97
RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN (RPP) PERTEMUAN 1 (Siklus 1) Nama Sekolah
: SMP Negeri 17 Banjarmasin
Mata Pelajaran
: Matematika
Kelas / Semester
: VIIIA VIIIA / I
Tahun Pelajaran
: 2010 / 2011
Hari / Tanggal
: Kamis / 04 November 2010
p ersamaan Standar Kompetensi : Memahami bentuk aljabar, relasi, fungsi, dan persamaan garis lurus. Kompetensi Dasar
: Menentukan gradien.
Indikator
: 1. Menentukan gradien dari suatu garis yang saling sejajar.
2. Menentukan gradien dari suatu garis yang saling tegak lurus. Alokasi Waktu
: 2 x 40 menit ( 1 x pertemuan ).
A. Tujuan Pembelajaran
1. Siswa dapat menentukan gradien dari suatu garis yang saling sejajar. 2. Siswa dapat menentukan gradien dari suatu garis yang saling tegak lurus. B. Materi Ajar Gradien Garis yang Saling Sejajar dan Saling Tegak Lurus
1.
Gradien Garis yang Saling Sejajar Pak Ahmad memotong seutas tali menjadi 4 bagian dengan ukuran sama
panjang. Tali tersebut dibentangkan sehingga masing-masing potongan membentuk garis lurus. Gambar 1 berikut ini adalah gambar ilustrasi dari 4 potongan tali Pak Ahmad yang dibentangkan membentuk garis lurus. Misalkan garis
, , , dan
adalah garis-garis yang saling sejajar. Gradien dari masing-masing garis tersebut
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98
dapat ditentukan dengan memilih dua buah titik yang terletak pada garis itu yang diketahui koordinatnya, misalnya 2 titik yakni
dan kemudian
gradiennya dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus
atau .
1 2 3 4
5 6 7
8 9 10
Gambar 1
Jika titik
dan ) maka gradiennya dapat dihitung
menggunakan rumus
. Gradien garis
=
atau . Garis k melalui titik A dan titik
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99
= = = =1 Gradien garis
= = = = = =1
Gradien garis
= = = = =1
Gradien garis
= =
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100
= = =1 Ternyata semua garis pada gambar 1 mempunyai gradien yang sama. Gradien garis tersebut yaitu
. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat ditarik kesimpulan
bahwa garis-garis yang sejajar memiliki gradien yang sama atau jika garis-garis memiliki gradien yang sama, maka pasti garis-garis tersebut saling sejajar.
Contoh: Adik mengambil sebuah lidi dari sekumpulan sapu lidi. Lidi tersebut berbentuk seperti garis lurus. Jika Garis g adalah garis lurus yang bergradien sejajar dengan garis . Tentukan gradien garis
!
Jawab: Garis g sejajar dengan garis , maka gradien garis g gradien garis
gradien garis . Jadi,
gradien garis g .
2. Gradien Garis yang yang Saling Tegak Lurus Pak Ali membeli sapu lidi untuk menyapu halaman. Anak perempuan Pak Ali mengambil 2 buah lidi dari sekumpulan sapu lidi tersebut dan diletakkan dilantai.
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101
Gambar 2 merupakan ilustrasi dari 2 buah lidi yang yang berbentuk garis lurus, misalkan sebagai garis
dan garis . Garis dan garis saling tegak lurus.
Perhatikan gambar 2 di bawah ini!
4
3
2 1
0
4 -3 -2
1 2 3 4
-1-1
-2
Gambar 2
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102
Ani membeli 2 tali di toko Makmur. Ani memotong tali menjadi 2 bagian dengan ukuran sama panjang. Tali tersebut dibentangkan sehingga masing-masing potongan membentuk garis lurus. Pada gambar 3 merupakan ilustrasi dari 2 buah tali yang yang berbentuk garis lurus, misalkan sebagai garis
dan garis . Garis dan garis saling tegak
lurus.
4
3 2 1
4 -3 -2
0 -1-1 -2
1 2 3 4
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103
Berdasarkan uraian di atas, dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa hasil kali gradien-gradien yang saling tegak lurus adalah
.
