Prospek Industri Game Lokal Sebagai Industri Kreatif Dalam Membantu Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia

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QNBQFBI OBA^SQUO HUNFQO@ F" [NBINUQOFB [NBINUQO FB OBA^SQUO HUNFQO@ HUNFQO@

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Sngobiif oba~squ y hunfqo`  af{fq aofu qohfb snefifo {umsns {nbco{qffb efufbi afb lfsf anbifb jnjenuohfb bodfo qfjefg afuo {umsns hunfqo`  yfbi jnbifbafdhfb hnfgdofb afb efhfq" Oba~squo hunfqo`  fafdfg efiofb afuo nhmbmjo hunfqo`"

An`oboso oba~squo hunfqo`  jnb~u~q An{fu qnjnb [nu afifbifb Un{~edoh Obambnsof {faf e~h~ Unbcfbfb [nbinjefbifb Nhmbmjo Hunfqo`  Obambnsof 5;;? efgyf ³Oba~squo yfbi enufsfd afuo {njfb`ffqfb hunfqopoqfs$ hnqufj{odfb snuqf efhfq

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Oba~squo hunfqo`  yfbi jnu~{fhfb efiofb afuo nhmbmjo hunfqo`  fafdfg y~ l~a a fuo {nuinsnufb muonbqfso nhmbmjo yfbi enufyfd afuo nhmbmjo {nu qfbofb$ nhmbmjo oba~squ y afb nhmbmjo ob`mujfso"

Ifjefu  6" Hmbaoso Oba~squo Hunfqo`  ao Obambnsof

5

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S^ESNHQMU OBA^SQUO HUNFQO@

Enu afsfuhfb Sq~ao [njn qffb Oba~squo Hunfqo`  An{fu qnjnb [nu afifbifb Un{~edoh Obambnsof 5;;9$ qnu af{fq 61 s~esnhqmu  yfbi jnu~{fhfb oba~squ y hunfqo`  yfoq~ <

6" [nuohdfbfb Hniofqfb hunfqo`  yfbi enuhfoqfb lfsf {nuohdfbfb 'hmj~bohfso sfq~ fufg anbifb jnbii~bfhfb jnao~j qnu qnbq~/$ yfbi jndo{~qo {umsns hunfso$ {uma~hso afb aosquoe~so afuo ohdfb yfbi aogfsodhfb $ josfdb yf< uosnq {fsfu $ {nunbcfbffb hmj~bohfso ohdfb$ ohdfb d~fu  u~fbi$ {uma~hso jfqnuofd ohdfb$ {umjmso$ hfj{fbyn undfso {~edoh$ qfj{odfb ohdfb ao jnaof cnqfh 's~ufq hfefu $ jf lfdfg/ afb ndnhqumboh 'Qndnposo afb ufaom/$ {njfsfbifb enuefifo

{msqnu  afb ifjefu $ {nbynefufb sndnefufb $ {fj`dnq$ nafufb$ eums~u  afb unhdfjn sn lnbos$ a osquoe~so afb andopnu y fapnu qosobi jfqnuofds fqf~ sfj{dns$ snu qf {nbynyffb hmdmj ~bq~h ohdfb"

5" Fusoqnhq~u  Hniofqfb

hunf qo`  yfbi

{nunbcfbffb

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efbi~bfb $ yfuosfb $

{nbifyfsfb hmbsqu~hso efoh sncfuf jnbynd~u~g afuo dnpnd jfhum 'Qmyb  {dfbbobi$ ~uefb ansoib$ dfbascf{n fucgoqncq~un/ fucgoqncq~un/ sfj{fo anbifb dnpnd johum

'anqfod hmbsqu~hso$ josfdbyf< fusoqnhq~u  qfjfb$ ansfob obqnuomu/" 3"

[fsfu Efufbi Snbo

Hniofqfb hunfqo`  yfbi enuhfoqfb anbifb {nu afifbifb efufbi*efufbi fsdo$ ~boh afb dfbihf snu qf jnjodoho bodfo nsqnqohf snbo yfbi qobiio jndfd~o dndfbi$ ifdnuo $ qmhm$

{fsfu  syfdfyfb$ afb obqnubn q$ josfdbyf< fdfq j~soh$

{nucnqfhfb$ hnuf lobfb$ f~qmjmeodn$ `odj$ snbo u~{f afb d~hosfb" 1" Hnuflobfb Hniofqfb hunfqo`  yfbi enuhfoqfb anbifb hunfso$ {uma~hso afb aosquoe~so {uma~h yfbi aoe~fq aogfsodhfb mdng qnbfif {nbiuf lob yfbi enufyfd afuo ansfob fyfd sfj{fo anbifb {umsns {nbyndnsfofb {uma~hbyf$ fbqfuf dfob jndo{~qo efufbi hnuf lobfb yfbi qnue~f q afuo< efq~ enugfuif$ snufq fdfj jf~{~b e~fqfb$ h~doq$ umqfb$ efje~$ hfy~$ dmifj 'njfs$ {nufh$ qnjefif$

{nu~bii~$ enso/ hfy~$ hfcf$ {musndob $ hfob$ jfujnu $ qfbfg dofq$ afb hf{~u" 3

[uma~h hnuf lobfb {faf ~j~jbyf gfbyf ao{uma~hso afdfj l~jdfg yfbi undfqo`  hncod 'e~hfb {uma~hso jfssfd/"

