TUBERKULOSIS PARU A.PENDAHULUAN Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah e!"aki# $ul#isis#e$ik% e!"ebab ali!& u$u$ adalah i!'eksi da! $e!adi resiko ke$a#ia! #er#i!&&i di seluruh du!ia. eskiu! di A$erika A$erika Serika# a!&ka keadia! TB TB $e!uru!% #e#ai e!"aki# i!i $e!adi lebih $e!i!&ka# $e!i!&ka# di !e&ara lai!. *orld *orld Heal#h Or&a!i+a#i Or&a!i+a#io! o! (*HO) $e$erkiraka $e$erkiraka! ! bah,a - $il"ar ora!& $e$iliki TB la#e! da! &lobal% ada #ahu! -/% e!"aki# i!i $e!e,aska! 0%1 u#a ora!&. 0 Di I!do!esia% e!"ebab e!"ebab dari e!"aki# #uberkulosis aru adalah adalah re!dah!"a s#a!dar hidu (ko!disi eru$aha!% &i+i% da! seba&ai!"a) da! kura!&!"a ke$aua! dala$ 2ara e!&oba#a!. Hasil e!eli#ia! 3KUI ada #ahu! #uuh uluha! #erhada ribua! buruh erusahaa!% e&a,ai ka!#or% $ahasis,a da! elaar% "a!& $e!ala!i e$eriksaa! Roe!#&e! (check-up ( check-up)) se2ara $assal $e!u!ukka! a!&ka "a!& $asih 2uku #i!&&i% "ai#u seki#ar 45 di#e$ui ada!"a kelai!a! "a!& didia&!osis seba&ai roses sesi'ik (#uberkulosis). Sequelae Tuberkulosis
Sequ Sequela elaee TB $eruaka! ko!disi a#olo&is de!&a! berba&ai ko$likasi ada roses e!"e$buha! TB. Disebu# seba&ai sequelae kare!a #eradi se#elah seseora!& di!"a#aka! se$buh de!&a! $e!"isaka! berba&ai kelai!a!. Kelai!a! #ersebu# #ersebu# berua berua chronic respiratory failure (CRF)% (CRF) % kor ul$o!ale da! i!'la$asi aru kro!is. Pa#o'isiolo&i #eradi!"a sequelae TB #erdiri dari &a!&&ua! 'u!&si aru% 6R3% 6R3% hier#e!si ul$o!al da! daa# #eradi i!'eksi seku!der aru kare!a mycosis a#au mycobacaterium non-tuberkulosis "a!& suli# diko!#rol. 4
1
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Sequ Sequela elaee TB daa# daa# #eradi #eradi ada ada e!deri e!deri#a #a "a!& "a!& $e!da $e!daa# a# #erai #erai OAT OAT $auu! #idak. Pe!deri#a TB "a!& di#erai OAT se2ara DOTS $e$iliki elua!& 7%- kali lebih besar $e!&ala$i kelai!a! aru diba!di!&ka! de!&a! e!deri#a la#e! TB. TB. Seda Seda!& !&ka ka! ! e!d e!der eri# i#aa #a! #a!aa OAT OAT "a!& a!& o#i o#i$ $al aka! aka! $e$ $e$er erbu buru ruk k e!"aki#!"a sehi!&&a lebih besar elua!&!"a $e!adi sequelae./ sequelae./ Sequelae daa# #i$bul ada e!deri#a "a!& susceptible "a!& susceptible OAT $auu! resis#e! OAT (DR8TB). 4 Da#a
'rekue!si e!si e!deri# ri#a sequelae
TB $asi $asih h
ber9 ber9ar aria iasi si..
