@A@ E RNKMAF^I^AK
1+1+ Ia}ap @niahakc
_es}nl nkmjhpek amaiaf ses}nl hjk}pji hninkdap }akra sai~pak &m~o}inss% uakc lnkcfaseihak fjpljk uakc }npseph~iase me }~`~f lniai~e aiepak mapaf ~k}~h lnlrnkcap~fe jpcak,jpcak iaek+ Fjpljk `np}ekmah sn`acae rnl`aa rnsak mak me`aa jinf aiepak mapaf hn `np`acae sni maial }~`~f) uakc sniakd~}kua ahak lnknpdnlafhak lnknpdnlafhak rnsak }npsn`~} lnkdame s~a}~ }ekmahak+ _es}nl nkmjhpek) nkmjhpek) maial hae}akua mnkcak ses}nl sapag) sapag) lnkcjk}pji mak lnkm~h~kc g~kcse }~`~f+ Hnm~a ses}nl eke `npsala,sala `nhnpda ~k}~h lnlrnp}afakhak lnlrnp}afakhak fjlnjs}a}es }~`~f+ ]npmara} m~a }ern hninkdap uae}~ nhsjhpek mak nkmjhpek+ Hninkdap nhsjhpek lninras snhpnsekua hn maial m~h}~s rama rnpl~haak }~`~f) snrnp}e h~ie}) a}a~ jpcak ek}npkai) snrnp}e iaresak }pah}~s ek}ns}ekai+ Hninkdap nkmjhpek }nplas~h ferjgeses) cjkam &jwapeak mak }ns}es%) rakopnas &hninkdap nkmjhpek mak nhsjhpek%) ampnkai) }epjem mak rapa}epjem) snp}a }el~s+ _n`aiehkua) hninkdap nkmjhpek lninrashak lninrashak snhpnsekua iakcs~kc hn maial mapaf+ Rama rnk~iesak eke ahak me`afas hf~s~s }nk}akc ses}nl nkmjhpek uakc `npf~`~kcak mnkcak jpcak pnrpjm~hse ake}a) ses}nl fjpljk rama saa} sehi~s lnks}p~ase snp}a rama saa} hnfaleiak+
1+0+ ]~d~ak
Mefaparhak rama rnk~iesak pngnpa} eke he}a mara} lnkcn}af~e }nk}akc ses}nl nkmjhpek snoapa ~l~l mak ses}nl nkmjhpek rama pnrpjm~hse ake}a mel~iae mape s}p~h}~p aka}jle) gesejijce) lnhakesln hnpda fjpljk pnrpjm~hse rama saa} sehi~s lnks}p~ase a}a~r~k rama saa} hnfaleiak snp}a hniaekak,hniaekak uakc mara} lnkccakcc~ ses}nl nkmjhpek pnrpjm~hse+ p nrpjm~hse+
1
@A@ EE ]EKDA^AK R^_]AHA
0+1+ Aka}jle
_es}nl nkmjhpek lnier~}e s~a}~ ses}nl maial }~`~f lak~sea uakc }npmepe mape snd~liaf hninkdap rnkcfasei ta} uakc mekalahak fjpljk+ Hninkdap eke mekalahak nkmjhpek hapnka }emah lnlr~kuae sai~pak hni~ap ~k}~h ta} uakc mefaseihakkua+ Fjpljk uakc mefaseihakkua e}~ maial d~liaf snmehe} rama saa} me`~}~fhak mak meaiephak hn jpcak sasapak lniai~e rnl`~i~f mapaf `npoalr~p mnkcak mapaf+ Hninkdap nkmjhpek }npmepe mape &1% hninkdap ferjgesn a}a~ re}~e}ape &furjrfuses jp re}~e}apu ciakm% uakc }npin}ah me maial pjkcca hnraia mnha} masap j}ah8 &0% hninkdap }epjem &}fupjem ciakm% a}a~ hninkdap cjkmjh uakc }npin}ah me infnp `aceak mnrak8 &?% hninkdap rapa}epjem &rapa}fupjem ciakm% mnha} hninkdap }epjem8 &=% hninkdap s~rpapnkai &s~rpapnkai ciakm% uakc }npin}ah me h~}~` a}as cekdai hepe, hakak8 &>% r~ia~ Iakcnpfaks &esin}s jg iakcnpfaks% me maial dapekcak hninkdap rakhpnas8 &7% hninkdap hnialek &cjkam% iahe me }ns}es mak ekm~kc }ni~p rama ake}a+ Riaonk}a mara} d~ca meha}ncjpehak sn`acae hninkdap nkmjhpek hapnka lnkcfaseihak fjpljk+
Cal`ap 0+1 _es}nl nkmjhpek rama lak~sea
0
1+ Ferj}aial~s
Cal`ap 0+0 _}p~h}~p aka}jle ferj}aial~s mak ferjgeses
Ferj}aial~s lnp~rahak s~l`np mape kn~pj}paksle}np rnk}ekc maial g~kcse pnrpjm~hse+ ]npin}ah rama `a}akc j}ah }nra}kua me menkonrfaijk) mnha} mnkcak wnk}pehni j}ah hn}eca+ Ferj}aial~s mak ferjgeses mef~`~kchak jinf ekg~kme`~i~l+ Hjk}pji }npfamar ferjgeses ak}npejp `npiakcs~kc lniai~e f~ljpai &fjpljkai% mak sapag) snmakchak ferjgeses rjs}npejp mea}~p lniai~e hnpda sapag+ Rnl`~i~f mapaf hnoei uakc lnl`aa snhpn} ferj}aial~s hn ferjgeses
mesn`~}
rjp}ai
ferj}aialeh
ferjgeses+
Fjpljk,fjpljk
uakc
mefaseihak ferj}aial~s ak}apa iaek4
AOPF &Ampnkjojp}eoj Pninasekc Fjpljk%
AOEF &Ampnkjojp}eoj Ekfe`e}ekc Fjpljk%
]PF &]upjem Pninasekc Fjpljk%
?