>" Ansfob Hniofqfb hunfqo`  yfbi qnuhfoq anbifb hunfso ansfob iuf`os$ ansfob obqnuomu $ ansfob {uma~h$ ansfob oba~squo$ hmbs~dqfso oanbqoqfs {nu~sfgffb afb lfsf uosnq {njfsfufb snu qf {uma~hso hnjfsfb afb lfsf {nbin{fhfb"

0" @fsgomb Hniofqfb hunfqo`  yfbi qnuhfoq anbifb hunfso ansfob {fhfofb$ ansfob fdfs hfho$ afb ansfob fhsnsmuos jman dfobbyf$ {uma~hso {fhfofb jman afb fhsnsmuosb yf$ hmbs~dqfbso dobo {uma~h `fsgomb$ snu qf aosquoe~so {uma~h `fsgomb"

9" Poanm$ @odj & @mqmiuf`o Hniofqfb hunfqo`  yfbi qnuhfoq anbifb hunfso {uma~hso poanm$ `odj$ afb lfsf `mqmiuf`o$ snu qf aosquoe~so unhfjfb poanm afb `odj" Qnujfs~h ao afdfjbyf

{nb~dosfb shuo{$ a~eeobi `odj$ sobnjfqmiuf`o$ sobnqumb$ afb nhsoeoso `odj" 7" [nujfobfb [nujfobfb Obqnufhqo`  Hniofqfb hunfqo`  yfbi enuhfoqfb anbifb hunfso$ { uma~hso$ afb aosquoe~so {nujfobfb hmj{~qnu  afb poanm yfbi enuso`fq goe~ufb $ hnqfbihfsfb$ afb na~hfso" S~esnhqmu  {nujfobfb obqnufhqo`  e~hfb aoamjobfso snefifo goe~ufb snjf qf*jfqf qnqf{o l~if snefifo fdfq efbq~ {njendf lfufb fqf~ na~hfso"

?" J~soh Hniofqfb hunfqo`  yfbi enuhfoqfb anbifb hunfso-hmj{msoso$ {nu q~b l~hfb$ un{uma~hso$ afb aosquoe~so afuo unhfjfb s~fuf"

6;" Snbo [nuq~bl~hfb Hniofqfb hunfqo`  yfbi enuhfoqfb anbifb ~sfgf {nbinjefbifb hmbqnb$ {uma~hso {nu q~b l~hfb 'josfd< {nu q~b l~hfb efdnq$ qfuofb qufaosombfd $ qfuofb hmbqnj{munu $ aufjf $ j~soh qufaosombfd $ j~soh qnfqnu $ m{nuf$ qnujfs~h q~u  j~soh nqboh/$ ansfob afb {nje~fqfb e~sfbf {nu q~b l~hfb$ qfqf {fbii~bi $

afb qfqf {nbcfgfyffb" 1

66" [nbnueoqfb & [nucnqfhfb Hniofqfb hunfqo`  yfbi qnuhfoq anbifb anbifb {nb~dosfb hmbqnb afb {nbnueoqfb e~h~$ l~ubfd$ hmufb$ jf lfdfg$ qfedmoa$ afb hmbqnb aoioqfd snu qf hniofqfb hfbqmu  enuoqf afb {nbcfuo enuoqf" S~esnhqmu  obo l~if jnbcfh~{

{nbnueoqfb {nufbihm$ jfqnufo$ ~fbi hnu qfs$ edfbhm cnh$ ioum$ s~ufq fbaod$ medoifso s~ufq sfgfj$ s~ufq enugfuif dfobbyf$  {fss{muq $ qohnq {nsfyfq

qnuefbi $ afb qnueoqfb hg~s~s dfobb yf" L~if jnbcfh~{ {nbnueoqfb `mqm*`mqm$ iuf`ou  'nbiufpobi / afb hfu q~ {ms$ `muj~dou $ {msqnu $ un{uma~hso$ {nucnqfhfb d~hosfb $ afb efufbi cnqfhfb dfobbyf$ qnujfs~h unhfjfb johum `odj"

65" Dfyfbfb Hmj{~qnu & [oufbqo D~bfh Hniofqfb hunfqo`  yfbi qnuhfoq anbifb {nbinjefbifb qnhbmdmio ob`mujfso qnujfs~h lfsf dfyfbfb hmj{~qnu $ {nbimdfgfb afqf$ {nbinjefbifb afqfefsn$ {nbinjefbifb {oufbqo d~bfh$ obqniufso sosqnj$ ansfob afb fbfdosos sosqnj$ ansfob fusoqnhq~u  {oufbqo d~bfh$ ansfob {ufsfufbf {oufbqo d~bfh afb {oufbqo hnufs$ snu qf ansfob {mu qfd qnujfs~h {nufyfqfbbyf"

63" Qndnposo & Ufaom Hniofqfb hunfqo`  yfbi enuhfoqfb anbifb ~sfgf hunfso$ {uma~hso afb {nbinjfsfb fcfuf qndnposo 'sn{nu qo ifjns$ h~os$ u nfdoq nfdoq sgmy$ ob`mqfobj o b`mqfobjnbq$ nbq$ afb dfobbyf/$ {nbyofufb$ afb qufbsjoso hmbqnb fcfuf qndnposo afb ufaom$ qnujfs~h hniofqfb sqfqomb undf  '{njfbcfu  hnjefdo/ sofufb ufaom afb qndnposo" 61" Uosnq & [nbinjefbifb Hniofqfb hunfqo`  yfbi qnuhfoq anbifb ~sfgf obmpfqo`  yfbi jnbfyfuhfb {nbnj~fb odj~ afb qnhbmdmio afb {nbnuf{fb odj~ afb {nbinqfg~fb qnusne~q ~bq~h {nuefohfb {uma~h afb hunfso {uma~h efu~$ {umsns efu~ $ jfqnuofd efu~$ fdfq efu~$ jnqman efu~$ afb qnhbmdmio efu~ yfbi af{fq jnjnb~go hne~q~gfb {fsfu8 qnujfs~h yfbi enuhfoqfb anbifb g~jfbomuf sn{nu qo {nbndo qofb afb {nbinjefbifb efgfsf$ sfsquf$ a fb snbo8 snu qf lfsf hmbs~dqfbso eosbos afb jfbf lnjnb"

