3
HCH
K YNALCF^G^CA 3.3 Gctcr Hngcmcae Bcscgcf Ynrsckaeca lk luakc kalustrk snbcmka m`bpgnms, pnruscfcca-pnruscfcca bnad`hc uatum bnakaemctmca oubgcf m`asubnaayc lnaeca bngcmumca pngcycaca ycae dnpct lca hkcyc ycae burcf lkhcalkaemca lnaeca m`bpntkt`rayc. Tcgcf sctu dcrc uatum bnwuoulmca mnsumsnsca tnrsnhut lcpct lkgcmumca lnaeca dcrc bnaekatnercskmca skstnb kaj`rbcsk, pnakaemctca nsknask lcrk skstnb kaj`rbcsk uatum bnaefcskgmca bcaconbna ycae gnhkf nskna lcgcb huskanss pr`dnssns. Tkstnb Kaj`rbcsk (TK) clcgcf m`bhkacsk lcrk tnma`g`ek kaj`rbcsk lca cmtkvktcs `rcae ycae bnaeeuacmca tnma`g`ek ktu uatum bnalumuae `pnrcsk lca bcaconbna. Lcgcb crtk ycae scaect gucs, kstkgcf skstnb kaj`rbcsk ycae snrkae lkeuacmca bnruoum mnpclc katnrcmsk catcrc `rcae, pr`sns cge`rktbkm, lctc, lca tnma`g`ek. Lcgcb pnaenrtkca kak, kstkgcf kak lkeuacmca uatum bnruoum tklcm fcayc pclc pnaeeuacca `recakscsk tnma`g`ek kaj`rbcsk lca m`buakmcsk (\KM), tntcpk ouec uatum dcrc lk bcac `rcae hnrkatnrcmsk lnaeca tnma`g`ek kak lcgcb bnalumuae pr`sns hksaks Yr`sns hksaks clcgcf suctu mubpugca pnmnrocca ycae scgkae tnrmckt uatum bnayngnsckmca suctu bcscgcf tnrtnatu. Tuctu pr`sns hksaks lcpct lkpndcf bnaoclk hnhnrcpc suhpr`sns ycae bcskae-bcskae bnbkgkmk ctrkhut snalkrk tcpk ouec hnrm`atrkhusk uatum bnadcpck tuouca lcrk supnrpr`snsayc. Cacgksks Cacgksks pr`sns hksaks ububayc bngkhctmca pnbntcca pr`sns lca suhpr`sns lk lcgcbayc fkaeec tkaemctca cmtkvktcs ctcu mnekctca. \nma`g`ek natnrprksn rns`urdns pgcaakae (NXY) lcpct bnaekatnercskmca juaesk bcrmntkae, juaesk pr`lumsk, juaesk g`ekstkm, juaesk acadn, juaesk subhnr lcyc, juaesk pr`lumsk, lca juaesk gckaayc. Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae (NXY) bnrupcmca suctu dcrc uatum bnaeng`gc subhnr lcyc pnruscfcca lnaeca bnaeeuacmca tnma`g`ek kaj`rbcsk.
3
Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
8 Ynaeeuacca NXY ycae lkgnaemcpk lnaeca fcrlwcrn lca s`jtwcrn uatum bnaem``rlkacsk lca bnaekatnercskmca lctc kaj`rbcsk pclc sntkcp crnc huskanss pr`dnssns uatum bnaefcskgmca pnaecbhkgca mnputusca ycae dnpct mcrnac bnaynlkcmca cacgksc lca gcp`rca mnucaeca ycae dnpct, gcp`rca pnaoucgca ycae `a tkbn, gcp`rca pr`lumsk lca kavnat`rk. Yr`ercb NXY scaect bnbhcatu pnruscfcca ycae bnbkgkmk hksaks pr`sns ycae gucs, lnaeca bnaeeuacmca lctchcsn lca rnp`rtkae t``gs bcaconbna ycae tnrhcek. Huskanss pr`dnssns bnrupcmca snmng`bp`m cmtkvktcs ycae bnbnrgumca sctu onaks ctcu gnhkf kaput ycae cmca bnaefcskgmca snhucf `utput lkbcac `utput kak bnrupcmca vcgun uatum m`asubna. T`jtwcrn NXY bnalumuae pnae`pnrcskca ycae nskna lcrk huskanss pr`dnssns lnaeca dcrc bnaekatnercskmca cmtkvktcs-cmtkvktcs lcrk mnsngurufca hksaks tnrbcsum scgns, bcrmntkae, bcaujcdturkae, g`ekstkd, cdd`uatkae, lca stcjae. Kbpgnbnatcsk NXY pclc pnruscfcca lk Kal`anskc ycae bnbpuayck fcrcpca uatum bnbpnrdnpct pr`sns hksaks, bnakaemctmca nsknask, lca bnrcup pnalcpctca ycae gnhkf hnscr. hnscr. ^atum bnadcpck mnhnrfcskgca NXY kak bcmc pnrgu bnaentcfuk jcmt`r-jcmt`r cpc ycae bnbpnaecrufk mnhnrfcskgca kbpgnbnatcsk lca mnececgca kbpgnbnatcsk. \n`rk ycae lkscbpckmca Ecrenyc lca Hrcly (899>) bnayctcmca hcfwc clc jcmt`r-jcmt`r mnhnrfcskgca lca jcmt`r-jcmt`r mnececgca catcrc gcka ? pnrtcbc, mnbcbpuca uatum bnbpnrskaemct hksaks pr`sns ctcu `pnrcsk snfkaeec must`bkscsk hnrmurcae pclc pnruscfcca= mnluc, mnhnrfcskgca tkb pr`ynm ycae lklumuae `gnf bcaconbna, m`asugtca lca vnal`r= mntkec, clcayc pngctkfca ycae hnrmngcaoutca scct kbpgnbnatcsk NXY pclc pnruscfcca= mnnbpct, bnaynsuckmca hulcyc `recakscsk ycae scbc uatum bnaefkalcrk dcrc-dcrc tnrsnalkrk lcgcb bnaenrocmca fcg-fcg lca sntkcp juaesk/lnpcrtnbna hnr`pnrcsk lnaeca pr`snlur hnrhnlc lca mntnatuca hksaks hnrhnlc, bcmc pnrgu lkgcmumca wclcf uatum sfcrkae ma`wgnlenNXY pclc pnruscfcca. Mngkbc, bnrnadcacmca hkcyc pclc scct kbpgnbnatcsk lca pnaenbhcaeca NXY uatum bnaefkalcrk pnbcmckca hkcyc ycae bngnhkfk lcrk mnbcbpuca pnruscfcca. 3.8 \uouca Ynaugksca
Bcajcct lcrk Ynaugksca Bcmcgcf kak Bnaongcsmca Natnrprksn Xns`urdns Ygcaakae (NXY) mnpclc pcrc bcfcskswc skstnb kaj`rbcsk hckm ktu juaesk lcrk NXY lk gkaemuaeca `recakscsk bcupua pnruscfcca. Tngcka ktu, bcmcgcf kak lcpct bnacbhcf wcwcsca pnbhcdc pnbhcdc tnatcae Tkstnb Natnrprksn Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae (NXY) ycae hksc bnbpnrbulcf pnruscfcca/ uakvnrsktcs uatum bnaykbpca lca bnaentcfuk sndcrc dnpct lctchcsn pnruscfcca ctcupua uakvnrsktcs.
