REFERAT
TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK
Pembimbing
Disusun oleh : Fisca Resita Setyawati 17710021
KEPANITERAAN KLINIK FARMASI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERS UNIV ERSITAS ITAS WIJA WI JA A KUSUMA KUS UMA SURA!A SU RA!AA A
1
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%$KATA PENGANTAR
Pu&i Pu&i s'u(u) s'u(u) sen*n+ sen*n+i*s i*s** ,enulis ,enulis ,*n&*+ ,*n&*+(*n (*n (eh*-i) (eh*-i)*+ *+ Tuh*n ME. ME. be)(*+ be)(*+ (*)uni*/N'* ,enulis -*,*+ men'eles*i(*n ,embu*+*n )e0e)*+ '*ng be)&u-ul 1Tumbuh 1Tumbuh Kembang Anak 2 '*ng '*ng me)u me)u,* ,*(* (*n n s*l* s*l*h h s*+u s*+u s'*) s'*)*+ *+ -*l* -*l*m m meng mengi( i(u+ u+ii u&i* u&i*n n (e,*ni+e)**n (e,*ni+e)**n (lini( Pen-i-i(*n P)o0esi Do(+e) -i !*gi*n !*gi*n Ilmu F*)m*si Ke-o(+e)*n Ke-o(+e)*n Uni3e)si+*s Wi&*'* Wi&*'* Kusum* Su)*b*'*4 Re0e)*+ Re0e)*+
ini se-i(i+ se-i(i+ b*n'*( memb*h*s memb*h*s mengen*i mengen*i ,)oses ,)oses ,e)+umbuh*n ,e)+umbuh*n -*n
,e)(emb*ng*n *n*(4 W*l*u,un mung(in h*n'* seb*gi*n (e5il '*ng ,enulis b*h*s. -ih*)*,(*n )e0e)*+ ini bis* membe)i(*n se-i(i+ ,enge+*hu*n (e,*-* ,*)* ,emb*5* se(*li*n mengen*i ,e)+umbuh*n -*n ,e)(emb*ng*n *n*(44 Penulis Penulis men'*-* men'*-*)i )i b*h6* b*h6* -*l*m -*l*m ,en'us ,en'usun*n un*n )e0e)* )e0e)*++ ini b*n'*( b*n'*( +e)-*, +e)-*,*+ *+ (e(u)*ng*n -*n &ug* m*sih &*uh -*)i (esem,u)n**n. sehingg* ,enulis mengh*)*, ()i+i( -*n s*)*n -*)i ,emb*5*4 Semog* )e0e)*+ ini -*,*+ be)m*n0**+ b*gi +em*n/+em*n ,*-* (hususn'* -*n semu semu** ,ih*( ,ih*( '*ng '*ng be)(e, be)(e,en en+i +ing ng*n *n b*gi b*gi ,enge ,engemb mb*n *ng* g*n n ilmu ilmu (e-o( (e-o(+e +e)* )*n n ,*-* ,*-* umumn'*4 Amin4
Su)*b*'*. O(+obe) "#
%$Penulis
2
"#
%$KATA PENGANTAR
Pu&i Pu&i s'u(u) s'u(u) sen*n+ sen*n+i*s i*s** ,enulis ,enulis ,*n&*+ ,*n&*+(*n (*n (eh*-i) (eh*-i)*+ *+ Tuh*n ME. ME. be)(*+ be)(*+ (*)uni*/N'* ,enulis -*,*+ men'eles*i(*n ,embu*+*n )e0e)*+ '*ng be)&u-ul 1Tumbuh 1Tumbuh Kembang Anak 2 '*ng '*ng me)u me)u,* ,*(* (*n n s*l* s*l*h h s*+u s*+u s'*) s'*)*+ *+ -*l* -*l*m m meng mengi( i(u+ u+ii u&i* u&i*n n (e,*ni+e)**n (e,*ni+e)**n (lini( Pen-i-i(*n P)o0esi Do(+e) -i !*gi*n !*gi*n Ilmu F*)m*si Ke-o(+e)*n Ke-o(+e)*n Uni3e)si+*s Wi&*'* Wi&*'* Kusum* Su)*b*'*4 Re0e)*+ Re0e)*+
ini se-i(i+ se-i(i+ b*n'*( memb*h*s memb*h*s mengen*i mengen*i ,)oses ,)oses ,e)+umbuh*n ,e)+umbuh*n -*n
,e)(emb*ng*n *n*(4 W*l*u,un mung(in h*n'* seb*gi*n (e5il '*ng ,enulis b*h*s. -ih*)*,(*n )e0e)*+ ini bis* membe)i(*n se-i(i+ ,enge+*hu*n (e,*-* ,*)* ,emb*5* se(*li*n mengen*i ,e)+umbuh*n -*n ,e)(emb*ng*n *n*(44 Penulis Penulis men'*-* men'*-*)i )i b*h6* b*h6* -*l*m -*l*m ,en'us ,en'usun*n un*n )e0e)* )e0e)*++ ini b*n'*( b*n'*( +e)-*, +e)-*,*+ *+ (e(u)*ng*n -*n &ug* m*sih &*uh -*)i (esem,u)n**n. sehingg* ,enulis mengh*)*, ()i+i( -*n s*)*n -*)i ,emb*5*4 Semog* )e0e)*+ ini -*,*+ be)m*n0**+ b*gi +em*n/+em*n ,*-* (hususn'* -*n semu semu** ,ih*( ,ih*( '*ng '*ng be)(e, be)(e,en en+i +ing ng*n *n b*gi b*gi ,enge ,engemb mb*n *ng* g*n n ilmu ilmu (e-o( (e-o(+e +e)* )*n n ,*-* ,*-* umumn'*4 Amin4
Su)*b*'*. O(+obe) "#
%$Penulis
2
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Lata Lata Be Be!a !a"a# "a#$ $ Is+il Is+il*h *h +umbuh +umbuh (emb*n (emb*ng g seben* seben*)n' )n'** men5*( men5*(u, u, " ,e)is+ ,e)is+i6* i6* '*ng
