cuiK cuiK

hose hose is this this littl littlee boyK boyK  "l "l cui cui este este acest acest bîee bîeelK lK

to %ho %hom m / %ho %hom m0! 0!!!!!to to  cui cuiK, K, la cine cineKK

To %h %hom om do do you you giv givee thi thiss boo boo&K &K  Cui Cui ìì dai dai ace aceas ast^ t^ car carte teKK

To %hom are you referringK  a cine te referiK To %hom does the boo& belongK  Cui ì aparine carteaK to0 me  mie

to0 us  nou^

to0 you  ie

to0 you  vou^

to0 him lui

to0 them  lor, d_nselor, d_nilor

to0 her  ei to0 it  lui/ei for %ho %hom m / %ho %hom0V m0Vfor for  pentr pentruu cineK cineK

'or %ho %hom m must must you you buy the boo boo&K &K// hom hom must must you you buy buy the boo&

forK  @entru cine trebuie s^ cumperi carteaK

behind %hom / %hom0V!behindK %hom0V!behindK  `n spatele cui 4e %as sitting behind behind me!  =l st^tea `n spatele meu! 57

)ehind %hom %as he sittingK  n spatele cui st^tea elK beside %hom / %hom0Vbeside %hom0Vbeside  al^turi al^turi de cineK 4e %as sitting beside beside me!  =l st^tea al^turi de mine! bet%een %hom / %hom0Vbet%een %hom0Vbet%een  `ntre cineK )et%een Oohn and and ?ic&!  ntre Oohn Oohn i ?ic& by me  de mine mine

by us  de noi noi

by you  de tine tine

by you  de voi voi

by him/her/it  de el/ea el/ea

by them  de ei ei

The Relatie Pronouns

%hoo  cine %h cine,, car caree

4e does does not not &no &no% % %ho %ho mu must st come come to see see us! us!  =l =l nu nu ti tiee cin cinee

trebuie s^ vin^ pe la noi! %hos %h osee  al/a al/a/a /ai/a i/ale le cui cui

e are are pla playying ing %ith %ith Oohn Oohn#s #s ball ball but but %e don# don#tt &no &no% % %ho %hose se they they are are pla playi ying ng

%ith!  noi ne juc^m cu mingea lui Oohn dar nu tim cu a cui se joac^ ei! to %hom  cui

I don#t &no% %hom0 I shall gi give this boo& to!  ?u tiu cui s^-i da dau cartea aceasta!

%hom %ho m  pe cine, cine, pe care care

I &no% &no% %ho %hom m you you appr appreci eciate ate very very much much!!  =u tiu tiu pe pe cine cine aprec aprecieB ieBii tu foarte mult

%hic %h ichh  care care,, pe pe car caree

he he has has ma many ny boo& boo&s, s, but but she she does doesn# n#tt &no &no% % %hi %hich ch she she mus mustt rea readd for for the the

e8amination  =a are multe c^ri, dar nu tie pe care s^ o citeasc^ pentru e8amen!

The Possessie Pronouns

mine  al/a/ai/ale mele

ours  al/a/ai/ale noastre

yours  al/a/ai/ale tale

yours  al/a/ai/ale tale

his  al/a/ai/ale lui

theirs  al/a/ai/ale lor

hers  al/a/ai/ale ei The Demonstratie Pronouns

this  acesta, aceasta that  acela, aceea these  acetia, acestea those  aceia, acelea

5D

The )mpersonal Pronouns

one, you >ne could %or& there!  -ar putea lucra acolo! Lou should al%ays be careful %hen crossing the road!  ^ fii `ntodeauna atent la traversarea drumului! >ne can learn a lot of things here!  e pot `nv^a o mulime lucruri aici! Lou should al%ays behave decently!  Trebuie s^ te pori `ntodeauna decent! The Re$le7ie Pronouns

myself  m^

ourselves  ne

yourself  te

yourselves  v^

himself  se

themselves  se

herself  se

oneself  se

itself  se Cu ajutorul lor se formeaB^ diateBa refle8iv^ a verbelor! to enjoy oneself  a se distra

I enjoy myself  =u m^ distreB!

