SELENIUM INTERVIEW QUESTION BANK
Author: - Ankur Narayan Version: - Version 0.1
Selenium Interview Question Bank
Q #1) What is Automation A utomation Testing? Automation testing or Test Automation is a process of automating the manual process to test the application/system under test. Automation testing involves use to a separate testing tool which lets you create test scripts which can be executed repeatedly and doesn’t require any manual intervention. Q #2) What are the benefits of Automation Testing? Benefits of Automation testing are: 1. Supports execution of repeated test cases 2. Aids in testing a large test matrix 3. Enables parallel execution 4. Encourages unattended execution 5. Improves accuracy thereby reducing human generated errors 6. Saves time and money Q #3) Why should Selenium be selected as a test tool? Selenium 1. is free and open source 2. have a large user base and helping communities 3. have cross Browser compatibility (Firefox, chrome, Internet Explorer, Safari etc.) 4. have great platform compatibility (Windows, Mac OS, Linux etc.) 5. supports multiple programming languages (Java, C#, Ruby, Python, Pearl etc.) 6. has fresh and regular repository developments 7. supports distributed testing Q #4) What is Selenium? What are the different Selenium components? Selenium is one of the most popular automated testing suites. Selenium is designed in a way to support and encourage automation testing of functional aspects of web based applications and a wide range of b rowsers and platforms. Due to its existence in the open source community, it has become one of the most accepted tools amongst the testing professionals. Selenium is not just a single singl e tool or a utility, rather a pac kage of several testing tools and for the same reason it is referred to as a Suite. Each of these tools is designed to cater different testing and test environment requirements. The suite package constitutes of the following sets of tools:
Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) – Selenium IDE is a record and playback tool. It is distributed as a Firefox Plugin.
Selenium Remote Control (RC) – Selenium RC is a server that allows user to create test scripts in a desired programming language. It also allows executing test scripts within the large spectrum of browsers.
Selenium WebDriver – WebDriver is a different tool altogether that has various advantages over Selenium RC. WebDriver directly communicates with the web browser and uses its native compatibility to automate.
Selenium Grid – Selenium Grid is used to distribute your test execution on multiple platforms and environments concurrently.
Q #5) What are the testing types that can be supported by Selenium? Selenium supports the following types of testing: 1. Functional Testing 2. Regression Testing Q #6) What are the limitations of Selenium? Following are the limitations of Selenium:
Selenium supports testing of only web based applications
Mobile applications cannot be tested using Selenium
Captcha and Bar code readers cannot be tested using Selenium
Reports can only be generated using third party tools like TestNG or Junit.
As Selenium is a free tool, thus there i s no ready vendor support though the user can find numerous helping communities.
User is expected to possess prior programming language knowledge.
Q #7) What is the difference between Selenium IDE, Selenium RC and WebDriver? Feature
Selenium IDE
Selenium RC
WebDriver
Browser Compatibility
Selenium IDE comes as a Firefox plugin, thus it supports only Firefox
Selenium RC supports a varied range of versions of Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer and Opera
WebDriver supports a varied range of versions of Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer and Opera. Also supports HtmlUnitDriver which is a GUI less or headless browser.
Feature
Selenium IDE
Selenium RC
WebDriver
Record and Playback
Selenium IDE supports record and playback feature
Selenium RC doesn't supports record and playback feature
WebDriver doesn't support record and playback feature
Server Requirement
Selenium IDE Selenium RC doesn't require requires server any server to be to be started started before before executing the executing the test scripts test scripts
Architecture
Selenium IDE is a Javascript based framework
Selenium RC is WebDriver a JavaScript uses the based browser's Framework native compatibility to automation
Object Oriented
Selenium IDE is not an object oriented tool
Selenium RC is WebDriver is a semi object purely object oriented tool oriented tool
Dynamic Finders (for locating web elements on a webpage)
Selenium IDE doesn't support dynamic finders
Selenium RC doesn't support dynamic finders
Handling Alerts, Navigations, Dropdowns
Selenium IDE Selenium RC doesn't doesn't explicitly explicitly provides aids to provides aids to handle alerts, handle alerts, navigations, navigations, dropdowns dropdowns
WebDriver offers a wide range of utilities and classes that helps in handling alerts, navigations, and dropdowns efficiently and effectively.