si0* si0*+n +n'* '* be)b be)bee-*. *. +e+* +e+*,i ,i s*li s*ling ng be)( be)(*i *i+* +*n n -*n -*n suli suli++ -i,i -i,is* s*h( h(*n *n.. '*i+ '*i+u u ,e)+umbuh*n -*n ,e)(emb*ng*n4 Se-*ng(*n ,enge)+i*n mengen*i *,* '*ng -im* -im*(s (suu- -eng -eng*n *n ,e)+u ,e)+umb mbuh* uh*n n -*n -*n ,e)( ,e)(em emb*n b*ng* g*n n ,e) ,e) -e0i -e0ini nisi si *-*l* *-*l*h h ,e)+umbuh*n 7 growth8 growth8 be)(*i be)(*i+*n +*n -eng*n -eng*n m*s*l* m*s*l*h h ,e)ub*h ,e)ub*h*n *n -*l*m -*l*m bes*) bes*).. ¨*h. u(u)*n *+*u -imensi +ing(*+ sel. o)g*n m*u,un in-i3i-u '*ng bis* -iu(u) -iu(u) -eng*n u(u)*n be)*+ 7g)*m. 7g)*m. pound . (ilog)*m8. u(u)*n ,*n&*ng 75m. me+e)8 me+e)8.. umu) umu) +ul*ng +ul*ng -*n (eseim (eseimb*n b*ng*n g*n me+*bo me+*boli( li( 7)e+en 7)e+ensi si (*lsiu (*lsium m -*n ni+)ogen
+ubu ubuh8
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7development 8
*-*l*h
be)+*mb*hn'* (em*m,u*n 7 skill skill 8 -*l* -*l*m m s+)u s+)u(+ (+u) u) -*n -*n 0ung 0ungsi si '*ng '*ng lebi lebih h (om,le(s -*l*m ,ol* '*ng +e)*+u) -*n -*,*+ -i)*m*l(*n. seb*g*i h*sil -*)i ,)oses ,em*+*ng*n4$ P)oses +umbuh (emb*ng -imul*i se&*( -*l*m (*n-ung*n4 Ini be)*)+i ,ul* b*h6* s*ng ibu ,un h*)us men-*,*+ nu+)isi '*ng 5u(u, 5u(u , -*n 0*(+o)/0*(+o) l*in l*in '*ng '*ng menmen-u(u u(ung ngn'* n'*.. mis* mis*ln ln'* '* ,e)* ,e)*n n se)+ se)+** su*m su*mii -*n -*n (elu (elu*) *)g*. g*. ling(ung*n '*ng be)sih. -*n ,e)*6*+*n sel*m* (eh*mil*n4 P)oses ini ,un be)l*n&u+ (e+i(* si *n*( -il*hi)(*n (e -uni*. l*lu mem*su(i m*s* b*'i. m*s* ,)* se(ol*h. m*s* se(ol*h 7+e)m*su( -i -*l*mn'* ,ube)+*s8. l*lu m*s* *-olesensi4" Pe)io-e ,en+ing -*l*m +umbuh (emb*ng *n*( *-*l*h m*s* b*li+*4 K*)en* K*)en* ,*-* ,*-* m*s* m*s* ini ,e)+um ,e)+umbuh buh*n *n -*s*) -*s*) '*ng '*ng *(*n *(*n mem,eng mem,eng*)u *)uhi hi -*n menen+u(*n ,e)(emb*ng*n *n*( sel*n&u+n'*4 P*-* m*s* ini ,e)(emb*ng*n (em*m,u*n be)b*h*s*. ()e*+i3i+*s. (es*-*)*n sosi*l. (es*-*)*n emosion*l -*n in+e in+eli ligen gensi si**
be)& be)&*l *l*n *n s*ng s*ng*+ *+ 5e,* 5e,*+4 +4 Pe)( Pe)(em emb* b*ng* ng*n n
,si( ,si(o/ o/so sosi si*l *l s*ng s*ng*+ *+
-i,eng -i,eng*)u *)uhi hi ling(un ling(ung*n g*n -*n in+e)* in+e)*(si (si *n+*)* *n+*)* *n*( *n*( -eng*n -eng*n o)*ng o)*ng +u*n'* +u*n'*44
3
Pe)(emb*ng*n *n*( *(*n o,+im*l bil* in+e)*(si sosi*l -ius*h*(*n sesu*i -eng*n (ebu+uh*n *n*( ,*-* be)b*g*i +*h*, ,e)(emb*ng*n49 T*hun "## W;O )e0e)ensi +umbuh (emb*ng '*ng b*)u un+u( menil*i ,e)+umbuh*n -*n ,e)(emb*ng*n sesu*i s+*n-*)+ '*ng +el*h -i+en+u(*n4 D*l*m l*,o)*nn'*. se+ ,e)+*m* WHO Child Growth Standards men&el*s(*n me+o-e '*ng -igun*(*n un+u( s+*n-*) ,*n&*ng<+inggi b*-*n b*n-ing usi*. be)*+ b*-*n b*n-ing usi*. be)*+ b*-*n un+u( ,*n&*ng b*-*n. be)*+ un+u( +inggi b*-*n -*n !MI be)b*n-ing usi*4 ;*l ini &ug* memb*n-ing(*n s+*n-*) b*)u -eng*n NCHS/WHO growth reeren!e "WHO# $%&'( and the )*** C+C growth !harts,= Ku*li+*s seo)*ng *n*( -*,*+ -inil*i -*)i ,)oses +umbuh (emb*ng4 P)oses +umbuh (emb*ng me)u,*(*n h*sil in+e)*(si 0*(+o) gene+i( -*n 0*(+o) ling(ung*n4 F*(+o) gene+i(<(e+u)un*n *-*l*h 0*(+o) '*ng be)hubung*n -eng*n gen '*ng be)*s*l -*)i *'*h -*n ibu. se-*ng(*n 0*(+o) ling(ung*n meli,u+i ling(ung*n biologis. 0isi(. ,si(ologis. -*n sosi*l4> Pe)+umbuh*n -*n ,e)(emb*ng*n meng*l*mi ,ening(*+*n '*ng ,es*+ ,*-* usi* -ini. '*i+u -*)i # s*m,*i > +*hun4 M*s* ini se)ing &ug* -isebu+ seb*g*i 0*se -Golden Age-, Golden age me)u,*(*n m*s* '*ng s*ng*+ ,en+ing un+u( mem,e)h*+i(*n +umbuh (emb*ng *n*( se5*)* 5e)m*+ *g*) se-ini mung(in -*,*+ +e)-e+e(si *,*bil* +e)&*-i (el*in*n4 Sel*in i+u. ,en*ng*n*n (el*in*n '*ng sesu*i ,*-* m*s* golden age -*,*+ meminim*lisi) (el*in*n ,e)+umbuh*n -*n ,e)(emb*ng*n *n*( sehingg* (el*i*n*n '*ng be)si0*+ ,e)m*nen -*,*+ -i5eg*h4>
BAB II TIN%AUAN PUSTAKA
4
A. De&i#isi T'()'* Ke()a#$ Is+il*h +umbuh (emb*ng seben*)n'* men5*(u, -u* ,e)is+i6* '*ng
si0*+n'*
be)be-*.