The Emphatic Pronouns

myself  eu `nsumi, pe personal, ch chiar eu eu

ourselves  no noi `nine, `n `nsene, ch chiar no noi

yourself  tu `n `nsui, pe personal, ch chiar tu tu

yourselves  voi `n `niv^, `n `nsev^, ch chiar vo voi

himself  el `n `nsui, personal, ch chiar el el

themselves  ei `n `nii, el ele `n `nsele, ch chiar ei ei/ele

herself  ea `ns^i, personal, chiar ea itself  el `nsui, ea `ns^i, personal, chiar ea, ea, el I must do it myself!  Trebuie s^-o fac eu `nsumi!

The )nde$inite Pronouns

another  alt, alt^

>ne man says yes, another says no!

each fiecare

e received t%o boo&s each!

the other  cel^lalt

Oohn li&es this boo& but i li&e the other!

others  alii, altele

>thers &no% better than you!

the others  ceilali, clelalte

The others did not come by bus!

5G

one  unul, una un, o, se

Lou do not have any boo& bu I have one!

all tot, toat^, toi, toate, totul

4e must tell you all or nothing!

either  oricare din doi

Lou may buy either!

neither  nici unul/una

I can see neither!

both  ambii, ambele ambele

Lou may readeither readeither of them, both are are interesting!

severa severall  mai muli/ muli/mul multe, te, c_te c_teva, va, c_i c_iva va

Lou can can see see many many boo&s boo&s on the the table table,, but sever several al are are mine! mine!

fe%  puini, puine

I only found fe%!

a fe%  puini/destui

I have found a fe%!

;uite a fe% foarte muli

I have found ;uite a fe%!

little  puin, mic

I have done little for them!

a little  puin/destul/ceva

Lou have little tea but I have a little!

much  mult, mult^

Lou have got little tea but I have got much!

many  mu m uli, multe

Lou have only got fe% boo&s but I#ve got many!

some some  ni nite te,, unii unii,, une unele le,, pui puin, n, c_t c_tev evaa

om ome are are doo doodd and and some some are are bad bad!!

any  orice, fi fiece, or oricare, ni nici un unul

4e do doesn#t lili&e an any!

somebody  cineva

I can see somebody at the gate!

anybo nybody dy  oric ricine, ine, cinev inevaa, nim nimeeni

I ca can as& as& anybody body!! Ao Ao you see see some meth thin inggK I cannot nnot as&

anybody! nobody nimeni

I see nobody!

something  ceva

I see something!

anything  orice

I buy anything!

nothing  nimic

I bought nothing!

someone  careva, cineva

Lou must as& someone!

anyone  oricare

Lou may as& anyone!

no one  nobody  none  niciunul

Lou can as& no one!

everybody  toi, toat^ lumea, fiecareI sa% everybody! everything  totul, tot

4e can understand everything!

somebody else  altcineva

I see somebody else!

anybody else  oricine altcineva

:ive it to anybody else!

nobody else  nimeni altcineva

?obody else can do it!

something else  altceva

e must buy something else!

nothing else  nimic altceva

I sa% nothing else!

<3

Reciprocal Pronouns Pronouns

each other  unul pe cel^lalt

The t%o neighbours help each other!

one anothe anotherr  unul unul pe cel^ cel^lal laltt minim minimum um trei trei pers persoa oane0 ne0

The three three brot brother herss help help one one anot another her!!

==CIII ! "legei r^spunsul corect* ! They They / them them helpe helpedd %e / us us cut cut the grass! grass! 2! I / me sa% sa% you you / your your %aiting %aiting for the bus bus this this morning morning!! .! It / he he is the first first day day of of summ summer! er! 6! he / her dec decide idedd to go go %ith %ith they they / them! them! 5! hy are you you / he inte interes rested ted in in she she / herK herK
someone

