Analisis Bertopik SPM 2016

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Modul Analisis Bertopik Soalan Percubaan SPM Negeri 2016

MoDUL AnALiSIs BerTOpiK SOAlaN PeRCuBAAN SPM NeGeRI 2016

Disusun seikhlas hati: Mohd Fazdli Bin Mohd Nor SMK Pesisiran Perdana, Tangkak, Johor

Nama

:

Sekolah

:

Kelas

:

To Excel in Chemistry is to Love Chemistry

2

 The

Structure of Atoms  Chemical Formula and Equations  Periodic Table of Elements  Chemical Bonds  Acid and Bases  Electrochemistry  Salts  Manufactured Substances in Industry  Rate of Reaction  Carbon Compound  Oxidation & Reduction  Chemical for Consumer


…3 -13 …14 -22 …22 -

31 …31 -32 …32 -43 …44-49 …50-54 …55-62 …62 -66 …67 -79 …80 -92 …92 -94

2

 The

Structure of Atoms  Chemical Formula and Equations  Periodic Table of Elements  Chemical Bonds  Acid and Bases  Electrochemistry  Salts  Manufactured Substances in Industry  Rate of Reaction  Carbon Compound  Oxidation & Reduction  Chemical for Consumer


…3 -13 …14 -22 …22 -

31 …31 -32 …32 -43 …44-49 …50-54 …55-62 …62 -66 …67 -79 …80 -92 …92 -94

3


Chapter 2 : The Structure of The Atom [Pahang 2016, No 1] 1.

Diagram 1.1 shows Pn Aminah is frying chicken in the kitchen while Ali and his father are at the living room. Rajah 1.1 menunjukk menunjukkan an Pn Aminah sedang menggoreng menggoreng ayam di dapur dapur, manakala manakala Ali dan ayahnya berada di ruang tamu.

Diagram 1.1/ 1.1/ Rajah 1.1 (a) (i) The smell of fried chicken spreads to the living room. Name the process that occured. Bau ayam goreng goreng merebak merebak hingga ke ruang tamu. Namakan Namakan proses proses yang berlaku.

............................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Explain your answer in a(i) by using kinetic theory of matter. Terangkan jawapan anda di a(i) dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim.

................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................. [3 marks]

4


Diagram 1.2 shows the heating curve for solid naphthalene. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan lengkung pemanasan bagi pepejal naftalena. Temperature/0C Suhu / 0C D

B

C

A

Time/s Masa/s Diagram 1.2/ Rajah 1.2 (i)

On the graph above, show and label the melting point of naphthalene. Pada graf di atas, tunjuk dan labelkan takat lebur naftalena. [1 mark]

(ii) Draw the arrangement of particles of naphthalene at AB and CD Lukis susunan zarah naftalena pada AB dan CD.

AB

CD [2 marks]

(iii) Explain why the temperature remains constant from B to C. Terangkan mengapa suhu tidak berubah dari B ke C.

................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [2 marks]

5


[Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 2(d)] (d)

Diagram 2.2 shows the structure of an atom of one of the element in Diagram 2.1. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi salah satu unsur dalam Rajah 2.1. x

x x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Diagram 2.2/ Rajah 2.2 (i)

Table 2 shows the guide for structure in Diagram 2.2. Jadual 2 menunjukkan petunjuk bagi struktur atom dalam Rajah 2.2. Subatomic particle Zarah subatom

Name of subatomic particle Nama zarah subatom

x

Electron Elektron

Table 2/ Jadual 2 Complete Table 2. Lengkapkan Jadual 2. [2 marks] (ii)

Which element in Diagram 2.1*(refer page 25) has the structure of atom as in Diagram 2.2? Dengan menggunakan huruf dalam Rajah 2.1* (rujuk halaman 25), unsur manakah mempunyai struktur atom seperti dalam Rajah 2.2? ........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(iii)

Element stated in (d)(ii) is has an isotope. State the function of the isotope. Unsur yang dinyatakan di (d)(ii) mempunyai satu isotop. Nyatakan fungsi isotop itu. ........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

6


[SBP 2016, No 1] (1) Table 1 shows the number of proton and the number of neutron of atoms Y and Z Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron bagi atom Y dan Z. Atom Atom Y Z

Number of proton Bilangan proton 17 20

Number of neutron Bilangan neutron 18 20

Table 1/ Jadual 1 Based on Table 1: Berdasarkan Jadual 1: Write the electron arrangement of atom Y. Tulis susunan elektron bagi atom Y.

(i)

…………………………………………………………...………………………………………….. [1 mark] (ii)

State the period of atom Y in the Periodic Table of Element. Nyatakan kala bagi atom Y dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. ……………………………………………………………………………………..……………….. [1 mark]

(iii)

Give one reason for your answer in 1(a)(ii). Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan anda dalam 1(a)(ii). …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(iv)

Write the formula of Z ion. Tuliskan formula bagi ion Z. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(v)

State the nucleon number of atom Z. Nyatakan nombor nukleon atom Z. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

b)

Pineapple is a tropical plant which consists of many nutrients such as niacin or vitamin B3. Nenas adalah sejenis tanaman tropika yang mengandungi banyak nutrient seperti niasin atau vitamin B3. Diagram 1 shows a picture pineapple and the enlargement of the structural formula of niacin in a pineapple. Rajah 1 menunjukkan pembesaran struktur formula bagi niasin yang terdapat dalam nenas.

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Diagram 1/ Rajah 1 (i)

What is the molecular formula of niacin? Apakah formula molekul bagi niasin? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(ii)

State the type of particle in niacin. Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam niasin. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(iii)

10.0 kg of pineapple it consists of 5.0 g of niacin. What is the number of mole of niacin in 10 kg of pineapple? [Relative Atomic Mass: H=1, C=12, O=16, N=14] 10.0 kg nenas mengandungi 5.0 g niasin. Berapakah bilangan mol niasin dalam 10 kg nenas? [ Jisim Atom Relatif: H=1, C=12, O=16, N=14]

[2 marks]

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[MRSM 2016, No 1] 1

(a)

Diagram 1.1 shows the atomic structure of element T. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan struktur atom bagi unsur T.

Diagram 1.1/ Rajah 1.1 Based on Diagram 1.1; Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1; (i)

identify W. kenalpasti W. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(ii)

state the number of proton in element T. nyatakan bilangan proton bagi unsur T. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(iii)

write the electron arrangement for element T. tulis susunan elektron bagi unsur T. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(b)

(i)

Element T has a melting point of 180.5°C. Predict the physical state of element T at room temperature. Unsur T mempunyai takat lebur 180.5 °C. Ramalkan keadaan fizikal bagi unsur T pada suhu bilik. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(ii)

Based on the kinetic theory of matter, describe the arrangement and movement of particles of element T at room temperature. Berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim, huraikan susunan dan pergerakan zarah bagi unsur T pada suhu bilik. Arrangement of particles: ………….………….…………………………………………….. Susunan zarah :

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Movement of particles: ………….………….……………………………………………….. Pergerakan zarah: [2 marks] (c)

Diagram 1.2 shows the graph of temperature against time when liquid acetamide is cooled. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila cecair asetamida disejukkan.

Diagram 1.2/ Rajah 1.2 Based on Diagram 1.2; Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2; (i)

determine the freezing point of acetamide. tentukan takat beku bagi asetamida. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(ii)

the temperature of acetamide did not change from B to C. Explain why? suhu asetamida tiduk berubah dari B ke C. Terangkan mengapa? ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

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[Perlis 2016, No 2] 2

Table 2 shows the number of proton and the number of neutron in atom R, S and T. Jadual 2 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron dalam atom R, S dan T. Atom Atom

Number of proton Bilangan proton

Number of neutron Bilangan neutron

R

11

12

S

11

13

T

12

12

Table 2/ Jadual 2 (a)

State three subatomic particles of an atom. Nyatakan tiga zarah sub atom. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(b)

(i)

What is meant by isotope? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop? ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Which atoms are isotopes? Atom-atom yang manakah merupakan isotop? ..................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(iii)

State the radioisotope that is used to treat cancer diseases. Nyatakan radioisotop yang digunakan untuk merawat penyakit kanser . ..................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(c)

(i)

Write the electron arrangement of atom R. Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom R. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii)

What is valence electron of atom R? Apakah elektron valens bagi atom R?

11


.............................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (d)



Write the symbol for atom S in the form of  . 

Tuliskan simbol bagi atom S dalam bentuk  .

........................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (e)

(i)

Draw the electron arrangement of atom T. Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi atom T.

[1 mark] (ii)

State the position of element of atom T in the Periodic Table of Element. Nyatakan kedudukan unsur bagi atom T dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 2] 2. (a) Table 2.1 shows the number of protons and number of neutrons for atoms A, B, C, D and E. Jadual 2.1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron bagi atom A, B, C, D, dan E. Atom Atom A B C D E

Number of protons Bilangan proton 8 9 8 10 8 Table 2.1/ Jadual 2.1

Number of neutrons Bilangan neutron 8 10 9 10 10

Based on Table 2.1: Berdasarkan Jadual 2.1: (i) What is the meaning of isotope? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

12 (ii)


Which atoms are isotopes? Atom-atom manakah adalah isotop? …………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(iii)

Determine the nucleon number of atom C. Tentukan nombor nukleon bagi atom C. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..…… [1 mark]

(iv)

Write the electron arrangement for atom D. Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom D. ………………………………………………………………………………………….……… [1 mark]

(b) Table 2.2 shows the melting point and boiling point of lead(II) bromide. Jadual 2.2 menunjukkan takat lebur dan takat didih bagi plumbum(II) bromida. Melting point o  373 C Takat lebur Boiling point o  916 C Takat didih Table 2.2/ Jadual 2.2 (i) State the types of particles in lead(II) bromide. Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terkandung dalam plumbum(II) bromida. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (c) Table 2.2 shows the melting point and boiling point of lead(II) bromide. Jadual 2.2 menunjukkan takat lebur dan takat didih bagi plumbum(II) bromida. Melting point o  373 C Takat lebur Boiling point o  916 C Takat didih Table 2.2/ Jadual 2.2 (i) State the types of particles in lead(II) bromide. Nyatakan jenis zarah yang terkandung dalam plumbum(II) bromida. …..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

13


(ii) Sketch the graph temperature against time if lead(II) bromide is cooled from 500 oC to room temperature. Lakarkan graf suhu melawan masa sekiranya plumbum(II) bromida disejukkan daripada 500 oC ke suhu bilik.

[2 marks] (iii) What is the state of matter of lead(II) bromide at 500 oC? Apakah keadaan jirim plumbum(II) bromida pada suhu 500 oC? ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (iv) Draw the arrangement of particles in b(iii). Lukis susunan zarah dalam (b)(iii).

[1 mark]

14


Chapter 3 : Chemical Formulae and Equation [Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 3] 3

(a)

Diagram 3 shows an educational TV program. Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu rancangan TV pendidikan. Chemists use unit of mol to measure the quantity of a substance. Ahli kimia menggunakan unit mol untuk menyukat kuantiti bahan.

Diagram 3/ Rajah 3 (i)

What is the meaning of a mole? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan satu mol ? ......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Calculate the numbers of particles in 0.01 mol of iron. [Avogadro constant = 6.02 X 10 23 mol-1] Hitungkan bilangan zarah-zarah dalam 0.01 mol besi. [ Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 X 1023 mol-1]

[1 mark] (b)

The equation below is not a balance chemical equation: Persamaan dibawah adalah bukan persamaan kimia yang seimbang: ........Fe(s) + ........O 2(g)  ........Fe 2O3(s) Fe(p) + O2(g) Fe2O3(p) (i)

Balance the chemical equation above. Seimbangkan persamaan kimia di atas. [1 mark]

(ii)

Interpret the chemical equation qualitatively and quantitatively. Tafsirkan persamaan itu secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

15 (c)


Alkene E is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. E contains 85.7% of carbon, 14.3% of hydrogen, by mass, and the relative molecular mass of E is 42. [Relative atomic mass : H=1; C=12] Alkena E adalah suatu hidrokarbon tak tepu. E mengandungi 85.7% karbon,14.3% hidrogen mengikut jisim dan jisim molekul relatif bagi E ialah 42. [ Jisim atom relatif : H=1 ; C=12] (i)

Determine the empirical formula of E. Tentukan formula empirik bagi E.

