CARPETA
DE
INVESTIGACIÓN ASIGNATURA PENSAMIENTO CRÍTICO Y PERSPECTIVO DEL PERÚ
TEMA LA CRISIS ÉTICA Y AXIOLOGICA DEL PERÚ
DOCENTE Dr. FELIPE ARRIETA BENOUTT
ESTUDIANTE REYES CORDOVA, ANDREA DIAZ LUMBE, KENNY AVALOS AVALOS SÁNCHEZ, SÁNCHEZ, OSÉ BRAVO YACILA. ONATHAN
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TURNO MA$ANA
2013
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CONCLUSIONES ANEXOS BIBLIOGRAFIA
INTRODUCCIÓN E '2 P'r ;')+% %(&+ '%(5+% &' /6)+ 2- /+rr1*/(6 +)6 '2 *+&'r : %' /+4(r(6 ' 1 %(%')-. E 2-% 2()-% &/-&-% &' 5+7('r+% /+rr1*+% ' )-+% &' 1- r'& 01' '>- +&+ '2 *+&'r ;- 7-%-&+ *-r- /-%( &'%r1(r '2 %(%')- &')+/r<(/+ : 2- 5+7'r-7(2(&-&. E2 P'r %' /+4(r(6, &' '%- )-'r-, ' 1 '=')*2+ )<% &' 2+ 01' %(5(8(/- 2- /+rr1*/(6 /1-&+ '%< ' '2 *+&'r : %' /+4('r' ' *-r' &'2 %(%')-, *1&r('&+ +&+% 2+% (4'2'% &' 2- %+/('&-&. P'r+ 1'%r+ *->% + '% '2 (/+ 01' ;- %18r(&+ '%' (*+ &' *r+72')-% :, 2+ 01' '% )<%, /-&- 4'3 %' ;-/' )<% 4(%(72' 01' 2- /+rr1*/(6 '%< +)-&+ )1/;- )-:+r 81'r3- *-r- /+4'r(r%' ' 1 8'6)'+ &' -1r-2'3- r-%-/(+-2 V(4()+% ' 1- /121r- &' 2- /+rr1*/(6 : ' 1- %+/('&-& '8'r)-, ' /+%(&'r-72' )'&(&-, /-r-/'r(3-&-% *+r ;<7(+%, )'-2(&-& : r'1'/(- 2-% 2':'% 4<2(&-% : /r'-(4-%. E(%' 1- -+)(- 01' + '% *+r + &(8'r'/(-r '2 7(' : '2 )-2, *1'% '%+% '%< %18(/('')'' &(8'r'/(-&+%, %(+ 01' -251+% '2(5' '2 )-2 *+r01' &- )'=+r'% &(4(&'&+%. D' -;> 01' '2 *1'72+ 2+% 4'- /+ %'()('+% -)7(4-2''% *+r 1 2-&+ r'/;-3-, /r((/- : + '%< &' -/1'r&+ /+ '2 &'2(+, *'r+ *+r +r+ '4(&(- 2+ 2+5r-&+ *+r '%+% -2 01'r'r ''r 2+ 01' '22+% ;- /+%'51(&+ : 4(&+%' ' %1 *+7r'3- + %+2-)'' ''r- %(+ ('r-, %' (&'(8(/- /+ '%+% ' (/21%+ '%< 2(%+% - 8+r)-r *-r' &' '%)-8(- + %'r /6)*2(/'% &' '22-. L- /+rr1*/(6 '41'24' - 1- /+%(&'r-72' )-:+r>-, 4>/()- &' 2(/121r-, (5+r-/(- : &'%& -%> /+)+ - '2')'+% &' 2-% /2-%'% &+)(-'% 01' *r'8('r' )-''r -2 *1'72+ 2()(-&+ : '/21(&+. E2 '%(2+ &' 4(&- '%-r>- (/2(-&+ *+r )+&+% (2>/(+% /+%(&'r-&+% -1r-2'%. S' 22'5- - )'&(r '2 (5'(+ *-r- 71r2-r 2- 2':, 2- 8-2%(8(/-/(6 '% '*r'%(6 &' 2- &'%/+)*+%(/(6 ' '2 /+)*+r-)('+. H-: 1- *-r' &' 2- %+/('&-& 01' + 2' ('r'%- 01' 2+% -/+% &' /+rr1*/(6 /+(' /+&(/(6 &' 01' 2+% &(/-&+r'% 2'% /+8('r- 8-4+r'% : *r(4(2'5(+%.
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2.3.4. A'" G'+#;'
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2.4.
SITUACIÓN ACTUAL
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3.
LA CORRUPCIÓN EN EL SECTOR PÚBLICO Y PRIVADO
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3.1.
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%(+ 01' 5r- *-r' &' 8-4+r'%, ' *-r(/12-r ' 2- C+r' S1*'r(+r, %' /+%(51' + %' ((/(- /+ /+)(&-% : -5-%-=+%. E2 )-'=+ &(%/r'/(+-2 : -r7(r-r(+ &' r'/1r%+% '% 1- 81'' &' -/+% /+rr1*+% 2+ /1-2 '% /2-r+ ' '2 /-%+ &' 2*+2(/>- : '2 r<8(/+ &' /+)71%(72' &'%(-&+ -2 *-r122-='. E%' -/+ /+rr1*+, - %1 4'3, %' /+4('r' ' 81'' &' )<% -/+% /+rr1*+%, *1'% 2+% %17-2'r+% ('' 01' /+7r-r /+()-% + -71%-r &' %1 -1+r(&-& *-r/+%'51(r r'/1r%+% 01' 2'% *'r)(- +*'r-r %1% 4';>/12+%. E2 -71%+ &' -1+r(&-&, + %62+ ' 2- *+2(/>-, %(+ -)7( ' '2 P+&'r 1&(/(-2 : 2- F(%/-2>-, %' -r(/12- /+ 2- &(%/r()(-/(6 %+/(-2 ;-/(- (&(4(&1+% &' '%/-%+% r'/1r%+%, /-)*'%(+% + *+7r'% ' 5''r-2, 01(<&+2' )<% 2'5(()(&-& - -2 4>/12+ *+2>(/+ 'r' E%-&+ : %+/('&-&.
3.2.
L$% G$:!e+"$% M("!#!/'e%
E '2 /-%+ &' 2+% 5+7('r+% )1(/(*-2'%, 2+% *r(/(*-2'% -/+% /+rr1*+% ('' 01' 4'r /+ 2+% *r+/'%+% &' -&01(%(/(+'% *-r(/12-r)'' '2 *r+5r-)- &'2 4-%+ &' 2'/;', ' 2+% 01' %' 8-4+r'/' - ')*r'%-% /'r/--% - 2+% '/-r5-&+% &' 22'4-r -&'2-' 2+% *r+/'%+% + - 2+% *r+*(-% -1+r(&-&'% /1-&+ 2-% ')*r'%-% 2'% *-5- /+()-% *-r- 5--r 2-% 2(/(-/(+'%. L- +r- 81'' &' /+rr1*/(6 ('' 01' 4'r /+ 2-% /+r--/(+'% : 17(/-/(6 ' *1'%+% &' r-7-=+ - -)(5+%, 8-)(2(-r'% : )(2(-'% &'2 *-r(&+ /2(''2(%)+ a '*+(%)+. E 2- CTAR, %' r'*'>- '%' 8'6)'+ : %( 2-% /+%-% ;- /-)7(-&+ ' '2 G+7('r+ R'5(+-2, %' &'7' )<% - 2- 4+21-& *+2>(/- &' %1% -1+r(&-&'%, 01' - /-)7(+% (%(1/(+-2'% 01' ()*(&- 01' '%+ 41'24- - +/1rr(r.
3.3.
L$% Se#)$+e% S$#!'e%
E 2+% %'/+r'% %+/(-2'% ;-: '+r)'% *+%(7(2(&-&'% &' /+rr1*/(6. E %-21&, 2+% 01' *-r'/' %'r 2+% *r(/(*-2'% -/+% /+rr1*+% ('' 01' 4'r /+ '2 +/12-)('+ &' '52(5'/(-% ' -/+% )&(/+% '2 '%*>r(1 &' /1'r*+ 01' -)7( '%< *r'%'' ' +&+% 2+% &')<% %'/+r'% *'r+ -)7( %' ;&''/-&+ r<8(/+ &' *r+&1/+% /+)+ )'&(/(-% &'%(-&-% - 2- %-21& *72(/' )'r/-&+% (8+r)-2'%. E '&1/-/(6 ;-: 5r-4'% *r+72')-% 01' ('' 01' 4'r /+ 2- ''%(6 &'2 %'/+r : /+ 2+ r'&1/(&+ &' 2- /-*-/(&-& &' /+r+2 (%(1/(+-2.
D' '%- 8+r)-, 2+% &(r'/+r'% %' /+4('r' ' 2+% &1'9+% &' %1% /+2'5(+% : ('' -)*2(+% )- %(&+ /+r+2-&+% ' /('r- )'&(&- *'r+ %> %17%(%' 2-% *+%(7(2(&-&'% &' )-2+% )-'=+% ' 2+% &(r'/+r(+% &' 2-% ')*r'%-%, &'%-/-&+ '2 /-%+ &' 2- ')*r'%- &' -51-, ''%-)'' r--&+ ' 2- *r'%-.
3.4.
