Pss Sincal Slides

Power Transmission and Distribution

PSS®SINCAL Benefits from advanced network planning procedures E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

PSS®SINCAL System Planning for all Fields

Power

Water

Gas

District Heating

Network analysis and planning Weak points Optimal structures Cost effective networks Multi Windowing Diagrams for Visualizing

Network Analysis steady state and dynamic E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

Mainte nance

Assets

Metering

ERP

GIS

SCADA

Embedding PSS®SINCAL into IT Environment

…

CIM-Exchange •ODMS EXCEL-Import Scripting (any language) Customized: SCADA GIS ERP …. Customized Applications

Messages

Reports (Crystal )

Evaluations

Diagrams

Calculation methods

GUI

CIM/XML

Interfaces (API,COM)

Standard Interfaces: •GIS Smallworld (Mettenmeier) •DVG •UCTE •PSS E •Adept •Viper •NETOMAC

Tabular Editor

Data Bus - (virtual) Data Ware House - Middle ware IEC 61970 - CIM/XML

PSS® SINCAL ….

Object oriented access layer (models, methods, cases) COM-Interfaces: Data base access layer SINCAL DB

Data Dictionary

Input data elements

Graphic data Results

SQL-DB

Workspace XML

protection

global / local global / local

Libraries

macros

global / local E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

PSS®SINCAL Modules – Electricity Networks Basic Modules

Enhanced Modules

Time Domain

Frequency Domain

Protection

Strategy

Load LoadFlow Flow Balanced Balanced

Load LoadFlow Flow Unbalanced Unbalanced

Motor MotorStart Start

Ripple RippleControl Control

Distance DistanceProtection Protection

Reliability Reliability

Short Short Circuit Circuit3-Phase 3-Phase IEC IEC//VDE VDE //ANSI ANSI// G74 G74 or orPreload Preload

Multiple MultipleFault Fault

Stability Stability

Harmonic Harmonic Response Response

Overcurrent Overcurrent Time Time Protection Protection

Cost Cost Calculations Calculations


Dimensioning Dimensioningof of LV LV Networks Networks

Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Transients Transients EMT EMT

Protection ProtectionSimulation Simulation

Generation Generation and and Load LoadProfile Profile


Compensation Compensation Optimization Optimization

Contingency ContingencyAnalysis Analysis

Load LoadBalancing Balancing

Load LoadAllocation Allocation(Trim) (Trim) Transformer TransformerTap TapDetection Detection

FACTS FACTSModels Models

Optimal Optimal Branching Branching

Load LoadFlow FlowOptimization Optimization

Generic Generic Wind WindModels Models

Arc ArcFlash FlashHazard Hazard

Eigenvalues Eigenvalues

Load LoadDevelopment Development Graphical Graphical Model Model Builder Builder BOSL BOSL// Netcad Netcad

Optimal Optimal Network Network Structures Structures

Line LineConstants Constants t [sec] 2.0

t [s]

-K2 -K2

S5 S7

EB6 EB3

NA-B RSZ3n kv a

K2

S2

EB2

3WN6

K2

S7

EB7

3UA42-2C

K2

S1

EB1

7SJ512

104

1.5 103

1.0 10

EB14 EB2 EB11 EB12 EB5 EB10

2

0.5 EB14 EB2

EB12

EB10 10

1

0.0 S1 SS1

EB11 SS3

EB5 SS2

Abg1 1

-0.5

-1.0

10-1

-1.5 10

-2

-2.0 -3

Z[Ohm] 10

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 Schutzstrecke: EB14 [S1,Abg1]