[3 marks] (ii)

Determine the molecular formula of E. Tentukan formula molekul bagi E.

[2 marks]

[Perlis 2016, No 3] 3

Diagram 3.1 shows the structural formulae of compound Q. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan formula struktur sebatian Q.

H

H

O

C

C

H

O

H

H

C

C

H

H

H

Diagram 3.1/ Rajah 3.1

(a)

(i)

What is meant by molecular formulae? Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan formula molekul? ..................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

16 (ii)


Complete the table 3 below. Lengkapkan jadual 3 dibawah. Structural formula Formula struktur

H H

C H

O C

O

Molecular Empirical formula formula Formula molekul Formula empirik

H

H

C

C

H

H

H

……………....

………………..

[2 marks] (iii)

(b)

The relative molecular mass of Mg 3(XO4)2 ialah 262. What is the relative atomic mass of element X. [Relative atomic mass: Mg; 24, O; 16] Jisim molekul relative bagi Mg 3(XO4 )2 adalah 262. Apakah jisim atom relatif bagi elemen X. [ Jisim atom relative : Mg;24, O; 16 ]

[2 marks] Diagram 3.2 shows the apparatus set-up for the heating of copper (II) carbonate, CuCO 3 powder. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi pemanasan serbuk kuprum (II) karbonat, CuCO3.

Copper (II) carbonate powder Serbuk kuprum (II) karbonat Heat Panaskan Lime water Air kapur


State one observation of this experiment Nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini. ..................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

17 (ii)


Name the gas released in this experiment. Namakan gas yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen ini. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(iii)

Write a balanced equation for this reaction. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindakbalas ini. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(iv)

6.4 g of cuprum (II) carbonate powder, CuCO 3 is heated during this experiment. Calculate the volume of gas released. [Relative atomic mass:C=12; O=16;Cu=64; 1 mol gas occupies 24 dm 3 at room temperature] 6.4g serbuk kuprum(II) karbonat, CuCO3 dipanaskan semasa eksperimen ini. Hitung isipadu gas yang dibebaskan. [ Jisim atom relatif :C=12; O=16;Cu=64; 1 mol gas occupies 24 dm 3 pada suhu bilik ]

[2 marks]

[Terengganu 2016, No 3] 3

Diagram 3 shows the structural formula of compound X. Rajah 3 menunjukkan formula struktur sebatian X.

Diagram 3/ Rajah 3 (a)

State the name of the element represented by the symbol C in Diagram 3. Nyatakan nama bagi unsur yang diwakili dengan simbol C dalam Rajah 3. ................................................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

18 (b)


State the meaning of empirical formula. Nyatakan maksud bagi formula empirik. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(c)

(i)

Write the molecular formula and the empirical formula of compound X. Tuliskan formula molekul dan formula empirik bagi sebatian X. Molecular formula: Formula molekul: ……………………………………………………………………………………… Empirical formula Formula empirik: ……………………………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks] (ii) State one similaritiy and one difference between the molecular formula and the empirical formula in (c)(i). Nyatakan satu persamaan dan satu perbezaan antara formula molekul dan formula empirik dalam (c)(i). ....................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... [2 marks] (d)

(i)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction between compound X and magnesium. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara sebatian X dengan magnesium ....................................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

(ii)

Calculate the mass of magnesium reacts with 1 mol of compound X. [Relative atomic mass:Mg=24] Hitung jisim magnesium yang bertindak balas lengkap dengan 1 mol sebatian X. [ Jisim atom relatif :Mg=24] .

[2 marks]

19


[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 3] 3. Diagram 3 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. Rajah 3 menunjukkan menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik magnesium oksida. Lid penutup Magnesium ribbon Pita magnesium

Crucible Mangkuk pijar

Heat panaskan Diagram 3/ Rajah 3 (a) When carrying out the experiment, why does the crucible lid need to be opened once awhile? Semasa menjalankan eksperimen, mengapakah penutup mangkuk pijar perlu dibuka sekali sekala? …..………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (b) Table 3 shows the results of the experiment Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini. Description Penerangan

Mass of crucible + lid Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium oksida Table 3/ Rajah 3

Mass (g) Jisim (g)

21.45 23.85 25.45

Based on Table 3, determine the value of the following: Berdasarkan Jadual 3, tentukan nilai yang berikut: [Relative atomic mass : O,16; Mg, 24] [ Jisim atom relatif : O,16; Mg, 24] (i)

Mass of magnesium Jisim magnesium

[1 mark]

20


(ii) Number of moles of magnesium Bilangan mol magnesium

[1 mark] (iii) Mass of oxygen Jisim oksigen

[1 mark] (iv) Number of moles of oxygen Bilangan mol oksigen

[1 mark] (v)

Empirical formula of magnesium oxide Formula empirik magnesium oksida …..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara magnesium dan oksigen …..………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks] (d) Can the method above be used to determine the empirical formula of lead(II) oxide? Give a reason. Bolehkah kaedah di atas digunakan untuk menentukan formula empirik plumbum(II) oksida? Berikan satu sebab. …...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

21


[Pahang 2016, No 2] 2.

Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide. Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik kuprum(II) oksida. Copper(II) oxide Kuprum(II) oksida H2 H2

Heat Panaskan

Solution X Larutan X Metal Y Logam Y

Anhydrous calcium chloride Kalsium klorida kontang Diagram 2/ Rajah 2

(a) State the meaning of empirical formula. Nyatakan maksud formula empirik. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (b) Solution X and metal Y reacts to produce hydrogen gas. State the name of solution X and metal Y. Larutan X dan logam Y bertindak balas menghasilkan gas hidrogen. Nyatakan nama bagi larutan X dan logam Y. Solution X : ………………………………………………………………………..... Larutan X Metal Y : ………………………………………………………………………...... Logam Y [2 marks] (c) What is the function of anhydrous calcium chloride? Apakah fungsi kalsium klorida kontang? ……………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (d) (i) State the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide Nyatakan formula empirik bagi kuprum(II) oksida. ………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

22


(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen gas and copper(II) oxide Tuliskan persamaan seimbang bagi tindak balas antara gas hidrogen dan kuprum(II) oksida ……...…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (e) How to ensure that all of the copper(II) oxide has been reduced to copper? Bagaimana untuk memastikan semua kuprum(II) oksida telah diturunkan kepada kuprum? ………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (f)

Can the empirical formula for aluminium oxide be determine by using this method? Give one reason for your answer. Bolehkan formula empirik bagi aluminium oksida ditentukan dengan menggunakan kaedah ini? Berikan satu alasan bagi jawapan anda. …..…………………………………………………………………………………….. ..……………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

Chapter 4 : The Periodic Table of Elements [SBP 2016, No 2] 2

Diagram 2.1 shows the standard representation for the atoms of three elements from Group 17 in the Periodic Table of Element. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai atom bagi tiga unsur daripada Kumpulan 17 di dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

80 35 Bromine Bromin

35 17 Chlorine Klorin

127 53 Iodine Iodin

Diagram 2.1/ Rajah 2.1 (a)

What is represented by the number 35 in 80 35 . Apakah yang diwakili oleh nombor 35 dalam 80 35 ........................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

23 (b)


State the number of valence electrons of bromine atom. Nyatakan bilangan elektron valens pada pada atom bromin. ........................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(c)

(i)

Compare the size of the chlorine atom with the bromine atom. Bandingkan saiz atom klorin dengan atom bromin. .................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

(ii)

Explain your answer in (c) (i) Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (c) (i). .................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

(d)

Chlorine reacts with sodium to form a compound. Klorin bertindak balas dengan natrium membentuk satu sebatian Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed. Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk. [Proton number Na = 11][ Nombor proton Na = 11]

[2 marks] (e)

Diagram 2.2 shows the reaction occured when iodine dissolve in water. A piece of litmus paper is dipped into the solution formed. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan tindakbalas yang berlaku apabila iodin di larutkan ke dalam air. Sekeping kertas litmus dicelupkan ke dalam larutan yang terhasil.


24 (i)


State the observation on the litmus paper Nyatakan pemerhatian pada kertas litmus. ................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii)

Give a reason for your answer in (e)(i) Berikan alasan bagi jawapan anda dalam (e)(i) ................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

[Terengganu 2016, No 2] 2

Diagram 2 shows the position of five elements; A, B, C, D and E in the Periodic Table. The letters listed below are not the actual symbols of the elements. Rajah 2 menunjukkan kedudukan lima unsur; A, B, C, D dan E dalam Jadual Berkala. Huruf yang disenaraikan di bawah bukan simbol yang sebenar bagi unsur-unsur .

Diagram 2/ Rajah 2 Based on Diagram 2, answer the following questions: Berdasarkan Rajah 2, jawab soalan-soalan berikut: (a)

What is the basic principle used in arranging the elements in Periodic Table of Elements? Apakah prinsip asas yang digunakan dalam penyusunan unsur-unsur dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur? ........................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(b)

(c)

State two elements that are placed in the same group. Nyatakan dua unsur yang terletak dalam kumpulan yang sama. ........................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] State the position of element B and give a reason. Nyatakan kedudukan unsur B dan berikan alasan. ........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

25 (d)


Compare the reactivity between element C and E. Explain your answer. Bandingkan kereaktifan antara unsur C dan E . Jelaskan jawapan anda. ........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................... [3 marks]

(e)

Arrange the atomic size of A, B, C, D and E in descending order. Susun saiz atom-atom A, B, C, D dan E mengikut tertib susunan menurun. ........................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(f)

Nickel is well known as a useful catalyst for hydrogenation reaction in manufacture of margarine. State the element with similar properties with nickel. Nikel terkenal sebagai mangkin dalam tindak balas penghidrogenan dalam pembuatan marjerin. Nyatakan unsur yang mempunyai sifat yang sama dengan nikel. ........................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

[Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 2] 2

Diagram 2.1 shows a portion of the Periodic Table of Elements. The letters listed below are not the actual symbols of the elements. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. Huruf yang disenaraikan di bawah bukan simbol yang sebenar bagi unsur-unsur . 1

2

13

14

15

16

17

1 2 3 4

18 Z

X V W

Y

5 Diagram 2.1/ Rajah 2.1 (a)

By using the letters in Diagram 2.1, which element exists as a monoatomic? Give a reason. Dengan menggunakan huruf-huruf dalam Rajah 2.1, unsur manakah wujud sebagai monoatom? Berikan satu alasan. .................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

26 (b)


Element W belong to a group that has special characteristics which differentiate it from the other group. Name the group and state one special characteristic of the group. Unsur W tergolong dalam kumpulan yang mempunyai ciri-ciri istimewa yang membezakannya daripada kumpulan lain. Namakan kumpulan itu dan nyatakan satu ciri istimewa kumpulan itu. .................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

(c)

Write the chemical equation when Y is dissolved in water. Tulis persamaan kimia apabila Y dilarutkan dalam air . .................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

[Kedah 2016, No 1] 1.

