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PEACE, ORDER AND GOOD GOVERNMENT – CHAPTER -17 RESIDUARY NATURE OF ----------------------------------------------------------------------------2
POWER-
GAP BRANCH HISTORY ON NATIONAL -------------------------------------------------------------3
CONCERN
BRANCH
PRESENT SITUATION:- Russell case
DEFINITION OF NATIONAL -----------------------------------------------------------4 1.
Nati!"i#$ i% i%&'ta!($
).
G$*'a&+i( Di Di%$!i!
.
P'i!(ia/ I!a0i/it T$t:
2.
Diti!(t!$ (unique not common in provinces)
CONCERN
3. NEWNESS -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 EMERGENCY BRANCH CONCLUSION4
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PEACE, ORDER AND GOOD GOVERNMENT - C+a&t$' -17 RESIDUARY NATURE OF POWER
Section 91 of Constitution ct! 1"#$ gives fe%era& par&iament t'e poer to mae &as for t'e *Peace! +r%er an% ,oo% ,overnment! t'e matters 'ic' %oesn.t come it' in t'e provincia& 'ea%s! i&& fa&& un%er t'e fe%era& poer/ 0n t'e %emocratic government it as %esigne% to create stronger centra& government/ ut section 92 (13) ‘Property and civil rights of the province’ an% 592(16) Matters merely of local and private nature in the province’ are t'e seeping 'ea%s of province! ecause most of t'e matters eing covere% un%er t'ese 'ea%s or it can e %escries as an actua& resi%uar poer in t'e 'an%s of t'e province/ O6C!!' R$&'t (1939) refuse% to agree it' t'e P+,, as a resi%uar poer! it as %escrie% in t'e report t'at enumerate% 'ea%s of fe%era& poer are mere& t'e eamp&es of t'e P+,,! t'e are &iste% for t'e greater certaint/
oever! 0 %isagree it' t'e vie of +.Conner report! m vie is simi&ar to P/ ogg t'at it is c&ear from t'e opening or%s of t'e of section 91 t'at enumerate% 'ea%s are not t'e eamp&es of t'e P+,,! ecause if t'ese topics are consi%ere% to e mere& eamp&es t'en t'e topics given un%er fe%era& poer (e/g/ 6ra%e an% Commerce! aning! i&& of ec'ange an% Promissor note! Coprig't! 7arriage an% 8ivorce) ou&% proa& fa&& un%er t'e section 92(13) Propert an% civi& rig't of t'e province/ 0t as t'e 'istorica& necessit of %escriing t'ese 'ea%s un%er t'e section 91! for &imiting t'e roa% scope of S/92(13)/ not'er reason for not agreeing it' t'e +.Conner report! ecause courts un%er t'e practice %o not consi%er t'e enumerate% 'ea% as mere& eamp&es/ 6'ese 'ea%s to e consi%ere% as ec&usive poer of centra& government/ GAP BRANCH
,ap ranc' covers t'ose cases an% &&s t'ose gaps 'ere a reference as ma%e to one aspect of suect matter an% t'ere is no mention of t'e ot'er
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aspect of t'e same suect matter/ ;n%er t'e P+,,! gap ranc' is t'e a to && t'e gap eteen t'e %istriution of poers eteen provincia& 'ea%s an% fe%era& 'ea%s! t'ere are t'e fe gaps in %istriuting t'e poers eteen an% province an% fe%era&/ e/g/ section 92(11) empoers t'e provincia& &egis&ature to mae &as in re&ation to incorporation of companies it' provincia& oect/
ationa& Concern ranc' %ene% in t'e %enition of P+,, t'at no %out some matters are &oca& an% provincia& in nature! 'ic' a?ects t'e 'o&e o% po&itic of %ominion/ ,reat caution must e oserve% Cana%ian Par&iament efore passing t'e &a an% t'e matter ceasing to e &oca& or provincia& an% ecome an% nationa& concern/
&t'oug' %ussell Case as ep&aine% in t'e #ocal Prohibition Case! ut t'e %ecision of local prohibition case as %i?erent from t'e %ussell case! court up'e&% t'e provincia& statute (@oca&-+ption 6emperance Sc'eme! 'ic' as simi&ar to fe%era& &a) un%er t'e propert an% t'e civi& rig'ts of t'e province S/ 92(13)/ 6'is time court a&so esta&is'e% t'e double aspect doctrine! 'ic' a&&os t'e ot' governments to enact t'e same &a in t'e same e&%/ Vi(:!t Ha/#a!$ came into t'e Priv Counci& in 1911 an% %ie% in 192"! un%er t'e tenure of Aiscount a&%ane Priv Counci& ignore% t'e >ationa& 8imension %ictum! an% insiste% on& t'e emergenc ranc' of t'e P+,, poer/ PRESENT SITUATION: Russell case as again c'a&&enge% in A.-. On%. V. &anaa Te*+e"ance Ac% 1;2<9 to arguments as presente%