E Se#)$+ A+!#()(+'
E /1-+ -2 %'/+r -5r(/121r-, '2 *r+72')- )<% 5r-4' -&')<% &' 2+% -/+% /+rr1*+% +*'r-(4+%, )<% + )'+% %()(2-r'% ' '2 8+&+ - 2+% &' +r-% (%(1/(+'% '% 2- 265(/- &'2 -r/+r<8(/+ 01' (4+21/r- +&+ 1 %(%')- 01' ')*('3- ' 2- '5-(4- &'2 %(%')- 8(-/('r+ - &-r /r&(+% - 2+% /-)*'%(+% : 01' 'r)(-, &'2 2-&+ &' 2- -1r-2'3-, ' 2- 'r+%(6 &'2 %1'2+ &' /12(4+ :, &'2 2-&+ &' 2- %+/('&-&, ' '2 r<8(/+ (2>/(+ &' &r+5-% *r+4'('' &' 2- %'24- +r' *'r1--, ;-/(- L()- : E/1-&+r.
3.*.
L$% Me-!$% -e C$9("!#'#!"
E 2+ 01' +/- - -/+% /+rr1*+% ' (%(1/(+'% &' 2- %+/('&-& /(4(2, 2+% )'&(+% &' /+)1(/-/(6 %+ 2+% -/+r'% )<% 01'=-&+% *+r 2- %+/('&-& ' 5''r-2. L- (rr'%*+%-7(2(&-& /+ 2- 01' -/- 2- 5r- )-:+r>- &' )'&(+% r-&(-2'%, ' '%*'/(-2, '='r/('&+ 1- *r'%- -)-r(22-, + %' 01'&- %62+ ' 1- )-2- /-2(&-& &' (8+r)-/(6, %(+ 01' %' (/r')'- /1-&+ '%' '%(2+ )+r7+%+ &' ;-/'r *r'%- '% 1%-&+ *-r- /;--='-r -1+r(&-&'% + /+)+ /-7-22+ *+2>(/+ &' 7--22-. P+r %1*1'%+, '2 ')+r &' 2-% -1+r(&-&'% - '8r'-r - 2+% )'&(+% '% 2-)'-72'.
3..
L'% E9/+e%'%
E /1-+ - 2-% ')*r'%-%, 2+% *r(/(*-2'% *r+72')-% a-&')<% &' 2*-r(/(*-/(6 /+rr1*- ' *r+/'%+% &' -&01(%(/(+'% &'2 E%-&+ ('' 01' 4'r /+ 2- (8+r)-2(&-& *1'% &' -22> %' &'%*r'&' *r+72')-% /+)+ 2- '4-%(6 r(71-r(- : /+)+ 2-% /+()-% *-5-&-% - -1+r(&-&'% *-r- )-''r '%%(1-/(6. P'r+ -)7( '% &' &'%-/-r 2- r'2-/(6 '%- 'r' %+/('&-& r1r-2, ')*r'%-% )('r-% : 5+7('r+ *+r01' 2- 'r'5- &' 2(/'/(-% - 2-% )('r-% %( r'%*'-r 2+% (8+r)'% &' ()*-/+% -)7('-2'% : %+/(-2'%, '% 2'>&- *+r 2%+/('&-& /+)+ 1 -rr'52+ /+rr1*+ 'r' ')*r'%- : 81/(+-r(+% *72(/+%.
3..
L'% U"!e+%!-'-e%
L-% 1(4'r%(&-&'% ;- %(&+ )'/(+-&-% -)7( /+)+ (%(1/(+'% /+ )1/;+% *r+72')-% : /+ 5r-&'% '%*-/(+% *-r- 2+% -/+% /+rr1*+%. S('&+ 2'&1/-/(6 %1*'r(+r 1 )'/-(%)+ *'r/(7(&+ *+r 2- *+72-/(6 *+7r' /+)+ 222-4' *-r- '2 -%/'%+ %+/(-2, '%- %(1-/(6 %' 41'24' *r'+/1*-'. A01> *r'+/1*- 01', -)*-r<&+%' ' 2- +/(6 &' '&1/-/(6 /+)+ '5+/(+, 2+% &(r(5''% a')*r'%-r(+% 1(4'r%(-r(+% *1'&' 1(2(3-r %1 *+&'r %+7r' 2(%(1/(6 *-r- 21/r-r &' 8+r)- (2'5-2 *-r-2'2- - 2- -/1)12-/(6 2'5-2 &' /-*(-2.
3.>.
L$% P'+)!-$% P$;)!#
%$F(-2)'', 2+% *-r(&+% *+2>(/+% %+ 1- &' 2-% *r(/(*-2'% 81''% &' *r'%(6 *-r- 01' 2+% 81/(+-r(+% *72(/+% /+2+01' - 1 )(2(-' ' 1 *1'%+ &' r-7-=+ + *-r- 01' 1 *r+/'%+ &' -&01(%(/(6 2' 8-4+r'3/- - 1 &''r)(-&+ *-r(/(*-', -22'5-&+ + )(')7r+ &' 1 *-r(&+. E2 /-r *-r(&-r(+ %' ;- 41'2+ 1 %>)7+2+ &'2 /2(''2(%)+ *+2>(/+ + %'-, &' 2- /+rr1*/(6. H-: 01' -*1-r 01' 2- *r'%(6 *1'&' 4'(r &'%&' )(')7r+% &'2 *-r(&+ 81'r- &'2 -*-r-+ *72(/+, + &' )(2(-'% 17(/-&+% ' +r-% ='r-r01>-% *72(/-%, /+)+ 1 )((%r+, 1 r'5(&+r, 1 5'r'' + 1 /+5r'%(%-.
3.=. E '2
I"$+9e /$+ IPSOS %$:+e %e#)$+ P+!'-$
)-r/+ &'2 @ S()*+%(+ I'r-/(+-2 E)*r'%- M+&'r- :
R'%*+%-7(2(&-& S+/(-2 +r5-(3-&+ *+r P'r "@, A28r'&+ T+rr'% &' I*%+% P'r *r'%'6 2- *r()'r- E/1'%- %+7r' P'r/'*/(+'% &' 2- C+rr1*/(6 ' '2 S'/+r
Pr(4-&+, 01' r'-2(36 *+r '/-r5+ &' 2- C+)(%(6 &' A2+ N(4'2 A(/+rr1*/(6, /+ '2 8(-/(-)('+ &'2 B-/+ M1&(-2. Er' 2+% *r(/(*-2'% r'%12-&+% %' '/+r6 01' 2+% ')*r'%-r(+% *'r/(7' 01' 2-% *r(/(*-2'% 8+r)-% &' /+rr1*/(6 %'r>- 2-% /+()-%, '2 r<8(/+ &' (821'/(-% : 2- '4-%(6 r(71-r(-. M('r-% 01' 2-% /-1%-% %'r>- 2- 8-2- &' 4-2+r'% (/+% : &(4'r%+% -%*'/+% ' 2- +r5-(3-/(6 &'2 %'/+r *72(/+ 71r+/r-/(- '/'%(4-, &'7(2(&-& &' )'/-(%)+% &' /+r+2 ('r+, : r'512-/(+'% '5+rr+%-%, 'r' +r+%. F(-2)'', 2+% '%*-/(+% )<% 412'r-72'% %+ 2+% *r+/'%+% &' /+)*r- : 2+% r<)('%. E 2- r'2-/(6 ')*r'%-E%-&+, *+2>(/+% : 81/(+-r(+% *72(/+% %'r>- 2+% *r(/(*-2'% 8-/(2(-&+r'% &' 2- /+rr1*/(6. E% ()*+r-' )'/(+-r 01' 2- )-:+r>- &' ')*r'%-% :- ;-7r>- ()*2')'-&+ -251-% )'&(&-% -(/+rr1*/(6. A%()(%)+, 2+% ')*r'%-r(+% *r'8('r' (/'(4+%, ' 215-r &' %-/(+'%, /+)+ )'&(&- '8'/(4- *-r- /+)7-(r 2/+rr1*/(6. A%>, 2- )-:+r>- -*+:-r>- '2 -//'%+ - 7''8(/(+% r(71-r(+% : 2+% )'/-(%)+% &' &'1/(-% : *r+'//(6 - 2+% &'1/(-'%. E2 J^ &' ')*r'%-% &'/2-r- 01' 2'% ;- %+2(/(-&+ &-r -25 (*+ &' %+7+r+ ' '2 2()+ -9+. E2 *-5+ &' %+7+r+% %' ((/(- ' '2 J^ &' 2+% /-%+% /+ 2(%(1-/(6, &' *-r' &'2 %'r4(&+r *72(/+. L+% *r+/'%+% /+ )-:+r 412'r-7(2(&-& *r+/'%+% &' /+)*r- &'2 E%-&+ #^ : r<)('% -&)((%r-(4+% @^. E2 ^ /+%(&'r- 01' 2-% ')*r'%-% /+ -'/'&''% *r+7-&+% &' /+rr1*/(6 &'7'r>- %'r ('2'5(72'% *-r- /+r--r /+ '2 E%-&+. L+% ')*r'%-r(+% *'r1-+% *'r/(7' - 2-% ')*r'%-% &' C;(- : Br-%(2 /+)+ 2-% )<% /+rr1*-%. L- /+rr1*/(6 r'*r'%'-r>- -/1-2)'' '2 ^ &'2 /+%+ &' 2-% ')*r'%-%. L- '/1'%- 81' -*2(/-&- - !# '='/1(4+% 01' r'*r'%'- - 2- )<()-1+r(&-& &' 2-% ')*r'%-% TOP ,""" &'2 *->% : /+%(1:' 1 *r()'r '%81'r3+ *-r- '/+r-r, &'%&' 2- *'r%*'/(4- &' %'/+r *r(4-&+, 2-% *r(/(*-2'% *r
4.
