Modul Analisis Bertopik Kimia Tingkatan 4 2017

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Modul Analisis Bertopik Kimia Tingkatan 4 Koleksi Soalan SPM 2016 & Percubaan SPM Negeri 2016

Modul Analisis Bertopik Kimia Tingkatan 4 SPM 2017

Disusun oleh: Mohd Fazdli Bin Mohd Nor SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, Johor

Nama

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Sekolah

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Kelas

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ToSMK Excel inPerdana, Chemistry ©Mohd Fazdli Bin Mohd Nor, Pesisiran Tangkak

is to Love Chemistry SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

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The Structure of Atoms  Chemical Formula and Equations  Periodic Table of Elements  Chemical Bonds  Electrochemistry  Acid and Bases  Salts  Manufactured Substances in Industry 

3-16 …16-29 …29-42 …42-45 …45-52 …52-69 …69-77 …77-86 …

Terima kasih kepada semua guru guru Kimia Tulen Malaysia yang sudi berkongsi bahan bahan untuk kejayaan pelajar kita. TQVM

©Mohd Fazdli Bin Mohd Nor, SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak

SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

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Chapter 2 : The Structure of The Atom

[JUJ Pahang 2016, No 1] 1.

(a)

Naphthalene is also known as moth ball which is used to get rid of the cockroaches. After a few hours, the moth ball is put into the kitchen cabinet, it is found that the cockroaches did not enter the cabinet because the cabinet had been filled with the moth ball odour. Naftalena juga dikenali sebagai ubat gegat yang digunakan untuk menghalau lipas. Selepas beberapa jam ubat gegat diletakkan dalam kabinet dapur, di dapati lipas tidak memasuki kabinet tersebut kerana kabinet telah dipenuhi dengan bau ubat gegat. (i)

State the name of the process occurs. Nyatakan nama proses yang berlaku. ................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Explain your answer in (a)(i) by using kinetic theory of matter. Terangkan jawapan anda di (a)(i) dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... [3 marks]

(b)

Diagram 1.1 shows the apparatus set-up of an experiment to determine the melting point of naphthalene and Diagram 1.2 shows the heating curve of solid naphthalene. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk menentukan takat lebur naftalena dan Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan lengkung pemanasan bagi pepejal naftalena.

Termometer Termometer Naphthalene Naftalena

Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1


Diagram 1.2 Rajah 1.2

SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

4 (i)


Based on Diagram 1.1, why naphthalene is heated using water bath? Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, mengapakah naftalena di panaskan dengan menggunakan kukus air? ....................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Show on Diagram 1.2 how to determine the melting point of naphthalene. Tunjukkan di atas Rajah 1.2 bagaimana untuk menentukan takat lebur bagi naftalena. [1 mark]

(iii)

Why the temperature does not change from Q to R? Mengapakah suhu tidak berubah dari Q ke R? ................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(iv)

State the changes in the movement of particles from R to S. Nyatakan perubahan pergerakan zarah-zarah daripada R ke S. ................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(v)

Draw the particles arrangement of naphthalene at RS. Lukis susunan zarah bagi naftalena pada RS.

[1 mark] [1 markah]


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

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[Pahang 2016, No 1] 1.

Diagram 1.1 shows Pn Aminah is frying chicken in the kitchen while Ali and his father are at the living room. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan Pn Aminah sedang menggoreng ayam di dapur, manakala Ali dan ayahnya berada di ruang tamu.

Diagram 1.1/ Rajah 1.1

(a) (i) The smell of fried chicken spreads to the living room. Name the process that occured.

Bau ayam goreng merebak hingga ke ruang tamu. Namakan proses yang berlaku.

............................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Explain your answer in a(i) by using kinetic theory of matter.

Terangkan jawapan anda di a(i) dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................. [3 marks]


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

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Diagram 1.2 shows the heating curve for solid naphthalene. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan lengkung pemanasan bagi pepejal naftalena. Temperature/0C Suhu /0C D

B

C

A

Time/s Masa/s Diagram 1.2/Rajah 1.2 (i)

On the graph above, show and label the melting point of naphthalene. Pada graf di atas, tunjuk dan labelkan takat lebur naftalena. [1 mark]

(ii) Draw the arrangement of particles of naphthalene at AB and CD

Lukis susunan zarah naftalena pada AB dan CD.

AB

CD [2 marks]

(iii) Explain why the temperature remains constant from B to C.

Terangkan mengapa suhu tidak berubah dari B ke C. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [2 marks]


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

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[Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 2(d)] (d)

Diagram 2.1 shows a portion of the Periodic Table of Elements. The letters listed below are not the actual symbols of the elements. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. Huruf yang disenaraikan di bawah bukan simbol yang sebenar bagi unsur-unsur . 1

2

13

14

15

16

17

1

Z

2 3

18

X V

W

Y

4 Diagram 2.1/Rajah 2.1 Diagram 2.2 shows the structure of an atom of one of the element in Diagram 2.1. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi salah satu unsur dalam Rajah 2.1. x

x x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Diagram 2.2/Rajah 2.2 (i)

Table 2 shows the guide for structure in Diagram 2.2. Jadual 2 menunjukkan petunjuk bagi struktur atom dalam Rajah2.2.

Subatomic particle Zarah subatom

Name of subatomic particle Nama zarah subatom

x

Electron Elektron

Table 2/ Jadual 2 Complete Table 2. Lengkapkan Jadual 2. [2 marks]


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

8 (ii)

(iii)


Which element in Diagram 2.1 has the structure of atom as in Diagram 2.2? Dengan menggunakan huruf dalam Rajah 2.1, unsur manakah mempunyai struktur atom seperti dalam Rajah 2.2? ........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] Element stated in (d)(ii) is has an isotope. State the function of the isotope. Unsur yang dinyatakan di(d)(ii) mempunyai satu isotop. Nyatakan fungsi isotop itu. ........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

[Final Year Exam SBP Form 4 2016, No 1]

1 (a) Table 1 shows the number of protons and neutrons for atom P and atom Q. Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan neutron bagi atomP dan atom Q.

Atom

Number of protons Bilangan proton

Number of neutrons Bilangan neutron

P

11

12

Q

8

10

Table 1/Jadual 1 (i)

State the term for ‘the total number of protons and neutrons’ in an atom? Nyatakan istilah bagi ‘jumlah bilangan proton dan neutron’ dalam satu atom? .................................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark / markah]

(ii)

Draw the atomic structure of P. Lukiskan struktur atom P.

[ 2 marks / markah] (iii)

A

Write the symbol of P in the form of Z Y .

Tuliskan simbol P dalam bentuk

A Z

Y

.

.................................................................................................................................. [1 mark / markah]


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

9 (b)

(i)


Atom R is an isotope of atom Q. State the number of protons in atom R. Atom R ialah isotop bagi atom Q. Nyatakan bilangan proton dalam atom R . .................................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark / markah]

(ii)

Atom Q and R shows the same chemical properties. State one reason. Atom Q dan R menunjukkan sifat kimia yang sama. Nyatakan satu sebab. .................................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark / markah]

(c)

(i)

Element Q is a compound with boiling point of –34.0 oC. Predict the physical state of element Q at room temperature. Unsur Q ialah satu sebatian dengan takat didih – 34.0 oC. Ramalkan keadaan fizik unsur Q pada suhu bilik. .................................................................................................................................. [ 1 mark / markah]

(ii)

Based on the kinetic theory of matter, describe the arrangement and movement of particles of element Q at room temperature Berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim, huraikan susunan dan pergerakan zarah bagi unsur Q pada suhu bilik. Arrangement of particles : ...................................................................................... Susunan zarah Movement of particles :......................................................................................... Pergerakan zarah [ 2 marks / markah]

[SBP 2016, No 1] (1) Table 1 shows the number of proton and the number of neutron of atoms Y and Z Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron bagi atom Y dan Z. Atom Atom Y Z

Number of proton

Bilangan proton 17 20

Number of neutron Bilangan neutron 18 20

Table 1/ Jadual 1 Based on Table 1: Berdasarkan Jadual 1:


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

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Write the electron arrangement of atom Y. Tulis susunan elektron bagi atomY.

(i)

…………………………………………………………...………………………………………….. [1 mark] (ii)

State the period of atom Y in the Periodic Table of Element. Nyatakan kala bagi atom Y dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. ……………………………………………………………………………………..……………….. [1 mark]

(iii)

Give one reason for your answer in 1(a)(ii). Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan anda dalam 1(a)(ii). …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(iv)

Write the formula of Z ion. Tuliskan formula bagi ionZ. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(v)

State the nucleon number of atom Z. Nyatakan nombor nukleon atom Z. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

b)

Pineapple is a tropical plant which consists of many nutrients such as niacin or vitamin B3. Nenas adalah sejenis tanaman tropika yang mengandungi banyak nutrient seperti niasin atau vitamin B3. Diagram 1 shows a picture pineapple and the enlargement of the structural formula of niacin in a pineapple. Rajah 1 menunjukkan pembesaran struktur formula bagi niasin yang terdapat dalam nenas.

Diagram 1/ Rajah 1


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

11 (i)


What is the molecular formula of niacin? Apakah formula molekul bagi niasin? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(ii)

State the type of particle in niacin. Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam niasin. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(iii)

10.0 of pineapple it consists of Mass: 5.0 g of niacin. What is the number of mole of niacin in 10 kg ofkg pineapple? [Relative Atomic H=1, C=12, O=16, N=14] 10.0 kg nenas mengandungi 5.0 g niasin. Berapakah bilangan mol niasin dalam 10 kg nenas? [Jisim Atom Relatif: H=1, C=12, O=16, N=14]

[2 marks]

[MRSM 2016, No 1] 1

(a)

Diagram 1.1 shows the atomic structure of element T. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi unsur T.

Diagram 1.1/ Rajah 1.1 Based on Diagram 1.1; Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1; (i)

identify W. kenalpasti W. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(ii)

state the number of proton in element T. nyatakan bilangan proton bagi unsur T. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

12 (iii)


write the electron arrangement for element T. tulis susunan elektron bagi unsur T. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(b)

(i)

Element T has a melting point of 180.5°C. Predict the physical state of element T at room temperature. Unsur T mempunyai takat lebur 180.5°C. Ramalkan keadaan fizikal bagi unsur T pada suhu bilik. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(ii)

Based on the kinetic theory of matter, describe the arrangement and movement of particles of element T at room temperature. Berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim, huraikan susunan dan pergerakan zarah bagi unsur T pada suhu bilik. Arrangement of particles:………….………….…………………………………………….. Susunan zarah : Movement of particles: ………….………….……………………………………………….. Pergerakan zarah: [2 marks]

(c)

Diagram 1.2 shows the graph of temperature against time when liquid acetamide is cooled. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila cecair asetamida disejukkan.

