PEMICU 1 ISK HUMANIORA.ppt

PEMICU 1 ISK HUMANIORA Warga Depok Resah Air Tercemar

LO 1! M Norma Sosia" # Norma sosial a$a"ah %er%agai a&'ra( )a(g a$a $i &e(gah mas)araka& me(ge(ai ha"  )a(g %o"eh $a( &i$ak %o"eh $i"ak'ka( o"eh mas)araka& a&a' i($i*i$'+ # Norma sosial a$a"ah ke%iasaa( 'm'm )a(g me(-a$i pa&oka( peri"ak' $a"am s'a&' ke"ompok mas)araka& $a( %a&asa( .i"a)ah &er&e(&'

# Ciri/ciri (orma sosia" 0 Dapa Dapa&& &er& &er&'" '"is is ma' ma'p' p'(( &i$a &i$akk &er&' &er&'"i "iss 0 Hasi" kesepaka&a( %ersama 0 Di&aa&i %ersama 0 agi agi pe"a pe"a(g (gga garr $i% $i%er erik ika( a( sa(k sa(ksi si 0 Me(ga"ami per'%aha(+ 2'(gsi Norma sosia" a+Me(ga&'r &i(gkah "ak' mas)araka& agar ses'ai $e(ga( (i"ai )a(g %er"ak' %+ Me(cip&aka( ke&er&i%a( $a( kea$i"a( %agi mas)araka& c+Mem%a(&' me(capai &'-'a( %ersama mas)araka& $+Me(-a$i $asar '(&'k mem%eri sa(ksi kepa$a )a(g me"a(ggar (orma+

Tingkatan norma sosial Cara (usage ) # Cara a$a"ah s'a&' %e(&'k per%'a&a( &er&e(&' )a(g $i"ak'ka( i($i*i$' $a"am s'a&' mas)araka& &e&api &i$ak secara &er's/ me(er's+ # Co(&oh # Kebiasaan (Folkways ) # Ke%iasaa( mer'paka( s'a&' %e(&'k per%'a&a( %er'"a(g/'"a(g $e(ga( %e(&'k )a(g sama )a(g $i"ak'ka( secara sa$ar $a( memp'()ai &'-'a(/&'-'a( -e"as $a( $ia(ggap %aik $a( %e(ar+ # Co(&oh

Tata kelakuan (Mores ) # Ta&a ke"ak'a( a$a"ah sek'mp'"a( per%'a&a( )a(g me(cermi(ka( si3a&/si3a& hi$'p $ari seke"ompok ma('sia  )a(g $i"ak'ka( secara sa$ar g'(a me"aksa(aka( pe(ga.asa( o"eh seke"ompok mas)araka& &erha$ap a(ggo&a/a(ggo&a()a+ Da"am &a&a ke"ak'a( &er$apa& '(s'r memaksa a&a' me"ara(g s'a&' per%'a&a(+ # Co(&oh Adat istiadat (Custom ) # A$a& is&ia$a& a$a"ah k'mp'"a( &a&a ke"ak'a( )a(g pa"i(g &i(ggi ke$'$'ka(()a kare(a %ersi3a& keka" $a( &eri(&egrasi sa(ga& k'a& &erha$ap mas)araka& )a(g memi"iki()a+

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Norma agama Norma agama %erasa" $ari T'ha(4 pe"a(ggara(()a $ise%'& $osa  Norma agama a$a"ah pera&'ra( sosia" )a(g si3a&()a m'&"ak se%agaima(a pe(a3sira(()a $a( &i$ak $apa& $i&a.ar/&a.ar a&a' $i'%ah 'k'ra(()a kare(a %erasa" $ari T'ha(+ Co(&oh Me"ak'ka( sem%ah)a(g kepa$a T'ha(4 &i$ak %er%oho(g4 &i$ak %o"eh me(c'ri4 $a( "ai( se%agai()a+ Norma kesusilaan Norma kes'si"aa( a$a"ah pera&'ra( sosia" )a(g %erasa" $ari ha&i ('ra(i )a(g me(ghasi"ka( akh"ak4 sehi(gga seseora(g $apa& mem%e$aka( apa )a(g $ia(ggap %aik $a( apa p'"a )a(g $ia(ggap %'r'k+ Pe"a(ggara( &erha$ap (orma i(i %eraki%a& sa(ksi pe(g'ci"a( secara 3isik 5$ipe(-ara4 $i'sir6 a&a'p'( %a&i( 5$i-a'hi6+ Co(&oh +