Hara Harada da
$ela elao orka! rka! :5 dari ari /4 kasu asus TB "a!& a!& susceptible OAT OAT aka! $e!&ala$i $e!&ala$i sequelae de!&a! dis#ribusi laki8laki dua kali lebih ba!"ak diba!di!&ka! ,a!i#a. Pasia Pasia!od !od"a "a $elao $elaorka rka! ! rese!# rese!#ase ase "a!& "a!& lebih lebih ba!"a ba!"ak k "ai#u "ai#u 7/5 dari 0-0 0-0 e!deri#a. Seda!&ka! Si!&la $elaorka! /:5 e!deri#a DR8TB $e!"isaka! sequelae.00 sequelae.00 Bahka! Naso $elaorka! se$ua e!deri#a (!;0-) DR8TB $e!adi sequelae TB. or#ali#as e!deri#a sequelae e!deri#a sequelae TB 75 #ia #ahu!. 4 Beberaa Beberaa 'ak#or "a!& $e$e!&aruhi $e$e!&aruhi deraa# kelai!a! aru ada sequelae ada sequelae TB dia!#ara!"a beraa kali #erke!a TB% rokok% s$ear% durasi #erai% da! &a$bara! radiolo&is. Seora!& "a!& $e!deri#a TB berula!& kali aka! $e$erarah kelai!a! aru!"a. Seora!& "a!& er#a$a kali #erke!a TB aka! $e!&ala$i kelai!a! aru sebesar 0<5 da! aka! $aki! $e!i!&ka# kelai!a!!"a ada eisode kedua (-15) da! da! ke#i ke#i&a &a (475 (475). ). Ri,a Ri,a"a "a## $ero $eroko kok k $e$ $e$er era arah rah kela kelai! i!a! a! aru aru sehi! sehi!&& &&aa kelai!a! kelai!a! aru ada erokok erokok lebih #a$ak diba!di!&k diba!di!&ka! a! de!&a! de!&a! !o!8erok !o!8erokok. ok. S$ear "a!& osi#i' $e!u!ukka! ada!"a ku$a! TB. aki! ba!"ak ku$a! TB $aka $aka reaksi reaksi i!'la$ i!'la$asi asi $aki! $aki! heba# heba# da! kerusa kerusaka! ka! are!k are!ki$ i$ $aki! $aki! bera#. bera#.07 07
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
#erai% da! sediki#!"a erbaika! radiolo&is se#elah #erai OAT $eruaka! 'ak#or "a!& u&a bere!&aruh #erhada kelai!a! aru. 4 eka!is$e eka!is$e #eradi!"a kelai!a! a#olo&is a#olo&is sequelae TB berkai#a! de!&a! alur i$u!olo&i. Remodeling $erua $eruaka! ka! e!"eb e!"ebab ab kelai! kelai!a! a! aru aru "a!& "a!& belu$ belu$ daa# daa# diela dielaska ska! ! se2ara se2ara $e$uask $e$uaska!. a!. Remodeling #ersebu# berua ka9i#as "a!& $e!"e$buh% 'ibrosis% da! bro!kiek#asis. =ra!ulo$a $eruaka! $ikrobak#erisidal e'isie! "a!& $e!"ebabka! $a#riks eks#raselular berakhir #a!a scarring #a!a scarring . Reso!s o#e!# dari I3N>? $e$i2u #eradi!"a 'ibrosis. Pada ko!disi e!"aki# TB "a!& ro&resi' daa# #eradi disre&ulasi &ra!ulo$a% e!&keua! !ekrosis% da! scar a#olo&is.4 Ku$a! TB "a!& $asuk ke salura! !aas di'a&osi#osis oleh $akro'a&. akro'a& $era!&sa!& sel T e'ek#or $e$roduksi ke$oki! "a!& $e!"ebabka! kaskade si#oki! da! $e!arik $akro'a& lai! ser#a sel T $e!uu #e$a# i!'eksi. Terbe!#uk eksudasi las$a da! bekua! 'ibri!. Reso!s Th- daa# $e$erburuk kerusa kerusaka! ka! ari!&a ari!&a! ! de!&a! de!&a! $e!i!& $e!i!&ka# ka#!"a !"a e'ek a#olo a#olo&is &is TN38@
[email protected] Pada Pada TB ri$er% $obilisasi !eu#ro'il oli$or' ke #e$a# i!'la$asi $e$i2u !ekrosis kaseosa% reaksi sel li$'osi#% his#iosi# da! Giant cel "a!& biasa!"a diiku#i 'ibrosis $ural. $ural. Pada TB post ri$er e!"aki# aka! #erus berke$ba!&% 'okus erada!&a! da! !ekros !ekrosis is $aki! $aki! $eluas $eluas da! daa# daa# $e!2a $e!2aai ai salura! salura! !aas. !aas. Proses Proses #erus #erus berala! hi!&&a #eradi erosi salura! !aas sa$ai #eradi!"a #eradi! "a robeka! leura "a!& $e!"ebabka! e$"e$a TB. 4 Ku$a! TB $e!"ebabka $e!"ebabka! ! berba&ai berba&ai erubaha! erubaha! his#oa#olo his#oa#olo&i% &i% a#olo&is a#olo&is
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
$e!"eb $e!"ebabk abka! a! eruba erubaha! ha! a#olo a#olo&i &i da! a!a#o$ a!a#o$ii "a!& "a!& er$a! er$a!e! e! ada ada s#ruk#u s#ruk#ur r bro!kial da! are!ki$. a!& #er$asuk erubaha! #ersebu# adalah dis#orsi bro!ko9askular% bro!kiek#asis% e$'ise$a#ous% s#e!osis bro!kial da! 'ibrosis. TB aru aka! $erusak are!ki$ $elalui $eka!is$e u8re&ulasi da! disre&ulasi berba&ai ro#ease. Sequel Sequelae ae TB daa# #eradi ada #oraks $auu! diluar #oraks "a!& daa# dikelo$okka! $e!adi beberaa kelai!a!. 4 0. Pare!k Pare!ki$ i$ #uberk #uberkulo ulo$a% $a% ka9i#as ka9i#as berdi! berdi!di! di!& & #iis% #iis% sika#ri sika#rik% k% destroyed destroyed lung % aser&ilo$a% da! 6a bro!ko&e!ik. -. Salura! !aas s#e!osis #rakeobro!kial da! bro!koli#iasis. 4. Caskuler ar#eri#is ul$o!er bro!kial% #hro$bosis% dila#asi ar#eri bro!kial% da! a!euris$a ras$u!se!. .
edi edias as#i #i!u !u$ $
kals kalsi' i'ik ikas asii
eso'a& eso'a&o$ o$ed edia ias#i s#i!a !al% l%
'is#u 'is#ula la
li$' li$'o! o!od odi% i%
ele eleba bara ra! !
eso'a& eso'a&ob obro ro!k !kial ial%%
eks# eks#ra ra
eri erika kard rdi# i#is is
!odu !odul% l%
'is# 'is#ul ulaa
ko!s ko!s#r #rik ik#i #i'% '%
da! da!