WAP (iPhone/Android) Testing
Selenium IDE doesn't support testing of
WebDriver is designed in a way to
Selenium RC doesn't support testing of
WebDriver doesn't require any server to be started before executing the test scripts
WebDriver supports dynamic finders
Feature
Selenium IDE
Selenium RC
WebDriver
iPhone/Andriod applications
iPhone/Andriod applications
efficiently support testing of iPhone/Android applications. The tool comes with a large range of drivers for WAP based testing. For example, AndroidDriver, iPhoneDriver
Listener Support
Selenium IDE doesn't support listeners
Selenium RC doesn't support listeners
WebDriver supports the implementation of Listeners
Speed
Selenium IDE is fast as it is plugged in with the web browser that launches the test. Thus, the IDE and browser communicates directly
Selenium RC is WebDriver slower than communicates WebDriver as it directly with doesn't the web communicates browsers. Thus directly with making it much the browser; faster. rather it sends selenese commands over to Selenium Core which in turn communicates with the browser.
Q #8) When should I use Selenium IDE? Selenium IDE is the simplest and easi est of all the tools within the Selenium Package. Its record and playback feature makes it exceptionally easy to learn with minimal acquaintances to any programming language. Selenium IDE is an ideal tool for a naïve user. Q #9) What is Selenese? Selenese is the language which is used to write test scripts in Selenium IDE.
Q #10) What are the different types of locators in Selenium? Locator can be termed as an address that identifies a web element uniquely within the webpage. Thus, to identify web elements accurately a nd precisely we have different types of locators in Selenium:
ID
ClassName
Name
TagName
LinkText
PartialLinkText
Xpath
CSS Selector
DOM
Q #11) What is difference between assert and verify commands? Assert: Assert command checks whether the given condition i s true or false. Let’s say we assert whether the given element is pres ent on the web page or not. If the condition is t rue then the program control will execute the next test step but if the condition is false, the execution would stop and no further test would be executed. Verify: Verify command also checks whether t he given condition is true or false. Irrespective of the condition being true or fal se, the program execution doesn’t halts i.e. any failure during verification would not stop the execution and all the test steps woul d be executed. Q #12) What is an Xpath? Xpath is used to locate a web element based on its XML path. XML stands for Extensible Markup Language and is used to store, organize and transport arbitrary data. It stores data in a key-value pair which i s very much similar to HTML tags. Both being markup languages and since they fall under the same umbrella, Xpath can be used to locate HTML elements. The fundamental behind locating elements using Xpath is the traversing between various elements across the entire page and thus enabling a user to find an element with the reference of another element. Q #13) What is the difference between “/” and “//” in Xpath? Single Slash “/” – Single slash is used to create Xpath with absolute path i.e. the xpath would be created to start selection from the document node/start node. Double Slash “//” – Double slash is used to create Xpath with relative path i.e. the xpath would be created to start selection from anywhere within the document. Q #14) What is Same origin policy and how it can be handled? The problem of same origin policy di sallows to access the DOM of a document from an origin that is different from the origin we are trying to access the document.