Diagram 1.2/ Rajah 1.2 Based on Diagram 1.2; Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2; (i)

determine the freezing point of acetamide. tentukan takat beku bagi asetamida. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

13 (ii)


the temperature of acetamide did not change from B to C. Explain why? suhu asetamida tiduk berubah dari B ke C. Terangkan mengapa? ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

[Perlis 2016, No 2] 2

Table 2 shows the number of proton and the number of neutron in atom R, S and T. Jadual 2 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron dalam atom R, S dan T. Atom Atom

Number of proton Bilangan proton

Number of neutron Bilangan neutron

R

11

12

S

11

13

T

12

12

Table 2/ Jadual 2 (a)

State three subatomic particles of an atom. Nyatakan tiga zarah sub atom. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(b)

(i)

What is meant by isotope? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop? ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Which atoms are isotopes? Atom-atom yang manakah merupakan isotop? ..................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(iii)

State the radioisotope that is used to treat cancer diseases. Nyatakan radioisotop yang digunakan untuk merawat penyakit kanser. ..................................................................................................................... [1 mark]


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

14 (c)

(i)


Write the electron arrangement of atom R. Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom R. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii)

What is valence electron of atom R? Apakah elektron valens bagi atom R? .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark] 

(d)

Write the symbol for atom S in the form of .

Tuliskan simbol bagi atom S dalam bentuk

 

.

........................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (e)

(i)

Draw the electron arrangement of atom T. Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi atom T.

[1 mark] (ii)

State the position of element of atom T in the Periodic Table of Element. Nyatakan kedudukan unsur bagi atom T dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 2] 2. (a) Table 2.1 shows the number of protons and number of neutrons for atoms A, B, C, D and E. Jadual 2.1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron bagi atom A, B, C, D, dan E. Atom Atom A B C D E

Number of protons Bilangan proton 8 9 8 10 8 2.1 Table 2.1/Jadual

Number of neutrons Bilangan neutron 8 10 9 10 10

Based on Table 2.1: Berdasarkan Jadual 2.1:


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

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(i) What is the meaning of isotope? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(ii)

Which atoms are isotopes? Atom-atom manakah adalah isotop? …………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(iii)

Determine the nucleon number of atom C. Tentukan nombor nukleon bagi atom C. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..…… [1 mark]

(iv)

Write the electron arrangement for atom D. Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom D. ………………………………………………………………………………………….……… [1 mark]

(b) Table 2.2 shows the melting point and boiling point of lead(II) bromide. Jadual 2.2 menunjukkan takat lebur dan takat didih bagi plumbum(II) bromida. Melting point o  373 C Takat lebur Boiling point o  916 C Takat didih Table 2.2/Jadual 2.2 (i) State the types of particles in lead(II) bromide. Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terkandung dalam plumbum(II) bromida. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (ii) Sketch the graph temperature against time iflead(II) bromide is cooled from500oC to room temperature. Lakarkan graf suhu melawan masa sekiranya plumbum(II) bromida disejukkan daripada 500 oC ke suhu bilik.

[2 marks]


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

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(iii) What is the state of matter of lead(II) bromide at 500oC? Apakah keadaan jirim plumbum(II) bromida pada suhu 500 oC? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (iv) Draw the arrangement of particles in b(iii). Lukis susunan zarah dalam (b)(iii).

[1 mark]

Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equation [Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 3]

3

(a)

Diagram 3 shows an educational TV program. Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu rancangan TV pendidikan. Chemists use unit of mol to measure the quantity of a substance. Ahli kimia menggunakan unit mol untuk menyukat kuantiti bahan.

Diagram 3/Rajah 3 (i)

What is the meaning of a mole? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan satu mol? ......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Calculate the numbers of particles in 0.01 mol of iron. [Avogadro constant = 6.02 X 1023 mol-1] Hitungkan bilangan zarah-zarah dalam 0.01 mol besi. [Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 X 1023 mol-1]

[1 mark] (b)

The equation below is not a balance chemical equation: Persamaan dibawah adalah bukan persamaan kimia yang seimbang:


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

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........Fe(s) + ........O2(g)  ........Fe2O3(s) Fe(p) + O2(g) Fe2O3(p) (i)

Balance the chemical equation above. Seimbangkan persamaan kimia di atas. [1 mark]

(ii)

Interpret the chemical equation qualitatively and quantitatively. Tafsirkan persamaan itu secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

(c)

Alkene E is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. E contains 85.7% of carbon, 14.3% of hydrogen, by mass, and the relative molecular mass of E is 42. [Relative atomic mass : H=1; C=12] Alkena E adalah suatu hidrokarbon tak tepu. E mengandungi 85.7% karbon,14.3% hidrogen mengikut jisim dan jisim molekul relatif bagiE ialah 42. [Jisim atom relatif : H=1 ; C=12] (i)

Determine the empirical formula of E. Tentukan formula empirik bagiE.

[3 marks] (ii)

Determine the molecular formula of E. Tentukan formula molekul bagiE.

[2 marks]


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

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[SPM 2016, No 3] 3

(a)

Green plant undergoes photosynthesis to produce glucose. The molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6. Tumbuhan hijau menjalankan fotosintesis untuk menghasilkan glukosa. Formula molekul bagi glukosa adalah C6H12O6. (i)

What is meant by molecular formula? Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan formula molekul? .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii)

Write the empirical formula for glucose C 6H12O6. Tulis formula empirik bagi glukosa C6H12O6. .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(iii)

The chemical equation for photosynthesis is as below. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Give three information that can be interpret from the chemical equation. Persamaan kimia bagi fotosintesis adalah seperti di bawah. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Berikan tiga maklumat yang dapat ditafsir daripada persamaan kimia itu. .................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. [3 marks]

(b)

An iron nail that is exposed to air and water to form rust, hydrated iron(III) oxide, Fe 2O3.H2O. Chemical equation for the reaction is as follows: Paku besi yang terdedah kepada udara dan air menghasilkan karat, Fe2O3.H2O. Persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas itu adalah seperti berikut:

X Fe + Y O2 + Z H2O  2 Fe2O3.H2O (i)

Balanced the chemical equation for the reaction by determine the value of X, Y and Z. Seimbangkan persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas itu dengan menentukan nilai X, Y dan Z. X : ........... Y : ........

Z: ........... [3 marks]

(ii)

State the number of moles of iron that is required to produce 1 mole hydrated iron(III) oxide.

Nyatakan bilangan mol ferum yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan 1 mol ferum(III) oksida terhidrat. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

19 (iii)


Calculate the relative formula mass of hydrated iron(III) oxide. [Relative atomic mass:H=1; O=16; Fe =56] Hitung jisim formula relatif bagi ferum(III) oksida terhidrat. [Jisim atom relatif: H=1; O=16; Fe =56]

[1 mark]

[Perlis 2016, No 3] 3

Diagram 3.1 shows the structural formulae of compound Q. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan formula struktur sebatian Q.

H

H

O

C

C

O

H

H

H

C

C

H

H

H

Diagram 3.1/Rajah 3.1 (a)

(i)

What is meant by molecular formulae? Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan formula molekul? ..................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Complete the table 3 below. Lengkapkan jadual 3 dibawah. Structural formula Formula struktur

H

H

O

C

C

H

O

H

H

C

C

H

H

H

Molecular formula Formula molekul

Empirical formula Formula empirik

……………....

………………..

[2 marks]


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

20 (iii)


The relative molecular mass of Mg3(XO4)2 ialah 262. What is the relative atomic mass of element X. [Relative atomic mass: Mg; 24, O; 16] Jisim molekul relative bagi Mg3(XO4)2 adalah 262. Apakah jisim atom relatif bagi elemen X. [Jisim atom relative : Mg;24, O; 16]

[2 marks]

(b)

Diagram 3.2 shows the apparatus set-up for the heating of copper (II) carbonate, CuCO3 powder. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi pemanasan serbuk kuprum (II) karbonat, CuCO3.

Copper (II) carbonate powder Serbuk kuprum (II) karbonat Heat Panaskan Lime water Air kapur

Diagram 3.2/ Rajah 3.2 (i)

State one observation of this experiment Nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini. ..................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Name the gas released in this experiment. Namakan gas yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen ini. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(iii)

Write a balanced equation for this reaction. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindakbalas ini. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

21 (iv)


6.4 g of cuprum (II) carbonate powder, CuCO 3 is heated during this experiment. Calculate the volume of gas released. 3 [Relative atomic mass:C=12; O=16;Cu=64; 1 mol gas occupies 24 dm at room temperature] 6.4g serbuk kuprum(II) karbonat, CuCO3 dipanaskan semasa eksperimen ini. Hitung isipadu gas yang dibebaskan. 3 [Jisim atom relatif:C=12; O=16;Cu=64; 1 mol gas occupies 24 dm pada suhu bilik]

[2 marks]

[Terengganu 2016, No 3] 3

Diagram 3 shows the structural formula of compound X. Rajah 3 menunjukkan formula struktur sebatian X.

Diagram 3/Rajah 3 (a)

(b)

State the name of the element represented by the symbol C in Diagram 3. Nyatakan nama bagi unsur yang diwakili dengan simbol C dalam Rajah 3. ................................................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] State the meaning of empirical formula. Nyatakan maksud bagi formula empirik. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(c)

(i)

Write the molecular formula and the empirical formula of compound X. Tuliskan formula molekul dan formula empirik bagi sebatian X.

Molecular formula: Formula molekul: ………………………………………………………………………………………


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Empirical formula Formula empirik: ………………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks] (ii)

State one similaritiy and one difference between the molecular formula and the empirical formula in (c)(i). Nyatakan satu persamaan dan satu perbezaan antara formula molekul dan formula empirik dalam (c)(i). ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

(d)

(i)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction between compound X and magnesium. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara sebatian X dengan magnesium ....................................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

(ii)

Calculate the mass of magnesium reacts with 1 mol of compound X. [Relative atomic mass:Mg=24] Hitung jisim magnesium yang bertindak balas lengkap dengan 1 mol sebatian X. [Jisim atom relatif:Mg=24] .

[2 marks]


2 Table 2 shows the empirical formulae and the molecular formulae of three compounds Jadual 2 menunjukkan formula empirik dan formula molekul bagi tiga sebatian

Compound Sebatian

X

Empirical formula Formula empirik

....................

Y

CH2O

Z

CuCO3

Molecular formula Formula molekul

C5H10 ........................ CuCO3

Table 2/Jadual 2


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

23 (a)

(i)


State the meaning of empirical formula. Nyatakan maksud formula empirik. .................................................................................................................................. [1 mark / markah]

(ii)

Write the empirical formula of compound X in Table 2 Tulis formula empirik sebatian X dalam Jadual 2. [ 1 mark / markah]

(b)

Relative molecular mass of compound Y is 180. Determine the molecular formula of compound Y. [ Relative atomic mass: H=1, C=12, O=16] Jisim relatif: H=1, bagi sebatian Y ialah 116. Tentukan formula molekul sebatian Y. atom relatif [ Jisimmolekul C=12, O=16]

[ 2 marks / markah] (c)

Y is formed during photosynthesis process. The photosynthesis process is as shown below:

Carbon dioxide

+

Water



Y

+

Oxygen

Y dihasilkan semasa proses fotosintesis. Proses fotosintesis adalah seperti ditunjukkan di bawah

Karbon dioksida (i)

+

Air



Y

+

Oksigen

Based on your answer in (b), balance the equation below Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (b), seimbangkan persamaan di bawah __CO2

+

__H2O

→

+

____O2 [ 1 mark / markah]

(ii)

State two information that can be deduced from the equation. Nyatakan dua maklumat yang boleh disimpulkan daripada persamaan itu. ................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................. [ 2 marks / markah]


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24 (d)


Copper(II) carbonate precipitateand sodium nitrate solution are formed when copper(II) nitrate solution reacts with sodium carbonate solution. Write a balanced chemical equation for this precipitation reaction. Mendakan kuprum(II) karbonat dan larutan natrium nitrat terhasil apabila larutan kuprum (II) nitrat bertindak balas dengan larutan natrium karbonat. Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas pemendakan ini. ............................................................................................................................................ [ 2 marks / markah]

[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 3] 3. Diagram 3 shows theapparatus set-up to determine theempirical formula of magnesiumoxide. Rajah 3 menunjukkan menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik magnesium oksida. Lid penutup Magnesium ribbon Pita magnesium

Crucible Mangkuk pijar Heat/Panaskan Diagram 3/ Rajah 3

(a) When carrying out the experiment, why does the crucible lid need to be opened once awhile? Semasa menjalankan eksperimen, mengapakah penutup mangkuk pijar perlu dibuka sekali sekala? …..………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (b) Table 3 shows the results of the experiment Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini.