$edias#i!i#is 'ibro#ik. 7. Pleura e$"e$a kro!is% 'ibro#oraks% 'is#ula bro!koleura% da! !eu$o#oraks. :. Di!di!& dada TB kos#a% so!dili#is TB da! ke&a!asa! #erkai# e$"e$a kro!is. Pe!d Pe!der eri# i#aa sequelae TB susceptible OAT OAT $e!&elu $e!&eluhka hka! ! &eala &eala ba#uk% ba#uk% $e!&i% $e!&i% berdahak da! sesak. Se$e!#ara "a!& resis#e! OAT $e!"isaka! &eala sesak% ba#uk berdahak% ba#uk darah% !"eri dada% &a!&&ua! e!de!&ara!% #i!!i#us% da! bada! le$ah. =eala sisa e!deri#a DR8TB lebih ba!"ak da! bera&a$. 4 Sequelae
TB $e!" $e!"eb ebab abka ka! !
kela kelai! i!a! a! 'u!& 'u!&si si aru aru "a!& a!&
berb berbed eda. a.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
obs#ruksi (075) da! 2a$ura! (045)./ 6hu!& $elaorka! kelai!a! obs#ruksi (<%:5) lebih $e!do$i!asi diiku#i res#riksi (/%45) $auu! 2a$ura! (/%45).0 Si!&la $elaorka! kelai!a! 2a$ura! (::5) diiku#i res#riksi (0/5) da! obs#ruksi (005). Naso $elaorka! ada e!deri#a DR8TB $e!&ala$i &a!&&ua! 'aal aru berua kelai!a! 2a$ura! (175) da! obs#ruksi (-75).4 Kelai!a! Kelai!a! res#riksi didaaka! didaaka! ada sequelae TB de!&a! kelai!a! leura seer#i e$"e$ e$"e$aa kro!is kro!is%% 'ibro# 'ibro#ora oraks% ks% 'is#ula 'is#ula bro!ko bro!kole leura ura%% !eu$o !eu$o#ora #oraks% ks% kelai! kelai!a! a! di!di!& dada (seer#i TB kos#a% so!dili#is TB) da! ka9i#as. Kelai!a! obs#ruksi dida didaa a#i #i
ada ada
a#el a#elek ek#a #asi sis% s%
bro! bro!ki kiek ek#a #asi sis% s%
s#e! s#e!os osis is
#rak #rakeo eobr bro! o!ki kial al
da! da!
bro!koli#iasis.4 =a$bara =a$bara! ! radiol radiolo&i o&iss sequelae TB berua berba&ai kelai!a! #er&a!#u!& e!is sequelae8!"a sequelae8!"a da! kada!& $e!"eruai e!"aki# lai!. =a$bara! radiolo&is $e$iliki kesesuaia! de!&a! kelai!a! 'u!&si aru. Pe!deri#a sequelae TB de!&a! &a!&&ua! 'aal aru bera# #a$ak #a $ak ada e!deri#a de!&a! &a$bara! radiolo&is "a!& bera# ula. Ra$os $e$ba&i 'o#o ro!#&e! #oraks $e!adi e!a$ +o!a% "ai#u aeks aru% basal aru da! dia!#ara kedua!"a $asi!&8$asi!& ka!a! da! kiri. =a!&&ua! 'aal bera# #a$ak ada e!deri#a de!&a! kelai!a! radiolo&is ada #i&a +o!a a#au lebih de!&a! a#au #a!a ka9i#as. Sebalik!"a Sebalik!"a &a$bara! radiolo&is radiolo&is kura!& kura!& dari i#u $e!u!ukka! hasil 'aal aru !or$al. 3ak#or lai! #erkai# outcome radiolo&is "ai#u elek "ai#u usia #ua% ,a!i#a% durasi &eala "a!& la$a% dia&!osa "a!& #erla$ba#% ke#idaka#uha! beroba#% ri,a"a# TB sebelu$!"a% da! 'ak#or ko$orbid lai!. 4 B. EPIDEIOLO=I
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Or&a!isasi Keseha#a! $e$erkiraka! bah,a ada #ahu! -00% ada <%1 u#a kasus i!side i!side! ! TB% TB% 0% u#a ke$a#i ke$a#ia! a! akiba# akiba# TB.Eide$iolo Eide$iolo&i &i TB ber9ariasi ber9ariasi se2ara subs#a!sial di seluruh du!ia. Ti!&ka# #er#i!&&i (0 0. a#au lebih #i!&&i) "a!& "a!& dia$a#i dia$a#i ada ada sub8Sa sub8Sahar haraa A'rik A'rika% a% I!dia% I!dia% 6hi!a% 6hi!a% da! ulau8 ulau8ula ulau u di Asia Te!&&ara da! ikro!esia. Di Suda! Sela#a!% dierkiraka! 0<.7 ora!& #eri!'eksi TB% da! 7.4 $e!i!&&al kare!a TB se#ia #a hu!!"a. Berdasarka! laora! *HO dala$ =lobal Reor# -/% ada #ahu! -< I!do!esia berada ada eri!