Origin is a sequential combination of scheme, host and port of the URL. For example, for a URL http:// http://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/resources/, the origin is a combination of http, softwaretestinghelp.com, 80 correspondingly. Thus the Selenium Core (JavaScript Program) cannot access the elements from an origin that is different from where it was launched. For Example, if I have launched the JavaScript Program from “http://www.softwaretestinghelp.com”, then I would be able to access the pages within the same domain such as “http://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/resources” or “http://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/istqb-free-updates/”. The other domains like google.com, seleniumhq.org would no more be accessible. So, In order to handle same origin policy, Selenium Remote Control was introduced. Q #15) When should I use Selenium Grid? Selenium Grid can be used to execute same or different test scripts on multiple pl atforms and browsers concurrently so as t o achieve distributed test execution, testing under different environments and saving execution time remarkably. Q #16) What do we mean by Selenium 1 and Selenium 2? Selenium RC and WebDriver, in a combination are popularly known as Selenium 2. Selenium RC alone is also referred as Selenium 1. Q #17) Which is the latest Selenium tool? WebDriver Q #18) How do I launch the browser using WebDriver? The following syntax can be used to launch Browser: WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(); Q #19) What are the different types of Drivers available in WebDriver? The different drivers available in WebDriver are:
FirefoxDriver
InternetExplorerDriver
ChromeDriver
SafariDriver
OperaDriver
AndroidDriver
IPhoneDriver
HtmlUnitDriver
Q #20) What are the different types of waits available in WebDriver? There are two types of waits available in WebDriver: 1. Implicit Wait 2. Explicit Wait
Implicit Wait: Implicit waits are used to provide a default waiting time (say 30 seconds) between each consecutive test step/command across the entire test script. Thus, subsequent test step would only execute when the 30 seconds have elapsed after executing the previous test step/command. Explicit Wait: Explicit waits are used to halt the execution till the time a particular condition is met or the maximum time has elapsed. Unlike Implicit waits, explicit waits are applied for a particular instance only. Q #21) How to type in a textbox using Selenium? User can use sendKeys(“String to be entered”) to enter the string in the textbox. Syntax:
WebElement username = drv.findElement(By.id(“Email”)); // entering username username.sendKeys(“sth”); Q #22) How can you find if an element in displayed on the screen? WebDriver facilitates the user wi th the following methods to check the visibility of the web elements. These web elements can be buttons, drop boxes, checkboxes, radio buttons, labels etc. 1. isDisplayed() 2. isSelected() 3. isEnabled() Syntax: isDisplayed(): boolean buttonPresence =
driver.findElement(By.id(“gbqfba”)).isDisplayed(); isSelected(): boolean buttonSelected =
driver.findElement(By.id(“gbqfba”)).isDisplayed(); isEnabled(): boolean searchIconEnabled =
driver.findElement(By.id(“gbqfb”)).isEnabled(); Q #23) How can we get a text of a web element? Get command is used to retrieve the i nner text of the specified web element. The command doesn’t require any parameter but returns a str ing value. It is also one of the extensively used commands for verification of messages, labels, errors etc displayed on the web pages. Syntax:
String Text = driver.findElement(By.id(“Text”)).getText(); Q #24) How to select value in a dropdown? Value in the drop down can be select ed using WebDriver’s Select class.
Syntax: selectByValue:
Select selectByValue = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id(“SelectID_One”))); selectByValue.selectByValue(“greenvalue”); selectByVisibleText:
Select selectByVisibleText = new Select (driver.findElement(By.id(“SelectID_Two”))); selectByVisibleText.selectByVisibleText(“Lime”); selectByIndex:
Select selectByIndex = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id(“SelectID_Three”))); selectByIndex.selectByIndex(2); Q #25) What are the different types of navigation commands? Following are the navigation commands: navigate().back() – The above command requires no parameters and takes back the user to the previous webpage in the web browser’s history. Sample code:
driver.navigate().back(); navigate().forward() – This command lets the user to navigate to the next web page with reference to the browser’s history. Sample code:
driver.navigate().forward(); navigate().refresh() – This command lets the user to refresh the current web page there by reloading all the web elements. Sample code:
driver.navigate().refresh(); navigate().to() – This command lets the user to launch a new web browser wi ndow and navigate to the specified URL. Sample code:
driver.navigate().to(“https://google.com”); Q #26) How to click on a hyper link using linkText?
driver.findElement(By.linkText(“Google”)).click(); The command finds the element using link text and then clic k on that element and thus the user would be re-directed to the corresponding page. The above mentioned link can also be accessed by using the following command.
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(“Goo”)).click(); The above command find the element based on the substring of the l ink provided in the parenthesis and thus partialLinkText() finds the web element with the specified substring and then clicks on it.
