Basic Principle for OSH
1. HAZARDHAZARD- situasi situasi atau keadaan keadaan yang yang boleh boleh mendatangk mendatangkan an kemudarata kemudaratan* n* pada pada diri, harta benda dan alam sekitar 2. HIRARHIRAR- merupakan merupakan satu satu kaedah kaedah pengurusan pengurusan berisiko berisiko yang diguna digunakan kan untuk untuk mengurus ha!ard dan risiko ditempat ker"a. #. HI $ ha!ard ha!ard identi%i&atio identi%i&ation n 'satu (roses (roses pengenal pengenal pastiaan pastiaan ha!ard ha!ard melalui melalui kaedah kaedah yang yang terbaik yang telah saya pilih. 2 kaedah 1) alk through inspe&tion 2) re+ie $ semakkan semua seperti *A, /, /(* 0. RA $ risk assessment assessment - satu satu proses proses menilai menilai risiko ha!ard ha!ard yang yang telah saya kenal kenal pasti se&ara ualitati+e dan uantitati+e a) ualitati+e ualitati+e - merupakan merupakan aras aras risiko dihuraikan dihuraikan se&ara se&ara perkataan perkataan 1) *high* 2) *medium* #) *lo* b) uantitati+e - merupakan aras risiko dihuraikan se&ara number $ *matri3* 4. R $ risk &ontro &ontroll - satu proses proses penentuan penentuan langka langkah h kaalan kaalan risiko risiko ha!ard yang yang telah telah dinilai dengan berasakan *HIRAR* kaalan 5. ting tingka katt kaa kaala lan n a) eliminate b) substitute &) isolated d) engi engine neeri ering ng &ont &ontro roll e) admi admini nist strat rati+ i+ee &on &ontr trol ol %) p.p.e 6. risikorisiko- kombinasi kombinasi kebarangk kebarangkaliaan aliaan ha!ard ha!ard tersebut tersebut berlaku berlaku dengan dengan mengambil mengambil kira dengan keterukkan ditemui sekiranya terdedah.. BOWEC
1) 2) #) 0)
(eraturan (eraturan 24 - identi%y identi%y - re&ti%y re&ti%y - &orre&tin &orre&ting g - inspe&tio inspe&tion n - lies peraturan peraturan 25 - hanya hanya untuk untuk &ontra&tor &ontra&tor sa%ety sa%ety super+is super+isor or undang-und undang-undang ang sa%ety ada berapa7 berapa7 /HA 1880, 1880, 9A 1856, 1856, se&tio se&tion1 n14 4 ma ma"ik "ikan an))
a) tempat ker"a selamat tiada risiko ) b) system ker"a selamat &) maklumat, arahan, latihan, penyeliaan d) laluan yang selamat e) keba"ikan peker"a 4) se&tion 20 peker"a ) a) men"aga diri dan orang lain ditempat ker"a b) beker"asama dalam segala aspek keselamatan &) menggunakan p.p.e yang bersesuaian d ) mematuhi arahan yang tidak memudaratkan
5) 6) :) 8)
&onstru&tion - building operation ork o% engineering &onstru&tion e+erity- itu keterukan diterima sekiranya terdedah kepada ha!ard ;ikelihood- kebarangkalian berlakunga kemalangan di sebabkan ha!ard itu. a%ety Ha!ard- ha!ard sa%ety apa-apa pun&a yang boleh mendatangkan ke&ederaan atau lebih teruk eg < ter&u&uk besi, patah kaki, ter"atuh dari tempat tinggi.. 1=) >n+ironment Ha!ard- ha!ard en+ironment ialah apa2 yang boleh memudaratkan alam sekitar eg < tumpahan minyak atau terdedah kepada bahan kimia. 11) Health Ha!ard-ha!ard health yang mendatangkan kesan "angka pan"ang dan pendek pada kesihatan eg< terkena habuk, heat stroke, kekurangan oksigen beker"a dia ruang tertutup. 12) Apa be!a nya akta dengan undang27 Akta-dilulus kn dlm diparlimen, ?ndang-undang dilulus kan oleh menteri >@I->@I HAZARD 1) Ha!ard 9i!ikal erpun&a dari mesin dan peralatan yang digunakan. esuatu mesin dan peralatan dianggap merbahaya "ika < Direka tidak selamat dan tidak sempurnaBidak diselenggara dengan baikDigunakan oleh peker"a yang tidak terlatihDigunakan bukan untuk ker"a sebenar atau menggunakan peralatan yang tidak sesuaiDigunakan dalam keadaan yang berbe!aDitukar atau dipindah se&ara haram(eker"a tidak bersedia atau tidak menumpukan perhatian semasa beker"a. 2) Ha!ard Cimia Ialah ke&ederaan akibat sentuhan dan terhidu bahan kimia.ontohnya bahan-bahan kimia seperti asid, alkali, gas, pelarut, simen, getah sintetik, gentian ka&a dan pelekat. ahan-bahan kimia tersebut merbahaya dan perlu diambil langkah langkah keselamatan apabila mengendalinya.
