SLCC Anatomy CH 27: Urinary System Study online at quizlet.com/_1caeua 1.
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The 3 tunics of the ureters, from innermost are
mucosa, muscularis, adventia
The active transport of substance from the blood into the tubular fluid is called ______. This is when tubular fluid becomes urine.
tubular secretion
The apex of a renal pyramid is called the renal ____.
papilla
The arteries located at the corticomedullary junction are the _____ arteries.
arcuate
The bladder is lined with ____ epithelium.
transitional
A blockage in a glomerulus would directly obstruct blood flow into which vessel?
efferent arteriole
Compared with most capillaries, those of a glomerulus are unusual in which ways?
thicker basement membranes, higher blood pressure, and highly oxygenated blood leaves
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Damage to the renal medulla would most directly impair the function of
collecting ducts
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The direct consequence of inadequate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion would most likely be
dehydration
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The DTC secretes ____ and ____ ions, reabsorbs sodium in the presence of aldosterone, and reabsorbs water in the presence of ADH.
hydrogren and potassium
Ducts in each renal papilla drain into a ______.
minor calyx
During which steps of urine formation are substances actually removed from the blood?
filtration and secretion
Filtrate becomes tubular fluid via the diffusion and active transport from the tubular fluid back into the blood within the collecting ducts in a process called _____.
tubular reabsorption
The following doesnot characterize the micturition reflex
internal urethral sphincter relaxes under conscious, voluntary control
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The four tissue layers surrounding and supporting the kidneys are the
fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia, and paranephric fat
From which part of the renal tubule are 60-65% of the water and virtually all nutrients, electrolytes, and plasma proteins reabsorbed into the blood?
proximal convoluted tubule
The functional unit of the kidney
nephron
A group of modified epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubule that touch juxtaglomerular cells. Are able to adjust blood pressure, thus increasing urine pressure.
Macula Densa
Inferior, voluntary sphnicter controlled by somatic nerves. this is what is trained with children.
external urethral sphnicter
The ____________ innervation to the kidney has no known effect.
parasympathetic
____ is passive movement of substances from the blood within the glomerulus, creating filtrate.
Glomerular filtration
The ___ is subdivided into the renal pyramids.
medulla
The juxtaglomerular apparatus work with the macula densa to
regulate blood pressure.
Juxtaglomerular cells release ____, activating a pathway that produces aldosterone.
renin
The kidneys secrete _____, which increases the production of red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels.
erythropoietin
Long loops of the juxtamedullary nephrons extend deep into the renal medulla and are associated with _____.
vasa recta
The major calyces combine to form the _____.
renal pelvis
The minor calyces merge to form a _____.
major calyx
The ____ muscle of the muscularis propels urine.
detrusor
Nephron loops of juxtamedullary nephrons are to vasa recta as convoluted tubules of cortical nephrons are to ______.
peritubular capillaries
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Of the urethra, kidney, bladder, and ureter, which is the organ responsible for filtering the blood?
kidney
The outer layer of the kidney, just internal to the fibrous capsule, is the renal
cortex
Physically part of a nephron, each ____________ is also part of a tiny structure that helps regulate blood pressure and volume.
macula densa
Pyramid + ____ + cortex = renal lobe
column
Reabsorption is the movement of fluid and solutes from the tubular fluid into the ____ space.
capsular
Releases renin when the macula densa detects changes in ions and blood volume. Are modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole.
juxtaglomerular cells
The renal pelvis DOESNT convey urine directly to the ___.
urethra
The renal plexus that innervates each kidney includes all of the following except
the T10-T12 paravertebral ganglia
The structural unit of the kidney
Renal lobe
Superior, involuntary sphincter controlled by the detrusor muscle, which is innervated by the ANS.
internal urethral sphnicter
The superior ureters are innervated by the ___, while the inferior ureters are innervated by T11 - 12.
vagus
Tissue layers, from innermost to outermost, of the kidney
fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia, paranephric fat
Tubular fluid from the proximal convoluted tubule next travels to the ____.
nephron loop
Tubular reabsorption is made possible by the hormones ___ from the hypothalamus and ___ from the adrenal glands.
ADH; aldosterone
The ureters and bladder are anchored to the abdominal wall by ____, except the top of the bladder which has serosa.
advetitia
Urine in the major calyx travels to the ____ next.
renal pelvis
What are all components of a nephron?
a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
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What three physical barriers must filtrate cross within the renal corpuscle?
glomerular endothelium, basement membrane, and podocytes
Which arteries of the kidneys have no companion vessels?
segmental arteries
Which hormone, produced by the adrenal cortex in response to rising levels of angiotensin II, increases water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules?
aldosterone
Which part of the renal tubule is lined throughout its length by a simple cuboidal epithelium with sparse, short microvilli?
distal convoluted tubule
Which structures assist in producing more concentrated urine?
renal tubules and collecting ducts
Which tunic found in the walls of most digestive organs, and the urinary bladder, is missing from the walls of the ureters?
submucosa