Q #27) How to handle frame in WebDriver? An inline frame acronym as iframe is used to insert another document with in the current HTML document or simply a web page into a web page by enabling nesting. Select iframe by id
driver.switchTo().frame(“ID of the frame“); Locating iframe using tagName
driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElements(By.tagName(“iframe”).get(0)); Locating iframe using index frame(index)
driver.switchTo().frame(0); -----------frame(Name of Frame)
driver.switchTo().frame(“name of the frame”); frame(WebElement element) Select Parent Window
driver.switchTo().defaultContent(); Q #28) When do we use findElement() and findElements()? findElement(): findElement() is used to find the first element in the current web page matching to the specified locator value. Take a note that only first matching element would be fetched. Syntax:
WebElement element =driver.findElements(By.xpath(“//div[@id=’example’]//ul//li”)); findElements(): findElements() is used to find all the elements in the current web page matching to the specified locator value. Take a note that all the matching elements would be fetched and stored in the list of WebElements. Syntax:
List elementList =driver.findElements(By.xpath(“//div[@id=’example’]//ul//li”)); Q #29) How to find more than one web element in the list? At times, we may come across elements of same type like multiple hyperlinks, images etc arranged in an ordered or unordered list. Thus, it makes absolute sense to deal with such elements by a single piece of code and this can be done using WebElement List. Sample Code 1 // Storing the list 2
List elementList = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div[@id='example']//ul//li"));
3 // Fetching the size of the list 4 int listSize = elementList.size(); 5 for (int i=0; i
6{ 7 // Clicking on each service provider link 8 serviceProviderLinks.get(i).click(); 9
// Navigating back to the previous page that stores link to service providers
10 driver.navigate().back(); 11 }
Q #30) What is the difference between driver.close() and driver.quit command? close(): WebDriver’s close() method closes the web browser window that the user is currently working on or we can al so say the window that is being currently accessed by the WebDriver. The command neither requires any parameter nor does is return any value. quit(): Unlike close() method, quit() method closes down all the windows that the program has opened. Same as close() method, the c ommand neither requires any parameter nor does is return any value. Q #31) Can Selenium handle windows based pop up? Selenium is an automation testing tool which supports only web application testing. Therefore, windows pop up cannot be handled using Selenium. Q #32) How can we handle web based pop up? WebDriver offers the users with a very efficient way to handle these pop ups using Alert interface. There are the four methods that we would be using along with the Alert interface.
void dismiss() – The accept() method clicks on the “Canc el” button as soon as the pop up window appears.
void accept() – The accept() method clicks on the “Ok” button as soon as the pop up window appears.
String getText() – The getText() method returns the text displayed on the alert box.
void sendKeys(String stringToSend) – The sendKeys() method enters the specified string pattern into the alert box.
Syntax:
// accepting javascript alert Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); alert.accept(); Q #33) How can we handle windows based pop up? Selenium is an automation testing tool which supports only web application testing, that means, it doesn’t support testing of windows ba sed applications. However Selenium alone can’t help the situation but along with some third party intervention, this problem can be overcome. There are several third party tools available for handling window based pop ups along with the selenium like AutoIT, Robot class etc. Q #34) How to assert title of the web page?