Diagram 1 shows a part of the Periodic Table of Elements. W, X, Y and Z are not the actual symbols of the elements. Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. W, X, Y dan Z bukan simbol sebenar unsur tersebut. W X

Y Z

Diagram 1/ Rajah 1 Based on Diagram 1, Berdasarkan Rajah 1 , (a)

(i)

Write an electron arrangement of atom W. Tuliskan susunan electron bagi atom W. .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii)

Which of the element is halogen? Unsur manakah adalah halogen? .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

27 (b)


The information below shows the special characteristics of an element in Diagram 1. Maklumat di bawah menunjukkan ciri istimewa bagi suatu unsur dalam Rajah 1. 



Form coloured compounds Membentuk sebatian berwarna Acts as catalyst Bertindak sebagai mangkin

Which element shows the above characteristics? Unsur manakah menunjukkan ciri di atas? .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (c)

The atomic size of Y is smaller than X. Explain why. Saiz atom Ylebih kecil daripada atom X. Terangkan mengapa. .................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

(d)

Element Q has three shells occupied with electron and three valence electrons. Mark Q, in Diagram 1 to indicate the position of element Q. Element Q mempunyai tiga petala berisi elektron dan tiga elektron valens. Tanda Q, di dalam Rajah 1bagi menunjukkan kedudukan unsur Q. [1 mark]

(e)

When a small piece of element X is put into water, alkaline solution is formed and hydrogen gas is released. Apabila satu ketulan kecil unsur X dimasukkan kedalam air, larutan beralkali terhasil dan gas hidrogen terbebas. (i)

Write a chemical equation for this reaction. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas ini. .................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

(ii)

Element A is located below element X in the Periodic Table of Elements. Compare the reactivity of element A and element X when react with water. Unsur A berada di bawah unsur X dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Bandingkan kereaktifan unsur A dan unsur X apabila bertindak balas dengan air. .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

28


[Pahang 2016, No 3] 3.

Diagram 3 shows some of the elements in the periodic table of elements. Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian unsur-unsur kala 3 dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

Na

Mg

Al

Cl

Ar

Diagram 3 / Rajah 3 (a) Based on Diagram 3, answer the following question. Berdasarkan Rajah 3, jawab soalan berikut: (i)

State group of Cl in the Periodic Table of Elements. Nyatakan kumpulan bagi unsur Cl dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii) State which element that exists as a metal Nyatakan unsur manakah yang wujud sebagai logam. .................................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (b) (i) State which element formed an amphoteric oxide. Nyatakan unsur manakah yang membentuk oksida amfoterik ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Based on answer in (b)(i), write the formula for the compound formed. Berdasarkan jawapan di (b)(i), tuliskan formula bagi sebatian yang terbentuk. ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (c) Element Mg and Cl can react to form a compound. Unsur Mg dan Cl boleh bertindak balas membentuk satu sebatian . (i)

Write the chemical formula of the compound formed. Tuliskan formula kimia bagi sebatian yang terbentuk. ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

29


(ii) Explain how the compound in (c)(i) f ormed. Terangkan bagaimana pembentukan sebatian (c)(i) terhasil.

Mg = ................................................................................................................................ Cl = ................................................................................................................................ [2 marks] (iii) Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed. Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk

[2 marks] (iv) State one physical properties of these compounds. Nyatakan satu sifat fizik sebatian ini. .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 4] 4. Diagram 4 shows the position of several elements Q, R, S, T, U, W and X. Rajah 4 menunjukkan kedudukan beberapa unsur-unsur Q, R, S, T, U, W dan X. Q

R S

U

T

W X

Diagram 4/ Rajah 4 Based on Diagram 4: Berdasarkan Rajah 4: (a) State on element that is halogen. Nyatakan satu unsur halogen. …...…..…………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

30


(b) (i) State one element that is monoatomic. Nyatakan satu unsur monoatom. …...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii) Why does the element in b (i) exist as monoatomic? Mengapakah unsur dalam b(i) wujud sebagai monoatom? …...…..…………………………………………………………………………………………… …...…..…………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] (c) (i) Identify the element that reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas. Kenal pasti unsur yang bertindak balas dengan air untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen. …...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction in c(i). Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas di c(i). …...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 mark]

(d) Identify the element that can forms a coloured solution when dissolved in water. Kenal pasti unsur yang menghasilkan larutan yang berwarna apabila dilarutkan dalam air. …...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (e)

Gas Q   

light / ringan flammable / mudah terbakar colourless / tidak berwarna

Gas R   

light / ringan not reactive / tidak reaktif colourless / tidak berwarna

Based on the above information, which gas is more suitable to be used in meteorological balloons? Give one reason. Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, gas yang manakah lebih sesuai digunakan dalam belon kaji cuaca?Berikan satu sebab.

…...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

31


Chapter 5 : Chemical Bonds [Kedah 2016, No 3] 3

Diagram 3 shows standard representation of element X, Y and Z. Rajah3 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai bagi unsur X, Y dan Z.

23 11 

12 6

16 8


(i)

State the valence electron of element Y. Nyatakan elektron valen bagi unsur Y. .................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

What is the physical state of element Y at room temperature? Apakah keadaan fizik unsur Y pada suhu bilik ? .................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(b)

Element Y and element Z can react to form a compound. Unsur Y dan unsur Z boleh bertindakbalas untuk membentuk suatu sebatian. (i)

Write the formula of the compound. Tuliskan formula sebatian itu. .................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Explain the melting point and boiling point of the compound. Terangkan tentang takat lebur dan takat didih bagi sebatian itu. .................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. [3 marks]

(c)

Element X and element Z can react to form a compound. Unsur X dan unsur Z boleh bertindak balas untuk membentuk suatu sebatian. (i)

Write chemical equation for the reaction between element X and Z. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara unsur X dan Z.

32


.................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii)

Draw the electron arrangement of the compound. Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian itu.

[2 marks]

Chapter 6 : Asid and Bases [Terengganu 2016, No 5] 5

Table 5 shows the information about four solutions; P, Q, R and S. P, Q, R and S may be acid or alkali. Jadual 5 menunjukkan maklumat tentang empat larutan P, Q, R dan S. Larutan P, Q, R dan S mungkin asid atau alkali. Solution Larutan

Information Maklumat

pH value Nilai pH

P

Ionised completely in water Mengion lengkap dalam air

2

Q

Ionised partially in water Mengion separa lengkap dalam air

6

R

Ionised completely in water Mengion lengkap dalam air

13

S

Ionised partially in water Mengion separa lengkap dalam air

8

Table 5 / Jadual 5 (a)

State the meaning of alkali. Nyatakan maksud alkali. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………... [1 mark ]

(b)

Based on Table 5, state the Berdasarkan Jadual 5 , nyatakan (i)

strong alkali / alkali kuat : ………………………………………………….……...

33 (ii)

(c)


weak acid / asid lemah

: ………………………………………………………..... [2 marks] Diagram 5.1 shows a bottle of powder malic acid. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan sebotol serbuk asid malik.

Diagram 5.1 / Rajah 5.1 Malic acid is a weak acid which is found naturally in green apples and in a wide variety of unripe fruits. Asid malik merupakan suatu asid lemah yang wujud secara semula jadi dalam epal hijau dan juga dalam pelbagai jenis buah-buahan yang belum masak. Describe a chemical test to prove that the malic acid is an acid. Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk membuktikan bahawa asid malik merupakan suatu asid. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………... [3 marks] (d)

Diagram 5.2 shows a volumetric flask containing 500 cm 3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution. This solution is known as a standard solution. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan sebuah kelalang volumetrik yang mengandungi 500 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3. Larutan ini dikenali sebagai larutan piawai.

Graduation mark Tanda senggatan 500 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution 500 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3 Diagram 5.2 / Rajah 5.2

34 (i)


To prepare the standard solution in Diagram 5.2, a student added x g of solid sodium hydroxide into a 500 cm3 volumetric flask. Then, distilled water is added until graduation mark is reached. Untuk menyediakan larutan piawai seperti dalam Rajah 5.2, seorang pelajar telah menambahkan x g pepejal natrium hidroksida ke dalam sebuah kelalang volumetrik 500 cm3. Kemudian, air suling ditambahkan sehingga mencapai tanda senggatan. Calculate the value of x . Hitungkan nilai x . [Molar mass of sodium hydroxide, NaOH = 40] [ Jisim molar bagi natrium hidroksida, NaOH = 40]

[2 marks] (ii)

The standard solution in Diagram 5.2 is used to determine the concentration of a sample of sulphuric acid by titration method. Diagram 5.3 shows the apparatus set-up used. Larutan piawai dalam Rajah 5.2 digunakan untuk menentukan kepekatan satu contoh asid sulfurik menggunakan kaedah pentitratan. Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan susunan alat radas yang digunakan.

Sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik 50.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution + phenolphthalein indicator 50.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3 + penunjuk fenolftalein

Diagram 5.3 / Rajah 5.3

35


Complete neutralisation of 50.0 cm 3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution required 25.0 cm3 of the sulphuric acid. Peneutralan lengkap 50.0 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 2.0 mol dm-3 memerlukan 25.0 cm3 asid sulfurik. Calculate the concentration of the sulphuric acid in mol dm -3. Hitungkan kepekatan asid sulfurik tersebut dalam mol dm-3.

[3 marks]


(a)

Table 4 shows the pH value of different concentration of ethanoic acid solutions. Jadual 4 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi larutan asid etanoik dalam kepekatan yang berbeza. Set Set I II

(i)

Concentration (mol dm-3) Kepekatan, (mol dm-3) 0.1 0.01 Table 4 / Jadual 4

pH value Nilai pH 3 4

Draw the structural formula of ethanoic acid. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi asid etanoik .

[1 mark] (ii)

The pH values of ethanoic acid in set I and set II are different. Give a reason. Nilai pH asid etanoik di dalam set I dan set II adalah berbeza. Berikan satu alasan. ......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

36 (b)


Diagram 4 shows the series of reactions involving ammonia. Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas yang melibatkan ammonia.

Ammonia Ammonia

+ Solvent X + Pelarut X

Solution P Larutan P Process Y Proses Y

+ Nitric acid + Asid nitrik

Solution Q Larutan Q Diagram 4/ Rajah 4 (i)

Write the chemical formula of ammonia. Tuliskan formula kimia bagi ammonia. ......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

State the type of particles in ammonia. Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam ammonia. ......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(iii)

Solution P change red litmus paper to blue. State the particle that cause the changes. Larutan P menukarkan kertas litmus merah ke biru. Nyatakan zarah yang menyebabkan perubahan itu. ......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(iv)

Write a balanced chemical equation for reaction between solution P and nitric acid. Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas antara larutan P dengan asid nitrik. ......................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

(v)

Name process Y. Namakan proses Y. ......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(vi)

Describe briefly how to confirm the present of anion in solution Q. Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana anda dapat mengesahkan anion yang terdapat di dalam larutan Q.

37


......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... [3 marks]

[Kedah 2016, No 4] 4.