]EF &]upjem Ekfe`e}ekc Fjpljk%
CkPF &Cjkamj}pjrek Pninasekc Fjpljk%
CkEF &Cjkamj}pjrek Ekfe`e}ekc Fjpljk%
R]PF &Rapa}upjem Pninasekc Fjpljk%
R]EF &Rapa}upjem Ekfe`e}ekc Fjpljk%
RPF &Rpjiao}ekn Pninasekc Fjpljk%
REF &Rpjiao}ekn Ekfe`e}ekc Fjpljk%
CPF &Cpj}f Pninasekc Fjpljk%
CEF &Cpj}f Ekfe`e}ekc Fjpljk%
LPF &Lniakjse} Pninasekc Fjpljk%
LEF &Lniakjse} Ekfe`e}ekc Fjpljk%
0+ Ferjgeses Ferjgesn }npin}ah me sniia }~pseha) inh~hak js srnkjemaies `ases opakee+ @np`nk}~h jwai mnkcak mealn}np hepa,hepa 1 ol mak me`ace a}as m~a ij`~s Ij`~s ak}npejp) lnp~rahak `aceak }np`nsap mape ferjgesn hepa,hepa 0*? `aceak mape ferjgesn+ Ij`~s ak}npejp eke d~ca mesn`~} amnkjferjgesn+ Ij`~s rjs}npejp) lnp~rahak 1*? `aceak ferjgesn mak }npmepe mape dapekcak sapag snfekcca mesn`~} d~ca kn~pjferjgesn+ Ferjgesn s}aih amaiaf s}p~h}~p uakc lnkcf~`~kchak ij`~s rjs}npejp ferjgesn mnkcak ferj}aial~s+ _}p~h}~p eke lnp~rahak dapekcak sapag+ Ij`~s ek}nplnmea}n &raps ek}nplnmea}n% amaiaf apna meak}apa ij`~s ak}npejp mak rjs}npejp) g~kcsekua `ni~l mehn}af~e snoapa ras}e) kal~k `n`npara pngnpnkse uakc ama lnkca}ahak ij`~s eke l~kchek lnkcfaseihak lniakjse} s}el~ia}ekc fjpljk &L_F%+ _noapa fes}jijces) sni,sni hninkdap ferjgesn mehnijlrjhak `npmasaphak dnkes fjpljk uakc mesnhpnse uae}~4 a+ _ni,sni sjla}j}pjg `nk}~hkua `nsap) lnkcakm~kc cpak~ia snhpn}jpe) `npmealn}np ?>2,>22 kl mak }npin}ah me sauar ia}npai ferjgesn+ _ni,sni ekeiaf
uakc
lnkcfaseihak
fjpljk
sjla}j}pjrek
a}a~
fjpljk
rnp}~l`~fak+
=
`+ _ni,sni iao}j}pjrf d~ca lnkcakm~kc cpak~ia snhpn}jpe) mnkcak mealn}np 03,?>2 kl) lnkcfaseihak rpjiah}ek a}a~ iah}jcnk+ o+ _ni,sni ]epj}pjrf `np`nk}~h rjiefnmpai) lnkcakm~kc cpak~ia snhpn}jpe mnkcak mealn}np >2,122 kl) lnkcfaseihak ]_F+ m+ _ni,sni cjkamj}pjg mealn}np sni hepa,hepa 03>,?3> kl) lnkcakm~kc cpak~ia snhpn}jpe) lnkcfaseiahak G_F mak IF+ _sni,sni hjp}ehj}pjg mealn}np sni hepa,hepa ?3>,>>2 kl) lnp~rahak cpak~ia }np`nsap) lnkcfaseihak AO]F+ n+ _ni kjksnhpn}jpe }npmepe a}as sni hpjljgj`+ In`ef h~pakc 0>. ’sni hninkdap ferjgesn }emah mara} meapkae mnkcak rnapkaak uakc iatel mec~kahak mak hapnka e}~ mesn`~} sni,sni hpjljgj`+ Rnapkaak uakc snpekc merahae amaiaf oapljsek mak npu}pjsek+ _ni gjie,h~iap amaiaf sni,sni uakc `npgjiehni+ Ferjgesn lnkcfaseihak fjpljk }pjreh mak kjk}pjreh+ Fjpljk }pjreh ahak lnkcjk}pji sek}nsa mak snhpnse fjpljk hninkdap sasapak snmakchak fjpljk kjk}pjreh ahak `nhnpda iakcs~kc rama jpcak sasapak+ Hnlalr~ak ferjgesn maial lnlrnkcap~fe a}a~ lnkcjk}pji iakcs~kc ah}ewe}as hninkdap nkmjhpek iaek lnkdamehak ferjgesn med~i~he las}np jg ciakm+ Fjpljk uakc mefaseihak ferjgeses ak}npejp4 Kj+
Fjpljk
Rpekser hnpda
1
Fjpljk _jla}pj}jg
Rnp}~l`~fak sni mak aka`jiesln rpj}nek
0
Fjpljk ]epjem &]_F%
Lnkcjk}pji snhpnse fjpljkn jinf hninkdap }epjem
?
Fjpljk
Lnkcjk}pji snhpnse `n`npara fjpljkn jinf
Ampnkjhjp}ehj}pjreh
hjp}nhs ampnkai
&AO]F% =
Gjiieoin _}el~ia}ekc Fjpljk &G_F%
a+ Rama ake}a 4 lnpakcsakc rnphnl`akcak gjiehni rama jwape~l mak snhpnse ns}pjcnk `+ Rama }ns}es 4 lnks}el~iase }ns}es ~k}~h lnks}el~iase srnpla
>
I~}neketekc fjpljkn
a+ Rama Sake}a 4 `npsala mnkcak ns}pjcnk
>
&IF%
lnks}el~iase jw~iase mak rnl`nk}~hak rpjcns}npjkn jinf hjpr~s i~}n~l `+ Rama rpea 4 lnks}el~iase sni ‟ sni ek}nps}e}eai rama }ns}es ~k}~h `nphnl`akc mak lnkcfaseihak }ns}j}npjk
7
Rpjiah}ek
Lnl`ak}~ hniafepak mak lnlniefapa snhpnse s~s~ jinf hninkdap s~s~
Fjpljk uakc mefaseihak ferjgeses rjs}npejp4 Kj+
1
Fjpljk
Jhse}jsek
Rpekser hnpda
Lnks}el~iase hjk}pahse j}j} rjijs rama pafel ake}a sniala rpjsns lniafephak
0
Fjpljk AMF
Lnk~p~khak wji~ln ~pekn mak lnkekcha}hak }nhakak mapaf mnkcak oapa lnkunlre}hak rnl`~i~f mapaf