10

-1

I [A] 1

10

1

10

2

103

10

4

10

5

E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

PSS™SINCAL Modules - Pipe Networks Gas

Gas Gas Steady SteadyState State

Water

Water Water Steady SteadyState State

District Heating

District District Heating Heating Steady SteadyState State

Water Water Tower TowerFilling Filling

Gas Gas Dynamic Dynamic

Water Water Dynamic Dynamic

District District Heating Heating Dynamic Dynamic

Gas Gas Contingency ContingencyAnalysis Analysis

Water Water Contingency ContingencyAnalysis Analysis

District District Heating Heating Contingency ContingencyAnalysis Analysis


Presentation of Calculation Results Protocol in Crystal Reports


Presentation of Calculation Results Result evaluation in tabular view


Presentation of Calculation Results Display at Element Location


Presentation of Calculation Results Results in the Network Map- Short Circuit


Presentation of Calculation Results Results in the Network Map- unbal. Loadflow


Presentation of Calculation Results Network with coloured Results


Diagram Comparison for Different Variants In the diagram system, diagram data from different variants can now be compared.

Fig: Dialog box for customizing diagrams

Fig: Voltage curve diagram with data from multiple variants E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

Presentation of Calculation Results Diagrams for Illustration


Supporting Network Planning by common features •Building catalogues for network parts or specific outlet or busbar configurations •Working with macros working with multiple data bases at the same time see them in separate windows holding them synchronous defining connetcion points between them •Using variants using tree structure for updates maintaining the network changes evaluate across different variants •Defining batch procedures •Programming with COM-Interfaces E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

Macro usage


Calculation of Transfer between Networks


Supporting Network Planning with specific features •Definition of areas, zones and other element groups •Calculation of power exchange between areas •Highlighting of element groups •Calculation and display of ISO-Areas e.g. for load density •Positioning of Substation by load density criteria •Feeder evaluation and documentation •Load profiles (days, weeks ,year, common) •Load increase in areas during time periods •Cost calculation (elements with life time cycles) E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

PSS®SINCAL Network Generation: Load Density Visualization On basis of the customer loads and their location in the area a load density visualization is done with „iso regions“ With this it is possible to get a quick overview about the load and feeding situation.

green: low load density

red: high load density e.g. town centre E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

Iso area with load density and substation placement


Feeder evaluation and documenation

•Feeder individually or per substation •Feeder documentation in EXCEL sheets •e.g. adjascent feeder checking


Feeder Evaluation


Load density in areas with proposal for supply loops


load development during a long time period load increase in areas with additional loads

load density in different areas during a 10 years investigation

2000

2005

2010 E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

Digitizing of Maps


Background Graphics

.shp .MrSid


From Data Collection to Results

Import from GIS

Digitised

Import from Excel

PSS®E, etc. PSS®SINCAL Data Base Export to Excel

Results


Standard Interface between GE Smallworld and PSS®SINCAL


PSS®SINCAL – Network displayed in Google Earth


PSS®SINCAL Networks and Results displayed in Google Earth


Modelling of Large Transmission Networks in PSS®SINCAL


PSS®SINCAL – Example: Schematic Network View


Example: Network with synchronized geographic and one-line diagram


PSS®SINCAL Substion Model (with decluttering)


Wind Power Simulation

•

Modeling of wind power plants and their effect on the network:

•

Connection and Grid Code Compliance Studies Load flow, short-circuit, harmonics, protection and dynamic simulations (RMS, EMT), fault ride through

•

Connection models AC-connections, HVDC, HSC-HVDC, DC-lines


Wind Power Simulation

Modeling of wind power plants and their effect on the network:

1.2 5 PCC volta ge (pu)

0

-1.2 5 1 MEL [pu] WTG1 MMEC H [pu] WTG1

Modeling of wind generators Generic models for squirrel-cage and double-fed induction generators, direct driven synchronous generators (including pitch control, wind speed, crowbar, PWM controllers, etc.) are available. Specific vendor models can be embedded.