Description Penerangan Mass of crucible + lid Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium oksida Table 3/ Rajah 3

Mass (g) Jisim (g) 21.45 23.85 25.45

Based on Table 3, determine the value of the following: Berdasarkan Jadual 3, tentukan nilai yang berikut: [Relative atomic mass : O,16; Mg, 24] [Jisim atom relatif : O,16; Mg, 24]


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25 (i)


Mass of magnesium Jisim magnesium

[1 mark] (ii) Number of moles of magnesium Bilangan mol magnesium

[1 mark] (iii) Mass of oxygen Jisim oksigen

[1 mark] (iv) Number of moles of oxygen Bilangan mol oksigen

[1 mark] (v)

Empirical formula of magnesium oxide Formula empirik magnesium oksida …..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara magnesium dan oksigen …..………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks] (d) Can the method above be used to determine the empirical formula of lead(II) oxide? Give a reason. Bolehkah kaedah di atas digunakan untuk menentukan formula empirik plumbum(II) oksida? Berikan satu sebab. …...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]


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26



(a)

Diagram 2.1 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to determine the empirical formula oxide of copper. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen menentukan formula empirik oksida kuprum.

Hydrogen Hidrogen

Oxide of copper Oksida kuprum

Substance X Bahan X

Heat Panaskan


State the type of particles in oxide of copper. Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terdapat di dalam oksida kuprum. …….…………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(ii)

Substance X is used to dry the hydrogen gas. State the name of substance X. Bahan X digunakan untuk mengeringkan gas hidrogen. Nyatakan nama bagi bahan X. ………………………………………………………………………….

(iii)

[1 mark]

Name two substances that can be used to prepare hydrogen gas in this experiment. Namakan dua bahan yang boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen dalam eksperimen ini. …………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]

(iv)

State one precaution that must be taken before heating the oxide of copper? Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil sebelum pemanasan oksida kuprum? …………………………………………………………………………


[1 mark]

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27 (v)


How can you ensure that all the oxide of copper has been completely reduced? Bagaimanakah anda dapat memastikan bahawa semua oksida kuprum telah diturunkan dengan lengkap? …………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(vi)

The empirical formula of oxide of magnesium cannot be determined using the apparatus set-up in Diagram 2.1. Give a reason. Formula empirik bagi oksida magnesium tidak dapat ditentukan menggunakan susunan radas di Rajah 2.1. Berikan satu sebab. …………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(b)

Diagram 2.2 shows the structural formula of a molecule. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi satu molekul.


Based on Diagram 2.2, write the empirical formula of the molecule. Berdasarkan Rajah 2.2, tuliskan formula empirik bagi molekul itu.

……………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii)

What is meant by empirical formula? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik? ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]


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[Pahang 2016, No 2] 2.

Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide. Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik kuprum(II) oksida. Copper(II) oxide Kuprum(II) oksida H2 H2

Heat Panaskan

Solution X Larutan X Metal Y Logam Y

Anhydrous calcium chloride Kalsium klorida kontang Diagram 2/ Rajah 2

(a) State the meaning of empirical formula. Nyatakan maksud formula empirik. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (b) Solution X and metal Y reacts to produce hydrogen gas. State the name of solution X and metal Y.

Larutan X dan logam Y bertindak balas menghasilkan gas hidrogen. Nyatakan nama bagi larutan X dan logam Y. Solution X : ………………………………………………………………………..... Larutan X Metal Y : ………………………………………………………………………...... Logam Y [2 marks] (c) What is the function of anhydrous calcium chloride? Apakah fungsi kalsium klorida kontang? ……………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (d) (i) State the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide Nyatakan formula empirik bagi kuprum(II) oksida. ………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]


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29


(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen gas and copper(II) oxide Tuliskan persamaan seimbang bagi tindak balas antara gas hidrogen dan kuprum(II) oksida ……...…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (e) How to ensure that all of the copper(II) oxide has been reduced to copper? Bagaimana untuk memastikan semua kuprum(II) oksida telah diturunkan kepada kuprum? ………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (f)

Can the empirical formula for aluminium oxide be determine by using this method? Give one reason for your answer.

Bolehkan formula empirik bagi aluminium oksida ditentukan dengan menggunakan kaedah ini? Berikan satu alasan bagi jawapan anda. …..…………………………………………………………………………………….. ..……………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

Chapter 4 : The Periodic Table of Elements

[Final Year Exam SBP Form 4 2016, No 3] 3

Diagram 3 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements. A,B, C, D, E and F are not the actual symbols of the elements. Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. A, B, C, D, E dan F bukan merupakan simbol sebenar unsur. 1 1

2

13

14

15

16

17

18

A

2

B

3

D

4

F

C E


(i)

E is situated in Group 17. What is another name of Group 17? E terletak di dalam Kumpulan 17. Apakah nama lain bagi Kumpulan 17? …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark / markah]


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30 (ii)


Write the electron arrangement for E atom. Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom E. …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark / markah]

(b)

Arrange A, B, C, D, E and F in ascending order of the atomic size. Susunkan A, B, C, D, E dan F dalam tertib menaik saiz atom. ………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark / markah]

(c)

Which monoatomic gas? Give asatu reason. Unsur element manakahisgas monoatom? Berikan sebab. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks / markah]

(d)

D and F are placed in the same group in the Periodic Table of Elements. When D and F are put into water, an alkaline solution is formed. D dan F berada di dalam kumpulan yang sama dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Apabila D dan F dimasukkan ke dalam air, satu larutan beralkali terhasil. (i)

Which element is more reactive? Unsur yang manakah lebih reaktif ? ..…………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark / markah]

(ii)

Explain your answer in d(i). Terangkan jawapan anda di d(i). …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks / markah]

(e)

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction when D is put into water. Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas apabila D diletakkan dalam air. …………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks / markah]


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[SBP 2016, No 2] 2

Diagram 2.1 shows the standard representation for the atoms of three elements from Group 17 in the Periodic Table of Element. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai atom bagi tiga unsur daripada Kumpulan 17 di dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

80 35 Bromine Bromin

35 17 Chlorine Klorin

127 53 Iodine Iodin

Diagram 2.1/ Rajah 2.1 (a)

What is represented by the number 35 in 80 35 . Apakah yang diwakili oleh nombor 35 dalam 80 35 ........................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(b)

State the number of valence electrons of bromine atom. Nyatakan bilangan elektron valens pada pada atom bromin.

........................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (c)

(i)

Compare the size of the chlorine atom with the bromine atom. Bandingkan saiz atom klorin dengan atom bromin. .................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

(ii)

Explain your answer in (c) (i) Terangkan jawapan anda dalam(c) (i). .................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

(d)

Chlorine reacts with sodium to form a compound. Klorin bertindak balas dengan natrium membentuk satu sebatian Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed. Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk. [Proton number Na = 11][Nombor proton Na = 11]


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32


[2 marks] (e)

Diagram 2.2 shows the reaction occured when iodine dissolve in water. A piece of litmus paper is dipped into the solution formed. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan tindakbalas yang berlaku apabila iodin di larutkan ke dalam air. Sekeping kertas litmus dicelupkan ke dalam larutan yang terhasil.


State the observation on the litmus paper Nyatakan pemerhatian pada kertas litmus.

................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (ii)

Give a reason for your answer in (e)(i) Berikan alasan bagi jawapan anda dalam (e)(i)

................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

[Terengganu 2016, No 2]

2

Diagram 2 shows the position of five elements; A, B, C, D and E in the Periodic Table. The letters listed below are not the actual symbols of the elements. Rajah 2 menunjukkan kedudukan lima unsur; A, B, C, D dan Edalam Jadual Berkala. Huruf yang disenaraikan di bawah bukan simbol yang sebenar bagi unsur-unsur .

Diagram 2/Rajah 2 Based on Diagram 2, answer the following questions: Berdasarkan Rajah 2, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:


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33 (a)


What is the basic principle used in arranging the elements in Periodic Table of Elements? Apakah prinsip asas yang digunakan dalam penyusunan unsur-unsur dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur?

........................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (b)

State two elements that are placed in the same group. Nyatakan dua unsur yang terletak dalam kumpulan yang sama. ...........................................................................................................................................................

(c)

[1 mark]

State the position of element B and give a reason. Nyatakan kedudukan unsur B dan berikan alasan.

........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... [2 marks] (d)

Compare the reactivity between element C and E. Explain your answer. Bandingkan kereaktifan antara unsur C dan E. Jelaskan jawapan anda. ........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... [3 marks]

(e)

Arrange the atomic size of A, B, C, D and E in descending order. Susun saiz atom-atom A, B, C, D dan E mengikut tertib susunan menurun. ........................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(f)

Nickel is well known as a useful catalyst for hydrogenation reaction in manufacture of margarine. State the element with similar properties with nickel. Nikel terkenal sebagai mangkin dalam tindak balas penghidrogenan dalam pembuatan marjerin. Nyatakan unsur yang mempunyai sifat yang sama dengan nikel. ........................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]


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34


[Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 2]

2

Diagram 2.1 shows a portion of the Periodic Table of Elements. The letters listed below are not the actual symbols of the elements. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. Huruf yang disenaraikan di bawah bukan simbol yang sebenar bagi unsur-unsur. 1

2

13

14

15

16

17

1

Z

2 3

18

X V

4 5

W

Y Diagram 2.1/Rajah 2.1

(a)

By using the letters in Diagram 2.1, which element exists as a monoatomic? Give a reason. Dengan menggunakan huruf-huruf dalam Rajah 2.1, unsur manakah wujud sebagai monoatom? Berikan satu alasan.

.................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks] (b)

Element W belong to a group that has special characteristics which differentiate it from the other group. Name the group and state one special characteristic of the group. Unsur W tergolong dalam kumpulan yang mempunyai ciri-ciri istimewa yang membezakannya daripada kumpulan lain. Namakan kumpulan itu dan nyatakan satu ciri istimewa kumpulan itu . .................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

(c)

Write the chemical equation when Y is dissolved in water. Tulis persamaan kimia apabilaY dilarutkan dalam air. .................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

[Kedah 2016, No 1] 1.

Diagram 1 shows a part of the Periodic Table of Elements. W, X, Y and Z are not the actual symbols of the elements.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur.W, X, Y dan Z bukan simbol sebenar unsur tersebut.


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

35


W X

Y Z

Diagram 1/Rajah 1 Based on Diagram 1, Berdasarkan Rajah 1, (a)

(i)

Write an electron arrangement of atom W. Tuliskan susunan electron bagi atomW. .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii)

Which of the element is halogen? Unsur manakah adalah halogen? .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(b)

The information below shows the special characteristicsof an element in Diagram 1. Maklumat di bawah menunjukkan ciri istimewa bagi suatu unsur dalam Rajah 1. 