something

any"ody

anyone

anything

no"ody

no one

nothing

! I#m thirs thirsty tyNN Is there there VVVV VVVVVV VVV V to drin& drin&KK 2! The boss boss has VVVV VVVVVVV VVV importa important nt to tell you! you! Lou must must call him right right a%ay! a%ay! .! The doctor doctor says says there is VVVVVV VVVVVVV V %rong %ith %ith Tom! 4e#s 4e#s perfectly perfectly healthy! healthy! 6! The door door bell bell is ringing! ringing! There#s There#s VVVVVV VVVVVVV V at the door! door! 5! VV VVVV VVVV VVV V e8cit e8citing ing ever ever happ happens ens to to meN ld $rs! $rs! 4e%lis 4e%lis is very very lonely lonely!! VVVVVVV VVVVVVV ever visits visits her! her! 7! Aidn#t Aidn#t VVV VVVVV VVVV VV %rite %rite to than& than& youK youK D! There#s There#s VVVV VVVVVVV VVV in the the safe! safe! It#s It#s ;uite ;uite empty emptyNN G! There There is VVVVVV VVVVVVV V %aiting %aiting at the momen moment!t! The %aiting %aiting room room is empty! empty! 3! hall I ma&e them VVVVVVV VVVVVVV for dinnerK They haven#t had VVVVVVV VVVVVVV to eat since last night! 6! "eBai cuvintele `n ordinea corecta! ! is %riti %riting/ ng/she she/hi /him/a m/a love love lette letter r VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV! 2! enjoy enjoyed/ ed/I/th I/them em/te /tellin lling/a g/abou boutt it

<

VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV! .! is inte interes restin ting/i g/it/to t/to listen listen/to /to him him VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV! 6! you/c you/can an#t/t #t/too him/it/ him/it/giv giveK eK VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV! 5! li&e li&es/ s/he he/h /her er/c /cal alli ling ng VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV!
<2

9

AD?ECT!&UL #! RO"UMELE DEMO"#TRAT!&

! "djectivele i pronumele demonstrative sunt* '4is  acest, aceasta, aceasta, '4ese  aceste, aceti, '4a'  acel, aceea, '4ose  acei, acei, acele! )ronumele demonstrative (*emonstrative ronouns# ronou ns# sunt:

'4is  acesta, aceasta T4a' boo/ is (ors and '4is =one> is mine  Cartea aceasta este a ta, iar acesta este a mea! '4a'  acela, acela T4is boo/ is mine and '4a' =one> is (ors$  Cartea aceaste este a mea, iar aceea este a ta! '4ese  acetia, acestea T4ose boo/s are mine and '4ese =ones> are (ors$  C^rile acelea sunt ale mele, iar acestea sunt ale tale!

T4ose pla(ers are good b' '4ese =ones> are be''er  Ouc^torii aceia sunt bini, dar acetia sunt mai buni!

'4ose  aceia, acela T4ese pla(ers are *er( good b' '4ose =ones> aren@'$  Ouc^torii acetia sunt foarte buni, dar aceia nu sunt! This i these indic+ aoriere a o"iectului ,n tim i saiu fa+ de ersoana care vor"ete!

'4is boo/   aceast^ carte

'4ese boo/s  aceste c^ri

'4a' boo/   aceea carte

'4ose boo/s  acele c^ri

'4is (ear  anul acesta

'4a' (ear  anul acela, trecut sau viitor

'4is 'ne is delig4'3l  melodia aceasta este `nc_nt^toare '4ese 4oses are larger '4an '4ose  casele acestea sunt mai mari dec_t acelea

<.

'4e landscape in '4e mon'ains is more a''rac'i*e '4an '4a' in '4e plains  privelitea din muni este mai atr^g^toare dec_t aceea din c_mpie

T4ose are (or 'ennis balls) '4ese are mine  acestea sunt mingile voastre de tennis, acestea sunt ale mele

lease) gi*e 4im) '4is  te rog, d^-i aceasta 64a' do (o '4in/ o3 '4a'  ce creBi despre aceastaK *ac+ ad.ectivul demonstrativ demon strativ se refer+ la mai mult de d e un su"stantive nu es te necesar s+ fie reetat!

=8emple*

T4is man and .oman  acest b^rbat i aceast^ femeie  nu se confunda forma singular+ s ingular+ a ronumelui demonstrative d emonstrative that cu that 8 care% ronume relativ!

2! @ronumele demonstrative aceasta% acesta% aceea% acel% se poate omite `n construcia genitivului posesiv!