Contoh: Tali berbentuk garis lurus. Jika Garis
adalah garis lurus yang bergradien
tegak lurus dengan garis . Tentukan gradien garis !
Jawab: Misalkan gradien garis
atau
dan gradien garis maka:
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104
Jadi, gradien garis adalah
C. Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar
1. Model Pembelajaran : quantum teaching (TANDUR). 2. Pendekatan
: kontekstual.
3. Metode
: penemuan, penemuan, tanya jawab, diskusi kelompok, demonstrasi dan pemberian tugas.
D. Langkah-Langkah Kegiatan Pembelajaran No I
Kegiatan Guru
Kegiatan Siswa
Pendahuluan
1.
Guru
salam
dan memperhatikan keadaan T
kelas (mengecek tersedianya
U
alat
M
prasarana yang menunjang
B
kegiatan belajar mengajar).
U
2.
dan
Siswa berdiri dan menjawab
sarana
Guru mengabsen mengabsen siswa.
Siswa
memberitahukan memberitahukan
teman mereka yang tidak
K
hadir.
N
3.
Guru
memeriksa
1 menit
salam dari guru.
H
A
Waktu 10 menit
mengucapkan mengucapkan
tulis
Alokasi
kesiapan
Siswa
mempersiapkan
1 menit
1 menit
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105
5.
Guru
menginformasikan menginformasikan
Siswa menyimak apa yang
pembelajaran
disampaikan dan dilakukan
model quantum
teaching
dengan
2 menit
oleh guru.
pendekatan kontekstual dan memutar musik Mozart. 6.
Guru melakukan apersepsi
Siswa menyimak apa yang
dan
disampaikan dan dilakukan
memotivasi
siswa
dengan mengaitkan materi dengan hari,
kehidupan guru
berbagai
2 menit
oleh guru.
sehari-
menyampaikan informasi
yang
berhubungan dengan materi yang diajarkan. 7.
II
1.
Guru menuliskan menuliskan judul di
Siswa memperhatikan guru
papan tulis
menulis judul di papan tulis.
Kegiatan Inti
Guru
menempatkan menempatkan
2 menit
60 menit
siswa
Siswa
dalam 8 kelompok. Siswa
kelompok
diminta berkumpul dengan
LKK.
teman sekelompoknya untuk A
belajar secara berkelompok
L
(Masyarakat Belajar) untuk
membentuk 3 menit dan
menerima
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106
3.
Guru meminta siswa untuk Siswa
N
mulai
berdiskusi
A
teman
kelompoknya
M
membimbing kelompok yang
A
mengalami kesulitan.
I
4.
Guru
dengan dan
siswa
kelompok
dan
bertanya kepada guru bila mengalami kesulitan.
Kegiatan Guru
Alokasi
Kegiatan Siswa
Waktu
Guru meminta siswa untuk Siswa mengumpulkan tugas mengumpulkan
tugas
kelompoknya dan salah satu
E
kelompok dan meminta salah
perwakilan kelompok maju
M
satu
O
maju
N
mempresentasikan
S
diskusinya di depan kelas
tanggapan
Guru mengarahkan diskusi
Siswa
R
siswa
yang disampaikan oleh guru
A
siswa mengecek kebenaran
S
jawaban
I
konsep yang telah dipelajari
6.
3 menit
dimengerti.
D
T
15 menit
untuk bila ada yang belum
bertanya.
5.
dalam
berdiskusi
memberikan Siswa bertanya kepada guru
kesempatan
No
mulai
perwakilan
kelompok untuk untuk hasil
dan
hasil
membimbing
siswa
dengan
6 menit
mempresentasikan diskusinya,
serta
kelompok lain memberikan
mendengarkan
apa
4 menit
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107
8.
Guru
memberikan
contoh
soal berkaitan dengan materi serta
Siswa
memperhatikan
5 menit
penjelasan guru.
cara penyelesaiannya penyelesaia nnya
(modeling ).
9.
Guru
memberikan
kesempatan guru secara
siswa
bertanya
mengulang
5 menit
hal yang tidak dimengerti.
materi
singkat
menguatkan
dan
Siswa bertanya apabila ada
untuk
pemahaman
siswa
U L A
10.