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C"

[NUFBFB AFB [UNSQFSO [UNSQ FSO OBA^SQUO HUNFQO@

Oba~squo hunfqo`  jnjenuo hmbquoe~so nhmbmjo yfbi {msoqo`  afb soibo`ohfb afdfj jnbco{qfhfb ohdoj eosbos sncfuf af{fq jnjefbi~b coquf snu qf oanbqoqfs efbisf" Cmbqmg byfqf afuo oba~squ y hunfqo`  ~bq~h jnjefbi~b coquf efbisf fafdfg efqoh" Aodogfq afuo {njfb`ffqfb s~jenu  afyfbyf$ oba~squ y hunfqo`  jnbii~bfhfb s~jenu  afyf yfbi af{fq ao{nuefu~o hfunbf yfbi aoe~q~ghfb fafdfg obmpfso afb hunfqopoqfs" Mdng hfunbf oq~$ oba~squ y hunfqo`  af{fq jnbi~ufbio {nbii~bffb s~jenu  afyf fdfj yfbi qoafh af{fq ao{nuefu~o"

 F{feodf aoefbaobihfb anbifb lnbos oba~squ y dfob yfbi jnbi~qfjfhfb {nbii~bffb s~jenu  afyf fdfj$ bodfo qfjefg yfbi aogfsodhfb qoafh snefbyfh {faf oba~squ y hunfqo`" Snefe bodfo qfjefg oba~squ y hunfqo`  qnudnqfh {faf oan*oan efu~ afb obmpfso yfbi jnje~fq

sne~fg {uma~h jnb lfao dneog enugfuif"

S~jenu  afyf jfb~sof 'SAJ/ jnb lfao jmafd ~qfjf afdfj jnb lfdfbhfb oba~squ y hunfqo`  qnusne~q"

E~hqo hnenugfsodfb oba~squ y hunfqo`  afdfj jnb~je~ghfb {nunhmbmjofb af{fq aodogfq afuo enenuf{f {unsqfso jnjefbiifhfb ao qfuf`  obqnubfsombfd " Enuoh~q fafdfg enenuf{f {unsqfso afuo oba~squ y hunfqo`  Obambnsof < 6" Oba~squo hnuflobfb ¶ JFCN@

JFCN@ jnu~{fhfb {fjnufb {nu afifbifb obqnubfsombfd {uma~h qnhsqod$ hnuf lobfb qfbifb $ {nugofsfb afb fhsnsmuos ~bq~h gmjnyfun$ io`q afb gmjn ancmufqomb fba ansoib" ansoib " Anyfb Hnuf lobfb Bfsombfd 'Anhufbfs/ q~u~q snu qf

{faf JFCN@ 5;66 y fbi aodfhsfbfhfb ao Jodfb" Hnsnj{fqfb njfs obo aoi~bfhfb Obambnsof ~bq~h jnj{nuhnbfdhfb oba~squ y hunfqo`  enu~{f hnuf lobfb"

0

Ifjefu  5" JFCN@ Jodfbm 5;66 [faf npnbq obo$ O bambnsof jnbaf{fqhfb efbyfh hmbqfh*hmbqfh eosbos yfbi jnjefbq~ afdfj jnje~hf lfd~u  aosquoe~so {uma~h*{uma~h oba~sq u y hunfqo` 

Obambnsof" Enenuf{f {uma~h yfbi qnuhnbfd fafdfg anhmufso efqoh Lfyf yfbi enub~fbsf jnufg {~qog$ jfhfbfb uobifb afb hm{o d~yfh Obambnsof snu qf fbyfjfb Efdo" [fuf {nbi~b l~bi sfbifq qnu qfuoh anbifb {uma~h oba~squ y hunfqo`  Obambnsof hfunbf jnjodoho couo hgfs qnusnbaouo"

5"

Oba~squo @odj ¶ Dfshfu [ndfbio afb Qgn Ufoa

@odj {uma~hso afdfj bninuo Obambnsof c~h~{ efbyfh yfbi jnj{numdng {nbigfuiffb ao f lfbi `nsqopfd `odj obqnubfsombfd" Gobiif `odj Dfshfu  [ndfbio {~b {nubfg ao{~qfu  ao Bfqombfd Inmiuf{goc @mu~j F~aoqmuo~j$ ao

Yfsgobiqmb AC$ afdfj ufbihf fcfuf {umjmso oba~squo hunfqo`  Obambnsof ao  Fjnuohf Snuohf q 'FS/" Q~ l~fb {umjmso qnusne~q q oafh gfbyf jnbigfuf {hfb fifu  Obambnsof jnb lfao dmhfso {nbifjeodfb ifjefu  ~bq~h `odj yfbi

ao{uma~hso mdng sne~fg {uma~snu  ~qfjf `odj FS 'cmbqmgbyf afdfj `odj Nfq$ [ufy Fba Dmpn ao Efdo/$ qf{o l~if qnu   lfao {uma~hso enusfjf afdfj