0

-1 1 Y DREHZ WTG1 cppu

[__]

0

-1 4 P [MW ] BRA 2 LT G3 Q [Mvar] BRA 2 LT G3

0

-4 1

10 Y DRE HZ W TG1 b eta

[__]

Y DREHZ WTG1 vwf

[__]

0

0

-10

-1

4 Q [Mv ar] C AP1 PCC

5 Y VAR -Y CAP 1 NC

[__]

0

0

-4

-50

1.25

2.50

5.00 [s ]

3.75

SCIG SMIB test syste m - RMS - dT=1 - SCR=1000

Siemens AG, E D SE PTI SW TES TNET 2009 -1 0-30

1 Pr oduce d with PSS

12 :19

(R)

NETO M AC (Re gi stered trademark of S iemens A G)

wind profiles •

user –defined models (including machine model)

5 active pow er stator + LSC (MW ) reactiv e power stator + LSC (MVAr )

0

-5 5 active pow er stator (MW ) reactiv e power stator (MVAr )

0

-5 2 active pow er LSC (MW ) reactiv e power LSC (MVAr )

•

Matlab

Simulink®

models

0

-2 2 active cu rr ent stator + LSC (pu) reactiv e curren t stator + LSC (pu)

0

-2 2 crow bar t rigger

0

-2 1 .5 generato r speed (pu) 0

-1 .50

Siemens AG, E D SE PTI SW DFIG_TESTNET 20 09 -10-3 0

12 :28

0.25

0.5 0

0.7 5

1.0 0 [s ]

DFIG SMIB test system - RMS - dT=1 - SCR=1 00

1 Pr oduce d w ith PSS (R) NET OM AC (R e gi st ere d trade mark of S iemens A G)


One PSS®SINCAL Element Model for all Tasks The model complexity could vary from very simple (e.g. for short circuit) to normal (Load Flow or Harmonics) and different levels of complexity for Dynamics (different PV models or wind)


Example: PSS®SINCAL Dynamics in Unbalanced Networks with DER (PV, Wind,…) simulates effects like: •network stability, if a wind generator at the end of a feeder disconnects from the grid and grid is unbalanced or •unbalanced faults simulation in balanced systems e.g. according to grid code


Smart Grid Simulation (photovoltaic, fuel cells, batteries, …) •

•

Distributed generation (e.g. photovoltaic, wind turbines, fuel cells, batteries) and its effect on the network can be simulated. •

Single-phase loads and generation can be modeled.

•

Quasi-dynamic simulation of changes in solar radiation or wind speed is possible with generation/load profiles.

•

Smart meter data can be integrated.

Stability analysis (for balanced & unbalanced disturbances), protection simulation, harmonic analysis, etc.


Smart Grid Calculation Smart Metering


Smart Grid Calculation






Solution for optimal Operation: Switching off backfeeding Transformer by Network Protectors meshed low voltage network with (single phase) DER

feed-back of transformers

sequential switch off of transformers by NWP


PSS®SINCAL has an linkage to MDMS system Understand the actual networks and evaluate specific events (post mortem) Improve long term network planning based on profile data for loads and generators

Develop more suitable „standard profiles“ for utility-specific clusters of customers.

Recognize different trends in the network at an early stage

Support „Operation Planning“ : Influence the network configuration based on the actual situation Optimize the loading of elements due to the conditions of the last period Shift investments to a later date E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

Long Term Network Planning in PSS®SINCAL via MeterReadService from Energy IP Existing network model within the network planning System PSS®SINCAL All loads and generators linked to standard VWEW profiles 2 loads represent the meters in the presentation wall, are linked to these meters with specific profile names

On request load profiles from history are uploaded from Energy IP system to SINCAL data base

Messages

Reports

(Crystal )

Evaluations

Diagrams

Tabular Editor

methods

Calculation

GUI

PSS®SINCAL

SINCAL analyzes this specific day ….


Data Dictionary

Input data Graphic data Results SQL-DB

New, optimal network structures with additional equipment are evaluated

elements

Workspace XML

global / local

protection

global / local

macros

global / local

Libraries


Long Term Network Planning in PSS®SINCAL via MeterReadService from Energy IP The network simulation gives you results for the loading of the network and for the voltage ranges during the day in every location SINCAL also provides theme-maps for the whole network e.g. for the voltage at different times This will lead to optimized network configuration for the future based on reliable evaluations


Operation Network Planning in PSS®SINCAL via the ActivityGateway of Energy IP Existing network model within the network planning System PSS®SINCAL All loads and generators linked to standard VWEW profiles and planning P and Q 2 loads represent the meters in the presentation wall, are linked to these meters with the actual P and Q

On request via the ActivityGateway of EnergyIP the average P and Q of the last ¼ h of the loads are updated in the SINCAL data base

Messages

Reports (Crystal )

Evaluations

Diagrams

Tabular Editor

methods

Calculation

GUI

PSS®SINCAL

….