//verify the title of the web page assertTrue(“The title of the window is incorrect.”,driver.getTitle().equals(“Title of the page”)); Q #35) How to mouse hover on a web element using WebDriver? WebDriver offers a wide range of interaction utilities that the user can expl oit to automate mouse and keyboard events. Action Interface is one such utili ty which simulates the single user interactions. Thus, In the following scenario, we have used Action Interface to mouse hover on a dr op down which then opens a list of options. Sample Code: 1 // Instantiating Action Interface 2 Actions actions=new Actions(driver); 3 // howering on the dropdown 4
actions.moveToElement(driver.findElement(By.id("id of the dropdown"))).perform();
5 // Clicking on one of the items in the list options 6 WebElement subLinkOption=driver.findElement(By.id("id of the sub link")); 7 subLinkOption.click();
Q #36) How to retrieve css properties of an element? The values of the css properties can be retrieved using a get() method: Syntax:
driver.findElement(By.id(“id“)).getCssValue(“name of css attribute”); driver.findElement(By.id(“id“)).getCssValue(“font -size”); Q #37) How to capture screenshot in WebDriver? 1 import org.junit.After; 2 import org.junit.Before; 3 import org.junit.Test; 4 import java.io.File; 5 import java.io.IOException; 6 import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; 7 import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType; 8 import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot; 9 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; 10
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
11 12 public class CaptureScreenshot { 13
WebDriver driver;
14
@Before
15
public void setUp() throws Exception {
16
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
17
driver.get("https://google.com");
18
}
19
@After
20
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
21
driver.quit();
22
}
23 24
@Test
25
public void test() throws IOException {
26
// Code to capture the screenshot
27 File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); 28
// Code to copy the screenshot in the desired location
2 FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, newFile("C:\\CaptureScreenshot\\google.jpg")); 9 30
}
31 }
Q #38) What is Junit? Junit is a unit testing framework introduced by Apache. Junit is based on Java. Q #39) What are Junit annotations? Following are the Junit Annotations:
@Test: Annotation lets the system know that the method annotated as @Test is a test method. There can be multiple test methods in a single test script.
@Before: Method annotated as @Before lets the system know that this method shall be executed every time before each of the test method.
@After: Method annotated as @After lets the system know that this method shall be executed every time after each of the test method.
@BeforeClass: Method annotated as @BeforeClass lets the system know that this method shall be executed once before any of the test method.
@AfterClass: Method annotated as @AfterClass lets the system know that this method shall be executed once after any of the test method.
@Ignore: Method annotated as @Ignore lets the system know that this method shall not be executed.
Q #40) What is TestNG and how is it better than Junit? TestNG is an advance framework designed i n a way to leverage the benefits by both the developers and testers. With the commencement of the frameworks, JUnit gained an enormous popularity across the Java applications, Java developers and Java testers with remarkably increasing the code quality. Despite being easy to use and straightforward, JUnit has its own limitations which give rise to the need of bringing TestNG into the picture.
TestNG is an open source framework which is distributed under the Apache softwar e License and is readily available for download. TestNG with WebDriver provides an effic ient and effective test result format that can in turn be shared with the stake holders to have a glimpse on the product’s/application’s health thereby eliminating the drawback of WebDriver’s incapability t o generate test reports. TestNG has an inbuilt exception handling mechani sm which lets the program to run without terminating unexpectedly. There are various advantages that make TestNG superior to JUnit. Some of them are:
Added advance and easy annotations
Execution patterns can set
Concurrent execution of test scripts
Test case dependencies can be set
Q #41) How to set test case priority in TestNG? Setting Priority in TestNG Code Snippet 1 package TestNG; 2 import org.testng.annotations.*; 3 public class SettingPriority { 4
@Test(priority=0)
5
public void method1() {
6
}
7
@Test(priority=1)
8
public void method2() {
9
}
10
@Test(priority=2)
11
public void method3() {
12
}
13 }
Test Execution Sequence: 1. Method1 2. Method2 3. Method3 Q #42) What is a framework? Framework is a constructive blend of various guidelines, coding standards, concepts, processes, practices, project hierarchies, modularity, reporting mechanism, test data injections etc. to pillar automation testing. Q #43) What are the advantages of Automation framework? Advantage of Test Automation framework
Reusability of code
Maximum coverage
Recovery scenario
Low cost maintenance
Minimal manual intervention
Easy Reporting
Q #44) What are the different types of frameworks? Below are the different types of frameworks: 1. Module Based Testing Framework: The framework divides the entire “Application Under Test” into number of logical and is olated modules. For each module, we create a separate and independent test script. Thus, w hen these test scripts taken together builds a larger test script representing more than one module. 2. Library Architecture Testing Framework: The basic fundamental behind the framework is to determine the common steps and group them i nto functions under a library and call those functions in the test scripts whenever required. 3. Data Driven Testing Framework: Data Driven Testing Framework helps the user segregate the test script logic and the test data from each other. It lets the user store the test data into an external database. The data is conventionally stored in “Key-Value” pairs. Thus, the key can be used to access and populate the data within the test scripts. 4. Keyword Driven Testing Framework: The Keyword driven testing framework is an extension to Data driven Testing Framework in a sense that it not only segregates the test data from the scripts, it also keeps the certain set of code belonging to the test script into an external data file. 5. Hybrid Testing Framework: Hybrid Testing Framework is a combination of more than one above mentioned frameworks. The best thing about such a setup is that it leverages the benefits of all kinds of associated frameworks. 6. Behavior Driven Development Framework: Behavior Driven Development framework allows automation of functional validations in easily readable and understandable format to Business Analysts, Developers, Testers, etc. Q #45) How can I read test data from excels? Test data can efficiently be read from excel using JXL or POI API.See detailed tutorial here. Q #46) What is the difference between POI and jxl jar? #
JXL jar
POI jar
1
JXL supports “.xls” format i.e.