Guru
memberikan
lembar
dan
8 menit
Guru meminta siswa untuk Siswa mengumpulkan tugas.
3 menit
N
soal latihan individu atau
G
LTS dan memberikan waktu
I
beberapa menit kepada siswa
Siswa
menerima
mengerjakan LTS.
untuk menyelesaikannya
11.
mengumpulkan
LTS
dan
memberikan
kesempatan
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108
III
Penutup
1
2
10 menit
guru memberikan pertanyaan
Siswa menjawab pertanyaan
kepada siswa (refleksi).
guru
Guru membimbing menarik Siswa kesimpulan
dari
pelajaran
yang telah dipelajari hari ini
bersama-sama
dengan
guru
kesimpulan dari
2 menit
2 menit
menarik pelajaran
yang telah dipelajari hari ini No
Kegiatan Siswa
Guru memberi penghargaan
Siswa
A
dengan
keberhasilannya
Y
bertepuk
A
bersama-sama mengucapkan
K
hore sebanyak 3 kali
R
A
3
Kegiatan Guru
4
mengajak
siswa
tangan
dan
Guru memberikan PR
mengekspresikan
Alokasi Waktu
2 menit
dengan
cara mengucapkan tiga kali hore
Siswa mencatat tugas yang
2 menit
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109 Jika sudah paham, Kita kerjakan soal-soal ini.Oke…?!!!
Nama
:
Kelas
:
Kerjakanlah
: Jika mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami tugas ini, tanyakan pada guru, tetapi berusahalah semaksimal mungkin terlebih dahulu !
Jawablah pertanyaan- pertanyaan berikut dengan singkat dan tepat !
1.
Ani membeli 2 tali di toko Makmur. Ani memotong tali menjadi 2 bagian dengan ukuran sama panjang. Tali tersebut dibentangkan sehingga masing-masing potongan membentuk garis lurus. Jika tali adalah garis lurus yang melalui kedua titik berikut, maka adakah hubungan sejajar atau tegak
2. lurus di antaranya Adik mengambil
2
buah
lidi
dari
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110
5. Kelas
:
Kelompok
:
Kerjakanlah
: Jika mengalami kesulitan dalam memaha tugas ini, tanyakan pada guru, tetapi berusahalah semaksimal mungkin terlebih dahulu !
Jawablah pertanyaan- pertanyaan berikut dengan singkat dan tepat ! 1.
Abi membe membeli li 4
tali di di pasar. pasar. Tali Tali terseb tersebut ut dipoton dipotong g
menjadi 4 bagian sama panjang. Sekarang ada 4 potong tali yang berbentuk garis lurus. Jika garis-garis lurus tersebut melalui titik-titik berikut! Gambarlah garis-garis tersebut dan tentukan gradiennya ! a) Gambarlah garis k melalui titik A( 9,0) dan B( 5,6) b) Gambarlah garis
l
melalui titik
C ( 7,3) dan
D(3,3)
c) Gambarlah garis garism k melalui = m AB titik E (0,0) dan F ( 4,6) Gradien
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111
=
..............
Gradien garis m = m EF = = = =
..............
.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............
Gradien garis n = mGH = = =
.............. .............. .............. .............. ..............
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112
2. Pak Budi membeli 1 tali di toko Makmur. Tali tersebut dibentangkan sehingga membentuk garis lurus. Jika garis lurus tersebut melalui titik-titik berikut! Gambarlah garis-garis tersebut dan tentukan gradiennya ! a. Gambarlah garis k yang melalui titik P(2,1) dan Q( 4,2) b. Gambarlah garis l yang melalui titik R(2,4) dan S (1,2) Apakah garis-garis tersebut saling tegak lurus ? Bagaimana gradiennya ?
Gradien garis k = m PQ = = =
.............. .............. .............. .............. ..............
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113
Apa yang dapat kalian simpulkan ?
Kesimpulan
: Hasil kali gradien-gradien gradien-gradien garis yang saling tegak adalah……………..