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Snmwl ;= Unvn{nh) Jhvs{w`gh cnh Jhvsjswvj Lgtnhdnh

Okmglsjb Ughdnmn{nh =

Uncn nlaj{ snmwl jhj) nhcn koiga= `ghdaw{njlnh u{ovgv ug`kjnznnh inhdvwhd cnh ug`kjnznnh sjcnl inhdvwhd `ghznsnlnh bwhdvj cnh mghjv-mghjv unvn{nh lgtnhdnh `ghznsnlnh fj{j-fj{j cnh lgughsjhdnh jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh `ghznsnlnh mghjv-mghjv jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh kg{vg{sn cghdnh fohsoa jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh `ghznsnlnh mghjv-mghjv jhvsjswvj lgtnhdnh `ghznsnlnh ug{nsw{nh-ug{nsw{nh ug{nsw{nh-ug{nsw{nh lgtnhdnh vg{sn swmwnhhzn

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Cj @nin @ninzv zvjn jn)) vjvs vjvsg` g` lgtnh lgtnhdn dnh h sg{k sg{knan nandj dj lgunc lguncnn cwn jnjs jnjsw w unvn{nh lgtnhdnh cnh jhvsjswvj lgtnhdnh znhd `ghmninhlnh u{ovgv ugswln{nh

nhsn{n {n ujan ujanl l znhd znhd `gù `gùwh whzn znjj knhzn knhznl l cnhn cnhn jhvs{w` jhvs{w`gh gh lgtnhdn lgtnhdnh h nhsn vw{uiwv* cnh ujanl znhd `gùwhznj vgcjljs cnhn !cgbjfjs *( ! vw{uiwv *(

;(5(> Ug`kjnznnh Inhdvwhd cnh cnh Ug`kjnznnh Ug`kjnznnh Sjcnl Sjcnl Inhdvwhd n(

ncnina na u{ov u{ovgv gv ug{sw ug{swln ln{n {nh h koh nsnw nsnw vglw vglw{j {jsj sj Ug`kjnznnh Ug`kjnznnh inhdvwhd inhdvwhd ncni !jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh* nhsn{n ug`kg{j ujhmn`nh cghdnh ug`jhmn` vgfn{n inhdvwhd !{nmna >*( U{ovgv jhj nlnh kg{inlw kg{inlw cj unvn{nh unvn{nh lgtnhdnh cj `nhn ug`kg{j ujhmn` ujhmn` nlnh `g`kgij `g`kgij vglw{ vglw{js jsjj nsnw nsnw koh koh cn{j cn{j ug`j ug`jhm hmn` n` cnin cnin` ` unvn unvn{n {nh h lgtn lgtnhd hdnh nh snhu snhunn vgkn{ vgkn{nh nhd d o{nh o{nhd d ug{sghdnanh( Fohsoahzn) Nkw `g`kgij koh cn{j Nij cj unvn{nh lgtnhdnh( Ug{iw cjn`kji ug{ansjnh knantn ug{swln{nh tnhd swhnj KWLNH cjlghnij vgkndnj ug`kjnznnh inhdvwhd lg{nhn w{wvnh sg{vgkws ug{iw `gijuwsj jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh vgug{sj koh cnh vglw{jsj(

Ug`kjnznnh Inhdvwhd ‖ u{ovgv ug{swln{nh koh / vglw{jsj nhsn{n ug`kg{j ujhmn`nh cghdnh ug`jhmn` vgfn{n inhdvwhd