SINCAL simulates the actual situation of the network and optimizes the network configuration


Data Dictionary

Input data Graphic data Results

Actual Customer Meter Data SQL-DB

elements

Workspace XML

global / local

protection

global / local

Libraries

macros

The operation planning can initiate suitable changes in the SCADA system

global / local


Operation Network Planning in PSS®SINCAL via the ActivityGateway of Energy IP The network simulation gives you results for the loading of the network and for the voltage ranges for the near real time situation

With a suitable network configuration a change of parts of a feeder to an adjacent feeder can optimize generation and losses in the network


Benefit for Utilities and Customers With the better and actual knowledge of the network situation gained out of the customer and feeder data together with the structure and operation planning the networks can be optimized Benefits Save losses Save investment cost Save carbon pollution May offer cheaper energy to the customers Support new form of Micro Grids Support new pricing models for customers (e.g. load shedding on demand) Operate networks with a high content of distributed energy resources (DER)


PSS®SINCAL : Programming Interface Open Structure SINCAL 3.52

SINCAL DB

PSS™SINCAL 5xx Open + Documentated DB

SINCAL DB

+ VBA External Applications could control PSS®SINCAL by standard-API‘s DATA

SINCAL COM

.NET

VBS DATA + Methods E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

PSS®SINCAL : Example Automation Control of PSS®SINCAL by Excel Requirements: • PSS®SINCAL V5xx • MS Excel 2000 Tools: • Visual Basic for Application (VBA) • Visual Basic Editor within Excel Knowledge: • SQL • Visual Basic • PSS®SINCAL DB-Structure


3D-Visualization – Load funnels


3D-Visualization – Load density and max load


Good Reasons for PSS®SINCAL: •

Long history in power system planning, analysis and software

•

Complete network analysis tool for electricity networks (radial/meshed, balanced/unbalanced, all voltage levels) as well as gas, water and district heat networks

•

Powerful network analysis and planning tools with strong graphical visualization & automated documentation capability

•

Geographic and schematic networks diagrams are supported

•

Good integration in work flows and with other IT-systems, e.g. GIS (e.g. ESRI, Smallworld etc.), SCADA/DMS/EMS interfaces

•

Numerous standard import and export formats, e.g. PSS E, CIM, Excel

•

Easy to use („Plug and work“), online help, hotline support

•

Trainings, customized workshops and user group meetings

•

Continuous further development and regular updates



calculation of quality mixture from different sources and time from source to node


contour plotting in pipe networks (load density)


Contour plotting of elevation of nodes


longitudinal cuts through network


longitudinal cut: results


longitudinal cut for three different working points


Water: filling of water tower within the day


day profile of at a defined node


display of problems in supply


longitudinal cut: forward and reverse flow (heating)


PSS®SINCAL Loadflow Tasks

Tasks: Determination of currents, voltages and powers within electrical networks - within operation - within failure of operation equipment - while changing of loads Restrictions: no overloading or operation equipment voltages within the voltage range machines within controler ranges Determination of weak points


PSS®SINCAL Loadflow constant Power or constant Impedance B

ZAB

A

I UL

UG = const.

S = const.

S = 3 x UL x J = const.

ZAB

A

constant power

B

I UG = const.

UL

Z

UL² S = S100%

UL

(U )

2

S=

Z

constant impedance

Z = const.