Form coloured compounds Membentuk sebatian berwarna



Acts as catalyst Bertindak sebagai mangkin Which element shows the above characteristics? Unsur manakah menunjukkan ciri di atas? .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (c)

The atomic size of Y is smaller than X. Explain why. Saiz atom Ylebih kecil daripada atomX. Terangkan mengapa. .................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

(d)

Element Q has three shells occupied with electron and three valence electrons. Mark Q, in Diagram 1 to indicate the position of element Q. Element Q mempunyai tiga petala berisi elektron dan tiga elektron valens. Tanda Q, di dalam Rajah 1bagi menunjukkan kedudukan unsurQ. [1 mark]


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36 (e)


When a small piece of element X is put into water, alkaline solution is formed andhydrogen gas is released. Apabila satu ketulan kecil unsur X dimasukkan kedalam air, larutan beralkali terhasil dan gas hidrogen terbebas. (i)

Write a chemical equation for this reaction. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas ini. .................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

(ii)

Element is reactivity located below element in element the Periodic Table of Elements. CompareAthe of element AX and X when react with water. Unsur A berada di bawah unsur X dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Bandingkan kereaktifan unsur A dan unsur X apabila bertindak balas dengan air. .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

[SPM 2016, No 1] 1.

Table 1 shows the information of elements in Periodic Table of Elements Jadual 1 menunjukkan maklumat unsur dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Element Unsur Electron arrangement Susunan electron Atomic radius Jejari atom

(a)

Na

Mg

Al

Si

P

S

Cl

2.8.1

2.8.2

2.8.3

2.8.4

2.8.5

2.8.6

2.8.7

186

160

143 118 Table 1/Jadual 1

110

104

100

Which period are the elements placed? Kala yang manakah unsur itu terletak? .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(b)

State the element that exists as diatomic molecule. Nyatakan unsur yang wujud sebagai dwiatom. .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(c)

State the element that can form an amphoteric oxide.

Nyatakan unsur yang boleh membentuk oksida amfoterik. ................................................................................................................................................. [1 marks]


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

37 (d)


Which element is a semi-metal? Unsur yang manakah ialah separa logam? ................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(e)

Referring to the change in atomic radius, explain why the electronegativity increases across the period from left to right. Merujuk kepada perubahan jejari atom, terangkan mengapa keelektronegatifan bertmbah merentasi kala dari kiri ke kanan. ..................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(f)

Sodium burns in oxygen to form sodium oxide. Natrium terbakar dalam oksigen membentuk natrium oksida. (i)

Write a chemical equation for this reaction. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas ini. .................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

(ii)

Sodium oxide dissolve in water to form a solution. State the colour change of the litmus paper when it is placed in the solution Natrium oksida larut dalam air membentuk larutan. Nyatakan perubahan warna pada ketas litmus apabila dimasukkan ke dalam larutan itu. .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

[JUJ Pahang 2016, No 3] 3

Diagram 3.1 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements and Table 3.1 shows one characteristic of elements P and Q. The letters P, Q, V, W, Xand Y in Diagram 3.1 and Table 3.1 do not represent the actual symbols of the elements. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur dan Jadual 3.1 menunjukkan satu ciri bagi unsur P dan Q. Huruf P, Q, V, W, Xdan Y di dalam Rajah 3.1 dan Jadual 3.1 tidak mewakili simbol sebenar unsur.

Diagram 3.1/Rajah 3.1


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38 Element / Unsur

P Q


Characteristic / Ciri Has 1 valence electron and 3 shells occupied with electron.

Mempunyai 1 elektron valens dan 3 petala berisi electron. Located in Period 3 and formed amphoteric oxide

Terletak di kala 3 dan membentuk oksida amfoterik Table 3.1/Jadual 3.1

(a)

On Diagram 3.1, show the position of P and Q in the Periodic Table of the Element.

Pada Rajah 3.1, tunjukkan kedudukan P dan Q di dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. [2 marks] (b)

Element Q reacts with oxygen gas to form an amphoteric oxide. What is meant by amphoteric oxide? Unsur Q bertindak balas dengan gas oksigen untuk membentuk oksida amfoterik. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan oksida amfoterik? ……………………………………………………………………………..................... [1 mark]

(c)

V atom is more electropositive than X atom. Explain why. Atom V lebih elektropositif daripada atom X. Terangkan mengapa. ...................................................................................................................................... ……………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

(d)

Element Y is chemically unreactive.State one uses of element Y in daily life.

Unsur Y tidak reaktif secara kimia. Nyatakan satu kegunaan unsur Y dalam kehidupan harian. ...................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (e)

Element P reacts with oxygen gas to form oxide of P. Oxide of P dissolved in water to produce a solution. In Table 3.2 below, mark(√) in the box to show the pH value of the solution. Unsur P bertindak balas dengan gas oksigen untuk membentuk oksida P. Oksida P larut dalam air untuk menghasilkan satu larutan. Dalam Jadual 3.2 di bawah, tandakan (√) di dalam kotak yang disediakan untuk menunjukkan nilai pH bagi larutan yang terhasil. pH Value Nilai pH 4

7

11

Table 3.2 /Jadual 3.2 [1 mark]


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39 (f)


X reacts with W to form a covalent compound. X bertindak balas dengan W untuk membentuk satu sebatian kovalen. (i)

State the formula of the compound formed. Nyatakan formula bagi sebatian yang terbentuk. ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii) Draw the electron arrangement for the compound in (f)(i). Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian di (f)(i).

[2 marks]

[Pahang 2016, No 3] 3.

Diagram 3 shows some of the elements in the periodic table of elements. Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian unsur-unsur kala 3 dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

Na

Mg

Al

Cl

Ar

Diagram 3/ Rajah 3 (a) Based on Diagram 3, answer the following question. Berdasarkan Rajah 3, jawab soalan berikut: (i)

State group of Cl in the Periodic Table of Elements. Nyatakan kumpulan bagi unsur Cl dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii) State which element that exists as a metal Nyatakan unsur manakah yang wujud sebagai logam. .................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]


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40


(b) (i) State which element formed anamphoteric oxide. Nyatakan unsur manakah yang membentuk oksida amfoterik ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Based on answer in (b)(i), write the formula for the compound formed. Berdasarkan jawapan di (b)(i), tuliskan formula bagi sebatian yang terbentuk. ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (c) Element Mg and Cl can react to form a compound. Unsur Mg dan Cl boleh bertindak balas membentuk satu sebatian . (i)

Write the chemical formula of the compound formed. Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian yang terbentuk. ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii) Explain how the compound in (c)(i) formed.

Terangkan bagaimana pembentukan sebatian (c)(i) terhasil. Mg = ................................................................................................................................ Cl = ................................................................................................................................ [2 marks] (iii) Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed. Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk

[2 marks] (iv) State one physical properties of these compounds.

Nyatakan satu sifat fizik sebatian ini. .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]


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[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 4] 4. Diagram 4 shows the position of several elements Q,R, S, T, U, W and X. Rajah 4 menunjukkan kedudukan beberapa unsur-unsur Q, R, S, T, U, W dan X. Q

R S

U

T

W X

Diagram 4/Rajah 4 Based on Diagram 4: Berdasarkan Rajah 4: (a) State on element that is halogen. Nyatakan satu unsur halogen. …...…..…………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (b) (i) State one element that is monoatomic. Nyatakan satu unsur monoatom. …...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii) Why does the element in b (i) exist as monoatomic? Mengapakah unsur dalam b(i) wujud sebagai monoatom? …...…..…………………………………………………………………………………………… …...…..…………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] (c) (i) Identify the element that reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas. Kenal pasti unsur yang bertindak balas dengan air untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen. …...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction in c(i). Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas di c(i). …...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 mark]


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(d) Identify the element that can forms a coloured solution when dissolved in water. Kenal pasti unsur yang menghasilkan larutan yang berwarna apabila dilarutkan dalam air. …...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (e)

Gas Q   

Gas R

light / ringan flammable / mudah terbakar colourless / tidak berwarna

  

light / ringan not reactive / tidak reaktif colourless / tidak berwarna

Based on the above information, which gas is more suitable to be used in meteorological balloons? Give one reason. Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, gas yang manakah lebih sesuai digunakan dalam belon kaji cuaca?Berikan satu sebab.

…...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

Chapter 5 : Chemical Bonds


4 (a)

Diagram 4 shows the electron arrangement of a molecule. N and H are symbols of two elements. Diagram 4 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi satu molekul. N dan H adalah simbol bagi dua unsur.

Diagram 4/Rajah 4 Based on Diagram 4, Berdasarkan Rajah 4, (i)

state the type of bond in the molecule.

nyatakan jenis ikatan dalam molekul itu. …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark / markah]


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43 (ii)


state the name of the molecule. nyatakan nama bagi molekul itu. …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark / markah]

(iii)

Write the electron arrangement of nitrogen atom and hidrogen atom before the bonding formed. Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom nitrogen dan atom hidrogen sebelum ikatan terbentuk. Nitrogen : ………………………………………………………………………

Nitrogen Hydrogen : ……………………………………………………………………… Hidrogen [2 marks / markah] (b)

Table 4 shows the electron arrangement of sodium and chlorine. Jadual 4 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi natrium dan klorin.

Element Unsur

Electron arrangement Susunan elektron

Sodium Natrium

2.8.1

Chlorine Klorin

2.8.7 Table 4/ Jadual 4

(i)

Write the formula for the compound formed between sodium atom and chlorine atom. Tuliskan formula bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara atom natrium dan atom klorin. …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark/ markah]

(iii)

Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed. Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

[2 marks / markah] (iii)

Based on b(ii), explain how the compound is formed. Berdasarkan b(ii), terangkan bagaimana sebatian itu terbentuk.


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………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………... [2 marks / markah] (iv)

State one physical property of the compound formed. Nyatakan satu sifat fizik bagi sebatian ini. …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark /1 markah]

[Kedah 2016, No 3]

3

Diagram 3 shows standard representation of element X, Y and Z. Rajah3 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai bagi unsur X, Y dan Z.

23 11

12 6

16 8

Diagram 3/Rajah 3 Based on Diagram 3, answer the following questions: Berdasarkan Rajah 3, jawab soalan-soalan berikut: (a)

(i)

State the valence electron of element Y. Nyatakan elektron valen bagi unsur Y. .................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

What is the physical state of element Y at room temperature? Apakah keadaan fizik unsur Ypada suhu bilik? .................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(b)

Element Y and element Z can react to form a compound. Unsur Y dan unsur Z boleh bertindakbalas untuk membentuk suatu sebatian. (i)

Write the formula of the compound. Tuliskan formula sebatian itu. .................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Explain the melting point and boiling point of the compound. Terangkan tentang takat lebur dan takat didih bagi sebatian itu. ..................................................................................................................................................


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................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. [3 marks] (c)

Element X and element Z can react to form a compound. Unsur X dan unsur Z boleh bertindak balas untuk membentuk suatu sebatian. (i)

Write chemical equation for the reaction between element X and Z. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara unsurX dan Z. ................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii)

Draw the electron arrangement of the compound. Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian itu.

[2 marks]

Chapter 6 : Electrochemistry


5

Diagram 5 shows the apparatus set-up for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution using carbon electrodes. Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas elektrolisis larutan natrium klorida dengan menggunakan elektrod karbon.