POI jar supports all of
binary based format. JXL doesn’t
these formats
support Excel 2007 and “.xlsx” format i.e. XML based format 2
JXL API was last updated in the
POI is regularly updated
year 2009
and released
#
JXL jar
POI jar
3
The JXL documentation is not as
POI has a well prepared
comprehensive as that of POI
and highly comprehensive documentation
4
5
JXL API doesn’t support rich text
POI API supports rich
formatting
text formatting
JXL API is faster than POI API
POI API is slower than JXL API
Q #47) What is the difference between Selenium and QTP? Quick Test
Feature
Selenium
Browser
Selenium supports
QTP supports Internet
Compatibility
almost all the popular
Explorer, Firefox and
browsers like Firefox,
Chrome. QTP only
Chrome, Safari, Internet
supports Windows
Explorer, Opera etc
Operating System
Selenium is distributed
QTP is distributed as a
as an open source tool
licensed tool and is
and is freely available
commercialized
Application
Selenium supports
QTP supports testing of
under Test
testing of only web
both the web based
based applications
application and
Distribution
Professional (QTP)
windows based application Object
Object Repository needs
QTP automatically
Repository
to be created as a
creates and maintains
separate entity
Object Repository
Language
Selenium supports
QTP supports only VB
Support
multiple programming
Script
languages like Java, C#, Ruby, Python, Perl etc Vendor
As Selenium is a free
Users can easily get
Support
tool, user would not get
the vendor’s support in
Feature
Selenium
the vendor’s support in
Quick Test Professional (QTP) case of any issue
troubleshooting issues Q #48) Can WebDriver test Mobile applications? WebDriver cannot test Mobile applications. WebDriver i s a web based testing tool, therefore applications on the mobile browsers can be tested. Q #49) Can captcha be automated? No, captcha and bar code reader cannot be automated. Q #50) What is Object Repository? How can we create Object Repository in Selenium? Object Repository is a term used to refer to the collection of web elements belonging to Application Under Test (AUT) along with their locator values. Thus, whenever the element is required within the script, the locator value can be populated from the Object Repository. Object Repository is used to store locators in a centralized location instead of hard coding them within the scripts. In Selenium, objects can be stored in an excel sheet which can be populated inside the script whenever required. Question 51: How to execute java scripts function. Answer: JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; String title = (String) js.executeScript("pass your java scripts"); Question 52: How to double click on element using selenium 2.0? Answer: WebElement el = driver.findElement(By.id("ElementID")); Actions builder = new Actions(driver); builder.doubleClick(el).build().perform(); Question 53: How to perform drag and drop in selenium 2.0? Answer: WebElement source = driver.findElement(By.id("Source ElementID")); WebElement destination = driver.findElement(By.id("Taget ElementID"));
Actions builder = new Actions(driver); builder.dragAndDrop(source, destination ).perform(); Question 54: How to maximize window using selenium 2.0? Answer: driver.manage().window().maximize(); Question 55: Explain what are the basic steps required in writing TestNG tests? The basic steps required in writing TestNG includes
Write down the business logic of your test and insert TestNG annotations in your
code
In a build.xml or testing.xml, add the information about your test
Run TestNG
Question 56: List out various ways in which TestNG can be invoked? TestNG can be invoked in different ways like
Using Eclipse
With ant
From the command line
Using IntelliJ’s IDEA
Question 57: Explain what is testing.xml file used for? File testing.xml captures your entire testing in XML. This file makes it easy to define all your test suites and their parameters in one file, which you can verify in your code repository or e-mail to coworkers. It also makes easy to pull out subsets of your tests or split several runtime configurations. Question 58: In TestNG how can you disable a test? To disable the test case you don’t want, you can use annotations @Test(enabled = fal se). Question 59: Explain what is Time-Out test in TestNG?