#) Ha!ard iologikal Ialah peker"a yang terlibat dengan analisis spesimen biologi yang biasanya akan terdeah kepada "angkitan penyakitBahap bahaya adalah berbe!a mengikut <i%at semula-"adi dan kepekatan agen penyakit;aluan masuk agen penyakit ke dalam badanCetahanan peker"a yang terdedah.
0) Ha!ard >rgonomik- Ia berkaitan dengan ketidaksesuaian manusia dengan sekitaran ker"anya.Ia selalu dikaitkan dengan kesilapan atau kelemahan rekabentuk ke"uruteraan dan proses ker"a memenuhi keperluan %isiologi dan psikologi manusia.ontohnya peker"aan menaip dalam keadaan yang baik tidak ergonomik tetapi telah dibuktikan mampu mengakibatkan Bunnel arpel yndrome dan sakit belakang
Ehat I %ind amusing and sometimes disturbing is that hen &hallenged about their de%inition o% the ord FA9>G people in the a%ety (ro%ession o%ten stumble and stutter hen it &omes to pro+iding BH>IR de%inition. Alans arti&le prompted me to resurre&t this arti&le hi&h did generate some interesting dis&ussion a hile ba&k omeone asked me the other day< FEhat is a%etyG7 Damn good uestion.Bhey say it is &riti&al %or most people in de&iding here they go, hat they buy and hat they do, &ons&iously or un&ons&iously. ?ntil a &ouple o% years ago I ne+er really thought mu&h about it, I thought I as "ust doing it. Is it "ust Fit is hat it isG7 I% you &an this uestion ui&kly and su&&in&tly then I guess you really ha+ent thought mu&h about it eitherJ It is bound to be a di%%erent thing %or di%%erent people ' Its a bit like asking Fhat is ;o+eG7 I% you are a a%ety anager then hat are you managing i% it &ant be properly measured, understood or de%ined7 Are you managing things ha!ards), statisti&s, systems, &omplian&e, beha+iours, %eelings, %ailures, thoughts or per&eptions7 Is that a%ety7 I% you are a Zero Harm anager ' do you manage nothing7 Bhis arti&le by Dr Rob ;ong pro+ides some o% the ansers< a%ety should not be about a%ety, Rob says< I o%ten get &alled into organisations under some &on&ern about sa%ety, many see my ork as something about Kbeha+iors but that is not hat I am on about. ome think my riting is about sa%ety but its not, and some ant me to gi+e K%i3it type stories and illustrations on ho to impro+e sa%ety at ork, but I dont. an I "ust say this, i% your orld is "ust about sa%ety, then your orld is too small. Ehen I &ome in to organisations I o%ten start ith a range o% &onsultations, Kalk-arounds, obser+ations and preliminary training, then deli+er some ser+i&es or maybe a program and it doesnt take long be%ore someone ill &ome up to me and say< KRob, this is not "ust about sa%ety is it7 and hen that happens I kno e are starting to get somehere. a%ety shouldnt be about sa%ety, it should be about li+ing a nd learning. Ehen sa%ety is made into some bureau&rati&, legal or &lub e3er&ise, it has lost the plot. Bhis is hy I pre%er to talk mu&h more about risk than I do about sa%ety. Bhe moment you tell someone you are into sa%ety they think you are either the %un poli&e or some legal nerd ho lo+es &he&klists. I% sa%ety is some engineering e3er&ise o% shi%ting ob"e&ts to keep some system &lean, then I
think e ha+e lost the plot. I% sa%ety is about trying to memori!e se&tions o% the A&t so that e &an dominate and rule others, then e ha+e lost the plot. I% sa%ety is a poer trip so that e &an bully others to Kkeep them sa%e %or their on good, then e ha+e lost the plot. a%ety should be about none o% these things. Ehen e put learning %irst, people %irst, relationships %irst, respe&t %irst and li+ing %irst, then e might get to the heart o% sa%ety. Helen Celler on&e said something like< Fa%ety is mostly a superstition. It does not e3ist in nature, nor do the &hildren o% men as a hole e3perien&e it. A+oiding danger is no sa%er in the long run than outright e3posure. ;i%e is either a daring ad+enture, or nothing. omeone on&e said to me< Fa%ety is something that happens beteen your ears, not something you hold in your hands.G Is sa%ety something you do or part o% hat you do ' dri+e sa%ely, hat does that mean7 Is a%e something that you be ' I promise to be sa%e ' that ill sound good but hat does it really mean7 Is sa%ety something you