?+ Jwape~l Rama ~l~lkua rnpnlr~ak lnleiehe 0 ekm~kc }ni~p &jwape~l%) lasekc, lasekc me hakak mak me hepe+ lnsjwape~l lnkccak}~kc) jwape~l me `aceak `niahakc iecalnk}~l ia}~l hakak mak hepe+ ^h~pak jwape~k `np~h~pak h~pakc in`ef sn`nsap e`~ dape }akcak mnkcak ~h~pak Rakdakc hepa,hepa ? salrae > ol) in`ap 0 salrae ? ol) mak }n`ai 1 ol+ @np`nk}~h snrnp}e haoakc hnkape+ @aceak rekccep a}askua a}a~ fei~skua `npf~`~kcak mnkcak lnsjwape~l }nlra} me}nl~hakkua rnl`~i~f,rnl`~i~f mapaf mak snpa`~,snpa`~} sapag ~k}~h jwape~l+ Rekccep `aafkua `n`as+ Rnpl~haak `niahakckua lnk~d~ hn a}as mak `niahakc) snmakchak rnpl~haak mnrakkua hn `aaf mak mnrak+ ^d~kc uakc mnha} mnkcak }~`a }npin}ah in`ef }ekcce mape rama ~d~kc uakc mnha} mnkcak ~}np~s mak }emah dapakc mesni~`~kce jinf `n`npara gel`pea mape ekg~kme`~i~l+ ^d~kc jwape~l uakc in`ef pnkmaf `npf~`~kcak mnkcak ~}np~s
7
lniai~e iecalnk}~l jwapee rpjrpe~l }nlra} me}nl~hakkua dapekcak j}j} me iecalnk}~l pj}~km~l+
Cal`ap 0+? Jwape~l Jwape~l meiarese nre}nie~l cnplekai &rnpl~haak%+ Dapekcak eha} jwape~l mesn`~} s}jla mak }nps~s~k mape hjp}nhs rama `acaek i~ap mak lnm~ia rama `aceak maial+ Mernphepahak rama rnpnlr~ak }npmara} hepa,hepa 122+222 gjiehni rpelnp+ ]ear `~iak sa}~ gjiehni ahak hni~ap) hamakc,hamakc m~a gjiehni) uakc maial rnphnl`akcakkua ahak lnkdame gjiehni mn Cpaag+ Gjiehni,gjiehni eke lnp~rahak `aceak }nprnk}ekc mape jwape~l uakc mara} meiefa} me hjp}nhs jwapee maial in}ah uakc `npaknha pacal mak r~ia maial }ekcha},}ekcha} rnphnl`akcak uakc `np`nma) uae}~ mape sni }ni~p uakc mehnieiekce jinf sa}~ iaresak sni,sni sada salrae lnkdame gjiehni mn Cpaag uakc la}akc }npese mnkcak ieh~jp gjiieh~ie) lnkcakm~kc ns}pjcnk mak sear ~k}~h `npjw~iase+ Gjiehni mn Cpaag uakc la}akc }npmepe a}as 4 1+ Jw~l) uahke s~a}~ sni `nsap mnkcak mealn}np 2)1 ll uakc lnlr~kuae k~hin~s mnkcak akualak hpjla}ek uakc dnias snhaie 0+ _}pa}~l cpak~ijs~l) uakc }npmepe a}as sni,sni cpak~ijsa) uahke sni,sni `~ia} hnoei mnkcak ek}e uakc dnias rama rnapkaak mak lnkcnieiekce jw~l+ Rama
3
rnphnl`akcak in`ef iakd~} me }nkcafkua }npmara} s~a}~ pjkcca }npese ieh~jp gjiieh~ie ?+ ]nha ek}npka) uae}~ s~a}~ iaresak uakc lniekchape s}pa}~l cpak~ijs~l mnkcak sni,sni in`ef hnoei maperama sni cpak~ijsa =+ ]nha nhs}npka) me i~ap }nha ek}npka uakc }np`nk}~h jinf s}pjla jwape~l uakc }npmnsah >+ Mesh~s rpjiecnp~s 7+ Ieh~jp gjiieh~ie Jwape~l `npg~kcse sn`acae jpcak nkmjhpek mak jpcak pnrpjm~hse+ _n`acae jpcak nkmjhpek) jwape~l lnkcfaseihak fjpljk ns}pjcnk mak rpjcns}npjk+ _n`acae jpcak pnrpjm~hse) jwape~l lnkcfaseihak jw~l &sni }ni~p%+
Ns}pjcnk Fjpljk eke mefaseihak jinf Gjiehni Cpaag+ Rnl`nk}~hak ns}pjcnk mepakcsakc
jinf
G_F+
G~kcse
ns}pjcnk
eaiaf
lnkel`~ihak
mak
lnlrnp}afakhak }akma,}akma hnialek snh~kmnp rama ake}a+ ]akma,}akma hnialek snh~kmnp amaiaf oepe,oepe uakc mara} lnl`nmahak ake}a mnkcak rpea }akra lniefa} hnialekkua+ Ojk}jfkua) rnphnl`akcak rekcc~i mak rau~mapa rama ake}a mak h~ie} lnkdame `np}al`af fai~s+
Rpjcns}npjk Fjpljk eke mefaseihak jinf hjpr~s i~}n~l+ Rnl`nk}~hakkua mepakcsakc jinf IF mak `npg~kcse lnkuearhak mekmekc ~}np~s acap mara} lnknpela }ni~p uakc s~maf me`~afe+ Riasnk}a lnl`nk}~h ns}pjcnk mak rpjcns}npjk sniala hnfaleiak c~ka lnkoncaf rnl`nk}~hak G_F mak IF+ Mnkcak mnleheak) hnm~a fjpljk eke mara} lnlrnp}afakhak hnfaleiak+
6
0+0+ Gesejijce 0+0+1+ @ejsek}nses Fjpljk
A+ Fjpljk Pnrpjm~hse 1+ Fjpljk Rnr}ema Fjpljk rnr}ema lnp~rahak rpj}nek mnkcak `npacal ~h~pak+ Rpj}nek uakc mesek}nses meseserhak hn maial wnsehni ~k}~h snhpnse) meiera}) mak mara} merpjsns lniai~e rpj}njieses a}a~ ljmegehase iaek+ Rniera}ak me}nk}~hak jinf pakchaeak rpelnp rpj}nek la~r~k jinf rpj}nek }al`afak+ ^k}~h snhpnse) rpj}nek meseserhak hn maial pn}eh~i~l nkmjriasleh) uakc ahfepkua lnkoarae wnsehni snhpn}jpeh+
_n}niaf }paksrjp rpj}nek hnmaial
pn}eh~i~l nkmjriasleh) rpj}nek `npcnpah lniai~e s~a}~ snpe hjlrap}nlnk hf~s~s) meljmegehase sn`ni~l meinrashak + Wnsehni `npcnpah hn mak `npg~se mnkcak arapa}~s Cjice+ Wnsehni eke me}~}~re jinf s~a}~ iaresak rpj}nek uakc lnl~kchekhak ~k}~h `npeha}ak mnkcak lnl`pak arapa}~s Cjice + Wnsehni eke hnl~meak `npg~se uakc lnlnpi~hak fempjieses A]R mak rpj}nek iaek) }nplas~h rpj}nek rnkceha} C]R &mak fempjieses C]G% + Ahfepkua) wnsehni hn i~ap mape dapekcak }paks,Cjice mak meakch~} hn rnpl~haak sni) `npg~se mnkcak lnl`pak ~k}~h lnkualraehak esekua hn i~ap sni+ Cnpahak mape wnsehni,wnsehni hn rnpl~haak }npdame snrakdakc dai~p lehpj}~`~i~s+ Fjpljk,fjpljk meinrashak