DATOS ESTADISTICOS E INFORMES PERIODISTICOS SOBRE LA CORRUPCIÓN
L- /+rr1*/(6 '% 1+ &' 2+% 82-5'2+% )<% 5r-4'% &' 2- ;1)-(&-& 01' + %' ;*+&(&+ 'rr-&(/-r ;-%- -;+r-, *'%' -2 5r- -4-/' '/+/('>8(/+ : '2 *r+5r'%+ &' 2+% *1'72+%. E% 1- /-2-)(&-& *r'%'' ' +&-% *-r'%, *'r+ %+7r' +&+ ' 2+% *->%'% )<% *+7r'% &'2 )1&+. P'r + '% 1- '/'*/(6 :, %'5 '2 (8+r)' &' Tr-%*-r'/(- I'r-/(+-2, +/1*- '2 *1'%+ e ' '2 r-(5 )1&(-2 : ('' 1- *11-/(6 &' .! ' '2 >&(/' &' /+rr1*/(6 "@" -&')<%, 2- S'- E/1'%- N-/(+-2 %+7r' C+rr1*/(6 &' Pr+ É(/-, '2-7+r-&*+r I*%+% A*+:+, (&(/- 01' '%' 82-5'2+ '% '2 )-:+r *r+72')- 01' '8r'1'%r+ *->%. A%> 2+ /+%(&'r- )<% &' 2- )(-& &'2 *->% !@^.
4.1.
L' #$++(/#!" e" e Pe+8
E '2 r-(5 )1&(-2 &' 2- /+rr1*/(6, P'r 8(51r- ' '2 *1'%+ e /+ 1 *1-=' &' .! *1+%, - 2- *-r /+ C+2+)7(-, *+r &'7-=+ &' C;(2' *1'%+ @e : . *1+%, Ur151-: *1'%+ #e : J. *1+%, P1'r+ R(/+, C+%- R(/-, R'*72(/- D+)((/--, Br-%(2, C17-, E2 S-24-&+r, P--)< : Tr((&-& : T+7-5+. S( ')7-r5+ '%< *+r '/()- &' -)-(/-, B+2(4(-, Ar5'(- : P-r-51-:, 'r' +r+%. E '2 P'r, %( &1&- -251-, 2- /+rr1*/(6 '% '2 *r(/(*-2 *r+72')- 01' '8r'2- %+/('&-&, : -%> 2+ /+%(&'r- )<% &' 2- )(-& &'2 *->% !@^, %'5 2- VIII E/1'%- N-/(+-2 %+7r' C+rr1*/(6 &' Pr+ É(/-, '2-7+r-&- *+r I*%+% A*+:+. E2 )-2 '%< -1)'-&+ /+ '2 *-%+ &' 2+% -9+% -2 *-%-r &' !^ ' '2 "" - !J^ ' "@", %'5 2- *'r/'*/(6 &'2 *72(/+.
4.2.
De%#$"!'"6' e" '% !"%)!)(#!$"e% #$++(/)'%
L-% (%(1/(+'% 01' 2+% *'r1-+% *'r/(7' /+)+ )<% /+rr1*-% %+ '2 C+5r'%+ #J^, 2- P+2(/>- N-/(+-2 #!^ : '2 P+&'r 1&(/(-2 ^. S( ')7-r5+ '%- *'r/'*/(6 ;- &(%)(1(&+ ' /+)*-r-/(6 - 2- &' ;-/' &+% -9+%. E2 /-%+ &'2 P+&'r 1&(/(-2 '% 2+ 01' )<% 22-)- 2- -'/(6, *1'% 21'5+ &' %'r /+%(&'r-&- ' "" 2- (%(1/(6 )<% /+rr1*- *+r '2 J@^ &' *'r1-+%, ' '2 "@" ;- &(%)(1(&+ ' *1+%, %'5 2- )(%)- 81''.
N+ +7%-', -2 )'&(r '2 5r-&+ &' /+rr1*/(6 ' 2-% (%(1/(+'%, '2 #^ &' 2+% '/1'%-&+% %'9-2- 01' '2 C+5r'%+ '% 1- (%(1/(6 )1: /+rr1*- + /+rr1*-, )1/;+ )<% 01' '2 P+&'r 1&(/(-2 "^. E /-)7(+, )<% &' 2- )(-& &' 2- *+72-/(6 /+8>- ' 2- D'8'%+r>- &'2 P1'72+ !^ ' 2- 21/;- /+r- 2/+rr1*/(6. E2 ^ /r'' ' 2- I52'%(- C-62(/- : '2 "^ ' 2- F(%/-2>- &' 2N-/(6. E)*'r+, /-%( '2 'r/(+ &' 2+% '/1'%-&+% + /+8>- ' (51(%(1/(6.
4.3.
I"$+9e% Pe+!$-;%)!#
%$LA REPUBLICA E T$/ 10 -e $% #'%$% -e #$++(/#!" e" e)'/' !"' L+% 8(%/-2'% %' -2(%- *-r- 22'4-r - =1(/(+ : /+%'51(r /+&'-% '=')*2-r'% ' @" *r+/'%+% &' %(512-r ()*+r-/(- 01' (4+21/r- - " 81/(+-r(+% &' '(&-&'% &'2 E%-&+ /+)+ 2- P+2(/>- N-/(+-2, 2- SUNAT, 2-% F1'r3-% Ar)-&-% : '2 *r+*(+ M((%'r(+ P72(/+. M<% &' Sb. @!" )(22+'% '%< ' 'r'&(/;+. H+: ' &>- 2+% /+rr1*+% ' '2 P'r + ('' )('&+, *'r%(%' 2- ()*1(&-&, *+r 2+ -+ '/'%(-)+% %'r )<% &r<%(/+%, '')+% 01' r-7-=-r &'%&' '%*'r%*'/(4-, &'/2-r6 r'/('')'' '2 /+r-2+r 5''r-2 &' 2- R'*72(/-, F1-& K;+1r: Z-r3-r. E '%' /+'+, ' 2+% *r6()+% &>-% : %')--% )-5(%r-&+% &'2 P+&'r 1&(/(-2 : '2 M((%'r(+ P72(/+ '&r< 01' ')((r 8-22+% : +*(-r ' 8+r)&''r)(-' %+7r' *r+/'%+% (4'%(5-+r(+% 01' ;- '(&+ -)*2(- /++-/(6 *72(/- ' 2+% 2()+% -9+%, *r(/(*-2)'' *+r 2+% 81/(+-r(+% ()*2(/-&+% : '2 )++ &' 2+% 8+&+% %1%r->&+% - (%(1/(+'% &'2 E%-&+. D('3 /-%+% -7('r+% *+r 2+% &'2(+% &' /+rr1*/(6 a%'2'//(+-&+% *+r LR'*72(/-a, ' 2+% 01' 2-% -1+r(&-&'% /+%(&'r- 01' ;-: 5r- /-(&-& &' r'/1r%+% *72(/+% %1%r->&+%. M<% &' %''- *'r%+-% ()*2(/-&-% ' *r+/'%+% 01' +% *'r)((r< +7%'r4-r -2 8(-2 ;-%- &6&' '% *+%(72' 21/;-r /+r- 2/+rr1*/(6. A *-r(r &' 2-% *r1'7-% r'/+*(2-&-%, (/21%+ *+r -9+%, 2+% 8(%/-2'% -51-r&- 01' 2+% =1'/'% ')(- 8(-2)'' %''/(-% '=')*2-r'%. E '%- r'2-/(6 + %' (/21:' 2-% (4'%(5-/(+'% 01' 2- F(%/-2>- : '2 C+5r'%+ r'-2(3- - 2+% ' *r'%(&''% A2- G-r/>- : A2'=-&r+ T+2'&+, *+r '%-r - -)7+% /-%+% ' '-*- *r'2()(-r r'/'*/(6 &' *r1'7-% : *'&('' &' 2- *r'%'-/(6 8+r)-2 &' 2+% &'%/-r5+%.