k(

Ug`kjnznnh sjcnl inhdvwhd ncnina u{ovgv ug{swln{nh koh nsnw vglw{jsj

nhsn{n ug`kg{j ujhmn` cghdnh ug`jhmn` vgfn{n sjcnl inhdvwhd !{nmna >*( U{ovgv jhj nlnh kg{inl kg{inlw w cj ug{nhs ug{nhsn{nn n{nnh/j h/jhvs hvsjsw jswvj vj lgtnhdn lgtnhdnh h cj `nhn `nhn ug`kg{ ug`kg{jj ujhmn` ujhmn` cnh ug`jhm ug`jhmn` n` kg{sg`w `giniwj ug{nhsn{nnh lgtnhdnh( Fohsoahzn) Nvaj~ `ghzjùnh cwjs cnin` knhl !ug{nh !ug{nhsn{ sn{nnh nnh lgtnhdn lgtnhdnh* h* cnh ujanl ujanl knhl knhl nlnh nlnh `g`kg{ `g`kg{jj ujhmn` ujhmn` cwjs cwjs sg{vgk sg{vgkws ws lguncn lguncn Na`nc( Cnin` lgncnnh jhj) Nvaj~ cnh Na`nc sjcnl kg{mwùn vnsw vn`n injh( Cnin` lgncnnh znhd injh) Nvaj~ `ghzjùnh `ghzjùnh cwjs cnin` knhl cnh ujanl knhl `g`kgij vglw{jsj
















3

Ug`kjnznnh sjcnl inhdvwhd

Ug`k Ug`kjn jn nnh Sjcn Sjcnl l Inh Inh vwh

Ug`kjnznnh inhdvwhd

Ug{nhsn{nnh/ Jhvsjswvj Lgtnhdnh

Ug`kg{j ujhmn` ‖ Ughnkwhd

Jvj {w`na Bj{`n ug{hjndnnh

Unvn{nh Lgtnhdn h

Ug`jhmn` ‖ Ug`kginhmn

Bj{`n ug{hjndnnh Lg{nmnnh

Lg{nmnnh

Jvj {w`na

O{nhd nvjhd

O{nhd nvjhd

Ug`kjnznnh Inhdvwhd










[nmna >= Ug`kjnznnh Inhdvwhd cnh Ug`kjnznnh Sjcnl Inhdvwhd

3










7

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UNVN[NH LGTNHDNH

Cgbjhjvj

Bwhdvj

Mghjv-mghjv

Vs{wlsw{

Unvn{nh Koh

Unvn{nh Vsol Lgfnj{nh whswl

@nliw`ns `giniwj

u{ovgv mwni kgij

an{dn

Unvn{nh Ug{swln{nh Nvjhd

Ug{swln{nh {jvjlo Unvn{nh ‑obbvao{g‚

nhsn{n ughmwni cnh g`kgij

Unvn{nh wsn`n

Unvn{nh swhnj

Unvn{nh ug{swln{nh

rv

rv

rv
















2

;(>(> Cgbjhjvj Cgbjhjvj Unvn{nh Unvn{nh Lgtnhdnh Lgtnhdnh

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Unvn{nh cj `nhn cnhn cjswln{lnh cn{juncn doiohdnh znhd `gùwhznj igkjanh cnhn ! vw{uiwv vw{uiwv* lguncn doiohdnh znhd `gùwhznj cnhn znhd vgcjljs !cgbjfjs *



Cnhn sg{vgkws cjlghnij vgkndnj nvgs kndj ug`kg{j ujhmn`nh cnh ijnkjijsj kndj ug`jhmn`



Sg{cnuns mwdn u{ovgv mwni kgij vglw{jsj) loòcjsj cnh nvgs uncn lov s{nhvnlvj znhd {ghcna(



Ug{nhnh unvn{nh lgtnhdnh ncnina nvnv kndj ug`knhdwhnh vgvgkwna hgdn{n



Unvn{nh lgtnhdnh wsn`n cj @ninzvjn ncnina vgug{sj unvn{nh koh) unvn{nh vsol) unvn{nh ug{swln{nh nvjhd cnh unvn{nh ‑obbvao{g‚(



Unvn{nh lgtnhdnh mwdn `g`njhlnh ug{nhnh cnin` u{ovgv ug`kjnznnh inhdvwhd !cj{gfs bjhnhfg*



Sg{cnuns ugikndnj vs{wlsw{ unvn{nh lgtnhdnh jnjsw unvn{nh awsnhd) glwjsj) tnhd) òcni) loòcjsj) sg{kjsnh) ug{swln{nh nvjhd) OSF) wsn`n cnh lgcwn(