3.4 Hctcsca Bcscgcf Bcmcgcf kak fcayc bnbhcfcs Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae sndcrc ubub, ycktu pnaenrtkca NXY fkaeec mngnhkfca lca mnmurcaeca lcrk skstnb NXY, NXY, sndrc rkaemcs, uatum pnbhcfcsca ycae gnhkf m`bpgnms, pnayusua tklcm hksc tnrcpmca pclc bcmcgcf kak, lkmcrnmca fcg tnrsnhut bnbkgkmk tnbpct pnbhcfcsca tnrsnalkrk.
Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
4
HCH
KK YNBHCFCTCA 8.3 Ynaenrtkca Ynrnadcacca subhnr lcyc pnruscfcca, ctcu snrkae lkskaemct NXY lcrk kstkgcf hcfcsc Kaeerksayc, natnrprksn rns`urdn pgcaakae, clcgcf skstnb kaj`rbcsk ycae lkpnruatummca hcek pnruscfca bcaujcmtur bcupua ocsc ycae hnrpnrca bnaekatnercskmca lca bnae`t`bcskmca pr`sns hksaks ycae hnrfuhuaeca lnaeca cspnm `pnrcsk, pr`lumsk bcupua lkstrkhusk lkstrkhusk lk pnruscfcca hnrscaemutca. Tycrct tnrpnatkae lcrk skstnb NXY clcgcf bnaeechuaemca hnrhceck mnhutufca pclc sctu s`jtwcrn lcgcb sctu g`ekdcg lctchcsn, snfkaeec bnbulcfmca snbuc lnpcrtnbna hnrhcek kaj`rbcsk lca hnrm`buakmcsk. Lctchcsn ycae clc lcpct bnaekokamca sntkcp lnpcrtnbna lcgcb pnruscfcca uatum bnaykbpca lca bnaecbhkg kaj`rbcsk sndcrc rncg-tkbn. Kaj`rbcsk tnrsnhut fcrus lcpct lkpnrdcyc, lcpct lkcmsns lca bulcf lksnhcrgucsmca. Xcadcaeca pnrcaemct guacm b`lugcr fcrus hnrcrtk hcfwc snhucf hksaks lcpct bnbkgkf b`lug-b`lug ycae lkpnrgumca, lkm`bhkacskmca lca lksnsuckmca lcrk vnal`r ycae hnrhnlc, lca lcpct bnacbhcfmca b`lug hcru uatum bnakaemctmca uaoum mnroc hksaks.
8.8 Gcalcsca Gc alcsca \n`rk \n`rk C. Tnocrcf NXY hnrmnbhcae lcrk Bcaujcdturkae Xns`urdn Ygcaakae (BXY KK) ycae hnr-nv`gusk lcrk Bctnrkcg Xnqukrnbnat Ygcaakae (BXY) ycae hnrmnbhcae snhngubayc. Tkstnb NXY sndcrc b`lugcr hkcscayc bnacaecak pr`sns bcaujcmtur, g`ekstkm, lkstrkhusk, pnrsnlkcca (kavnat`ry), pnaecpcgca, kav`kdn, lca cmuatcask pnruscfcca. Kak hnrcrtk hcfwc skstnb kak acatk cmca bnbhcatu bnae`atr`g cmtkvktcs hksaks snpnrtk pnaoucgca, pnaekrkbca, pr`lumsk, bcaconbna pnrsnlkcca, bcaconbna mucgktcs, lca subhnr lcyc bcauskc.
4
Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
< H. \cfcpca Nv`gusk Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae (NXY)?
• •
•
•
•
\cfcp K ? Bctnrkcg Xnqukrnbnat Ygcaakae (BXY) Bnrupcmca dkmcg hcmcg lcrk NXY, lnaeca m`asnp pnrnadcacca mnhutufca bctnrkcg \cfcp KK? Dg`sn-G``p BXY Bnrupcmca snlnrntca juaesk lca tklcm fcayc tnrhctcs pclc BXY, tnrlkrk ctcs cgct hcatu pnayngnsckca bcscgcf prk`rktcs lca clcayc rnadcac ycae lcpct lkuhcf ctcu lkecatk okmc lkpnrgumca. \cfcp KKK? Bcaujcmturkae Xns`urdn Ygcaakae (BXY KK) Bnrupcmca pnaenbhcaeca lcrk dg`sng``p BXY ycae lktcbhcfmca 4 ngnbna ycktu? pnrnadcacca pnaoucgca lca `pnrcsk, catcrbumc mnucaeca lca skbugcsk cacgksks lcrk mnhutufca ycae lkpnrgumca. \cfcp KZ? Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae Bnrupcmca pnrgucsca lcrk BXY KK ycktu pnrgucsca pclc hnhnrcpc pr`sns hksaks lkcatcrcayc katnercsk mnucaeca, rcatck pcs`m lca bngkputk gkatcs hctcs juaesk `recakscsk lca ouec pnruscfcca lnaeca lkgcmumca sndcrc bulcf \cfcp Z? Nxtnalnl NXY (NXY KK) Bnrupcmca pnrmnbhcaeca lcrk NXY ycae lkguadurmca tcfua 8999, snrtc gnhkf m`anm lcrk NXY snhngubayc.
D. Ecbhcrca NXY clcgcf snhceck hnrkmut? • • • • • • • • •
Tkstnb NXY clcgcf clcgcf suctu pcmnt pnrcaemct guacm ycae lklnscka uatum gkaemuaeca pngcaeeca pnaeeuac snrvnr, cpcmcf ktu sndcrc trclksk`acg ctcu hnrhcsks ocrkaeca. Tkstnb NXY bnbclumca snhcekca hnscr lcrk pr`sns hksaks. Tkstnb NXY bnbpr`sns snhcekca hnscr lcrk trcascmsk pnruscfcca. Tkstnb NXY bnaeeuacmca bnaeeuacmca lctchcsn pnruscfcca ycae sndcrc tkpkmcg bnaykbpca sntkcp lctc snmcgk scoc. Tkstnb NXY bnbuaemkamca bnbuaemkamca bnaecmsns lctc sndcrc wcmtu ayctc (rncg tkbn). Lcgcb hnhnrcpc fcg skstnb NXY bnbuaemkamca pnrpcluca pr`sns trcascmsk lca mnekctca pnrnadcacca. Tkstnb NXY bnauaocae bnauaocae skstnb bugtk bctc ucae lca hcfcsc, ycae scaect lkpnrgumca `gnf pnruscfcca bugtkacsk`acg. Tkstnb NXY bnbuaemkamca bnbuaemkamca pnaynsuckca uatum mnhutufca mfusus pnruscfcca tcapc bngcmumca pnbr`ercbca mnbhcgk. Yclc ububayc, NXY lkhcaeua snhceck skstnb hnrhcsks b`lug ycae bnacaecak pr`sns bcaujcmtur, g`ekstkm, lkstrkhusk, kavnat`rk, kavnat`rk, kav`kdn, cmuatcsk pnruscfcca lca gcka snhceckayc. tnrsnhut lcpct lkpnr`gnf lnaeca dnpct.
Ecbhcr 8.3 M`asnp Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae (NXY).
Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
>
L. B`lug NXY Tndcrc b`lugcr, s`jtwcrn s`jtwcrn NXY hkcscayc tnrhcek ctcs b`lug utcbc ycmak @pnrcsk snrtc b`lug pnalumuae ycmak Jkacaskcg lca cmuatcsk snrtc Tubhnr Lcyc Bcauskc NXY lkhcek bnaoclk tkec b`lug utcbc,
3. B`lug `pnrcsk 8. B`lug acadkcg cmuatcask, lca 4. B`lug subhnr lcyc bcauskc. Mntkec b`lug kak hnrocgca sndcrc tnrpkscf, snfkaeec pnruscfcca tklcm fcrus bnaekbpgnbnatcskmca mntkecayc sndcrc gcaesuae. Acbua, mntkec b`lug tnrsnhut hnrfuhuaeca gcaesuae lnaeca sctu lctchcsn tnrpusct. Bkscgayc mntkmc hcekca hcekca pnaoucgca bnanrkbc pnscaca lcrk m`asubna, hcekca eulcae gcaesuae bnaentcfuk lca bnbpnrskcpmca pnscaca tnrsnhut. Mnbulkca hcekca cmuatcask lcpct bngkfct cpcmcf hcrcae pnscaca sulcf lkmkrkb ctcu hngub, snfkaeec kc lcpct bnbpnrskcpmca tcekfca uatum m`asubna. Tkstnb ycae snpnrtk kak cmca bnaefnbct hcaycm rns`urdn pnruscfcca, snpnrtk wcmtu, hkcyc lca tnacec mnroc. Tnbuc `rcae lcgcb skstnb bngkfct lctc ycae scbc lca cmca bnbpnr`gnf kaj`rbcsk tnrhcru lcrk snbuc lkvksk lcgcb pnruscfcca.
Ecbhcr 8.3 Tkmgus ^bub Yr`sns Hksaks Ynruscfcca Bcaujcmtur
N. Kbpgnbnatcsk NXY Kbpgnbnatcsk NXY bnbhutufmca bnbhutufmca pnrskcpca ycae bctcae, mcrnac mnscgcfca kbpgnbnatcsk cmca bnaecmkhctmca mnruekca ycae tklcm snlkmkt. \cfcp \cfcp pcgkae cwcg lcrk kbpgnbnatcsk NXY clcgcf bnbhcaeua hksaks pr`sns ycae hckm. \capc hksaks pr`sns ycae hckm, snbuc skstnb kaj`rbcsk hnrhcsks m`bputnr lnaeca tnmakm cpcpua tklcm cmca bcbpu bnakaemctmca nsknask lca njnmtkvktcs pnruscfcca tnrsnhut. Cecr snhucf pnruscfcca lcpct bnanrcpmca m`asnp NXY lnaeca hckm, sntkcp cspnm lcrk `recakscsk, bcauskc, kaj`rbcsk, lca tnma`g`ek fcrus lkpnrskcpmca lnaeca hckm.
Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
: Lnaeca lnbkmkca, mntkmc kbpgnbnatcsk hnacr-hnacr lkocgcamca, mcrycwca tngcf skcp lca bnbkgkmk mnbcuca uatumhngcocr lca bnalumuae mnhnrfcskgca NXY tnrsnhut. NXY tklcm sngcgu klnatkm lnaeca pnrcbpkaeca mcrycwca. Ynbkmkrca kak ycae lcpct bnaynhchmca mcrycwca catkpcstk tnrfclcp pnruhcfca mn skstnb NXY, NXY, mcrnac bnrcsc p`skskayc tnrcadcb lnaeca mnbulcfca ycae lktcwcrmca NXY 3. Hksaks pr`sns ^atum bnbhcaeua skstnb NXY, NXY, hksaks pr`sns fcrus lksusua lnaeca ongcs lca tnpct. \capc pr`sns hksaks ycae hnacr, skstnb cpcpua ycae lktnrcpmca tklcm cmca bcbpu bnbpnrhckmk mnclcca pnruscfcca. Lcgcb bnbhcaeua skstnb NXY, NXY, snhckmayc hctcsca skstnb ycae cmca lkhcaeua ongcs, snfkaeec kbpgnbnatcsk NXY tklcm tklcm hnrmnbhcae mn fcg-fcg ycae tklcm lkpnrgumca. 8. Znal`r Znal`r clcgcf pnruscfcca ycae bnaynlkcmca pcmnt skstnb NXY ycae cmca lkkbpgnbnatcskmca lk pnruscfcca. Tngcka bnaynlkcmca s`jtwcrn lca fcrlwcrn, vnal`r ouec fcrus bnbhnrkmca pngctkfca pclc mcrycwca pnruscfcca ycae bnaeeuacmca ocscayc, cecr mcrycwca tnrhkcsc lnaeca skstnb K\ ycae hcru, lca bnbcstkmca skstnb ycae hcru kak hnrocgca. > pnbcka vnal`r utcbc pnaynlkc NXY?
Ecbhcr 8.3 T`jtwcrn NXY
TCY Ynruscfcca kak lklkrkmca pclc tcfua 3;58 lk Ucggl`rj, Ucggl`rj, Onrbca. Hngub pnracf clc pnruscfcca lk gucr Cbnrkmc Tnrkmct ycae bnadcpck mnsumsnsca snpnrtk pnruscfcca kak. Ynruscfcca kak clcgcf pnbnecae pcaesc NXY tnrhnscr lk luakc, snmktcr 49%-:9%. TCY clcgcf pr`lum pnrcaemct guacm NXY ycae bnbpuayck mnbcbpuca uatum bnaekatnercskmca hnrhceck bcdcb cpgkmcsk hksaks, lkbcac sntkcp cpgkmcsk bnwcmkgmca crnc hksaks tnrtnatu.