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be)(*i+*n
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&*uh
lebih
suli+
-ib*n-ing
-eng*n
,engu(u)*n
,e)+umbuh*n4" Disini men'*ng(u+ *-*n'* ,)oses -i0e)ensi*si -*)i sel/sel +ubuh. &*)ing*n +ubuh. o)g*n/o)g*n -*n sis+em o)g*n '*ng be)(emb*ng se-emi(i*n )u,* sehingg* m*sing/m*sing -*,*+ memenuhi 0ungsin'*4 Te)m*su( &ug* ,e)(emb*ng*n emosi. in+ele(+u*l -*n +ing(*h l*(u seb*g*i h*sil in+e)*(si -eng*n ling(ung*nn'*4$ Sehingg* -*,*+ -isim,ul(*n b*h6* ,e)+umbuh*n mem,un'*i -*m,*( *s,e( 0isi(. se-*ng(*n ,e)(emb*ng*n be)(*i+*n -eng*n ,em*+*ng*n 0ungsi o)g*n
5
,eng*)uh s*)*0. ,eng*)uh ho)mon. ,eng*)uh gi@i. ,eng*)uh sosi*l e(onomi. ,eng*)uh musim -*n i(lim. ,en'*(i+ emosi -ll4" $4 F*(+o) gene+i( 7in+e)n*l8 F*(+o) gene+i( me)u,*(*n mo-*l -*s*) -*l*m men5*,*i h*sil *(hi) ,)oses +umbuh (emb*ng *n*(4 Mel*lui ins+)u(si gene+i( '*ng +e)(*n-ung -i -*l*m sel +elu) '*ng +el*h -ibu*hi. -*,*+ -i+en+u(*n (u*li+*s -*n (u*n+i+*s
,e)+umbuh*n4
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6
Dis*m,ing i+u ,ul* men'eb*b(*n h*mb*+*n ,e)+umbuh*n o+*( &*nin. *nemi* ,*-* b*'i b*)u l*hi). b*'i b*)u l*hi) mu-*h +e)(en* in0e(si. *bo)+us -*n seb*g*in'*4*n*( '*ng l*hi) -*)i ibu '*ng gi@in'* (u)*ng -*n hi-u, -i ling(ung*n mis(in m*(* *(*n meng*l*mi (u)*ng gi@i &ug* -*n mu-*h +e)(en* in0e(si sel*n&u+n'* *(*n mengh*sil(*n 6*ni+* -e6*s* '*ng be)*+ -*n +inggi b*-*nn'* (u)*ng ,ul*4$ b4 Me(*nis T)*um* -*n 5*i)*n (e+ub*n '*ng (u)*ng men'eb*b(*n (el*i*n*n b*6**n ,*-* b*'i '*ng -il*hi)(*n4$ b4 In0e(si In0e(si '*ng se)ing men'eb*b(*n 5*5*+ b*6**n *-*l*h TORB; 7ToCo,l*smosis.
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7
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$4 L*hi) "4 Umu) $ +*hun 94 "/$" +*hun
># 5m %> 5m Umu) 7+*hun8 C H%%
Ta)e! 2. Pe"iaa# ti#$$i )aa# a!a( se#ti(ete
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T! *n*( ,e)em,u*n : 7 T! *'*h $9 5m 8 H T! ibu
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R*+*/)*+* ling(*) (e,*l* l*hi) 9= 5m. ling(*) (e,*l* ini lebih bes*) -*)i ling(*) -*-*4 P*-* *n*( umu) bul*n ling(*) (e,*l* )*+*/)*+*n'* *-*l*h == 5m. umu) $ +*hun =% 5m. umu) " +*hun = 5m -*n -e6*s* >= 5m4 J*-i ,e)+*mb*h*n ling(*) (e,*l* ,*-* bul*n ,e)+*m* *-*l*h $# 5m *+*u se(i+*) ># -*)i ,e)+*mb*h*n ling(*) (e,*l* -*)i l*hi) s*m,*i -e6*s* +e)&*-i ,*-* bul*n ,e)+*m* (ehi-u,*n4
11
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igi ,e)+*m* +umbuh ,*-* umu) > bul*n. ,*-* umu) $ +*hun seb*gi*n bes*) *n*( mem,un'*i / gigi susu4 P*-* umu) ".> +*hun su-*h +e)-*,*+ "# gigi susu4 E)u,si gigi +e+*, seb*g*i be)i(u+:
/ / / / / /
Mol*) ,e)+*m* In5iso) P)emol*) K*nisius Mol*) (e-u* Mol*) (e+ig*
: /% +*hun : %/ +*hun : /$$ +*hun : $#/$" +*hun : $"/$ +*hun : $%/"> +*hun
Pet'()'*a# A#a"
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be)+*mb*hn'*
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Pe)+umbuh*n -*n ,e)(emb*ng*n +i-*( -*,*+ -i,is*h(*n s*+u s*m* l*in4 A)+in'* un+u( ,e)(emb*ng*n '*ng no)m*l -i,e)lu(*n ,e)+umbuh*n '*ng sel*lu be)s*m**n -eng*n (em*+*ng*n 0ungsi4 Sebu*h o)g*n '*ng +umbuh *+*u men&*-i bes*) (*)en* sel/sel &*)ing*n '*ng meng*l*mi ,)oli0e)*si *+*u hi,e),l*si* -*n hi,e)+)o0i4 P*-* *6*ln'* o)g*n ini m*sih se-e)h*n* -*n 0ungsin'* ,un belum sem,u)n*4 Deng*n be)+*mb*hn'* umu) *+*u 6*(+u. o)g*n +e)sebu+ be)i(u+ 0ungsin'* *(*n +umbuh -*n be)(emb*ng4 Pe)+umbuh*n seo)*ng *n*( membe)i(*n g*mb*)*n +en+*ng ,e)(emb*ng*n