Vgsjnu mghjv unvn{nh `g`njhlnh ug{nhnh `nvjhd-`nvjhd cnin` unvn{nh sg{vgkws(



Unvn{nh lgtnhdnh mwdn `gùwhznj kgkg{nun bwhdvj ughsjhd cnin` gloho`j •

`g`wcnalnh ug`jhcnanh cnhn nhsn{n cwn ujanl !hgdn{n*

•

`g`knhsw vgvgkwna hgdn{n whswl `ghdnsnvj `nvnina lgtnhdnh

Unvn{nh lgtnhdnh ‖ sgùns cnhn cjswln{lnh cn{juncn


















4

Unvn{nh lgtnhdnh `gùwhznj kgkg{nun bwhdvj jnjsw=j(

Lgfnj{nh

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Unvn{ Unvn{nh nh lgtn lgtnhdn hdnh h `g`k `g`kgl glni niln lnh h `gln `glnhj hjv` v`nn whswl whswl mwni mwni kgij kgij vglw{jsj cghdnh igkja fguns cnh `w{na



Vglw{js Vglw{jsjj znhd znhd cjmwni cjmwni kgij kgij cnin` cnin` unvn{n unvn{nh h lgtnhdn lgtnhdnh h kg{kghs kg{kghswl wl lgfnj{nh sjhddj cj `nhn jhcjrjcw koiga `ghmwni kgij vglw{jsj sg{vgkws cghdnh igkja fguns(



Cjvgknklnh lgfnj{nh sjhddj) vglw{jsj sg{vgkws mwdn koiga cjmwni kgij cghdnh igkja `w{na( jj(

@ghntn{lnh `nliw`ns ughsjhd

Unvn{nh Unvn{nh lgtnhdn lgtnhdnh h `g`kghn `g`kghn{ln {lnh h jhsg{n jhsg{nlvj lvj nhsn{n nhsn{n ughmwn ughmwnii cnh

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ug`kgij whswl `ghghswlnh an{dn sg{ancnu jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh znhd aghcnl cjmwni kgij( Cghd Cghdnh nh



ncnh ncnhzn zn

jhsg jhsg{n {nlv lvj) j)

`nli `nliw` w`ns ns

ughs ughsjh jhd d

sg{w sg{wsn sn`n `nhz hznn

`nliw`ns sghsnhd an{dn koiga cjswln{ nhsn{n ughmwni cnh ug`kgij( 

@nln) @nln) jn `g`w `g`wcn cnal alnh nh vgvg vgvgo{ o{nh nhd d jhcj jhcjrj rjcw cw whswl whswl `g`k `g`kwns wns lguwswvnh sg{ancnu mwni kgij jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh sg{vgkws kg{cnvn{lnh an{dn( jjj(



Ug{swln{nh {jvjlo

Cghdnh `glnhjv`n mwni kgij jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh) ughmwni cnh ug`kgij nlnh `ghwln{lnh {jvjlo nhsn{n vnsw vn`n injh(



Mjln) ughmwni `ghmwni jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh znhd kg{jvjlo) `nln {jvjlo jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh sg{vgkws cjswln{lnh lguncn ug`kgij(


















1

;(>(6 Gùns Mghjv Unvn{nh Lgtnhdnh Wsn`n n(

Unvn{nh Koh 

Unvn{nh jhj ughsjhd whswl nlsjrjsj gloho`j cj `nhn vzn{jlns cnh

lg{nmnnh `g`jhmn` whswl `g`kjnznj u{omgl `g{gln( 

Swmwnh wsn`n unvn{nh koh ncnina `ghmncj o{nhd ug{sghdnanh kndj

uginkw{ cnh ughzjùnh 

Unvn{nh koh cjunhsnw oiga Mntnsnhlwnvn Unvn{nh Koh Hnvjohni

!HK@F* 

Unvn{nh koh cj @ninzvjn sg{cj{j cn{juncn koh lg{nmnnh

!@SK)@DV* cnh koh lo{uo{ns nsnw vtnvsn !UCV* 

Lgcwn-cwn koh vglso{ ntn` cnh vglso{ vtnvsn sg{lnhcwhd cnin`

unvn{nh koh jhj jnjsw 77(7' cjvw`knhd oiga vglso{ ntn` cnh 37(7' uwin cjvw`knhd oiga vglso{ vtnvsn( 

Ugikndnj mghjv vglw{jsj awsnhd sg{cnuns cj unvn{nh koh vgug{sj koh

koiga cjswln{ !fohrg{sjkig kohc *) *) vglw{jsj cjvnhcn{ nvgs !nvvgs knflgc vgfw{jsjgv* cnh vgkndnjhzn( 