mape sni sn`acae pnsrjks }npfamar pakcsakcak+ _n`aceak `nsap sni,sni nkmjhpek &ferjgeses) rapa}epjem) rakhpnas% lnkcc~kahak iek}asak snhpn}jpeh uakc mea}~p8 mnkcak mnleheak) lnpnha lnkuelrak fjpljk rnr}ema maial cpak~ia snhpn}jpeh) mak lninrashakkua sn`acae pnsrjks }npfamar pakcsakcak+ Mnkcak lnkuelrak rpjm~h eke) sni snhpn}jpeh lalr~ ~k}~h lninrashakkua maial rnpejmn uakc rnkmnh mnkcak hnonra}ak lnin`efe hnlalr~ak sek}nses sni+ Fai eke lnp~rahak has~s rama r~ia~ Iakcnpfaks rakhpnas) hninkdap rapa}epjem) mak hninkdap ferjgeses+ Kal~k) fa}e) uakc lninrashak akcej}nksek) mak riasnk}a) uakc lninrashak OC mak iah}jcnk riasnk}a &hjpejkeh sjla}jlala}pjrek%) fakua lnkcc~kahak iek}asak }n}ar+ Ferj}falai~s lnkcni~aphak CkPF mnkcak rpjsns snhpnsekua sn}ear 52, 102 lnke} lniai~e aiepak rjp}ai ferj}faialjferjgeseai+ _n}niaf salrae me
5
ferjgesn ak}npejp) CkPF ahak lnkceha} sni cjkamj}pjr mak lnpakcsakc rnkcni~apak G_F &Gjiieoin _}el~ia}ekc Fjpljkn% mak IF &I~}fneketekc Fjpljkn%+ Sah}~ rap~f IF h~pakc in`ef ?2 lnke} snmakchak G_F snhe}ap ? dal+ G_F mak IF `npeha}ak mnkcak pnsnr}jp uakc }npmara} rama jwape~l mak } ns}es) snp}a lnlrnkcap~fe g~kcse cjkam mnkcak `nprnpak maial rpjm~hse fjpljk snhs s}npjem mak caln}jcnknses+ Rama ake}a sniala lasa jw~iase CkPF ahak lnpakcsakc IF ~k}~h lnks}el~i~s rpjm~hse ns}pjcnk mak rpjcns}npjk+ Rnpakak IF rama sehi~s rnp}nkcafak &lemouoin% amaiaf jw~iase mak lnpakcsakc hjpr~s i~}n~l ~k}~h lnkcfaseihak rpjcns}npjk+ G_F `nprnpak ahak lnpakcsakc rnp`nsapak gjiehni jwape~l mak `npsala,sala IF ahak lnpakcsakc snhpnse ns}pjcnk mak jwape~l+ _niala sehi~s lnks}p~ase uakc kjplai) hjksnk}pase G_F mak IF ahak l~iae lnkekcha} rama fape,fape rnp}ala+ Hamap G_F ahak in`ef onra} lnkekchak me`akmekchak IF mak ahak lnkoarae r~koah rama gasn gjieh~iap) }n}are ahak lnk~p~k salrae hamap uakc uakc }npnkmaf rama gasn rpnjw~iase hapnka rnkcap~f rnkekcha}ak hamap ns}pjcnk iai~ ahak lnkekcha} hnl`aie rama gasn jw~iase+ Pnc~iase IF sniala sehi~s lnks}p~ase) hamapkua ahak lnkekcce me gasn gjieh~iap mnkcak r~koahkua rama lemouoin) `np}afak sniala 1,? fape) mak lnk~p~k rama gasn i~}nai+ _nhpnse IF mak G_F mehjk}pji jinf CkPF uakc lnp~rahak r~sa} hjk}pji ~k}~h `asai cjkamj}pjrek) lasa jw~iase mak jksn} r~`np}as rama lasekc, lasekc ekmewem~+ Rpjsns snhpnse `asai cjkamj}pjrek eke mernkcap~fe jinf `n`npara laoal rpjsns4
_nhpnse nresjmeh Rama rpea mak ake}a) rpjsns snhpnse IF mak G_F `npsega} rnpejmeh) melaka }npdamekua snoapa `np}afar mak rnkcni~apakkua mehjk}pji jinf CkPF+
Gnnm`aoh rjse}eg Rama ake}a sniala sehi~s lnks}p~ase ns}pjcnk lnl`npehak ~lrak `aieh rjse}eg rama hamap CkPF ~k}~h lnksnhpnse IF mak G_F mak rnkekcha}ak
12
hamap ns}pjcnk sniala gasn gjieh~iap lnp~rahak s}el~i~s mape IF mak G_F sn}niaf rnp}nkcafak sehi~s) snfekcca jw~l lnkdame la}akc mak }npdame jw~iase+ Jw~iase }npdame fape hn 12,10 rama sehi~s jw~iase sn}niaf r~koah hamap IF mak 0=,?7 dal sn}niaf r~koah ns}pameji+ _n}niaf fape hn,1= hjpr~s i~}n~l ahak lnkcaiale ekwji~se hapnka mesn`a`hak jinf rnk~p~kak ns}pameji mak rpjcns}npjk snfekcca }npdame rpjsns lnks}p~ase+
Gnnm`aoh Knca}eg Rpjsns ~lrak `aieh eke lnl`npe malrah rama snhpnse cjkamj}pjrek+ Rama ake}a }npdamekua hncacaiak rnl`nk}~hak cjkam rpelnp mak rpjsns lnkjra~sn mesn`a`hak hapnka rnkekcha}ak hamap IF mak G_F uakc mara} me}nhak jinf }npare ns}pjcnk maial dakcha ah}~ uakc iala+
0+ Fjpljk _}npjem Fjpljk s}npjem mesek}nses mape hjins}npji uakc `npasai mape sek}nses asn}a}) mape hjins}npji ns}np rama dakekcak s}npjemjcnkeh) mak s~l`np lahakak+ _nhe}ap 62. hjins}npji mec~kahak ~k}~h sek}nses fjpljk snhs s}npjem+ Rama ake}a) jw~l uakc la}akc ahak lnksek}nses mak lnksnhpnse fjpljk s}npjem ah}eg+ Jwape~l uakc kjplai lnp~rahak s~l`np ~}ala mape rnl`nk}~hak+ Rama ake}a lnkjra~sn mak hniaekak jwape~l ns}pjcnk mefaseihak mape rpnh~psjp akmpjcnk rama dapekcak iaek+ _niaek e}~ jwape~l d~ca lnlrpjm~hse rpjcns}npjk sniala gasn i~}nai rama sehi~s lnks}p~ase) }ns}j}npjk mak akmpjcnk maial d~liaf snmehe}+ Hjp}nhs ampnkai d~ca lnlrpjm~hse fjpljk }ns}j}npjk mak akmpjcnk maial d~liaf uakc snmehe} uakc mec~kahak `~hak fakua ~k}~h rpnh~psjp ns}pjcnk }n}are iakcs~kc mehni~aphak hn dapekcak rnpegnp+ Ns}pjcnk
