Automated Web Testing with SELENIUM
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1. History of Selenium •
In 2004 invented by Jason R. Huggins and team.
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Original name is JavaScript Functional Tester [JSFT]
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Open source browser based integration test framework built originally by Thoughtworks.
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100% JavaScript and HTML
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Web testing tool
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That supports testing Web 2.0 applications
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Supports for Cross-Browser Testing(ON Multiple Browsers)
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And multiple Operating Systems
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Cross browser – IE 6/7, Firefox .8+, Opera, Safari 2.0+
2. What is Selenium? •
Acceptance Testing tool for web-apps
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Tests run directly in browser
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Selenium can be deployed on Windows, Linux, and Macintosh.
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Implemented entirely using browser technologies
JavaScript
DHTML
Frames
3. Selenium Components –
Selenium IDE
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Selenium Core
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Selenium RC
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Selenium Grid
3.1 Selenium IDE •
The Selenium-IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is the tool you use to develop your Selenium test cases. Page 2 of 69
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It is Firefox plug-in
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Firefox extension which allows record/play testing paradigm
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Automates commands, but asserts must be entered by hand
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Creates the simplest possible Locator
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Based on Selenese
3.1.1 Overview of Selenium IDE: A. B. C. D.
Test Case Pane Toolbar Menu Bar Log/Reference/UI-Element/Rollup Pane
A. Test Case Pane: Your script is displayed in the test case pane. It has two tabs. one for displaying the command (source) and their parameters in a readable “table” format.
B. Toolbar: The toolbar contains buttons for controlling the execution of your test cases, including a step feature for C. Menu Bar: File Menu: The File menu allows you to create, open and save test case and test suite files. Edit Menu: The Edit menu allows copy, paste, delete, undo and select all operations for editing the commands in your test case. Options Menu: The Options menu allows the changing of settings. You can set the timeout value for certain commands, add user-defined user extensions to the base set of Selenium commands, and specify the format (language) used when saving your test cases. D. Help Menu:
3.1.2 Recording and Run settings When Selenium-IDE is first opened, the record button is ON by default. During recording, Selenium-IDE will automatically insert commands into your test case based on your actions. a. Remember Base URL MODE - Using Base URL to Run Test Cases in Different Domains Page 3 of 69
b. Record Absolute recording mode – Run Test Cases in Particular Domain.
3.1.3 Running Test Cases Run a Test Case Click the Run button to run the currently displayed test case. Run a Test Suite Click the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently loaded test suite. Stop and Start The Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the Resume button. To continue click Resume. Stop in the Middle You can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case. To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Toggle Breakpoint. Start from the Middle You can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific command in the middle of the test case. This also is used for debugging. To set a startpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the context menu select Set/Clear Start Point. Run Any Single Command Double-click any single command to run it by itself. This is useful when writing a single command. It lets you immediately test a command you are constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct. You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This is also available from the context menu.
Exercises: TC’S #1: Manual Steps: •
Open (Example : Type www.google.com)
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Type “energy efficient” in the Google Search Input Box
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Click outside on an empty spot
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Click Search Button
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Verify the Text Present as “energy efficient”
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Assert the Title as “energy efficient - Google Search”
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Save the test case with .HTML Extension.
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Program:
Script Syntax:
| open | | /download/ |
| assertTitle | | Downloads |
| verifyText | //h2 | Downloads |
3.1.4 Introducing Selenium Commands The command set is often called selenese. Selenium commands come in three “flavors”: Actions, Accessory and Assertions.
a. Actions: user actions on application / Command the browser to do something. Actions are commands that generally manipulate the state of the application. 1. Click link- click / Clickandwait 2. Selecting items
b. Accessors: Accessors examine the state of the application and store the results in variables, e.g. "storeTitle".
c. Assertions: For validating the application we are using Assertions 1. For verifying the web pages Page 5 of 69
2. For verifying the text 3. For verifying alerts Assertions can be used in 3 modes: assert verify waitFor Example: "assertText","verifyText" and "waitForText". NOTE: 1. When an "assert" fails, the test is aborted. 2. When a "verify" fails, the test will continue execution 3. "waitFor" commands wait for some condition to become true
Commonly Used Selenium Commands These are probably the most commonly used commands for building test. open - opens a page using a URL. click/clickAndWait - performs a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load. verifyTitle/assertTitle - verifies an expected page title. verifyTextPresent- verifies expected text is somewhere on the page. verifyElementPresent -verifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page. verifyText - verifies expected text and it’s corresponding HTML tag are present on the page. verifyTable - verifies a table’s expected contents. waitForPageToLoad -pauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used. waitForElementPresent -pauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.
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TC#2: 1: Open Firefox Web Browser 2: In the address bar, Type http://www.yahoo.com 3: In the search input button, Type "energy efficient" 4: Click on the "Web Search" submit button 5: Wait for Search Results to come on "http:/search.yahoo.com" 6: Verify "energy efficient" text is present anywhere in the search results: (Select and highlight anywhere in the search results page, "energy efficient" text is present.) 7: Verify the browsers title has the value "energy efficient - Yahoo! Search Results" 8. End.
TC’S #3: •
File à New Test Case (Make Selenium IDE in Record Mode)
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Open http://www.ge.com
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Go all the way down, click on the “Contact Information” link
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Click on “Feedback & Inquiries” link –
Consumer/Other (Leave the default option)
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Select a Subject (Other)
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Select a Country (U.A.E)
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Email (type
[email protected])
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Comments or Questions (type Just testing)
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Submit (click once)
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In the result page, highlight “Thank you for taking the time to contact GE”
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Right Click and Select waitForTextPresent “Thank you for taking the time to contact GE”
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Highlight “Feel free to continue browsing.”
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Right Click and Select VerifyTextPresent “Feel free to continue browsing.”
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Right Click on “GE.com Home Page” link and Select verifyElementPresent “link=GE.com Home Page” Page 7 of 69
3.1.5 Test Suite: A test suite is a collection of tests. Often one will run all the tests in a test suite as one continuous batch-job. When using Selenium-IDE, test suites also can be defined using a simple HTML file. The syntax again is simple. An HTML table defines a list of tests where each row defines the filesystem path to each test.
Steps for creating test suite: 1. Create more Tc’s save each Test Case with <.html> extension. 2. Open Firefox 3. Open Tools à Selenium IDE 4. File à Open à new Test Suite 5. File à Open à Add Test cases Page 8 of 69
6. Add more test cases 7. Save Suite with <.Html> extensions.
Test Suite Syntax:
Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1
A file similar to this would allow running the tests all at once, one after another, from the Selenium-IDE. Edit Selenium Test Suite •
If you have only one “test case” in your test suite, Open the “GE_TS1.html” in NotePad.
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Add a line of code before the end of tag
| GE Test Case 2 |
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File → Save then Exit.
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Now you can double click and see the entire test suite in your browser.
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You can Edit the Test Suite in notepad when you want to Change the name of the test cases Add, Remove, and Rename test cases Arrange order of test cases.
Useful Selenium FireFox Add-ONS: • • • • • • •
Chris Pederick's Web Developer toolbar XPather Firebug Xpath Checker Regular Expressions Tester JavaScript Debugger Web Developer Page 9 of 69
• • •
HTML Validator ColorZilla DOM Inspector
3.1.6 User Extensions User extensions are JavaScript files that allow one to create our own customizations and features to add additional functionality. There are a number of useful extensions created by users. Perhaps the most popular of all Selenium-IDE extensions is one which provides flow control in the form of while loops and primitive conditionals. This extension is the goto_sel_ide.js.
Steps: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Download goto_sel_ide.js file. Save into selenium core extensions folder Selenium-IDE’s Options=>Options=>General tab Browse extension file
5. Click on OK Button 6. Restart selenium and fire fox.
3.1.7 Format: Format #: CSV Format 1. Go to ToolsàSelenium IDE àOptionsà Format Tabà Press the add button 2. Provide the name of format as “CSV Format” 3. Open this Link http://wiki.openqa.org/display/SIDE/Adding+Custom+Format 4. Copy “The complete script” From that page 5. Paste the JavaScript contents in Selenium IDE Format Source window 6. Press the “OK” button Page 10 of 69
7. Under the Separator Option, select “Comma” and Press “Ok” button
Now we have created two new formats: 1. Comma Separated Values (CSV) 2. Tab Delimited Values (TDV)
Ex#1: Test case with New Format. 1. Open any of the existing test cases you have stored by going to File à Open à GE Test Case1.html 2. 3. 4. 5.