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1. B'et'er t'e usse&& case as rong& %eci%e%D + ). 0f t'e %ussell Case as ase% on t'e emergenc! t'e a&&ege% emergenc of %runenness 'a% no passe% aa/
Court %i%n.t anser t'e questions an% Priv Counci& t'roug' Aiscount Simon refuse% to overru&e t'e usse&& case an% sai% it.s een #E ears an% case is rm& roote% in t'e Constitution on Cana%a an% 'e&% t'at usse&& as not %eci%e% on t'e asis of =mergenc an% P+,, is not on& conne% to emergencies/ &iscount Simon gave the ne' test : t'at t'e rea& suect matter goes eon% t'e &oca& an% provincia& interest an% ecome t'e concern of %ominion as 'o&e/ onannesson &) $est St) Paul (1952) S/C/ 'e&% t'at a$'!a:ti( satise% t'e nationa& concern test/ Munro &) *ational Capital Commission (+," ationa& Capita& region satise% t'e nationa& concern test/ %) &) Cro'n .ellerbach (+,//" S/C/ up'e&% t'e Fe%era& +cean 8umping ct an% %a'i!$ &//:ti! satise% t'e >ationa& concern test! ecause it e?ects t'e internationa& aters an% it is t'e matter of Cana%a as 'o&e/ 0ntario 1ydro &) 0ntario (+,,2" S/C/ up'e&% t'e fe%era& uris%iction over at%i( $!$'* un%er Fe%era& tomic =nerg Contro& ct un%er S/92(1E)(c) an% a&so t'e pro%uction! use an% app&ication of atomic energ is t'e matter of nationa& concern/
A9
DEFINITION OF NATIONAL CONCERN
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. P'i!(ia/ I!a0i/it T$t: Fai&ure of one province to tae preventive measures/ =/g/ 0n Munro case fai&ure of ationa& egion matter/ 2.
Diti!(t!$ (unique not common in provinces)
+n& %istinctness is not suGcient to satisf! ut provincia& inai&it test is require% t'e matter to e a%mitte% un%er t'e nationa& concern ranc' of P+,,! ot'erise t'e matter i&& fa&& un%er t'e provincia& poer of 92(13) or 92(1#)/ An%#-In,a%#!n Ree"ence (196) S/C/ up'e&% t'e fe%era& age an% price contro& un%er t'e =mergenc ranc' of P+,,/ ut 3eet4 ) %enie% on t'e nationa& concern ranc'! ecause ages an% price contro& is too roa% topic an% un%er t'e nationa& concern ranc' an% matter must e a *%istinct for passing un%er t'e nationa& concern ranc' / 6'is opinion as supporte% t'e maorit an% court up'e&% t'e fe%era& age an% price contro& un%er t'e emergenc ranc'/
3.
NEWNESS
6'e matters 'ic' %i% not eist %uring t'e confe%eration an% no t'e cannot e put &ae&e% un%er t'e provincia& or fe%era& poer an% t'e matter is c&ear& ne in nature! i&& e %ea&t as a ne pro&em an% comes un%er t'e P+,, poer of centra& government/ 0n The 5ueen &) 1auser(+,6," 8ue to t'e ne suect matter S/C/ 'e&% t'e fe%era& >arcotic Contro& ct as a va&i% eercise of P+,, poer/ @ater on in 7882 %) &) Malmo-#evine S/C/ 'e&% t'e possession of mari'uana as a va&i% &a poer of crimina& &a an% overru&e% t'e %ecision of auser case/ ecause t'e matter of %rugs ma a&so come un%er t'e crimina& poer of t'e Centra& government! at t'at time! fe%era& poer to prosecute un%er t'e crimina& &a as in %out! t'at.s ' t'e courts ten%enc to move t'e &as into anot'er categor/ C!(/:i! = !$"!$4 0t is conc&u%e% t'at neness is irre&evant an% un'e&pfu& in %etermining t'e content of resi%uar poer/
7atter &ie eronautics! tomic energ an% >ationa& Capita& region %oes not come it' in t'e an enumerate% 'ea%s of poer an% covere% un%er t'e P+,, poer/
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EMERGENCY BRANCH Vi(:!t Ha/#a!$ came into t'e priv counci& in 1911 an% %ie% in 192"! un%er t'e tenure of Aiscount a&%ane priv counci& ignore% t'e >ationa& 8imension %ictum! an% insiste% on& t'e emergenc ranc' of t'e P+,, poer/
0n Toronto 9lectric Commissioner &) Snider (+,7:" Priv Counci& t'roug' Aiscount a&%ane sai% t'at P+,, poer as avai&a&e on& in t'e *cases arising out of some etraor%inar peri& to t'e nationa& &ife of Cana%a! suc' as t'e cases arising out of a "a'/ Anti-;n
T$%&'a' (+a'a(t$' = /a" is t'e &imitation on t'e fe%era& emergenc poer/ Priv Counci& struc %on most of t'e ne %ea& &egis&ation %ue to t'e permanent nature of t'e ne %ea& measures/
Bar! ppre'en%e% insurrection! 0nHation! CONCLUSION4 0n or%er to c&assif t'e &a! one i&& 'ave a &oo at ec&usive &ists of 91 an% 92 an% t'en procee% to %i?erent ranc'es of P+,, (,ap! >ationa& an% =mergenc ranc')/