•
@rcdgn Ynruscfcca kak lklkrkmca pclc tcfua 3;55 lk Cbnrkmc Tnrkmct. Tnrkmct. @rcdgn clcgcf pnruscfcca pnaynlkc s`jtwcrn tnrhnscr mnluc lk luakc. \ntcpk pnruscfcca kak gnhkf lkmnacg uatum skstnb lctchcsnayc, humca cpgkmcsk NXY-ayc. Cpgkmcsk @rcdgn bugck lkmnbhcaemca uatum pcscr Cbnrkmc Tnrkmct pclc \cfua 3;6; lca uatum pcscr katnracsk`ag pclc 3;;4. Yclc tcfua 3;;5, `rcdgn bnaeububmca cmca •
Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
5 bnbcsumk pcscr kalustrk spnskm lca bnakaemctmca mcrcmtnr katnracsk`gacg pclc s`jtwcrn bnrnmc. Xnputcsk @rcdgn lcgcb skstnb NXY clcgcf uatum pnaenbhcaeca pr`lum ycae lcpct lkechuaemca lnaeca pr`lum gcka snfkaeec lcpct bnadkptcmca skstnb ycae ‗hnst `j hrncl‒. @rcdgn clcgcf pnrtcbc mcgk bnaekatnercskmca katnrant lcgcb pr`lum bnrnmc. •
Yn`pgns`jt
Ynruscfcca kak lklklrkmca pclc tcfua 3;65 lca bugck e` puhgkd pclc 3;;8. Yn`pgnT`jt clcgcf vnal`r NXY mntkec tnrhnscr. tnrhnscr. Yclc tcfua 3;;5, bnrnmc tngcf bnaeucsck pcaesc pcscr snhnscr :% lca pnalcpctca bnrnmc pclc a3;;6 tgcfbngnhk .4 bk.Yn`pgT`t lkmnacg gucs uatum mnbcbpuca lcgcb hklcae subhnr lcyc bcauskc. Lcgcb hcaycm mcsus, pnruscfcca bnbkgkf vnal`r NXY (d`at`f `rcdgn) lcgcb bnaynlkcmca b`lug-b`lug NXY, NXY, acbua bnbkgkf Yn`pgnT`jt uatum b`lug subhnr lcyc bcausck. O. L. Nlwcrls Ynuscfcca kak tngcf bnaengucrmca bugtkpgctj`rb s`jtwcrn, ycmak @anU`rgl @anU`rgl ycae lkrcadcae sndcrc hnrtcfcp uatum bnaeecatkmca pr`lum snhngubayc ycktu CT/<99. O.L. Nlwcrls tngcf lkmnacg bnbkbpka snhceck pnaynlkc cpgkmcsk CT/<99. Yclc tcfua 3;;5, pnruscfcca kak tngcf bnaeucsck pcaesc pcscr NXY snhnscr 5%, lca pnalcpctcaayc pclc tcfua 3;;6 tngcf bnadpck caemc $;5; outc. •
HCCA Ynruscfcca kak lklkrkmca lk Hngcalc pclc tcfua 3;56. Ycaesc Ycscr HCCA lcgcb pcscr NXY snmktcr >% lnaeca pnalcpctca pclc tcfua 3;;6 hnrmkscr bnadcpck $5>9 outc. HCCA bugck lkmnacg snocm bnbnacaemca NXY lnaca H`nkae pclc tcfua 3;;<.
•
J. Mcrcmtnr Mcrcmtn r Tkstnb NXY snrkae lksnhut snhceck Hcdm @jdn Tystnb ycae bnaekalkmcskmca hcfwc pngcaeeca lca puhgkm sndcrc ubub tklcm lkgkhctmca lcgcb skstnb kak. Hnrhnlc lnaeca Jr`at @jdn Tystnb ycae gcaesuae hnrurusca lnaeca pngcaeeca snpnrtk skstnb uatum n-D`bbnrdn, Dust`bnr Xngctk`asfkp Bcacenbnat (DXB), n-E`vnrabnat lca gcka-gcka.
E. B`lug NXY Tndcrc b`lugcr, s`jtwcrn s`jtwcrn NXY hkcscayc tnrhcek ctcs b`lug utcbc ycmak @pnrcsk snrtc b`lug pnalumuae ycmak Jkacaskcg lca cmuatcsk snrtc Tubhnr Lcyc Bcauskc •
B`lug @pnrcsk
Enanrcg G`ekstkds, Tcgns cal Lkstrkhutk`a, Bctnrkcgs Bcacenbnat, G`ekstkds Nxndutk`a, Sucgkty Bcacenbnat, Ygcat Bckatnacadn, Dust`bnr Tnrvkdn, Yr`ludtk`a Ygcaakae cal D`atr`g, Yr`ondt Tystnb, Navkr`abnat Bcacenbnat •
B`lug Jkacaskcg lca Cmuatcask
Enanrcg Cdd`uatkae, Jkacadkcg Cdd`uatkae, D`atr`ggkae, Kavnstbnat Bcacenbnat, \rncsury, \rncsury, Natnrprksn D`atr`ggkae, • B`lug Tubhnr Lcyc Bcauskc Ynrs`aang Bcacenbnat, Ynrs`aang \kbn Bcacenbnat, Ycyr`gg, \rckakae cal Nvnat Bcacenbnat, @recakzctk`acg Bcacenbnat, \rcvng Bcacenbnat. Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
6 F. Jcsn Kbpgnbnatcsk NXY • Jcsn Kakskcsk Hnrupc rnadcac strctneks ctcu ouec lcrk hnhnrcpc mnoclkca ycae buadug lk pnruscfcca bkscgayc clcayc tcwcrca lcrk vnal`r, pnrenrcmca lcrk m`bpntktk`r, m`bpntktk`r, pnrenrcmca kalustrk, pnakaemctca mucgktcs pr`ynm, pnruhcfca pclc pnrcturca lca fumub ctcu pnbcajcctca caeecrca tnma`g`ek kaj`rbcsk ycae gnhkf hckm. • Jcsn Nvcgucsk Bngkputk nvcgucsk pr`sns hksaks, cacgksks mnhutufca, nvcgucsk hnrhceck cgtnractkj, pnadcrkca vnal`r ycae p`tnaskcg lca nvcgucsk hnrhceck pr`lum ycae hnrhnlc. • Jcsn Tngndtk`a Yclc jcsn Nvcgucsk lcpct hnrgcaesuae lcgcb rnatcae wcmtu ycae dumup gcbc. Mcrnac lkfchksmca uatum bnayngnmsk hnrhceck p`tnask cgtnractkj tnrbcsum pngucae bnaecmfkrk pr`ynm ctcu bnbutusmca pr`ynm okmc gkaemuaecaayc tnrayctc tklcm skcp bnanrkbc pr`ynm tnrsnhut. • Jcsn B`lkmcsk Lcpct lkocgcamca luc dcrc ?
3. Dcrc pnrtcbc b`lkmcsk ycae tnroclk lcgcb rcaemckca pr`sns cacgksks-m`aeurcsk lca pnaeuokca fkaeec lklcpctmca fcskg ycae lkkaekamca ctcu fkaeec hctcsca wcmtu tnrtnatu. 8. Dcrc mnluc lnaeca bngcmumca pnbkgkfca stctus tcrent tnrtnatu tnrtnatu lca mnbulkca mnbulkca bnanrcpmca pnaeumurca ctcs pnadcpckca tcrent tnrtnatu. Yr`sns kak lkgcmumca sndcrc pcrcgng fkaeec bnbhnatum suctu gkaemcrca. Lkgcmumca tcfcpca pngctkfca hcek pcrc pnaeeuac. • Jcsn Ynayngnsckca Okmc snbuc hnrocgca gcadcr, m`asubna cmca bnguacsk pnbhcycrca (tnrecatuae m`atrcm). Lca ouec tcfcpca kak pnruscfcca hkcscayc bnalcpctmca pngcocrca lca pnaecgcbca ctcs snecgc mnoclkca sngcbc pr`ynm kbpgnbnatcsk, tnrbcsum nvcgucsk mnhnrfcskgca lca mnececgca lca pngucae kbpgnbnatcsk sngcaoutayc.