The Time-Out test in TestNG is nothing but time allotted to perform unit testing. If the unit test fails to finish in that specific time limit, TestNG will abandon further testing and mark it as a failed. Question 60: Explain what is exception test? TestNG gives option for tracing the Exception handling of code. You can test whether a code throws the expected results or not. The expectedExceptions parameter is availed along with @Test annotation. Question 61: Mention what does the “suite test” does in TestNG? “Suite Test” is done when you have to run few unit test together, “ Suite Test” bundle this unit test together. XML file is used to run the suite test. Question 62: Explain what is parametric testing? Parameterized testing allows developers to execute the same test over and over again using different values. In two different ways TestNG allows you to pass parameters directly to your test methods.
With testing.xml
With Data Providers
Question 63: Explain how can you run the JUnit tests using TestNG? You can run the JUnit tests using TestNG by
Placing JUnit library on the TestNG classpath, so it can locate and use JUnit classes
Change your test runner from JUnit to TestNG in Ant and then run TestNG in “mixed
mode” . This will bring all your test in the same Question 64: Explain what does @Test(invocationCount=?) and (threadPoolSize=?) indicates?
@Test (threadPoolSize=?): The threadPoolSize attributes tell TestNG to form a
thread pool to run the test method through multiple threads. With threadpool, the running time of the test method reduces greatly.
@Test(invocationCount=?): The invocationcount tells how many times TestNG should
run this test method
Question 65: Mention different ways in which you can produce reports for TestNG results? There are two ways to produce a report with Test NG, they are
Listeners: For a listener class to implement, the class has to implement the
org.testng./TestListener interface. These classes are informed at runtime by TestNG when the test begins, finsishes, skips, passes or fails.
Reporters: For a reporting class to implement, the class has to implement an
org.testng/Reporter interface. When the whole suite run ends, these cl asses are called. When called, the object consisting the information of the whole tes t run is delivered to this class.
Question 66: Explain what is Group Test in TestNG? It is a new feature included in TestNG, it allows you to dispatch methods into proper portions and perform grouping of test methods. With group test, you can not only declare methods that belong to groups, but you can also specify g roups that contain other groups. Groups are determined in your testing.xml file using the group test. Question 67: Explain in what ways does TestNG allows you to specify dependencies? TestNG allows you to specify dependencies in two ways
Using attributes dependsOnMethods in @Test annotations
Using attributes dependsOnGroups in @Test annotations
Question 67: xplain what it means when you have to pass parameters using dataproviders in TestNG?
When you have to pass complex parameter or parameters that are to be created from Java, in such instances parameters can be passed using Dataproviders. The annotation for data provider is @DataProvider. This annotation has only single string attribute, if the name is not declared; the Data provider’s name automatically defaults to the method’s name. A data provider yields back an array of objects.
Question 68: Explain how you can execute tests in Te stNG?
The tests in TestNG are executed using TestNG class. For running tests in TestNG framework, class is the main entry point. Users can make their own TestNG object and invoke it in many different ways like
On an already existing testing.xml
On a synthetic testing.xml created entirely from Java
By directly setting the test classes
Question 69: Explain what is Maven? How does it work?