Go to Format à Select CSV Format from the available options Save by going File à Save Test Case As option, GE Test Case1.csv Open the GE Test Case1.csv in Excel Application With little formatting, you can look at your test cases in a nice formatted way in Excel Sheet. 6. You can able to send your test cases to the Business Users easily through excel sheet.
3.1.8. Selenium Commands A. Verifying Page Elements: Verifying UI elements on a web page is probably the most common feature of your automated tests. Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI elements. Ex: 1. an element is present somewhere on the page? 2. specific text is somewhere on the page? 3. specific text is at a specific location on the page? To verify these UI elements. We are using Assertion or Verification.
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verifyTextPresent The command verifyTextPresent is used to verify specific text exists somewhere on the page.
VerifyElementPresent Use this command when you must test for the presence of a specific UI element, rather then its content.
verifyElementPresent can be used to check the existence of any HTML tag within the page. You can check the existence of links, paragraphs, divisions
, etc. Here are a few more examples.
VerifyText Use verifyText when both the text and its UI element must be tested. verifyText must use a locator. If you choose an XPath or DOM locator, you can verify that specific text appears at a specific location on the page relative to other UI components on the page.
B. Locating Elements 1. For many Selenium commands, a target is required. 2.This target identifies an element in the content of the web application, and consists of the location strategy followed by the location in the format locatorType=location.
Locating by Identifier : your page source could have id and name attributes as follows: 1 2 3
8 9 The following locator strategies would return the elements from the HTML snippet above indicated by line number: • identifier=loginForm (3) • identifier=username (4) • identifier=continue (5) • continue (5) Since the identifier type of locator is the default, the identifier= in the first three examples above is not necessary.
Locating by Id This type of locator is more limited than the identifier locator type, but also more explicit. Use this when you know an element’s id attribute.
1 2 3
9 10 id= loginForm (3) Locating by Name The name locator type will locate the first element The name locator type will locate the first element with a matching name attribute. If multiple elements have the same value for a name attribute, then you can use filters to further refine your location strategy. The default filter type is value (matching the value attribute). 1
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9 10 2 3
• name=username (4) • name=continue value=Clear (7) • name=continue Clear (7) • name=continue type=button (7
C. Locating Hyperlinks by Link Text This is a simple method of locating a hyperlink in your web page by using the text of the link. If two links with the same text are present, then the first match will be used. 3
Are you sure you want to do this?
4
Continue 5
Cancel 6 7 1 2
• link=Continue (4) • link=Cancel (5)
Locating by DOM The Document Object Model represents an HTML document and can be accessed using JavaScript. This location strategy takes JavaScript that evaluates to an element on the page, which can be simply the element’s location using the hierarchical dotted notation. Since only dom locators start with “document”, it is not necessary to include the dom= label when specifying a DOM locator. 3
9 10 1 2
• dom=document.getElementById(’loginForm’) (3) • dom=document.forms[’loginForm’] (3) Page 14 of 69
• dom=document.forms[0] (3) • document.forms[0].username (4) • document.forms[0].elements[’username’] (4) • document.forms[0].elements[0] (4) • document.forms[0].elements[3] (7)
Regular Expression Patterns
The “AndWait” Commands – clickAndWait
Store Commands and Selenium Variables Page 15 of 69
You can use Selenium variables to store constants at the beginning of a script
Example Test Case:
storeElementPresent This corresponds to verifyElementPresent. It simply stores a boolean value–“true” or “false”– depending on whether the UI element is found.
storeText StoreText corresponds to verifyText. It uses a locater to identify specific page text. The text, if found, is stored in the variable. StoreText can be used to extract text from the page being tested.
storeEval StoreEval allows the test to store the result of running the script in a variable.
3.1.9. JavaScript and Selenese Parameters
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All variables created in your test case are stored in a JavaScript associative array. An associative array has string indexes rather than sequential numeric indexes. The associative array containing your test case’s variables is named storedVars. Whenever you wish to access or manipulate a variable within a JavaScript snippet, you must refer to it as storedVars[’yourVariableName’].
3.1.9.1. JavaScript Usage with Script Parameters Several Selenese commands specify a script parameter including assertEval, verifyEval, storeEval, and waitForEval. These parameters require no special syntax. A Selenium-IDE user would simply place a snippet of JavaScript code into the appropriate field, normally the Target field (because a script parameter is normally the first or only parameter).
This next example illustrates how a JavaScript snippet can include calls to methods, in this case the JavaScript String object’s toUpperCase method and toLowerCase method.
3.1.9.2. JavaScript Usage with Non-Script Parameters JavaScript can also be used to help generate values for parameters, even when the parameter is not specified to be of type script. However, in this case, special syntax is required–the JavaScript snippet must be enclosed inside curly braces and preceded by the label javascript, as in javascript {*yourCodeHere*}. Below is an example in which the type command’s second parameter value is generated via JavaScript code using this special syntax:
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JavaScript Evaluation 1. You can use any of the following Eval commands assertEval, assertNotEval, VerifyEval, verifyNotEval, waitForEval, waitForNotEval, storeEval 2. You can use any of the following Expression commands assertExpression, assertNotExpression,verifyExpression, verifyNotExpression, waitForExpression, waitForNotExpression, storeExpression, store and WaitForCondition
3.1.9.3. echo - The Selenese Print Command Selenese has a simple command that allows you to print text to your test’s output.
Exercises: TC#4: •
Open a specific URL (http://www.barnesandnoble.com/)
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Search for a specific text (“Javascript”) in #1 page
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Sort by “Prizev”
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How do you check “Online Price: $$$” is in sorted order?
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In this case I have decided to check the first two Amounts displayed on that page are in the ascending order.
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The first value is A, the second value is B
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If A <= B then we assume the first two listed prices are in ascending order.
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Now get the third value C
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If B <= C then we assume that A, B and C are in ascending order. (i.e., A <= B <=C )
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AlertPresent •
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verifyAlertPresent() –
The best way to check the alerts are using this command
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This command never throws an exception
Returns: –
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True or False.
Other AlertPresent Commands are: –
storeAlertPresent ( seleniumVariableName )
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assertAlertPresent ( )
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assertAlertNotPresent ( )
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verifyAlertNotPresent ( )
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waitForAlertPresent ( )
–
waitForAlertNotPresent ( )
Ex1:
Ex 2:
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goBack:
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goBack and goBackAndWait are the two commands simulates a user clicking on the “back” button of the browser.
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Download the SelectAWebSite.html under Exercises.
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Record the test as listed below:
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Select Google, after going to Google assertTitle then go back
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Select Portnov, after going to PortNov assertTitle then go back
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Select Microsoft, after going to MicroSoft assertTitle then go back
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Select Yahoo, after going to MicroSoft assertTitle then go back
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– waitForPopup •
waitForPopUp ( windowID,timeout ) and selectWindow ( windowID ) are the two commands allows you to test the Popup Windows.
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selectWindow selects a specific Popup, use null to select Parent window.
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Download Ex1.html to Ex3.html under wait for Popup, Open CreatePopUps.html in Firefox browser.
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Record the test as listed below: –
Click Create Windows button
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Select win1, click the button “Click and get the Welcome Message”, minimize win1
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Select win3, select any option, press “Submit” button Go back to the parent window, press “close button”
Ex:
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3.1.10. Java Script What is the use of java script? 1. Java script can be used by for printing some dynamic html contents 2. For validating the forms in the web page 3. Ajax - CE is advanced one for java script. Print:- document. write We can use java script in 3 modes in html
In tag In tag And external key
External java script;- (java script with in the page) Script.js(file name) Page 23 of 69
document.write(“JS from script.js page
”); Ex: <script src=’script.js’ type=’text/javascript’ language=”javascript”> Variables:Ex:-
a=10; document.write(a);
Ex;-
a=10; document.write(a); a=’’java script”; /*modifying variable */ document.write(a);
Comment lines - Two types // -> single line comment /* multiline comments */
Detecting errors in JavaScript (fire fox); In fire fox browser Go to tools Select error console. Data types:-
In JScript, there are three primary data types, two composite data types, and two special data types. The primary (primitive) data types are:
String Number
Boolean -> Boolean (true/false) Page 24 of 69
->Typeof(exp):- it wise display exp type Ex:-
a=true; document. write (Typeof(a)); Out put Boolean.