100%


PSS®SINCAL Loadflow Loadflow - Iteration Methods

S*SOLL Y

•

U(y)

Current - Iteration

=

*(y-1)

U

δP δΘ

|U|

δP δ|U| •

Newton-Raphson δQ δΘ

δQ |U| δ|U|

∆P

∆Θ ∆|U| |U|

= ∆Q


Load and generation profile modelling

load or generation profile

simultaneity factor


PSS®SINCAL Load Flow – Day Profiles Working with day curves (different types, 96-1/4h-values)

Calculating power from energy Working with diversity factors Losses at the transformer in kWh E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

PSS®SINCAL Short Circuit Tasks

Determination of the max. and min values at.: 123-

}

phase short circuits

according to VDE 0102/1/90 eg. IEC 909 or 2002 for system configuration, thermic and dynamic dimensioning of switching devices, protection coordination interference, method of neutral-point connection


PSS®SINCAL Short Circuit Stress in case of short circuit

current

Ik“

thermic stress

iP

mechanical stress

2 √ 2 Ik" iP

upper envelope curve DC component

A

2√2 Ik= 2√2 Ik"

time

switching off time: 0,1s...1s

lower envelope curve


PSS®SINCAL Short Circuit with Preload Loadflow

Short Circuit: Feed back

Superposition

Short Circuit with Preload


PSS®SINCAL Dimensioning Tasks Protection Devices – must carry load current – must switch off faults selectively

Combination: Loadflow 1 - phase short circuit


PSS®SINCAL Dimensioning protection area is limited by two fuses 1. Time step In2 In1

Σ Ik1 > k ( In1 + In2 )

Σ Ik1

2. Time step Ik2 In1 < k

Ik2

In1 3. Time step

In2 < Ik3

In2

Ik3 k


PSS®SINCAL Dimensioning Contradictions

Load current > rated current of fuse ( Insi ) ( existent ) Load current > max. permissable Insi according to neutralization Rated current of existing fuse Insi > max. perm.Insi according to neutralization


PSS®SINCAL Multiple Faults Combination of Faults


PSS®SINCAL Stability (ST)


PSS®SINCAL Electromagnetic Transients (EMT)


System Overview

®

Graphical input with NETCAD : System components, Machines, Shafts, Grid- and machine controllers, Control units

Load flow Initial conditions

only Load flow

System in a-b-c All elements by differential equations Non-linearities

Single line network Complex admittances Symmetrical components Fundamental frequency

Time domain Instantaneous values ns ... µ s ... ms ... s

Time domain Quasi steady-state values s ... min Electromechanical phenomena Frequency [Hz] 50

Load flow Operating point

Short circuit calculation IEC or ANSI

Graphical output of results with

System linearization

NETCAD

Frequency response Resonances

Special requirements, e.g. interferences of tunnel accessories by trains Line feeder

48.5

jΩ

NEVA®

75%

10-2

Local modes

2.5Hz

Degree of compensation

Chain Wall G5

-4

10

0 Rails

System Generator

Cable duct

Voltage System 1 and 2 [%]

85

Eigenvalue Observability, analysis Controllability

1

Return path Power System 2 - System 1 [MW]

65

100

Frequency domain Frequency domain Eigenvalue analysis Eigenvalue analysis System oscillations

Frequency domain all system variables

Earthing strip

G3 G4

G2

Inter-area modes G6 G1

0.5Hz σ

1


Program Modes Stability Mode Frequency Response

1.5 LE-Volt [ pu] AE

0.0

1000 P [ MW] SL5-2 1.5 VOLTAGE NODE AE IN P.U.

0

DIF-Volt[ pu] 110KVT2. R BETR.SIE R

1

0

0.0

-1000

-1 75 THETA [ Deg] GT5MVA THETA [ Deg]0 DT2.5MVA

VOLTAGE AND ACTIVE PO R

-1.5

0.0

SIEMENS AG, EV NP

1000 ACTIVE POWER AT AE IN MW

Q 1.5[ pu] GT5MVA

SVC_DEMO 15.9.1999

-75 1

1

1

+ 0.7 pu

-1000

SVC_DEMO_K

1

LE-Volt [ pu] BETR.SIE R

0

-1 1

- 0.7 puAND 0 VOLTAGE ACTIVE POWER NODE AE

0

-1

-1 5

1.0 1.5 LOAD FLOW CONTROLLER (LFC) 3PHASE SC AT F-L7 CLEARED BY OPENING SL7-1 AND SL7-2 AFTER 0.256SEC. SVC ON NODE AE WITH RANGE +/- 400.000 FREQUENCY CONTROLLED PAGE :