Diagram 4.1 shows the reading of pH meter, dipped into acid solutions P, Q, R and S. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan bacaan meter pH, yang dicelup ke dalam larutan asid P, Q, R dan S.

pH1.0

pH2.0

pH3.0

pH4.0

Solution P Larutan P

Solution Q Larutan Q

Solution R Larutan R

Solution S Larutan S


State the meaning of acid. Nyatakan maksud asid. .................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(b)

Which of the solutions has the lowest degree of ionisation? Larutan yang manakah mempunyai darjah pengionan yang terendah? .................................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(c)

Solution P, Q, R and S have different pH values. Larutan P, Q, R dan S mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza. (i)

Which solution is a strong acid? Larutan manakah adalah suatu asid kuat ? ........................................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(ii)

Based on the concentration of hydrogen ion, explain your answer in c(i). Berdasarkan kepekatan ion hidrogen, terangkan jawapan anda dalam c(i). ......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

38 (d)


Diagram 4.2 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the end point of neutralisation between 1.0 moldm-3 sulphuric acid added to 20 cm 3 of sodium hydroxide solution. The ammeter readings are recorded for each 5cm 3 addition of sulphuric acid. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan takat akhir peneutralan antara asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3 yang ditambahkan ke dalam 20 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida. Bacaan ammeter direkodkan setiap kali 5 cm3asid sulfurik ditambahkan. 1.0 moldm-3 sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik 1.0 moldm-3

A 20 cm3 natrium hydroxide solution 20 cm3larutan natrium hidroksida

Carbon electrodes Elektrod-elektrod karbon

Diagram 4.2/ Rajah 4.2 A graph of the ammeter readings versus the volumes of sulphuric acid is as shown in Diagram 4.2. Graf bacaan ammeter melawan isi padu asid sulfurik ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2. Ammeter reading (A) Bacaan ammeter (A) 3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0 0

5

10

15

20

25

Volume of sulphuric acid (cm 3) Isipadu asid sulfurik (cm3)


39 (i)


Based on Diagram 4.3, determine the volume of sulphuric acid needed when the end point is achieved. Berdasarkan Rajah 4.3 , tentukan isipadu asid sulfurik yang diperlukan apabila takat akhir dicapai. ......................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Write a chemical equation for this reaction. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini. ........................................................................................................................................................ [2 marks]

(iii)

Calculate the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution. Hitungkan kemolaran larutan natrium hidroksida.

[3 marks]

40


[MRSM 2016, No 3] 3

Table 3 shows the information of two substances; E and F. Jadual 3 menunjukkan maklumat bagi dua bahan; E dan F.

Substance

E

F

Bahan

As food flavouring and preservative. Sebagai perisa dan pengawet makanan.

As electrolyte in car battery. Sebagai elektrolit dalam bateri kereta.

Uses Kegunaan


(i)

State the ion that causes the acidic properties of E and F. Nyatakan ion yang menyebabkan sifat keasidan bagi E dan F. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(ii)

State one example for substance E and F. Nyatakan satu contoh bahan E dan F. E: ………….…………………………….…

(iii)

F : …………….………..………….…… [2 marks]

At the same concentration, pH value of E is higher than F. Explain why? Pada kepekatan yang sama, nilai pH bagi E adalah lebih tinggi daripada F. Jelaskan mengapa? ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

41 (iv)


Describe a chemical test to verify substance F. Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengesahkan bahan F. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(b)

The chemical equation for the reaction between acid H2X and zinc carbonate powder is as follows: Persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di antara asid H2X dan serbuk zink karbonat adalah seperti berikut: H2X + ZnCO3 → ZnX + CO2 + H2O Acid H2X reacts with zinc carbonate to produce 448 cm 3 of carbon dioxide gas at standard temperature and pressure. Calculate the mass of zinc carbonate used in this reaction. [Relative atomic mass; Zn = 65, C = 12, O = 16, Molar volume of gas = 22.4 dm 3 mol-1] Asid H 2 X bertindak balas dengan zink karbonat untuk menghasilkan 448 cm3 gas karbon dioksida pada suhu dan tekanan piawai. Kira jisim zink karbonat yang digunakan dalam tindak balas ini. [Jisim atom relatif; Zn = 65, C = 12, O = 16, Isipadu molar gas = 22.4 dm 3mol -1 ]

[3 marks]

[Pahang 2016, No 4] 4.

(a) Diagram 4.1 shows the pH value of hydrochloric acid and acid X of the same molarity. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi asid hidroklorik dan asid X yang mempunyai kemolaran yang sama. 1.0

Hydrochloric acid

4.0

Asid hidroklorik

Beaker M Bikar M Diagram 4.1/ Rajah 4.1 (i)

Acid X

Asid X

Beaker N Bikar N

Based on the information in Diagram 4.1, suggest acid X. Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Rajah 4.1, cadangkan asid X. ................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

42


(ii) Explain why the pH value of aqueous solution of acid X is higher than the pH value of hydrochloric acid

Jelaskan mengapa nilai pH larutan akueus asid X lebih tinggi berbanding nilai pH asid hidroklorik. ................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................... [2 marks] (iii) When water is added into beaker M, what happen to the pH value of the hydrochloric acid? Give reason to your answer. Apabila air ditambahkan ke dalam bikar M, apakah yang akan terjadi pada nilai pH asid hidroklorik? Berikan alasan anda.

................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ [2 marks] (b) Diagram 4.2 shows the steps involved in the preparation of a standard solution X. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan langkah-langkah yang terlibat dalam penyediaan larutan piawai X.

Calculate the mass of X solute needed Hitung jisim bahan terlarut X yang diperlukan

Weight out the exact mass of X solute needed Timbang jisim bahan terlarut X dengan tepat

Dissolve the solute X in a small amount of distilled water Larutkan bahan terlarut X ke dalam sejumlah kecil air suling

Transfer the dissolved X solute into a suitable volumetric flask Pindahkan larutan X ke dalam kelalang volumetrik yang bersesuaian

Add enough water until reach graduation mark. Tambah air sehingga mencapai tanda senggatan.

Standard solution X Larutan piawai X Diagram 4.2/ Rajah 4.2

43 (i)


State the meaning of standard solution Nyatakan maksud larutan piawai. ................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii) The concentration of standard solution X produced is 1.0 mol dm -3. By using the standard solution produced, Nazmi need to prepare solution X with a lower concentration. Name the method used to prepare a solution with lower concentration. Kepekatan larutan piawai X yang terhasil adalah 1.0 mol dm -3. Dengan menggunakan larutan piawai yang dihasilkan, Nazmi perlu menyediakan larutan X dengan kepekatan yang lebih rendah. Namakan kaedah yang perlu digunakan untuk menyediakan larutan dengan kepekatan yang lebih rendah.

................................................................................................................................ [1 mark] (iii)

A volumetric flask is more suitable to be used to prepare standard solution rather than a beaker. Why? Kelalang volumetric lebih sesuai digunakan untuk menyediakan larutan piawai berbanding bikar. Mengapa? .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(iv)

Calculate the volume of 2.0 mol dm -3 sulphuric acid, H 2SO4 needed to prepare 100 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, H 2SO4. Hitung isipadu 2.0 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik, H 2SO4 yang diperlukan untuk menyediakan 100 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik, H 2SO4.

[2 marks]

44


Chapter 7 : Electrochemistry [Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 5] 5

Diagram 5 shows two electrolytic cells with different concentration of sodium chloride solution as the electrolyte. Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua sel elektrolisis dengan larutan natrium klorida sebagai elektrolit.

0.001 mol dm-3 Sodium chloride solution Larutan natrium klorida 0.001 mol dm-3

1.0 mol dm-3 Sodium chloride solution Larutan natrium klorida 1.0 mol dm-3

Carbon electrode Elektrod karbon

Cell I

Cell II Diagram 5/ Rajah 5

(a)

Write the formula of all anions and cations present in sodium chloride solution. Tuliskan formula bagi semua anion dan kation yang terdapat dalam larutan natrium klorida. Anions : ............................................... Cations : ................................................... Anion Kation [2 marks]

(b)

Based on Cell I and Cell II in Diagram 5, Berdasarkan Sel I dan Sel II dalam Rajah 5 , (i)

Name the product formed at the anode. Namakan hasil yang terbentuk di anod. Cell I Sel I

:

........................................................................

Cell II : Sel II

......................................................................... [2 marks]

(ii)

Write the half equations for the reactions at the anode. Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di anod. Cell I Sel I

:

......................................................................

Cell II : Sel II

...................................................................... [2 marks]

45 (c)


A colourless gas is produced at the cathode of Cell II and the gas is collected in a test tube. Describe one chemical test to identify the gas produced. Gas tanpa warna yang terhasil di katod dalam Sel II telah dikumpulkan dalam sebuah tabung uji. Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengenalpasti gas itu. .................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................. [2 marks]

(d)

A voltaic cell can generate electricity. By choosing any two metal strips given in the box, draw a labelled diagram of apparatus set-up of a voltaic cell that can produce the highest voltage. Sel voltan boleh menghasilkan arus elektrik. Dengan memilih mana-mana dua kepingan logam yang diberi dalam kotak, lukiskan satu rajah berlabel bagi susunan radas sel voltan bagi menghasilkan voltan paling tinggi. Magnesium strip Kepingan Magnesium

Copper strip Kepingan Kuprum

Silver strip Kepingan Argentum

[2 marks]

46


[MRSM 2016, No 4] 4

Diagram 4.1 shows two metals inserted in a potato that contains phosphoric acid, H3PO4. A student found that the light emitting diode (LED) bulb is lighted. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan dua logam yang dimasukkan ke dalam kentang yang mengandungi asid fosforik, H3PO4. Seorang pelajar mendapati mentol diod pemancar cahaya (LED) tersebut menyala.

Iron Ferum

Magnesium Magnesium

Diagram 4.1/ Rajah 4.1 (a) Name the type of cell in Diagram 4.1. Namakan jenis sel dalam Rajah 4.1. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (b)

State the energy conversion that occur in the cell stated in (a). Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel yang dinyatakan di (a). ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(c)

Write the half equation for the reaction that occurs at positive terminal. Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindakbalas yang berlaku di terminal positif. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

(d)

If the experiment is repeated by using a series circuit containing three potatoes, suggest the suitable apparatus to replace LED to show electrical conductivity. Sekiranya eksperimen diulang dengan litar sesiri mengandungi tiga biji kentang, cadangkan radas yang sesuai untuk menggantikan LED bagi menunjukkan kekonduksian elektrik. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(e)

A teacher asks the students to modify the above cell to produce brighter LED light as shown in Diagram 4.2. Seorang guru mengarahkan pelajar-pelajarnya untuk mengubahsuai sel di atas supaya cahaya LED yang terhasil lebih terang seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2

47

Magnesium Magnesium


Metal X Logam X


State one example of metal X. Nyatakan satu contoh logam X. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(ii)

Explain your answer in e(i). Terangkan jawapan anda di e(i). ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(f)

(i)

Suggest a fruit that can be used to replace potato to make the bulb lights up. Cadangkan sejenis buah yang boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan kentang bagi menyalakan mentol. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(ii)

Explain your answer in f(i). Terangkan jawapan anda di f(i). ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

48


[SBP 2016, No 3] 3. Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus to purify the impure copper metal by using electrolysis process. Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan alat radas untuk menulenkan logam kuprum tak tulen dengan menggunakan kaedah elektrolisis.

Diagram 3/ Rajah 3 (a) What is the function of cell Q? Apakah fungsi sel Q? …………………………………………………………………………….……………………….. [1 mark] (b) Suggest a substance that can be used as Cadangkan bahan yang boleh digunakan sebagai Electrode X/ Elektrod X: …………….……………………………………………………….…… Solution Y/ Larutan Y: …………....………………………………………………………………. [2 marks] (c) At cell Q, there are colourless gas bubbles produce at electrode X. Pada sel Q, terdapat gelembung-gelembung gas tidak berwarna terbebas di elektrod X. i.

Write the half equation for the formation of the gas. Tulis persamaan setengah untuk pembentukan gas tersebut. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

ii. Describe briefly a chemical test to confirm the gas produced. Huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia bagi mengenalpasti gas yang terhasil. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

49


(d) Alloy of copper is harder than pure copper. Aloi kuprum lebih keras daripada kuprum tulen. i.

Draw the arrangement of atoms in the alloy of copper. Lukis gambarajah susunan atom di dalam aloi kuprum.

[2 marks] ii. Explain the hardness of the alloy. Terangkan kekerasan aloi itu. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

50


Chapter 8 : Salts [Pahang 2016, No 5] 5.