Ex :- n=12; document.write(typeof(a)); Out put:-
number datatype 1. Number n=12; document.write(n);
Ex:-
n=12.5;
document.write(n);
Output;-
12.5
parseInt:Ex;- n=12.5; document.write(parseint(n)); Output:- 12 Ex 2:-
n=’12 tonnes’ document.write(parseInt(n)); Output:- 12
Concatenation: Ex 3:-
document.write(‘parseint(“12cows”)’); document.write(‘=’); document.write(parseInt(“12 cows”); document.write(“
”);
Syntax:-
document.write(‘parseInt(“12cows’)=’+parseInt(‘12cows”))+(“
ParseFloat:Ex 1:- f=”12.5 tonnes” Page 25 of 69
Document.write(parseFloat(f)); Output;- 12.5 Ex2:- document.write(‘parseFloat(“12.5 tonnes”)=’+parseFloat(“12.5 tonnes’)); Ex3:- img=’
’; Document.write(img); Ex 4:- for string concatenation:a=”welcome to NageshQTP” b=”online training” c=a+b;
c=a+’ ‘+b;
document.write(c);
Operators:
Unary – single operand Binary- two operand Territory-three operand
Assignment operators: (=,+=,-=,*=,/=,%=) Arthemetic operators: (+,-,*,/,%) Relational operators: (<,>,<=,>=) Comparision operators: (==,===,!=,!==) Iteration operators: (++,--) Logical operators: (&&,||,1) Conditional operators: (?:) (or) Ternary operators String Concatination: +
Iteration operators:Pre increment:-
(++x) X=10; Y=++x;
Output= starts from 11, 12, Post increment:-
(x++) Page 26 of 69
X=10; Y=x++; Output= starts from 10, 11,
Ex:-
(post increment) X=10;
document.write(‘x=’+(x)+’
’); Output : x=10 document.write(‘x=’+(x++)+’
’); Output :x++=10 document.write(‘x=’+(x)+’
’);//x=11 Ex:- (pre increment) X=10; D.W(‘x+’+(x)+’
’;
x=10
D.W(“x=’+(++x)+’
’);
x=11
D.W(‘x=’ +(x)+’
’); x=11 -> Pre decrementation:X=10 d.w(‘x=’+(--x)+’
’); x=9 -> post decrementation:X=10 d.w(‘x=’+(x)+’
’);
x=10
d.w(‘x--=’+(x--)+’
’); d.w(‘x=’+(x)+’
’);
x=10 x=9
Logical operators:x
y
X&&y
X||y
t
t
t
t
t
f
f
t
f
t
f
t Page 27 of 69
f
f
Ex:-
f
f
d.w(“true&&false=”+(true&&false)+’
’); =false d.w(“true|| false=”+(true||false)+’
’); =true
Conditional operators:Conditional operators is used for determining execution of statement based on the condition Syntax:-
(condition)? “true Black”:”False Black”;
Ex:- x=9; Type=(x%2==0)?”Even”:”odd”;
Control structure:Control structures is divided into two ways 1. Conditional Based 2. Loop Based 1. Conditional based :1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
IF, IF –else IF-else IF ladder Nested if and Switch cases
IF:If(condition) { code } Ex:-
var d=newData() Var time=d.getHours() If(time<10) { Document.write(“
Good Morning”);
IF-else:Page 28 of 69
Syntax:If(condition) { Code } Else { Code } Ex:Age=15; If(Age<=10) { d.w(“Boy”); } else { d.w(“young”); } If-else IF Ladder:f(condition) { Code; } Else if(con 2) { code; } Else if(con 3) { Code; } …………..n; Ex:Perc=60; If(perc>=70){ grade=”A”;} else if(perc>=60){grade =”B”;} else if(perc>=50){grade=’c’;} Nested IF:If(condition1) { If(condition2) { Code; } else { Code; } } Ex:A=12; B=13; If(a>=b) { If(a>b) { Page 29 of 69
d.w(“A is greater
”); } else { d.w(“A and B are Equal
”); } } else{ d.w(“A is less”); }
Switch:Switch(expression) { Case ‘value’: Code; Break; Case ‘val2’: Code; Break; Default: Code; Break; } Ex:Dya=3; Switch(day){ Case 1: d.w(“Monday
”); break; case 2: d.w(“Tuesday
”); break: . . . Case 7: d.w(“Sunday
”); break; default: d.w(“Enter valid number
”);break; }
Arrays: Array is a collection of similar elements Syntax for creating the array is
=new Array (value 1,value 2,…value n); Ex:- users=new Array(‘sree’,siva’,’mahe’); Page 30 of 69
To get length of array:users.length: 3(//maximum numerical index +1) users[0];//sree users[1];//siva we can replace value of array users[1]=”ram”; we can add one more field to the array users[3]=”rama”; To get array count users[users.length]=’mary’; [Appending]. Ex:Tags=new Array(‘barbie’,’Teddy’,’mickey’,’donald’); d.w(‘toys.length=’+toys.length+’
);//4 d.w[‘toys[2]=’’+toys [2]+’
’);//mickey d.w[‘toys=’+toys+’
’);//B,T,M,D. toys[3]+=’Duck’; d.w(‘toys=’+toys+’
’);// B,T,M,D,D toys[toys.length]=’Newtoy’; d.w(‘toys=’+toys+’);//B,T,M,D,D,N Multidimentional arrays:Ex:- a=new Array(2,4); B=new Array(6,8); Multi=new Array(a,b); B=new Array(‘1’,’name’)); d.w(‘multi[0][0]=’tmulti[0][1]+’
’);
Loops: While While(condition) { Code } Ex:1 i=1; while(i<=3) { d.w(i); i++; } Ex:-2 Mon=new Array (‘jan’,’feb’,’mar’,..’dec’); m=0; While(m
{ d.w(‘month name=’+mon[m]+’
’); mi++; } Do-while:Do { Code; }while(condition) Ex:i=0 Do { d.w(i); i++; }while(i<=5); For:For(initialization,condition,incrementation) { Code } Ex:1For(i=1;i<=3;i++) { d.w(i); } Ex:-2 Mon=new Array(‘jan’,’feb’,’mar’,…’dec’); For(i=0;i’); } For-in:Syntax:For(index in arreg-nmae) { Array-name[index] } Ex:x=new Array(11,31,94); For(i in x) { d.w(i+’=’+x[i]+’
’); }
Functions:TYPE I II
Arg * yes
Return * * Page 32 of 69
III IV
* yes
yes yes
Two types of functions 1. User defined functions 2. Built in functions User defined functions: A user define function is re-usable block of code. Functions can be classified into fur types, based on arguments and values. Type 1:Syntax:-
function function name() { Code; [return;] } Ex:- for type 1 Function welcome() { document.write(“welcome to the site%”); } Welcome(); X=welcome();//user define Document write(‘x=’+x+’,
’);
For Type 2 category:Function bold(text) { document.write(‘’+text+”
”); ex:- for type 2 function welcome(user) { Document.write(“welcome”+user+”
”); } Welcome(“sree”); Type 3-functions:Function x() { return 9; } P=x(); Ex:- function x() { d.w(“first value is’); return 9; d.w(“last value is’); calling function:a=x(); Page 33 of 69
d.w(‘a=’+a+’
’); output:- first+val is a=9; Type 4:- function with arguments and return values Function square(x) { Return(x*x); } d.w(suqre(2));//4 d.w(square(suqre(2));//16 Built in methods: Date:D=new Date(); d.getDate();//1-11 d.getDay();//0-6 d.getMonth();//0-11 d.getYear(); d.getFullyear;//2009 d.getHours();//0-23 d.getMinutes();//0-59 d.getSeconds();//0-59 Ex:- for Built-in Function p(text); { Document.write(text+’
’); } d=new Date(); P(‘d+’+d); P(‘d.getdate()=’+d.getDate()); P(‘d.getday()=’+d.getday()); …………… Math:Math;max(12,14);//14 Math;min(12,14);//12 Ex:Function p(text) { d.w(text+’
’); } //math.max(num1,num2);-> num P(‘math.max(12,14)=’+Math.max(12,14)); //Math.min(num1,num2);->num P(‘math.min(12,14)=’+Math.min(12,14)); //math.floor(num);->Lower limitation integer value P(‘math.floor(12.94)=’+Math.floor(12.94));//12 //math.ceil(num);->upper limitation integer value P(‘math.ceil(12.14)=’+Math.ceil(12.14));//13 //math.round(num)-> if >=.5 ceil,<.5 floor P(‘math.round(12.14)=’+Math.round(12.14)); P(‘math.round(12.14)=’+Math.round(12.54)); //math.random()->0 and 1 Page 34 of 69
P(‘math.random()=’+math.random()); String methods:Function p(text) { Document.write(text+’
’); } Str=’javascript’; P(‘str=’+str); P(‘length=’+str.length()); P(‘upper=’+str.touppercase()); P(‘lower=’+str.tolowercase()); P(‘str.substr=’+str.substr(4)); P(‘str.substr(4,2)=’+str.substr(4,2)); Replace of search string replacement(Replace) P(‘str.replace(“ a”,”_”)=’+str.replace(“a”,”_”); p(‘str.replace(“ a”,”_”)=’+str.replace(“A”,”_”); Regular Expression:Function reg(expr,str) { R=new RegExp(expr); Return r.test(str); } P(‘reg(“b”,”abc”)=’+reg(“b”+”abc”)); ^ mathches to beginning of the string(if you want to verify starting,letter in whole stirng,we can use ca(^)) Ex:- P(‘reg(“^b”,”abc”)=’+reg(“^b”+”_abc”)); Output:- false P(‘reg(“^a”,”abc”)=’+reg(“^a”+”_abc”)); Output:- True $ mathches to end of stirng(if you want to verify ending character in whole string,we can use $) Ex:- P(‘reg(“a$”,”abc”)=’+reg(“a$”+”abc”)); Output:- false P(‘reg(“c$”,”abc”)=’+reg(“c$”+”abc”)); Output:- True ->(.) mathes any single character(alphabet,number, special character, space)(if you want to verify only single character we can use “dot’) Ex:- P(‘reg(“^.$”,”abc”)=’+reg(“^.$”+”abc”)); output:- false P(‘reg(“^.$”,”a”)=’+reg(“^.$”+”a”)); Output:- True P(‘reg(“\.doc$”,”resume.doc”)=’+reg(“\.doc”+”resume.doc”)); + one or many times(if you want to verify any single char,if may be one time else many times,we can use +) P(‘reg(“a+$”,”a”)=’+reg(“a+$”+”a”)); Output:- True P(‘reg(“a+$”,”aaa”)=’+reg(“a+$”+”aaa”)); Output:- False P(‘reg(“a+$”,”ab”)=’+reg(“a+$”+”ab”)); Page 35 of 69