2.0 SEC IA_HV [ pu] GT5MVA 1

0

Generatorgrößen Bild 1 von 1

Produced with NETOMAC (R) NETOMAC is a registered trade-mark of Siemens AG

Transient Mode

SEC

-1 1 MMECH [ pu] GT5MVA MEL [ pu] GT5MVA

0.5

6.0


21:08

0

0.0

4.5

P [ pu] LOAD FLOW CONTROLLER (LFC) GT5MVA SVC ON NODE AE WITH RANGE +/- 400.000, FREQUENCY CONTROOLED 0 0 PAGE . -1

SIEMENS AG, EV NP

3.0

-50.0

SIEMENS AG, EV NP DOKUNEU 15.9.1999

21:01

0.4 0.8 TESTRECHNUNG (DOKU) Übergang Momentanwertteil - Stabilitätsteil Erstellt mit NETOMAC für Windows SIEMENS AG EV_NP2-dn0040/Ru

1.2

1.6

1

Transient ↔ Stability Mode

SEC



Useful Tools for Increase of Application Efficiency

Identification / Optimization

Variant Calculations Automated processes for variant investigations

Recognition algorithms for unknown quantities

Complete System

Other Data / Formats

Importfilter Exportfilter Interactive Simulation supports Training

Relevant Network

Dynamic Netreduction

PSS/ NETOMAC E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

NEVA - Visualization of Power Systems Oscillations

 All Results Visualized in NEVAr NEVA  - Are NEVA -various variousrepresentations representationsof ofresults results Sample Results SAPP (South African Power Pool)

WSCC (Western Systems Coordinating Council)

WY

CO

MT

Chile

UT

AB ME

0.70 Hz

BC

WA

CA

AZ NV

NM

ID

OR

-0.03

j4.06 rad/sec

f = 0.65 Hz

0.65 Hz 0.60 Hz

0.30 Hz

Geographical GeographicalMode ModeShape Shape SECP (Southeast China Power)

NETS (New England Test System)


NEVA - Controller Siting

Power System Stabilizer (PSS) G( s) =

PL (MW)

∆ω rotor _ speed = ∆VPSS excitation_ voltage

Residues Residue (incl. O. and C.)

Static Var Compensator (SVC) G( s ) =

∆VBus bus _ voltage, line _ power = ∆QSVC reactive_ power _ SVC

without TCSC

with fixed series compensation with TCSC

0.3 Hz 0.3 Hz interarea interarea mode mode

Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) G( s ) =

∆PL line _ power = ∆BL suspectan ce _ TCSC

Superconductive Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) G( s ) =

∆ω bus _ frequency = ∆PSMES active_ power _ SMES


Automatic Test and Optimization of Protection Equipment

PC Interface

Hardware Interface

Systemresponse Amplifiers

NETOMAC Digital Real-TimeSimulator

A D

Relay

D/A - Converter

Digital Network Model

PC

Simulation of your real network conditions for the protection and

controller tests Test continuation also after the first system response (e.g. Autoreclosure) Realtime simulation of processes with complex fault conditions (e.g.