UE ESTUDIA ACUSACIÓN CONTRA CONGRESISTA LÓPE CÓRDOVA
L- /+5r'%(%- &' F1'r3- P+*12-r M-r>- L6*'3 C6r&+4- '% -/1%-&- *+r 28(%/-2>- -(/+rr1*/(6 &' ;-7'r /+%r1(&+ : /+)*r-&+, /+ '2 -*+:+ &' %1 /+4(4('' : -/1-2 '%*+%+, 2-% -4'% *'%01'r-% A%)-r @ : A%)-r : +r-% /+ &('r+ +7'(&+ (2>/(-)'' 'r' 2+% -9+% @J : '2 """, /1-&+ 'r%'/r'-r(- &' =14'1&'% &'2 )+4()('+ *+2>(/+ C-)7(+ ", : -%(%'' &' 2'+/'% *-r2-)'-r(- 81=()+r(%- L13 S-25-&+ R17(-'%. E%-&+ -/1-2 E2 8(%/-2 H-)(2+ C-%r+ Tr(5+%+ ;- *'&(&+ *'-% &' @" : -9+% &' *r(%(6 *-r- M-r>- L6*'3 C6r&+4- : Er2(% &'2 C-%(22+, r'%*'/(4-)''. E 2+% *r6()+% &>-%, '2 =135-&+ &' (4'%(5-/(6 *r'*-r-+r(+ r'-2(3-r< 2- -1&('/(&' /+r+2 &' -/1%-/(6, ' 2- 01' %' &'8((r< %( '(%' 2-% *r1'7-% %18(/(''% *-r- 01' '%' /-%+ *-%' - =1(/(+ *72(/+. M++ US\ `#!,J.#! Pr(/(*-2'% ()*2(/-&+% fM-r>- L6*'3 C6r&+4fEr2(% +;%+ &'2 C-%(22+ C-9-r(
PETROAUDIOS. TRIBUNAL DEBE DECIDIR INICIO DE UICIO PÚBLICO L- &(81%(6 *72(/- &' 1+% -1&(+% +7'(&+% - r-4% &' 1- (2'5-2 ('r/'*-/(6 '2'86(/- *1%+ -2 &'%/17('r+ +/12-% '5+/(-/(+'% 'r' -2+% 81/(+-r(+% &' P'r+*'r : P'r1*'r+ /+ *'r%+-='% 4(/12-&+% -2 ' *r'%(&'' A2- G-r/>-, - 8( &' 2+5r-r 01' 2- +r1'5- D(%/+4'r P'r+2'1) 5-' 1- 2(/(-/(6 *-r- '*2+r-/(6 : '*2+-/(6 &' *'r62'+ ' /1-r+ 2+'% 17(/-&+% ' M-&r' &' D(+% : '2 36/-2+ /+('-2. E%-&+ -/1-2 A'% &' 8( &' -9+, 2- S-2- P'-2 L(01(&-&+r- &' 2- C+r' &' 1%(/(- &' L()&'7' &(%*+'r '2 ((/(+ &'2 =1(/(+ *72(/+ r'%*'/(4+. E -7r(2 &' '%' -9+, 28(%/-2 %1*'r(+r D'2(- E%*(+3- %+2(/(6 *'-% &' /(/+ ;-%- +/;+ -9+% &' /-, ' )((%r+ -*r(%fA27'r+ 1>)*'r, -7+5-&+ r(71-r(%fD-('2 S-7- &' A&r'-, ' *r'%(&'' &' P'r1*'r+
fC%-r G1(rr'3 P'9-, ' *r'%(&'' &' P'r+*'r fF+r1-+ C--< F'r<&'3, ')*r'%-r(+ &+)((/-+ f+%'( K-r K='r%-&,*r'%(&'' &' D(%/+4'r P'r+2'1) I'r-(+-2 fM-r(+ D>-3 L15+, ')*r'%-r(+ )'(/-+.
NARCOINDULTOS& FISCALÍA ANTICORRUPCIÓN ANALIA EPEDIENTES DE CONMUTACIÓN M(51'2 F-/1&+ C;(51'2, ' *r'%(&'' &' C+)(%(6 &' I&12+ : D'r'/;+ &' Gr-/(- *+r R-3+'% H1)-(-r(-% : C+)1-/(6 &' P'-, ' '2 *'r>+&+ "" -2 "@", '%< -/1%-&+ &' 2(&'r-r, )('r-% '%14+ - /-r5+ &' '%- /+)(%(6, 1+r5-(3-/(6 (2>/(- *-r- /+7r-r - *r'%+% /+&'-&+% *+r &'2(+% &' -r/+r<8(/+ : +r+% 5r-4'% (2>/(+%, - /-)7(+ &' 01' '2 ' *r'%(&'' A2- G-r/>- 2'% /+)1' %1% /+&'-%. L- 8(%/-2>- %'9-2- 2- '(%'/(- &' &+% (4'2'% 81/(+-2'% ' '%- +r5-(3-/(6, 1+ +*'r-(4+ '/-7'3-&+ *+r F-/1&+, : 1 (4'2 &' *r+'//(6 *+2>(/-. E%-&+ -/1-2 L1'5+ &' 2+5r-r 01' %' &(%*+5- 2- *r(%(6 *r'4'(4- &' F-/1&+ C;(51'2 *+r 1'4' )'%'%, '2 8(%/-2 -(/+rr1*/(6 ]-2'r D'25-&+ ;- 'r-&+ ' 2- '-*- &' '4-21-/(6 : r'4(%(6 &' 2+% /('+% &' '*'&(''% &' /+)1-/(6 &' *'-%, : ' 2+% *r6()+% )'%'% 8+r)12-r< -/1%-/(6 *'-2 *-r- '2 ((/(+ &'2 =1(/(+ *72(/+. M++ (&''r)(-&+ Pr(/(*-2'% ()*2(/-&+% fM(51'2 F-/1&+ C;(51'2, *r'%(&'' &' 2- C+)(%(6 &' I&12+% : Gr-/(-% Pr'%(&'/(-2'%, "" -2 "@". fN+'2(- G6)'3 P-12', %'/r'-r(- &' 2- C+)(%(6. =1(+ &' ""!%'(')7r' &'2 "@ f M-1'2 C-rr'r- T+r(7(+, 8-/(2(-&+r &' 2+% (&12+%
COMUNICORE& EL UICIO SIGUE A RELIMA Y GERENTES MUNICIPALES A 8('% &'2 -9+ ""!, 2- M1(/(*-2(&-& &' L()- r'/++/(6 : *-56 1- &'1&- 8-4+r &' 2- ')*r'%- R'2()- *+r ! )(22+'% &' %+2'%. E%- -/r''/(- 81' ()'&(--)'' /+)*r-&- : /+7r-&- ' '8'/(4+ *+r C+)1(/+r', 01' %+2+ -7+6 @# )(22+'% - R'2()-. E%-&+ -/1-2
E 2-% *r6()-% %')--% 2- 8(%/-2>- &'7'r< &''r)(-r %( 8+r)12- /-r5+% /+r@! 81/(+-r(+% &' 2- M1(/(*-2(&-& &' L()-, &' R'2()- : C+)1(/+r'. L&'8'%- &'2 '+/'% -2/-2&' &' L()- L1(% C-%-9'&- 2+5r6 01' '%' 81'r'/21(&+ &'2 *r+/'%+. M++ -8'/-&+ Sb. )(22+'% Pr(/(*-2'% ()*2(/-&+% fÁ5'2 Pr'3 R+&-%, ' 5'r'' )1(/(*-2 f1- B2'% G-r/>-, ' 5'r'' 8(-/('r+. C-r2+% A%)- D:'r, ' 5'r'' &' S'r4(/(+% - 2- C(1&-& fO&(26 G-%*-r A)-&+, ' 5'r'' &' R'2()fM(51'2 G-rr+ B-rr'r-, ' 5'r'' 8(-/('r+ &' R'2()fR-8-'2 R1(3 C+r'r-%, ' *r'%(&'' &' C+)1(/+r'. f+% L1(% P((22+% Br+55(, ' &(r'/+r &' C+)1(/+r'. f H'r: Br-/;+[(/3 V'2-, ' 5'r'' 5''r-2 &' C+)1(/+r'. f +12' V(2- V(2-, r'/21-&+r &' *+72-&+r'%.
MINISTERIO PÚBLICO& AL GERENTE HAY UE IR A VERLO CON PLATAJ A 8('% &' &(/(')7r' &'2 "@", 1 ')*2'-&+ &'2 M((%'r(+ P72(/+ : &+% *r+4''&+r'% &'1/(-r+ 01' 1 -%'%+r &'2 8(%/-2 &' 2- N-/(6, +% P'2<'3, 2'% *'&>- '2 @"^ &' 2+% /+r-+% *-r- 01' 5--r- 2-% 2(/(-/(+'% &' /+%r1//(6. A2 2'4--r%' '2 %'/r'+ &' 2-% /+)1(/-/(+'%, %' &'%/17r(6 01' '2 ('5r-' &'2 C+)( E%*'/(-2 &' L(/(-/(+'% &' 2- 8(%/-2>- +r5' Orr'5+ V-r5-% : F2-4(+ M-r>'3 M+r-2'% %' ;-7>- r'1(&+ /+ 2+% r'*r'%'-'% &' &+% ')*r'%-% /+%r1/+r-% - 2-% 01' ;-7r>- *'&(&+ "" )(2 %+2'% *-r- 5--r 2- 2(/(-/(6. E%-&+ -/1-2 E =12(+ 2()+, F2-4(+ M+r-2'% -1/(6 %1 ('/(6 &' -/+5'r%' - 2- /+2-7+r-/(6 '8(/-3 : &'1/(6 01' 2- r'& 01' /+7r- *+r 2-% 2(/(-/(+'% %(51' -/(4- ' '2 M((%'r(+ P72(/+, INPE : '2 )1(/(*(+ &' '%% M-r>-. A2 5'r'' ;-: 01' (r - 4'r2+ /+ *2--, -8(r)6. E2 8(%/-2 D+)(5+ Pr'3 : 2-% =1'3-% -(/+rr1*/(6 S+2'&-& S-(%'7-, D-:%( Ur(+2 : M-r2'' N':r- &'7' &'/(&(r %( -/+5' '2 *'&(&+ &' M+r-2'%, '2 (/+ &''(&+ *+r '%' /-%+, : -)*2>- 2- (4'%(5-/(6. M++ -8'/-&+ Sb. "" )(2
Pr(/(*-2 ()*2(/-&+ f +r5' Orr'5+ V-r5-%, -%'%+r &' 2- 5'r'/(- 5''r-2 &'2 M((%'r(+ P72(/+.