Output:- false * 0 to many times Ex:- P(‘reg(“a*$”,””)=’+reg(“a*$”+””)); Output:-True P(‘reg(“a*$”,”aa”)=’+reg(“a*$”+”aa”)); Output;- True P(‘reg(“a*$”,”ab”)=’+reg(“a*$”+”ab”)); Output:- False ? 0 or min one time or no.of times P(‘reg(“https?”,”http://www.google.com”)=’+reg(“https?”+”http://www.google.com”)); Output:- True {n} - for n times {n,} -min n times {n, m}-min n times, max m times [] use for specifying range of char allowe for the exp. [a-z] [A-Z] [0-9] [abcd] [a-zA-Z0-9-> Alphanumeric Ex:- P(‘reg(“^[a-z]${3}”,”abc”)=’+reg(“^[a-z]${3}”+”abc”)); Output:- True P(‘veg(“^[a-z]${3]”,”ABC”)=’+reg(“^[a-z]${3}”+”ABC”)); \d -- matches with any digit(0-9) \D – matches a non-digit \s -- matches a space \S -- matches any non-space \w -- matches word boundary(alphanumeric and under square) \W -- non word boundary | -- ‘or’ () -- matches sub expressions([] [] {}) Ex:- for mobile validation Function isMobile(num) { Num=num.toString() Exp=’^[98][0-9]{9}$’; Return reg(exp,num); ] Mobile=’8876543210’; P(ismobile(mobile)?”validMobile”:’invalid’); Ex:-2 for usMobile(124-136-106205) Function isUsPhone(ph) { Return reg(‘^[0-9]{3}[\-]){2}[0-9]{6}$’,ph); } Phone=’234-345-234567’; P(isUsPhone(phone)/’valid’:’invalid; Ex 3:- Email id <script> Function isEmail(mail) { Page 36 of 69
Return reg(‘^[a-zA-Z0-9]\\w{3,}\.\\a{2,}@[a-zA-Z0-9\-]{2,}\.[a-zA-Z\.]{2,}$’,mail); } [email protected]; P(isEmail(ma?’valid’:’invalid’; Ex:- User name Function isUser(name) { return reg(‘^[a-zA-Z][\.][a-zA-Z]{5},’name); } Name=”pradeep”; P(isuser)(name)?’valid’:’invalid’; Ex:Function isUser(name) { return reg(‘^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z\.]{5,}’,name); } Name=Pradeep; P(isuser(name)?’valid’:’invalid’);
Selenium Modes • Test Runner Mode test cases in HTML tables • Record-Playback mode (Selenium IDE) • Selenium Remote Control (RC) Mode test-cases in your language of choice
Test Runner Demo • See Demo suite • Look at tests bundled with Selenium • Running selenium test in slow and fast mode
Page 37 of 69
Selenium IDE Commands 1. allowNativeXpath(allow) Arguments:
allow - boolean, true means we'll prefer to use native XPath
Syntax: command: allowNativeXpath Target: True 2. assertAlert – To Verify the Java Script Pop-Ups, similarly assertConfirmation. 3. answerOnNextPrompt(answer) Arguments: answer - the answer to give in response to the prompt pop-up Instructs Selenium to return the specified answer string in response to the next JavaScript prompt [window.prompt()]. 4. assertAlertPresent() Generated from isAlertPresent() Returns: true if there is an alert Has an alert occurred? This function never throws an exception 5. assertAllButtons(pattern) Generated from getAllButtons() Returns: the IDs of all buttons on the page Returns the IDs of all buttons on the page. 6. assertAllFields(pattern) Generated from getAllFields() Returns: the IDs of all field on the page Returns the IDs of all input fields on the page.
7. assertAllLinks(pattern) Generated from getAllLinks() Returns: the IDs of all links on the page Page 38 of 69
Returns the IDs of all links on the page. Similarly some other commands: assertAllWindowIds, assertAllWindowNames, assertAllWindowTitles, assertAttribute, assertAttributeFromAllWindows. assertNotAllButtons, assertNotAllFields,assertNotAllWindowIds, assertNotAllWindowNames, assertNotAllWindowTitles, assertNotAttribute, assertNotAttributeFromAllWindows. assertElementPresent(locator) Generated from isElementPresent(locator) Arguments: locator - an element locator Returns: true if the element is present, false otherwise Verifies that the specified element is somewhere on the page. Similarly some other commands: assertElementNotPresent assertEval(script, pattern) Generated from getEval(script) Arguments: script - the JavaScript snippet to run Returns: the results of evaluating the snippet Gets the result of evaluating the specified JavaScript snippet. The snippet may have multiple lines, but only the result of the last line will be returned. Similarly: assertExpression, assertHtmlSource(pattern) Generated from getHtmlSource() Returns: the entire HTML source Returns the entire HTML source between the opening and closing "html" tags. assertLocation(pattern) Generated from getLocation() Returns: the absolute URL of the current page Gets the absolute URL of the current page. assertNotXpathCount(xpath, pattern) Page 39 of 69
Generated from getXpathCount(xpath) Arguments: xpath - the xpath expression to evaluate. do NOT wrap this expression in a 'count()' function; we will do that for you. Returns: the number of nodes that match the specified xpath Returns the number of nodes that match the specified xpath, eg. "//table" would give the number of tables. Similarly: assertXpathcount assertText(locator, pattern) Generated from getText(locator) Returns: the text of the element Gets the text of an element. This works for any element that contains text. This command uses either the textContent (Mozilla-like browsers) or the innerText (IE-like browsers) of the element, which is the rendered text shown to the user. Similarly: assertTitle, assertTable, assertSpeed, assertPromt,assertVisible, aasertValue assignId(locator, identifier) Arguments: locator - an element locator pointing to an element identifier - a string to be used as the ID of the specified element Temporarily sets the "id" attribute of the specified element, so you can locate it in the future using its ID rather than a slow/complicated XPath. This ID will disappear once the page is reloaded. Similarly: assignIdAndWait captureEntirePageScreenshot(filename, kwargs) Arguments: filename - the path to the file to persist the screenshot as. No filename extension will be appended by default. Directories will not be created if they do not exist, and an exception will be thrown, possibly by native code. kwargs - a kwargs string that modifies the way the screenshot is captured. Example: "background=#CCFFDD" . Currently valid options: background the background CSS for the HTML document. This may be useful to set for capturing screenshots of less-than-ideal layouts, for example where absolute positioning causes the calculation of the canvas dimension to fail and a black background is exposed (possibly obscuring black text). Page 40 of 69
Saves the entire contents of the current window canvas to a PNG file. Contrast this with the captureScreenshot command, which captures the contents of the OS viewport (i.e. whatever is currently being displayed on the monitor), and is implemented in the RC only. Currently this only works in Firefox when running in chrome mode, and in IE nonHTA using the EXPERIMENTAL "Snapsie" utility. The Firefox implementation is mostly borrowed from the Screengrab! Firefox extension. Please see http://www.screengrab.org and http://snapsie.sourceforge.net/ for details. Similarly: captureEntirePageScreenshotAndWait
check(locator) Arguments: locator - an element locator Check a toggle-button (checkbox/radio) Similarly: checkAndWait
chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation(),chooseOkOnNextConfirmation(), chooseOkOnNextConfirmationAndWait Click, ClickAndWait, ClickAt, ClickAtAndWait, Close. contextMenu, contextMenuAndWait, contextMenuAt, contextMenuAtAndWait. createCookie, createCookieAndWait deleteAllVisibleCookies() Calls deleteCookie with recurse=true on all cookies visible to the current page. As noted on the documentation for deleteCookie, recurse=true can be much slower than simply deleting the cookies using a known domain/path. Similarly: deleteAllVisibleCookiesAndWait, deleteCookie, deleteCookieAndWait, doubleClick(locator) Arguments: locator - an element locator Double clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If the double click action causes a new page to load (like a link usually does), call waitForPageToLoad. Similarly: doubleClickAndWait, doubleClickAt, doubleClickAtAndWait. echo(message) Arguments: message - the message to print Page 41 of 69
Prints the specified message into the third table cell in your Selenese tables. Useful for debugging. fireEvent(locator, eventName) Arguments: locator - an element locator eventName - the event name, e.g. "focus" or "blur" Explicitly simulate an event, to trigger the corresponding "onevent" handler. Similarly: fireEventAndWait focus(locator) Arguments: locator - an element locator Move the focus to the specified element; for example, if the element is an input field, move the cursor to that field. Similarly: focusAndWait goBack() Simulates the user clicking the "back" button on their browser. Similarly: goBackAndWait ignoreAttributesWithoutValue(ignore) Arguments: ignore - boolean, true means we'll ignore attributes without value at the expense of xpath "correctness"; false means we'll sacrifice speed for correctness. Similarly: ignoreAttributesWithoutValueAndWait open(url) Arguments: url - the URL to open; may be relative or absolute Similarly: openWindow, openWindowAndWait pause(waitTime) Arguments: waitTime - the amount of time to sleep (in milliseconds) Wait for the specified amount of time (in milliseconds) refresh() Simulates the user clicking the "Refresh" button on their browser. Page 42 of 69
Similarly: refreshAndWait removeAllSelections(locator) Arguments: locator - an element locator identifying a multi-select box Unselects all of the selected options in a multi-select element. Similarly: removeAllSelectionsAndWait, removeSelection, removeSelectionAndWait removeScript(scriptTagId) Arguments: scriptTagId - the id of the script element to remove. Removes a script tag from the Selenium document identified by the given id. Does nothing if the referenced tag doesn't exist. Similarly: removeScriptAndWait runScript(script) Arguments: script - the JavaScript snippet to run Similarly: runScriptAndWait select(selectLocator, optionLocator) Arguments: selectLocator - an element locator identifying a drop-down menu optionLocator - an option locator (a label by default) Select an option from a drop-down using an option locator. Similarly: selectAndWait, selectFrame, selectPopUp, selectPopUpAndWait, selectWindow, setTimeout(timeout) Arguments: timeout - a timeout in milliseconds, after which the action will return with an error Specifies the amount of time that Selenium will wait for actions to complete. Actions that require waiting include "open" and the "waitFor*" actions. store(expression, variableName) Arguments: expression - the value to store variableName - the name of a variable in which the result is to be stored. Page 43 of 69
This command is a synonym for storeExpression. Similarly: storeAlert, storeAlertPresent, storeAllButtons, storeAllFields, storeAllLinks, storeAllWindowIds, storeAllWindowNames, storeAllWindowTitles, storeAttribute, storeBodyText, storeConfirmation, storeConfirmationPresent etc….. storeCookie, storeCookieByName, storeCookiePresent, etc…… storeEval(script, variableName) Generated from getEval(script) Arguments: script - the JavaScript snippet to run Returns: the results of evaluating the snippet similarly: storeExpression etc…… storeXpathCount(xpath, variableName) Generated from getXpathCount(xpath) Arguments: xpath - the xpath expression to evaluate. do NOT wrap this expression in a 'count()' function; we will do that for you. Returns: the number of nodes that match the specified xpath Returns the number of nodes that match the specified xpath, eg. "//table" would give the number of tables. submit(formLocator) Arguments: formLocator - an element locator for the form you want to submit Submit the specified form. This is particularly useful for forms without submit buttons, e.g. single-input "Search" forms. Similarly: submitAndWait type(locator, value) Arguments: locator - an element locator value - the value to type Sets the value of an input field, as though you typed it in. Similarly: typeAndWait Page 44 of 69
uncheck(locator) Arguments: locator - an element locator Uncheck a toggle-button (checkbox/radio) Similarly: uncheckAndWait verifyAlert(pattern) Generated from getAlert() Returns: The message of the most recent JavaScript alert Similarly: verifyAlertNotPresent, verifyAlertPresent, verifyAllButtons, verifyAllFields, verifyAllLinks, verifyAllWindowNames, verifyAllWindowTitles etc….. verifyConfirmation(pattern) Generated from getConfirmation() Returns: the message of the most recent JavaScript confirmation dialog Retrieves the message of a JavaScript confirmation dialog generated during the previous action. Similarly: verifyConfirmationNotPresent, verifyConfirmationPresent verifyText(locator, pattern) Generated from getText(locator) Arguments: locator - an element locator Returns: the text of the element Similarly: verifyTitle,verifyTable etc….. waitForAlert(pattern) Generated from getAlert() Returns: The message of the most recent JavaScript alert Retrieves the message of a JavaScript alert generated during the previous action, or fail if there were no alerts. Similarly: waitForAllButtons, waitForAllFields, waitForAllLinks, waitForAllWindowIds, waitForAllWindowNames, waitForAllWindowTitles, waitForConfirmationPresent() Page 45 of 69
Generated from isConfirmationPresent() Returns: true if there is a pending confirmation Has confirm() been called? Similarly: waitForCondition waitForTitle(pattern) Generated from getTitle() Returns: the title of the current page Gets the title of the current page. Similary: waitForTable etc……
Tc#1 : Verify Page Title and specified Text GE Test Case 1 open
http://www.ge.com/
type
textToSearch
clickAndWait
searchSubmit
assertTitle
exact:GE: Search Results
assertTextPresent
energy efficient
energy efficient
Tc# 2: GE Test Case2 open
http://www.ge.com/
assertTitle
GE : imagination at work
clickAndWait
//div[@id='ge_footer']/ul/li[2]/a
assertTitle
GE Contact Information: Web Questions, Online Help, Press Contacts
clickAndWait
link=Feedback and Inquiries
assertTitle
Feedback & Inquiries : Contact Information : GE
pause
3000
select
contact_subject
label=Other
Page 46 of 69
GE Test Case2 select
contact_country
label=United States
type
contact_email
[email protected]
type
contact_comments
No questions.
clickAndWait
//form[@id='contact_form']/p/input
verifyTextPresent
Thank you for taking the time to contact GE.
verifyTextPresent
Feel free to continue browsing
verifyElementPresent link=GE.com Home Page
Tc# 3: Verify alerts Age Test Case open
file:///C:/Javascript/Class%20Ex/Ex16.html?txtAge=101&=Submit
assertTitle
Age Problem
verifyTextPresent Enter Your Age type
idAge
click
idSubGo
open
Infant
type
idAge
click
idSubGo
deleteCookie
Kid
type
idAge
click
idSubGo
assertAlert
Adult
type
idAge
click
idSubGo
assertAlert
Senior
type
idAge
click
idSubGo
assertAlert
Grand Senior
type
idAge
click
idSubGo
-1
5
20
55
75
110
Page 47 of 69
Age Test Case assertAlert
I hate this life
type
idAge
check
idSubGo
pause
5000
clickAndWait
idSubGo
assertAlert
Something wrong, enter your right age!