Carbon electrode N Elektrod karbon N

Carbon electrode M Elektrod karbon M

0.0005 mol dm-3sodium chloride solution Larutan natrium klorida, 0.0005 mol dm-3


Label the anode in Diagram Labelkan anod dalam Rajah5.5. ……………………………………………………………………………………….…. [1 mark/ markah]


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46 (b)


Write the formulae of all the ions present in the electrolyte. Tuliskan formula bagi semua ion yang hadir dalam elektrolit itu. …………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark / markah]

(c)

(i)

(ii)

State the name of the ions that is selectively discharge at electrode M. Nyatakan namakan ion yang dipilih untuk dinyahcaskan di elektrod M. ................................................................................................................................ [1 mark / markah] State the name of the gas collected in the test tube at electrode M.

Namakan gas yang terkumpul dalam tabung uji pada elektrod M. ................................................................................................................................ [1 mark / markah] (iii)

Write the half equation for the reaction at electrode M. Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di elektrodM. .............................................................................................................................. [2 marks / markah]

(vi)

Describe briefly the chemical test to confirm the product at electrode M. Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan hasil di elektrod M. ………….............................................................................................................. ………….............................................................................................................. [2 marks / markah]

(d)

If 0.0005 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution is replaced with 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution. Jika larutan natrium klorida 0.0005 mol dm-3 digantikan dengan larutan natrium klorida 1.0 mol dm-3. (i)

State the observation at electrode N. Nyatakan pemerhatian pada elektrod N. ……….................................................................................................................... [1 mark / markah]

(ii)

Explain your answer in (d)(i). Terangkan jawapan anda di(d)(i). …......................................................................................................................... …………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks / markah]


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5

Diagram 5 shows two electrolytic cells with different concentration of sodium chloride solution as the electrolyte. Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua sel elektrolisis dengan larutan natrium klorida sebagai elektrolit.

0.001 mol dm-3 Sodium chloride solution Larutan natrium klorida

1.0 mol dm-3 Sodium chloride solution Larutan natrium klorida 1.0 mol dm-3

Carbon electrode Elektrod karbon

0.001 mol dm-3 Cell I

Cell II Diagram 5/Rajah 5

(a)

Write the formula of all anions and cations present in sodium chloride solution. Tuliskan formula bagi semua anion dan kation yang terdapat dalam larutan natrium klorida. Anions : ............................................... Cations : ................................................... Anion Kation [2 marks]

(b)

Based on Cell I and Cell II in Diagram 5, Berdasarkan Sel I dan Sel II dalam Rajah 5, (i)

Name the product formed at the anode. Namakan hasil yang terbentuk di anod. Cell I Sel I

:

........................................................................

Cell II : Sel II

......................................................................... [2 marks]

(ii)

Write the half equations for the reactions at the anode. Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di anod. Cell I Sel I

:

......................................................................

Cell II : Sel II

...................................................................... [2 marks]

(c)

A colourless gas is produced at the cathode of Cell II and the gas is collected in a test tube. Describe one chemical test to identify the gas produced. Gas tanpa warna yang terhasil di katod dalam Sel II telah dikumpulkan dalam sebuah tabung uji. Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengenalpasti gas itu.


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.................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks] (d)

A voltaic cell can generate electricity. By choosing any two metal strips given in the box, draw a labelled diagram of apparatus set-up of a voltaic cell that can produce the highest voltage. Sel voltan boleh menghasilkan arus elektrik. Dengan memilih mana-mana dua kepingan logam yang diberi dalam kotak, lukiskan satu rajah berlabel bagi susunan radas sel voltan bagi menghasilkan voltan paling tinggi. Magnesium strip Kepingan Magnesium

Copper strip Kepingan Kuprum

Silver strip Kepingan Argentum

[2 marks]


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[MRSM 2016, No 4] 4

Diagram 4.1 shows two metals inserted in a potato that contains phosphoric acid, H3PO4. A student found that the light emitting diode (LED) bulb is lighted. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan dua logam yang dimasukkan ke dalam kentang yang mengandungi asid fosforik, H3PO4. Seorang pelajar mendapati mentol diod pemancar cahaya (LED) tersebut menyala.

Iron Ferum

Magnesium Magnesium


Name the type of cell in Diagram 4.1. Namakan jenis sel dalam Rajah 4.1. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(b)

State the energy conversion that occur in the cell stated in (a). Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel yang dinyatakan di (a). ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(c)

Write the half equation for the reaction that occurs at positive terminal. Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindakbalas yang berlaku di terminal positif. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

(d)

If the experiment is repeated by using a series circuit containing three potatoes, suggest the suitable apparatus to replace LED to show electrical conductivity. Sekiranya eksperimen diulang dengan litar sesiri mengandungi tiga biji kentang, cadangkan radas yang sesuai untuk menggantikan LED bagi menunjukkan kekonduksian elektrik. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(e)

A teacher asks the students to modify the above cell to produce brighter LED light as shown in Diagram 4.2. Seorang guru mengarahkan pelajar-pelajarnya untuk mengubahsuai sel di atas supaya cahaya LED yang terhasil lebih terang seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah4.2


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50


Magnesium Magnesium

Metal X Logam X


State one example of metal X. Nyatakan satu contoh logam X. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(ii)

Explain your answer in e(i). Terangkan jawapan anda di e(i). ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(f)

(i)

Suggest a fruit that can be used to replace potato to make the bulb lights up. Cadangkan sejenis buah yang boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan kentang bagi menyalakan mentol. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(ii)

Explain your answer in f(i). Terangkan jawapan anda di f(i). ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]


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[SBP 2016, No 3] 3. Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus to purify the impure copper metal by using electrolysis process. Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan alat radas untuk menulenkan logam kuprum tak tulen dengan menggunakan kaedah elektrolisis.

Diagram 3/Rajah 3 (a) What is the function of cell Q? Apakah fungsi sel Q? …………………………………………………………………………….……………………….. [1 mark] (b) Suggest a substance that can be used as Cadangkan bahan yang boleh digunakan sebagai Electrode X/ Elektrod X: …………….……………………………………………………….…… Solution Y/ Larutan Y: …………....………………………………………………………………. [2 marks] (c) At cell Q, there are colourless gas bubbles produce at electrode X. Pada sel Q, terdapat gelembung-gelembung gas tidak berwarna terbebas di elektrod X. i.

Write the half equation for the formation of the gas. Tulis persamaan setengah untuk pembentukan gas tersebut. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

ii. Describe briefly a chemical test to confirm the gas produced. Huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia bagi mengenalpasti gas yang terhasil. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]


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(d) Alloy of copper is harder than pure copper. Aloi kuprum lebih keras daripada kuprum tulen. i.

Draw the arrangement of atoms in the alloy of copper. Lukis gambarajah susunan atom di dalam aloi kuprum.

[2 marks] ii. Explain the hardness of the alloy. Terangkan kekerasan aloi itu. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

Chapter 7 : Asid and Bases

[SPM 2016, No 5] 5.

Table 5 shows the information about acids X and Y. Jadual 5 menunjukkan maklumat mengenai asid X dan asid Y.



(a)

Acid X Asid X Use in making fruit pickles Digunakan dalam pembuatan jeruk buah



Monoprotic acid Asid monoprotik



pH = 4.8





Acid Y Asid Y Use in lead-acid accumulator Digunakan dalam akumultor asid-plumbum Diprotic acid Asid diprotik

 pH = 1.0 Table 5/ Jadual 5

State the meaning of acid. Nyatakan maksud asid. .................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(b)

State the name of acids. Nyatakan nama bagi asid itu.


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53 Acid X : ....................................... Asid X


Acid Y :.................................................... Asid Y [2 marks]

(c)

Both acids X and Y have the same concentration. Explain why the pH values for both acids in Table 5 are different. Kedua dua asid X dan asid Y mempunyai kepekatan yang sama. Jelaskan mengapa nilai pH bagi keduadua asid dalam Jadual 5 adalah berbeza. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

(d)

When 0.5 mol zinc carbonate is added into excess acid Y, effervescence occurs; Apabila 0.5 mol zink karbonat ditambah ke dalam asid Y yang berlebihan, pembuakan berlaku; (i)

(ii)

By using acid Y that stated in 5(b), write a chemical equation for the reaction. Dengan menggunakan asid Y yang dinyatakan di 5(b), tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu. ........................................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] Calculate the volume of gas produced at room condition. 3 -1 [Molar volume of gas at room conditions = 24 dm mol ] Hitung isipadu gas yang terhasil pada keadaan bilik. [Isipadu molar gas pada keadaan bilik= 24 dm 3 mol-1]

[2 marks] (iii)

Describe a chemical test to identify the gas produced. Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengenal pasti gas yang terhasil. ........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................ [2 marks]


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6

(a)

Table 6 shows the concentration of nitric acid and ethanoic acid. Jadual 6 menunjukkan kepekatan asid nitrik dan asid etanoik. Acid Asid

Concentration (mol dm-3) Kepekatan (mol dm-3)

Nitric acid Asid nitrik

0.100

Ethanoic acid Asid etanoik

0.100 Table 6/Jadual 6

(i)

Which acid gives a higher pH value. Asid yang manakah memberikan nilai pH yang lebih tinggi. ................................................................................................................................ [1 mark / markah]

(ii)

Explain your answer in a(i). Terangkan jawapan anda di (a)(i). ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [2 marks / markah]

(b)

25 cm

3

of 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution is put into a conical flask. Then a few drops

of phenolphthalein solution is added. This solution is titrated with nitric acid. 25 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 0.1 mol dm-3 dimasukkan ke dalam kelalang kon. Kemudian beberapa titis larutan fenoltalein ditambah. Larutan dititratkan dengan asid nitrik. (i)

State the type of reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and nitric acid solution. Nyatakan jenis tindak balas antara larutan natrium hidroksida dengan larutan asid nitrik. ................................................................................................................................ [1 mark / markah]

(ii)

What is the colour change of the mixture in the conical flask at the end point? Apakah perubahan warna campuran di dalam kelalang kon pada takat akhir? ................................................................................................................................ [1 mark / markah]

(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu

................................................................................................................................ [1 mark / markah]


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55 (iv)


Calculate the volume of nitric acid used. Hitungkan isi padu asid nitrik yang digunakan.

[2 marks / markah] (v)

The using the same concentration to hydroxide replace nitricexperiment acid. Whatisisrepeated the volume ofsulphuric sulphuric acid acid of needed to neutralize sodium solution completely? Explain your answer. Experimen itu diulangi dengan menggunakan asid sulfurik pada kepekatan yang sama bagi menggantikan asid nitrik Apakah isi padu asid sulfurik yang diperlukan untuk meneutralkan larutan natrium hidroksida dengan lengkap? Terangkan jawapan anda. ........................................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ………………………………………………………………………………….…… [3 marks / markah]


5

Table 5 shows the information about four solutions; P, Q, R and S. P, Q, R and S may be acid or alkali. Jadual 5 menunjukkan maklumat tentang empat larutan P, Q, R dan S. Larutan P, Q, R dan S mungkin asid atau alkali.

Solution Larutan

Information Maklumat

pH value Nilai pH

P

Ionised completely in water Mengion lengkap dalam air

2

Q

Ionised partially in water Mengion separa lengkap dalam air

6

R

Ionised completely in water Mengion lengkap dalam air

13

S

Ionised partially in water Mengion separa lengkap dalam air

8

Table 5 / Jadual 5


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56 (a)


State the meaning of alkali. Nyatakan maksud alkali. ……………………………………………………………………………………………...