FOTOPAPELETAS& LOS FONDOS UE TERMINARON EN LA CUENTA DE UN GENERAL L- Pr+/1r-&1r>- : 2- F(%/-2>- -(/+rr1*/(6 &'%/17r('r+ 01' *-r' &' 2+% 8+&+% /-*-&+% *+r 2- )1(/(*-2(&-& &'2 C-22-+, *+r 2-% 8++ *-*'2'-% ' (8r-//(+'% -2 r'52-)'+ &' -(, 'r)(-r+ ' 2- /1'- *'r%+-2 &'2 ' ='8' *+2(/(-2 ' '2 *r()'r *1'r+. L- 'r'5- &' 2+% 8+&+% %' r'-2(36 ' 4(r1& &' 1 /+4'(+ %1%/r(+ 'r' 2M1(/(*-2(&-& : 2- P+2(/>- ' "". E2 /+4'(+ '%-72'/>- 1 8+&+ 01' &'7>%'r 'r'5-&+ (&(4(&1-2)'' - 2+% *+2(/>-% 01' *r'%-r+ %'r4(/(+% &' %'51r(&-& /(1&-&--, : 2+ r'%-' &'7>- %'r4(r *-r- )'=+r-r 2- (8r-'%r1/1r*+2(/(-2. S( ')7-r5+, '%' &('r+ r'%-' : 1 )++ 8(=+ &' Sb. " )(2 )'%1-2'% 81'r+ &'*+%(-&+% ' 2- /1'- *'r%+-2 &'2 ='8' *+2(/(-2 &'2 C-22-+ : 1%-&- %( (5 /+r+2 ' *-5+% - (8+r)-'%, /+)+ '2 ' r'/21%+ A2&+ E%01(4'2, : 2r'/1*'r-/(6 &' 4';>/12+% r+7-&+%. E%-&+ -/1-2 L- 8(%/-2>- *(&' *'-% &' ;-%- -9+% &' /-% '2 =135-&+ - /-r5+ &'/(&(r< %( '2 /-%+ *-%- =1(/(+. M++ -8'/-&+ Sb. #.""" Pr(/(*-2'% ()*2(/-&+% f Br1+ &' B''&'( V-r5-%, 5''r-2 PNP ' r'(r+. f S-24-&+r C-%-9'&- C6r&+4-, 5'r'' )1(/(*-2. C-r2+% S+2>% G-:+%+, 5'r'' &' '%+r'r>-. 12(+ P-23- P-23-, 5'r'' &' /+-7(2(&-&. f A2&+ E%01(4'2 S1:6, L+/+ A2&+, ' r'+.
DESVÍO DEL PRESUPUESTO DE FFAA PARA ASEGURAR REELECCIÓN DE FUIMORI E '2 )-r/+ &' 2- (4'%(5-/(6 -2 ' -%'%+r *r'%(&'/(-2 V2-&()(r+ M+'%(+% T+rr'% : 2- r'& &' /+rr1*/(6 81=()+r(%-, %' /+/21:6 01' *-r' &' 2+% 8+&+% *r'%1*1'%-2'% -%(5-&+% - 2- )+&'r(3-/(6 &' 2-% F1'r3-% Ar)-&-% 81'
&'%4(-&- -2 S'r4(/(+ &' I'2(5'/(- N-/(+-2 *-r- *-5-r - 2+% &(-r(+% /;(/;- 01' 'r' 8('% &' @ : =1(+ &'2 -9+ """ -*+:-r+ 2- (2'5-2 %'51&r''2'//(6 /+%'/1(4- &' A27'r+ F1=()+r(, ' 2-% '2'//(+'% &' '%' -9+. M+'%(+% : 2+% *r(/(*-2'% ='8'% )(2(-r'% &' 2- *+/- -/'*-r+ 2+% /-r5+% : :- 81'r+ /+&'-&+% *+r '22+. E%-&+ -/1-2 L- S-2- P'-2 L(01(&-&+r- &' L()- ;- 8(=-&+ *-r- '2 @ &' +/17r' '2 ((/(+ &'2 =1(/(+ *72(/+ -2 ' *r'%(&'' A27'r+ F1=()+r(. D-&+ 01' '%- %''/(- + %' %1)- - %1 /+&'- &' ! -9+% &' /
COBROS ILEGALES EN ENTREGA DE CRDITOS PARA VIVIENDA DE LOS POLICÍAS L1'5+ &' 2- &''/(6 &'2 r-)(-&+r M'2(6 Z-*-- A*+2+, 01(' 815>- &' )-:+r PNP, 2- 8(%/-2>- &'%/17r(6 01' &'r+ &' 2- '%r1/1r- -&)((%r-(4- &'2 F+&+ &' V(4('&- P+2(/(-2 +*'r-7- 1- r'& )-8(+%- 01' *-r- -*r+7-r : 'r'5-r 2+% *r%-)+% 01' %+2(/(- +8(/(-2'% : %17+8(/(-2'% 2'% /+7r-7- 'r' ! : @" *+r /('+ &'2 )++ &' 2+% /r&(+%. A 2+% 01' + *-5-7- 2'% &')+r-7- 2- r'%*1'%- + *r+5r-)-7- 2+% &'%/1'+% %( 'r'5-r2'% 2+% /r&(+%. E%-&+ -/1-2 E2 /-%+ %' '/1'r- ' (4'%(5-/(6 *r'*-r-+r(- : -'% &' 8( &' -9+ 28(%/-2>- &'7' *r+/'&'r - 8+r)12-r /-r5+% : *'&(r *'- &' //(-. M++ -8'/-&+ (&''r)(-&+ Pr(/(*-2'% ()*2(/-&+% fC+r+'2 PNP H17' A27'r+ E%/+7-r Z-4-2-, 5'r'' &' 8( -3-% &'2 F+4(*+2. fC+( N--2( M19+3 E%*(-2, %'/r'-r(- &'2 F+4(*+2.
INKABOR& SE HACE HUMO EPEDIENTE CON UNA DEMANDA POR S. 11 MILLONES E2 "", 2- SUNAT &''r)(6 01' 2- ')*r'%- I-7+r %' -/+5(6 (&'7(&-)'' -2 r5()' &' Dr-[7-/ r'%(1/(6 &' &'r'/;+% -r-/'2-r(+%, *+r 2+ 01'
r'/2-)6 2- &'4+21/(6 &' 2+ /+7r-&+. P'r+ /1-&+ '2 r'/2-)+ %' (7- =1&(/(-2(3-r, '2 '*'&('' &' 2- &')-&- %' *'r&(6. L- Pr+/1r-&1r>- &'%/17r(6 1 -/1'r&+ 'r' &(r'/(4+% &' I-7+r, 81/(+-r(+% &' SUNAT, r(71-2 8(%/-2 : &'2 P *-r- 01' 2- &')-&- %' *'r&('%'. S(1-/(6 -/1-2 L- 8(%/-2 %1*'r(+r D'2(- E%*(+3- %+2(/(6 - 2- S-2- &' A*'2-/(+'% &' L()(/21(r ' '2 *r+/'%+ - I-7+r, 2+ 01' -7r' 2- *+%(7(2(&-& - 2- SUNAT *-rr'/2-)-r 2- &'1&-. M++ Sb. @@ )(22+'% Pr(/(*-2'% ()*2(/-&+% f 1- Z'4-22+% B-rr'&-, 5'r'' &' I-7+r f A+(+ Á24-r'3 D>-3, -%'%+r &'2 Tr(71-2 F(%/-2 f M-r(+ C-22' C-)-, -7+5-&+ &' 2- SUNAT
COBROS POR SERVICIOS FANTASMAS EN ESÚS MARÍA L1'5+ &' 2- &''/(6 &'2 ' %175'r'' &' D'%-rr+22+ Ur7-+ &' 2M1(/(*-2(&-& &' '%1% M-r>- R+7'r+ L2-=- T-81r, 2- 8(%/-2>- '/+r6 1- %'r(' &' (&(/(+% : *r1'7-% &' 2- '(%'/(- &' 1- r'& &' /+rr1*/(6 01' (4+21/r-7- -2+% 81/(+-r(+% &' &(/;+ )1(/(*(+ ' '2 /+7r+ &' /1*+% *-r- 2(/'/(-% &' /+%r1//(6 ' '2 /(-&+ &(%r(+ :, -&')<%, /+7r+% -2 E%-&+ *+r /+r-+ &' 7(''% : '='/1/(6 &' %'r4(/(+%, /+)+ )-'()('+ + r'*-r-/(6 &' 4'r'&-%, 01' 1/- %' r'-2(3-r+. E%-&+ -/1-2 E2 =1'3 S'5(%)1&+ L'6 V'2-%/+, &'2 c 135-&+ &' I4'%(5-/(6 Pr'*-r-+r(-, &'7'r< &'/(&(r ' 2+% *r6()+% &>-% %( ;-: *r1'7-% %18(/(''% *-r- 22'4-r - =1(/(+ -2 -2/-2&' &' '%% M-r>-, *+r &(/;+% ;'/;+%, + +&+ &'7' -r/;(4-r%'. L- 8(%/-2>- -(/+rr1*/(6 ;- *'&(&+ %'(% -9+% &' /(/+%. M++ -8'/-&+ P+r &''r)(-r. Pr(/(*-2 ()*2(/-&+. fEr(01' O/r+%*+)- P'22-, -2/-2&' &(%r(-2 &' '%% M-r>-.