take ' Bake sa%ety pre&autions, take sa%ety seriously7 Is sa%ety something you ensure ' >nsure the health and sa%ety o% others, ho do you do that, ho &an you guarantee it7 Is a%ety a pla&e you go to ' Bhe &hildren ere taken to sa%ety, is it really sa%e7 Is a%ety a more short-term or e3ternal physi&al thing as opposed to Health7 Is a%ety a real thing or do you "ust %eel it ' It looks sa%e, or does it %eel sa%e7 Is a%ety something you think or a&tually are ' Im orried about my sa%ety but am I really sa%e here7 Is a%ety something that "ust e3ists hen you arent in danger ' Bhe orkpla&e is sa%e be&ause it is ha!ard %ree7 Are a%ety and Danger things that are mutually e3&lusi+e or is prote&tion %rom danger &alled risk management ' I ha+e prote&tion so it ill be sa%e7 Is it something that is alays 1==L guaranteed as some Zero Harm proponents ould belie+e7 Ehat about hen something is &alled Fthe sa%estG or Fthe sa%est ayG ' is that a per&eption, has orked be%ore or based on %a&t and data or "ust lu&k7 Is a%ety 9irst, the @o1 (riority or should it be "ust part o% e+erything e do7 Bhe hourly orkers kno the truth about thatJ Is Zero Harm the ne or better term %or a%ety7 I hope notJ @o Im totally &on%usedJJJJJJJ •
eside o% knoledge 1. Ehat is sa%ety7 It is a &ondition hi&h gi+es you %reedom %rom ha!ard, risk, a&&ident hi&h may &ause in"ury, damage and loss to material or property damage and e+en death. 2. Ehat is a&&ident7 It is an une3pe&ted or unplanned e+ent hi&h may or may not result in in"ury or damage or property loss or death. #. Ehat is in"ury7 It is de%ined as a harm%ul &ondition sustained by the body as a result o% an a&&ident. 0. Ehat is ha!ard7 Inherent property o% a substan&e or an o&&urren&e hi&h has potential to &ause loss or damage property, person or en+ironment.
4. Ehat is risk7 In probability o% the reali!ation o% potential %or loss or damage or in"ury. 5. Ehat is in&ident7 It is an e+ent hi&h represents de+iation %rom the intended seuen&e o% designed steps. 6. Ehat is sa%ety poli&y7 Any &ompany has a so&ial and legal obligation to pro+ide a sa%e and health orking en+ironment to all his impro+ement to all his employees. :. Ehat is sa%ety audit7 Bhe sa%ety audit is the pro&ess that identi%ies un-sa%e &onditions and unsa%e a&ts the plant and re&ommended sa%ety impro+ement. Ealk through It e+aluates the unsa%e &ondition noti&e able to naked eye during ork through the plant. tores, &i+il ork, ere&tion ork) Inter mediate-more details study and re+ie o% plant design and plant operation. omprehensi+e 'It e+aluates the sa%ety %a&tors in the plant on the base engineering, analysis, testing, measurement. 8. Ehat is sa%ety tag7 a%ety tag &an be de%ined a sur%a&e made o% &ard board or paper board on hi&h >nglish lo&al languages letters ritten %or arning sa%ety instru&tions to employees. 1=. Ehat is sa%ety programme7 a%ety programme &an be de%ined as %i+e methods by hi&h a&&ident &an be pre+ent easily they are engineering, edu&ation, en%or&ement, enthusiasm and e3ample sa%ety programmes are plain spoken and &arry out &ertain legal steps. 11. Ehat is attitude7 Attitude may be des&ribed as & ontinuous beha+ior . i% mans beha+ior is good, then his a&tion ill be either &orre&t or sa%e. 12. Ehat is emergen&y planning7 >mergen&y planning &an de%ined as a &ontrol measurer. It &an &ontrol the a&&idents sa%e guard people and pro+ide in%ormation to media. 1#. Ehat is ork permit system7 Eork permit system is a F ritten do&umentsG %or permission to undertake a "ob by area in &harge or it is ritten do&ument issued by the area in &harge to the per%ormer to under take the spe&i%i& "ob. 10. Ehat is ork at height7 Any ork abo+e 2 meters %rom ground is &aused ork at height. 14. Ehat is &on%ined spa&e7 An area hi&h is small and en&losed or an area here one entry and e3its or here a man &annot ork &om%ortable in any lo&ation is &aused &on%ined spa&e. 15. Ehat is e3&a+ation7 arking a hole or tunnel by digging the ground by man or ma&hine is &alled e3&a+ation. 16. Ehat is s&a%%olding7 It is a temporary plat%orm &onstru&ted %or supporting both men and materials and orking sa%ety at a &onstru&tion site.