12
(e*-**n
(eseimb*ng*n *n+*)* *su,*n -*n (ebu+uh*n @*+ gi@i seo)*ng *n*( un+u( be)b*g*i ,)oses biologis +e)m*su( un+u( +umbuh4 Pe)io-e ,e)+umbuh*n -*n ,e)(emb*ng*n *n*( mul*i -i -*l*m (*n-ung*n ibu s*m,*i umu) " +*hun -isebu+ m*s* ()i+is +umbuh/(emb*ng4 !il* *n*( g*g*l mel*lui ,e)io-e ()i+is ini m*(* *n*( +e)sebu+ su-*h +e)&eb*( -*l*m (on-isi 1 point o no return2. *)+in'* 6*l*u,un *n*( -*,*+ -i,e)+*h*n(*n hi-u,
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bis*
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Pet'()'*a# !i#ie
U(u)*n '*ng be)hubung*n -eng*n +inggi 7,*n&*ng8 *+*u s+*+u)e -*n me)e0le(si(*n ,e)+umbuh*n s(ele+*l4 Bon+oh u(u)*n linie) *-*l*h ,*n&*ng b*-*n. ling(*) -*-* -*n ling(*) (e,*l*4 U(u )*n linie) '*ng )en-*h bi*s*n'* menun&u((*n (e*-**n gi@i (u)*ng *(ib*+ (e(u)*ng*n ene)gi -*n ,)o+ein '*ng -i-e)i+* 6*(+u l*m,*u4 U(u)*n linie) '*ng ,*ling se)ing -igun*(*n *-*l*h +inggi *+*u ,*n&*ng b*-*n4% Pet'()'*a# Massa %ai#$a#
!en+u( -*n u(u)*n m*ss* &*)ing*n *-*l*h m*ss* +ubuh4 Bon+oh u(u)*n m*ss* +ubuh *-*l*h be)*+ b*-*n. ling(*) leng*n *+*s 7LLA8. -*n +eb*l lem*( b*6*h (uli+. *,*bil* u(u)*n ini )en-*h *+*u (e5il. menun&u((*n (e*-**n gi@i (u)*ng *(ib*+ (e(u)*ng*n ene)gi -*n ,)o+ein '*ng -i-e)i+*
13
,*-* 6*(+u ,engu(u)*n -il*(u(*n4 U(u)*n m*ss* &*)ing*n '*ng se)ing -igun*(*n *-*l*h be)*+ b*-*n4% Ta*a et'()'*a# a#a"
T*h*, ,e)(emb*ng*n *n*( be)*ngsu)/*ngsu) mul*i -*)i: $8 Pe)+umbuh*n '*ng 5e,*+ se(*li -*l*m +*hun ,e)+*m*. '*ng (emu-i*n mengu)*ng se5*)* be)*ngsu)/*ngsu) s*m,*i umu) 9/= +*hun4 "8 Pe)+umbuh*n '*ng be)&*l*n l*mb*n -*n +e)*+u) s*m,*i m*s* *(il b*li(4 98 Pe)+umbuh*n 5e,*+ ,*-* m*s* *(il b*li( 7$"/$ +*hun84 =8 Pe)+umbuh*n (e5e,*+*nn'* mengu)*ng be)*ngsu)/*ngsu) s*m,*i su*+u 6*(+u 7(i)*/(i)* umu) $ +*hun8 be)hen+i4 D*l*m +*hun ,e)+*m* ,*n&*ng b*-*n b*'i be)+*mb*h -eng*n "9 5m 7-i nege)* m*&u "> 5m8. sehingg* *n*( ,*-* umu) $ +*hun ,*n&*ngn'* men&*-i %$ 5m 7%> 5m -i nege)i m*&u84Kemu-i*n (e5e,*+*n ,e)+*mb*h*n ,*n&*ng b*-*n (i)*/(i)* > 5m ,e)/+*hun4
/ii,cii et'()'*a# Te)-*,*+ = in-i(*+o) ,e)ub*h*n. '*i+u:
$. "
$4 Pe)ub*h*n u(u)*n T*m,*( &el*s ,*-* ,e)ub*h*n 0isi(. '*ng -eng*n be)+*mb*hn'* umu) *n*( *(*n +e)&*-i ,e)ub*h*n +inggi. be)*+ b*-*n. ling(*) (e,*l*. o)g*n +ubuh sesu*i (ebu+uh*nn'*4 "4 Pe)ub*h*n ,)o,o)si Pe)ub*h*n ,)o,o)si +ubuh -imul*i -*)i usi* (eh*mil*n -u* bul*n s*m,*i -e6*s*. +e)lih*+ se,e)+i g*mb*) be)i(u+4
14
*mb*) $4 Menun&u(*n ,)o,o)si +ubuh -*)i &*nin s*m,*i -e6*s* 7-i(u+i, -*)i !eh)m*n $". g*mb*) -i(u+i, -*)i M*)(um A; $$8
94 ;il*ngn'* 5i)i/5i)i l*m* Menghil*ngn'* (elen&*) +imus. le,*sn'* gigi susu. -*n menghil*ngn'* )e0le(s/)e0le(s ,)imi+i04 =4 Timbuln'* 5i)i/5i)i b*)u Tumbuhn'* 5i))i/5i)i b*)u ini *-*l*h *(ib*+ ,em*+*ng*n 0ungsi/0ungsi o)g*n se,e)+i mun5uln'* gigi +e+*,. mun5uln'* +*n-*/+*n-* se(s se(un-e)4
Pe"e()a#$a# A#a"
Pe)(emb*ng*n "development( *-*l*h be)+*mb*hn'* (em*,u*n 7skill 8 -*l*m s+)u(+u) -*n 0ungsi +ubuh '*ng lebih (om,le(s -*l*m ,ol* '*ng +e)*+u) -*n -*,*+ -i)*m*l(*n. seb*g*i h*sil -*)i ,)oses ,em*+*ng*n4
Disini
men'*ng(u+ *-*n'* ,)oses -i0e)ensi*si -*)i sel/sel +ubuh. &*)ing*n +ubuh. o)g*n/o)g*n -*n sis+em o)g*n '*ng be)(emb*ng se-emi(i*n )u,* sehingg* m*sing/m*sing -*,*+ memenuhi 0ungsin'*4$
15