&ka# 7 du!ia e!deri#a TB #erba!"ak se#elah I!dia% 6hi!a% 6hi!a% A'rika Sela#a! da! Ni&eria. Peri!&ka# Peri!&ka# i!i #uru! diba!di!&ka diba!di!&ka! ! #ahu! -1 "a!& $e!e$a#ka! $e!e$a#ka! I!do!esia ada osisi ke84 kasus TB #erba!"ak #erba!"ak se#elah I!dia da! 6hi!a. : 6. ETIOLO=I Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah sua#u e!"aki# i!'eksi $e!ular "a!& disebabka! oleh Mycobacterium oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M!). (M!) . Ku$a! ba#a!& aerobik da! #aha! asa$ i!i% $eruaka! or&a!is$e a#o&e! $auu! saro'i#. Ada beberaa $ikrobak#eria a#o&e! % #e##ai #e##a i ha!"a s#rai! s#r ai! bo9i! da! hu$a! "a!& a#o&e!ik #erhada $a!usia. Basil #uberkel i!i berukura! %4 F - sa$ai G$% ukura! i!i lebih ke2il dari sa#u sel darah $erah.1 D. PATO=ENESIS Pe!u Pe!ula lara ra! ! #ube #uberk rkul ulos osis is aru aru #er #erad adii
kare kare!a !a ku$a ku$a! !
diba diba#u #ukk kka! a! a#au a#au
dibersi dibersi!ka !ka! ! keluar keluar $e!adi $e!adi droplet droplet nuclei dala$ dala$ udara udara seki#ar seki#ar ki#a. Par#ik Par#ikel el i!'eksi i!i daa# $e!e#a dala$ udara bebas sela$a 08- a$% #er&a!#u!& ada ada #idak!"a si!ar ul#ra9iole#% 9e!#ilasi "a!& buruk da! kele$baba!. Dala$ suasa!a
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
ar#ikel i!'eksi i!i #erisa oleh ora!& seha#% ia aka! $e!e$el ada salura! s alura! !aas a#au ari!&a! aru. Par#ikel daa# $asuk ke al9eolar bila ukura! ar#ikel 7 $ikro$e#er. Ku$a! aka! dihadai er#a$a kali oleh !eu#ro'il% ke$udia! baru oleh $akro'a&. Keba!"aka! ar#ikel i!i aka! $a#i a#au dibersihka! oleh $akro'a& keluar dari er2aba!&a! #rakeobro!kial bersa$a &eraka! silia de!&a! sekre#!"a. Bila Bila ku$a! ku$a! $e!e#a $e!e#a di ari!&a ari!&a! ! aru% aru% berke$ berke$ba! ba!& & biak biak dala$ dala$ si#o8l si#o8las$ as$aa $akro'a&. Di si!i ia daa# #erba,a $asuk ke or&a! #ubuh lai!!"a. Ku$a! "a!& bersara!& di ari!&a! aru aka! ber8be!#uk sara!& #uberkulosis !eu$o!ia ke2il da! disebu# disebu# sara!& sara!& ri$er ri$er a#au a'ek ri$er ri$er a#au sara!& sara!& ('okus ('okus)) Ghon. Ghon. Sara!& ri$er i!i daa# #eradi di se#ia ba&ia! ari!&a! aru. Bila $e!alar sa$ai ke leura% $aka #eradilah e'usi leura. Ku$a! daa# u&a $asuk $elalui salura! &as#roi!#es#i!al% ari!&a! li$'e% oro'ari!&% da! kuli#% #eradi li$'ade!oa#i re&io!al ke$udia! bak#eri $asuk ke dala$ 9e!a da! $e!alar ke seluruh or&a! seer#i aru% o#ak% &i!al% #ula!&. Bila $asuk ke ar#eri ul$o!alis $aka #eradi e!alara! ke seluruh ba&ia! aru $e!adi TB $ilier.1 E. ANA ANATOI Pada $i!&&u ke8 ari!&a! ei#el ada lari!&% #ra2hea da! aru $ulai berke$ba!& dari e!doder$ 'ore&u#.ari!&a! ika#% o#o# olos% da! e$bululuh darah dari berasal dari $esoder$ di seki#ar!"a. /
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
=a$bar.=a$bar.- erke$ba!&a! #rak#us resira#orius ba&ia! a#as $i!&&u 4Sela$a $i!&&u ke8 da! ke87% lia#a! $ese!ki$ berke$ba!& ada kedua sisi "a!& $e!"a#u ada se#u$ oesoha&o#ra2heale da! $e$isahka! ri$ordiu$ #rak#us resira#orius ba,ah dari oesoha&us. /