K. \uouca \uouca NXY \uouca skstnb NXY clcgcf uatum bnaem``rlkacskmca hksaks `recakscsk sndcrc mnsngurufca. NXY bnrbnrupcmca s`jtwcrn ycae clc lcgcb `recakscsk/pnruscfcca ycae lkeuacmca uatum; ? @t`bctkscsk lca katnercsk hcaycm pr`sns hksaks. Hckm pr`sns hksaks pnruscfcca bcaujcmtur ctcu ocsc. • Bnbhcek lctchcsn ycae ubub lca prcmtnm hksaks bngcguk natnrprksn. • Bnaefcskgmca kaj`rbcsk ycae rncg-tkbn. • Bnbuaemkamca pnrpcluca pr`sns trcascmsk lca mnekctca pnrnadcacca. •
Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
; Tkstnb NXY; Tkstnb NXY clcgcf clcgcf snhucf tnrbka`g`ek ycae lkhnrkmca mnpclc skstnb kaj`rbcsk ycae bnalumuae trcascmsk ctcu `pnrcsk snfcrk-fcrk lcgcb pnaeng`gcca subhnr lcyc pnruscfcca. Tubhnr lcyc tnrsnhut bngkputk lcac, bcauskc, bnska, sumu dclcae, wcmtu, bctnrkcg lca mcpcsktcs. M`asnp lcrk skstnb NXY lcpct lkkgustrcskmca snhceck hnrkmut ?
• •
Ycmnt skstnb NXY hkcscayc tnrlkrk ctcs snmubpugca b`lug-b`lug ycae lcpct bnalumuae hnrhceck juaesk lca pr`sns pclc pnruscfcca. Cgur Cgur pr`sns hksaks ycae tnroclk lcgcb pnruscfcca m`bnrskcg, hckm ycae bnaefcskgmca pr`lum hcrcae ocsc sndcrc ubub bnrupcmca sctu skmgus m`atkau bugck lcrk pnrbkatcca m`asubna, pnbhuctca pr`lum, pnaynrcfca pr`lum, pnacekfca, pnbhcycrca lca gcycaca puracoucg.
O. Mnuatuaeca Ynaeeuacca NXY Hcayco mnuatuaeca ycae hksc lklcpct, okmc bnaeeuacmca skstnb NXY, NXY, catcrc gcka? •
Katnercsk lctc mnucaeca
^atum bnaekatnercskmca lctc mnucaeca snfkaeec t`p bcacenbnat hksc bngkfct lca bnae`atr`g mkanr oc mnucaeca mnuc aeca pnruscfcca pnr uscfcca lnaeca gnhkf g nhkf hckm hck m •
Ttcalcrkscsk Yr`sns @pnrcsk
Bnastcalcrmca pr`sns `pnrcsk bngcguk kbpgnbnatcsk hnst prcdtkdn snfkaeec tnroclk pnakaemctca pr`lumtkvktcs, pnauruaca kansknask lca pnakaemctca mucgktcs pr`lum •
Ttcalcrkscsk Lctc lca Kaj`rbcsk
Bnastcalcrmca lctc lca kaj`rbcsk bngcguk mnsnrcecbca pngcp`rca, tnrutcbc uatum pnruscfcca hnscr ycae hkcscayc tnrlkrk lcrk hcaycm huskanss uakt lnaeca oubgcf lca onaks hksaks ye hnrhnlc-hnlc. Mnuatuaeca ycae lcpct lkumur, catcrc gcka? • Ynauruaca kavnat`rk • Ynauruaca tnacec mnroc sndcrc t`tcg • Ynakaemctca snrvkdn gnvng • Ynakaemctca m`atr`g mnucaeca • Ynauruaca wcmtu ycae lk hutufmca uatum bnalcpctmca kaj`rbcsk
Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
39 M. Ynbkgkfca Bnt`l`g`ek Bnt`l`g`ek ycae hnrmcktca lnaea NXY ca buadugayc pnrbcscgcfca • Ynaentcfuca tcapc pnaecgcbca bnaynhchmca `rcae bnbhuct pnrnadcacca ycae tnrgkfct snbpurac tntcpk mnbulkca tnrhumtk tklcm hksc lkkbpgnbnatcskmca • Clc strumtur pr`sns sngnmsk ycae snhckmayc lkgcmumca uatum bnbnaufk mnhutufca pnruscfcca lcgcb bnbkgkf NXY [cae pnatkae `recakznl, j`dusnl lca skbpgn • Yr`sns sngnmsk tklcm fcrus sngcgu rubkt cecr njnmtkj. [cae • Yr`sns sngnmsk kak hkcscayc hnrmkscr catcrc >-: hugca snocm lkbugck fkaeec pnacalctcaecaca `rlnr pnbhngkca NXY (HM. Mfcktca)
G. Mngnhkfca NXY NXY ctcu Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae bnbkgkmk hnhnrcpc mngnhkfca, lkcatcrcayc ? 3. Katnercsk catcrc crnc juaesk`acg ycae hnrhnlc uatum bnycmkamca m`buakmcsk, pr`lumtktcs lca nsknask ycae tnpct. 8. Xcadcaeca Ynrnmcycscca 4. Yngcdcmca pnbnscaca lcrk pnanrkbcca scbpck jugggbnat <. Bnaectur scgkae scgkae mntnrecatuaeca mntnrecatuaeca lcrk pr`sns pnacekfca bctnrkcg ycae ycae m`bpgnms >. Yngcdcmca 4 dcrc ycae hnrsnsuckca hnrsnsuckca catcrc pnbnscaca pnbhngkca, pnbhngkca, pnanrkbcca kavnat`rk, lca pnbhkcycca :. Cmuatcsk uatum mnsngurufca tuecs? bngcdcm pnbcsumca, pnbcsumca, hkcyc lca mnuatuaeca pclc gnvng gnvng katk
B. Mnmurcaeca NXY Tngcka bnbkgkmk mngnhkfca, NXY ouec bnbkgkmk mngnbcfca. [cktu ? 3. \nrhctcsayc nrhctcs ayc must`bkscsk must`bks csk lcrk pnrcaemct pnrcaem ct guacm NXY. NXY. 8. Tkstnb NXY scaect bcfcg. 4. Ynrnmcycscca mnbhcgk mnbhcgk pr`sns hksaks hksaks uatum bnaynsuckmca bnaynsuckmca lnaeca stcalcr stcalcr kalustrk ycae tngcf lklnsmrkpskmca `gnf skstnb NXY lcpct bnaynhchmca fkgcaeayc mnuatuaeca m`bpntktkj. <. NXY snrkae tnrgkfct tnrgcgu tnrgcgu sugkt uatum hnrclcptcsk hnrclcptcsk lnaeca cgur mnroc lca pr`sns hksaks tnrtnatu tnrtnatu lcgcb hnhnrcpc `recakscsk. >. Tkstnb lcpct tnrgcgu m`bpgnms okmc lkhcalkaemca lnaeca mnhutufca lcrk pngcaeeca :. Lctc lcgcb skstnb skstnb NXY hnrclc lcgcb sctu tnbpct, tnbpct, d`at`fayc ? pngcaeeca, lctc mnucaeca. Fcg kak lcpct bnakaemctmca rnskm` mnfkgcaeca kaj`rbcsk snasktkj, okmc tnrlcpct pnbh`h`gca skstnb mncbcaca
A. Mnruekca Ynanrcpca NXY Mnruekca ycae buaemka tnroclk mntkmc scgcf bnanrcpmca NXY catcrc gcka clcgcf? • • • • • •
Ttrctnek `pnrcsk tklcm snocgca lnaeca huskanss pr`dnss lnskea lca pnaenbhcaecaayc Ucmtu lca hkcyc kbpgnbnatcsk ycae bngnhkfk caeecrca Mcrycwca tklcm skcp uatum bnanrkbc lca hnr`pnrcsk lnaeca skstnb ycae hcru Ynrskcpca kbpgnbnatctk`a tklcm lkgcmumca lnaeca hckm \klcm d`d`mayc s`jtwcrn lnaeca huskanss pr`dnss pnruscfcca. Murcaeayc subhnr lcyc, snpnrtk bcauskc, kajrcstrumtur lca b`lcg pnruscfcca.
Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
33 • •
• • • • •
\nrhnatumayc hulcyc `recakscsk ycae hnrclc lcgcb z`ac aycbca lca tklcm bcu hnruhcf ctcu bnrcsc tnrcadcb lnaeca mnhnrclcca s`jtwcrn (tcmut tklcm lkpnmnrocmca gcek). Murcaeayc trckakae lca pnbhngcocrca uatum mcrycwca, snfkaeec mcrycwca tklcm hnacr-hnacr skcp bnaefclcpk pnruhcfca skstnb, lkbcac snbuc mcrycwca fcrus skcp uatum sngcgu bnaynlkcmca lctc ycae up-t`-lctn. Murcaeayc m`buakmcsk catcr pnrs`ang. Dcdctayc pr`ondt lnskea lca bcacenbnat. Tcrca pnaefnbctca ycae bnaynsctmca lcrk `rcae ycae tklcm tnpct. Mncfgkca vnal`r ycae tklcm snsuck lnaeca mnhutufca pnruscfcca. Jcmt`r tnmaks gckaayc, snpnrtk hcfcsc, hcfcsc, mnhkcscca l`mubnatcsk dntcm bnaoclk gn, lca gcka sn hceckayc.
@. Bnbkgkf NXY Gctcr Hngcmcae • Kavnstcsk NXY scaect bcfcg lca pkgkfca NXY ycae scgcf hksc bnaoclk bkbpk hurum. • NXY ycae hnrfcskg lkeuacmca `gnf snhucf pnruscfcca tklcm bnaoclk ocbkaca hnrfcskg lk pnruscfcca ycae gcka. • Ynrnadcacca fcrus lkgcmumca uatum bnayngnmsk NXY ye tnpct. • Hcfmca lcgcb hnhnrcpc mcsus ycae nmstrnb, nvcgucsk pkgkfca NXY bnaefcskgmca rnm`bnalcsk uatum tklcm bnbhngk NXY, NXY, tntcpk bnbpnrhckmk Huskanss Yr`dnss ycae clc. • \klcm clc ‖mncockhca‛ lcgcb NXY s`jtwcrn. Mnuatuaeca ycae lklcpct lcrk NXY clcgcf fcskg lcrk pnrskcpca lca kbpgnbnatcsk ycae njnmtkj. • \klcm clc s`jtwcrn ctcu skstnb kaj`rbcsk ycae hksc bnautupk huskanss strctney ycae dcdct lca huskanss pr`dnss ycae ‖pcrcf‛. Tndcrc skaemct, tklcm snbuc NXY scbc mnbcbpucaayc lca bnbkgkf NXY tklcmgcf bulcf (pcgkae tklcm, tklcmgcf snlnrfcac), lca bnbkgkf NXY ycae scgcf cmca bnaoclk hnadcac ycae bcfcg
Y. Tumsns`r Ynanrcpca Tycrct sumsns bnbkgkf NXY Ynaentcfuca lca Ynaecgcbca Ynaentcfuca clcgcf pnaentcfuca tnatcae hceckbcac dcrc snhucf pr`sns snfcrusayc lkgcmumca, okmc snecgc sne cgc snsuctuayc snsu ctuayc hnrocgca h nrocgca gcadcr • Ynaecgcbca clcgcf pnbcfcbca tnrfclcp mnayctcca tnatcae hceckbcac snhucf pr`sns snfcrusayc lkmnrocmca lnaeca mnbuaemkaca • Ynaecgcbca tcapc pnaentcfuca hksc bnaynhchmca tnrugcaeayc ctcu tnrcmubugcskayc mnscgcfca lca mnmngkruca mcrnac tklcm lkhnmcgk lnaeca pnbcfcbca ye dumup. Mnscgcfca kak buadug ctcu tnroclk mcrnac NXY clcgcf snhucf hnst prcdtkdn lcrk stcalcr hksaks. Tnfcrusayc pnaentcfuca pclc juaesk-juaesk ycae tnrsnlkc lcgcb cpgkmcsk dumup tkaeek snfkaeec tklcm bnanrcpmca (kbpgnbnatctk`a) lnaeca dcrc ycae mngkru. Mnscgccfca lcgcb kbpgnbnatcsk cmca bnaoclk bcscgcf snrkus hcek uscfc pnakaemctca mkanroc uscfc. •
Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
38 S. Xkskm` NXY Xkskm` NXY bugck tnroclk lcrk mnputusca uatum bnaeeuacmca NXY ctcu tklcm, scbpck mntkmc sksnb tnrsnhut tngcf lkkbpgnbnatcskmca, tnrbcsum pnrbcscgcfca trckakae. Fcskg survny Custka lca D`tnggnr (3;;;) lcgcb @‛Gncry (8999) bnaecacgksc hcfwc rkskm` ycae lktnrkbc `gnf pnruscfcca cmkhct pnanrcpca skstnrb NXY tnrlkrk lcrk 4 rkskm`? ycktu rkskm` ycae buadug mcrnac bcscgcf kaj`rbctk`a pr`dnsskae tndfa`g`ey. 3. \ndfakdcg ndfakd cg Xksm, ycktu D`at`f tnma`g`ek ycae lkeuacmca lcg cb NXY snonansk `pnrctkae s`jtwcrn ycae lkeuacmca, rngctk`acg lctchcsn, dgkan snrvnr tndfa`g`ey, tndfa`g`ey, antw`rm rnqukrnbnats, lca s`jtwcrn 8. Huskanss Xksm , ycktu rkskm` ycae tkbhcg mcrnac pnrbcscgcfa b`lng skstnb lca pr`sns ycae lkpkgkf lca lkcl`psk snhceck hcekca kbpgnbnatcsk NXY. NXY. Xkskm` kak ouec bnadcmup m`askstnask katnracg lca mnd`d`mca bnrnmc lnaeca jcmt`r nmstnracg. Xkskm` kak tnrmckt lnaeca snhnrcp hckm skstnb NXY ycae lkeuacmca lcpct bnbhuct pnruscfcca hnrsckae lnaeca hckm. Xkskm` hksaks hkcscayc gnhkf tkaeek lcrkpclc rkskm` tnmaks. 4. @recakzctk`acg Xksm. Xkskm` kak tnrmckt lnaeca bcscgcf gkaemuaeca lkbcac suctu skstnb NXY lktnrcpmca, hckm ktu bcscgcf kalkvklu lca ouec strumtu `recakscsk. Xkskm` `recakscsk hkcscayc gnhkf hnscr lcrkpclc rkskm` hksaks.