{nbinjefbifb {uma~hso `odj Obambnsof" @odj qnuefu~ yfbi qndfg ao{uma~hso ao Obambnsof afb enugfsod jnufog {nbigfuiffb afdfj Qmumbqm Obqnubfqombfd @odj @nsqopfd fafdfg Qgn Ufoa" @odj obo enugfsod jnune~q gfqo {nbmbqmb obqnubfsombfd afb jnbaf{fqhfb efbyfh {~ lofb afuo huoqoh~s `odj"

9

A" OBA^SQUO IFJN

Oba~squo ifjn fqf~ oba~squo {nujfobfb obqnufhqo`  jnu~{fhfb oba~squ y yfbi enuhfoqfb anbifb hunfso$ {uma~hso$ afb aosquoe~so {nujfobfb hmj{~qnu  afb poanm yfbi enuso`fq goe~ufb$ hnqfbihfsfb$ afb na~hfso" Lnbos ifjn yfbi

aohnjefbihfb enujfcfj*jfcfj qnuifbq~bi jnaof yfbi aoi~bfhfb" Lnbos ifjn enu afsfuhfb jnaof yfbi aoi~bfhfb fbqfuf dfob snefifo enuoh~q < 6" Fucfan Ifjn yfbi enu  lnbos fucfan obo eofsf aojfobhfb ao ifjn cnbqnu" ^bq~h jnjfobhfbb yf aoe~q~ghfb qnj{fq qnusnbaouo yfbi qnu aouo afuo jmbo qmu $

qmjemd afb sqoch yfbi aos~s~b afdfj sfq~ qnj{fq" 5" Cmbsmdn ^bq~h jnjfobhfb ifjn lnbos cmbsmdn aoe~q~ghfb jnsob hg~s~s sn{nu qo [dfySqfqomb$ Bobqnbam afb Wemw" 3"

[C & Cfs~fd

Sn{nu qo bfjf lnbosb yf$ ifjn obo af{fq aojfobhfb ao cmj{~qnu" [njfob gfu~s

jndfh~hfb

obsqfdfso

ifjn

qnudneog

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snend~j

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jnjfobhfb ifjn qnusne~q"

1" Gfbagnda Ifjn Gfbagnda aojfobhfb ~bq~h jnsob {mu qfedn sngobiif jnj~afghfb {njfob enujfob ifjn aojfbf sf lf afb enefs enuinufh" >" Jmeodn Ifjn Jmeodn fafdfg lnbos ifjn yfbi aojfobhfb jndfd~o gfba{gmbn fqf~ sjfu q{ q{gmbn" ^h~ufb ifjn dneog hncod aoefbaobihfb ~h~ufb fsdobyf"

0" Mbdobn Afb ifjn mbdobn jnje~q~ghfb hmbnhso obqnubnq yfbi sndfd~ qnusfje~bi" [fuf {njfob af{fq sfdobi enuobqnufhso anbifb {njfob dfobbyf anbifb

 l~jdfg yfbi efbyfh"

7

Ifjefu  3" Lnbos Ifjn S~jenu  < Fifqn

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[NUHNJEFBIFB OBA^SQUO IFJN DMHFD F" HMBAOSO OBA^SQUO IFJN 6" [fsfu Ifjn Sncfuf Idmefd

L~jdfg {nb l~fdfb ifjn sncfuf ~j~j qnu~s jnbifdfjo hnbfohfb yfbi c~h~{ soibo`ohfb" Ao Fjnuohf$ l~jdfg {nb l~fdfb afuo qfg~b 5;;> gobiif

qfg~b 5;;7 qnu~s jnbobihfq ufqf*ufqf 6>. {nu  qfg~b" Qoafh lf~g enuenaf anbifb {nb l~fdfb ifjn Fjnuohf yfbi jnbifdfjo {nbobihf qfb$ ao afdfj {fsfu  idmefd {~b l~if jnbobihfq" Qnucfqfq afuo qfg~b 5;;> gobiif qfg~b 5;6; { nu q~je~gfb {fsfu  ifjn idmefd jndneogo 5;. {nu  qfg~b"

Ifjefu  1" Iuf`oh [nb l~fdfb ifjn Idmefd S~jenu  < B[A Ium~{$ NSF$ J[ FF$ OIAF$ UOFF afb O@[O

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Enu afsfuhfb ifu`oh {nb l~fdfb ifjn ao {fsfu  idmefd$ af{fq aosoj{~dhfb efgyf

oba~squ y ifjn

jnjodoho

{nu q~je~gfb yfbi sfbifq cn{fq"

[nbaf{fqfb ufqf*ufqf afuo {nbinjefbi ifjn fafdfg !9;";;; {nu  qfg~b"

Anbifb anjohofb$ ifjn jnu~{fhfb oba~squ y yfbi sfbifq jnb lfb lohfb afb jnjodoho {ums{nh qobiio" [nuhnjefbib oba~squ y ifjn l~if qoafh dn{fs afuo {nbii~bffb obqnubnq mdng jfsyfufhfq efoh ao Obambnsof jf~{~b ao a~bof" Enu afsfuhfb Obqnubn q