=a$bar.4 =a$bar.4 erke$ba!&a! se#u$ s e#u$ oesoha&o#r2heale Dike#ahui ada #i&a #aha erke$ba!&a! aru "a!& seba&ia! #u$a!& #i!dih. 0. Period Periodee seudo&l seudo&la!d a!dular ular ($i!!& ($i!!&u u ke81801) ke81801) Perke$ Perke$ba! ba!&a! &a! ba&ia! ba&ia! #rak#us #rak#us resira# resira#ori orius us "a!& "a!& $elaku $elakuka! ka! ko!duk ko!duksi si udara. -. Period Periodee ka!alik ka!alikular ular ($i!& ($i!&&u &u ke8048 ke8048-:) -:) Perke$ Perke$b!& b!&a! a! a,al a,al ba&ia ba&ia resira resira#ori #orius us (er#u (er#ukar kara! a! &as) &as) ada ada #rak#u #rak#uss resira#orius. 4. Periode Periode al9eolar al9eolar ($i!&&u ($i!&&u ke8-48< ke8-48< #ahu! #ahu! kehidu kehidua!) a!) / Perke$ba!&a! al9eoli.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
=a$bar. Taha erke$ba!&a! aru AeF aru $e!o!ol ke leher. AeF i!i daa# di e#aka! ada er$ukaa! a!#erio a!#eriorr #ubuh #ubuh de!&a! de!&a! $e$bua $e$bua## &aris &aris $ele!& $ele!&ku! ku!& & da! ko!9e ko!9eks ks ke a#as% a#as% dari dari ar#i2ula#io s#er!o2la9i2ularis sa$ai ke#i#ik "a!& arak!"a -%7 2$ dia#as ba#as la#eral dari seer#i&a ba&ia! $edial 2la9i2ula. ar&o ar&o a!#erio a!#eriorr ul$o ul$o deF#er deF#er di$ula di$ulaii dari dari belaka belaka!& !& ar#i2ul ar#i2ula#io a#io s#er!o s#er!o 2la9i2ul 2la9i2ulari ariss da! berala berala! ! keba,a keba,ah h sa$ai sa$ai ha$ir ha$ir $e!2a $e!2aai ai &aris &aris #e!&ah #e!&ah di belaka!& a!&ulus s#er!i. Ke$udia! dila!u#ka! keba,ah sa$ai $e!2aai s"$"h"sis s"$"h"sis Fios#er!alis. Fios#er!alis. Pi!&&ir Pi!&&ir a!#erior a!#erior aru kiri $e$u!"ai $e$u!"ai erala!a! "a!& sa$a% sa$a% #e#ai #e#ai se#i!&& se#i!&&ii 2ar#ila& 2ar#ila&o o 2os#ali 2os#aliss IC $ar&o $ar&o i!i berbel berbelok ok kela#er kela#eral al da! berala! $e!auhi i!&&ir la#eral s#er!u$ de!&a! arak "a!& berbeda beda u!#uk
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
9er#eb 9er#ebrali ralis. s. Perlu Perlu dike#ah dike#ahui ui bah,a bah,a ke#i!& ke#i!&&ia! &ia! $ar&o $ar&o i!'eri i!'erior or ul$o ul$o beruba berubah h sela$a i!sirasi da! eksirasi. ar&o os#erior ul$o berala! #uru! dari ro2essus si!osus 9er#ebra 2er9i2alis CII sa$ai se#i!&&i 9er#ebra #hora2i2a da! #er le#ak seki#ar0%7 i!2i ( 2e!#i$e#er ) dari &aris #e!&ah. 3issura obliJua aru daa# di#u!uka! adda er$ukaa! #ubuh de!&a! $e!&&a $e!&&a$ba $barr &aris &aris dari dari a!&ka a!&kall si!a si!a s2aula s2aula $iri!& $iri!& keba,a keba,ah% h% la#eral la#eral % da! a!#erior $e!&iku#i erala!a! 2os#a CI sa$ai ar#i2ula#io 2os#o 2ho!dralis CI. Pada aru kiri% lobus lobus suerior suerior #erle#ak dia#as da! a!#erior &aris i!i% lobus i!'erior #erle#ak diba,ah da! os#erior &aris i!i. Pada aru ka!a! #erdaa# 'issura #a$baha! % 'issura hori+o!#alis % "a!& daa# dilukiska! de!&a! $e!&&a$bar &aris hori+o!#al sea!a!& &aris 2os#a IC sa$ai sa$ai bero# bero#o!& o!&a! a! de!&a! de!&a! 'issura 'issura obliJu obliJuaa ada ada li!ea li!ea aFilari aFilariss $edia. $edia. Dia#as Dia#as 'issura hori+o!#alis #erle#ak lobus suerior da! di ba,ah &aris i!i #erle#ak lobus $edius% di ba,ah da! os#erior #erhada 'issura obliJua #erdaa# lobus i!'erior. Se&$e!#a bro!2houl$o!ali $eruaka! u!i# aru se2ara a!a#o$i% 'u!&si% da! e$bedaha!. Se#ia bro2hus lobaris ( seku!der ) "a!& berala! ke lobus aru $e$er2 $e$er2aba aba!&k !&ka! a! bro!2h bro!2hii se&$e! se&$e!#ali #aliss ( #er#ier #er#ier ) . se#ia se#ia bro!2u bro!2uss ul$o! ul$o!ali aliss