X. Ynanrcpca NXY Hnrkmut kak clcgcf rkaemcsca p`ka-p`ka ye hksc lkeuacmca snhceck pnl`bca pclc scct kbpgnbnatcsk NXY? NXY clcgcf hcekca lcrk kajrcstrumtur pnruscfcca, lca scaect pnatkae uatum mngcaesuaeca fklup pnruscfcca. Tnbuc `rcae lca hcekca ycae cmca tnrpnaecruf `gnf clcayc NXY fcrus tnrgkhct lca bnbhnrkmca lumuaeca • NXY clc uatum bnalumuae juaesk hksaks lca bnakaemctmca pr`lumtkvktcs, humca snhcgkmayc. \u ouca kbpgnbnatcsk kbpg nbnatcsk NXY clcgcf uatum bnakaemctmca bnakaemc tmca lcyc lcy c sckae pnruscfc p nruscfcca ca • Yngcocrk mnsumsnsca lca mnececgca kbpgnbnatcsk NXY, NXY, ocaeca hnruscfc bnbhuct snalkrk prcmtnm kbpgnbnatcsk NXY. NXY. Clc bnt`l`g`ek tnrtnatu uatum kbpgnbnatcsk NXY ycae gnhkf tnrocbka mnhnrfcskgcaayc •
T. Ynanrcpc NXY lk Kal`anskc Tnhcekca hnscr pnruscfcca lk Kal`anskc, bcskf lkocgcamca lnaeca dcrc trclksk`acg, lcgcb crtkca pngcmscacca pr`sns hksaksayc hnrocgca lnaeca dcrc m`avnask`acg. Y`pugcrktcs NXY lk Kal`anskc lktcalck lnaeca pnaeeuacca TCY `gnf Cstrc Cstrc pclc tcfua 3;;9ca. \rnal pnaeeuacca NXY lk Kal`anskc hcaycm lkpnaecrufk `gnf hcaycmayc pnruscfcca cskae ycae bnalkrkmca pchrkmayc lk Kal`anskc. Tndcrc `t`bctks, skstnb kaj`rbcsk ycae lkeuacmca lk pnruscfcca kalum, ouec lkeuacmca lk cacm pnruscfccaayc lk Kal`anskc, lnaeca pnrtkbhcaeca mnbulcfca katnercsk lnaeca pusct:. Yclc NXY snalkrk tnroclk pnruhcfca pcrclkebc lcrk skstnb m`avnask`acg ycae snrhc tnrks`gcsk mn crcf pnaeeuacca kaj`rbctk`a tnma`g`ek ycae gnhkf tnrkatnercsk bnaefcskgmca cgkrca kaj`rbcsk ycae gnhkf gcadcr pclcgnvng `recakscsk`acg bcupua lnpcrtnbnatcg
Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
34
Yr`lum NXY hnrmnbhcae bnaoclk hcaycm b`lng, lca bugck hnrbuadugca vcrkcsk b`lug snpnrtk DXB, SB, TXB lca gcka snhceckayc, pclc tcfua 899>ca. Yclc bcsc kak pugc, pnruscfcca bugck bnrcscmca lcbpcm K\, K\, cpcmcf K\ hnacr-hnacr lcpct bnbhcatu mkanroc pnruscfcca ctcu tklcm. Bcscgcf utcbc ycae hcaycm lkfclcpk `gnf pnruscfcca lcgcb pnbkgkfca NXY clcgcf hkcyc. Fcrec NXY ycae rngctkvn bcfcg bnaoclk pnrtkbhcaeca utcbc lcgcb pnbkgkfca pcmnt NXY ycae cmca lkeuacmca. Bnmkpua clc NXY ycae `pna s`urdn, acbua lcgcb mnayctccaayc rngctkvn sugkt uatum lkkbpgnbnatcskmca.
Ecbhcr 8.3 Ttrumtur Tkstnb NXY
Ycmnt NXY ycae hcaycm lkeuacmca lk Kal`anskc clcgcf @rcdgn Jkacadn lca TCY X/4. Lkbcac Lkbcac bcskae-bcskae pcmnt bnbkgkmk mnmurcaeca lca mngnhkfca. TCY X/4 lkmnacg lnaeca mngnaemcpca b`lug lca katnercskayc ycae hckm. Tngcka ktu, TCY X/4 X/4 ouec bnbkgkmk m`atr`g cmsns ycae hckm. Tnhcgkmayc, TCY X/4 rngctkj gnhkf bcfcg lkhcalkaemca @rcdgn Jkacadn lca kbpgnbcatcskayc rngctkvn gnhkf rubkt. TCY X/4 gnhkf hcaycm lkeuacmca lk Kal`anskc, snfkaeec pngctkfca lca pcmcr lk hklcae kak dumup bulcf lktnbumca. Lcgcb mnayctccaayc, hnhnrcpc pnruscfcca bnaeeuacmca echuaeca lcrk mnlucayc uatum bnaocgcamca pr`sns hksaks pnruscfcca. Tngcka luc pcmnt NXY lkctcs, Bkdr`s`jt Cxcptc ouec dumup hcaycm lkeuacmca, mcrnac sngkskf fcrec ycae dumup hcaycm lcrk TCY X/4 X/4 bcupua @rcdgn. Mnhutufca cmca dust`bkzn pclc pcmnt NXY ycae tklcm hnacr-hnacr lkmucsck `gnf vnal`r, bnaynhchmca fcskg kbpgnbnatcsk tklcm snsuck lnaeca mnhutufca pnruscfcca, hckm mcrycwca bcupua t`p bcacenbnat. @gnf mcrnac ktu, lcgcb tcfcp pnruhcfca skstnb pnruscfcca mn NXY, NXY, snhckmayc pnruscfcca bnadcrk pnalcpct lcrk pkfcm mntkec, bkscgayc prcmtksk ctcu m`asugtca K\ ycae hnrskjct kalnpnalna, uatum bnaefkalcrk d`akdt `j katnrnst catcrc vnal`r lca pnruscfcca.
Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
3<
Znal`r ycae bnaynlkcmca pcmnt NXY lk Kal`anskc catcrc gcka clcgcf KJT, Y\ Mrcmctcu Kaj`rbctk`a \ndfa`g`ey, Y\ Chcs Kaj`rbctk`a Tystnb, Y\ Cmsnsc Tkstkbkal` Yrctcbc, Y\ Bkad`b Kal`snrvkdns, Eg`hcg Huskanss T`gutk`a, lca gcka snhceckayc. Tnlcaemca pnruscfcca ycae tngcf bnaekbpgnbnatcskmca NXY catcrc gcka clcgcf @gybpkd Er`up, YY G`al`a Tubctrc, \hm, Ocmcrtc Katnractk`acg D`atckanr \nrbkacg, Yntr`mkbkc Ernskm, T@F@ Er`up, Y\ YCG, Y\ Yupum Trkwklocyc, Humkt Burkc Ocyc, Tubk Xuhhnr Kal`anskc, lca pnruscfcca gckaayc. Yclc cmfkrayc, tklcm snbuc pnruscfcca bnbhutufmca NXY pclc pngcmscacca pr`sns hksaksayc. Ynruscfcca hksc bnbhngk pcmnt NXY sndcrc gnaemcp, pnr b`lug ctcu bnbhcaeua skstnbayc snalkrk, snsuck lnaeca mnhutufcaayc, tnrecatuae pclc smcgc m`bpgnmsktcs hksaks pnruscfcca, lksnsuckmca lnaeca lcac ycae tnrsnlkc, pnrs`ang ycae skcp bnaefclcpk pnruhcfca ycae cmca tnroclk lnaeca clcayc skstnb hcru, lca ycae pcgkae pnatkae, lumuaeca lcrk snbuc pkfcm lcgcb pnruscfcca. Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae (NXY) bnrupcmca suctu dcrc uatum bnaeng`gc subhnr lcyc pnruscfcca lnaeca bnaeeuacmca tnma`g`ek kaj`rbcsk. Ynaeeuacca tnma`g`ek NXY lkgnaemcpk lnaeca fcrlwcrn lca s`jtwcrn. \nma`g`ek \nma`g`ek kak hnrjuaesk uatum bnaem``rlkacsk lca bnaekatnercskmca lctc kaj`rbcsk pclc sntkcp crnc huskanss pr`dnssns snfkaeec bnaefcskgmca pnaecb- hkgca mnputusca ycae dnpct mcrnac bnaynlkcmca cacgksc lca gcp`rca mnucaeca ycae dnpct,
\. Ececgayc NXY • • • •
Ucmtu lca hkcyc kbpgnbnatcsk ycae bngnhkfk caeecrca Yrn-kbpgnbnatctk`a Yrn-kbpgnbnatctk`a tklcm lkgcmumca lnaeca hckm Ttrctnek `pnrcsk tklcm snocgca lnaeca huskanss pr`dnss lnskea lca pnaenbhcaecaayc @rcae-`rcae tklcm lkskcpmca uatum bnanrkbc lca hnr`pnrcsk lnaeca skstnb ycae hcru
^. \calc-tcalc mnececgca NXY Mnececgca NXY hkcscayc lktcalck `gnf clcayc fcg-fcg snhceck hnrkmut? • • • • • • • • • • •
Murcaeayc m`bktbna t`p bcacenbnat Murcaeayc pnalnakskca mnhutufca pnruscfcca (cacgksks strctnek hksaks) Dcdctayc pr`sns sngnmsk s`jtwcrn (tklcm gnaemcp ctcu tnrhuru-huru bnbutusmca) Murcaeayc subhnr lcyc (bcauskc, kajrcstrumtur lca b`lcg) Murcaeayc ‖huy ka‛ snfkaeec buadug rnskstnask uatum hnruhcf lcrk pcrc mcrycwca Mnscgcfca pnaefktuaeca wcmtu kbpgnbnatcsk \klcm d`d`mayc s`jtwcrn lea huskanss pr`dnss Murcaeayc trckakae lca pnbhngcocrca Dcdctayc pr`ondt lnskea & bcacenbnat Murcaeayc m`buakmcsk Tcrca pnaefnbctca ycae bnaynsctmca
Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
3>
HCH
KK YNA^\^Y 4.3 Mnskbpugca Clcayc snhucf skstnb NXY pclc snhucf pnruscfcca hngub bnaocbka mnsumsnsca pr`sns hksaksayc. Hcaycm fcg ycae lcpct bnaeececgmcaayc, snpnrtk gkaemuaeca lca hulcyc pnruscfcca ycae tngcf ocuf gnhkf gcbc clc. Lkbcac NXY tnrmclcae bnauatut pnruhcfca hulcyc pnruscfcca cecr snsuck lnaecapcdmcen lcrk NXY ktu snalkrk. Tnhcgkmayc, tnrmclcae lnaeca clcayc NXY pnruscfcca lcpct gnhkf tnrctur lca tnrtctc pr`sns hksaksayc. Ynrtkbhcaeca utcbc pnanrcpca NXY lk pnruscfcca-pnruscfcca Kal`anskc clcgcf bnaenack lcac, snfkaeec pnbkgkfca uatum pnaeeuacca kak hnacr-hnacr fcrus lkpkmkrmca sndcrc bctcae snsuck lnaeca mnhutufca pnruscfcca. Lcgcb tugksca kak hnhnrcpc fcg lcpct lktcrkm mnskbpugca hcfwc ? Ynaeeuacca NXY lk Kal`anskc bcskf hngub bcmskbcg lcgcb bnalumuae mkanroc hnhnrcpc pnrsucfcca. • • •
Ynbkgkfca NXY hksc lksnsuckmca lnaeca mnhutufca lcrk pnruscfcca lcgcb pnaenbhcaeca kaj`rbcsk hksaksayc, hckm ktu sndcrc pcmnt ctcupua pnr b`lug. NXY lk Kal`anskc lksnlkcmca `gnf hnhnrcpc Znal`r ycae lcgcb cpgkmcskayc scaect lkhutufmca pnrskcpca ycae bctcae lcrk pnruscfcca uatum bnbutusmca pnaeeuacca NXY. NXY. Ynaenbhcaeca systnb Katnracg bnaoclk cgtnractkvn ycae hckm, lnaeca pnrtkbhcaeca lcac lca m`bpgnskvktcs lcrk hksaks lcgcb pnruscfcca.
3>
Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
3: Tcrca Ucgcu Bcmcgcf kak tncf scbpck lk uouae mcgkbct, Ynayusua bcskf bnaefcrcpmca mrktkm snrtc scrca ycae lcpct lkg`atcrmca `gnf pnbhcdc snpnrtk tngcf lkskaeeuae snhngubayc lkmctc pnaecatcr. buaemka lnaeca mrktkm ktu, pnaugks hksc bnaenbhcaemca lca lcpct bnaynbpuracmca bcmcgcf lk mnlnpcaayc.
4.8 Lcjtcr Yustcmc fttp?//kl.wkmkpnlkc.`re/wkmk/Ynrnad fttp?//kl.wkmkpnlkc.`re/wkmk/YnrnadcaccaPsubhnrPlcycPpnruscfcca#Tno caccaPsubhnrPlcycPpnruscfcca#Tnocrcf crcf fttp?//ssk.stkm`b.nlu/nrp-a`t-nrp/ fttp?//gppb.uakvnrsktcsczzcfrc.cd.kl/pnanrcpca-tnma` fttp?//gppb.uakvnrsktcsc zzcfrc.cd.kl/pnanrcpca-tnma`g`ek-natnrprksn-rns`urdns-pgcaak g`ek-natnrprksn-rns`urdns-pgcaakae-lk-pnruscae-lk-pnruscfcca-kal`anskc/ fttp?//klantmu.d`b/natnrprksn-rns`urdn-pgcaakae-nrp fttp?//g`atcr.uk.cd.kl/gn0gn2lkektcg/38>;4>->5>8-Ynaecruf%89pnanrcpca-Gktnrctur.plj
fttp?//gkhrcry.hkaus.cd.kl/nD`ggs fttp?//gkhrcry.hkaus.cd.kl/nD`ggs/n\fnsksl`d/Hch8/\T /n\fnsksl`d/Hch8/\TC-8933-9986 C-8933-9986%898.plj %898.plj fttp?//na.wkmkpnlkc.`re/wkmk/TCYPCE fttp?//Yntrc.cd.kl - Nlly Murakcwca TBKM CBKM@B fttp?//kl.wkmkpnlkc.`re/wkmk/TkstnbPkaj`rbcsk Q ‗Lnaktk`a `j Cppgkdctk`a Gcalsdcpn‒. T`jtwcrn
Naekannrkae j`r Huskanss Kaj`rbctk`a Tystnbs (snhks). Oca 83, 899;. Lkcmsns Ocaucry 3<, 8933. Q TNK Xnp`rt, ‗Eg`sscry‒
Tkstnb NXY
(Natnrprksn Xns`urdn Ygcaakae)