Diagram 5 shows a flowchart for the formation of precipitate V and solution W. Rajah 5 menunjukkan carta alir bagi penghasilan mendakan V dan larutan W. Lead(II) nitrate solution Larutan plumbum(II) nitrat Reaction M

Tindak balas M

Precipitate V Mendakan V

+

Solution W Larutan W

Sodium chloride solution Larutan natrium klorida Diagram 5/ Rajah 5 (a) Identify precipitate V and solution W. Kenal pasti mendakan V dan larutan W. Precipitate V :...……………………………………………………………………… Mendakan V Solution W :……………………………………..……………………………………. Larutan W [2 marks] (b) (i) State the name of reaction M. Nyatakan nama bagi tindak balas M. ...………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (ii) Write the chemical equation for reaction M. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas M. ….…………..…………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks] (c) Calculate the mass of precipitate V formed in the reaction if 50 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm -3 lead (II) nitrate solution is used. [Relative atomic mass : Cl=35 ; Pb=207] Hitungkan jisim mendakan V yang terbentuk di dalam tindak balas itu jika 50 cm 3 larutan plumbum (II) nitrat 1.0 mol dm-3 digunakan. [Jisim atom relatif Cl =35; Pb=207]

[2 marks]

51 (d)


Describe briefly chemical test to verify the anion in solution W. Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk menentusah anion dalam larutan W. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks]

(d) If sodium chloride solution is replaced with potassium chloride solution of the same volume and concentration, predict the mass of the precipitate formed. Jika larutan natrium klorida digantikan dengan larutan kalium klorida yang sama isipadu dan kepekatannya ramalkan jisim mendakan terbentuk. ..……………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

[Perlis 2016, No 6] 6

Diagram 6 shows the conversion of lead(II) nitrate. Rajah 6 menunjukkan pertukaran bagi plumbum(II) nitrat.

I Lead(II) nitrate solution Larutan plumbum(II) nitrat

Na2CO3 solution Larutan Na2CO3

Solid salt P Pepejal garam P

II

Heated Dipanaskan

Solid Q Pepejal Q

+

Gas R Gas R

Diagram 6/ Rajah 6 (a)

(i)

Write the chemical formulae of lead(II) nitrate. Tuliskan formula kimia untuk plumbum(II) nitrat . …………………………………………….

(ii)

State the name of reaction I Nyatakan nama tindak balas I …………………………………………… [2 marks]

52 (b)


Based on Diagram 6, identify salt P, solid Q and gas R. Berdasarkan Rajah 6, kenal pasti garam P, pepejal Q dan gas R. P: ……………………………………………….. Q: ………………………………………………. R: ………………………………………………. [3 marks]

(c)

State the colour of solid Q. Nyatakan warna pepejal Q. …………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(d)

(i)

Draw a labelled diagram for heating solid salt P in Reaction II. Lukiskan gambar rajah berlabel untuk pemanasan pepejal garam P dalam tindak balas II.

[2 marks] (ii)

Write a chemical equation for reaction (d)(i). Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di (d)(i). ………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(e)

Marina has heated 2.67 g salt P in the laboratory. Calculate volume of gas R released at room condition. [Molar mass solid salt P = 267 g mol -1 ; 1 mol gas occupies 24 dm 3 at room conditions] Marina telah memanaskan 2.67 g garam P dalam makmal. Hitungkan isipadu gas R yang dibebaskan dalam keadaan bilik . [ Jisim molar pepejal garam P = 267 g mol -1 ; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik ]

[2 marks]

53


[SBP 2016, No 4] 4

Diagram 4 shows three types of salt that is commonly found in school laboratories and widely used in various industries. Rajah 4 menunjukkan tiga jenis garam yang biasa dijumpai di makmal sekolah dan banyak digunakan dalam pelbagai industri.

Magnesium nitrate Magnesium nitrat

Lead(II) carbonate Plumbum(II) karbonat

Copper(II) sulphate Kuprum(II) sulfat

Diagram 4/ Rajah 4 Based on Diagram 4; Berdasarkan Rajah 4; a)

(i) State the name of one soluble salt. Nyatakan nama satu garam terlarutkan. …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii)

Write the chemical formula of the salt. Tuliskan formula kimia garam tersebut. …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(iii)

What is the colour of the solid salt mention in (a)(i)? Apakah warna garam pepejal yang dinyatakan dalam (a)(i)? …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

b)

26.7 g of the carbonate salt was decomposed when strongly heated. 26.7 g garam karbonat tersebut telah terurai apabila di panaskan dengan kuat. (i)

What can be observed after solid carbonate salt is heated? Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan selepas pepejal garam karbonat dipanaskan? …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

54 (ii)


Write a balanced chemical equation to show the decomposition process occurred. Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang untuk menunjukkan proses penguraian yang berlaku. …………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(iii)

Determine the maximum volume of gas released from the decomposition process. Tentukan isipadu maksimum gas yang terbebas daripada proses penguraian ini. [Relative atomic mass: Pb = 207; O = 16; C = 12; 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm 3 at room conditions] [ Jisim atom relatif : Pb = 207; O = 16; C = 12; 1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik ]

[2 marks] c)

Describe briefly how you can verify the present of anion in the sulphate salt. Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana anda dapat mengesahkan kehadiran anion di dalam garam sulfat tersebut. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]

55


Chapter 9 : Manufactured Substances In Industries [Terengganu 2016, No 1] 1

Diagram 1 show stages of chemical reactions that involved in the Process Y in producing of sulphuric acid. Rajah 1 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat tindakbalas kimia yang terlibat dalam Proses Y bagi penghasilan asid sulfurik. Stage 1 / Peringkat 1 : S + O2 → SO2 Stage 2 / Peringkat 2 : 2SO2

+

O2

→

2 SO3

Stage 3 / Peringkat 3 : SO3

+

………………

→

H2S2O7

Stage 4 / Peringkat 4 : H2S2O7

+

H2O

→

2H2SO4

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1 (a)

(i)

State the name of process Y Nyatakan nama bagi proses Y. ……………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark ]

(ii)

Complete the chemical equation for Stage 3 in the Diagram 1. Lengkapkan persamaan kimia untuk Peringkat 3 dalam Rajah 1. [1 mark ]

(b)

(i)

State one substance from Process Y that gives the effect to environment. Nyatakan satu bahan daripada Proses Y yang memberi kesan kepada alam sekitar. ……………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark ]

(ii)

Explain how the substance that you have stated in question (b) (i) can pollute the environment. Terangkan bagaimana bahan yang anda nyatakan dalam soalan b(i) boleh mencemarkan alam sekitar. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

56 (c)


Fertilizer ammonium sulphate, (NH 4)2SO4 can be produced from sulphuric acid. Baja ammonium sulfat, (NH4)2SO4 boleh dihasilkan daripada asid sulfurik. (i)

State the chemical formula of substance that added to sulphuric acid to produced ammonium sulphate. Nyatakan formula kimia bahan yang ditambah kepada asid sulfurik untuk menghasilkan ammonium sulfat. ……………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark ]

(ii)

Urea, (NH2)2CO and ammonium sulphate, (NH 4)2SO4 are two types of fertilizer. Calculate the percentage of nitrogen by mass in both fertilizers. Then, which substance is a better fertilizer for the growth of plants. [Relative atomic mass : H=1 ; C=12 ; N=14 ; O=16 ; S=32] Urea, (NH2)2CO dan ammonium sulfat, (NH4)2SO4 merupakan dua jenis baja. Hitungkan peratus nitrogen terhadap jisim bagi kedua-dua baja tersebut. Seterusnya, tentukan baja yang lebih baik bagi pertumbuhan tumbuhan. [ Jisim atom relatif : H=1 ; C=12 ; N=14 ; O=16 ; S=32]

% nitrogen by mass of urea % nitrogen terhadap jisim bagi urea

% nitrogen by mass of ammonium sulphate % nitrogen terhadap jisim bagi ammonium sulfat

Better fertilizer : Baja terbaik : ………………………………………….................................... [3 marks]

57


[Negeri Sembilan 2016, No 1] Diagram 1.1 shows one of the uses of synthetic polymer and its structural formula. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan salah satu kegunaan polimer sintetik dan formula strukturnya.

Polymer X Polimer X Diagram 1.1/ Rajah 1.1 (a)

(i)

State the meaning of polymer. Nyatakan maksud polimer. ........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(ii)

State the name polymer X. Nyatakan nama polimer X. ........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(iii)

Draw the structural formula of the monomer of polymer X. Lukiskan formula struktur monomer bagi polimer X.

[1 mark] (iv)

State one advantage of using X as water pipes compared to metal pipes. Nyatakan satu kelebihan menggunakan X sebagai paip air berbanding paip logam. ........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(b)

Borosilicate glass is one type of glass that is widely use. Kaca borosilikat merupakan salah satu jenis kaca yang banyak digunakan. (i)

State the main component of the glass. Nyatakan komponen utama kaca itu. ........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

58 (ii)


State one main characteristics of the borosilicate glass. Nyatakan satu sifat utama kaca borosilikat. ........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(iii)

State one use of the borosilicate glass in daily life. Nyatakan satu kegunaan kaca borosilikat di dalam kehidupan seharian. ........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(c)

Diagram 1.2 shows a helmet that is wear by motorist for their safety. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan sebuah topi keledar yang digunakan oleh penunggang motosikal untuk keselamatan mereka.

Material Y Bahan Y Diagram 1.2/ Rajah 1.2 Material Y is made up from the mixture of glass and plastic. Bahan Y diperbuat daripada campuran kaca dan plastik. (i)

State the name of material Y. Nyatakan nama bahan Y. ........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(ii)

State one advantage of material Y compared to borosilicate glass. Nyatakan kelebihan bahan Y berbanding kaca borosilikat. ........................................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

59


[MRSM 2016, No 2] 2

Diagram 2.1 shows three examples of manufactured substances in industry Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan tiga contoh bahan buatan untuk industri.


R is an example of alloy. What is the meaning of alloy? R merupakan contoh aloi. Apakah maksud aloi? ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(b)

Name the major component for the following substances: Namakan komponen utama untuk bahan-bahan berikut: Q: ………….…………………………….…

(c)

R : …………….………..………….…… [2 marks]

Diagram 2.2 shows a part of the structure of P. Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan sebahagian struktur P.


Draw the structural formula for monomer. Lukis formula struktur monomer bagi P.

[1 mark] (ii)

Substance P is often used as a water pipe. State one advantage of this type of pipe compared to iron pipe.

60


Bahan P selalu digunakan sebagai paip air. Nyatakan satu kelebihan paip jenis ini berbanding dengan paip besi.

………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 1] 1. Diagram 1 shows the production of compound M. Rajah 1 menunjukkan penghasilan bahan M. Process X Proses X

Sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik Compound M Bahan M

Haber Process Proses Haber

Compound L Bahan L Diagram 1/ Rajah 1

(a) (i) Name process X. Namakan proses X. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii) In process X, the catalyst and high temperature is used to increase the rate of reaction. State the catalyst and the temperature used. Dalam proses X, mangkin dan suhu yang tinggi digunakan untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas. Nyatakan mangkin dan suhu yang digunakan. Catalyst / Mangkin : ........................................ Temperature / Suhu : ........................................ [2 marks] (iii) In Process X, sulphur trioxide gas is not directly dissolved into water to form liquid sulphuric acid. Explain why. Dalam Proses X, gas sulfur trioksida tidak terus dilarutkan ke dalam air untuk menghasilkan cecair asid sulfurik. Terangkan mengapa. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] (b) (i) What is the name of compound L that is produced through Haber process? Apakah nama bahan L yang terhasil melalui proses Haber. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

61


(ii) Compound L is produced when nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas. What is the ratio of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas reacted? Bahan L terhasil apabila gas nitrogen bertindak balas dengan gas hidrogen. Apakah nisbah gas nitrogen dan gas hidrogen yang bertindak balas? ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (c) (i) Sulphuric acid reacts with compound L to produce compound M. Name compound M. Asid sulfurik bertindak balas dengan bahan L untuk menghasilkan bahan M. Namakan bahan M. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii) State one of the use of compound M. Nyatakan satu kegunaan bahan M. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

62


Chapter 10 : Rate of Reaction [Terengganu 2016, No 4] 4

A student carried out two experiments to investigate the factor that affects the rate of reaction. Table 4 shows the results of the experiments. Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk menyiasat faktor-faktor yang menpengaruhi kadar sesuatu tindak balas. Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimeneksperimen tersebut .