www
Tc# 4: Wait for Text Present TC_Google_EE open
http://www.google.com/
type
q
clickAndWait
btnG
waitForTextPresent
energy efficiency
assertTitle
energy efficient - Google Search
energy efficient
Tc #5: Creating Variables and storing data and calling multipletimes TestCase_HelloWorld open
file:///C:/2009%20Selenium/Day3/Ex/HelloWorld.html
store
Kangeyan
echo
${vName}
vName
answerOnNextPrompt ${vName} click
link=Click here to enter your name
waitForPrompt
Please enter your name.
echo
${vName}
createCookie
idName
${vName}
TC# 6: Reviewed Test Case Barnes and Noble Sorted Order open
http://www.barnesandnoble.com/index.asp
type
search-input
clickAndWait
quick-search-button
javascript
Page 48 of 69
Reviewed Test Case Barnes and Noble Sorted Order pause
10000
clickAndWait
link=Price
storeText
//div[@id='bs-centercol']/div[3]/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/div/ul[1]/li[2]/strong
echo
${T1}
storeText
xpath=id('bs-centercol')/div[3]/div[3]/div[2]/div/div/div/ul[1]/li[1]/strong
echo
${T2}
storeText
//div[@id='bs-centercol']/div[3]/div[5]/div[2]/div/div/div/ul[1]/li[1]/strong
echo
${T3}
storeEval
var A= new Number("${T1}".substr(1));var B=new Number("$ T4 {T2}".substr(1)); var Result1=false; if (A<=B) Result1=true;Result1
echo
${T4}
storeEval
var B= new Number("${T2}".substr(1));var C=new Number("$ T5 {T3}".substr(1)); var Result2=false; if (B<=C) Result2=true;Result2
echo
${T5}
storeEval
var Result1= new Boolean("${T4}");Result1
echo
${R1}
storeEval
var Result2= new Boolean("${T5}");Result2
echo
${R2}
storeEval
var Result1= new Boolean("${T4}");var Result2=new Boolean("$ {T5}"); Result1 && Result2
T6
store
true
T7
echo
${T6}
verifyExpression ${T6}
T1
T2
T3
R1 R2
${T7}
echo
${T7}
storeEval
var isSorted = new Boolean("${T6}"); var strResult ='Not in Sorted vSorted Order'; if (isSorted) strResult='Ascending Order'; strResult
echo
${vSorted}
Tc# 7: Example For Alert Massege Test Case Alert Button Click open
file:\\C:\2009 Selenium\Day 3\Ex\ClickAlert.html
click
//input[@value='Click and get the Welcome Message'] Page 49 of 69
Test Case Alert Button Click assertAlert
Welcome to Portnov!
Tc# 8: Example For goBackAndWait Test Case Go Back And Wait open
file:\C:\2009 Selenium\Day 3\Ex\SelectAWebSite.html
select
OptWeb
clickAndWait
btnGo
assertTitle
Google
label=Google
goBackAndWait select
OptWeb
clickAndWait
btnGo
assertTitle
Career Training & Career Change: Software Testing and Software QA (Quality Assurance) @ Portnov Computer School
label=Portnov
goBackAndWait select
OptWeb
clickAndWait
btnGo
assertTitle
Microsoft Corporation
label=Microsoft
goBackAndWait select
OptWeb
clickAndWait
btnGo
assertTitle
Yahoo!
label=Yahoo
Tc#9: Example for Alert conformation Reviewed Test Case Popup open
file:\\C:\2009 Selenium\Day 3\Ex\CreatePopUps.html Page 50 of 69
Reviewed Test Case Popup click
winBut
waitForPopUp
win1
30000
waitForPopUp
win2
30000
waitForPopUp
win3
30000
selectWindow
name=win1
click
//input[@value='Click and get the Welcome Message']
assertAlert
Welcome to Portnov!
selectWindow
name=win3
click
//input[4]
click
Submit
assertConfirmation
Are you sure you want to submit this answer?
assertAlert
submitted
selectWindow
null
click
//input[@name='winBut' and @value='Close Windows']
Regular Expression Tc#10: Verify Page Title Reviewed Test Case Window Name Check open
file:///C:/2009%20Selenium/Day%204/Ex/ShowWinName.html
click
winBut
assertAlert
regex:Ex1.html win1
assertAlert
regex:Ex2.html win2
assertAlert
regex:Ex3.html win3
Tc#11: Regular Expression Reviewed Test Case RegEx Email Check open
file:///C:/2009%20Selenium/Day %204/Ex/UserInputForm.html
type
txtName
kangs p
type
txtEmail
[email protected]
click
//input[@value='Submit'] Page 51 of 69
Reviewed Test Case RegEx Email Check verify //form[@id='frm']/table.1.2 Table
Valid
verify //form[@id='frm']/table.2.2 Table
Valid
storeV txtName alue
selName
echo
${selName}
storeV txtEmail alue echo
selEmail
${selEmail}
assert storedVars['selName'] Eval
regex:\w+\s\w+
regex:^[a-z0-9_\-]+(\.[_a-z0-9\-]+)*@([_a-z0-9\-] assert javascript:jStr=storedVars['selEmail' +\.)+([a-z]{2}|aero|arpa|biz|com|coop|edu|gov|info| Eval ]; jStr.toLowerCase() int|jobs|mil|museum|name|nato|net|org|pro|travel)$
Narrating Regular Expression Tc’s Store Value
Name and Email are stored in a Selenium Variable Use echo to see the values in Log
Narrating Test Cases open
file:///C:/2009%20Selenium/Day%204/Ex/Narrating Test Cases.html
type
txtName
kangs p
type
txtEmail
[email protected]
storeValue txtName echo
selName
${selName}
storeValue txtEmail echo
${selEmail}
click
//input[@value='Submit']
selEmail
verifyTable //form[@id='frm']/table.1.2
Valid
verifyTable //form[@id='frm']/table.2.2
Valid
Regular Expression Testing Page 52 of 69
Name is tested with regex:\w+\s\w+ Email is first converted into lower case then tested using regex.
assertE storedVars['selName'] val
regex:\w+\s\w+
javascript:jStr=storedVars regex:^[a-z0-9_\-]+(\.[_a-z0-9\-]+)*@([_a-z0-9\-]+\.)+([a-z] assertE ['selEmail']; {2}|aero|arpa|biz|com|coop|edu|gov|info|int|jobs|mil|museum| val jStr.toLowerCase() name|nato|net|org|pro|travel)$ Testing Highlight
Verify Text with exact spelling "Name" using XPath Highlight a text using XPath
verifyText //form[@id='frm']/table/tbody/tr[2]/td[1]/span[1] exact:Name: highlight //form[@id='frm']/table/tbody/tr[2]/td[1]/span[1] Assert Element Present
Valid Name Id is present Valid Email ID is present
assertElementPresent idNameDisp assertElementPresent idEmailDisp
Tc#11: Test Case DevryPopupWindows Close open
http://www.devrydegrees.com/7x/prequal.jsp;jsessionid=GYW5fw1VxepITK3Fi7CXsg**.ap p8-all1? redirected=redirect&CLK=0&CCID=&QTR=&ZN=&ZV=&KY_T=
refresh setSpeed
3000 Page 53 of 69
Test Case DevryPopupWindows Close assertTitle
DeVry Online Focus Site
click
//div[@id='footerlogo']/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[1]/a[1]/u
waitForPopU Thandie p
30000
selectWindow name=Thandie assertTitle
Accreditation - DeVry University
click
//html/body/table/tbody/tr[4]/td/a
selectWindow null click
//div[@id='footerlogo']/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[1]/a[1]/u
waitForPopU Thandie p
30000
selectWindow null pause
10000
click
//div[@id='footerlogo']/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[1]/a[2]/u
waitForPopU Thandie p
30000
selectWindow name=Thandie assertTitle
Programs-DeVry University
click
//html/body/table[2]/tbody/tr/td/p/a
selectWindow null click
//div[@id='footerlogo']/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[2]/a[1]/u
waitForPopU Thandie p
30000
selectWindow name=Thandie assertTitle
Your California Privacy Rights
click
//html/body/table/tbody/tr[2]/td/a
selectWindow null click
//div[@id='footerlogo']/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[2]/a[2]/u
waitForPopU Thandie p
30000
selectWindow name=Thandie assertTitle
Privacy Policy - DeVry University
click
//html/body/table/tbody/tr[2]/td/a
selectWindow null
Page 54 of 69
Tc#12: Verify Page Load Time Test Case for PageLoadTime_Simple open
http://www.yahoo.com/
storeEval
(new Date()).getTime()
StartTime
refresh waitForPageToLoad
3000
storeEval
(new Date()).getTime()
echo
${StartTime}
echo
${EndTime}
storeEval
(${EndTime}-${StartTime})/1000
echo
${PageLoadTime} Seconds
