FACUL ACULTAD DE INGENI INGENIERÍ ERÍA A ESCUELA DE INGENIERIA INDUSTRIAL
PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACION SEMICONDUCTORES EL MICROPROCESADOR SU USO E IMPORTANCIA EN LA ACTUALIDAD
CURSO
:
FISICA
DOCENTE
:
FREDY JULIO FLORES MOSCOL
ALUMNO
:
BRICEÑO TELLO, MARYORIE VALDERRAMA ARANDA, JOE
CICLO
:
III
TRUJILLO – PERU PERU 2016
INTRODUCCION DE SEMICONDUCTORES EN LA ACTUALIDAD Sin l!"# " $$"%, &l &%'$i( $& l"% )#()i&$"$&% *+%i"% $& l(% -"'&#i"l&% %&-i(n$'(#&% . %% %(#)#&n$&n'&% ")li"i(n&% &n &l $&%"##(ll( '/ni( $& $i%)(%i'i(% &l/'#i(%, #&)#&%&n '"n n" $& l"% #&(li(n&% i&n'+('&n(l3!i"% $& -".(# i-)"'( %(4#& n&%'#" %(i&$"$5 P"#" '&n&# n" i$&" $& l" #&"l -"!ni'$ $& &%'" #&(li3n )&n%&-(% )(# n -(-&n'( &n l(% '#"n%i%'(#&%, )#(4"4l&-&n'& l"
")li"i3n
'&n(l3!i"
-%
i-)(#'"n'&
$&
l(%
%&-i(n$'(#&%5 C"l7i&# 8"4i'"n'& $&l -n$( -($&#n( %& &n&n'#" #($&"$( ('i$i"n"-&n'& )(# -ill(n&% $& '#"n%i%'(#&%5 E%'n &n &l '&l&i%(#, &n &l &7i)( $& -9%i", &n l" -7in" $& l""#, &n &l #&l( $& )l%&#", &n &l '&l/*(n( &ll"#5 Un (-)'"$(# )&#%(n"l )&$& ll&!"# " '&n&# "l!n(% -il&% $& -ill(n&% $& '#"n%i%'(#&%5 D& 8&8(, &n &l -n$( &;i%'&n -8(% -% '#"n%i%'(#&% 7& )&#%(n"%5 P&#(, n"'#"l-&n'&, n" (%" &% %"# &%'" '&n(l(!+" . ('#" -. $i%'in'" &% &n'&n$&# 3-( ()&#"5 E%'& 9l'i-( &% &l (4&'i( 7& )&#%i!& &%'& 4#&& "#'+l(5 Sin &-4"#!(, $"$" l" n"'#"l&<" "l'"-&n'& &%)&i"li<"$" $&l '&-" . &l #&$i$( &%)"i( $i%)(ni4l& )"#" $&%"##(ll"#l(, %i&-)#& 7& %&" )(%i4l& $&"#&-(% $& l"$( l"% (n%i$&#"i(n&% $& C"#'&# '/ni( 7& (4li!"#+"n " &;'&n$&# l" $i%%i3n -% "ll $& l( )&#'in&n'&5
CAPITULO I: EL MICROPROCESADOR SU USO E IMPORTANCIA EN LA ACTUALIDAD INTRODUCCION: El -i#()#(&%"$(# &% n( $& l(% l(!#(% -% %(4#&%"li&n'&% $&l %i!l( ==5 E%"% %(n )"l"4#"% "'#&i$"%, . 8"& n "#'( $& %i!l( '"l "#-"i3n 8"4#+" )"#&i$( "4%#$"5 P&#( "$" ">(, &l -i#()#(&%"$(# %& "&#" -% "l &n'#( $& n&%'#"% i$"%, *(#n$(%& n %i'i( &n &l n9l&( $& n" -7in" '#"% ('#"5 S )#&%&ni" 8" (-&n<"$( " "-4i"# l" *(#-" &n 7& )&#i4i-(% &l -n$( & inl%( " n(%('#(% -i%-(%5 C"$" &< %& 8"& -% $i*+il )"%"# )(# "l'( &l -i#()#(&%"$(# (-( ('#( %i-)l& )#($'( &n n" l"#!" l+n&" inn("i(n&%, '&n(l3!i"%5Nin!n" ('#" in&ni3n &n l" 8i%'(#i" %& 8" $i%&-in"$( '"n ")#i%" )(# '($( &l -n$( ( 8" '("$( '"n )#(*n$"-&n'& '"n'(% "%)&'(% $& l" &;i%'&ni" 8-"n"5 ?