Experiment Eksperimen

Diagram Rajah

Volume of gas collected when magnesium reacted completely /cm3 Isipadu gas yang dikumpul apabila magnesium lengkap bertindak balas /cm3

m g of magnesium ribbon m g pita magnesium I

50

5 minutes 5 minit 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid in excess asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3 berlebihan m g of magnesium powder m g serbuk magnesium

II

3 minutes

50

3 minit 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid in excess asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3 berlebihan

Table 4 / Jadual 4 (a)

From this experiment, state the meaning of rate of reaction. Daripada ekperimen ini, nyatakan maksud kadar tindak balas. ……………………………………………………………………………………............. ……………………………………………………………………………………............. [1 mark ]

63 (b)


Write a chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara magnesium dengan asid hidroklorik . hidroklorik . ……………………………………………………………………………………............. [2 marks] marks]

(c)

State the factor that affects the rate of reaction in this experiment. Nyatakan faktor yang yang mempengaruhi mempengaruhi kadar kadar tindak balas balas dalam eksperime eksperimen n ini : ……………………………………………………………………………………............. [1 mark ]

(d)

(i)

From the information in Table 4, calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I and Experiment II. Daripada maklumat maklumat dalam Jadual 4 hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata untuk Eksperimen I dan Eksperiment Eksperiment II.

[2 marks] marks] (ii)

Rate of reaction in Experiment II is higher than Experiment I. By referring to the Collision Theory, explain why there are differences in the rate of reaction in both experiments. Kadar tindak balas dalam Eksperimen II lebih II lebih tinggi daripada Eksperimen I. Dengan merujuk merujuk kepada kepada Teori Teori Perlanggaran, Perlanggaran, terangkan terangkan mengapa mengapa terdapat terdapat perbezaan perbezaan dalam kadar tindak balas bagi kedua-dua eksperimen itu. itu. …………………………………………………………………………………….... …………………………………………………………………………………….... …………………………………………………………………………………….... …………………………………………………………………………………….... [3 marks] marks]

(e)

Give one reason why the final volume of gas obtained in all experiments are the same. Beri satu sebab mengapa isipadu akhir gas yang diperolehi dalam semua eksperimen adalah sama. sama. ……………………………………………………………………………………............. [1 mark ]

64


[MRSM 2016, No 5] 5

An experiment is carried out to investigate the rate of reaction of magnesium with sulphuric acid. Excess magnesium powder powder is added to 20 cm 3 of 0.1 mol dm -3 sulphuric acid. Table 5.1 shows the volume of gas collected at intervals of 30 seconds. Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas antara magnesium dengan asid sulfurik. Serbuk magnesium berlebihan ditambahkan kepada 20 cm 3 asid sulfurik 0.1 mol dm -3. Jadual 5.1 menunjukkan 5.1 menunjukkan isipadu gas yang terkumpul pada setiap sela masa 30 saat. Time/s Masa/s Volume of gas/cm3 Isipadu gas/cm gas/cm3

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

0.00

12.00

22.00

31.00

38.00

42.00

44.00

45.00

45.00

Table 5.1/ Jadual Jadual 5.1 (a) Name the gas released released from the the above reaction. Namakan gas yang terbebas terbebas daripada tindak balas balas di atas. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark] Based on Table 5.1, plot a graph of the volume of gas collected against time. (b) Berdasarkan Berdasarkan Jadual Jadual 5.1, plotkan plotkan graf isipadu gas yang terkumpul terkumpul melawan melawan masa. [3 marks] (c)

Based on graph plotted in 5(b), calculate: Berdasarkan Berdasarkan pada graf yang yang diplotkan di 5(b), hitung hitung : (i)

the rate of reaction at 120 s. kadar tindak balas pada masa 120 s.

[2 marks] (ii)

the overall rate of reaction. kadar tindak balas purata keseluruhan.

[1 mark]

65


66 (d)


Another experiment is carried out to investigate the factors affecting the rate of reaction. Diagram 5.2 shows the results of the experiment. Curve L represents the result of the experiment using excess magnesium powder and 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm -3 hydrochloric acid. Suatu eksperimen berasingan dijalankan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen. Lengkung L mewakili keputusan eksperimen yang menggunakan serbuk magnesium berlebihan dan 50 cm 3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm -3. Volume of gas/cm3 Isipadu gas/cm3

Time/s Masa/s Diagram 5.2/ Rajah 5.2 (i)

Suggest the factor that influence the rate of reaction to obtain the curve K. Cadangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas untuk memperoleh lengkung K. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(ii)

Rate of reaction of curve K is higher than L. Explain your answer based on the Collision Theory. Kadar tindak balas lengkung K lebih tinggi dari L. Terangkan jawapan anda berdasarkan Teori Perlanggaran. ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

(iii)

The final volume of gas obtained in curve M is half the final volume of gas obtained in curve L. Give one reason for this. Isipadu akhir gas yang diperolehi dalam lengkung M adalah separuh daripada isipadu akhir gas yang diperolehi dalam lengkung L. Berikan satu sebab bagi keadaan ini. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

67


Chapter 11 : Carbon Compound [Pahang 2016, No 6] 6.

Diagram 6 shows the flow chart for the conversion of carbon compound. Rajah 6 menunjukkan carta alir bagi penukaran sebatian karbon. Gas X + water Gas X + air Combustion Pembakaran

Compund R Sebatian R

Dehydration Pendehidratan

Propanol, C3H8O Propanol

I

Propanoic acid Asid propanoik

Diagram 6/ Rajah 6 Based on Diagram 6, Berdasarkan Rajah 6, (a) State the name of gas X. Nyatakan nama gas X.

....................................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (b)

(i) State the functional group of propanol Nyatakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi propanol. ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Draw the structural formula for isomers of propanol Lukis formula struktur untuk isomer-isomer bagi propanol.

[2 marks]

68


(c) (i) State the process at I Nyatakan proses di I

.............................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (ii) What is the substance that needs to be added in process I to produce propanoic acid?

Apakah bahan yang perlu ditambahkan dalam proses I untuk menghasilkan asid propanoik? .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark] (d)

(i) State the name of compound R Nyatakan nama bagi sebatian R ............................................................................................................................... [1 mark] (ii) Draw a labelled diagram how the dehydration reaction can be carried out in the laboratory.

Lukis rajah berlabel bagaimana tindak balas pendehidratan boleh dijalankan dalam makmal.

[2 marks] (e) Aliya mother sells pineapple cookies for last Eid. Aliya want to expand her mother business. The problem faced by Aliya is the pineapple is not enough. Aliya thought of using pineapple flavors to produce pineapple cookies. The chemical flavor formula for pineapple is C3H7COOC2H5. Can you help Aliya to name two carbon compounds that can be used to produce pineapple flavor?

Emak Aliya menjual biskut nanas untuk sambutan hari raya yang lepas. Aliya ingin mengembangkan perniagaan emaknya. Masalah yang dihadapi oleh Aliya ialah nanas tidak

69


mencukupi. Aliya terfikir untuk menggunakan perisa nanas untuk menghasilkan biskut nanas. Formula kimia bagi perisa nanas adalah C 3 H 7 COOC 2 H 5. Bolehkah anda membantu Aliya untuk menamakan dua sebatian karbon yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan perisa nanas? ..................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]


Table 6 shows the structural formulae of three carbon compounds. Jadual 6 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi tiga sebatian karbon. Substance Bahan

Structural Formula Formula Struktur

Name Name

X

......................................................

Y

......................................................

Z

.......................................................


What is the meaning of carbon compounds? Apakah maksud sebatian karbon? .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(b)

State the name of substance X, Y and Z based on IUPAC nomenclature. Write your answer in Table 6. Nyatakan nama bagi bahan X , Y dan Z berpandukan sistem penamaan IUPAC. Tuliskan jawapan anda dalam Jadual 6. [3 marks]

(c)

Draw the structural formula for isomer of substance Y. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi isomer bagi bahan Y.

[1 mark]

70 (d)


Substance Y can be converted to substance Z through dehydration reaction. Draw a labelled diagram how the reaction can be carried out in the school laboratory. Bahan Y boleh ditukarkan kepada bahan Z melalui tindak balas pendehidratan. Lukiskan gambar rajah berlabel susunan radas yang digunakan untuk menjalankan tindak balas itu di makmal sekolah.

[2 marks] (e)

Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set-up for the reaction between bromine water with X and Z. Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi tindak balas antara air bromin dengan X dan Z.

X

Z

Bromine water Air bromin Diagram 6/ Rajah 6 (i)

State the observations for both test tube. Nyatakan pemerhatian bagi kedua-dua tindak balas. .......................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Explain the observation. Terangkan pemerhatian itu. .......................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

71


[Perlis 2016, No 4] 4

Diagram 4 shows a flow chart of conversion of compound P to compound Q and R. Rajah 4 menunjukkan carta alir bagi penukaran sebatian P kepada sebatian Q dan R.

Compound R Sebatian R

Porcelain chips Serpihan porselin Hot/panas

Compound P Sebatian P C4H9OH

Reagent X Reagen X

Compound Q Sebatian Q


(i)

Write the general formula of the homologous series of compound P. Tuliskan formula umum bagi siri homolog sebatian P. ........................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(ii)

State the functional group for compound P. Nyatakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi sebatian P. ........................................................................................................................ [1 mark]

(b)

When bromine water is added to compound R, the brown bromine water is decolourised. Apabila air bromin ditambah kepada sebatian R, warna perang air bromin diyahwarnaka (i)

Name a compound R. Namakan sebatian R. .......................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

Draw a structural formula for compound R Lukiskan formula struktur bagi sebatian R

[1 mark]

72 (c)

(i)


When the mixture of compound P, reagent X and concentrated sulfuric acid is gently heated it will produced compound Q. Compound Q also turns the colour of blue litmus paper to red. Apabila campuran sebatian P, reagen X dan asid sulfurik dipanaskan secara perlahan-lahan ia akan menghasilkan sebatian Q. Sebatian Q juga dapat menukarkan warna kertas litmus biru kepada merah. Name the Reagent X Namakan Reagent X .......................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

State the colour change of the reagent at 4(c)(i) during the reaction. Nyatakan perubahan warna bagi reagen di 4(c)(i) semasa tindakbalas berlaku. .......................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(d)

(i)

Propanic acid react with compound P with the presence of the concentrated sulphuric acid to form a compound. Asid propanoik bertindak balas dengan sebatian P dengan kehadiran asid sulfurik pekat bagi menghasilkan suatu sebatian. Name the compound formed. Namakan sebatian yang terbentuk. ……………………………………………………….………………………....... [1 mark]

(ii)

Write a balanced chemical reaction at 4(d)(i) Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindakbalas di 4(d)(i) …………….………………………………….………………………….........… [1 mark]

(e)

Compound R burns in excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Sebatian R terbakar dalam oksigen berlebihan menghasilkan carbon dioksida dan air. Calculate the numbers of carbon dioxide molecules are formed when 11.2 g of compound R burned in excess oxygen. Hitungkan bilangan molekul carbon dioksida yang terbentuk apabila 11.2 g sebatian R terbakar dalam oksigen berlebihan, [Relative atomic mass C = 12, O = 16 ; Avogadro number = 6.03 x 10 23] [ Jisim atom relatif C = 12 , O = 16; Nombor Avogadro = 6.03 x 1023]

73


[2 marks]

[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 5] 5. Diagram 5.1 shows a preparation of ethanol and some of the reactions involving ethanol. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan penyediaan etanol dan beberapa tindak balas yang melibatkan etanol.