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Norma kesopanan Norma kesopa(a( a$a"ah pera&'ra( sosia" )a(g me(garah pa$a ha"/ha" )a(g %erke(aa( $e(ga( %agaima(a seseora(g har's %er&i(gkah "ak' )a(g .a-ar $a"am kehi$'pa( %ermas)araka&+ Co(&oh Norma kebiasaan Norma ke%iasaa( a$a"ah sek'mp'"a( pera&'ra( sosia" )a(g %erisi pe&'(-'k a&a' pera&'ra( )a(g $i%'a& secara sa$ar a&a' &i$ak &e(&a(g peri"ak' )a(g $i'"a(g/'"a(g sehi(gga peri"ak' &erse%'& me(-a$i ke%iasaa( i($i*i$'+ Pe"a(ggara( &erha$ap (orma i(i %eraki%a& ce"aa(4 kri&ik4 sampai pe(g'ci"a( secara %a&i(+ Co(&oh Kode etik Ko$e e&ik a$a"ah &a&a(a( e&ika )a(g $isepaka&i o"eh s'a&' ke"ompok mas)araka& &er&e(&'+ Co(&oh ko$e e&ik -'r(a"is&ik4 ko$e e&ik per.ira4 ko$e e&ik ke$ok&era(+

# Da"am kas's i(i )a(g me(-a$i (orma sosia" a$a"ah pera&'ra( 5UU4SK $""6  )a(g $i%'a& o"eh pemeri(&ah $aerah misa"()a Keme(&ria( Li(gk'(ga( Hi$'p $a( g'%er('r 7a.a ara& &e(&a(g pers)ara&a( %er$iri()a TPA agar &i$ak mer'gika( .arga $i seki&ar()a+

 LO 8 !M Ti($aka( Sosia" # Ti($aka( sosia" a$a"ah cara %agaima(a seseora(g a&a' mas)araka& me(gekspresika( $a( me.'-'$ka( peri"ak'()a pa$a ke%ersamaa( kehi$'pa(()a $e(ga( ora(g "ai(+ # Ti($aka( sosia" a$a"ah &i($aka( seora(g i($i*i$' )a(g $apa& mempe(gar'hi i($i*i$' 0i($i*i$' "ai(()a $a"am mas)araka&+

# 7e(is 0-e(is &i($aka( sosia" # 1+Rasio(a" I(s&r'me( # Ti($aka( sosia" )a(g $i"ak'ka( %er$asarka( per&im%a(ga( )a(g %erh'%'(ga( $e(ga( &i($aka( $a( ke&erse$iaa( a"a&+ # 8+Rasio(a"i&as )a(g %erorie(&asi Ni"ai # Ti($aka( sosia" )a(g %ersi3a& rasio(a" $a( memperhi&'(gka( ma(3aa&()a $a( &i$ak &er"a"' meme(&i(gka( &'-'a( )a(g $icapai+

# !+Ti($aka( Tra$isio(a" Ti($aka( sosia" )a(g $i"ak'ka( %er$asarka( ke%iasaa( &'r'( &em'r'(+Ti($aka( &erse%'& $i"ak'ka( &a(pa mem%'a& pere(ca(aa(+ 9+Ti($aka( A3ek&i3 Ti($aka( sosia" )a(g $i"ak'ka( $e(ga( me(g'&amaka( perasaa( :emosi &a(pa pere(ca(aa(  )a(g sa$ar4)a(g %ersi3a& spo(&a(+

# Ti($aka( sosia" $a"am kas's i(i a$a"ah .arga memi(&a agar LH Ko&a Depok '(&'k me(g'-i k'a"i&as air )a(g $i$'ga &e"ah &ercemar i&' ke "a%ora&ori'm )a(g $i&'(-'k o"eh Keme(&ria( Li(gk'(ga( Hi$'p $a( ;'%er('r 7a.a ara&+

 LO !! M e(&'k Pe"a(ggara( Sosia"