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Se#elah $asuk se&$e!#a bro!2houl$o!alis% bro!2hus se&$e!#alis se&era $e$belah. Pada saa# bro!2hi $e!adi lebih ke2il 2ar#ila&o berbe!#uk U "a!& di#e$ui di#e$ui $ulai dari #ra2hea erlaha! laha! di&a!#i de!&a! 2ar#ila&o ire&uler "a!& lebih lebih ke2il ke2il da! sediki sediki## u$lah u$lah!" !"a% a% bro!2h bro!2hii "a!& "a!& ali!& ali!& ke2il ke2il $e$bel $e$belah ah dua dua $e!ad $e!adii bro!2h bro!2hiol ioli% i% "a!& "a!& dia$e# dia$e#er!" er!"aa kura!& kura!& dari dari 0 $$. $$. Bro!2h Bro!2hiol iolii #idak #idak $e$iliki 2ar#ila&o didala$ di!di!&!"a da! diba#asi oleh ei#el sili!dris bersilia. ari!&a! sub$u2osa $e$u!"ai laisa! serabu# o#o# olos $eli!&kar "a!& u#uh. Bro!2h Bro!2hioli ioli ke$udi ke$udia! a! $e$bel $e$belah ah $e!ad $e!adii bro!2h bro!2hiol iolii #er$i!al #er$i!alis is "a!& "a!& $e$u!"ai ka!#o!& ka!#o!& le$bu# ada di!di!&!"a. Per#ukara! &as da! udara #eradi ada di!di!& ka!#o!& ka!#o!& #ersebu#% oleh kare!a i#u ka!#o!& ka!#o!& le$bu# di!a$aka! bro!2hiolis resira#orius. Dia$e#er bro!2hiolus resira#orius seki#ar %7 $$. Bro!2hiolus resira#orius berakhir de!&a! er2aba!&a! seba&ai du2#us du2#us al9eolaris al9eolaris "a!& $e!uu kearah e$buluh e$buluh $e$be!#uk ka!#o!& de!&a! di!di!& "a!& #iis disebu# sa22us al9eolaris. Sa22us al9eolaris #erdiri a#as beberaa al9eoli "a!& #erbuka kesua#u rua!&. asi!& $asi!& al9eolus dikelili!&i oleh oleh ari!&a ari!&a! ! kailer kailer "a!& ada# ada# . er#uk er#ukara! ara! &as #eradi #eradi a!#ara udara udara "a!& "a!& #erdaa# di dala$ lu$e! al9eoli % $elalui di!di!& al9eoli kedala$ darah $elalui kailer kailer "a!& "a!& ada diseki diseki#ar! #ar!"a "a../Se&$e!#u$ Se&$e!#u$ bro!2hou bro!2houl$o!a l$o!alia lia u#a$a adalah
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Lobus $edius
. Se Se&$e!#u$ la#erale 7 . Se&$e!#u$ $ediale
Lobus i!'erior
:. Se&$e!#u$ sueriur 1. Se&$e!#u$ basale $ediale <. . Se&$e!#u$ basale /. Se&$e!#u$ basale la#eral 0. Se&$e!#u$ basale os#erius
Pul$o si!is#er Lobus suerior
0. Se&$e!#u$ ai2oos#erius -. se&$e!#u$ a!#erius 4. se&$e!#u$ li!&ulare sueriur . Se&$e!#u$ li!&ulare i!'erius i!'erius 7 . Se&$e!#u$ suerius
Lobus i!'erior
: Se&$e!#u$ basale $ediale
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
ra,a! ra,a! #rakea #rakea be!#uk be!#uk82 82 di&a!# di&a!#ii de!&a! de!&a! le$e!& le$e!& #ula!& #ula!& ra,a!. ra,a!. Se$ua! Se$ua!#ul #ula!& a!& ra,a! di #rake da! aru adalah #ula!& ra,a! hiali!. 00
=a$bar.0 =a$bar.0 His#olo&i aru (a!da!&a! $e!"eluruh) -. Bro! Bro!ku kuss I!#r I!#ra aul ul$o $o!a !arr Trakea ber2aba!& diluar aru8aru da! $e$be!#uk bro!kus ri$er a#au eks#r eks#r ul
Ke#ik Ke#ik
k ke
br
ku
i$
da
!b #uk #uk
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
=a$bar. - bro!kiolus #er$i!alis%bro!kus i!#raul$o!ar% di!di!& al9eolus. =. 3ISIOLO=I 3u!& 3u!&si si u#a$ u#a$aa resi resiras rasii (er (er!a !aa asa! sa!)) adala adalah h $e$e $e$ero role leh h O- u!#u u!#uk k di&u!aka! oleh sel #ubuh da! u!#uk $e!&eluarka! 6O- "a!& diroduksi oleh sel. Resirasi $e!2aku dua roses "a!& #erisah #e#ai berkai#a! Resirasi I!#er!al da! Resirasi Eks#er!al.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