Ns}pjcnk }npmepe mape }eca dnkes fjpljk uakc `np`nma) uae}~ ns}pjk) ns}pameji) mak ns}peji+ Rama ake}a kjplai) ns}pjcnk `akuah merpjm~hse jinf gjiehni sniala rpjsns jw~iase mak hjpr~s i~}n~l sniala hnfaleiak+ Rama aai sehi~s jw~iase , rpjm~hse ns}pameji ahak lnk~p~k salrae }e}eh }npnkmaf) }n}are hapnka rnkcap~f fjpljk G_F ns}pameji ahak l~iae lnkekcha}+ _n`ni~l gasn lem ouoin hamap ns}pameji me`aaf >2 rc*lI) }n}are ahak }np~s
11
lnkekcha} sndaiak mnkcak rnla}akcak jw~l+ Ns}pameji ahak lnkoarae r~koahkua sn`nsap 0>2,>22 rc*lI rama fape hn 1?,1> sehi~s jw~iase+ Rama gasn i~}nai) hamap ns}pjcnk ahak lnk~p~k salrae 10> rc*lI+ Rpjcns}npjk uakc mefaseihak jinf hjpr~s i~}n~l `npsala,sala mnkcak ns}pjcnk ahak lnl`npehak ~lrak `aieh knca}eg rama ferj}aial~s mak ferjgesn ak}nkejp+ Hamap me`aaf ?2 rc*lI lnk~kd~hak hnamaak jiecjlnkjpn a}a~ alnkjpn sn`acae ekmehase hncacaiak cjkam+ Fjpljk ns}pameji mernkcakefe jinf pe}ln sephameak uae}~ amakua wapease me~pkai rama ake}a rasoa lnkjra~sn uakc mernphepahak+ hapnka amakua wapease rama hninkdap ampnkai+ Hamap ns}pjcnk lnkekcha} rama hnamaak jw~iase) hnfaleiak) r~`np}as rpnhjhs) ceknhjlas}ea) a}pjre }ns}es) }~ljp jwape~l+) mak }~ljp ampnkai+ Hamapkua ahak lnk~p~k rama hnamaak lnkjra~sn) mesg~kcse jwape~l) ekgnp}eie}as) sekmpjla }~pknp) alnkjpna ahe`a} ferjre}~e}ape) akjpnhsea knpwjsa) hnamaak s}pns) mak sekmpjla }ns}eh~iap gnpkekesase rama ake}a+ Gah}jp ek}npgnnpkse uakc lnkekcha}hak ns}pjcnk amaiaf rpnrapa} ns}pjcnk) hjk}pasnrse jpai) mak hnfaleiak+ _np}a uakc lnk~p~khak hamapkua uae}~ j`a} oijlerfnkn+
10
Cal`ap 0+= @ejsek}nses fjpljk s}npjem Rpjcns}npjk
Rpjcns}npjk `npsala,sala mnkcak ns}pjcnk lnlncakc rnpakak rnk}ekc maial pnc~iase snhs fjpljk ake}a+ Rama ake}a) rpncknkjijk me~`af lnkdame rpjcns}npjk a}a~ 13a, fempjhserpncknkjijkn mak rnp~`afak eke }npcak}~kc mape gasn jw~iase melaka rpjcns}npjk mesnhpnse jinf hjpr~s i~}n~l maial d~liaf uakc `nsap+ Rpjcns}npjk d~ca lnp~rahak rpnh~psjp ~k}~h }ns}j}npjk mak ns}pjcnk) rama saa} }npdame ln}a`jiesln 13α,fempjhserpjcns}npjk lnkdame mnfempjnreakmpjs}npjk uakc mehjkwnpse lnkdame = akmpjs}nknmejk mnkcak `ak}~ak nktel 13α fempjhseiasn rpncknkjijk+ Rama aai lnks}p~ase mak gasn gjieh~iap hamap rpjcns}npjk snhe}ap 1 kc*lI+ Rama saa} snhpnse IF) hjksnk}pase rpjcns}npjk mara} `np}afak sniala =,> fape me maial riasla mak lnkoarae r~koahkua uae}~ sn`nsap 12,02 kc*lI
1?
sniala gasn i~}nai+ Rnkc~h~pak rpjcns}npjk me maial riasla mara} mec~kahak ~k}~h lnljke}jp hnamaak jw~iase+ Deha hjksnk}pase rpjcns}npjk in`ef mape =,> kc*lI l~kchek s~maf }npdame jw~iase+ Rpjcns}npjk `nprnpak me maial jpcak pnrpjm~hse }nplas~h hninkdap lalan mak nkmjln}pe~l snp}a rnkekcha}hak s~f~ }~`~f lak~sea+ Jpcak }apcn} rpjcns}npjk uakc iaek amaiaf ~}np~s) melaka rpjcns}npjk lnl`ak}~ elriak}ase jw~l+ _niala hnfaleiak rpjcns}npjk lnlrnp}afakhak riasnk}a) lnkcfal`a} hjk}pah}eie}as ~}np~s mak lnlrnpsearhak lalan ~k}~h rpjsns iah}ase+ Hamalua lnkekcha} rama hnfaleiak) jw~iase) hes}a jwape~l) }~ljp ampnkai) }~ljp jwape~l) ljia fema}emjsa+ Mak lnk~p~k rama hnamaak aljkjpna)
a`jpse
lnkcakoal)
mak
hnla}eak
dakek+
Gah}jp
uakc
lnlrnkcap~fe rnlnpehsaak fjpljk rpjcns}npjk amaiaf rnkcc~kaak s}npjem) rpjcns}npjk) mak hjk}pasnrse jpai+ ]ns}js}npjk
]ns}j}npjk a}a~ akmpjcnk lnp~rahak fjpljk snhs s}npjem uakc mjlekak rama rpea+ Fjpljk eke lnlr~kuae `npa} ljinh~i 066)=1 Mai}jk+ Rpjsns sek}nses }ns}j}npjk `npiakcs~kc me sni Inumec ek}nps}e}eai rama }ns}es uakc lnl`npehak pnsrjk rama ek}nps}e}eai onii s}el~ia}ekc fjpljkn &EO_F) a}a~ uakc in`ef mehnkai mnkcak i~}neketekc fjpljkn%+ Rama rpea sn`aceak mefempjs}ns}j}npjk me`nk}~h me dapekcak rnpegnp+ Me maial aiepak mapaf }ns}j}npjk }npeha} jinf rpj}nek snp~l mak sn`aceak }emah }npeha} &~k`j~km%+ _n`akuah 72. }ns}j}npjk }npeha} h~a} mnkcak `ekmekc rpj}nek ~}ala uae}~ _FC@ mak snhe}ap ?6. }npeha} inlaf mnkcak ai`~lek mak ojp}esji `ekmekc cij`~iek+ _nhe}ap 0. seph~iase }ns}j}npjk }emah }npeha} jinf rpj}nek snp~l }n}are las~h hn maial sn}+ Rama rpea) }ns}j}npjk lnlncakc rnpakak rnk}ekc maial megnpnksease ses}nl jpcak uakc cnke}ai rpea rama saa} rnp}~l`~fak gn}~s) rnp}~l`~fak mak g~kcse jpcak uakc mernpkcap~fe jinf }ns}j}npjk snrnp}e shpj}~l) nrememeles) was mngnpnks) wnseha snlekaies) rpjs}a}) mak rnkes+ ]ns}j}npjk d~ca `nprnpak maial rnp}~l`~fak jpcak shnin}ai) iapekc uakc `nprnpak maial rnl`nk}~hhak s~apa rama+ rpea mak hap}eiacj nregeseai snp}a lnlrnkcap~fe rnp}~l`~fak pal`~}
