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The circuit shown below will be wired up as demonstrations. You may operate the circuits yourself, however ask your demonstrator before you investigate the circuit.
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First of all, be sure the power supply is set to 5 V. Charge the capacitor by closing the first switch for approximately 10 seconds. Then open the switch and allow the capacitor to discharge through the light globe by holding down the second switch in the circuit. Measure the length of time that the globe glowed, and note how bright the globe appears at the start of the discharge (i.e. the peak brightness). The brightness and duration of the light globe’s glow should be an indication of how much energy was stored in the capacitor. When considering the brightness of globes in other situations, refer to this original brightness (and the length of time that it glowed for) as a reference point. For what length of time did this reference globe glow? (Record this in your logbook.) This measurement was for a single globe at 5 V. According to the theoretical formula above, we expect that the energy stored by the capacitor should be dependent on the charging voltage as well as the capacitance. Ask your demonstrator to connect another capacitor in parallel to the first capacitor. Draw this new circuit in your logbook. Using the same procedure as before, charge the capacitors before letting them discharge through the light globe. How does the brightness and duration of glow compare to the original circuit? What does this imply about the energy stored by the capacitors in this circuit, compared to the energy stored in the original circuit? Assuming that the energy stored in the circuit is related to voltage and total capacitance according to U 2 = ½ CV , how do you think that adding the capacitor in parallel has altered the total capacitance? What do think happens to the total capacitance when multiple capacitors are added in parallel? Explain. Now ask your demonstrator to remove the capacitor placed in parallel, and instead connect it in series with the original capacitor (i.e. the circuit now contains two capacitors, in series). Draw a circuit diagram. Charge and discharge the capacitors again, as before. How does the brightness and duration of this ‘series’ glow compare to the original circuit and to the parallel circuit? What does this imply about the energy stored by the capacitors in this series circuit, compared to the energy stored in the other circuits? Assuming that the energy stored in the circuit is related to voltage and total capacitance according to U 2 = ½ CV , how do you think that adding the capacitor in series has altered the total capacitance? What do think happens to the total capacitance when multiple capacitors are added in series? Explain. The circuit below is also set up as a demonstration. This time the power supply is set to 10 V.
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Charge and discharge the capacitors as before. How do the glows of these four globes compare to the glows of the previous circuits (in both brightness and duration)?