(b)

(c)

……………………………………………………………………………………………... [1 mark] Based on Table 5, state the Berdasarkan Jadual 5, nyatakan (i)

strong alkali / alkali kuat : ………………………………………………….……...

(ii)

weak acid / asid lemah

: ………………………………………………………..... [2 marks]

Diagram 5.1 shows a bottle of powder malic acid. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan sebotol serbuk asid malik.

Diagram 5.1 / Rajah 5.1 Malic acid is a weak acid which is found naturally in green apples and in a wide variety of unripe fruits. Asid malik merupakan suatu asid lemah yang wujud secara semula jadi dalam epal hijau dan juga dalam pelbagai jenis buah-buahan yang belum masak. Describe a chemical test to prove that the malic acid is an acid. Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk membuktikan bahawa asid malik merupakan suatu asid. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………... [3 marks] (d)

3 Diagram 5.2 shows a volumetric flask containing 500 cm of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution. This solution is known as a standard solution. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan sebuah kelalang volumetrik yang mengandungi500 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3. Larutan ini dikenali sebagai larutan piawai.


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57


Graduation mark Tanda senggatan 500 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution 500 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3 Diagram 5.2 / Rajah 5.2 (i) To prepare the standard solution in Diagram 5.2, a student addedx g of solid sodium hydroxide into a 500 cm3 volumetric flask. Then, distilled water is added until graduation mark is reached. Calculate the value ofx. Untuk menyediakan larutan piawai seperti dalam Rajah5.2, seorang pelajar telah menambahkan x g pepejal natrium hidroksida ke dalam sebuah kelalang volumetri k 500 cm3. Kemudian, air suling ditambahkan sehingga mencapai tanda senggatan. Hitungkan nilai x. [Molar mass of sodium hydroxide, NaOH = 40] [Jisim molar bagi natrium hidroksida, NaOH = 40]

[2 marks] (ii)

The standard solution in Diagram 5.2 is used to determine the concentration of a sample of sulphuric acid by titration method. Diagram 5.3 shows the apparatus set-up used. Larutan piawai dalam Rajah 5.2 digunakan untuk menentukan kepekatan satu contoh asid sulfurik menggunakan kaedah pentitratan. Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan susunan alat radas yang digunakan.

Sulphuric acid

Asid sulfurik 3

-3

50.0 cm of 2.0 mol dm sodium hydroxide solution + phenolphthalein indicator 50.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida2.0 mol dm-3 + penunjuk fenolftalein Diagram 5.3 / Rajah 5.3 ©Mohd Fazdli Bin Mohd Nor, SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak

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Complete neutralisation of 50.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution required 25.0 cm3 of the sulphuric acid. Peneutralan lengkap 50.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida2.0 mol dm-3 memerlukan 25.0 cm3 asid sulfurik. -3 Calculate the concentration of the sulphuric acid in mol dm . Hitungkan kepekatan asid sulfurik tersebut dalam mol dm-3.

[3 marks]


4

(a)

Table 4 shows the pH value of different concentration of ethanoic acid solutions. Jadual 4 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi larutan asid etanoik dalam kepekatan yang berbeza.

Set Set I II (i)

Concentration (mol dm-3) Kepekatan, (mol dm-3) 0.1 0.01 Table 4 /Jadual 4

pH value Nilai pH 3 4

Draw the structural formula of ethanoic acid. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi asid etanoik.

[1 mark] (ii)

The pH values of ethanoic acid in set I and set II are different. Give a reason. Nilai pH asid etanoik di dalam set I dan set II adalah berbeza. Berikan satu alasan.

......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]


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59 (b)


Diagram 4 shows the series of reactions involving ammonia. Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas yang melibatkan ammonia.

Ammonia Ammonia

+ Solvent X + Pelarut X

Solution P Larutan P Process Y Proses Y

+ Nitric acid + Asid nitrik

Solution Q Larutan Q Diagram 4/ Rajah 4 (i)

Write the chemical formula of ammonia. Tuliskan formula kimia bagi ammonia.

......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii)

State the type of particles in ammonia. Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam ammonia. ......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(iii)

Solution P change red litmus paper to blue. State the particle that cause the changes. Larutan P menukarkan kertas litmus merah ke biru. Nyatakan zarah yang menyebabkan perubahan itu.

......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (iv)

(v)

Write a balanced chemical equation for reaction between solution P and nitric acid. Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas antara larutan P dengan asid nitrik.

......................................................................................................................................... [2 marks] Name process Y. Namakan proses Y. ......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(vi)

Describe briefly how to confirm the present of anion in solution Q.

Huraikan larutan Q.secara ringkas bagaimana anda dapat mengesahkan anion yang terdapat di dalam .........................................................................................................................................


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......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... [3 marks]

[Kedah 2016, No 4] 4.

Diagram 4.1 shows the reading of pH meter, dipped into acid solutions P, Q, R and S. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan bacaan meterpH, yang dicelup ke dalam larutan asidP, Q, Rdan S.

pH1.0

pH2.0

pH3.0

pH4.0

Solution P Larutan P

Solution Q Larutan Q

Solution R Larutan R

Solution S Larutan S

Diagram 4.1/Rajah 4.1 (a)

State the meaning of acid. Nyatakan maksud asid. .................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(b)

Which of the solutions has the lowest degree of ionisation? Larutan yang manakah mempunyai darjah pengionan yang terendah? .................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(c)

Solution P, Q, R and S have different pH values. Larutan P, Q, Rdan S mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza. (i)

Which solution is a strong acid? Larutan manakah adalah suatu asid kuat? ........................................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(ii)

Based on the concentration of hydrogen ion, explain your answer in c(i). Berdasarkan kepekatan ion hidrogen, terangkan jawapan anda dalam c(i). .........................................................................................................................................

(d)

[1 mark] Diagram 4.2 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the end point of neutralisation between 1.0 moldm-3 sulphuric acid added to 20 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution. 3 The ammeter readings are recorded for each 5cm addition of sulphuric acid. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan takat akhir peneutralan antara asid sulfurik


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61 -3

Modul Analisis Bertopik Kimia Tingkatan 4 Koleksi Soalan SPM 2016 & Percubaan SPM Negeri 2016 3

1.0 mol dm yang ditambahkan ke dalam 20 cm larutan natrium hidroksida. Bacaan ammeter direkodkan setiap kali 5 cm3asid sulfurik ditambahkan. 1.0 moldm-3 sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik 1.0 moldm-3

A

20 cm3 natrium hydroxide solution 20 cm3larutan natrium hidroksida

Carbon electrodes Elektrod-elektrod karbon

Diagram 4.2/ Rajah 4.2 A graph of the ammeter readings versus the volumes of sulphuric acid is as shown in Diagram 4.2. Graf bacaan ammeter melawan isi padu asid sulfurik ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2. Ammeter reading (A) Bacaan ammeter (A) 3.5

3.0

2.5 2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0 0

5

10

15

20

25

Volume of sulphuric acid (cm3) Isipadu asid sulfurik(cm3)

Diagram 4.3/Rajah 4.3

(i)

Based on Diagram 4.3, determine the volume of sulphuric acid needed when the end point is achieved. Berdasarkan Rajah 4.3, tentukan isipadu asid sulfurik yang diperlukan apabila takat akhir dicapai.


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......................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii)

Write a chemical equation for this reaction. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini. ........................................................................................................................................................ [2 marks]

(iii)

Calculate the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution. Hitungkan kemolaran larutan natrium hidroksida.

[3 marks]

[MRSM 2016, No 3] 3

Table 3 shows the information of two substances; E and F. Jadual 3 menunjukkan maklumat bagi dua bahan; E dan F.

Substance

E

F

Bahan

As food flavouring and preservative. Sebagai perisa dan pengawet makanan.

As electrolyte in car battery. Sebagai elektrolit dalam bateri kereta.

Uses

Keguna an

Table 3/ Jadual 3


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63 (a)

(i)


State the ion that causes the acidic properties of E and F. Nyatakan ion yang menyebabkan sifat keasidan bagi E dan F. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(ii)

State one example for substance E and F. Nyatakan satu contoh bahan E dan F. E: ………….…………………………….…

(iii)

F : …………….………..………….…… [2 marks]

At the same concentration, pH value of E is higher than F. Explain why? Pada kepekatan yang sama, nilai pH bagi E adalah lebih tinggi daripada F. Jelaskan mengapa? ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(iv)

Describe a chemical test to verify substance F. Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengesahkan bahan F. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(b)

The chemical equation for the reaction between acid H2X and zinc carbonate powder is as follows: Persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di antara asid H2X dan serbuk zink karbonat adalah seperti

berikut: H2X + ZnCO3 → ZnX + CO 2 + H2O 3 Acid H2X reacts with zinc carbonate to produce 448 cm of carbon dioxide gas at standard temperature and pressure. Calculate the mass of zinc carbonate used in this reaction. 3 [Relative atomic mass; Zn = 65, C = 12, O = 16, Molar volume of gas = 22.4 dm mol-1] Asid H2X bertindak balas dengan zink karbonat untuk menghasilkan 448 cm3 gas karbon dioksida pada suhu dan tekanan piawai. Kira jisim zink karbonat yang digunakan dalam tindak balas ini. 3 [Jisim atom relatif; Zn = 65, C = 12, O = 16, Isipadu molar gas = 22.4 dm mol-1]

[3 marks]


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(a) Diagram 4.1 shows the pH values of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with the same concentration. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi asid hidroklorik dan asid etanoik dengan kepekatan yang sama.

1.0

5.0

pH meter Meter pH


Which of the acid in Diagram 4.1 is a weak acid? Asid yang manakah di dalam Rajah 4.1 adalah asid lemah?

…………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] [1 markah] (ii)

Explain why hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with same concentration has different pH value? Terangkan mengapa asid hidroklorik dan asid etanoik dengan kepekatan yang sama mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza?

…………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] (b)

Diagram 4.2 shows the steps in preparing the standard solution of 0.4 mol dm -3 sodium hydroxide, NaOH. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan langkah-langkah penyediaan larutan piawai natrium hidroksida, NaOH 0.4 mol dm-3.


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65

Distilled water Air suling

Volumetric flask Kelalang volumetrik

Sodium hydroxside Natrium hidroksida

Step I Langkah I


Step II II Langkah

Step III Langkah III

Step IVIV Langkah


What is the meaning of standard solution? Apakah yang dimaksudkan larutan piawai? ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(ii)

Why the standard solution of sodium hydroxide is prepared in the volumetric flask? Mengapakah larutan piawai natrium hidroksida disediakan dalam kelalang volumetrik?

………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (iii)

After all the sodium hydroxide solution in step II is poured into the volumetric flask, the beaker, glass rod and the filter funnel must be rinsed with distilled water and transferred into the volumetric flask. Give a reason.

Selepas semua larutan natrium hidroksida dalam langkah II dituangkan ke dalam kelalang volumetrik, bikar, rod kaca dan corong turas perlu dibilas dengan air suling dan dipindahkan ke dalam kelalang volumetrik. Berikan satu sebab. ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]


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66 (iv)


Write the formula that represents the relationship between the number of mole (n), molarity (M) and volume (V) for the solution. Tulis rumus yang mewakili hubungan antara bilangan mol(n), kemolaran(M) dan isipadu (V) bagi larutan itu.