Ymu a Sqfq 'OYS/ ao ynebyf 'gqq{<--obqnubnqymudasqfqs"cmj-sqfqs"gqj/$  l~jdfg {nbii~bf obqnubnq ao a~bof gobiif 36 jfunq 5;66 qndfg jnbcf{fo 5";?>";;0";;> mufbi" Afb ao Obambnsof$ {nbii~bf obqnubnq gobiif Ansnjenu  5;6; jnbcf{fo 3?"0;;";;; mufbi" Afuo snhofb efbyfh {nbii~bf obqnubnq qnu af{fq snefiofb yfbi jnb lfao {nbii~bf fqf~ {njfob ifjn mbdobn 'mbdobn ifjnu/ anbifb {nuobcofb snefifo enuoh~q <

Qfend 6 Sqfqosqohf qnbqfbi mbdobn ifjnu  Bm"

6"

Lnbos Sqfqosqohf

Afqf

L~jdfg mbdobn ifjnu  ao a~bof 569 l~qf mufbi gobiif 5;;9

5"

Anjmiuf`o

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ufqf*ufqf Enu~j~u  5> ¶ 11 qfg~b afb

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[umsnbqfsn mbdobn ifjnu  yfboqf

15.

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Enu afsfuhfb s~upny qnbqfbi {fuf {njfob ifjn aoaf{fqhfb gfsod yfbi c~h~{ jnbin l~qhfb" Aodogfq afuo lnbos hndfjob $ jfhf {muso qnuensfu  fqf~

{njfob ifjn qnuensfu  fafdfg enu  lnbos hndfjob yfboqf yfoq~ 0;. afb ~bq~h {uof 1;." Snafbihfb aodogfq afuo snio ~j~u  aohnqfg~ efgyf mufbi

anbifb ~j~u  fbqfuf 67*1? qfg~b jnjodoho {umso qnuensfu  afdfj {nujfobfb ifjn yfoq~ 1?.$ aooh~qo anbifb mufbi enu~j~u  ao fqfs >; qfg~b anbifb

50. afb mufbi anbifb ~j~u  ao efyfg 67 qfg~b anbifb 5>." Anbifb anjohofb af{fq aosoj{~dhfb efgyf gfj{ou  snqof{ mufbi jnu~{fhfb {fsfu  efio oba~squ y ifjn"

3" [fsfu Ifjn Dmhfd Ao Obambnsof Obambns of

Jndogfq yfhq~ 6; qfg~b hn endfhfbi $ goe~ufb yfbi enu~{f ifjn h~ufbi jnbiifoufghfb afb {nbohjfq ifjn qnusne~q hnefbyfhfb gfbyfdfg ~bq~h hfdfbifb fbfh*fbfh" [fuf {nbinjefbi ifjn {~b qoafh efbyfh$ gfbyf

{nu~sfgffb ensfu  sf lf yfbi jfj{~ jnb lfdfbhfb eosbos obo sn{nu q o hmbfjo$ Cf{cmj$ Bnm Inm$ Bobqnbam$ afb dfob snefifob yf" Efghfb

{nu~sfgffb {nbinjefbi ifjn dmcfd lfufbi aoqnj~o" Bfj~b hmbaoso sffq obo jnj{nudogfqhfb hmbaoso snefdohb yf" [nu~sfgffb {nbinjefbi ifjn snjfhob efbyfh afb {fuf {njfob {~b enufsfd afuo enuefifo imdmbifb ~sof" Qoafh hnqobiifdfb {~df$ {nbinjefbi ifjn dmcfd

ao Obambnsof j~dfo jnbiindofq ~bq~h jnbcfuo {fbisf {fsfu  ao Obambnsof" Efbyfh hniofqfb yfbi aodfh~hfb ~bq~h jnj{umjmsohfb ifjn afdfj ufbihf jnb lfuobi hnu   lf sfjf {nbinjefbi $ {~edosgnu $ {nb l~fd afb hmbs~jnb" Qnu af{fq enenuf{f hniofqfb yfbi {nubfg aodfhsfbfhfb a o

Obambnsof sn{nu qo Lmi lf Ifjn Nw{m$ Ifjn Anpndm{nu  Ifqgnuobi$ OJ[ FCQ afb Obambnsof Ifjn Sgmy yfbi s~hsns {ndfhsfbffb yf" Anbifb fafbyf hniofqfb snjfcfj oq~$ jfhf jnb lfao obaocfqmu  {nuhnjefbifb oba~squ y ifjn ao Obambnsof" [nuhnjefbifb ifjn qoafh gfbyf snefqfs ifjn cmbsmdn '[S$ WEMw/ bfj~b lnbos dfobb yf sn{nu qo enu  lfdfb ao [C afb jmeodn"

Ao Obambnsof$ l~jdfg ~snu  snefifo {njfob qndfg jnbcfh~{ 5; l~qf ~snu" 's~jenu 

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gqq{<--yyy"edfgedmgbumdd"cmj- Ifjn* Bnys-do{~qfb*

{nbfbafqfbifbfb*hnu  lfsfjf*fb qfuf*~bo{ob*f*dyqmm-/" /" Enu afsfuhfb afqf obo$ sfbifq lndfs efgyf oba~squ y ifjn sfbifq enuhnjefbi {nsfq" Gfd obo

66

aoobaohfsohfb anbifb snjfhob efbyfhbyf {nbii~bf fqf~ {njfob yfbi jnjfobhfb ifjn*ifjn yfbi aogfsohfb afuo oba~squ y ifjn"

E"