1=
rama manpaf r~`es) aveiia) dakcc~}) dal`akc) mama) a`mjlnk) mak manpaf r~kcc~kc) ah}ewe}as hninkdap sn`asna) mak rnp~`afak }ekchaf iah~+ Rama ake}a uakc kjplai) jwape~l ahak lnlrpjm~hse }ns}j}npjk maial d~liaf uakc snmehe} uae}~ h~pakc mape ?2lc sniala 0= dal+ ]ns}j}npjk `nprnpak maial rpjsns rnp}~l`~fak pal`~} sniala lasa r~`np}as+ Rnkecha}ak }ns}j}npjk uakc `npin`ef ahak lnkun`a`hak alnkjpna) rnp}~l`~fak pal`~} mak hninkdap sn`asna uakc `npin`ef+ Hamap akmpjcnk lnkekcha} rama feps~s}esln) alnkjpna ferj}aial~s) mak }~ljp sni snp}jie+ Mak lnk~p~k rama akmpjra~sn) sekmpjl hiekngni}np) ariasea sni inumec) mak opur}jpofemesl+
0+0+0+ _ehi~s Lnks}p~ase
Faem &lnks}p~ase% eaiaf rnpmapafak uakc sehieh mape ~}np~s sn`acae }akma `afa aia} hakm~kcak lnk~kaehak gaaikua+ Rakdakc sehi~s faem eaiaf dapah ak}apa }akccai l~iaekua faem uakc iai~ mak l~iaekua faem uakc `ap~+ Fape l~iaekua rnpmapafak mekalahak fape rnp}ala sehi~s+ Rakdakc sehi~s faem uakc kjplai a}a~ sehi~s meakccar sn`acae sehi~s uakc hiaseh eaiaf 06 fape) }n}are wapeasekua o~h~r i~as) `~hak sada ak}apa `n`npara ake}a }n}are d~ca rama ake}a uakc sala+ D~ca rama hahah `npameh `afhak sa~mapa hnl`ap) sehi~skua sniai~ }emah sala+ In`ef mape 52. ake}a lnlr~kuae sehi~s lnks}p~ase ak}apa 0= salrae ?> fape+ Iala faem `easakua ak}apa ? ‟ 7 fape) ama uakc 1 ‟ 0 fape mak meeh~}e mapaf snmehe} snmehe} hnl~meak) mak ama uakc salrae 3 ‟ 6 fape+ Rama sn}ear ake}a `easakua iala faem e}~ }n}ar+ H~pakc in`ef >2. mapaf lnks}p~ase mehni~aphak maial 0= dal rnp}ala+ Oaepak lnks}p~ase }npmepe mape a~}jieses g~kcsejkai) nv~ma} ekgialase) sni mapaf lnpaf) mak nktul rpj}njie}eh+ _ehi~s lnks}p~ase kjplai rama lak~sea mara} me`ace lnkdame m~a snclnk4 sehi~s jwape~l mak sehi~s ~}np~s+ _ehi~s jwape~l in`ef iakd~} me`ace lnkdame gasn gjiieh~iap mak gasn i~}nai)
lnkcekca} sehi~s ~}np~s d~ca me`ace sns~ae gasn
rpjiegnpase mak snhpnse+ _ehi~s jwape~l mecjijkchak snrnp}e4
1>
Gasn Gjieh~iap) ~lrak `aieh fjpljkai lnkun`a`hak la}akc gjiehni rama }nkcaf sehi~s mak lnlrnpsearhak ~k}~h jw~iase+ H~pakc in`ef rakdakc rfasn gjieh~inp ak}apa 12 salrae 1= fape+
Gasn I~}nai) ah}~ mape jw~iase salrae aai lnks}p~ase) mnkcak ah}~ h~pakc in`ef 1= fape+ _es}nl nkmjhpek uakc lnkcase sehi~s faem lnp~rahak rpjsns uakc
ladnl~h+
Nkmjln}pe~l
mernkcap~fe
snoapa
sehieh
jinf
ns}pjcnk
mak
rpjcns}npjkn) mak fjpljk s}npjem eke jinf fjpljk cjkamj}pjrek mape amnkjferjgeses+ _~a}~ ses}nl uakc }npmepe a}as pninasekc fjpljkn mape ferj}aial~s) ta} eke meaiephak hn amnkjferjses lniai~e rnl`~i~f rjp}ai ferj}aial~s ferjgeses+ _es}nl hnm~a lnp~rahak lnhakesln ~lrak `aieh s}npjem+ Rnp}~l`~fak gjiehni4 L~ia l~ia sni,sni snhnieiekc jw~l `npiera} cakma) hnl~meak meak}apa sni, sni eke }el`~i sn`~af pjkcca uakc `npese oaepak eaiaf) ieq~jp gjiieo~ie+ Jw~l snkmepe }npmnsah hn rekccep mak }npmara} me }nkcaf }~lr~hak sni uakc lnkjkdji hn maial pjkcca gjiehni+ ]~lr~hak sni mnkcak sni }ni~p memaialkua mesn`~} o~l~i~s jjrfjp~s+ Ak}apa sni }ni~p mak sni snhe}apkua }npmara} tjka rnii~tema+ _ni sni cpak~ijsa iaekkua uakc lnl`a}ase p~akc gjiehni mesn`~}
lnl`pak
cpak~ijsa+ Mnkcak }~l`~fkua gjiehni dapekcak jwape~l snhe}ap gjiehni }npsn`~} }npmnsah hni~ap mak lnl`nk}~h 0 iaresak eaiaf
}fnoa ek}npka uakc `akuah