PERU.21 EL CONGRESO ES LA INSTITUCION MS CORRUPTA DEL PAIS, SEGÚN SONDEO INS?LITO. E2 -9+ *-%-&+ +/1*-7- '2 'r/'r *1'%+, *'r+ -;+r- '%< *+r '/()- &' 2- P+2(/>- : &'2 P+&'r 1&(/(-2, %'5 %+&'+ '/-r5-&+ *+r Pr+(/-. E 5''r-2, '/1'%-&+% *'r/(7' 01' /+rr1*/(6 %' (/r')'6 '%' -9+ L+% 2()+% '%/<&-2+% &'2 C+5r'%+ &' 2- R'*72(/-, /+)+ 2- dr'*-r(=-` &' 2+% /-r5+% *72(/+% ' '2 Tr(71-2 C+%(1/(+-2, 2- D'8'%+r>- &'2 P1'72+ : '2 B-/+ C'r-2 &'2 R'%'r4- a-2 /+)+ 2+ &'1/(-r- gP'r@ga, -&')<% &'2 (/r')'+ &'2 *r'%1*1'%+ : &'2 -1)'+ (&(%/r()(-&+ &' 2- *2-(22- &' r-7-=-&+r'%, =1+ /+ '2 72(&-=' - 2'5(%2-&+r'% /+&'-&+% *+r '2 P+&'r 1&(/(-2, 2' ;- *-%-&+ 2- 8-/1r-. L- VIII E/1'%- N-/(+-2 %+7r' P'r/'*/(+'% &' 2- C+rr1*/(6 ' '2 P'r "@, '2-7+r-&+ *+r I*%+% P'r *+r '/-r5+ &' Pr+(/-, r'4'2- 01' '2 !!^ &' 2- *+72-/(6 /+%(&'r- 01' '2 L'5(%2-(4+ '% 2- (%(1/(6 )<% /+rr1*- ' '2 *->%. I/21%+ %'9-2- 01' %1 &'%/r&(+ '%< -;+r- *+r '/()- &' 2- P+2(/>- N-/(+-2 !^ : &'2 P+&'r 1&(/(-2 #^, 01' %(')*r' %' ;- &(%*1-&+ '%' *1'%+. E% )<%, ' "@, '2 P-r2-)'+ +/1*-7- 2- 'r/'r- *+%(/(6 ' &(/;- /-'5+r>-. L-% )1(/(*-2(&-&'% ^, 2+% 5+7('r+% r'5(+-2'% #^, 2+% *-r(&+% *+2>(/+% ^, 2- F(%/-2>- &' 2- N-/(6 @^, '2 G+7('r+ C'r-2 @@^, 2-% F1'r3-% Ar)-&-% @"^ : 2-% ')*r'%-% *r(4-&-% ^ -)7( 8(51r- ' 22(%- &' 2-% (%(1/(+'% )<% /+rr1*-%, 01' -;+r- 2(&'r- '2 C+5r'%+. U- '4(&'/(- )<% &' 01' 2- *+72-/(6 *'r/(7' 01' + %' ;- -4-3-&+ ' 221/;- /+r- 2- /+rr1*/(6, *'%' - 01' 81' 1- *r+)'%- '2'/+r-2 &'2 )-&--r(+ O22-- H1)-2-. E2 *r'%(&'' &' 2- C<)-r- &' C+)'r/(+ &' L()-, S-)1'2 G2'(%'r, -&4(r(6 01' 1+ &' 2+% r'%12-&+% )<% ()*+r-'% &' '%' %+&'+ '% 01' &' /-&- ! '/1'%-&+% /+%(&'r- 01' 2- /+rr1*/(6 '% '2 *r(/(*-2 +7%%, : ' '2 /-%+ &' 2+% ')*r'&'&+r'%, 2- /(8r- %17' - # &' /-&- ! 'r'4(%-&+%. Pr'/(%6 -)7( 01' '2 !!^ ('' /2-r+ 01' 2- 5r- /-(&-& &' r-7-% 71r+/r<(/-% *r+*(/(- 2-% /+&(/(+'% *-r- '2 *-5+ &' /+()-%, : '2 !^ /+%(&'r- 01' %( ;17('r- )'+% +7%- )'+% -/+% &' /+rr1*/(6.
CULPA DE LA REPARTIA P+r %1 *-r', 2- &(r'/+r- &' Pr+(/-, C'/(2(- B2+&', &(=+ 01' '%- '/1'%r'82'=- '2 (4'2 &' )-2'%-r 01' ('' 2- /(1&-&->- 8r'' -2 E%-&+ ' '2 ')&' 2- /+rr1*/(6. H-: 1- %'r(' &' )'&(&-% 01' ;- +)-&+ '2 G+7('r+, *'r+ 2- *+72-/(6 + 2+ %(''. L- *'r/'*/(6 '% 01' '2 E%-&+ %+2+ 81/(+- /1-&+ %' *-5-, (&(/6 - P'r@. R'%*'/+ -2 (/r')'+ &'2 *+r/'-=' &' 2- *+72-/(6 01' /r'' 01' &'r+ &' /(/+ -9+% 2- /+rr1*/(6 ' '2 P'r ;-7r< -1)'-&+, B2+&' %'9-26 01' ;-: 1 *r+72')- &' &'%/+8(-3-, &'%('r%, &'%-8'//(6 : &'%(21%(6 8r'' - 1 5+7('r+ 01' *r+)'(6 21/;-r /+r- 2- /+rr1*/(6 : 01', 21'5+ &' &+% -9+%, + '%< 'r'5-&+ r'%12-&+%. E%- '/1'%- -)7( r'4'2- 01' %+2+ '2 ^ /+%(&'r- 01' '2 *r'%(&'' H1)-2- ('' 2(&'r-35+ *-r- 21/;-r /+r- '%' 82-5'2+, 8r'' -2 ^ 01' /+%(&'r- 01' ('' *+/+ + -&- &' 2(&'r-35+. E '2 %+&'+ %' +7%'r4- 01' '2 !^ /+%(&'r- 01' 2- /+rr1*/(6 '% '2 *r(/(*-2 *r+72')- 01' '8r'- '2 E%-&+ *-r- 2+5r-r '2 &'%-rr+22+ &'2 *->%. P'r+ 2+ )<% *r'+/1*-' '% 01' '2 ^ &' 2+% *'r1-+% %' )1'%r- +2'r-' -2 *-5+ &' /+()-% : -2 ;'/;+ &' 01' 1 81/(+-r(+ *72(/+ 8-4+r'3/- *-r(''% : -)(5+% *-r- -5(2(3-r 1 r<)(' *72(/+. S'5 '2 )(%)+ %+&'+, '2 !^ + %-7' /6)+ ( &6&' &'1/(-r '%+% /-%+%. E% )<%, '2 J^ /r'' 01' 2+% r'%12-&+% &' %1% &'1/(-% + %+ '8'/(4+% + %+ *+/+ '8'/(4+%. L+% *+2>(/+% ('' 2- ()-5' *+r 2+% %1'2+% *1'% '2 @^ /r'' 01' 'r' '22+% ;-: )<% /+rr1*/(6 ' 2- %+/('&-&. R'%12-&+% *-r- r'82'(+-r.
EL COMERCIO C$++(/#!" e" e Pe+8 e"e+' /+-!-'% /$+ USQ3.*0 9!$"e% ' '$ E2 /+r-2+r F1-& K;+1r: &(=+ 01' '%' )-2 -8'/- &(r'/-)'' - ,J )(22+'% &' /+)*-r(+-% 01' 4(4' ' 2- *+7r'3L- /+rr1*/(6 '% 1 2-%r' 01' ()*(&' '2 /r'/()('+ '/+6)(/+ &'2 P'r : 5''r- *r&(&-% -1-2'% *+r 1+% @".""" )(22+'% &' %+2'% 1+% .!" )(22+'% &' &62-r'% -2 -9+, %+%14+ ;+: '2 /+r-2+r, F1-& K;+1r:. E2 P'r '% 1 *->% =+4', 81'r' : /+ ''r5>-, *'r+ /-r5- /+ 1 2-%r' 01' %' 22-)- /+rr1*/(6. L+ ('' ' %1 '%*-2&- : 2' ()*(&' ;-/'r 1 '%81'r3+ )-:+r *+r /r'/'r.g E% 1 2-%r' 01' r'*r'%'- -*r+()-&-)'' ^ &'2 *r+&1/+
('r+ 7r1+g, %'9-26 K;+1r: &1r-' 2- IV C+8'r'/(- A(/+rr1*/(6 I'r-/(+-2. E2 '/1'r+, &'+)(-&+ R'&'% *-r- 2- *r'4'/(6 &' 2- /+rr1*/(6, %' /'2'7r- *+r /1-r+ -9+ /+%'/1(4+ ' L()- : 81' (-151r-&+ ;+: *+r '2 *r'%(&'' &'2 C+%'=+ &' M((%r+% &' P'r, 1- ()'3 M-:+r. K;+1r: &(=+ 01' 2- /+rr1*/(6 -8'/- &(r'/-)'' - ,J )(22+'% &' *'r1-+% 01' 4(4' ' 2- *+7r'3-, &' 2+% /1-2'% /-%( )(22+'% %+ /+%(&'r-&+% ' 'r')- *+7r'3-, *+r 2+ 01', (&(/6, %' *1'&' /+%(&'r-r 01' -'- /+r- 2+% &'r'/;+% 81&-)'-2'%.