storeEval
(new Date()).getTime()
open
http://www.yahoo.com/
waitForPageToLoad
3000
storeEval
(new Date()).getTime()
EndTime
storeEval
(${EndTime}-${StartTime})/1000
PageLoadTime
echo
${PageLoadTime} Seconds
EndTime
PageLoadTime StartTime
Tc#13: AvgPageLoadTime Test Case for PageLoadTime open
http://www.yahoo.com/
storeEval
(new Date()).getTime()
StartTime
refresh waitForPageToLoad
3000
storeEval
(new Date()).getTime()
echo
${StartTime}
echo
${EndTime}
storeEval
(${EndTime}-${StartTime})/1000
echo
${PageLoadTime1} Seconds
storeEval
(new Date()).getTime()
open
http://www.yahoo.com/
waitForPageToLoad
3000
EndTime
PageLoadTime1 StartTime
Page 55 of 69
Test Case for PageLoadTime storeEval
(new Date()).getTime()
EndTime
storeEval
(${EndTime}-${StartTime})/1000
PageLoadTime2
echo
${PageLoadTime2} Seconds
storeEval
(${PageLoadTime1}+${PageLoadTime2})/2
echo
${AvgPageLoadTime} Seconds
AvgPageLoadTime
Tc# 14: Page Load Time in milli Seconds Test Case for PageLoadTime_MilliSeconds storeEval var d=(new Date().getTime()); d; echo
${timeBeforeLoad}
open("http://www.ge.com/");var storeEval win=this.browserbot.getCurrentWindow(); if(win)win.onload=(window.status=(new Date().getTime())); echo
timeAfterLoad
${timeAfterLoad}
storeEval ${timeAfterLoad}-${timeBeforeLoad} echo
timeBeforeLoad
loadTimeMSecs
${loadTimeMSecs}
Tc#15: Get Xpathcount, rows count and Tablecount XXX Test Case Xpath open
file:///C:/2009 Selenium/Day4/Ex/ListofCourses.html
assertTitle
AssertXPath
storeElementPresent
//table[@id='idCourse']/tbody/tr[7]/td[3]
echo
${Txt1}
Txt1
assertElementNotPresent //table[@id='idCourse']/tbody/tr[8]/td[3] assertElementPresent
//table[@id='idCourse']/tbody/tr[7]/td[3]
allowNativeXpath
true
verifyXpathCount
//table[@id='idCourse']/tbody/tr
7
verifyXpathCount
//table[@id='idCourse']/tbody/tr[1]/td
4
verifyXpathCount
//table[@id='idCourse']/tbody/tr/td
28
verifyTable
idCourse.0.0
S# Page 56 of 69
Test Case Xpath verifyTable
idCourse.0.1
Course Name
verifyTable
idCourse.4.0
4
verifyTable
idCourse.4.1
Selenium
verifyTable
idCourse.4.2
Kangs
verifyTable
idCourse.4.3
4/4/2009
verifyTable
idCourse.0.2
Instructor Name
verifyTable
idCourse.0.3
Start Date
verifyTable
idCourse.6.0
6
verifyTable
idCourse.6.1
Python
verifyTable
idCourse.6.2
Michell
verifyTable
idCourse.6.3
6/6/2009
storeText
//table[@id='idCourse']/tbody/tr[7]/td[4]
sLastRowCell4
echo
${sLastRowCell4}
Selenium Core Introduction: •
Selenium Core is a test tool for web applications.
•
Selenium Core tests run directly in a browser, just as real users do. And they run in Internet Explorer, Mozilla and Firefox on Windows, Linux, and Macintosh.
•
Selenium uses JavaScript and Iframes to embed a test automation engine in browsers. Page 57 of 69
•
Selenium was designed specifically for the acceptance testing requirements of Agile teams.
Selenium Core Concepts •
Selenium was designed specifically for the acceptance testing requirements of Agile teams.
•
Cross Browser and Cross Platform compatibility testing. One can test and verify whether the application works correctly on different browsers and operating systems. The same script can run on any Selenium platform.
•
Application Functional testing. Create regression tests to verify application functionality and user acceptance.
HTA Mode in IE •
HTML Applications (HTAs) are full-fledged web applications.
•
These applications are trusted by the Microsoft Internet Explorer browser.
•
The web-developer need to create the menus, icons, toolbars, and title information then only those will be available within that application.
•
HTAs pack all the power of object model, performance, rendering power, protocol support, and channel–download technology—without enforcing the strict security model and user interface of the browser.
•
HTAs can be created using the HTML and Dynamic HTML (DHTML).
HTA Mode in Selenium Core •
Selenium Core provides an additional mechanism for running automated tests called "HTA mode."
•
HTA Mode only works on Windows, and only with IE.
•
An HTA file is a special type of HTML file that is allowed to violate the same origin policy and to write files to disk. When running in HTA mode, you don't have to install Selenium Core on the same web server.
•
HTA files are also allowed to save test results directly to disk, rather than posting the test results to a web server.
Installing Selenium Core •
Installing Selenium Core is a two step process –
First: Install an web server (e.g. Apache)
–
Second: Install the Selenium Core under the Web Server Page 58 of 69
•
You need to install the Selenium Core within the web server where AUT is deployed.
1. Installing Apache Web Server • Go to http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi •
Download Win32 Binary without crypto (no mod_ssl) (MSI Installer):
•
apache_2.2.11-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi
•
Double click the downloaded file and install it
2. •
Check Apache Works Open your Windows Explorer
•
Go to C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\htdocs
•
Check index.html file is there
•
Open index.html check whether it will display “it works” Message or Not.
3. Installing Selenium Core • Create a folder under (*1) – •
C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\htdocs
Name the new folder as “Selenium” –
C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\htdocs\Selenium
•
Go to http://seleniumhq.org/download/
•
Right Click on the Download Link under Selenium Core, and download the file under Apache web server
•
Save the selenium-core-1.0-beta-2.zip file
•
Under the folder C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\htdocs\Selenium
•
Right click on the Zip file, and unzip by Selecting winzip à select Extract to here
•
In your address bar type the below URL:
•
http://localhost/Selenium/core/TestRunner.html
•
If you are able to see Selenium Test Runner Control Panel, then the installation is complete and successful.
Selenium Core Test Suites 1. Open Selenium IDE 2. Create multiple Test cases, save with .html extensions. Page 59 of 69
3. Create these test cases as Testsuite.html 4. In Windows Explorer Go to C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\htdocs\Selenium 5. Create a new folder called “oragehrm” 6. Save all Test cases, Test Suites under “orangehrm” Folder. Running Test cases with IE Browser 1. Open your IE browser, go to http://localhost/Selenium/core/TestRunner.html 2. In the test suite input box, type as follows: 3. ../orangehrm/TestSuite.html 4. Press “Go” button 5. Now, you can run either individual test cases or entire suite. Do as you wish. Running Test cases with Firfox Browser 1. Open your Firefox browser, go to http://localhost/Selenium/core/TestRunner.html 2. In the test suite input box, type as follows: 3. ../orangehrm/TestSuite.html 4. Press “Go” button 5. Now, you can run either individual test cases or entire suite. Do as you wish. Running the Test Suite Using HTA Mode •
•
Test now in IE browser –
http://localhost/Selenium/core/TestRunner.hta
–
A File download – Security Warning may display
–
Click “Run” button
In the test suite input box, type as follows: –
../oragehrm/TestSuite.html
•
Press “Go” button
•
Now, you can run either individual test cases or entire suite. Do as you wish.