1:. Ehat is elding7 Bhe pro&ess o% "oining o% metals either by ele&tri&al or by gas is &alled elding. 18. Ehat is gas &utting7 Bhe pro&ess o% "oining o% &utting metals by using o3ygen and &ombustible gas is &alled gas &utting. 2=. Ehat is sand blasting7 Bhe pro&ess o% remo+ing rust dust, dirt, s&ales and old prints %rom the old sur%a&e using &ompressed air is &alled sand blasting. 21. Ehat is painting7 Bhe pro&ess a%ter sand blasting is &alled painting . 22. Ehat is ;>;7 Bhe minimum &on&entration o% +apour, gasses and dust in air belo hi&h propagation o% %lame does not o&&ur on &onta&t ith a sour&e o% ignition is &alled ;>;. 2#. Ehat is ?>;7 Bhe ma3imum proporation o% +apour, gasses and dust in air abo+e hi&h proposal the %lame does not o&&ur on &onta&t ith a sour&e o% ignition is &alled ?>;. 20. Ehat is manual handling7 Bhe pro&ess o% li%ting, &arrying and sta&king materials by men is &alled manual handing. 24. Ehat is house keeping7 House keeping means not only &leanness but also orderly arrangement o% operations, tools, euipments storage %a&ilities and suppliers. 25. Ehat is (ersonnal (rote&ti+e >uipment ((>)7 It is an euipments used to pro"e&t the person %rom ha!ards su&h dust, dirt, %umes and sparks et&. It is the barrier beteen ha!ard and person. 26. Ehat is grinding7 Mrinder is a portable ma&hine ith a heel guard in position to redu&ed the danger. 2:. Ehat is &rane7 A tall ma&hine used %or mo+ing hea+y ob"e&ts by suspending them %rom a pro"e&ting arm ith hook. 28. Ehat is %orkli%t tru&k7 9ork li%t tru&k are designed to handle hea+y loads. #=. Ehat is A7 Bhe pro&edure o% analy!ing "ob %or the spe&i%i& purpose o% %inding the ha!ards and de+eloping . #1. Ehat is duties o% a%ety /%%i&er7 •
(repare tool bo3 talk
•
(repare monthly statisti&s
•
(repare the &he&klist
•
A&&ident reports
•
anagement meetings
•
Arrange the sa%ety &lassesNtraining
•
Arrange monthly sa%ety bulletin
•
Inspe&tion o% %ire e3tinguisher
•
Arrange %irst aid training &lasses
•
Arrange sa%ety &ompetitions like ui!, slogan, poster &ompetitions e3hibitions et&.
#2. Ehat are the duties o% the super+isor7 • • • • • • • • • •
He has to instru&t this orkers about the ork methods and pro&edures aintain dis&ipline among the orkers upply ne&essary materials ontrol uality and &ost o% the "ob Muide the orkers in doing a "ob in the &orre&t and sa%e ay upply suitable ((> to orkers ondu&t periodi&al sa%ety meetings ondu&t sa%ety inspe&tion in orking areas Cno about the %ire e3tinguisher euipment Cno ho to in+estigate the a&&ident and %ind the &ause o% the a&&ident
##. Ehat are the pre-&aution %or elding7 1) Remo+e all &ombustion material %rom the pla&e o% elding 2) lear the ork area and &o+er ooden %loor ith