0. Udara Udara se2ara ber&a!#i ber&a!#ia! a! di$asuk di$asuka! a! ke da! dikelu dikeluark arka! a! dari aru sehi!&&a sehi!&&a udara udara daa# dier#ukarka! a!#ara a#$os'er (li!&ku!&a! eks#er!al) da! ka!#u!& udara (al9eolus) aru. -. Oksi& Oksi&e! e! da! da! 6O6O- die dier#u r#uka kark rka! a! a!#a a!#ara ra udara udara dial9 dial9eo eolu luss da! da! darah darah dida didala$ la$ kailer aru$elalui roses di'usi . 4. Darah $e!&a!&ku $e!&a!&ku## O- da! 6O6O- a!#ara a!#ara aru aru da! ari!&a!. ari!&a!. . Oksi&e Oksi&e! ! da! 6O- dier#u dier#ukar karka! ka! a!#ara a!#ara ari!&a! ari!&a! da! darah $elalui $elalui roses roses di'usi di'usi $e!e$bus kailer sis#e$ik (ari!&a!).0H. ANIS3ETASI KLINIK Keluha Keluha! ! "a!& "a!& dirasak dirasaka! a! asie! asie! #uberk #uberkulo ulosis sis daa# daa# ber$a2 ber$a2a$8 a$8$a2a $a2a$ $ a#au a#au $ala $alah h ba!" ba!"ak ak asi asie! e! di#e$ di#e$uk uka! a! TB aru aru #a! #a!aa kelu keluha ha! ! sa$a sa$a sekal sekalii dala$ dala$ e$eriksaa! keseha#a!. Keluha! "a!& #erba!"ak adalah 0. De$a$ Biasa!"a Biasa!"a sub'ebril sub'ebril $e!"eruai $e!"eruai de$a$ i!'lue!+a. Te#ai e#ai kada!&8kada kada!&8kada!& !& daa# $e!2aai 806. Keluha! i!i sa!&a# die!&aruhi bera# a#au ri!&a!!!"a i!'eksi ku$a! ku$a! "a!& "a!& $asuk. $asuk. Sera!& Sera!&a! a! de$a$ de$a$ er#a$ er#a$aa daa# daa# se$buh se$buh sebe!# sebe!#ar% ar% #e#ai
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
=eala i!i a&ak ara!& di#e$uka!. N"eri dada #i$bul bila i!'il#rasi rada!& sudah sa$ai ke leura sehi!&&a $e!i$bulka! $e!i$bulka! leuri#is. leuri#is. Teradi Teradi &eseka! &eseka! kedua kedua leura se,ak#u asie! $e!arik$eleaska! !aas!"a. 7. alaise Pe!"aki Pe!"aki## #uberk #uberkulo ulosis sis bersi'a bersi'a## rada!& rada!& "a!& "a!& $e!ahu $e!ahu!. !. =eala =eala $alaise $alaise seri!& seri!& di#e$uka! berua a!oreksia (#idak ada !a'su $aka!)% bada! $aki! kurus (bera# bada! #uru!)% saki# keala% $eria!&% !"eri o#o#% da! keri!&a# ada $ala$ hari #a!a ak#i9i#as. =eala $alaise i!i $aki! la$a $aki! bera# da! #eradi hila!& #i$bul se2ara #idak #era#ur. < :. *hee+i!& *hee+i!& #eradi kare!a e!"e$i#a! lu$e! e!dobro!kus "a!& disebabka! oleh sekre#% bro!kos#e!osis% kerada!&a!% ari!&a! &ra!ulasi% ulserasi da! lai!8lai! (ada #uberkulosis la!u#). 1
Dis!eu
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
didaa#ka! u&a suara !a'as #a$baha! berua ro!2hi basah% kasar da! !"ari!&. Te#ai bila i!'eksi i!i diliu#i oleh e!ebala! leura% suara !a'as!"a $e!adi 9esikular $ele$ah. <
. PEERIKSAAN PENUNAN=
a. Pe$eriksaa! Labora#oriu$ Darah Pe$eriksaa! Pe$eriksaa! i!i kura!& kura!& $e!daa# $e!daa# erha#ia!% erha#ia!% kare!a hasil!"a hasil!"a kada!&88 kada!&88 kada!& kada!& $era&u $era&uka! ka!%% hasil! hasil!"a "a #idak #idak se!si#i se!si#i'' da! u&a u&a #idak #idak sesi'i sesi'ik. k. Pada Pada saa#