Difference between HTA & HTML Mode
Page 60 of 69
•
HTA Mode allows you to save the results to a file
Selenium-RC 1. Introduction Selenium-RC is the solution for tests that need more than simple browser actions and linear execution. Page 61 of 69
Selenium-RC uses the full power of programming languages to create more complex tests like reading and writing files, querying a database, emailing test results. You’ll want to use Selenium-RC whenever your test requires logic not supported by SeleniumIDE. What logic could this be? For example, Selenium-IDE does not directly support: • condition statements • iteration • logging and reporting of test results • error handling, particularly unexpected errors • database testing • test case grouping • re-execution of failed tests • test case dependency • screenshot capture of test failures Although these tasks are not supported by Selenium directly, all of them can be achieved by using programming techniques with a language-specific Selenium-RC client library. 2. Installing Selenium RC •
Installing Selenium Remote Control (RC) requires three step process: –
First: Install JRE 1.5 or later
–
Second: Install the Selenium RC
–
Third: Install Ruby Client
Checking JRE •
Go to Start à Run à cmd –
•
Java – version (*1)
If you see an older version (< 1.5) it is better to uninstall it
Second: Installing Selenium RC •
Go to http://seleniumhq.org/download/
•
Select RC download (*1) link and store the file in C:\
•
UnZip the selenium-remote-control-1.0-beta-2-dist.zip in C:\
•
Rename the selenium-remote-control-1.0-beta-2 folder into SeleniumRC
•
Rename the selenium-java-client-driver-1.0-beta-2 folder into JavaClient Page 62 of 69
•
Rename the selenium-server-1.0-beta-2 into JavaServer
•
Open Windows Explorer go to C:\SeleniumRC\JavaServer
•
Go to Start à Run à Cmd (enter the following command)
•
Cd C:\SeleniumRC\JavaServer
•
Java -jar selenium-server.jar -interactive
Third: Install Ruby Client
Install Ruby into C:\ Go to Start à Run à cmd - Cd c:\seleniumRC\RubyClient\ - gem install selenium-client Make sure it shows successfully installed selenium-client
Start Selenium server with Batch File – Open Note Pad and Type below – java -jar C:\SeleniumRC\JavaServer\selenium-server.jar – Save as .bat extension Stop Selenium server in IE "C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe" http://localhost:4444/selenium-server/driver/? cmd=shutDownSeleniumServer 3. Run a Simple Test Step1: save Test case with rb extenstion • Open the test case in Selenium IDE • Go to Options à Format à Ruby – Selenium RC • Select File à Save Test Case As • Save the file name as “name.rb” in C:\PrgRuby Step2: Start the Selenium Server •
Go to Start à Run à cmd –
•
Java -jar selenium-server.jar (*7)
Keep the server running (Do not close this cmd line window)
Step3: Run the Ruby Test •
Open another cmd line window, go to Start à Run à cmd
•
Navigate to the path where you have saved “testEE.rb” –
Cd c:\ruby
–
Execute the below command Page 63 of 69
–
Ruby testEE.rb
4. Platforms Supported by Selenium RC •
Browsers –
•
Operating Systems –
•
Windows, OS X, Linux, and Solaris
Programming Languages –
•
Firefox, IE, Safari and Opera etc..
C#, Java, Perl, PHP, Python, and Ruby
Testing Frameworks –
Bromine, JUnit & TenstNG (Java), NUnit (.Net), RSpec & Test::Unit (Ruby), unittest (Python)
5. RC Command Line Options Usage: java -jar selenium-server.jar [-interactive] [-options] •
port :(default 4444) –
•
timeout : (eg: 180) –
•
sets the forced default browser mode (e.g. "*iexplore“) for all sessions, no matter what is passed in getNewBrowserSession
userExtensions : –
•
Tests are executed in a separate window and supports web pages with frames.
forcedBrowserMode : (eg: *iehta) –
•
Interactively enter the commands.
multiWindow: –
•
an integer number of seconds
interactive: –
•
the port number the selenium server should use
indicates a JavaScript file that will be loaded into selenium
browserSessionReuse: Page 64 of 69
– •
•
•
avoidProxy: –
Uses by default proxy for browser request
–
set this flag to make the browser use proxy only for URLs containing '/selenium-server'
firefoxProfileTemplate : –
By default generates a fresh empty Firefox profile for every test.
–
Provide a directory to use your profile directory instead.
debug: –
•
•
•
When enabled writes debug information out to a log file
htmlSuite : –
Provide browser and URL to run a single HTML Selenese Test suite and then exit immediately.
–
Provide absolute path to the HTML test suite, and HTML results file.
proxyInjectionMode: –
•
Debug mode provides more trace information and used for diagnostics purpose
log: –
•
stops re-initialization and spawning of the browser between tests
A proxy injection mode is a mode where the selenium server acts as a proxy server for all content going to the AUT. Under this mode, multiple domains can be visited.
The following additional flags are supported for proxy injection mode : –
dontInjectRegex : an optional regular expression that proxy injection mode can use to know when to bypass injection
–
userJsInjection : specifies a JavaScript file which will then be injected into all pages
userContentTransformation : –
A regular expression which is matched against all test HTML content; the second is a string which will replace matches. These flags can be used any number of times. A simple example of how this could be useful: if you add Page 65 of 69
"-userContentTransformation https http" then all "https" strings in the HTML of the test application will be changed to be "http". •
Java system properties: –
Dhttp.proxyHost and -Dhttp.proxyPort
•
Normally Selenium RC overrides the proxy server configuration, using the Selenium Server as a proxy. Use these options if you need to use your own proxy together with the Selenium Server proxy.
•
Use the proxy settings like this: –
java -Dhttp.proxyHost=myproxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=1234 -jar seleniumserver.jar
–
HTTP proxy requires authentication, you will also need to set -Dhttp.proxyUser and -Dhttp.proxyPassword, in addition to http.proxyHost and http.proxyPort.
–
java -Dhttp.proxyHost=myproxy.com -Dhttp.proxyPort=1234 -Dhttp.proxyUser=joe -Dhttp.proxyPassword=example -jar seleniumserver.jar
6. Selenium RC - Interactive Mode Running •
The "interactive mode (IM)" allows you to run your test case commands on the Selenium Server interactively.
•
This approach is suited for novice programmers to understand.
•
To completely automate the test suites, it is best practice to write your tests in a suitable programming language. Not using interactive mode.
•
Type exit to quit from interactive mode
6.1 Selenium RC – Browser Launch Mode Browser Launch Mode
Description
Cross Domain
*iexplore, *iehta
Internet Explorer in HTA mode
Yes
*iexploreproxy
Internet Explorer HTML mode
No
*firefox, *chrome
Firefox in Chrome mode
Yes Page 66 of 69
*firefoxproxy
Firefox normal
No
*opera
Opera mode
No
*safari
Safari mode
No
*custom
Custom mode
Dynamic
Selenium RC – getNewBrowserSession •
During the "interactive mode" one can get the current browser Session ID using the getNewBrowserSession command.
•
This command accepts two parameters.
•
Both are mandatory parameters.
•
First Parameter: Browser Launch mode –
•
Second Parameter: URL –
•
Example: *iexplore, *firefox, etc
Example: http://www.google.com
testComplete command will stop the current session. No longer you can use the same session for further testing after executing this command.
Selenium RC – Interactive mode cmd •
Interactive mode allows you to execute commands using cmd command
•
The format of the command is as follows: –
cmd={Selenese Command}&1={First Parameter}&2={Second Parameter} &sessionId={sessionID got using getNewBrowserSession}
–
Example:
–
cmd=type&1=q&2=energy efficient&sessionId=500b9ffb521d4c67b37e649a7bd5e527
–
cmd=close&sessionId=500b9ffb521d4c67b37e649a7bd5e527
–
cmd=waitForTextPresent&1=energy efficiency&sessionId=500b9ffb521d4c67b37e649a7bd5e527 Page 67 of 69
•
The session ID is optional. Use session ID when you have multiple sessions.
•
Selenese Command Parameter is mandatory.
•
Both &1 and &2 parameters are optional. If the Selenese command contains parameter then you may need it.
Selenium RC – Interactive mode Testing •
Open your Windows explorer go to C:\SeleniumRC\JavaServer
•
Goto Start à Run à cmd
•
if necessary use cd C:\SeleniumRC\JavaServer, then type –
•
Copy the first line of the code and paste in the interactive mode (*4) –
•
java -jar selenium-server.jar -interactive
cmd=getNewBrowserSession&1=*iexplore&2=http://www.google.com
Press Enter Key
6.2 Selenium RC – Posting Test Results (firefox) •
Open notepad/wordpad
•
Cut and Paste the below code.
•
Save the batch file with name “GE Test Case.bat”
•
Keep the below files under the following directory:
•
–
C:\2009 Selenium\Ex\GE
–
TestSuite.html
–
GE Test Case1.html
–
GE Test Case3.html
–
GE Test Case.bat
Double click on the GE Test Case.bat file Page 68 of 69
•
Command window open and run the test suite
•
After completing the test, double click on the “FF GE Test Results.html”
6.3 Selenium RC – Posting Test Results (IE) •
Open the batch file “GE Test Case.bat”
•
Change the *chrome into *iehta
•
Double click and Run the “GE Test Case.bat” file
•
After completion look at the posted results in “IE GE Test Results.html”
•
Double click the file, see the results in any browser
Page 69 of 69