[ND^FBI ^SFGF OBA^SQUO IFJN DMHFD

Hunfqopoqfs {nbinjefbi ifjn dmhfd jnj{nuensfu  { ums{nh ~sfgf {nje~fqfb ifjn ao Obambnsof" Jnsho e~q~g jmafd ensfu $ {nbinjefbi ifjn enugfsod jnje~fq ifjn yfbi jnbfuoh" ^sfgf oq~ {~b enugfsod jnbifdoghfb ifjnu  dmhfd afuo ifjn* ifjn*ifjn e~fqfb {nu~sfgffb fsobi" Afb ifjn dmcfd {~b af{fq enusfobi anbifb ifjn e~fqfb d~fu  bninuo qnusne~q" [nuhnjefbifb oba~squ y ifjn qoafh gfbyf qnu   lfao ao bnifuf*bnifuf jf l~

qnqf{o l~if ao Obambnsof" Lnbos ifjn yfbi efbyfh aoinjfuo yfoq~ ifjn mbdobn afb ifjn jmeodn yfbi af{fq a l  olfdfbhfb ao gfba{gmbn" Anbifb a~h~bifb  l~jdfg {nba~a~h Obambnsof yfbi ensfu  snu qf aoouobio {nb l~fdfb gfba{gmbn hg~s~sb yf sjfu q{ q{gmbn sn{nu qo Edfchenuu y$ y$ O{gmbn afb Fbaumoa yfbi qnu~s jnbobihfq snjfhob jnbamumbi df l~ oba~squo ifjn obo jfhob cn{fq" [fbisf {fsfu  ifjn yfbi qoafh gfbyf hfdfbifb fbfh*fbfh efghfb hfdfbifb mufbi anyfsf sfbifq jnb jnba~h~bi {nuhnjefbifb ifjn dmcfd ao Obambnsof" [nuhnjefbifb qnhbmdmio yfbi {nsfq l~if jnbco{qfhfb hnsnj{fqfb efio snj~f {nbinjefbi ifjn dmcfd ~bq~h enuhfu yf ao a~bof jfyf" Hnenugfsodfb ifjn dmcfd afdfj oba~squ y hunfqo`  obo fhfb jnbfuoh jobfq {nu~sfgffb efoh ao

afdfj jf~{~b d~fu  bninuo ~bq~h jnjfb`ff qhfb sfufbf ifjn snefifo efiofb afuo {umjmso {uma~h" 6" [nu~sfgffb Ifjn Dmhfd Obambnsof AOPOBN HOAS

Sfdfg sfq~ cmbqmg {nbinjefbi ifjn dmcfd Obambnsof yfbi s~hsns fafdfg Aopobn Hoas" Aopobn Hoas yfbi aoaouohfb mdng Afpoa Snqofe~ao s~hsns jnb lfdfbhfb eosbos ao eoafbi oba~squ y hunfqo`  {nujfobfb obqnufhqo`" Aopobn

Hoas snuobi jnj{numdng {nsfbfb ifjn afuo enenuf{f {nu~sfgffb" [nu~sfgffb jnbii~bfhfb ifjn snefifo efiofb afuo {umjmso { uma~h jnunhf" Afdfj sne~dfb$ Aopobn Hoa s jnbaf{fqhfb {nsfbfb c~h~{ efbyfh efoh enuenbq~h snanugfbf jf~{~b enuso`fq hmj{dnhs" Mjsnq yfbi aoaf{fq mdng Aopobn Hoas enuhosfu  0; l~qf {nu  e~dfb" Sfj{fob sffq obo$ Aopobn Hoa s

qndfg jnj{uma~hso snhoqfu  1> ifjn"

65

[UOJNUF EOQ

Sndfob ao Lfhfu qf$ oba~squ y ifjn dmcfd l~if enuhnjefbi ao _miyfhfu qf" [nbinjefbi ifjn dmcfd afuo _miyfhfu qf sfdfg sfq~byf fafdfg [uojnuf

Eoq yfbi aoaouohfb mdng Fbiimum Cfgyfao" Sn lfh jnjfs~ho oba~squ y ifjn {faf qfg~b 5;;;$ eosbos ifjn yfbi a l  olfdfbhfb mdng [uojnuf Eoq snjfhob jf l~" Gfd obo aoa~h~bi mdng hnjf l~fb qnhbmdmio obqnubnq yfbi jnbamumbi hunfqopoqfs {nbinjefbi ifjn" Sfj{fo sffq obo$ [uojnuf Eoq qndfg enugfsod jnj{ uma~hso 5; ifjn jobo afb > ifjn enushfdf ensfu" Enenuf{f {uma~h ifjn yfbi enugfsod aoifuf{ fbqfuf dfob Sm` qi~b Yfqnu  Afjfin$ Boigg q fq

Qgn J~sn~j gobiif {nq~fdfbifb Au" Gfuu y" BOIGQS[FAN

Boigqs{fan sffq obo ao{oj{ob mdng Obfs D~qg`o" Enenuf{f ifjn yfbi enugfsod jnjohfq {fuf {njfob ifjn fbqfuf dfob Sqfch Qgn Sq~`` $ Jfa

Yfuuomu $ Qfey Qgn Doqqdn Jm~sn afb Fou  Gnumns" [Q D_QM AFQFUOBAM @MUQ^BF [nu~sfgffb {~edosgnu  ifjn obo hg~s~s enuinufh ao ifjn mbdobn yfbi

af{fq a l  olfdfbhfb anbifb jnbii~bfhfb lfuobifb obqnubnq" [Q Dyqm Afqfuobam @mu q~bf jnu~{fhfb sfdfg sfq~ {~edosgnu  ifjn mbdobn qnuensfu  ao Obambnsof" Efbyfh ifjn mbdobn yfbi ao{fsfuhfb enugfsod jnufog l~jdfg {nbii~bf gobiif l~qffb mufbi" Enenuf{f ifjn mbdobn {m{~dfu  yfbi aod~bc~uhfb fbqfuf dfob Uifbfumh$ Cumss @oun$ Umgfb$ InqFj{na*W$ [nu`ncq Y muda$ Cuf|y Cfu q 5 afb Snfd Mbdobn"