…………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (v)

-3 Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide needed to prepare 0.4 mol dm sodium hydroxide solution in 250 cm3 volumetric flask -1 [Given that the relative molecular mass of NaOH = 40 g mol ]

Hitungkan jisim natrium hidroksida yang diperlukan untuk menyediakan 0.4 mol 3 dm-3 larutan natrium hidroksida di dalam kelalang volumetrik 250 cm . [Diberi jisim molekul relatif NaOH = 40 g mol-1]

[2 marks]

[Pahang 2016, No 4] 4.

(a) Diagram 4.1 shows the pH value of hydrochloric acid and acid X of the same molarity.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi asid hidroklorik dan asid X yang mempunyai kemolaran yang sama. 1.0

Hydrochloric acid

4.0

Asid hidroklorik

Beaker M Bikar M Diagram 4.1/ Rajah 4.1 (i)

Acid X

Asid X

Beaker N Bikar N

Based on the information in Diagram 4.1, suggest acid X. Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Rajah 4.1, cadangkan asid X. ................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]


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(ii) Explain why the pH value of aqueous solution of acid X is higher than the pH value of hydrochloric acid

Jelaskan mengapa nilai pH larutan akueus asid X lebih tinggi berbanding nilai pH asid hidroklorik. ................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................... [2 marks] (iii) When water is added into beaker M, what happen to the pH value of the hydrochloric acid?

Give reason to your answer. Apabila air ditambahkan ke dalam bikar M, apakah yang akan terjadi pada nilai pH asid hidroklorik? Berikan alasan anda. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [2 marks] (b) Diagram 4.2 shows the steps involved in the preparation of a standard solution X.

Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan langkah-langkah yang terlibat dalam penyediaan larutan piawai X. Calculate the mass of X solute needed Hitung jisim bahan terlarut X yang diperlukan

Weight out the exact mass of X solute needed Timbang jisim bahan terlarut X dengan tepat

Dissolve the solute X in a small amount of distilled water Larutkan bahan terlarut X ke dalam sejumlah kecil air suling

Transfer the dissolved X solute into a suitable volumetric flask Pindahkan larutan X ke dalam kelalang volumetrik yang bersesuaian

Add enough water until reach graduation mark. Tambah air sehingga mencapai tanda senggatan.

Standard solution X Larutan piawai X Diagram 4.2/ Rajah 4.2


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68 (i)


State the meaning of standard solution Nyatakan maksud larutan piawai. ................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

-3 (ii) The concentration of standard solution X produced is 1.0 mol dm . By using the standard solution produced, Nazmi need to prepare solution X with a lower concentration. Name the method used to prepare a solution with lower concentration.

Kepekatan larutan piawai X yang terhasil adalah 1.0 mol dm-3. Dengan menggunakan larutan piawai yang dihasilkan, Nazmi perlu menyediakan larutan X dengan kepekatan yang lebih rendah. Namakan kaedah yang perlu digunakan untuk menyediakan larutan dengan kepekatan yang lebih rendah. ................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (iii)

A volumetric flask is more suitable to be used to prepare standard solution rather than a beaker. Why? Kelalang volumetric lebih sesuai digunakan untuk menyediakan larutan piawai berbanding bikar. Mengapa? .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(iv)

Calculate the volume of 2.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4 needed to prepare 100 cm3 of -3

1.0 mol dm sulphuric acid, H2SO4. Hitung isipadu 2.0 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik, H2SO4 yang diperlukan untuk menyediakan 100 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik, H2SO4.

[2 marks]


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Chapter 8 : Salts

[SPM 2016, No 6]

6

Shell of snails, cockles and oysters contain a chemical substance called calcium carbonate salt. Cengkerang bagi siput, kerrang dan tiram mengandungi bahan kimia yang dikenali sebagai garam kalsium karbonat. (a)

(i)

State the type of salt in terms of solubility. Nyatakan jenis garam itu dari segi keterlarutan. ............................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(ii)

Calcium carbonate can be prepared through double decomposition reaction in the laboratory. Suggest two chemical substances that can be used to prepare the salt. Kalsium karbonat boleh disediakan melalui tindak balas penguraian ganda dua dalam makmal. Cadangkan dua bahan kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk menyediakan garam itu. ............................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................ [2 marks]

(iii)

By using the suggested chemicalsubstances in 6(a)(ii), write a chemical equation for the reaction. Dengan menggunakan bahan kimia yang telah dicadangkan di 6(a)(ii), tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu. ............................................................................................................................................ [2 marks]

(b)

You are given salt Z which releases colured gas P and oxygen gas when heated. The salt also dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution of Z as shown in Diagram 6. Anda diberi garam Z yang membebaskan gas P yang berwarna dan gas oksigen apabila dipanaskan. Garam ini juga larut dalam air untuk membentuk larutan akueus Z seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.

Diagram 6/ Rajah 6


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70 (i)


State the observation whengas P is tested with moist litmus paper. Nyatakan pemerhatian apabila gas P diuji dengan kertas litmus lembap. ................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(ii)

State the anion present in the aqueous solution of Z. Nyatakan anion yang hadir dalam larutan akueus Z. ................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(iii)

As a chemistry student, wouldbagaimana you verify the anion mentioned in 6(b)(ii). Sebagai seorang pelajarexplain kimia, how terangkan anda dapat mengesahkan anion yang dinyatakan di 6(b)(ii). ........................................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ………………………………………………………………………………….…… [4 marks]


Diagram 5 shows the set-up of apparatus for the preparation of iron(II) chloride when excess iron(II) oxide powder is added into hydrochloric acid. Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi penyediaan ferum(II) klorida apabila serbuk ferum(II) oksida berlebihan ditambahkan kepada asid hidroklorik. Salt solution Iron(II) chloride solution Larutan Larutangaram ferum(II) klorida

hydrochloric acid Asid hidroklorik Iron(II) oxide Ferum(II) oksida

Excess Iron(II) oxide Ferum(II )oksida berlebihan Crystal of salt crystal Iron(II) chloride Hablur garam klorida Hablur ferum(II)

Heat Heat Panaskan Panaskan

Heat Panaskan Heat Panaskan Iron(II) chloride solution Larutan ferum(II) klorida

Diagram 5 Rajah 5


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71 (a)

(i)


State the colour of iron(II) chloride solution. Nyatakan warna larutan ferum(II) klorida. …………………………………………………………….............…… [1 mark]

(ii)

State a reason why iron(II) oxide powder is added until excess. Nyatakan satu sebab mengapa serbuk ferum(II) oksida ditambah sehingga berlebihan. ………………………………………………………………...........…… [1 mark]

(iii)

Write the chemical equation between iron(II) oxide and hydrochloric acid. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi ferum(II) oksida dan asid hidroklorik. ……………………………………………………….................……… [2 marks]

(iv)

Can iron powder replace iron(II) oxide in the experiment? Bolehkah serbuk ferum digunakan untuk menggantikan ferum (II) oksida dalam eksperiment ini? ……………………………………………………………...…............… [1 mark]

(b)

State a chemical test to verify the present of chloride ion. Nyatakan ujian kimia untuk menentusahkan kehadiran ion klorida. …………………………………………………………………..................... …………………………………………………………………..................... ………………………………………………………............................…… [2 marks]

(c)

Iron (II) chloride produced from the experiment react with substance X to form iron(II) carbonate salt. Ferum(II) klorida yang dihasilkan daripada eksperimen itu ditindak balaskan dengan bahan X untuk menghasilkan garam ferum(II) karbonat. (i)

Suggest substance X Cadangkan bahan X. …………………………………………………………………............... [1 mark]


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72 (ii)


Name the types of reaction involved. Namakan jenis tindak balas yang terlibat. …………………………………………………………………............... [1 mark]

(iii)

Briefly describe how to prepare iron(II) carbonate salt. Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana menyediakan garam ferum(II) karbonat. …………………………………………………………………............... …………………………………………………………………............... …………………………………………………………………............... [2 mark]

[Pahang 2016, No 5] 5.

Diagram 5 shows a flowchart for the formation of precipitate V and solution W. Rajah 5 menunjukkan carta alir bagi penghasilan mendakan V dan larutan W. Lead(II) nitrate solution Larutan plumbum(II) nitrat Reaction M Tindak balas M

Precipitate V Mendakan V

+

Solution W Larutan W

Sodium chloride solution

Larutan natrium klorida Diagram 5/ Rajah 5 (a) Identify precipitate V and solution W. Kenal pasti mendakan V dan larutan W. Precipitate V :...………………………………………………………………………

Mendakan V Solution W :……………………………………..……………………………………. Larutan W [2 marks] (b) (i) State the name of reaction M. Nyatakan nama bagi tindak balas M. ...………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]


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(ii) Write the chemical equation for reaction M. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas M. ….…………..…………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks] 3 (c) Calculate the mass of precipitate V formed in the reaction if 50 cm of 1.0 mol dm-3 lead (II) nitrate solution is used. [Relative atomic mass : Cl=35 ; Pb=207] Hitungkan jisim mendakan V yang terbentuk di dalam tindak balas itu jika 50 cm 3 larutan plumbum (II) nitrat 1.0 mol dm-3 digunakan. [Jisim atom relatif Cl=35; Pb=207]

[2 marks] (d)

Describe briefly chemical test to verify the anion in solution W. Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk menentusah anion dalam larutan W. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks]

(d) If sodium chloride solution is replaced with potassium chloride solution of the same volume and concentration, predict the mass of the precipitate formed.

Jika larutan natrium klorida digantikan dengan larutan kalium klorida yang sama isipadu dan kepekatannya ramalkan jisim mendakan terbentuk. ..……………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]


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[Perlis 2016, No 6]

6

Diagram 6 shows the conversion of lead(II) nitrate. Rajah 6 menunjukkan pertukaran bagi plumbum(II) nitrat.

I Lead(II) nitrate solution Larutan plumbum(II) nitrat

Na2CO3 solution Larutan Na2CO3

Solid salt P Pepejal garam P

II

Heated Dipanaskan

Solid Q Pepejal Q

+

Gas R Gas R


(i)

Write the chemical formulae of lead(II) nitrate. Tuliskan formula kimia untuk plumbum(II) nitrat. …………………………………………….

(ii)

State the name of reaction I Nyatakan nama tindak balas I …………………………………………… [2 marks]

(b)

Based on Diagram 6, identify salt P, solid Q and gas R. Berdasarkan Rajah 6, kenal pasti garam P, pepejal Q dan gas R. P: ……………………………………………….. Q: ………………………………………………. R: ………………………………………………. [3 marks]

(c)

State the colour of solid Q. Nyatakan warna pepejal Q. …………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(d)

(i)

Draw a labelled diagram for heating solid salt P in Reaction II. Lukiskan gambar rajah berlabel untuk pemanasan pepejal garam P dalam tindak balas II.


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[2 marks] (ii)

Write a chemical equation for reaction (d)(i). Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di (d)(i). ………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(e)

Marina has heated 2.67 g salt P in the laboratory. Calculate volume of gas R released at room condition. [Molar mass solid salt P = 267 g mol-1 ; 1 mol gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions] Marina telah memanaskan 2.67 g garam P dalam makmal. Hitungkan isipadu gas R yang dibebaskan dalam keadaan bilik. [Jisim molar pepejal garam P = 267 g mol-1 ; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]

[2 marks]

[SBP 2016, No 4] 4

Diagram 4 shows three types of salt that is commonly found in school laboratories and widely used in various industries. Rajah 4 menunjukkan tiga jenis garam yang biasa dijumpai di makmal sekolah dan banyak digunakan dalam pelbagai industri.