Unvn{nh koh mwdn `ghntn{lnh koh Jvin` cghdnh kg{cnvn{lnh

awlw` vzn{jna 

Fohsoahzn) Unvn{nh Koh [jhddjs cj @ninzvjn !lg{nmnnh* cnh

UIWV !vtnvsn*

















Snmwl ;= Unvn{nh) Jhvs{w`gh cnh Jhvsjswvj Lgtnhdnh 

:

Sgùns jhj mwdn cjlghnij vgkndnj sgùns mwni kgij vnan` oiga

uginkw{ 

Vgkghn{hzn) vnan` cnh vsol ncnina vn`n cj `nhn jn koiga

cjdwhnlnh vnijhd kg{dnhsj 

Vgvgo{nhd anhzn koiga `ginkw{ vsol `giniwj ug{swln{nh vsol cj

`nhn u{ovgv mwni kgij vsol nlnh kg{inlw cj kntna kgkg{nun ug{nsw{nh cnh whcnhd-whcnhd 

Sgùns ug{swln{nh vsol @ninzvjn cjlghnij vgkndnj Kw{vn @ninzvjn

Kg{anc !K@K* 

Sg{cnuns ghn` mghjv vsol vsol cj K@K jnjsw vsol kjnvn kjnvn !o{cjhn{z

*) vsol wsn`n ! u{gbg{ghsjni *) sg{kjsnh kohwv !kohwv jvvwg*) sg{kjsnh vsofl *) u{gbg{ghsjni vsofl *) anl !{jdasv jvvwg*) sg{kjsnh !cg{jrnsjrgv* cnh mn`jhnh !tn{{nhsv*

Unvn{nh vsol ‖ `g`knhsw o{nhd {n`nj whswl `ghcnuns ughcnunsnh injh cn{juncn uglgmnnh vgan{jnh `g{gln f(

Unvn{nh ug{swln{nh nvjhd 

Unvn{nh cj `nhn kg{inlw ug{swln{nh nhsn{n vnsw mghjv `nsn tnhd

cghdnh mghjv `nsn tnhd znhd injh( 

Lncn{ ug{swln{nh nvjhd ncnina an{dn vnsw mghjv `nsn tnhd znhd

cjhznsnlnh cnin` an{dn mghjv `nsn tnhd znhd injh


















Fohsoahzn) ug{hjndnnh BO[GQ



Fohsoa unvn{nh ug{swln{nh nvjhd) @nzknhl) AVKF(

Kw{vn @ninzvjn Kg{anc cjug{jhsna oiga Nlsn Ug{jhcwvs{jnh Vglw{jsj >:16 !Vgfw{jsz Jhcwvs{z Nfs >:16* cnh cjunhsnw oiga Vw{wanhmnzn Vglw{jsj !Vgfw{jsz Fo``jvvjoh* c(

>5

Unvn{nh Ug{swln{nh Nvjhd ‖ sgùns kg{inlw ug{swln{nh nhsn{n vnsw mghjv `nsn tnhd cghdnh mghjv `nsn tnhd znhd injh

Unvn{nh ‑obbvao{g‚ 

Unvn{nh ‑obbvao{g‚ ncnina lwùwinh vzn{jlns znhd cjjlsj{nb oiga

whcnhd-whcnhd vgkndnj vnsw ghsjsj znhd kg{nvjhd vg{sn cghdnh ijnkjijsj znhd sg{anc 

Unvn{nh jhj kg{hjndn cnin` s{nhvnlvj kwlnh {jhddjs cnh cghdnh

kwlnh ug`nvsnwsjh vnanmn 

Unvn{nh jhj kg{swmwnh whswl `gù{oòvjlnh ug`knhdwhnh

gloho`j cj Inkwnh cnh `ghjhdlnslnh ug`knhdwhnh @ninzvjn vgkndnj uwvns ug{hjndnnh( 