A#(%'#!" #$"%)!)(#!$"' #$")+' M!#'e U+)e#$ %e+ !%)' $7 E2 /1'%(+-&+ 2'5(%2-&+r '% -/1%-&+ *+r 2+% *r'%1+% &'2(+% &' /+/1%(6, '%-8- : 'r(01'/()('+ (2>/(+ L- &'1/(- /+%(1/(+-2 /+r- '2 /1'%(+-&+ /+5r'%(%- M(/;-'2 Ur'/;+, *+r '2 r'/+r' &' %1'2&+% - 2+% ' r-7-=-&+r'% &' %1 &'%*-/;+, %'r< --2(3-&;+:, )-r'%. L- S17/+)(%(6 &' A/1%-/(+'% C+%(1/(+-2'%, 01' *r'%(&' M-r/+ F-2/+> U(6 R'5(+-2, --2(3-r< '2 /-%+ ' %1 *r()'r- %'%(6 +r&(-r(-, 01' /+)'3-r< - 2- @ &' 2- -r&' ' 2- %-2- +% A7'2-r&+ 1(9+'% &'2 P-2-/(+ L'5(%2-(4+. S+7r' Ur'/;+ *'%- &+% -/1%-/(+'%, 2- *r()'r- ;'/;- *+r 2+% ' )(')7r+% &' 2- C+)(%(6 &' É(/- *+r 2+% *r'%1+% &'2(+% &' /+/1%(6, '%-8- : 'r(01'/()('+ (2>/(+. L- %'51&-, )<% -)*2(-, *r+4('' &' 2- 7-/-&- &' A//(6 P+*12-rFr'' A)*2(+, *+r 2+% &'2(+% &' -*r+*(-/(6 (2>/(-, -%+/(-/(6 (2>/(-, /+21%(6, *'/12-&+, '5+/(-/(6 (/+)*-(72' + -*r+4'/;-)('+ (&'7(&+ &'2 /-r5+, 'r(01'/()('+ (2>/(+, 8-2%(8(/-/(6 &' &+/1)'+% : )-24'r%-/(6. gUr'/;+, %'*-r-&+ &' 2- 7-/-&- &' S+2(&-r(&-& N-/(+-2, /1)*2' ' '%+% &>-% 1- %1%*'%(6 &' @" &>-%g %( 5+/' &' ;-7'r.
I(/(-(4-% *-r- 'rr-&(/-r 2- /+rr1*/(6 L- /+rr1*/(6, &'7(&+ - 2- *r+72')<(/- 01' -r-' - 2-% /+&(/(+'% &' 4(&- 01' 5''r-, ;- r'82'=-&+ ' 2- )-:+r>- &' 2- *+72-/(6 ;-)7r' &' %+21/(6 - /+r+ *2-3+, -101' + 2- *+&-)+% 'rr-&(/-r &' 1 %+2+ 5+2*'. P-r- '22+, '(%' ((/(-(4-% -2'% /+)+ 2- r'-8(r)-/(6 &' 2- '&1/-/(6 : 2(&'r-35+, 1r'(4'/(6 &')+/r<(/- : '%-72'/()('+ &' 2':'% 01' *r'4'5- '%+% -/+% &' /+rr1*/(6. A /+(1-/(6, %' '*2(/-r< /6)+ '%+% *1+% *+&r>- &-r *-1-% &' %+21/(6 ' (/'(4+% ' 1'%r- *+72-/(6, *-r- -%> *+'r 1 -2+ '%+% -/+% (2>/(+%. L+ /+/'r('' -2 -%*'/+ )+r-2 --/-r< /+ '2 8( &' (/'(4-r 2- /+/('/(*72(/-, )'&(-' 2- '&1/-/(6 /(1&-&-- : 8+r)-/(6 &' 2>&'r'%, -%> /+)+ 1&')+/r-/(- *-r(/(*-(4-. N1'%r- '&1/-/(6 /(1&-&-- : 8+r)-/(6 &' 2>&'r'% ('' /+)+ 8( '-2'/'r 1- %'r(' &' /+%1)7r'%, -*-r'')'' (%(5(8(/-'%, *+r &'/(r -%>, /+)+ 2- ;+r-&'3, -2r1(%)+, 7+&-&, %+2(&-r(&-&, =1%(/(-, r-%*-r'/(-, '/. L- &')+/r-/(- *-r(/(*-(4- -:1&- - 1'%r+% )'&(+% &' /+)1(/-/(6 ' &-r 4+3 - 2-% -%+/(-/(+'% />4(/-% : *r+8'%(+-2'% 01' *-r(/(*' ' /-)*-9-% /+r- 2- /+rr1*/(6 /+)+ 2- ()*2')'-/(6 ' '2 P'r &' 2- C+4'/(6 &' 2-% N-/(+'% U(&-% &' L1/;- /+r- 2- C+rr1*/(6. E '2 -%*'/+ *+2>(/+ : )<% *r+81&+, *+r /('r+, r--r<, - (4'2 -&)((%r-(4+, 1- )'=+r *-r(/(*-/(6 &' 1'%r+ E%-&+ *-r- /+ +%+r+% )'&(-' 17%01'&- &' 2':'% 01' *r+4'5- &' 2- /+)(%(6 &' -/+% &'2(/(4+%, -%> /+)+ 2- /r'-/(6 &' '(&-&'%. P-r- '22+, )'&(-' 2- 7%01'&- &' 2':'%, %' ('-%'51r-r '2 %(%')- *+2>(/+, -&')<% 01' '%' 7-%-&+ ' *r(/(*(+% 01' +&+% -/'*- + '% &' -/1'r&+. P+r '22+, %' /r'' 01' + '% - %'(r &' 2- ')(%(6 &' 2':'% ( &' r'8+r)-% /+%(1/(+-2'%. P-r- /+%+2(&-r 2+ -'r(+r, -)7( %' ('' ' )'' 2- /r'-/(6 &' '(&-&'% 01' '%1&(' /+ '8'/(4(&-& 2-% '%r-'5(-% -(/+rr1*/(6, - r-4% &' 2- /+%(1/(6 &' 1 +r5-(%)+ + 517'r-)'-2 ONG /+8+r)-&- *+r *r+8'%(+-2'% - (4'2 &' (&1%r(-, /+)'r/(+, 8(-3-%, %'/+r -5r>/+2-, '/. I)*+r-'% 8+r+% ('r-/(+-2'% 4('' &'8(('&+ '2 r1)7+ 01' &'7' %'51(r 2-% *+2>(/-% -(/+rr1*/(6 ' 2- r'5(6. E%+% 8+r+% *2-'-, - r-4% &' %1% 4+/'r+%, -251+% *r(/(*(+% 01' /r'')+% &'7' )-r/-r ' 1- 1 +r- 8+r)- 2+r('-/(6 &' 2- -//(6 - ')*r'&'r ' '2 *->%. S'R &'7' -/1-r %+7r' 2+% %(%')-% ' '2 ''&(&+ &' 01' '2 *r+72')- + '% %+2+ &''/-r *'r%+-% /12*-72'% %(+ -)7( &''/-r 2+% %(%')-% /12*-72'%, *+r01' 2-% *'r%+-% /12*-72'% *1'&' %'r r'')*2-3-&-% *+r +r-% 01' ;-/' 2+ )(%)+ L1>% M+r'+ O/-)*+ONG P+&'r C(1&-&-+.L- &'8'%- &' 2- &')+/r-/(- /+)+ %(%')- *+2>(/+ *'r)(' 01' 2+% -/+% /+rr1*+% %'- &'1/(-&+% : %1% r'%*+%-72'% (4'%(5-&+% : %-/(+-&+%. Or+ *r(/(*(+ '% '2 r'/;-3+ - 2()*1(&-&. E%- /+%(%' ' 'rr-&(/-r /1-201('r 8+r)- &' ()*1(&-& *+r01'
'22-, r'r+-2()'- &(/;+ 8'6)'+. S1% *r(/(*-2'% +7='(4+% %'r< 8+)'-r 2*-r(/(*-/(6 : +r5-(3-/(6 /(1&-&-- ' 2- 21/;- -(/+rr1*/(6 /+ 8-%(% ' 2+ '&1/-(4+ : ' 2- -//(6 &' 2+% )'&(+% &' /+)1(/-/(6. E %>'%(%, *-r- /+r+2-r 2- /+rr1*/(6, %' '/'%(- 1 *r+81&+ /-)7(+ ' 2/+/('/(- &' 2+% (&(4(&1+%, *r+&1/('&+ -%> 1- /+&1/- ;+'%- : %+2(&-r(2(7r' &' -/+% (2>/(+%. A&')<%, '%' /-)7(+, %( '% 01' %' &-, '%< /+&'-&+ r'-2(3-r%' *-12-(-)'' : + - /+r+ *2-3+. D' '%- )-'r-, '2 4-/(6 : 2- %'& &' %+21/(6 : r'4-/;- 4(4(r< ' '2 /+r-36 &' 2- 5'' *+r )<% (')*+. Urge adoptar la tolerancia cero contra la corrupción
C('r-)'' 2- /+rr1*/(6 &' -1+r(&-&'% : 81/(+-r(+% '% 1- 7-rr'r- 01' ()*(&' -+ '2 &'%-rr+22+ &'2 P'r /+)+ &' +r+% *->%'%. P+r '%+ 1r5' &-r 1- r'%*1'%8r-/- : /+1&'' - (4'2 -/(+-2 ' ('r-/(+-2, -&+*-&+ 1(-r(-)'' 2+2'r-/(- /'r+ /+r- 2- /+rr1*/(6, &-&+ 01' %1 -5r-4-)('+ *+' ' r('%5+ 2+% )'&(+% &' %17%(%'/(- &' )(22+'% &' *'r%+-% ' %(1-/(6 &' *+7r'3-. S' '/'%(- )'&(&-% )<% 'r5(/-% *-r- 8+r-2'/'r 2- 5+7'r-7(2(&-& ' +&+ '2 )1&+ : '8(2-r ' /+r- &' 2- /+rr1*/(6. T-)7( 01'&- /2-r+ 01' 2+% /+)*r+)(%+% &' 2+% 5+7('r+% ' 2- 21/;- /+r- 2/+rr1*/(6 '%< ' /1'%(6, -%> /+)+ 2- r-%*-r'/(- &' 2+% )(%)+%. H-/' 8-22- *r%'% &+&' 2+% /+rr1*+% *1'&- '%/+&'r%' 1 +/12-r %1% 8+&+% )-2 ;-7(&+% . Erradicar la corrupción para restablecer la confianza ciudadana