Glucose Glukosa

Process 1 Proses 1

Ethanol Etanol

+ Acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution. + Larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid Compound R Sebatian R

Dehydration Pendehidratan Gas X Diagram 5.1/ Rajah 5.1 (a) Ethanol can be prepared from glucose in a laboratory through process 1. Name process 1. Etanol boleh disediakan daripada glukosa dalam makmal melalui proses 1. Namakan proses 1. …...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (b) Ethanol undergoes dehydration to produce gas X. Etanol mengalami pendehidratan untuk menghasilkan gas X. Name gas X and describe a chemical test to determine the presence of gas X. Namakan gas X dan huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk menentukan kehadiran gas X. …...…..…………………………………………………………………………………………… …...…..…………………………………………………………………………………………… …...…..…………………………………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]

74


(c) Compound R is produced through oxidation of ethanol in the presence of acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution. Sebatian R terhasil daripada tindak balas pengoksidaan ke atas etanol dengan kehadiran larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid. (i) Name compound R. Namakan sebatian R. ..…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (ii) Draw the structural formula of compound R. Lukis formula struktur bagi sebatian R.

[1 mark] (d) Diagram 5.2 shows the compound S prepared in the laboratory through the reaction between ethanol and compound R. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan sebatian S yang disediakan dalam makmal melalui tindak balas antara etanol dengan sebatian R. Thermometer Termometer Liebig Condenser Kondenser Liebig

Water bath Kukus Air Compound S Sebatian S

Heat Panaskan

Ethanol + Compound R Etanol + Sebatian R


(i) Label water in as 'X' and water out as 'Y' in Diagram 5.2. Label air masuk sebagai 'X' dan air keluar sebagai 'Y' pada Rajah 5.2. [1 mark] (ii) Compound S is the product of this experiment. Name the compound S? Sebatian S ialah hasil bagi eksperimen ini. Namakan sebatian S? ..…………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

75


(iii) Write a chemical equation for this reaction. Tulis persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas ini. …...…..………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] (iv) State one use of compound S in everyday life. Nyatakan satu kegunaan sebatian S dalam kehidupan seharian. ………..………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[MRSM 2016, No 2(d)] (d)

Diagram 2.3 shows the conversion of glucose to another substance. Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan penukaran glukosa kepada bahan lain.

Diagram 2.3/ Rajah 2.3 Based on Diagram 2.3, Berdasarkan Rajah 2.3, (i)

name Reaction I. namakan Tindak balas I. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(ii)

state the homologous series for liquid H. nyatakan siri homolog bagi cecair H. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(iii)

write the chemical equation in Reaction II. tuliskan persamaan kimia dalam Tindak balas II. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

76 (iv)


state a substance that can be used to replace porous pot chips in Reaction II. nyatakan satu bahan yang boleh menggantikan serpihan pasu berliang dalam Tindak balas II. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

[SBP 2016, No 5] 5

Diagram 5 shows the structural formulae of compound P and compound Q. Both compound P and compound Q are isomers. Rajah 5 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi sebatian P dan sebatian Q. Kedua-dua sebatian P dan sebatian Q adalah isomer.

Diagram 5/ Rajah 5 a)

(i) State the meaning of isomer. Nyatakan maksud isomer. …………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark] (ii) State the name of the compounds by using IUPAC nomenclature. Nyatakan nama sebatian-sebatian itu dengan menggunakan penamaan IUPAC. Compound P: …………………………………………………………………. Sebatian P Compound Q: …………………………………………………………………. Sebatian Q [2 marks] (iii)

Draw the structural formula for another isomer of the compound. Lukiskan formula struktur untuk satu lagi isomer bagi sebatian itu.

[1 mark] b)

Compound P burns in excess oxygen to form a gas and water. Sebatian P terbakar di dalam oksigen berlebihan menghasilkan sejenis gas dan air.

77 (i)


Write a balance chemical equation for the reaction involve. Tuliskan persamaan seimbang bagi tindak balas yang terlibat. …………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]

(ii)

Describe briefly a confirmatory test for the gas released. Huraikan dengan ringkas ujian pengesahan bagi gas yang terbebas. …………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]

c)

Compound Q undergoes a reaction to form compound R. Compound R contains 85.7% carbon and the rest is hydrogen. Find the empirical formula of the compound R. Sebatian Q mengalami tindak balas membentuk sebatian R . Sebatian R mengandungi 85.7% karbon dan selebihnya adalah hydrogen. Tentukan formula empirik bagi sebatian R . [Relative atomic mass: H =1, C =12] [ Jisim atom relatif : H =1, C =12]

[3 mark]

[Kedah 2016, No 5] 5.

Diagram 5.1 shows the structural formula of monomer of natural rubber. Rajah 5.1 menunujukkan formula struktur bagi monomer getah asli.

H

H

CH3

C

C C Diagram 5.1

H

H C

H

Rajah 5.1 (a)

State the name of the monomer of natural rubber. Nyatakan nama bagi monomer getah asli.

[1 mark]

78 (b)

(i)


The monomers react each other to form a long-chain molecule, P through process Q. Name process Q. Monomer bertindak balas antara satu sama lain untuk membentuk satu molekul rantai panjang, P melalui prosesQ. Namakan proses Q.

[1 mark] (ii)

Draw the structural formula of P. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi P.

[1 mark] (c)

An experiment is carried out to studythe effect of solution A and solution B when added to latex. Table 5 shows the results of the experiment. Suatu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan larutan A dan larutan B apabila ditambah kepada lateks. Jadual 5menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen itu. Mixture Campuran Latex + solution A Lateks + larutan A Latex + solution B Lateks + larutan B

Observation Pemerhatian Latex coagulate Getah menggumpal Latex does not coagulate Getah tidak menggumpal Table 5/ Jadual 5

Based on Table 5, Berdasarkan Jadual 5, (i) Name the solutions. Namakan larutan-larutan tersebut. Solution A: Larutan A : Solution B: Larutan B : [ 2 marks] (ii)

Latex can also coagulate after being left overnight. Explain how the process occurs. Lateks juga boleh menggumpal apabila dibiarkan semalaman. Terangkan bagaimana proses ini berlaku.

[2 marks]

79 (d)


Vulcanisation is a process used to enhance the quality of natural rubber. Diagram 5.2 below shows two products K and L made of rubber. Pemvulkanan adalah satu proses dijalankan untuk meningkatkan kualiti getah. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan dua produk K dan L yang dihasilkan daripada getah.

Material K Bahan K

Material L Bahan L Diagram 5.2/ Rajah 5.2

(i)

Choose the product that is made of vulcanised rubber. Pilih produk yang dibuat menggunakan getah tervulkan.

[1 mark] (ii)

Explain your choice in term of their properties. Terangkan pilihan anda dari segi sifatnya.

[2 marks] (iii)

Draw the structural formula of vulcanised rubber. Lukiskan formulastruktur bagi getah tervulkan.

[1 mark]

80


Chapter 12 : Oxidation and Reduction [Terengganu 2016, No 6] 6

(a)

Table 6.1 shows the set-up of apparatus and observation for two experiments, I and II. Jadual 6.1 menunjukkan susunan radas dan pemerhatian bagi dua eksperimen, I dan II.

Experiment Eksperimen

I

II

Copper(II) sulphate solution Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

Magnesium sulphate solution Larutan magnesium sulfat

Test tube Tabung uji Magnesium powder Serbuk magnesium

Observation Pemerhatian

Brown solid formed. Blue solution becomes paler. Pepejal perang terbentuk. Larutan biru menjadi pucat.

Copper powder Serbuk kuprum

No change. Tiada perubahan.

Table 6.1 / Jadual 6.1 Based on Table 6.1, Berdasarkan Jadual 6.1, (i)

State the name of the brown solid formed. Nyatakan nama bagi pepejal perang yang terbentuk. ....................................................................................................................... [1 mark ]

(ii)

Give a reason for the observation on the solution in Experiment I. Berikan satu sebab bagi pemerhatian ke atas larutan dalam Eksperimen I. ....................................................................................................................... [1 mark ]

(iii)

The reaction is a redox reaction. Explain in term of change in oxidation number. Tindak balas itu ialah suatu tindak balas redoks. Terangkan dari segi perubahan nombor pengoksidaan. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

81 (iv)


Write the chemical equation for the reaction occurred. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku . ....................................................................................................................... [1 mark ]

(v)

Explain the observation in Experiment II Terangkan pemerhatian dalam Eksperimen II. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

(b)

Iron is a metal that rusts easily. Besi adalah sejenis logam yang mudah berkarat . (i)

State the conditions for the rusting of iron Nyatakan syarat-syarat untuk pengaratan besi. ...................................................................................................................... [1 mark ]

(ii)

Draw a labelled diagram to show how the conditions for the rusting of iron involve the ionization of iron and the flow of electron. Lukis satu gambar rajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan bagaimana syarat untuk pengaratan melibatkan pengionan besi dan pengaliran elektron.

[3 marks]

82


[Perlis 2016, No 5] 5

Diagram 5 shows the set up of the apparatus of an experiment to investigate the transfer of electrons at a distance. Solution X is an oxidising agent and turns colour from purple to colourless after a few minutes reacted. Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas eksperimen bagi mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak. Larutan X ialah agen pengoksidaan dan bertukar warna dari ungu kepada tidak berwarna selepas beberapa minit bertindak balas.

Carbon Karbon

Carbon Karbon Potassium iodide solution Larutan kalium iodida Dilute sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik cair Diagram 5/ Rajah 5

The overall ionic equation that occurs at electrodes A and B is, Persamaan ion keseluruhan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada elektod A dan B adalah, 2MnO4- + (a)

16H+ +

10I- → 2Mn2+

+

8H2O + 5I2

Name the solution X. Namakan larutan X. …………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(b)

Calculate the oxidation number of manganese in MnO 4- ion. Hitungkan nombor pengoksidaan bagi mangan dalam ion MnO4-.

[1 mark] (c)

State the type of reaction that occurs at electrode A. Nyatakan jenis tindakbalas yang berlaku pada elektod A. ................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(d)

Referring to the reaction that takes place at electrode B. Merujuk kepada tindak balas yang berlaku pada elektrod B.

83 (i)


State the observation? Nyatakan pemerhatian? ……………………………………………………………………………... [1 mark]

(ii)

Write the half equation for the reaction. Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindakbalas. ....................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

(iii)

Explain the reaction that occurs in term of transfer of electron. Terangkan tindak balas yang berlaku dari segi pemindahan elektron. ....................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(e)

State the function of the dilute sulphuric acid in this experiment. Nyatakan fungsi bagi asid sulfurik cair dalam eksperimen ini. ................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(f)

In other experiment you are given zinc strip, copper strip, copper (II) sulphate solution and all apparatus required. Draw a labelled diagram to show another set up of apparatus to investigate the transfer of electron at a distance. In your diagram show the direction of electron flow. Di dalam eksperimen lain anda dibekalkan dengan kepingan zink, kepingan kuprum, larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dan semua radas yang diperlukan. Lukiskan satu gambarajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menyiasat pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak. Tunjukkan arah pergerakan elektron pada rajah anda.