Unvn{nh jhj cj`jijlj ughwa oiga Kw{vn @ninzvjn Kg{anc



Inkwnh Obbvao{g Bjhnhfjni Vg{rjfgv Nwsao{jsz !IOBVN* ncnina

kncnh wsn`n kndj lgvg`wn vzn{jlns-vzn{jlns ‑obbvao{g‚ cj `nhn sg{cnuns >)255


















>>

Sg{cnuns cwn mghjv vglw{jsj awsnhd jnjsw vglw{jsj awsnhd ntn`

!@DV* cnh vglw{jsj awsnhd vtnvsn !UCV* 

Jhvs{w`gh awsnhd ncnina ug{mnhmjnh lohs{nl ug`jhmn` whswl

`g`knzn{ vnsw mwìna tnhd !lncn{ bngcna cnh hjinj `wln* uncn sn{jla sg{sghsw( 

Nij{nh swhnj jhvs{w`gh awsnhd ncnina sgsnu



Vwnsw lgig`nanh jhvs{w`gh awsnhd ncnina ujanl znhd

`ghg{kjslnh jhvs{w`gh awsnhd anhzn nlnh `ghg{j`n knzn{nh sgsnu vnanmn tninwuwh whswhd nsnw ughcnunsnh ug`jhmn` `ghjhdlns

Unvn{nh awsnhd ‖ unvn{nh `ghmwni kgij jhvs{w`gh awsnhd vgug{sj koh / dncnjnh

jj( jj( Unvn Unvn{n {nh h Glwj Glwjsj sj 

Unvn{nh glwjsj nsnw vsol ncnina swhswsnh cn{juncn ughcnunsnh

kg{vja cnh nvgs vgvgkwna ug{swkwanh / ug{hjndnnh vgug{sj vsol kjnvn 

Lgkjnvnnhhzn) glwjsj `g`kwns ug`knzn{nh uncn `nvn sg{sghsw

!cjrjcgh* lguncn ug`gdnhd vnan` cnh jn `g{wunlnh vglw{jsj mnhdln unhmnhd lg{nhn jn sjcnl `gùwhznj sn{jla `nsnhd 

Lgig`nanh glwjsj ncnina ug`gdnhd glwsj `g{wunlnh ughwhsws knlj

!{gvjcwni finj`nhs * jnjsw ug`gdnhd glwjsj anhzn nlnh `ghg{j`n swhswsnh



















Snmwl ;= Unvn{nh) Jhvs{w`gh cnh Jhvsjswvj Lgtnhdnh j(

>;

Unvn{nh Wsn`n 

Unvn{nh jhj ncnina vgknandjnh cn{juncn unvn{nh òcni



Unvn{nh znhd `ghg{kjslnh vglw{jsj kn{w cnh `ghmwni lguncn ujanl

ug{sn`n 

Jhvsj Jhvsjswv swvjj lgtnhdn lgtnhdnh h !knhl !knhl uginkw uginkw{nh* {nh* `g`knh `g`knhsw sw cnin` cnin` u{ovgv u{ovgv

ughmwninh vglw{jsj lguncn ug`kgij ug{sn`n 

Knhl Knhl ugink uginkw{ w{nh nh nlnh nlnh `ghn `ghnhdd hddwhd whd vglw vglw{j {jsj sj kn{w kn{w cj `nhn `nhn jn

`g`kgi `g`kgijj vglw{j vglw{jsj sj cn{j cn{j kncnh kncnh ughg{k ughg{kjs js vglw{j vglw{jsj sj cnh `ghmwn `ghmwnii lguncn lguncn o{nhd o{nhd ntn`( 

Knhl Knhl ugin uginkw kw{n {nh h `ghdg `ghdghn hnlnh lnh knzn knzn{n {nh h lgunc lguncnn ug{l ug{laj ajc` c`ns nsnh nh

sg{vgkws cnh mwdn nlnh `ghcnuns lgwhswhdnh cn{j ughmwninh sg{kjsnh znhd kg{an{dn sjhddj 

Fohsoahzn) Kw{vn Vnan` Lwnin Iwùw{

Unvn{nh wsn`n ‖




















Nhcn koiga `ghcnunslnh `nliw`ns inhmws sghsnhd unvn{nh lgcwn) Fndn`nv

>6

Unvn{nh lgcwn ‖ `ghmwni vg`win vglw{jsj znhd cjsg{kjslnh vgkgiw`hzn / vgcjn ncn cnin` unvn{nh lguncn ujanl lgcwn nsnw vgsg{wvhzn