Pe)(emb*ng*n me)u,*(*n su*+u ,e)ub*h*n. -*n ,e)ub*h*n ini +i-*( be)si0*+ (un+i+*+i0. mel*in(*n (u*li+*+i04 J*-i ,e)(emb*ng*n i+u *-*l*h ,)oses +e)&*-in'* ,e)ub*h*n ,*-* m*nusi* b*i( se5*)* 0isi( m*u,un se5*)* men+*l se&*( be)*-* -i -*l*m (*n-ung*n s*m,*i m*nusi* +e)sebu+ meningg*l4 P)oses ,e)(emb*ng*n ,*-* m*nusi* +e)&*-i -i(*)en*(*n m*nusi* meng*l*mi (em*+*ng*n -*n ,)oses bel*&*) -*)i 6*(+u (e 6*(+u4 Kem*+*ng*n *-*l*h ,e)ub*h*n '*ng +e)&*-i ,*-* in-i3i-u -i(*)en*(*n *-*n'* ,e)(emb*ng*n -*n ,e)+umbuh*n 0isi( -*n biologis. mis*ln'* seo)*ng *n*( '*ng be)*n&*( men&*-i -e6*s* *(*n meng*l*mi ,e)ub*h*n ,*-* 0isi( -*n men+*ln'*4 Pe)(emb*ng*n An*( 7Pe)(emb*ng*n Fisi(. Pe)(emb*ng*n Mo+o)i(. Pe)(emb*ng*n Kogni+i0. Pe)(emb*ng*n Psi(ososi*l8 Pe)io-e ini me)u,*(*n (el*n&u+*n -*)i m*s* b*'i 7l*hi) usi* = +h8 '*ng -i+*n-*i -eng*n +e)&*-in'* ,e)(emb*ng*n 0isi(. mo+o)i( -*n (ogni+i0 7,e)ub*h*n -*l*m si(*,. nil*i. -*n ,e)il*(u8. ,si(osi*l se)+* -ii(u+i oleh ,e)ub*h*n ,e)ub*h*n '*ng l*in4 De+e(si -ini ,e)(emb*ng*n *n*( -il*(u(*n -eng*n 5*)* ,eme)i(s**n ,e)(emb*ng*n se5*)* be)(*l*. *,*(*h sesu*i -eng*n umu) *+*u +el*h +e)&*-i ,en'im,*ng*n -*)i ,e)(emb*ng*n no)m*l4 Em,*+ ,*)*me+e) '*ng -i,*(*i -*l*m menil*i ,e)(emb*ng*n *n*( *-*l*h: $4 e)*(*n mo+o)i( (*s*) 7,e)ge)*(*n -*n si(*, +ubuh84 "4 e)*(*n mo+o)i( h*lus 7mengg*mb*). memeg*ng su*+u ben-* -ll84 94 !*h*s* 7(em*m,u*n me)es,on su*)*. mengi(u+i ,e)in+*h. be)bi5*)* s,on+*n84 =4 Ke,)ib*-i*n<+ing(*h
l*(u
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a. %e#is e#is Pe"e()a#$a# 13 Pe"e()a#$a# Fisi"
Pe)+umbuh*n 0isi( ,*-* m*s* ini l*mb*+ -*n )el*+i0 seimb*ng4 Pening(*+*n be)*+ b*-*n *n*( lebih b*n'*( -*)i ,*-* ,*n&*ng b*-*nn'*4
16
Pening(*+*n be)*+ b*-*n *n*( +e)&*-i +e)u+*m* (*)en* be)+*mb*hn'* u(u)*n sis+em )*ng(*. o+o+ -*n u(u)*n bebe)*,* o)g*n +ubuh l*inn'*4
23 Pe"e()a#$a# M+t+i" Kasa a3 Pe"e()a#$a# M+t+i" Kasa
e)*( (*s*) *+*u mo+o)i( (*s*) *-*l*h *s,e( '*ng be)hubung*n -eng*n (em*m,u*n *n*( mel*(u(*n ,e)ge)*(*n -*n si(*, +ubuh '*ng melib*+(*n o+o+/o+o+ bes*) se,e)+i -u-u(. be)-i)i. -*n seb*g*in'*4 Pe)(emb*ng*n mo+o)i( ,*-* usi* ini men&*-i lebih h*lus -*n lebih +e)(oo)-in*si -ib*n-ing(*n -eng*n m*s* b*'i4 An*( *n*( +e)lih*+ lebih 5e,*+ -*l*m be)l*)i -*n ,*n-*i melon5*+ se)+* m*m,u men&*g* (eseimb*ng*n b*-*nn'*4 )3 Pe"e()a#$a# M+t+i" Ha!'s
Un+u( mem,e)h*lus (e+)*m,il*n (e+)*m,il*n mo+o)i(. *n*( *n*( +e)us mel*(u(*n be)b*g*i *(+i3i+*s 0isi( '*ng +e)(*-*ng be)si0*+ in0o)m*l -*l*m ben+u( ,e)m*in*n4 e)*( h*lus *+*u mo+o)i( h*lus *-*l*h *s,e( '*ng be)hubung*n -eng*n (em*m,u*n *n*( mel*(u(*n ge)*(*n '*ng melib*+(*n b*gi*n/b*gi*n +ubuh +e)+en+u -*n -il*(u(*n oleh o+o+/o+o+ (e5il. +e+*,i meme)lu(*n (oo)-in*si '*ng 5e)m*+ se,e)+i meng*m*+i sesu*+u. men&im,i+. menulis. -*n seb*g*in'*4 Dis*m,ing i+u. *n*( *n*( &ug* melib*+(*n -i)i -*l*m *(+i3i+*s ,e)m*in*n ol*h)*g* '*ng be)si0*+ 0o)m*l. se,e)+i sen*m. be)en*ng. -ll4 c3 Ta*a Pe"e()a#$a# M+t+i"
!e)i(u+ +*h*,*n/+*h*,*n ,e)(emb*ng*nn'*:
Usia 1,2 ta*'# M+t+i" Kasa
M+t+i" Ha!'s
17
• •
• •
• • •
•
Me)*ng(*( be)-i)i -*n be)&*l*n bebe)*,*
•
l*ng(*h be)&*l*n 5e,*+ 5e,*+/5e,*+ -u-u( *g*) +i-*(
•
•
&*+uh me)*ng(*( -i +*ngg* be)-i)i -i (u)si +*n,* ,eg*ng*n men*)i( -*n men-o)ong ben-*/ ben-* be)*+ melem,*) bol*
•
• •
•
meng*mbil ben-* (e5il -eng*n ibu &*)i *+*u +elun&u( membu(* "/9 h*l*m*n bu(u se5*)* be)s*m**n men'usun men*)* -*)i b*lo( memin-*h(*n *i) -*)i gel*s (e gel*s l*in bel*&*) mem*(*i (*us (*(i sen-i)i men'*l*(*n TV -*n be)m*in )emo+e bel*&*) mengu,*s ,is*ng