(. &;i%'&n "%i 1@,000 -ill(n&% $& -i#(8i)% $& "l!n" l"%& &n %( &l &7i"l&n'& $& $(% (-)'"$(#"% )($&#(%"% )"#" "$" 8(-4#&, -&# . ni>( $&l )l"n&'"5 D& "#" " &%" #&"li$"$, 7i/n )&$& $$"# 7& &l -i#()#(&%"$(# n( %3l( &%' '#"n%*(#-"n$( l(% )#($'(% 7& %"-(%, %in( '"-4i/n n&%'#" *(#-" $& ii# ., )(# 9l'i-(, l" *(#-" &n 7& )&#i4i-(% l" #&"li$"$ N(
(4%'"n'&
7&
#&(n(&-(%
l"
)&n&'#"i3n
$&l
-i#()#(&%"$(# &n n&%'#"% i$"%, ." &%'"-(% #&i&n$( in$i*&#&n'&% " l" )#&%&ni" $& &%(% -il&% $& -7in"% $i-in'"% 7& n(% &n(n'#"-(% %in %"4&#l( '($(% l(% $+"%5 A%+ 7&, "n'&% $& 7& %& in'&!#& $& -"n&#" $&-"%i"$( i-)&#&)'i4l& &n n&%'#" $i"#i" &;i%'&ni", &% &l -(-&n'( $& &l&4#"# "l
-i#()#(&%"$(# . l" #&(li3n 7& 8" (#i!in"$(, )"#" ")#&i"# &l -il"!#( 7& &% &n #&"li$"$ "$" n( $& &%(% 8i)% $& %ilii( $i-in'(% . -&$i'"# "&#" $& % %i!ni"$( )"#" n&%'#"% i$"% . l"% $& n&%'#(% $&%&n$i&n'&%5
Historia de los miro!roesadores •
L" E(li3n $&l Mi#()#(&%"$(#5
El -i#()#(&%"$(# &% n )#($'( $& l" (-)'"$(#" . (n '&n(l(!+" %&-i(n$'(#"5 S& &%l"4(n" $&%$& l" -i'"$ $& l(% ">(% @0% &%'"% '&n(l(!+"% %& *%i(n"#(n " )#ini)i(% $& l(% ">(%
G0H%,
)#($i&n$(
&l
ll"-"$(
-i#()#(&%"$(#5
L" (-)'"$(#" $i!i'"l 8"& ll(% 4"( &l (n'#(l $& n )#(!#"-"5 L" -"n&#" !&n&#"l &n 7& l(% ll(% %& 8"n 8&8( &% ll"-"$" l" "#7i'&'#" $& l" (-)'"$(#" $i!i'"l5 A%+ -i%-( l" 8i%'(#i" $& i#i'(% $& &%'"$( %3li$( n(% ".$" '"-4i/n, )(#7& &l -i#()#(&%"$(# &% n i#i'( (n '#"n%i%'(#&% ( -i#(i#i'( LSI !#"n$& &%"l" $& in'&!#"i3n, )"#" %&# -% )#&i%(5 El -")" $& l" !#", -(%'#"$" "l n"l $& &%'" %&i3n, -&%'#" l(% %&%(% i-)(#'"n'&% $& /%'"% $(% '&n(l(!+"% 7& %& $&%"##(ll"#(n &n l"% 9l'i-"% in( $/"$"%5 L"% $(% '&n(l(!+"% inii"#(n % $&%"##(ll( $&%$& l" %&!n$" !&##" -n$i"l &n &%'& 'i&-)( l(% i&n'+(% $&%"##(ll"#(n (-)'"$(#"% &%)&i"l-&n'& )"#" %( -ili'"#5 D&%)/% $& l" !&##", " -&$i"$(% $&l ">( $& 10 l" (-)'"$(#" $i!i'"l *& $&%"##(ll"$" )"#" )#()3%i'(% i&n'+(%
.