Kg{anc cj in`nh tgk assu=//ttt(fndn`nv(fo`(`z/

f(

Unvn{nh Tnhd rv Unvn{nh @ocni j(

Unvn{nh Tnhd 

Unvn{nh cj `nhn anhzn jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh mnhdln ughcgl vnanmn

cjmwni kgij 

Jhvs{w`gh cnin` unvn{nh jhj cjmwni kgij cghdnh igkja w`w`

kg{knhcjhd unvn{nh òcni 

Jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh cnin` unvn{nh jhj igkja fnj{ cnh `gùwhznj

snanu ug{wknanh an{dn znhd {ghcna




















>3

Jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh awsnhd cnh glwjsj cjhjndnlnh cnin` unvn{nh

jhj 

Lgkjnvnnhhzn) jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh cnin` unvn{nh jhj kg{jvjlo

sjhddj vg{sn `g`kntn lgdndninh kgvn{ lguncn ug`gdnhd jhvs{w`gh sg{vgkws 

Sgsnuj) jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh unvn{nh òcni `g`kg{j uwinhdnh

znhd igkja sjhddj kg{knhcjhd unvn{nh tnhd 

Lgknhznlnh bj{`n `ghddwhnlnh unvn{nh òcni whswl

`ghcnunslnh cnhn kndj uginkw{nh mnhdln unhmnhd vgug{sj uginkw{nh cnin` nins) sglhoiodj cnh iomj jnjsw `g{gln `ghg{kjslnh koh cnh glwjsj whswl `g`kjnznj u{omgl cghdnh uwinhdnh mnhdln unhmnhd 

Fohsoahzn) @ninzvjnh Fghs{ni Cguovjsn{z !@FC* Unvn{nh òcni ‖ `ghmwni kgij jhvs{w`gh lgnhdnh mnhdln unhmnhd vnanmn

Jvin`jf Fnujsni Sg{cnuns unvn{nh òcni Jvin` ! Jvin`jf @n{lgs * cj @ninzvjn znhd cjswkwalnh lanv whswl




















>7

jj( Unvn{nh @giniwj Lnwhsg{ !OSF* 

Unvn{nh cj `nhn ughjndn cn{j iolnvj znhd kg{kg}n `ghmwni

kgij vglw{jsj `g{gln 

Jn mwdn vnsw vjvsg` ug{awkwhdnh loùwsg{ cj lninhdnh

ughjndn kg{kg}n znhd `nùw whswl `g`kgij nsnw `ghmwni jhrghso{j `g{gln( 

Kn{w-kg{w jhj) unvn{nh `giniwj lnwhsg{ vg`nljh `ghjhdlns(



Lgjnvnnhhzn) vnan` vzn{jlns lgfji cjhjndnlnh cnin`

unvn{nh jhj( Unvn{nh `giniwj lnwhsg{ ‖ ughjndn cn{j iolnvj znhd kg{kg}n `ghmwni kgij vglw{jsj `g{gln g(

Unvn{nh Swhnj rv Unvn{nh Sg{kjsnh




















>7

jj( Unvn{nh Sg{kjsnh  U{ovgv ug{hjndnnh znhd kg{inlw cj kntna kgkg{nun vzn{ns vzn{ns uncn `nvn

vgln{nhd `nhnlnin ug`knzn{nh cnh ughdanhsn{nh jhvs{w`gh sg{vgkws nlnh kg{inlw uncn sn{jla sg{sghsw `nvn cgunh 

Sg{kjsnh sg{`nvwl lgtnhdnh `nvn cgunh cnh ug`jijanh !ousjohv*



Lgtnhdnh `nvn cgunh `g{wunlnh ug`kgijnh vgvwnsw jhvs{w`gh

lgtnhdnh uncn sn{jla sg{sghsw `nvn cgunh cnh an{dn znhd cjsghswlnh uncn ntnihzn( 

Ug`jijanh ncnina lohs{nl znhd `g`kg{j anl lguncn ug`jijl whswl kgij

nsnw mwni nvvgs lgtnhdnh cnin` vwnsw mnhdln `nvn cnh uncn an{dn znhd cjsghswlnh( 

Fohsoahzn) @ninzvjn Cg{jrnsjrg Gqfanhdg !@CGQ*

Unvn{nh sg{kjsnh ‖ u{ovgv ug{hjndnnh znhd kg{inlw cj kntna kgkg{nun vzn{ns uncn `nvn






