Usia 2,4 ta*'#
• • • • •
•
M+t+i" Kasa melom,*+/lom,*+ be)&*l*n mun-u) -*n &in&i+ menen-*ng bol* mem*n&*+ me&* *+*u +em,*+ +i-u) n*i( +*ngg* -*n lom,*+ -i *n*(
• •
• •
+*ngg* +e)*(hi) be)-i)i -eng*n $ (*(i
• •
M+t+i" Ha!'s men5o)e+/5o)e+ -eng*n $ +*ng*n mengg*mb*) g*)is +*(
be)*+u)*n memeg*ng ,ensil bel*&*) menggun+ing meng*n5ing(*n b*&u mem*(*i b*&u sen-i)i
Usia 4,5 ta*'#
• • • • •
M+t+i" Kasa melom,*+ -eng*n $ (*(i be)&*l*n men'usu)i ,*,*n men*ng(*, bol* bes*) mengen-*)*i se,e-* be)-i)i -eng*n $ (*(i
• • • •
M+t+i" Ha!'s mengg*mb*) m*nusi* men5u5i +*ng*n sen-i)i memben+u( ben-* -*)i ,l*s+isin membu*+ g*)is lu)us -*n ling(*)*n
5u(u, )*,i
Usia 5,6 ta*'#
• • • •
M+t+i" Kasa menu)uni +*ngg* -eng*n 5e,*+ seimb*ng s**+ be)&*l*n mun-u) melom,*+i )in+*ng*n melem,*) -*n men*ng(*, bol*
18
• • •
M+t+i" Ha!'s menggun+ing -eng*n 5u(u, b*i( meli,*+ *m,lo, memb*6* gel*s +*n,*
menum,*h(*n isin'*
•
mel*mbung(*n bol*
mem*si((*n ben*ng (e lub*ng
•
bes*) 3 F'#$si Pe"e()a#$a# M+t+i"
Pe)(emb*ng*n mo+o)i( me)u,*(*n s*l*h s*+u 0*(+o) '*ng s*ng*+ ,en+ing -*l*m ,e)(emb*ng*n in-i3i-u se5*)* (eselu)uh*n4 !ebe)*,* ,eng*)uh ,e)(emb*ng*n mo+o)i( +e)h*-*, (ons+el*si ,e)(emb*ng*n in-i3i-u -i,*,*)(*n oleh ;u)lo5( 7$8 seb*g*i be)i(u+: $4 Mel*lui (e+e)*m,il*n mo+o)i(. *n*( -*,*+ menghibu) -i)in'* -*n mem,e)oleh ,e)*s**n sen*ng4 Se,e)+i *n*( me)*s* sen*ng -eng*n memili(i (e+e)*m,il*n mem*in(*n bone(*. melem,*) -*n men*ng(*, bol* *+*u mem*in(*n *l*+/*l*+ m*in*n4 "4 Mel*lui (e+e)*m,il*n mo+o)i(. *n*( -*,*+ be)*n&*( -*)i (on-isi +i-*( be)-*'* ,*-* bul*n/bul*n ,e)+*m* -*l*m (ehi-u,*nn'*. (e (on-isi '*ng in-e,en-en+4 An*( -*,*+ be)ge)*( -*)i s*+u +em,*+ (e +em,*+ l*inn'* -*n -*,*+ be)bu*+ sen-i)i un+u( -i)in'*4 Kon-isi ini *(*n menun&*ng ,e)(emb*ng*n )*s* ,e)5*'* -i)i4 94 Mel*lui ,e)(emb*ng*n mo+o)i(. *n*( -*,*+ men'esu*i(*n -i)in'* -eng*n ling(ung*n se(ol*h4 P*-* usi* ,)*se(ol*h *+*u usi* (el*s/(el*s *6*l Se(ol*h D*s*). *n*( su-*h -*,*+ -il*+ih menulis. mengg*mb*). melu(is. -*n b*)isbe)b*)is4 =4 Mel*lui ,e)(emb*ng*n mo+o)i( '*ng no)m*l memung(in(*n *n*( -*,*+ be)m*in *+*u be)g*ul -eng*n +em*n seb*'*nn'*. se-*ng(*n '*ng +i-*( no)m*l *(*n mengh*mb*+ *n*( un+u( -*,*+ be)g*ul -eng*n +em*n seb*'*n'* b*h(*n -i* *(*n +e)(u5il(*n(*n *+*u men&*-i *n*( '*ng ringer 7+e),inggi)(*n84 >4 Pe)(emb*ng*n (e+e)*m,il*n mo+o)i( s*ng*+ ,e)(emb*ng*n sel!on!ept *+*u (e,)ib*-i*n *n*(4
e3 Ui Pe"e()a#$a# M+t+i"
19
,en+ing
b*gi
!e)i(u+ *-*l*h bebe)*,* +es ,e)(emb*ng*n mo+o)i( '*ng se)ing -igun*(*n -*l*m menil*i ,e)(emb*ng*n *n*(. '*i+u:" $4 0ra1elton Newborn 0ehaviour Assessment S!ale. be)0ungsi men*(si) (on-isi b*'i. )e0le(s -*n in+e)*(si4 S(*l* ini -igun*(*n un+u( *n*( umu) neon*+us "4 21giris3Hunt Ordinal
S!ale.
be)0ungsi
men*(si) s+*-ium
senso)imo+o) menu)u+ Pi*ge+. '*ng -igun*(*n ,*-* *n*( umu) #/ " +*hun4 94 Gesell .nant S!ale dan Catell .nant S!ale. be)0ungsi +e)u+*m* men*(si) ,e)(emb*ng*n mo+o)i( ,*-* +*hun ,e)+*m* -eng*n bebe)*,* ,e)(emb*ng*n sosi*l -*n b*h*s*. -igun*(*n ,*-* umu) = minggu/9.>< +*hun4 =4 0a4le4 .nant S!ale o +evelopment . be)0ungsi men*(si) ,e)(emb*ng*n mo+o)i( -*n sosi*l. -igun*(*n ,*-* usi* minggu ".> +*hun4 >4 The +enver +evelopmental S!reening Test . be)0ungsi men*(si) ,e)(emb*ng*n ,e)son*l sosi*l. mo+o)i( h*lus. b*h*s* -*n mo+o)i( (*s*) ,*-* usi* $ bul*n +*hun4 4 5ale
6evised
+evelopment
Test .