iil&%5
L" '&n(l(!+" $& i#i'(% &l&'#3ni(% ""n<3 . l(% i&n'+(%
8ii&#(n !#"n$&% )#(!#&%(% &n &l $i%&>( $& $i%)(%i'i(% *+%i(% $& E%'"$( S3li$(5 En 1K &n l(% l"4(#"'(#i(% B&ll #&"#(n &l T#"n%i%'(#5
En l(% ">(% @0%, ")"#&&n l"% )#i-&#"% (-)'"$(#"% $i!i'"l&% $& )#()3%i'( !&n&#"l5 %'"% %"4"n '4(% "l "+( 4l4(% (-( (-)(n&n'&% &l&'#3ni(% "'i(%5 T"#&'"% ( -3$l(% $& '4(% "l "+( *&#(n %"$(% )"#" (n%'#i# i#i'(% l3!i(% 4%i(% '"l&% (-( (-)&#'"% l3!i"% . i)()% C&l$" $(n$& %& "l-"&n" n 4i'5 En%"-4l"n$( (-)&#'"% . i)()% &n -3$l(%, l(% i&n'+(% (n%'#.&#(n l" (-)'"$(#" l" l3!i" $& (n'#(l, i#i'(% $& -&-(#i", &'55 L(% 4l4(% '"-4i/n *(#-"#(n )"#'& $& l" (n%'#i3n $& -7in"% )"#" l" (-ni"i3n (n l"% (-)'"$(#"%5 P"#" &l &%'$i( $& l(% i#i'(% $i!i'"l&%, &n l" (n%'#i3n $& n i#i'( %-"$(# %i-)l&
%& #&7i&#&
$& "l!n"% (-)&#'"% l3!i"%5
L"
(n%'#i3n $& n" (-)'"$(#" $i!i'"l #&7i&#& $& -8(% i#i'(% ( $i%)(%i'i(% &l&'#3ni(%5 El )#ini)"l )"%( '(-"$( &n l" (-)'"$(#" *& 8"&# 7& &l $"'( *&#" "l-"&n"$( &n -&-(#i" (-( n" *(#-" $& )"l"4#" $i!i'"l5 L" i$&" $& "l-"&n"# )#(!#"-"% *& -. i-)(#'"n'&5
L" '&n(l(!+" $& l(% i#i'(% $& &%'"$( %3li$( &(li(n3 &n l" $/"$" $& l(% ">(% @0%5 El %( $&l -"'&#i"l %ilii( $& 4"( (%'( . (n -/'($(% $& )#($i3n -"%i", 8ii&#(n "l '#"n%i%'(# %&# &l -% %"$( )"#" &l $i%&>( $& i#i'(%5 P(# l( '"n'( &l $i%&>( $& l" (-)'"$(#" $i!i'"l *& n !#"n ""n& $&l "-4i( )"#" #&-)l"<"# "l '4( "l "+( 4l4( )(# &l '#"n%i%'(# " n"l&% $& l(%
">(%
@0%5
A )#ini)i(% $& l(% ">(% 60%, &l "#'& $& l" (n%'#i3n $& (-)'"$(#"% $& &%'"$( %3li$( %& in#&-&n'3 . %#!i&#(n l"% '&n(l(!+"% &n i#i'(% $i!i'"l&% (-(: RTL L3!i" T#"n%i%'(# R&%i%'(#, DTL L3!i" T#"n%i%'(# Di($(, TTL L3!i" T#"n%i%'(# T#"n%i%'(#, ECL L3!i" C(-)l&-&n'"$" E-i%(#5 A -&$i"$(% $& l(% ">(% 60% %& )#($&n l"% *"-ili"% $& l3!i" $i!i'"l, $i%)(%i'i(% &n &%"l" SSI . MSI 7& (##&%)(n$&n " )&7&>" . -&$i"n" &%"l" $& in'&!#"i3n $& (-)(n&n'&% &n l(% i#i'(% $& *"4#i"i3n5 A n"l&% $& l(% ">(% 60% . )#ini)i(%
$& l(% ">(% G0% %#!i&#(n l(% LSI !#"n &%"l" $& in'&!#"i3n5 L" '&n(l(!+" LSI *& 8"i&n$( )(%i4l& -% . -% i#i'(% $i!i'"l&% &n n i#i'( in'&!#"$(5 P&#( )((% i#i'(% LSI *&#(n )#($i$(%, l(% $i%)(%i'i(% $& -&-(#i" *&#(n n 4&n &&-)l(5 L"% )#i-&#"% "ll"$(#"% &l&'#3ni"% #&7&#+"n $& G@ " 100 i#i'(% in'&!#"$(%5 D&%)/% %& $i( n )"%( i-)(#'"n'& &n l" #&$i3n $& l" "#7i'&'#" $& l" (-)'"$(#" " n i#i'( in'&!#"$( %i-)l&, #&%l'"n$( n i#i'( 7& *& ll"-"$( &l -i#()#(&%"$(#5 El )#i-&# -i#()#(&%"$(# *& &l In'&l 00, )#($i$( &n 1G15 S& $&%"##(ll3 (#i!in"l-&n'& )"#" n" "ll"$(#", . #&%l'"4" #&(li(n"#i( )"#" % /)("5 C(n'&n+" 2500 '#"n%i%'(#&% &n n -i#()#(&%"$(# $& 4i'% 7& %3l( )($+" #&"li<"# 605000 ()&#"i(n&% )(# %&!n$(5 El )#i-&# -i#()#(&%"$(# $& K 4i'% *& &l In'&l K00K, $&%"##(ll"$( &n 1G )"#" % &-)l&( &n '&#-in"l&%