Magnesium nitrate Magnesium nitrat

Lead(II) carbonate Plumbum(II) karbonat

Copper(II) sulphate Kuprum(II) sulfat

Diagram 4/ Rajah 4 Based on Diagram 4; Berdasarkan Rajah 4;


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76 a)


(i) State the name of one soluble salt. Nyatakan nama satu garam terlarutkan. …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii)

Write the chemical formula of the salt. Tuliskan formula kimia garam tersebut. …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(iii)

What is the colour of the solid salt mention in (a)(i)? Apakah warna garam pepejal yang dinyatakan dalam (a)(i)? …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

b)

26.7 g of the carbonate salt was decomposed when strongly heated. 26.7 g garam karbonat tersebut telah terurai apabila di panaskan dengan kuat. (i)

What can be observed after solid carbonate salt is heated? Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan selepas pepejal garam karbonat dipanaskan? …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(ii)

Write a balanced chemical equation to show the decomposition process occurred. Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang untuk menunjukkan proses penguraian yang berlaku. …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(iii)

Determine the maximum volume of gas released from the decomposition process. Tentukan isipadu maksimum gas yang terbebas daripada proses penguraian ini. 3 [Relative atomic mass: Pb = 207; O = 16; C = 12; 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm at room conditions] 3 [Jisim atom relatif: Pb = 207; O = 16; C = 12; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm pada keadaan bilik]

[2 marks]


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77


Describe briefly how you can verify the present of anion in the sulphate salt. Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana anda dapat mengesahkan kehadiran anion di dalam garam sulfat tersebut.

c)

………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]

Chapter 9 : Manufactured Substances In Industries


1

Diagram 1 show stages of chemical reactions that involved in the Process Y in producing of sulphuric acid. Rajah 1 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat tindakbalas kimia yang terlibat dalam Proses Y bagi penghasilan asid sulfurik. Stage 1 / Peringkat 1 : S + O2 → SO2 Stage 2 / Peringkat 2 : 2SO2

+

O2 →

2 SO

3

Stage 3 / Peringkat 3 : SO3 +

………………

→

H

2S2O7

Stage 4 / Peringkat 4 : H2S2O7

+

H2O

→

2H2SO4

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1 (a)

(i)

State the name of process Y Nyatakan nama bagi proses Y. ……………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(ii)

(b)

(i)

Complete the chemical equation for Stage 3 in the Diagram 1. Lengkapkan persamaan kimia untuk Peringkat 3 dalam Rajah 1. [1 mark] State one substance from Process Y that gives the effect to environment. Nyatakan satu bahan daripada Proses Y yang memberi kesan kepada alam sekitar.


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……………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii)

Explain how the substance that you have stated in question (b) (i) can pollute the environment. Terangkan bagaimana bahan yang anda nyatakan dalam soalan b(i) boleh mencemarkan alam sekitar. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

(c)

Fertilizer ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4 can be produced from sulphuric acid. Baja ammonium sulfat, (NH4)2SO4 boleh dihasilkan daripada asid sulfurik. (i)

State the chemical formula of substance that added to sulphuric acid to produced ammonium sulphate. Nyatakan formula kimia bahan yang ditambah kepada asid sulfurik untuk menghasilkan ammonium sulfat. ……………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(ii)

Urea, (NH2)2CO and ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4 are two types of fertilizer. Calculate the percentage of nitrogen by mass in both fertilizers. Then, which substance is a better fertilizer for the growth of plants. [Relative atomic mass : H=1 ; C=12 ; N=14 ; O=16 ; S=32] Urea, (NH2)2CO dan ammonium sulfat, (NH4)2SO4 merupakan dua jenis baja. Hitungkan peratus nitrogen terhadap jisim bagi kedua-dua baja tersebut. Seterusnya, tentukan baja yang lebih baik bagi pertumbuhan tumbuhan. [Jisim atom relatif : H=1 ; C=12 ; N=14 ; O=16 ; S=32]

% nitrogen by mass of urea % nitrogen terhadap jisim bagi urea

% nitrogen by mass of ammonium sulphate % nitrogen terhadap jisim bagi ammonium sulfat

Better fertilizer : Baja terbaik

: ………………………………………….................................... [3 marks]


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[SPM 2016, No 2] (a)

Sofa is covered by a material that contains polymer X which consist of basic units. The structural formula for polymer X is shown in Diagram 2.1. Sofa dibalut dengan dengan bahan yang mengandungi polimer X yang terdiri daripada unit asas. Formula struktur bagi polimer X ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.1.


What is the meaning of polymer? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan polimer?

........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (ii)

State the name of the basic unit that forms polymer X. Nyatakan nama bagi unit asas yang membentuk polimer X.

........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (b)

Chlorine, Cl in polymer X as shown in Diagram 2.1 is replaced with methyl, CH 3 to form polymer Y. Klorin, Cl dalam polimer X seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.1 digantikan dengan metil, CH3 untuk membentuk polimer Y. (i)

Draw the structural formula for the basic unit of polymer Y. Lukis formula struktur bagi unit asas polimer Y.

[1 mark] (ii)

State the name of polymer Y. Nyatakan nama bagi polimer Y.

........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (iii)

State one similarity and one difference between the structural formulae of polymer Y and its basic unit in 2(b)(i).


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Nyatakan satu persamaan dan satu perbezaan antara formula struktur bagi polimer Y and unit asasnya di 2(b)(i). ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ [2 marks] (c)

Diagram 2.2/ Rajah 2.2 One of the uses of polymer is to make plastic bottle. Improper disposal of plastic bottles can cause pollution. Based on Diagram 2.2 and the pollution issue, faced by our nation, justify the use of polymer. Salah satu penggunaan polimer adalah mebuat botol plastik. Pelupusan botol plastic yang tidak terurus boleh menyebabkan pencemaran. Berdasarkan Rajah 2.2 dan isu pencemaran, yang dihadapi oleh negara kita, wajarkan penggunaan polimer.

................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................... [3 marks]


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[Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 1] Diagram 1.1 shows one of the uses of synthetic polymer and its structural formula. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan salah satu kegunaan polimer sintetik dan formula strukturnya.

Polymer X

Polimer X Diagram 1.1/ Rajah 1.1 (a)

(i)

State the meaning of polymer. Nyatakan maksud polimer.

........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (ii)

State the name polymer X. Nyatakan nama polimer X.

........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (iii)

Draw the structural formula of the monomer of polymer X. Lukiskan formula struktur monomer bagi polimer X.

[1 mark] (iv)

State one advantage of using X as water pipes compared to metal pipes. Nyatakan satu kelebihan menggunakan X sebagai paip air berbanding paip logam.

........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (b)

Borosilicate glass is one type of glass that is widely use. Kaca borosilikat merupakan salah satu jenis kaca yang banyak digunakan. (i)

State the main component of the glass. Nyatakan komponen utama kaca itu.

........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]


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82 (ii)


State one main characteristics of the borosilicate glass. Nyatakan satu sifat utama kaca borosilikat.

........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (iii)

State one use of the borosilicate glass in daily life. Nyatakan satu kegunaan kaca borosilikat di dalam kehidupan seharian.

........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (c)

Diagram shows a helmet thattopi is wear by motorist for theiroleh safety. Rajah 1.21.2 menunjukkan sebuah keledar yang digunakan penunggang motosikal untuk keselamatan mereka.

Material Y Bahan Y Diagram 1.2/ Rajah 1.2 Material Y is made up from the mixture of glass and plastic. Bahan Y diperbuat daripada campuran kaca dan plastik. (i)

State the name of material Y. Nyatakan nama bahan Y.

........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (ii)

State one advantage of material Y compared to borosilicate glass. Nyatakan kelebihan bahan Y berbanding kaca borosilikat.

........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]


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[MRSM 2016, No 2] 2

Diagram 2.1 shows three examples of manufactured substancesin industry Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan tiga contoh bahan buatan untuk industri.


R is an example of alloy. What is the meaning of alloy? R merupakan contoh aloi. Apakah maksud aloi? ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(b) Name the major component for the following substances: Namakan komponen utama untuk bahan-bahan berikut: Q: ………….…………………………….…

(c)

R : …………….………..………….…… [2 marks]

Diagram 2.2 shows a part of the structure of P. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan sebahagian struktur P.


Draw the structural formula for monomer. Lukis formula struktur monomer bagi P.

[1 mark] (ii)

Substance P is often used as a water pipe. State one advantage of this type of pipe compared to iron pipe.


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Bahan P selalu digunakan sebagai paip air. Nyatakan satu kelebihan paip jenis ini berbanding dengan paip besi.

………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 1] 1. Diagram 1 shows the production of compound M. Rajah 1 menunjukkan penghasilan bahan M. Process X

Sulphuric acid

Proses X

Asid sulfurik

Haber Process Proses Haber

Compound L Bahan L

Compound M Bahan M

Diagram 1/Rajah 1 (a) (i) Name process X. Namakan proses X. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii) In process X, the catalyst and high temperature is used to increase the rate of reaction. State the catalyst and the temperature used. Dalam proses X, mangkin dan suhu yang tinggi digunakan untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak

balas. Nyatakan mangkin dan suhu yang digunakan. Catalyst / Mangkin : ........................................Temperature / Suhu : ........................................ [2 marks] (iii) In Process X, sulphur trioxide gas is not directly dissolved into water to form liquid sulphuric acid. Explain why. Dalam Proses X, gas sulfur trioksida tidak terus dilarutkan ke dalam air untuk menghasilkan cecair asid sulfurik. Terangkan mengapa. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] (b) (i) What is the name of compound L that is produced through Haber process? Apakah nama bahan L yang terhasil melalui proses Haber. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]


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(ii) Compound L is produced when nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas. What is the ratio of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas reacted? Bahan L terhasil apabila gas nitrogen bertindak balas dengan gas hidrogen. Apakah nisbah gas nitrogen dan gas hidrogen yang bertindak balas? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (c) (i) Sulphuric acid reacts with compound L to produce compound M. Name compound M. Asid sulfurik bertindak balas dengan bahan L untuk menghasilkan bahan M. Namakan bahan M. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii) State one of the use of compound M. Nyatakan satu kegunaan bahan M. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (d)

Vulcanisation is a process used to enhance the quality of natural rubber. Diagram 5.2 below shows two products K and L made of rubber. Pemvulkanan adalah satu proses dijalankan untuk meningkatkan kualiti getah. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan dua produkK dan Lyang dihasilkan daripada getah.

Material K Bahan K

Material L Bahan L Diagram 5.2/Rajah 5.2

(i)

Choose the product that is made of vulcanised rubber. Pilih produk yang dibuat menggunakan getah tervulkan.

(ii)

Explain your choice in term of their properties. Terangkan pilihan anda dari segi sifatnya.

[1 mark]


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[2 marks] (iii)

Draw the structural formula of vulcanised rubber. Lukiskan formulastruktur bagi getah tervulkan.

[1 mark]


SPM 2017, Kimia 4541 A+

Modul Analisis Bertopik Kimia Tingkatan 4 2017

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