Double-earth fault)


PSS®NETOMAC Light Testing of an Exciter Controller


PSS®SINCAL optimal Branching S335

V395

S440

7 S43

3 V39

V40 0

S340

0 V39


PSS®SINCAL optimal Branching


PSS®SINCAL Harmonics Frequency Dependency of the Elements

3. Usual approximations Im { Z }

1. Lv = Lo and Rv = Ro ⇒ regardless of the frquency dependency of the ohmic part

f f

0.9

2. Lv = Lo v k and Rv = Ro • v k ⇒ nearly constant quality factor

3. Considering the Skin and Proximity Effects

f

Re { Z }


PSS®SINCAL Harmonics Harmonic Response and Polar Plot of a Network Point


PSS®SINCAL Harmonics Voltage Disturbance at Node and Network Level


Contingency Analysis


Reactive Power Optimization: Capacitor Placement

– Optimum capacitor locations – Capacitor rating – Reduction in network losses – Annual savings from reduced losses – Return on investment period – Result documentation in report – Optional automatic creation of proposed capacitors in the network.


Capacitor Placement

The aim of this optimization procedure is to reduce transmission losses by adding capacitors. PSS SINCAL estimates the costs for the capacitors and the expected savings from reducing transmission losses. Based on costs and savings the "Return on Investment" can be determined. The available capacitors as well as the nodes where these can be placed need to be defined. The capacitor placement optimization procedure then attempts to place available capacitors at those nodes where they will produce the least possible network losses.

1

Available capacitors: 10 * kV

1

2*

0,1 MVA, 0,7

2

2 5* kV

The following have been installed at Node 1: 0,1 MVA and 1 *

0,5 MVA

The following have been installed at Node 2:

0,5 MVA, 0,7 2*

0,1 MVA and 1 *

0,5 MVA

Available insert nodes: 1 and 2


Compensation Optimization


Transfomer Tap Calculation Tap Zone Detection Tap Zone Detection is a special load flow procedure for determining transformer tap positions in feeders. PSS SINCAL attempts to set transformer tap positions at the feeders so that the voltage for supplied consumers stays within the permitted voltage range for both minimum and maximum load. Basically, tap zone calculations combine a simple optimization with load trimming for minimum and maximum operating states. The results of tap zone calculations provide the optimal transformer tap positions as well as the load flow results for minimum and maximum load.

Enhanced loads with transformer and measurements …Measuring devices


Transfomer Tap Calculation -In the first step, the load is trimmed for both the minimum and maximum values in the network. The network needs to be analyzed topologically to determine how measuring devices and loads are interconnected. -With the help of the network topology, PSS SINCAL assigns all loads "behind" a measuring device to it. Any number of loads can be assigned to a measuring device. -Loads with measurements are included in the tap zone detection. Loads without measurements remain with their prescribed power as constant load in the network. - After load trimming, two load flow calculations are performed for both minimum and maximum loads. - The load flow results are stored at the enhanced loads. - PSS SINCAL uses this data to determine the tap position so that the transformer low-voltage side at the enhanced load stays within the permitted voltage range for both minimum and maximum load. - The optimal transformer tap positions calculated are prepared for all the nodes with attached enhanced loads E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

Transformer Tap Calculation To visualize the results in a simple and clearly arranged manner, the evaluation type tap zone positions can be used to color the network diagram. Network areas with the same transformer tap positions are colored in identical colors. The load flow results are prepared for both minimum and maximum load. To precisely evaluate transformer tap positions, PSS SINCAL has special voltage curve diagrams to show voltage curves at feeders


PSS®SINCAL Ripple Control Modells of Transmitter

Parallel Injection

Series Injection


Reliability Analysis as Planning Tool

Additional Additionalplanning planningtool tool Quality Qualitystatement statementfor forcustomers customers Basis Basisfor forrisk riskassessment assessment Support Supportfor formaintenance maintenancemanagement management Identification Identificationofofweak weakpoints points

Non availability Non availability 10 8 6

m in /a m in /a

–– –– –– –– ––

4 2 0

Significance of reliability analysis

10 8 6 4 2 0

Exist Exist

V1 V1

V2 V2

V3 V3

Variant Variant

Reliability indices Interruption Interruptionfrequency frequency Mean Meaninterruption interruptionduration duration Unavailability Unavailability Performance Performanceinterruption interruption Energy Energynot notsupplied suppliedinintime time Interruption Interruptioncosts costs