T4is 4ose is m( bro'4er@s  casa aceasta este a fratelui meu T4a' 4andbag is m( sis'er@s  poeta aceea aceea este a surorii mele mele e poate omite substantivul `nsoit de genitivul Ws) c_nd `n aceiai propoBiie a fost deja amintit i astfel se evit^ repetiia*

T4is car is 3as'er '4an (or .i3e@s  maina lui este mai rapid^ dec_t a soiei sale! ! bog4' m( boo/s and m( sis'er@s  am adus c^rile mele i ale surorii mele .! One=s> este folosit c_teodat^ i ca pronume demonstrative pentru a se evita repetarea sau drept correspondent al articolului adjectival din limba rom_n^, cel, cea ='4is one> sau ca `nlocuitor al unui substantive dup^ adjectivele determinative '4is) '4a') .4ic4) ano'4er) o'4er$ =8emple*

#4e 'oo/ o33 4er 4a' and p' a ne. one  ea i-a scos p^l^ria i i-a pus o alta! !'@s a 3ine 3is4 b' '4e one ! cag4' .as bigger  este bun petele dar cel pe care l-am prins este mai mare

M( 4ose is '4e one on '4e le3'  casa mea este aceea de pe st_nga !s '4a' '4e one .4o sang las' 'ime  este acela care a c_ntat data trecut^K All '4ese boo/s are in'eres'ing) '4is =one> 3or e
<6

%er sis'er .as a 'eac4er and s4e .an'ed 'o be one 'oo  sora ei era profesoar^ i ea dorea s^ fie la fel!

T4e li''le ones  cei mici !@m no' one o3 '4ose =one o3 '4ose people> .4o li/e 4im  nu sunt dintre aceea unul dintre0 care-l plac

6! ?otai traducerea pronumelui demonstrativ engleB `n urm^toarele caBuri*

8o .ill be sorr( 3or '4is  are s^-i par^ rû pentru aceasta !' .as li/e '4is  aa s-a `nt_mplat T4is is .4a' 4e 'old me  aceasta este ce mi-a spus X$T4a' is .4a' 4e 'old me$  aceasta este ce mi-a spus Y64a' did 4e 'ell (oZ  O4) '4is and '4a'$  ce i-a povestitK  >h, una alta! ! 4ad 4eard o3 i' be3ore '4is  auBisem despre asta mai `nainte !' og4' 'o 4a*e been done be3ore '4is  trebuia s^ fie f^cut^ de mai `nainte T4is is some'4ing li/e a meal  acesta este ceea ce se cheam^ un pr_nB And '4a'@s all  i cu asta, gata, am terminat !s '4is ='4a'> all '4e lggage (o are 'a/ing  este acesta tot bagajulK !s '4is ='4a'> .4ere s4e li*es  aici locuiete eaK !s '4a' (o ?o4n  tu eti OohnK 64a' do (o mean b( '4a'  ce vrei s^ spui cu astaK T4is) '4a' and '4e o'4er  ba una, ba alta, alta, c_nd una, c_nd alta T4ere is no sc4 '4ingI  nu e8ist^ aa ceva Don@' do '4a'  s^ nu faci aa ceva

E7ERC!P!!  =8erciiul  Transformai propoBiiile urm^toare dup^ e8emplul de mai jos* =8! This is my cat! This cat belongs to me!

<5

! Thos Thosee are are you yourr boo& boo&s! s! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\ 2! That That is thei theirr bal ball! l! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\ .! Is thi thiss you yourr hous houseeK \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\ 6! That That is $ary $ary#s #s dog dog!! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\ 5! "re "re the these se your our coat coatsK sK \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\

=8erciiul 2 Transformai propoBiiile de mai jos, j os, folosind pronumele demonstrative dup^ urm^torul model* $odel* This car is red! This is a red car! ! This This doo doorr is open open!! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\ 2! Those %indo%s are closed! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\ .! These buildings are modern! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\ 6! Thos Thosee boy boys are are naug naught hty! y! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\

=8erciiul . Completai spaiile libere cu pronumele demonstrative corespunB^toare* ! Is \\\\\ \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\ \\\\\ all all she has has to sayK sayK 2! \\\ \\\\\\ \\\\\\ \\\\\\ \\\ is is my youn younge gerr sister! sister! .! \\\ \\\\\\ \\\\\\ \\\\\\ \\\ is %ha %hatt she she said! said!

<<

6! \\\\ \\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\ \\\\ is the the fate of an ordinary ordinary man! man! 5! I#d do \\\\ \\\\\\ \\\\ \\\\ \\\\ \\
<7

=8erciiul 5 Completai spaiile libere cu pronumele demonstrative potrivit* ! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ is my school! 2! I li&e both the shirts, but \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ is better than \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\! .! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ are my brother#s things! 6! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ is my aunt! 5! \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ is my friend#s umbrella!