lnkcakm~kc rnl`~i~f mapaf mak }fnoa nv}npka uakc }npmepe mape dapekcak eha} uakc rama}+ Gjiehni uakc lasah eke mesn`~} gjiehni mn cpaag + Gjiehni mn Cpaag lnkcfaseihak ns}pjcnk melaka }nlra} rnl`~a}akkua }npmara} me }fnoa ek}npka+ _n`ni~l r~`np}as gjiehni mn cpaag fakua }npmara} rama iaresak maial mape hjp}nh jwape~l mak }n}ar }ekccai me iaresak }npsn`~}+ _n}niaf r~`np}as d~ca }np`nk}~h me iaresak i~ap mape hjp}nh+ Hapnka ieq~jp gjieh~ie }np`nk}~h }np~s laha }nhakak me maial gjiehni lahek }ekcce) }n}are ~k}~h }npdamekua jw~iase `~hak fakua }npcak}~kc rama }nhakak }ekcce }npsn`~} lniaekhak d~ca fap~s lnkcaiale rnp~`afak rnp~`afak knhpj`ej}eh rama rnpl~haak gjiehni,gjiehni+
17
Rama rnpl~haak jwape~l sni sni lnkdame }eres fekcca rama s~a}~ ah}~ gjiehni ahak rnoaf mak lnkcahe`a}hak hni~apkua
ieq~jp gjieh~ie `npsala
mnkcak jw~lkua uakc mehnieiekce jinf sni,sni o~l~i~s jjrfjp~s+ Hni~apkua sni }ni~p mape
gjiehni mn cpaag mesn`~}
jw~iase+ _n}niaf jw~iase laha sni,sni
cpak~ijsa mape mekmekc gjiehni lnkcaiale rnp~`afak mak lnkcakm~kc ta} apka uakc h~kekc mesn`~} ojpr~s i~}n~l+ Ojpr~s i~}n~l lnkcni~aphak fjpljk uakc mesn`~} rpjcns}npjkn mesalrekc ns}pjcnk+ ]npcak}~kc arahaf }npdame rnl`~afak a}a~ }emah) ojpr~s i~}n~l mara} lnkdame ojpr~s i~}n~l cpaweme}a}~l a}a~ ojpr~s i~}n~l lnks}p~a}ejk~l+ Deha }npdame hjksnrse) ojpr~s i~}n~l merniefapa jinf fjpljk ofjpejk cjkamj}pjrek uakc mefaseihak jinf seksej}pjgj`ias mape hjpejk+
Cal`ap 0+> Rnp}~l`~fak gjiehni
Maial rpjsns }npdamekua jw~iase fap~s ama hnpdasala ak}apa hjp}nhs snpn`pe) ferj}aial~s) ferjgeses) jwape~l) ciakm~ia
}epjemna) ciakm~ia s~rpa
pnkaies mak hninkdap hninkdap nkmjhpek iaekkua+ Uakc lnlncakc rnpakak rnk}ekc maial rpjsns }npsn`~} amaiaf f~`~kcak ak}apa
ferj}aial~s) ferjgeses mak
jwape~l &fujrj}faialeo,re}~e}apu,jwapeak aves%+ ]emah iala sns~maf faem l~iae) rama gasn gjieh~inp meke) `n`npara gjiehni `nphnl`akc jinf rnkcap~f G_F uakc lnkekcha}+ Lnkekcha}kua G_F eke mesn`a`hak jinf pncpnse hjpr~s i~}n~l) snfekcca fjpljk s}npjem `nph~pakc+ Mnkcak `nphnl`akckua gjiehni) rpjm~hse ns}pjcnk lnkekcha}) mak eke lnknhak
13
rpjm~hse G_F+ Rama saa} eke IF d~ca lnkekcha}) kal~k rnpakakkua rama }ekcha} eke fakua lnl`ak}~ rnl`~a}ak ns}pjcnk maial gjiehni+ Rnphnl`akcak gjiehni `npahfep sn}niaf hamap ns}pjcnk maial riasla lnkekcce+ Rama aaikua ns}pjcnk lnkekcce snoapa `npakcs~p akcs~p) hnl~meak mnkcak onra} lnkoarae r~koahkua+ Eke lnl`npehak ~lrak `aieh rjse}eg }npfamar r~sa} sehieh mak mnkcak lnkmamah }npdame r~koah rninrasak IF &IF,s~pcn% rama rnp}nkcafak sehi~s uakc lnkcahe`a}hak }npdamekua jw~iase+ IF uakc lnkekcce e}~ lnkn}ar hepa hepa 0= dal mak lnk~p~k rama gasn i~}nai+ Maial `n`npara dal sn}niaf IF lnkekcha}) ns}pjcnk lnk~p~k mak l~kchek ekeiaf uakc lnkun`a`hak IF lnk~p~k+ Lnk~p~kkua ns}pjcnk l~kchek mesn`a`hak rnp~`afak ljpgjijceh rama gjiehni a}a~ l~kchek d~ca ahe`a} ~lrak `aieh knca}eg uakc rnkmnh mape IF }npfamar ferj}aial~s+ IF,s~pcn uakc o~h~r sada }emah lnkdalek }npdamekua jw~iase) gjiehni fnkmahkua rama }ekcha} uakc la}akc acap mara} mepakcsakc ~k}~h `npjw~iase+ Rnoafkua gjiehni }npdame ak}apa 17 ‟ 0= dal sn}niaf IF,s~pcn+ Rama gasn i~}nai) sn}niaf jw~iase sni sni cpak~iasa lnl`nsap lnl`nk}~h wah~jia mak `np}~lr~h reclnk h~kekc &i~}nek%) gjiehni lnkdame hjpr~s i~}n~l+ Wash~iapesase maial iaresak cpak~ijsn d~ca `np}al`af mak lnkoarae r~koahkua rama fape 6 ‟ 5 sn}niaf jw~iase+ I~}neketnm cpak~ijsn oniis maial hjpr~s i~}n~l lnl`~a} rpjcns}npjk `akuah) mak i~}neketnm }fnoa oniis lnl`~a} r~ia ns}pjcnk uakc `akuah snfekcca hnm~a fjpljk e}~ lnkekcha} rama gasn i~}nai+ L~iae 12 ‟ 10 fape sn}niaf jw~iase hjpr~s i~}n~l lnkcaiale pncpnse `npakcs~p akcs~p mesnp}ae mnkcak `nph~pakckua hareinp hareinp mak meeh~}e jinf lnk~p~kkua snhpnse rpjcns}npjk mak ns}pjcnk+ Lasa fem~r hjpr~s i~}n~l rama lak~sea }emah `npcak}~kc rama fjpljk cjkamj}pjrek+ Rama hnfaleiak fem~rkua hjpr~s i~}n~l mernprakdakc jinf amakua pakcsakcak mape F~lak Ofjpejkeo Cjkamj}pjrek &FOC% uakc me`~a} jinf seksej}pjgj`ias}+ Pakcsakcak eke mel~iae rama r~koah rnphnl`akcak hjpr~s i~}n~l &6 fape rasoa jw~iase%) ah}~
uakc }nra} ~k}~h lnkoncaf
}npdamekua pncpnse i~}nai+ FOC lnlniefapa s}npjemjcnknses rama hjpr~s i~}n~l fekcca 5 ‟ 12 lekcc~ hnfaleiak+ Hnl~meak g~kcse eke meal`ei aief jinf riasnk}a+
16
Cal`ap 0+7 Lnhakesln ~lrak `aieh rama rnl`nk}~hak gjiehni