HHu u hh

TTu u QQu

u

LLu u W Wu

u

KKu u

1/a 1/a

min/a min/a MVA/a MVA/a MVAh/a MVAh/a EUR/a EUR/a E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

Example: Day ahead reliability assessment without and with line shutdown for maintenance

Reference Case – Normal Operation Absolute NonNon-Availability in min/a

Scenario – Line Shutdown for Maintenance Absolute NonNon-Availability in min/a

0 min/a

25 min/a

0 min/a

25 min/a E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

Influence of components to energy not delivered in time

100 f (E) F (E) 80

60

Kabel

Transformatoren

Schaltanlagen

40

20

0

Extension: Variant A E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

PSS®SINCAL Reliability Input and output data in network diagram


PSS®SINCAL Motor Starting Input Data - several motors running up at different time - Spezification of load torque motor torque starting current - variable-speed drive possible


PSS®SINCAL Motorstart (MA)


Overcurrent time protection • Coordination of overcurrent time protection devices – Extensive overcurrent protection device library: » Overcurrent time relays » Fuses and bimetal switches » MCBs and circuit breakers • Definition of user-defined overcurrent time protection characteristics and devices • Stepped-event simulation of relay starting and operation (including back-up protection) E D SE PTI SW / Sachs

Distance protection – Calculation of distance protection relay settings based on different grading strategies


Depiction of protection simulation results – Stepped-event simulation automatically determines the protection device states if the network configuration changes, e.g. change of short circuit current/impedance after disconnection of one end of a parallel circuit

green: started

Teleprotection

red: tripped


Stepped-Event Fault Simulation in PSS®SINCAL •

Simulation determines automatically the state of operation of overcurrent time and distance protection devices

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Changes in the network due to protection devise operation are considered, i.e. each state of fault clearance sequence is simulated

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Unwanted overload tripping conditions are checked

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Different fault locations are simulated

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Results are summarized in reports and visualized graphically

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Warning messages indicate unsuccessful fault clearance

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Detailed step-wise analysis of fault events (e.g. back-up protection)


Results of stepped-event protection system analysis


Protection Devices Management System PSS®PDMS PSS PDMS (Protection Device Management System) is a program for the central management of protection devices and their settings. All the data are stored in a central relational database for protection devices.


PSS®SINCAL and PSS®E Graphic Model Builder (GMB) • • •

GMB supports modeling of AVRs, Exciters, and other models GMB created models are easily included in PSS®SINCAL and PSS®E files Now model any vendor-supplied model


PSS®SINCAL and PSS®E GMB “Wires Together” Control Blocks


PSS® SINCAL – Cost Calculation

• The objective of the Cost Calculation is to determine the most economic technical solution • Investment, annual maintenance, decommissioning, energy costs; interest rate, planning horizon, depreciation, etc. are taken into account • Costs can be assigned to network elements or to station, feeder, equipment and route model • User-defined cost libraries are supported • Costs comparison of planning horizon based on net present value method


Cost calculation

Alternative A: 161 kV power station

substation

161 kV

161 kV

2 x 500 MW

345 kV

2 x 500 MVA 30 km

G

G

load

Proposed solution

Alternative B: 345 kV power station

substation 345 kV

345 kV

MDM 10 9

2 x 500 MW

8

30 km

7

G

6 G

5 2 x 500 MVA

4 3 2 1

161 kV

load

0 171

282

403

604

B1

B1

B3

B4

Conductor Cross Section in mm2


Optimal Network Structures •

The objective of this method is the determination of optimal structures for medium-voltage networks.

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The optimization considers minimum losses and complies with technical limits (max. feeder load, max. voltage drop, etc.), and determines the costs of proposed Greenfield network structure.

• •

• •

•

Picture 1

•

Picture 2

Picture 1 shows an underlying route and station model. Picture 2 shows the resulting identified optimal routes from network stations (representing loads and downstream networks) to the primary substations. Various optimization strategies are available and resulting alternatives can provide a benchmark for the existing network.


Pss Sincal Slides

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