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JHVS[W@GH LGTNHDNH

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>4

Cgbjhjvj Jhvs{w`gh Lgtnhdnh

Whswl `g`nan`j kndnj`nhn unvn{nh lgtnhdnh `ghmninhlnh ug{nhnh ughsjhd cnin` `ghzniw{lnh cnhn cn{juncn ug`kg{j ujhmn` nsnw ughnkwhd lguncn ug`jhmn` nsnw ughddwhn) ljsn ug{iw `ghdgsnawj vglw{jsj-vglw{jsj !jhvs{w`gh* znhd sg{cnuns cnin` unvn{nh lgtnhdnh(
























>1

Unvn{nh vglwhcg{ znhd vnhdns `g`knhdwh cj `nhn jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh

vghnhd cjmwnikgij) `ghzw`knhd lgfnj{nh( 

Jhvs{w Jhvs{w`gh `gh unvn{n unvn{nh h tnhd tnhd !mnhdl !mnhdlnn ughcgl* ughcgl* lanvhz lanvhznn cghdnh cghdnh an{dn an{dn znhd znhd

igkja igkja vsnkji vsnkji ncnina ncnina igkja igkja fnj{ fnj{ cn{jun cn{juncn cn jhvs{w jhvs{w`gh `gh unvn{n unvn{nh h òcni òcni !mnhdln !mnhdln unhmnhd*(

k(

[jvjlo !{jvl * 

[jvjlo cnin` jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh cjsg{kjslnh cn{juncn lgkn{nhdlnijnh cj






















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>:

Koh lo{uo{ns `gùwhznj {jvjlo ‑cgbnwis ‚ znhd igkja {ghcna kg{knhcjhd cghdnh glwjsj lo{uo{ns lg{nhn ug`gdnhd koh nlnh cjknzn{ bngcna vgkgiw` ug`gdnhd vnan` mjln `gùwhznj `nvnina lgtnhdnh(

jj

[jvjlo unvn{nh 

[jvjlo cj `nhn an{dn vgvwnsw jhvs{w`gh lgtnhdnh nlnh kg{wkna-wkna(






















;5

Whswl koh znhd cjkgij igkja {ghcna cn{juncn hjinj `wln) anvji

lguncn lg`nsnhdnh / lncn{ uwinhdnh uw{nsn whswl mnhdln anzns jhvs{w`gh `gigkjaj anvji vg`nvn( 

Whsw Whswl l koh koh znhd znhd cjkg cjkgij ij `gig `gigkj kjaj aj hjin hjinjj `wln `wln)) anvj anvjii lgun lguncn cn

lg`nsnhdnh ncnina igkja {ghcna cn{juncn anvji vg`nvn vg`nvn lg{nhn lg{wdjnh cnin` òcni uncn sgùoa `nsnhd c(

Awk wkw whdn hdnh Lgfnj fnj{nh) [jvj [jvjlo lo cnh Anvji nvji 

Anvji ‖ lncn{ uwinhdnh vgvwnsw nvgs

Uginkw{ uncn `winhzn nlnh `ghg{j`n vnsw anvji znhd igkja {ghcna cnin`
























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;6

Ug`gdnh Ug`gdnhd d vglw{j vglw{jsj sj nlnh `g`knz `g`knzn{ n{ mwìna mwìna znhd znhd cjsgsn cjsgsnulnh ulnh uncn sgùoa sgùoa `nsnhd cnh sjcnl cjlghnlnh knzn{nh bngcna(





















Snmwl ;= Unvn{nh) Jhvs{w`gh cnh Jhvsjswvj Lgtnhdnh vzn{jlns( 

Cjsntn{lnh oiga ug{kncnhnh vtnvsn znhd sgina `gùwhznj hn`n cnin` cwhjn lo{uo{nshzn(

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;7

ug{cndnhdnh) vzn{jlns-vzn{jlns) jhvsjswvj lgknmjlnh cnh mwdn ndghvj lgtnhdnh(

Vjmji cguovjs knhl ‖ vglw{jsj awsnhd znhd











































































































































































































































































































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