Afuo enenuf{f ifjn mbdobn {m{~dfu  qnusne~q$ Dyqm jnjodoho hmj~boqfs ifjn mbdobn qnuensfu  ao Obambnsof anbifb qmqfd {nbii~bf sffq obo jnbcf{fo h~ufbi dneog 5; l~qf mufbi" Fbihf yfbi c~h~{ `fbqfsqos efio

{nu~sfgffb ifjn ao Obambnsof" 5"

Jmafd Oba~squo Oba~squ o Ifjn

Sndfob jnje~q~ghfb hunfqopoqfs afb hn~dnqfb$ {nbinjefbi ifjn l~if jnje~q~ghfb jmafd sm` qyfun yfbi muosobfd" Hne~q~gfb fhfb sm` qyfun

yfbi muosobfd obo qnbq~byf jnje~q~ghfb afbf yfbi c~h~{ ensfu" Snqndfg ifjn aohnjefbihfb fqf~ ao{uma~hso$ hniof qfb yfbi yf loe aodfh~hfb

63

fafdfg jnbaf` qfuhfb gfsod hfu yf jnunhf ~bq~h jnbaf{fqhfb gfh co{qf" [nbaf` qfufb gfh co{qf obo l~if jnje~q~ghfb afbf yfbi c~h~{ ensfu"

Jmafd yfbi {nud~ aosof{hfb ~bq~h eofyf {nje~fqfb ifjn enuhosfu  fbqfuf 6; l~qf gobiif 5;; l ~qf qnuifbq~bi qobihfq hnu~joqfb ifjn yfbi fhfb aoe~f q" Anbifb jmafd yfbi c~h~{ ensfu  qnusne~q$ jfhf {fuf {nbinjefbi enudmjef*dmjef ~bq~h jnje~fq ifjn yfbi jnbfuoh fifu  ifjn obo

 ol~fd hn {fuf hmbs~jnb" S~fq~ ifjn aohfqfhfb efbyfh ao~ba~g fqf~ a l enugfsod f{feodf qndfg ao~ba~g snqoafhbyf mdng >;";;; {nbii~bfb yf"

Yfdf~{~b jnje~q~ghfb

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C"

A^H^BIFB ENUEFIFO [OGFH

Oba~squo ifjn dmcfd ao Obambnsof jnjodoho a~h~bifb yfbi d~fu  eofsf afuo {fuf {ogfh yfbi qnudoef q afdfj oba~squ y hunfqo`  obo" Gfd obodfg yfbi jnb lfao s~jenu  qnuensfu  {nd~fbi ~sfgf oba~squ y ifjn ao Obambnsof" Lohf jndogfq yfhq~ 6; q fg~b hn endfhfbi $ oba~squ y ifjn qoafh jnbiifoufghfb sn{nu qo sffq obo" Sffq oq~ qnu af{fq hniofqfb {nuh~j{~dfb {nbohjfq ifjn sfdfg sfq~byf afdfj enbq~h q~ubfjnb ifjn" Bfj~b {faf hniofqfb qnusne~q$

{nu~sfgffb ifjn qoafh oh~q fbaod" Hn lfaofb obo enuenaf ~bq~h sffq obo aojfbf afdfj s~fq~ npnbq fcfuf ifjn nw{m$ snj~f {ogfh q~u~q jnufjfohfb efoh afuo {nbinjefbi $ {~edosgnu $ {nb l~fd afb hmbs~jnb fqf~ {fuf {njfob ifjn" Hniofqfb yfbi hg~s~s ao{nu~bq~hhfb {fuf {ogfh yfbi enuhncoj{~bi ao oba~squ y ifjn fbqfuf dfob Lmi lf Ifjn Nw{m$ Ifjn Anpndm {nu  Ifqgnuobi$

OJ[  FCQ fb a

Obambnsof

Ifjn

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yfbi

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afdfj

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61

Ifjn >" Dmim Obambnsof Ifjn Sgmy Sndfob hniofqfb nw{m$ {nu~sfgffb ifjn dmcfd l~if jndfh~hfb hniofqfb jnunhf

jfsobi*jfsobi

~bq~h

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ifjn

yfbi

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{njefcf snqofbyf snu qf cfdmb {njefcf efu~ afdfj sfq~ npnbq {nujfobfb poanm yfbi ensfu  enubfjf Gmqifjnpoddn $ aosfbf qoafh gfbyf {nujfobfb poanm mbdobn fqf~{~b [C$ efghfb {nbiinjfu  {nujfobfb poanm hmbsmd l~if

af{fq jnbohjfqo hniofqfb qnusne~q anbifb enuefifo dmjef yfbi aofafhfb" Anbifb jfhob efbyfhbyf hniofqfb*hniof qfb nw{m ifjn$ jnjenuohfb gfuf{fb afb s~fq~ {fbafbifb hn an{fb efgyf oba~squ y ifjn jnu~{fhfb oba~squ y hunfqo`  yfbi c~h~{ jnb lfb lohfb"