# Da"am kas's i(i )a(g &ermas'k pe"a(ggara( (orma sosia" a$a"ah pe(cemara( )a(g $iaki%a&ka( o"eh a$a()a TPA kare(a &i$ak mema&'hi (orma )a(g $i%'a& o"eh pemeri(&ah $aerah $"" sehi(gga me(cemari air s'm'r  )a(g $ig'(aka( $a( mer'gika( pe($'$'k

LO 9 ! M Ta&a(a( Mas)araka& # Ta&a(a( mas)araka& a$a"ah orga(isasi a&a' "em%aga )a(g $ia&'r o"eh (orma &er&e(&'+

# Da"am kas's i(i )a(g me(-a$i &a&a(a( mas)araka& a$a"ah "em%aga a"ai Li(gk'(ga( Hi$'p

LO < ! M S&r'k&'r Mas)araka& # S&r'k&'r mas)araka& a$a"ah s'a&' po"a  )a(g mem%e(&'k &a&a(a( mas)araka& $a( memi"iki h'%'(ga( &er&e(&'+ # S&r'k&'r mas)araka& mer'paka( s's'(a( '(s'r 0'(s'r )a(g pokok $a"am mas)araka&4)ai&' ke"ompok4ke"as sosia"4(i"ai $a( (orma sosia"4$a( "em%aga sosia"

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S&r'k&'r sosia" a$a"ah &a&a(a( a&a' s's'(a( sosia" )a(g mem%e(&'k ke"ompok/ke"ompok sosia" $a"am mas)araka&+ S's'(a(()a %isa *er&ika" a&a' hori=o(&a"+ Para ah"i sosio"ogi mer'm'ska( $e3i(isi s&r'k&'r sosia" se%agai %erik'&  ;eorge Simme" s&r'k&'r sosia" a$a"ah k'mp'"a( i($i*i$' ser&a po"a peri"ak'()a+  ;eorge C+ Homa(s s&r'k&'r sosia" mer'paka( ha" )a(g memi"iki h'%'(ga( era& $e(ga( peri"ak' sosia" $asar $a"am kehi$'pa( sehari/hari+  Wi""iam Kor(%"'m s&r'k&'r sosia" a$a"ah s's'(a( )a(g $apa& &er-a$i kare(a a$a()a pe(g'"a(ga( po"a peri"ak' '($i*i$'+  Soer-o(o Soeka(&o s&r'k&'r sosia" a$a"ah h'%'(ga( &im%a" %a"ik a(&ara posisi/posisi $a( pera(a(/pera(a( sosia"+

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Ciri/ciri S&r'k&'r Sosia" 1+ M'(c'" pa$a ke"ompok mas)araka& S&r'k&'r sosia" ha()a %isa m'(c'" pa$a i($i*i$'/i($i*i$'  )a(g memi"iki s&a&'s $a( pera(+ S&a&'s $a( pera(a( masi(g/ masi(g i($i*i$' ha()a %isa &er%aca ke&ika mereka %era$a $a"am s'a&' se%'ah ke"ompok a&a' mas)araka&+ Pa$a se&iap sis&em sosia" &er$apa& macam/macam s&a&'s $a( pera( i($*i$'+ S&a&'s )a(g %er%e$a/%e$a i&' mer'paka( pe(cermi(a( hak $a( ke.a-i%a( )a(g %er%e$a p'"a+

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8+ erkai&a( era& $e(ga( ke%'$a)aa( Ke"ompok mas)araka& "ama ke"amaa( aka( mem%e(&'k s'a&' ke%'$a)aa(+ Se&iap ke%'$a)aa( memi"iki s&r'k&'r sosia"()a se($iri+ I($o(esia memp'()ai %a()ak $aerah $e(ga( ke%'$a)aa( )a(g %era(eka ragam+ Ha" i(i me()e%a%ka( %era(eka ragam s&r'k&'r sosia" )a(g &'m%'h $a( %erkem%a(g $i I($o(esia+ Ha"/ha" )a(g meme(gar'hi s&r'k&'r sosia" mas)araka& I($o(esia a$a"ah s%% a+ Kea$aa( geogra3is %+ Ma&a pe(caharia( c+ Pem%a(g'(a(