in*(#-'i(%5
El
In'&l
K00K
(n'&n+"
500
'#"n%i%'(#&%5 El )#i-&# -i#()#(&%"$(# #&"l-&n'& $i%&>"$( )"#" %( !&n&#"l, $&%"##(ll"$( &n 1G, *& &l In'&l K0K0 $& K 4i'%, 7& (n'&n+" 5@00 '#"n%i%'(#&% . )($+" &&'"# 2005000 in%'#i(n&% )(# %&!n$(5 L(% -i#()#(&%"$(#&% -($&#n(% 'i&n&n n" ")"i$"$ . &l(i$"$ -8( -".(#&%5 En'#& &ll(% !#"n &l In'&l P&n'i- P#(, (n @,@ -ill(n&% $& '#"n%i%'(#&% &l Ul'#"S)"#II, $& Sn Mi#(%.%'&-%, 7& (n'i&n& @, -ill(n&% $& '#"n%i%'(#&% &l P(&#PC 620, $&%"##(ll"$( (nn'"-&n'& )(# A))l&, IBM . M('(#(l", (n G -ill(n&% $& '#"n%i%'(#&%, . &l Al)8" 2116A, $& Di!i'"l E7i)-&n' C(#)(#"'i(n, (n , -ill(n&% $& '#"n%i%'(#&%5
El -i#()#(&%"$(# 'i&n& n" "#7i'&'#" )"#&i$" " l" (-)'"$(#" $i!i'"l5
En
('#"%
)"l"4#"%,
&l
-i#()#(&%"$(# &%
(-(
l"
(-)'"$(#" $i!i'"l )(#7& "-4(% #&"li<"n ll(% 4"( n )#(!#"-"
$&
(n'#(l5
C(n%i!i&n'&-&n'&,
l"
8i%'(#i"
$&
l"
(-)'"$(#" $i!i'"l n(% ".$"# " &n'&n$&# &l -i#()#(&%"$(#5 El -i#()#(&%"$(#
8i<(
)(%i4l&
l"
-"n*"'#"
$&
)($&#(%"%
"ll"$(#"% . $& -8(% ('#(% )#($'(%5 El -i#()#(&%"$(# 'ili<" &l -i%-( 'i)( $& l3!i" 7& &% %"$( &n l" ni$"$ )#(&%"$(#" &n'#"l CPU $& n" (-)'"$(#" $i!i'"l5 El -i#()#(&%"$(# &% "l!n"% &&% ll"-"$( ni$"$ -i#( )#(&%"$(#" MPU5 En ('#"% )"l"4#"%, &l -i#()#(&%"$(# &% n" ni$"$ )#(&%"$(#" $& $"'(%5
IMPORTANCIA DEL MICROPROCESADOR El n(-4#& $& -i#()#(&%"$(# n(% $&%#i4& %3l( &l (nn'( $& '($(% l(% (-)(n&n'&% 7& *(#-"n l" CPU n" &< &n""$(% . li%'(% )"#" *ni(n"#5 l -i#()#(&%"$(#, ( )#(&%"$(#, &% &l i#i'( in'&!#"$( &n'#"l -% (-)l&( $& n" (-)'"$(#" &% (-( &l &#&4#( $& n" (-)'"$(#"5 l )#(&%"$(# &% n i#i'( in'&!#"$( (n%'i'i$( )(# -ill(n&% $& (-)(n&n'&% &l&'#3ni(% in'&!#"$(%5 E% &l &n"#!"$( $& #&"li<"# '($" ()&#"i3n "#i'-/'i(l3!i", $& (n'#(l . $& (-ni"i3n (n &l #&%'( $& l(% (-)(n&n'&% in'&!#"$(% 7& (n*(#-"n n PC, ?". ('#(% *"'(#&% -. in.&n'&% &n &l #&n$i-i&n'(, (-( )&$& %&# % -&-(#i" "8/, % "n'i$"$ $& n9l&(%, %&"n *+%i(% ( l3!i(%,
&l
(nn'(
$&
in%'#i(n&%
7&
%()(#'",
%
"#7i'&'#", &'5 )(# l( 7& %&#+" $i*+il-&n'& (-)"#"4l& &l #&n$i-i&n'( $& $(% )#(&%"$(#&% $i%'in'(% 4"%n$(%& %3l( &n % *#&&ni" $& #&l(5