Maven is a project management tool. It provides the developer a complete build lifecycle framework. On executing Maven commands, it will l ook for POM file in Maven; it will run the command on the resources described in the POM.
Question 70: List out what are the aspects does Maven Manages?
Maven handles following activities of a d eveloper
• Build • Documentation • Reporting • Dependencies • SCMs • Releases • Distribution • Mailing list
Question 71: Mention the three build lifecycle of Maven? •
Clean: Cleans up artifacts that are created by prior builds
• Default (build): Used to create the application • Site: For the project generates site documentation Question 72: Explain what is POM?
In Maven, POM (Project Object Model) is the fundamental unit of work. It i s an XML file which holds the information about the project and configuration details used to build a project by Maven.
Question 73: Explain what is Maven artifact?
Usually an artifact is a JAR file which gets arrayed to a Maven repository. One or more artifacts a maven build produces such as compiled JAR and a sources JAR.
Each artifact includes a group ID, an artifact ID and a version string.
Question 74: Explain what is Maven Repository? What are their types?
A Maven repository is a location where all the project jars, library jars, plugins or any other particular project related artifacts are stored and can be easily used by Maven.
Their types are local, central and remote
Question 75: Why Maven Plugins are used?
Maven plugins are used to • Create a jar file • Create war file • Compile code files • Unit testing of code • Documenting projects • Reporting
Question 76: List out the dependency scope in Maven?
The various dependency scope used in Maven are:
• Compile: It is the default scope, and it indicates what dependency is available in the classpath of the project • Provided: It indicates that the dependency is provided by JDK or web server or container at runtime • Runtime: This tells that the dependency is not needed for compilation but is required during execution • Test: It says dependency is avai lable only for the test compilation and execution phases • System: It indicates you have to provide the system path • Import: This indicates that the identified or specified POM should be replaced with the dependencies in that POM’s section
Question 77: Mention how profiles are specified in Maven?
Profiles are specified in Maven by usi ng a subset of the elements existing i n the POM itself.
Question 78: Explain how you can exclude dependency?
By using the exclusion element, dependency can be excluded
Question 79: Mention the difference between Apache Ant and Maven?
Apache Ant Maven • Ant is a toolbox – Maven is a framework • Ant does not have formal conventions like project directory structure – Maven has conventions • Ant is procedural; you have to tell to compile, copy and compress – Maven is declarative ( information on what to make & how to build) • Ant does not have lifecycle; you have to add sequence of tasks manually – Maven has a lifecycle • Ant scripts are not reusable – Maven plugins are reusable
Question 80: In Maven what are the two setting files called and what are their location?
In Maven, the setting files are cal led settings.xml, and the two setting files ar e located at
• Maven installation directory: $M2_Home/conf/settings.xml • User’s home directory: ${ user.home }/ .m2 / settings.xml
Question 81: List out what are the build phases in Maven?
Build phases in Maven are • Validate • Compile • Test • Package • Install • Deploy
Question 82: List out the build, source and test source directory for POM in Maven?
• Build = Target • Source = src/main/java • Test = src/main/test Question 83: Where do you find the class files when you compile a Maven project?
You will find the class files ${basedir}/target/classes/.
Question 84: Explain what would the “jar: jar” goal do?
jar: jar will not recompile sources; it will imply just create a JAR from the target/classes directory considering that everything else has been done
Question 85: List out what are the Maven’s order of inheritance?
The maven’s order of inheritance is
• Parent Pom • Project Pom • Settings • CLI parameters
Question 86: For POM what are the minimum required elements?
The minimum required elements for POM are project r oot, modelVersion, groupID, artifactID and version
Question 87: Explain how you can produce execution debug output or error messages?
To produce execution debug output you could call Maven with X parameter or e parameter
Question 88: Explain how to run test classes in Maven?
To run test classes in Maven, you need surefire plugin, check and configure your settings in setting.xml and pom.xml for a property named “test.”