[3 marks]

84


[Kedah 2016, No 6] 6.

Diagram 6.1 shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the transfer of electrons at a distance in a redox reaction. Rajah 6.1menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada suatu jarak dalam tindak balas redoks.

Carbon electrode Y

Carbon electrode X

Elektrod karbonY

Elektrod karbonX

Acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution

Iron(II) sulphate solution

Larutan kalium dikromat (VI) berasid

Larutan ferum(II)sulfat

Dilute sulphuric acid Asid sulfurik cair

Diagram 6.1/ Rajah 6.1 Based on Diagram 6.1, Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, (a)

State the function of dilute sulphuric acid. Nyatakan fungsi asid sulfurik cair. ................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(b)

The following equation shows the reaction that takes place at carbon electrode Y. Persamaanberikutmenunjukkantindakbalas yangberlakupadaelektrod karbon Y. Cr 2O72-(i)

+

14H+

+ 6e-→

2Cr 3+

+

7H2O

State the change ofoxidation number for chromium. Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi kromium. ................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

State the type of reaction that occurs. Nyatakan jenis tindakbalas yang berlaku. ................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(c)

Based on the reaction that takes place at carbon electrode X, Berdasarkan tindak balas yang berlaku pada elektrod karbon X,

85 (i)


write the half equation for the reaction tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas itu. ................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

describe briefly a chemical test to identify the cation formed in (c)(i) huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengenal pasti kation yang terbentuk di c(i). ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

(d)

Table 6 shows the results of four sets of experiment to determine the position of hydrogen in the reactivity series. Jadual 6 menunjukkan keputusan bagi empat set eksperimen untuk mengkaji kedudukan hidrogen dalam siri kereaktifan. Set Set I

II

III

IV

Reaction Tindak balas

Observation Pemerhatian Burns quickly with bright flame Hydrogen + oxide P Terbakar cepat dengan nyalaan terang Hidrogen + oksida P Black powder turns to brown Serbuk hitam bertukar menjadi perang Burns with bright flame Hydrogen + oxide Q Terbakar dengan nyalaan terang Hidrogen + oksida Q Yellow powder turns to shiny grey Serbuk kuning bertukar menjadi kelabu berkilat Hydrogen + oxide R No change Hidrogen + oksida R Tiada perubahan Glow dimly Hydrogen + oxide S Berbara malap Hidrogen + oksida S Brown powder turns to shiny grey Serbuk perang bertukar menjadi kelabu berkilat Table 6/ Jadual 6

Based on the results in Table 6, Berdasarkan keputusan di dalam Jadual 6, (i)

Arrange P, Q, R, S and hydrogen in ascending order of reactivity. Susun P, Q, R, S dan hidrogen mengikut tertib kereaktifan menaik. ................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

86 (ii)


Based on experiment I, identify P. State the role of oxide P in term of redox reaction. Berdasarkan Berdasarkan eksperimen eksperimen I, kenal pastikan P. Nyatakan peranan oksida oksida P dari segi tindak balas redoks. ...................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................... [2 marks] (iii)

Diagram 6.2 for the apparatus set-up used to determine the position of hydrogen in reactivity series. Complete the apparatus set-up in Diagram 6.2. Rajah 6.2 6.2 bagi susunan radas yang digunakan untuk menentukan kedudukan hidrogen dalam siri kereaktifan. Lengkapkan susunan radas dalam Rajah 6.2.

Oxide P Oksida P H2

Heat Haba

Anhydrous calcium chloride Kalsium klorida kontang

Diagram 6.2/ Rajah 6.2/ Rajah 6.2 [2 marks]

87


[Pulau Pinang 2016, No 6] 6. Diagram 6 shows an experiment that involves the transfer of electrons through a distance. The reactions that occur is a redox reaction. Rajah 6 menunjukkan menunjukkan satu satu eksperimen eksperimen yang yang melibatkan melibatkan pemindahan pemindahan elektron elektron pada pada suatu jarak. jarak. Tindak balas yang berlaku ialah tindak balas redoks

Diagram 6/ Rajah Rajah 6 (a) What is a redox reaction? reaction ? Apakah itu tindak balas balas redoks? redoks? …...…..…………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark] (b) (i) Write the half equation for the reaction occurred at electrode P and Q. Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod P dan Q. Electrode P / Elektr / Elektrod od P : …………………… ……………………………………… ………………………… ……… Electrode Q / Q / Elektrod Elektrod Q: ………………………… …………………………………………… …………………… … [2 marks] (ii) Write a complete ionic equation for the reaction occurred in this experiment. Tuliskan satu persamaan ion bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dalam eksperimen ini. …..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (c) Show the direction of electron flow in Diagram 6 by using an arrow. Tunjukkan arah aliran elektron pada Rajah 6 dengan menggunakan anak panah. [1 mark] (d) State the observation at: Nyatakan pemerhatian pemerhatian pada: Electrode P / Elektr / Elektrod od P : …………………… ……………………………………… ………………………… ……… Electrode Q / Q / Elektrod Elektrod Q: ………………………… …………………………………………… …………………… … [2 marks]

88


(e) Identify the reducing agent. Kenal pasti pasti agen penurunan. penurunan. …...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (f) Suggest a chemical test to identify the product formed at electrode Q Cadangkan satu ujian kimia untuk mengenal pasti hasil yang terbentuk di elektrod Q. …...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… …...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks] (g) Suggest another substance that can be used to replace the oxidising agent in Diagram 6. Cadangkan satu bahan lain yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan agen pengoksidaan dalam Rajah 6. …...…..……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

[SBP 2016, No 6] 6

Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set-up constructed by a student. As the circuit is completed, the needle of galvanometer deflected. Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas yang dibina oleh seorang pelajar. Apabila litar dilengkapkan, dilengkapkan, jarum galvanometer galvanometer telah terpesong.

Diagram 6/ Rajah Rajah 6 a)

Based on Diagram 6; Berdasarkan Berdasarkan Rajah 6; (i)

State the negative terminal. Nyatakan terminal negatif. negatif. ………………………………………………………………………………...... [1 mark]

89 (ii)


State the role of bromine water. Nyatakan peranan air bromin. ………………………………………………………………………………….………...... [1 mark]

(iii)

Explain your answer in (a)(ii). Terangkan jawapan anda di (a)(ii). ……………………………………………………………………………………….…...... ………………………………………………………………………………………..…...... [2 marks]

(b)

On Diagram 6, draw the arrows to show the direction of electron flow. Pada Rajah 6 , lukiskan anak panah bagi menunjukkan arah pengaliran elektron. [1 mark]

(c) The colour of iron(II) sulphate solution change from green to brown. Describe briefly a chemical test to identify the cation present. Warna larutan ferum(II) sulfat berubah dari hijau ke perang. Huraikan dengan ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengenalpasti kation yang hadir. ………………………………………………………………………………........................................ ………………………………………………………………………………....................................... [2 marks] (d) Write the overall ionic equation for the reaction occured. Tuliskan persamaan ion keseluruhan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku. ………………………………………………………………………………....................................... [2 marks] (e)

Draw a labelled diagram for the apparatus set-up used to show the electron transfer at a distance by using another suitable material. Lukiskan satu gambarajah berlabel bagi susunan radas untuk menunjukkan pemindahan elektron pada suatu jarak dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan lain yang sesuai.

[2 marks]

90


[MRSM 2016, No 6] 6

Diagram 6.1 shows a match head has been struck. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan satu kepala mancis yang telah digeserkan.

Diagram 6.1/ Rajah 6.1 The chemical equation for the reaction is as follow: Persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas adalah seperti berikut: 3 P4 + 10 KClO3  3 P4O10 + 10 KCl (a)

(i)

Determine the oxidation number of chlorine, Cl in KClO 3. Tentukan nombor pengoksidaan bagi klorin, Cl dalam KClO 3. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(ii)

State the substance that undergoes oxidation. Nyatakan bahan yang mengalami pengoksidaan. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(iii)

Explain the answer in (a)(ii) in terms of the change in the oxidation number. Terangkan jawapan di (a)(ii) dari segi perubahan nombor pengoksidaan. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(b)


91


Based on Diagram 6.2, Berdasarkan Rajah 6.2, (i)

State the colour of copper(II) sulphate solution in test tube I. Nyatakan warna larutan kuprum(II) sulfat di dalam tabung uji I. ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(ii)

Based on Diagram 6.2, explain the change in colour of copper(II) sulphate solution. Berdasarkan Rajah 6.2, terangkan perubahan warna larutan kuprum(II) sulfat. ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

(iii)

Suggest a suitable metal G. Write the ionic equation for the reaction in Diagram 6.2. Cadangkan logam G yang sesuai. Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas dalam Rajah 6.2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… …………………………………………………………………………………………………...... [2 marks]

(c)

Diagram 6.3 shows zinc plate attached to the hull of the ship to prevent rusting. Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan kepingan zink yang dilekatkan pada badan kapal bagi mengelakkan pengaratan.

Hull Badan kapal

Zinc plate Kepingan zink


Explain how zinc plate protect the ship’s hull from rusting. Terangkan bagaimana kepingan zink dapat melindungi badan kapal daripada berkarat. ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… …………………………………………………………………………………………………...... [2 marks]

92 (ii)


Write the half equation for the reaction in 6 (c)(i). Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di 6(c)(i). ………….………….…………………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

Chapter 13 : Chemical For Consumer [Perlis 2016, No 1] 1.

Table 1 shows information of the different types of medicine P, Q and R. Jadual 1 menunjukkan maklumat tentang jenis-jenis ubat berbeza P, Q dan R. Type of medicine Jenis ubatan Analgesic Analgesik Antibiotic Antibiotik R

(a)

(i)

Function Fungsi

To relief pain Mengurangkan kesakitan ………………………………………… To reduce tension and anxiety Mengurangkan tekanan dan kegelisahan Table 1/ Jadual 1

Example Contoh Aspirin Aspirin Penicilin Penisilin Tranquilizer Tranquilizer

State the type of medicine R. Nyatakan jenis ubat R. ..................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii)

What is the function of penicillin. Apakah fungsi penisilin. ..................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(iii)

En. Azlan who has gastric problems is suffering toothache for a few days. Suggest one medicine that must be taken by him. En. Azlan yang mempunyai masalah gastrik telah mengalami sakit gigi sejak beberapa lain. Cadangkan satu ubat yang perlu diambil oleh beliau. .................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

b)

The following equation shows the reaction that take place in the preparation of soap. Persamaan berikut menunjukkan tindak balas yang berlaku dalam penyediaan sabun. Palm oil

+

Minyak sawit

+

Concentrated Potassium hydroxide Kalium hidroksida pekat

Boil Pendidihan

Soap X

+ Gliserol

Sabun X + Gliserol

93 (i)


Name soap X. Namakan sabun X. .............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii)

Diagram 1.2 shows the structural formula of a soap anion. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan struktur formula bagi suatu anion sabun.

CH3

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2 CH2 CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2 CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH2

C

O-

O Part P Bahagian P

Part Q Bahagian Q

Diagram 1.2/ Rajah 1.2 State the property of part P and Q of soap anion. Nyatakan sifat bagi bahagian P dan Q dalam anion sabun. .............................................................................................................................. …………………………………………………………………………………… [2 mark] (c)

Diagram 1.3 shows the label on a pack of food. Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan label bagi satu bungkusan makanan.

Ingrediants: Non-dairy milk, sugar, ethyl butanoate , Sunset Yellow and ascorbic acid Bahan-bahan: Susu bukan tenusu , ula, etil butanoat, Sunset Yellow dan Diagram 1.3/ Rajah 1.3

Analisis Bertopik SPM 2016

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