AD&ER+UL =T%E AD&ER+> Clasi3icare 1$ Ad*erb Ad*erbee de mod mod =Ad*e =Ad*erbs rbs o3 Manne Manner> r> 2$ Ad*erb Ad*erbee de 'imp 'imp =Ad* =Ad*erb erbss o3 Time Time>> ,$ Ad*erb Ad*erbee de loc loc =Ad*e =Ad*erbs rbs o3 o3 lace> lace> -$ Ad*erb Ad*erbee de caz =Ad*e =Ad*erbs rbs o3 Case9 Case9Rea Reason son>> :$ Ad*erb Ad*erbee de scop scop =Ad*e =Ad*erbs rbs o3 o3 rpos rpose> e> ;$ Ad*erbe Ad*erbe de can'i'a'e9grad can'i'a'e9grad =Ad*erbs =Ad*erbs o3 an'i' an'i'(> (>

Ad*erbe de mod =Ad*erbs o3 Manner> "dverbele de mod r^spund la `ntrebarea 4o.  cumK

psidedo.n  cu faa `n jos

bea'i3ll(  frumos

some4o.  cumva

delibera'el(  deliberat

.illingl(  bucuros

comple'el(  complet

3len'l(  fluent/curg^tor

e<'remel(  e8trem

b( c4ance  din `nt_mplare

3as'  iute

acciden'l(  accidental

4ardl(  greu/abia

4o.  c_t/cum

li''le  puin

mc4  mult

ra'4er  cam

scarcel(  abia

*er(  foarte

.ell  bine

badl(  rû

na.ares  deodat^/pe neateptate

Bic/l(  repede

slo.l(  lent/rar/`ncet

alod  tare/cu voce tare

Ad*erbe de 'imp =Ad*erbs o3 Time> "dverbele de timp r^spund la `ntrebarea .4en  c_ndK

a3'er.ards  dup^ aceea

dail(  Bilnic

earl(  devreme

3ormerl(  odinioar^

immedia'el(  imediat

mean.4ile  `ntre timp

ne*er  niciodat^

no.  acum

presen'l(  imediat

(earl(  annual

recen'l(  recent

some'imes  uneori

soon  cur_nd

(es'erda( ieri

o3'en  adesea

la'e  t_rBiu

'4en  atunci

al.a(s  totdeauna

las' mon'4  luna trecut^

be3ore  `nainte

a3'er  dup^

'oda(  ast^Bi

s' tocmai/abia

a' presen'  `n present

a' las'  `n cele din urm^

b( no.  p_n^ acum

alread(  deja

s'ill  `nc^

once  odinioar^/c_ndva odinioar^/c_ndva

.4en  c_nd

s' no.  chiar acum

so 3ar  p_n^ aici/acum

sooner or la'er  mai cur_nd sau mai t_rBiu

Ad*erbe de loc =Ad*erbs o3 lace> "dverbele de loc r^spund la `ntrebarea .4en  undeK

be4ind  `n spate

3ar  departe

4ere  aici

near  aproape

'4ere  acolo

inside  `n interior

ps'airs  la ataj

along  de-a lungul

p and do.n  `n sus i `n jos

4ere and '4ere  ici i colo

abroad `n strîn^tate

nder  dedesubt

some.4ere  undeva

no.4ere niciunde/nicîeri

an(.4ere oriunde

e*er(.4ere  pretutindeni

so'4.4ere c^tre sud

4ome.ard spre/c^tre cas^

.4ere  unde

Ad*erbe de caz =Ad*erbs o3 Case9Reason> "dverbele de cauB^ r^spund la `ntrebarea .4(  de ceK

'4a' is .4(  ia' de ce

'4ere3ore  pentru acest motiv, motiv, de aceea

3or '4e reason '4a'  pentru motivul c^

Ad*erbe de scop =Ad*erbs o3 rpose> "dverbele de scop r^spund la `ntrebarea 3or .4a' prpose  cu ce scopK

3or '4is prpose  cu acest scop

3or '4e mere prpose o3  pentru simplul motiv de a

Ad*erbe de can'i'a'e9grad =Ad*erbs o3 an'i'(> "dverbele de cantitate/grad r^spund la `ntreb^rile 4o. mc4  c_tK, 4o. li''le  c_t de puinK etc!

