SLCC Anatomy CH 26- Digestive system Study online at quizlet.com/_1b7j2a 1.
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The ascending colon originates at the ____ valve, extending superiorly from the superior edge of the cecum.
ileocecal
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The ascending colon superiorly extends from the superior border of the cecum along the ____ ____ border of the abdominal cavity.
right lateral
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Because they are completely surrounded in visceral peritoneum, interperitoneal organs have an outermost tunic composed of areolar connective tissue with dispersed collagen and elastic fibers called
adventitia
Between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum, there is the _____.
peritoneal cavity
binds to vitamin B12 for absorption in the ileum
intrinsic factor
breaks down proteins
pepsin
the cardia and pylorus glands secrete protective, alkaline mucin produced by ____ and ____ cells.
Parietal and mucous neck cells
cells of the stomach that secrete HCl
parietal cells
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cells that produce bile and decrease the size (not quantity) of fatty molecules
hepatocytes
The coronary ligament is an example of a ______, which is a peritoneal fold that attaches one organ to the anterior or lateral wall.
peritoneal ligament
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The ____ duct connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct.
cystic
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Epithelium lining small intestine
simple columnar
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Epithelium lining the esophagus
stratified squamous
Final region of the small intestine, that ends at the ileocecal valve that enters into the large intestine
ileum
The first segment of the small intestine, where bile and pancreatic juice enter
duodenum
the four concentric layers of the GI tract, from innermost to outermost
muscosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia or serosa
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uvula
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From the posterior region of the soft palate is the conical projection called the ____.
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The gallbladder has three tunics. Name these from deep to superficial.
inner submucosa, inner mucosa, and external serosa
Glands of the cardia and pylorus produce
protective, alkaline, mucin
glands of the fundus and body contain what cells the produce highly acidic secretion
all cell types
Glands of the fundus and body produce
highly acidic secretions
hormone that stimulates contractile activity and secretions from the parietal and chief cells
gastrin
Important accesory organs of the GI tract are the gallbladder, pancreas, and _____.
liver
___ ___ increase surface area through with nutrients can be efficiently absorbed. Are more numerous in the duodenum and jejunum, and least numerous in the ileum
Circular folds
The initial or first region of the large intestine is a blind sac called the ____.
cecum
_____ innervation promotes GI tract secretions and peristalsis, and relaxing sphincters; whereas sympathetic inhibits.
Parasympathetic
Intraperitoneal organs include
stomach; jejunum, and ileum of the small intestine; appendix; the transverse and sigmoid colon
____ is the internal opening where the cardia meets the esophagus.
Cardiac orifice
Large intestine movements are regulated by local ____ of the autonomic nervous system.
reflexes
Large intestine movements are regulated by local reflexes in the ____ nervous system.
autonomic
The large intestine originates at the _____ junction and terminates at the anus.
ileocecal
The largest of the salivary glands, producing only serous secretions, and is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve.
parotid
The liver is covered by a connective tissue capsule and a layer of ____ peritoneum, except where the diaphragmatic region which is bare.
visceral
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liver to anterior internal wall
falciform ligament
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liver to diaphragm
coronary ligament
Lymphatic nodules in the wall of the ileum
Peyer patches
Lymphatic structures called MALT are found in the ____ and ____.
small intestine; appendix
The main pancreatic duct merges with the ______, and their contents empty into the duodenum through the major duodenal papilla.
common bile duct
Mass movements in the large intestine are called
gastrocolic reflex
a mixed gland of endocrine and exocrine functions, but mostly exocrine
pancreas
The muscularis of the stomach is composed of three layers. Name the layers from deep to superficial.
oblique, circular, longitudinal
____ nerves promote digestion, whereas ___ nerves inhibit.
Parasympathetic promotes, sympathetic inhibit
The oblique layer is best developed in the cardia and ____ of the stomach.
body
organs that are completely covered by visceral peritoneum
intraperitoneal organs
Organs that are described as being retroperitoneal, their outermost tunic has an additional layer of visceral peritoneum called
serosa
Organs that are external or posterior to the peritoneum, so only their anterolateral portions are covered
retroperitoneal organs
The pancreas is considered a mixed organ because it exhibits both ____ and ____ functions
exocrine; endocrine
Pancreatic juice is NOT responsible for
emulsifying fats
A potential space that lubricates both the body wall and organ surfaces, allowing organs to move freely
peritoneal cavity
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The primary region of the small intestine where chemical digestion and nutrient absorption happen
jejunum
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produce acidic mucin
mucous neck cells
Propulsion is the act of movement, when ___ creates ripples and ___ is back-andforth.
peristalsis, segmentation
the remnant of the fetal umbilical vein
round ligament of the liver
Retroperitoneal organs include
most of the duodenum; pancreas; ascending and descending colon; rectum
right and left lobes of the liver are seperated by the
falciform ligament
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Sacs of the large intestine
haustra
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secrete gastrin
enteroendocrine cells
secrete hydorchloric acid and intrinsic factor
parietal cells
secrete mucin
surface mucin cells
The serous membrane that lines the inside surface of the body wall
parietal peritoneum
serous membrane that overs the individual organ
visceral peritoneum
The smallest of the salivary glands, producing both mucus and serous secretions.
sublingual
The small intestine is responsible for absorbing ___ of the nutrients and water.
most
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space between cheek and gum
vestibule
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spleen to kidney
lienorenal ligament
the structural AND functional units of the liver, each with a central vein that merges to from hepatic veins
hepatic lobules
Swallowing is also known as _____.
deglutition
Sympathetic innervation of the GI tract is responsible for
closing the pyloric syphincter
synthesize and secrete pepsinogen, which acid coverts into pepsin
chief cells
The three main plexuses of nerves are the
celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric
The three pairs of salivary glands are the submandibular, sublingual, and _____.
parotid
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The three phases of swallowing are voluntary, pharyngeal, and _____.
esophageal
Three types of movements associated with the large intestine, from weakest to strongest
peristaltic, haustral churning, and mass movements
When chewed, food is mixed with saliva and turned into a balled substance called
bolus
where esophagus meets pharynx
superior esophageal syphincter
where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm and connects to the stomach
esophageal hiatus