be)0ungsi
men*(si)
,e)(emb*ng*n mo+o)i( (*s*). mo+o)i( h*lus. *-*,+i0. ,e)il*(u sosi*l -*n b*h*s*. -igu*n*(n ,*-* usi* = minggu +*hun %4 Geometri! orms Test . be)0ungsi men*(si) ,e)(emb*ng*n mo+o)i( h*lus -*n in+ele(+u*l4 4 7otor 7ilestone +evelopment K*)+u ,e)(emb*ng*n mo+o)i( *n*( me)u,*(*n (*)+u '*ng -igun*(*n De,(es -*n -o(+e) *n*(4 Ku)3* ,e)(emb*ng*n *n*(n'* h*n'* men5*n+um(*n s*+u +i+i( (em*m,u*n ge)*( *n*( '*ng me)u,*(*n h*sil ,e)hi+ung*n mo-us se¨*h *n*( ,*-* umu) +e)+en+u ,*-* s+u-i ,e)(emb*ng*n *n*( -i
20
lu*)
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3*)i*si
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(em*m,u*n mo+o)i(
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men-*,*+(*n su*+u (u)3* ,e)(emb*ng*n *n*( '*ng sesu*i -*n )ele3*n -eng*n ,)og)*m n*sion*l gi@i -*n (eseh*+*n4 ;*sil
,eneli+i*nn'*
mengh*sil(*n
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+e)ben+u( ini me)u,*(*n g*mb*)*n -*)i ,e)(emb*ng*n *n*( seh*+ In-onesi*. !e)i(u+ ini. *n+)o,ome+)i '*ng -igun*(*n un+u( mengu(u) mo+o)i( b*'i -eng*n mengggun*(*n Miles+one Pe)(emb*ng*n Mo+o)i( :
Pengu(u)*n
Miles+one
-i(emb*ng(*n oleh De,(es4 21
Pe)(emb*ng*n
Mo+o)i(
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*mb*) "4 Pengu(u)*n Miles+one Pe)(emb*ng*n Mo+o)i(
22
*mb*) 94 T*h*, ,e)(emb*ng*n *n*(
D. /ii,/ii Pe"e()a#$a#
Pe)(emb*ng*n memili(i (*)*(+e)is+i( '*ng -*,*+ -i)*m*l(*n -*n memili(i 5i)i/5i)i sehingg* -*,*+ -i,e)hi+ung(*n4 Bi)i/5i)i +e)sebu+. seb*g*i be)i(u+:$ $4 Pe)(emb*ng*n memili(i +*h*, '*ng be)u)u+*n. Pe)(emb*ng*n *-*l*h ,)oses '*ng (on+inue -*)i (onse,si s*m,*i m*+u)*si4 Pe)(emb*ng*n su-*h +e)&*-i se&*( -i-*l*m (*n-ung*n. -*n se+el*h (el*hi)*n me)u,*(*n su*+u m*s* -im*n* ,e)(emb*ng*n -*,*+ -eng*n mu-*h -i*m*+i4 "4 D*l*m ,)io-e +e)+en+u *-* m*s* ,e)5e,*+*n -*n *-* m*s* ,e)l*mb*+*n4 Te)-*,*+ 9 7+ig*8 ,e)io-e ,e)+umbuh*n 5e,*+ *-*l*h ,*-* m*s* &*nin. m*s* b*'i # $ +*hun. -*n m*s* ,ube)+*s4
23
94 Pe)(emb*ng*n memili(i ,ol* '*ng s*m* ,*-* se+i*, *n*(. +e+*,i (e5e,*+*nn'* be)be-*4 =4 Pe)(emb*ng*n -i,eng*)uhi oleh m*+u)*si s's+em s*)*0 ,us*+4 !*'i *(*n mengge)*((*n selu)uh +ubuhn'*. +*ng*n -*n (*(in'*4 >4 Re0le(s ,)imi+i0 se,e)+i )e0le(s memeg*ng -*n be)&*l*n *(*n menghil*ng sebelum ge)*(*n 3olun+e) +e)5*,*i4
E. Stat's Gii
S+*+us gi@i *-*l*h (e*-**n +ubuh seb*g*i *(ib*+ (onsusmsi m*(*n*n -*n ,enggun**n @*+/@*+ gi@i4 Dibe-*(*n *n+*)* s+*+us gi@i bu)u(. gi@i (u)*ng -*n gi@i lebih4% Ke*-**n
gi@i
seseo)*ng
mem,eng*)uhi
,e)+umbuh*n
-*n
,e)(emb*ng*nn'*. se)+* (e+*h*n*n +ubuh +e)h*-*, ,en'*(i+4 Penil*i*n gi@i *-*l*h
,)oses
'*ng
-igun*(*n
un+u(
menge3*lu*si
s+*+us
gi@i.
mengi-en+i0i(*si m*lnu+)isi. -*n menen+u(*n in-i3i-u m*n* '*ng s*ng*+ membu+uh(*n b*n+u*n gi@i4 Penil*i*n s+*+us gi@i -*,*+ -il*(u(*n mel*lui " 5*)* '*i+u ,enil*i*n s+*+us gi@i se5*)* l*ngsung -*n ,enil*i*n s+*+us gi@i se5*)* +i-*( l*ngsung4 Penil*i*n s+*+us gi@i se5*)* l*ngsung -*,*+ -ib*gi men&*-i = ,enil*i*n '*i+u : *n+)o,ome+)i. (linis. bio(imi* -*n bio0isi(4
1. Pe#$'"'a# A#t*++(eti
Penge)+i*n is+il*h 1nutritional anthropometr42 mul*/mul* mun5ul -*l*m 1 0od4 measurements and Human Nutrition2 '*ng -i+ulis oleh !)o@e( ,*-* +*hun $ '*ng +el*h -i-e0inisi(*n oleh Jelli00e 7$8 seb*g*i.
,engu(u)*n ,*-* 3*)i*si -imensi 0isi( -*n (om,osisi bes*)*n
+ubuh m*nusi* ,*-* +ing(*+ usi* -*n -e)*&*+ nu+)isi '*ng be)be-*4" *4 Jenis ,*)*me+e)
24
An+)o,ome+)i seb*g*i in-i(*+o) s+*+us gi@i -*,*+ -il*(u(*n -eng*n mengu(u) bebe)*,* ,*)*me+e)4 P*)*me+e) *-*l*h u(u)*n +ungg*l -*)i +ubuh m*nusi*. *n+*)* l*in : umu). be)*+ b*-*n -*n +inggi b*-*n4 $8 Umu) Umu) s*ng*+ memeg*ng ,e)*n*n -*l*m ,enen+u*n s+*+us gi@i. (es*l*h*n ,enen+u*n *(*n men'eb*b(*n in+e),)e+*si s+*+us gi@i '*ng s*l*h4 ;*sil ,enimb*ng*n be)*+ b*-*n m*u,un +inggi b*-*n '*ng *(u)*+. men&*-i +i-*( be)*)+i bil* +i-*( -ise)+*i -eng*n ,enen+u*n umu) '*ng +e,*+4 J*-i ,e)hi+ung*n umu) *-*l*h -*l*m bul*n ,enuh. *)+in'* sis* umu) -*l*m h*)i +i-*( -i,e)hi+ung(*n4$# "8 !e)*+ !*-*n !e)*+ b*-*n me)u,*(*n s*l*h s*+u u(u)*n '*ng membe)i(*n g*mb*)*n m*ss* &*)ing*n. +e)m*su( 5*i)*n +ubuh4 !e)*+ b*-*n s*ng*+ ,e(* +e)h*-*, ,e)ub*h*n '*ng men-*-*( b*i( (*)en* ,en'*(i+ in0e(si m*u,un (onsumsi m*(*n*n '*ng menu)un4 !e)*+ b*-*n ini -in'*+*(*n -*l*m ben+u( in-e(s !!
98 Tinggi !*-*n Tinggi b*-*n membe)i(*n g*mb*)*n 0ungsi ,e)+umbuh*n '*ng -ilih*+ -*)i (e*-**n (u)us (e)ing -*n (e5il ,en-e(4 Tinggi b*-*n s*ng*+ b*i( un+u( melih*+ (e*-**n gi@i m*s* l*lu +e)u+*m* '*ng be)(*i+*n -eng*n (e*-**n be)*+ b*-*n l*hi) )en-*h -*n (u)*ng
25
gi@i ,*-* m*s* b*li+*4 Tinggi b*-*n -in'*+*(*n -*l*m ben+u( In-e(s T!