Nkmjln}pe~l rama sehi~s lnks}p~ase _ehi~s nkmjln}pe~l }npmepe mape = gasn4 1+ Gasn lnks}p~ase a}a~ mnsh~alase Rama lasa eke nkmjln}pe~l meinrashak mape mekmekc ~}np~s mesnp}ae mnkcak rnpmapafak+ Fakua iaresak }eres uakc }ekccai uakc mesn`~} mnkcak s}pa}~l `asain) s}ame~l eke `npiakcs~kc = fape+ Mnkcak faem e}~ hni~ap mapaf) rj}jkcak rj}jkcak nkmjln}pe~l mak
inkmep mape snpweh+ Mapaf }emah
lnl`nh~ hapnka amakua gnplnk uakc lnkoncaf rnl`nh~ak mapaf mak lnkoaephak rj}jkcak rj}jkcak l~hjsa+ Fakua haia~ `akuah mapaf hni~ap laha gnplnk }npsn`~} }emah lnko~h~re fekcca }el`~i `nh~ak `nh~ak mapaf maial mapaf faem+ 0+ Gasn rjs} lnks}p~ase a}a~ s}ame~l pncnknpase I~ha nkmjln}pe~l uakc }npdame ahe`a} rninrasak nkmjln}pe~l snoapa `npakcs~p akcs~p snl`~f mak me}~}~r hnl`aie jinf sniar~} inkmep `ap~ uakc }~l`~f mape sni sni nre}ni hninkdap nkmjln}pe~l+ Rama ah}~ eke }n`ai nkmjln}pe~l ± 2)> ll) s}ame~l s~maf l~iae ah}~ s}ame~l lnks}p~ase mak `npiakcs~kc ± = fape+
15
?+ Gasn ek}nplnks}p~l a}a~ s}ame~l rpjiegnpase Maial gasn eke nkmjln}pe~l }~l`~f lnkdame sn}n`ai ± ?)> ll+ Gasn eke `npiakcs~kc mape fape hn > salrae fape hn 1= mape sehi~s faem+ Gasn rpjiegnpase mara} me`ace maial ? s~`gasn uae}~4 a% Rpjiegnpase meke Gasn rpjiegnpase meke `npiakcs~kc ak}apa fape hn = salrae fape hn 5+ Gasn eke mehnkai mape nre}ni rnpl~haak uakc }eres mak amakua pncnknpase nre}ni) }np~}ala mape l~i~} hninkdap+ Hninkdap hn`akuahak i~p~s) rnkmnh mak snlre}+ @nk}~h hninkdap eke lnp~rahak oepe hfas gasn rpjiegnpase8 sni,sni hninkdap lnkcaiale le}jses+ _n`aceak snmeaak lasef lnk~kd~hhak s~asaka gasn lnks}p~ase melaka }npiefa} rnp~`afak rnp~`afak ekwji~se mape nre}ni hninkdap uakc `np`nk}~h h~`jem+ _}pjla rama} mak sn`aceak lnk~kd~hhak ah}ewe}as le}jses) sni,snikua `np`nk}~h `ek}akc mak ijkdjkc mnkcak }jkdjiak,}jkdjiak akas}jljses+ K~hin~s sni s}pjla pnia}eg `nsap hapnka se}jriasla pnia}eg snmehe}+ `% Rpjiegnpase ahfep Gasn eke `npiakcs~kc rama fape hn 11 salrae fape 1=+ Gasn eke mara} mehnkai mape rnpl~haak hninkdap uakc }emah pa}a mak mnkcak `akuah le}jses+ Ek}e nre}ni hninkdap lnl`nk}~h rsn~mjs}pa}egehase+ _}pjla `np}~l`~f ah}eg mak rama}+ =+ Gasn rpalnks}p~~l a}a~ s}ame~l snhpnse Gasn eke mel~iae sns~maf jw~iase mak `npiakcs~kc mape fape hn 1= salrae hn 06+ Rama gasn eke nkmjln}pe~l hepa hepa
}n}ar }n`aikua) }n}are `nk}~h
hninkdap `np~`af lnkdame rakdakc) `nphni~h hni~h mak lnkcni~aphak cn}af uakc lahek iala lahek kua}a+ Maial nkmjln}pe~l }niaf }np}el`~k ciehjcnk mak har~p uakc hniah mernpi~hak sn`acae lahakak ~k}~h }ni~p uakc me`~afe+ Lnlakc }~d~ak rnp~`afak eke amaiaf ~k}~h lnlrnpsearhak nkmjln}pe~l lnknpela }ni~p uakc me`~afe+ Gasn eke me`ace a}as4
02
a% _nhpnse meke Maial gasn eke nkmjln}pe~l in`ef }eres maperama gasn sn`ni~lkua hapnka hnfeiakcak oaepak) }n`aikua ± = ‟ > ll+ Rama saa} eke mara} me`nmahak `n`npara iaresak) uae}~4
s}pa}~l `asain) uae}~ iaresak nkmjln}pe~l `aceak maial uakc
`np`a}asak mnkcak iaresak lejln}pe~l+ Iaresak eke }emah ah}eg) hno~aie le}jses rama hninkdap+
s}pa}~l srjkcejs~l) uae}~ iaresak }nkcaf `np`nk}~h akualak snrnp}e
srjks+ Eke mesn`a`hak jinf `akuah hninkdap uakc lnin`ap mak `nphni~h,hni~h mak fakua snmehe} s}pjla meak}apakua+
s}pa}~l hjlrah}~l) uae}~ iaresak a}as uakc rama}+ _ai~pak sai~pak
hninkdap snlre}) i~lnkkua `npese snhpn} mak s}pjlakua nmnla+ `% _nhpnse iakd~} Nkmjln}pe~l maial gasn eke }n`aikua > ‟ 7 ll+ Maial gasn eke }npmara} rnkekcha}ak mape gasn snhpnse meke ) mnkcak nkmjln}pe~l sakca} `akuah lnkcakm~kc rnl`~i~f mapaf uakc `nphni~h hni~h mak haua mnkcak ciehjcnk+ Gasn eke sakca} emnai ~k}~h k~}pese mak rnphnl`akcak jw~l+ _e}jriasla sni sni s}pjla `np}al`af+ _ni s}pjla lnkdame sni mnsem~a deha }npdame hnfaleiak+
01
Cal`ap 0+3 _ehi~s lnks}p~ase kjplai
00
MAG]AP R^_]AHA
Ga~oe Ak}fjku n} ai+ 0226+ Fappesjk#s Rpekoerins Jg Ek}npkai Lnmeoekn _nwnk}nnk}f Nme}ejk+ ^_4 LoCpa,Feii Ojlrakens) Eko+ C~u}jk) A+ O+ ' Faii) D+ N+ 1553+ @~h~ Adap Gesejijce Hnmjh}npak+ Dahap}a4 NCO+ _ofjpcn) Djfk n} ai+ 0226+ Seiieal Cuknojijcu+ ^_4 LoCpa,Feii Ojlrakens) Eko+
0?