almos' aproape/apro8imativ

enormosl(  enorm

en'irel(  `n `ntregime

li''le  puin

73

mc4  mult

Bi'e  chiar/total

reall(  `ntr-adev^r/cu adev^rat

so  astfel, aa

s33icien'l(  suficient

enog4  destul/suficient

'oo  prea/suficient

*er(  foarte

ALTE AD&ER+E especiall(  mai ales, `n special

a' mos'  cel mult

e
a' la'es'  cel mai t_rBiu

e*en  chiar

a' earlies'  cel mai devreme

onl(  nunai/doar

4o.e*er  totui/cu toate acestea

srel(  sigur

o3 corse  desigur

precisel(  prcis

conseBen'l(  ca urmare

also  de asemenea

a' an( ra'e  `n orice caB

a' leas'  cel puin

a' .ors'  `n cel mai rû caB

Comparaia adverbelor pozi'i* %ell  bine badly  rû far  departe much  mult near  aproape little  puin late  t_rBiu up  sus

compara'i* de speriori'a'e better  mai bine %orse  mai rû farther  mai departe further  mai departe more  mai mult nearer  mai aproape less mai puin later  mai t_rBiu upper  mai sus

sperla'i* rela'i* the best  cel mai bine the %orst  cel mai mai rû the farthest  cel mai departe furthest  cel mai departe the most  cel mai mult the nearest  cel mai aproape the least  cel mai puin the latest  cel mai t_rBiu upmost  cel mai sus

Comparaia analitic^ a adverbelor pozi'i* attractively  atr^g^tor beautifully  frumos frumos bestially  bestial bestial carefully  atent fortunately norocos

compara'i* de speriori'a'e more attractively  mai at atr^g^tor

sperla'i* rela'i* the most attractively  cel mai

more beautifully  mai mai frumos

atr^g^tor the most beautifully beautifully  cel mai

more bestially  mai mai bestial

frumos the most bestially  cel mai

more carefully  mai atent more fortunately  mai norocos

bestial the most carefully  cel mai atent the most fortunately  cel mai

7

;uic&ly  rapid charmingly  fermec^tor

more ;uic&ly  mai rapid more charmingly  mai

norocos the most ;uic&ly  cel mai rapid the most charmingly  cel mai

fluently  fluent gratefully  recunosc^tor

fermec^tor more fluently  mai fluent more gratefully  mai

fermec^tor the most fluently  cel mai fluent the most gratefully  cel mai

%illingly  bucuros

recunosc^tor more %illingly  mai bucuros

recunosc^tor the most %illingly  cel mai bucuros

Comparaia sintetic^ a adverbelor pozi'i* cleanly  curat early  devreme hard  greu lo%  deprimat

compara'i* de speriori'a'e cleanlier  mai curat earlier  mai devreme harder  mai greu lo%er  mai deprimat

sperla'i* rela'i* the cleanliest  cel mai curat the earliest  cel mai devreme the hardest  cel mai greu the lo%est  cel mai deprimat

&!!!$ +!+L!OGRAF!E #ELECT!&

! "driana Iacov, Iacov, =nglish =nglish for tourismtourism- professional professionalss and staff, )ucuresti, )ucuresti, =d!Irescon, =d!Irescon, 233.!

72

2! Cristina Cristina @reli @relipce pceanu anu,, Aaniela Aaniela :iurcul :iurculesc escu, u, $ariana $ariana ?icol ?icolae, ae, $ihae $ihaela la Xograf Xografi,i, =nglish for Tourism and 4ospitality Industry, )ucuresti, =d!niversitara, 2335! .! Colin, Colin,@, @, Aictiona Aictionary ry of hotels, hotels, tourism tourism and cateri catering ng manage managemen ment, t, )ritish )ritish ibrary ibrary,, @eter Collin @ublishing, GG6! 6! Croc Crocus us,, ", Tour Tourism ism an andd 4o 4osp spita italit lityy Indu Indust stry ry orld orld%i %ide de,, )ucu )ucure resti sti,, =d! =d! ylvi ylvi,, GG7! 5! Trish Trish tott, tott, "ngela "ngela )uc&ingha )uc&ingham, m, =nglish =nglish for Travel and Tourist Tourist Industry, Industry, >8ford >8ford niversity @ress!

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7.

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