26
!ebe)*,* in-e(s *n+)o,ome+)i '*ng se)ing -igun*(*n '*i+u be)*+ b*-*n -*n menu)u+ umu) 7!!
mengi(u+i
,e)+*mb*h*n
umu)4
Seb*li(n'*
-*l*m
(e*-**n *bno)m*l. +e)-*,*+ " (emung(in*n '*i+u -*,*+ be)(emb*ng 5e,*+
*+*u lebih
l*mb*+ -*)i (e*-**n
no)m*l4
!e)-*s*)(*n
(*)*(+e)is+i( be)*+ b*-*n m*(* in-e(s be)*+ b*-*n
"8 Tinggi !*-*n menu)u+ Umu) Tinggi b*-*n me)u,*(*n *n+)o,ome+)i '*ng mengg*mb*)(*n (e*-**n ,e)+umbuh*n s(ele+*l4 P*-* (e*-**n no)m*l. +inggi b*-*n +ubuh sei)ing -eng*n ,e)+*mb*h*n umu)4 Pe)+umbuh*n +inggi b*-*n +i-*( se,e)+i be)*+ b*-*n. )el*+i3e (u)*ng sensi+i0 +e)h*-*, m*s*l*h (e(u)*ng*n gi@i -*l*m 6*(+u '*ng ,en-e(4 Peng*)uh -e0inisi gi@i +e)h*-*, +inggi b*-*n *(*n n*m,*( -*l*m 6*(+u '*ng )el*+i0 l*m*4% 98 !e)*+ !*-*n menu)u+ Tinggi !*-*n
27
!e)*+ b*-*n memili(i hubung*n '*ng line*) -eng*n +inggi b*-*n4 D*l*m (e*-**n no)m*l. ,e)(emb*ng*n be)*+ b*-*n *(*n se*)*h -eng*n ,e)+umbuh*n +inggi b*-*n -eng*n (e5*,*+*n +e)+en+u4 in-e(s !!
28
*mb*) =4 Ku)3* Pe)+umbuh*n In+)*u+e)in menu)u+ ,*n&*ng. ling(*) (e,*l*. -*n be)*+ l*hi) b*'i +ungg*l Sumbe): Lub5hen5o L. ;*nsm*n B. !o'- E /aa K!asi&i"asi 8 1
$4 !e)*+ b*-*n +e)h*-*, umu) !! : m*lnu+)isi )ing*n 7g)*-e $8 %>/$ : m*lnu+)isi se-*ng 7g)*-e "8 $ : m*lnu+)isi be)*+ 7g)*-e 98 b4 Menu)u+ Jellie0e : / !*(u !os+on / B*)* -*)i me-i*n / Kl*si0i(*si : $$#/# : no)m*l #/$ : m*lnu+)isi )ing*n 7g)*-e $8 #/$ : m*lnu+)isi se-*ng 7g)*-e " -*n 98 $ : m*lnu+)isi be)*+ 7g)*-e =8 "4 Tinggi b*-*n +e)h*-*, umu) T!
29
/ B*)* / Kl*si0i(*si > >/# #/> >
: -*)i me-i*n : : no)m*l : m*lnu+)isi )ing*n : m*lnu+)isi se-*ng : m*lnu+)isi be)*+
b4 W;O
BAB III KESIMPULAN
Pe)+umbuh*n 7g)o6+h8 *-*l*h se+i*, ,e)ub*h*n -*)i +ubuh '*ng be)hubung*n -eng*n be)+*mb*hn'* u(u)*n +ubuh b*i( 0isi( 7*n*+omis8 m*u,un s+)u(+u)*l -*l*m
30
*)+i seb*gi*n *+*u men'elu)uh4 D*n ,e)(emb*ng*n 7development 8 i*l*h be)+*mb*hn'* (em*m,u*n s+)u(+u) -*n 0ungsi +ubuh '*ng lebih (om,le(s. sehingg* be)si0*+ (u*li+*+i0. '*ng ,engu(u)*nn'* &*uh lebih suli+ -ib*n-ing -eng*n ,engu(u)*n ,e)+umbuh*n4 Tumbuh (emb*ng me)u,*(*n ,)oses '*ng be)(esin*mbung*n mul*i -*)i (onse,si s*m,*i -e6*s*4 D*n -i,eng*)uhi oleh -u* 0*(+o) '*i+u 0*(+o) b*6**n -*n 0*(+o) ling(ung*n4 Se-*ng(*n +*h*,/+*h*, ,e)+umbuh*n se5*)* umum -ib*gi men&*-i " b*gi*n. '*i+u m*s* ,)en*+*l -*n ,os+n*+*l4 Se+i*, *n*( *(*n mele6*+i +*h*,/+*h*, +e)sebu+4 D*n +e)-*,*+ = in-i(*+o) ,e)ub*h*n. '*i+u ,e)ub*h*n u(u)*n. ,)o,o)si. hil*ngn'* 5i)i/5i)i l*m*.
-*n +imbuln'* 5i)i/5i)i b*)u4 Semen+*)*. 5i)i/5i)i
,e)(emb*ng*n *-*l*h melib*+(*n ,e)ub*h*n. ,e)(emb*ng*n *6*l menen+u(*n ,e)+umbuh*n sel*n&u+n'*. mem,un'*i ,ol* '*ng +e+*,. memili(i +*h*, '*ng be)u)u+*n. mem,un'*i (e5e,*+*n '*ng be)be-*. -*n be)(o)el*si -eng*n , e)+umbuh*n Kebu+uh*n -*s*) *n*( un+u( +umbuh (emb*ng. se5*)* umum -i golong(*n men&*-i +ig* (ebu+uh*n -*s*) : '*i+u (ebu+uh*n 0isis/biome-is 7*suh8. (ebu+uh*n *(*n emosi *+*u (*sih s*'*ng 7*sih8 -*n (ebu+uh*n *(*n s+imul*si 7*s*h84 Un+u( menil*i ,e)+umbuh*n *n*(. -igun*(*n u(u)*n *n+)o,ome+)i(. mis*ln'* be)*+ b*-*n. +inggi b*-*n. ling(*) (e,*l*. e)u,si gigi. -*n l*in/l*in4 Semen+*)*. un+u( mengu(u) +ing(*+ ,e)(emb*ng*n *n*( -*,*+ -igun*(*n s(*l*/s(*l*4 Mis*ln'*. *-*l*h S(*l* *umil/Mimi4 Sel*in i+u. *-* me+o-e s()ining '*ng se)ing -igun*(*n un+u( menil*i (e+e)l*mb*+*n ,e)(emb*ng*n ,*-* *n*(. '*i+u Den3e) II4 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
$4 Soe+&iningsih. $>. Tumbuh Kemb*ng An*(. J*(*)+*: Pene)bi+
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