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!+ Dapa& %er'%ah $a( %erkem%a(g Mas)araka& &i$ak s&a&is kare(a &er$iri $ari k'mp'"a( i($i*i$'+ Mereka %isa %er'%ah $a( %erkem%a(g ses'ai $e(ga( &'(&'&a( =ama(+ Kare(a()a4 s&r'k&'r  )a(g $i%e(&'k o"eh mereka p'( %isa %er'%ah ses'ai $e(ga( perkem%a(ga( =ama(+

 2'(gsi S&r'k&'r Sosia" 1+ 2'(gsi I$e(&i&as S&r'k&'r sosia" %er3'(gsi se%agai pe(egas i$e(&i&as )a(g $imi"iki o"eh se%'ah ke"ompok+ Ke"ompok )a(g a(ggo&a()a memi"iki kesamaa( $a"am "a&ar %e"aka(g ras4 sosia"4 $a( %'$a)a aka( me(gem%a(gka( s&r'k&'r sosia"()a se($iri se%agai pem%e$a $ari ke"ompok "ai(()a+

8+ 2'(gsi Ko(&ro" Da"am kehi$'pa( %ermas)araka&4 se"a"' m'(c'" kece($er'(ga( $a"am $iri i($i*i$' '(&'k me"a(ggar (orma4 (i"ai4 a&a' pera&'ra( "ai(  )a(g %er"ak' $a"am mas)araka&+ i"a i($i*i$' &a$i me(gi(ga& pera(a( $a( s&a&'s )a(g $imi"iki()a $a"am s&r'k&'r sosia"4 kem'(gki(a( i($i*i$' &erse%'& aka( me(g'r'(gka( (ia&()a me"a(ggar a&'ra(+ Pe"a(ggara( a&'ra( aka( %erpo&e(si me(i%'"ka( ko(sek'e(si )a(g pahi&+ !+ 2'(gsi Pem%e"a-ara( I($i*i$' %e"a-ar $ari s&r'k&'r sosia" )a(g a$a $a"am mas)araka&()a+ Ha" i(i $im'(gki(ka( me(gi(ga& mas)araka& mer'paka( sa"ah sa&' &empa& %eri(&eraksi+ a()ak ha" )a(g %isa $ipe"a-ari $ari se%'ah s&r'k&'r sosia" mas)araka&4 m'"ai $ari sikap4 ke%iasaa(4 keperca)aa( $a( ke$isp"i(a(+

LO > ! M Sis&em Mas)araka& # Sis&em mas)araka& a$a"ah s'a&' po"a  )a(g %erasa" $ari &a&a(a( mas)araka& $a( &er$iri $ari %e%erapa e"eme( ser&a mem%e(&'k h'%'(ga( 5re"asi6  )a(g se$emikia( r'pa sehi(gga mem'(c'"ka( -e-ari(g:(e&.ork+

LO ? ! M SOLUSI # Dampak a$a()a TPA &erha$ap mas)araka& $i seki&ar()aPe()aki& ISPA4 ;as&ri&is4 Mia"gia4 A(emia4 I(3eksi k'"i&4 K'"i& a"ergi4 Asma4 Rhe'ma&ik4 Hiper&e(si4 $a( "ai(/"ai( mer' se"ama ka.asa( &erse%'&+

#  Aki%a& "ai( )a(g $apa& $i&im%'"ka( a$a()a TPA a$a"ah &er-a$i()a pe(cemara( air4 $ima(a ha" &erse%'& $apa& mempe(gar'hi k'a"i&as air &a(ah aki%a& "im%ah sampah )a(g aka( meresap ke &a(ah $a( aka( &erk'mp'"()a %er%agai macam pe()aki& $i seki&ar .i"a)ah pro)ek+ Po&e(si &ercemar()a air &a(ah o"eh "im%ah ! p'( &i$ak $apa& $ihi($ari4 aki%a& a$a()a "im%ah i($s&ri $a( "im%ah r'mah saki&+ Se$a(gka( aki%a& )a(g se"a(-'&()a $e(ga( a$a()a TPA &erse%'& a$a"ah &ercemar()a '$ara $iseki&ar TPA $e(ga( %a' )a(g &i$ak se$ap )a(g $apa& me(im%'"ka( %er%agai pe()aki& )a(g a(&ara()a a$a"ah TC