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Su#u$ Pe$eriksaa! su#u$ adalah e!#i!& kare!a de!&a! di#e$uka!!"a ku$a! BTA% dia&!osis #uberkulosis sudah daa# dias#ika!. Di sa$i!& i#u e$eriksaa! su# su#u$ u$ u&a u&a daa# daa# $e$b $e$beri erika ka! ! e9al e9alua uasi si #erh #erhad ada a e!& e!&ob oba#a a#a! ! "a!& "a!& suda sudah h diberik diberika!. a!. Pe$erik Pe$eriksaa! saa! i!i $udah $udah da! $urah $urah sehi!& sehi!&&a &a daa# daa# dikera dikeraka! ka! di laa!& laa!&a! a! (uske (uskes$a s$as). s). Te#ai e#ai kada!& kada!&8ka 8kada! da!& & #idak #idak $udah $udah u!#uk u!#uk $e!da $e!daa# a# su#u$% #eru#a$a asie! "a!& #idak ba#uk a#au ba#uk "a!& !o! roduk#i' Dala$ hal i!i dia!u dia!urka rka! ! sa#u hari hari sebelu$ sebelu$ e$erik e$eriksaa! saa! su#u$ su#u$%% asie! asie! dia!u dia!urka rka! ! $i!u$ air seba!"ak - li#er da! diaarka! $elakuka! $elakuka! re'leks ba#uk. Daa# u&a
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Pe$eriksaa! Roe!#&e! adalah sa!&a# e!#i!& u!#uk dia&!osis #uberkulosis aru.
0. Bila Bila kli!is kli!is ada &eala8&e &eala8&eala ala #uberk #uberkulo ulosis sis aru% aru% ha$ir ha$ir selalu selalu di#e$u di#e$uka! ka! kelai!a! ada 'o#o Roe!#&e!.
-. Bila Bila kli!is kli!is ada ersa!&ka ersa!&kaa! a! #erhada #erhada e!"aki e!"aki## #uberk #uberkulo ulosis sis aru #e#ai #e#ai ada 'os#o Roe!#&e! #idak #erliha# kelai!a!% $aka i!i $eruaka! #a!da "a!& kua# bah,a e!"aki# "a!& dideri#a buka!lah #uberkulosis.
4. Pada Pada e$e e$eri riks ksaa! aa! Roe! Roe!#& #&e! e! ru#i ru#i! ! ($isa ($isal! l!"a "a 2he2 2he2k8 k8u u)) $u!& $u!&ki ki! ! #elah #elah di#e$uka! #a!da8#a!da er#a$a #uberkulosis% ,alauu! kli!is belu$ ada
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
1. Pe$erik Pe$eriksaa! saa! Roe!#&e Roe!#&e! ! e!#i!& e!#i!& u!#uk u!#uk doku$e doku$e!#a !#asi% si% e!e!# e!e!#ua! ua! lokalisas lokalisasii roses
da! #a!da
erbaika!
a#au
erburuka! de!&a! $elakuka!
erba!di!&a! de!&a! 'o#o8'o#o #erdahulu. #erdahulu.
<. Pe$erik Pe$eriksaa! saa! Roe!#& Roe!#&e! e! u&a e!#i!& e!#i!& u!#uk u!#uk e!ilai e!ilaia! a! hasil #i!daka! #i!daka! #erai #erai seer#i !eu$o#horaks ar#i'isial% #orakolas#ik% da! seba&ai!"a.
/. Pe$erik Pe$eriksaa! saa! Roe!# Roe!#&e! &e! #uberk #uberkulo ulosis sis aru saa #idak #idak 2uku da! de,asa de,asa i!i bahka! #idak boleh dilakuka! ha!"a de!&a! 'luoroskoi (dilara!& oleh era#ura!8era#ura! *HO). Pe$bua#a! 'o#o Roe!#&e! adalah sua#u
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
$e$ai! $e$ai!ka! ka! &a$bar &a$bar sebuah sebuah i!#e&r i!#e&ral al "a!& baik
$a$u $a$u $e!e&akk $e!e&akka! a!
dia&!osis "a!& di2uri&ai i!'eksi aru de!&a! $e!&&u!aka! radio&ra'i da! 6T s2a!. 0 0. 3o#o 3o#o ro! ro!#& #&e! e! #ho #hora raF F
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Pe$eriksaa! er#a$a de!&a! s2a! dari #i!&ka# "a!& sa$a. =a$bar 0b (a) da! =a$bar 02 (b) $e!u!ukka! e!i!&ka#a! "a!& si&!i'ika! dala$ kekeruha!. 0<
3.
RI ( Magnetic Magnetic Resonance &maging)
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Gambar.
Pria -< #ahu! de!&a! TB aru% $e!u!ukka! e!"ebara!
bro!ko&e!ik eribro!2hial
da!
erubaha!
i!#ers#i#ial
de!&a!
e!ebala!
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world's largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.