L- /+rr1*/(6 '% 1 *r+72')- )1&(-2 01' &'7' %'r -7+r&-&+ ' 2-% r'8+r)-% 52+7-2'% %+7r' *+2>(/-. E% -)7( 1 ')- &' &' (4'%(5-/(6 )1: &(8>/(2 &' -7+r&-r. E% /+)*r'%(72' 01' r'%12- %1)-)'' /+)*2(/-&+ r'/+5'r &-+% 8(-72'% : &' )-'r- %(%')<(/- %+7r' -/(4(&-&'% (2'5-2'% + *r+&1/+% &' '22- #. N+ +7%-', '% ()*+r-' 01' %' -&+*' /+)+ *-r' &' 2-% r'8+r)-% -/(+-2'% /+)*r+)(%+% 8rr'+% /+r- '22-. E% *r'/(%+ '(5(r 1- )-:+r 8(%/-2(3-/(6 517'r-)'-2 : 1- r-%*-r'/(- *72(/- )-:+r ' +&-% 2-% )'&(&-% -&+*-&-% *-r- r'&1/(r 2-% +*+r1(&-&'% : 2+% r('%5+% %(%)(/+% &' 2- /+rr1*/(6 : '2 8r-1&' ' '2 %'/+r *72(/+ : ' '2 *r(4-&+. D' )-'r- 01' '2 )'%-=' '% /2-r+ : %'/(22+ ' +&+ '2 )1&+, 2- r-%*-r'/(- : 2- r'&(/(6 &' /1'-% %+ /r1/(-2'% *-r- r'%-72'/'r 2- /+8(-3- : r'4'r(r '2 82-5'2+ &' 2- /+rr1*/(6. S( '22-%, '%-r< ' r('%5+ 2-% %+21/(+'% *+2>(/-% -/(+-2'% : 52+7-2'% - 2+% +r+% 5r-&'% *r+72')-% &' 2- ;1)-(&-& 2- *+7r'3-, '2 &'%')*2'+, 2- (%'51r(&-& *72(/-, '2 r<8(/+ &' &r+5-%, '2 /-)7(+ /2()<(/+ : ' 5''r-2 2-% &(4'r%-% /r(%(% -/(+-2'% : )1&(-2'%.
CONCLUSION
E %>'%(%, *+&')+% -8(r)-r 01' 2- /+rr1*/(6 -8'/- - 1'%r+ *->% *1'% '%< 7(' -rr-(5-&- ' 1'%r- %+/('&-& 2+ 01' /+22'4- - 01' + ;-:- 1 71' /+r+2 &' 2- '/++)>- : *+r 2+ -+ 1- )-2- /-2(&-& &' 4(&- *-r- 2*+72-/(6. E%' *r+72')- + %+2+ (4+21/r- - 2-% -2-% '%8'r-% &' 1'%r%+/('&-& %(+ -)7( ' 2+% &')<% '%r-+% %+/(-2'% 01' *+r %1 *+7r'3- + *1'&' ;-/'r -&-. P+r '22+ &'7')+% 8+)'-r 1- /121r- -(/+rr1*/(6 &'%&' 2- (8-/(- *-r- 01' ' 2-% 811r-% 5''r-/(+'% *+&-)+% &'%'rr-r '%' 5r-4' *r+72')-.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA BURGA, M-1'2b FLORES GALINDO, A27'r+. A*+5'+ : /r(%(% &' 2- R'*72(/ Ar(%+/r<(/-, L()- @", ' '%*'/(-2, *. %%. CARMAGNAN(, M-r/'22+, E%-&+ : S+/('&-& ' A)r(/- L-(- @!" @", B-r/'2+- @#. COTLER, 12(+, C2-%'%, E%-&+ : N-/(6 ' '2 P'r, #. '&(/(+., IEP E&(/(+'%, L()- @, ' *-r(/12-r, *. @ %%. CONTRERAS, C-r2+% : M-r/+% CUETO H(%+r(- &'2 P'r C+')*+r<'+ R'& *-r- '2 D'%-rr+22+ &' 2-% C('/(-% S+/(-2'% ' '2 P'r. L()-, @. COTLER, 12(+ : R+)'+ GROMPONE E2 F1=()+r(%)+. A%/'%+ : /->&- &' 1 r5()' -1+r(-r(+ IEP. L()-, """. DIEZ CANSECO, -4('r. B-2-/' &' 2- (4'r%(6 *r(4-&- : *r(4-(3-/(6 @ ""@. C+)(%(6 I4'%(5-&+r- &' D'2(+% E/+6)(/+% : F(-/('r+% &'2 C+5r'%+ &' 2- R'*72(/-. L()-, F+&+ E&(+r(-2 &'2 C+5r'%+ &'2 P'r, "". CD OHNSTON, M(/;-'2 L- 7%01'&- &' &'8((/(+'% 2- 4(-2(&-& &' 2- *+2>(/- : '2 *r+72')- &' 2- /+rr1*/(6 E R'4(%- I'r-/(+-2 &' C('/(-% S+/(-2'%. N1). @#, @J. [[[.1'%/+.+r5b(%%=br(/%@#b=+;%+.;) KALBER, '88r':, É(/-, -71%+% &' *+&'r : /+rr1*/(6 ' '2 P'r. U*'r%*'/(4- ;(%6r(/-, ' P+(8(/(- U(4'r%(&-& C-62(/- &'2 P'r, F1&-/(6 T('r, L()- @, ' *-r(/12-r, *. @ %%. KLITGAARD, R+7'r C+r+2-&+ 2- /+rr1*/(6 F1&-/(6 H-% S'(&'2, E&(+r(-2 1(*1%. L- P-3, @". MATOS MAR, +%, D'%7+r&' *+*12-r : /r(%(% &'2 E%-&+, I%(1+ &' E%1&(+% P'r1-+%, L()- @. OLIVERA, M-r(+ H-/(- 1- %+/(+2+5>- &' 2- /+rr1*/(6 E R'4(%- Pr+7(&-& Ne @J O/17r'N+4(')7r', ""@ - [[[.r'4(%-*r+7(&-&.(8+b"@Jb"".;)2 R'2-/(+'% *'2(5r+%-%. L'5(%2-/(6 &'%(%(1/(+-2(3-&+r: /+rr1*/(6 ' '2 P'r E R'4(%- Pr+7(&-& Ne @J O/17r'N+4(')7r', ""@ 7 [[[.r'4(%-*r+7(&-&.(8+b"@Jb""@.;)2 F-/+r'% %+/(+*+2>(/+% : /121r-2'% 01' *+%(7(2(- 2/+rr1*/(6 E R'4(%Pr+7(&-& Ne @ F'7r'r+, "" [[[.r'4(%-*r+7(&-&.(8+b"@b"@.;)2
PEASE Fr-2(, G. Y., P'r. H+)7r' ' H(%+r(-. Er' '2 %(52+ XVI : '2 XVIII, 4+2. II, L()- @, ' '%*'/(-2, *. J %%. PEDRAGLIO, S-(-5+ D(-56%(/+ &'2 '%-&+ &' 2- 21/;- /+r- 2- /+rr1*/(6 ' '2 P'r """ a Pr+'(/- ."" PROÉTICA. L()-, "". P%(/+-<2(%(% &' 2- /+rr1*/(6. P+2>(/- : (/- ' '2 P'r /+')*+r<'+ P'(%-. L()-, "". PEREYRA, O)-r P'r/'*/(+'% %+7r' 2- /+rr1*/(6 ' 2- 3+- +r' &'2 P'r S'r4(/(+% E&1/-(4+% R1r-2'%. L()-, "". PODER UDICIAL I8+r)' F(-2 &'2 Gr1*+ &' Tr-7-=+ T')<(/+ %+7r' P+2>(/ A(/+rr1*/(6 : É(/- 1&(/(-2 E [[[.*=.5+7.*'bR''%r1/1r-/(+b(8+r)'%h8(-2'%b(8+r)'h8(-2h*+2((/-%h-(/+ rr1*/(+.;) PROÉTICA Pr()'r- C+8'r'/(- N-/(+-2 A(/+rr1*/(6 Pr+(/-. L()-, ""@. SOTO, H'r-&+ &', E2 +r+ S'&'r+, L()- @J. STEIN, S'4' b MONGE, C-r2+%, L- /r(%(% &'2 E%-&+ *-r()+(-2 ' '2 P'r, I%(1+ &' E%1&(+% P'r1-+%, L()- @, ' '%*'/(-2, *. %%. ]EINSCHELBAUM, F'&'r(/+ E2 r(<512+ &' 2- /+rr1*/(6 E CÁRDENAS, M-1r(/(+ : R+7'r+ STEINER /+)*. C+rr1*/(6, Cr()' : 1%(/(-. U*'r%*'/(4- '/+6)(/- T'r/'r M1&+ E&(+r'%. S-- F' &' B+5+<, @.
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