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3ak&or pe()e%a% secara i(&er(a" / mi(im()a kesa$ara( .arga '(&'k %er&a(gg'(g -a.a% &erha$ap permasa"aha( sampah $i "i(gk'(ga( r'mah &a(gga()a se($iri+ a()ak .arga )a(g merasa %ah.a $e(ga( mem%a)ar re&ri%'si sampah %erar&i &a(gg'(g -a.a% sampah me(-a$i &a(gg'(g -a.a% PD Ke%ersiha(+ 2ak&or i(&er(a" "ai( a$a"ah m'(c'"()a po"a pikir : para$igma )a(g sa"ah &e(&a(g sampah seper&i /Masa"ah sampah a$a"ah masa"ah keci" )a(g &i$ak per"' me($apa& priori&as perha&ia( /Sampah a$a"ah %ara(g )a(g &i$ak %erg'(a4 %'ka( se%agai s'm%er e(ergi : pe($apa&a( /2i"oso3i pe(ge"o"aa( sampah  $ik'mp'"ka( → $i&'(g → $i%'a(g $i &empa& akhir+

# 2ak&or i(&er(a" )a(g &i$ak ka"ah pe(&i(g()a a$a"ah masa"ah mi(im()a k'a"i&as SDM )a(g %eraki%a& 3a&a" pa$a %'r'k()a &ek(o"ogi pe(ge"o"aa( sampah  )a(g saa& i(i &er%'k&i s'$ah &i$ak "agi mamp' me(amp'(g k'a(&i&as sampah )a(g semaki( %esar+ Pe()e%a% '&ama()a a$a"ah se"ama i(i pe(ge"o"aa( sampah ce($er'(g me(gg'(aka( pe($eka&a( e($ o3 pipe so"'&io(4 %'ka( me(gac' pa$a pe($eka&a( s'm%er+

# 2ak&or pe()e%a% eks&er(a" 0 K'ra(g()a "aha( TPA )a(g hi(gga saa& i(i mema(g me(-a$i ke($a"a 'm'm %agi ko&a/ko&a %esar+ 0 A"asa( eks&er(a" "ai(()a a$a"ah aksi pe(o"aka( keras $ari .arga seki&ar TPA )a(g merasa sa(ga& $ir'gika( $e(ga( ke%era$aa( TPA $i .i"a)ah()a 0 &i$ak a$a()a AMDAL 5A(a"isis Dampak Li(gk'(ga(6 me"a"'i ka-ia( geo"ogi4 hi$rogeo"ogi4 &ra(spor&asi4 sosia"/eko(omi4 $a( "ai(/"ai( $ima(a $e(ga( &i$ak a$a()a AMDAL mem%'a& pemeri(&ah &i$ak $apa& mema(&a' perkem%a(ga( )a(g &er-a$i aki%a& ker'saka( "i(gk'(ga(+ )a(g me($'k'(g masa"ah AMDAL sehi(gga seri(gka"i ki&a &em'i TPA )a(g %era$a $i &empa& &i(ggi meskip'( s&r'k&'r &a(ah $i $aerah &erse%'& %ersi3a& "a%i"+

# pe(ge"o"aa( sampah $i TPA har's meme('hi pers)ara&a( se%agai %erik'& # Mema(3aa&ka( "aha( )a(g &er%a&as $e(ga( e3ek&i3 # Memi"ih &ek(o"ogi )a(g m'$ah4 $a( ama( &erha$ap "i(gk'(ga( # Memi"ih &ek(o"ogi )a(g mem%erika( pro$'k )a(g %isa $i-'a" $a( mem%erika( ma(3aa& se%esar/ %esar()a %agi mas)araka& # Pro$'k har's $apa& &er-'a" ha%is+

# Pe(go"aha( sampah $i TPA )a(g se%aik()a $i"ak'ka( # Tek(o"ogi "a($3i"" '(&'k pro$'ksi kompos $a( gas me&a( # Tek(o"ogi a(aero%ik kompos&i(g $ra(co '(&'k pro$'ksi gas me&a( $a( kompos # I(ci(era&or '(&'k mem%akar %aha( a(orga(ik )a(g &i$ak %erma(3aa& ser&a pe(geri(ga( kompos # U(i& pro$'ksi &e(aga "is&rik $ari gas me&a( # U(i& $rai(ase $a( pe(go"ah air "im%ah # U(i& pemasara( 5kompos4"is&rik4"im%ah "ak' -'a"6