6>

A" HN^BQ^BIFB AFB HNBAFDF HNBAFDF 6" Hn~bq~bifb

Jfsyfhfufq Obambnsof jnjodoho hnqnu qfuohfb yfbi sfbifq qobiio fhfb {nujfobfb obqnufhqo`  fqf~ ifjn" Jndogfq qunba qnusne~q$ jfhf efbyfh {nu~sfgffb yfbi enuinufh ao oba~squ y ifjn enudmjef*dmjef ~bq~h jnbinjefbihfb ifjn yfbi jnbynbfbihfb efio {njfob" Ifjn yfbi snjfhob efbyfh aojobfqo mdng {njfob fhfb jnjenuohfb {nbigfsodfb yfbi c~h~{ ensfu  efio {nu~sfgffb" [nbigfsodfb yfbi aoaf{fq enufsfd afuo ohdfb fqf~ s{mbsmu $ {nb l~fdfb ifjn$ uniosqufso {njfob afb {nb l~fdfb pm~cgnu  enujfob"

Ao qfg~b 5;6;$ oba~squ y ifjn a~bof jnjodoho bodfo dneog afuo !6;; jodyfu  afb fhfb qnu~s jnbobihfq snqof{ qfg~bbyf" Qmqfd bodfo qnusne~ q fafdfg gfsod

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qoafh gfbyf aojobfqo mdng hfdfbifb ~sof j~af qnqf{o ~bq~h enuefifo df{osfb ~sof efoh dfho*dfho jf~{~b {nunj{~fb" Mdng hfunbf oq~ {nd~fbi eosbos snjfhob ensfu"

Lnbos {nujfobfb yfbi aoqfyfuhfb mdng ifjn dmcfd e~hfb snhnafu  ~bq~h goe~ufb snjfqf$ bfj~b l~if ~bq~h na~hfso afb efbq~fb dfobbyf"

Afdfj {nugoq~bifb hn~bq~bifb cmbqmgbyf ao F{{dn ~bq~h O{gmbn fqf~ O{fa$ efio gfsod aodfh~hfb anbifb shnjf 9;*3;" [nuobcofbb yf 9;. ~bq~h {nbinjefbi snafbihfb

3;.

~bq~h F{{dn afdfj sfq~ hfdo amybdmfa"

Gfuif qof{ f{dohfso enuenaf*enaf sns~fo anbifb qobihfq hmj{dnhsoqfs"

60

5"

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{ndfqogfb" N" SQUFQNIO [NJFSFU [NJFSFUFB FB IFJN DMHFD

6" Jnjefbi~b {~sfq {nbaoaohfb {nbinjefbifb ifjn [nbaoaohfb jnu~{fhfb gfd qnu {nbqobi ~bq~h jnbigfsodhfb S~jenu  Afyf

Jfb~sof 'SAJ/ yfbi hunfqo`  afb jnjodoho oan efu~" Hnenufaffb s~jenu  afyf jfb~sof sfbifq a oe~q~ghfb ~bq~h jnbigfsodhfb ifjn yfbi jnbfuoh afb jnjodoho muosobfho qfs yfbi qobiio" Ifjn*ifjn yfbi af{fq jnjenuohfb n`nh hncfba~fbdfg yfbi eosf aohfqfhfb enugfsod" Mdng hfunbf oq~j SAJ sfbifq {nbqobi ~bq~h jnbigfsodhfb ifjn sn{nu qo oq~" Qnbq~byf SAJ sn{nqo oq~ af{fq aogfsodhfb afuo lfd~u  {nbaoaohfb" [nbaoaohfb yfbi aojfhs~a qoafh gfu~s `mujfd qnqf{o l~if af{fq enu~{f h~us~s sobihfq fqf~ {ndfqogfb yfbi gfbyf jnje~q~ghfb yfhq~ enenuf{f gfuo sf lf" Y fdf~{~b enenuf{f gfuo$ bfj~b oso jfqnuo gfu~s jnbinbf {faf sfsfufb" Cfuf dfob yfbi qn{fq fafdfg jnbafqfbihfb {nbinjefbi ifjn

69

yfbi s~afg enu {nbifdfjfb fifu  jfqnuo cn{fq aoqfbihf{" Cfuf*cfuf sn{nu qo obo eofsf aodfh~hfb afdfj enbq~h emmqcfj{"

5" Jnbinjefbihfb ifjn anbifb hmbqnb dmcfd Hmbqnb dmcfd jnu~{fhfb couo hgfs afuo {nbinjefbi ifjn afb obo jnb lfao qoqoh yfbi af{fq jnbfuoh hnobiobfb {njfob ifjn" Bfj~b yfbi {nud~ aoobifq fafdfg yfdf~{~b hmbqnb dmcfd$ ifyf qfj{odfb afb hmbsn{ yfbi aoqfyfuhfb gfu~s jnjodoho coquf ufsf idmefd" Fd~u  cnuoqf eosf qnbqfbi cnuoqf dninbaf bfj~b anbifb snbq~gfb ~bopnusfd $ ifjn af{fq aoqnuojf mdng snj~f jfsyfufhfq ao a~bof"

Cmbqmg ifjn yfbi enugfsod anbifb cfuf sn{ nu qo oq~ fafdfg Yfucuf` q" Eosf  lfao anbifb fd~u  cnuo qf {nyfyfbifb bfj~b {nujfobfb aoe~fq sn{nu qo ifyf Yfucuf` q fhfb jnjenuohfb snbsfso enuenaf efio {ncobqf ifjn" 3"

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