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Ibhiâ Gcsolk
B ghr c bs mâlrojbs, sc pugcsscj scr bquo `ebjbgbs, scrobj tcstcjukebs gb vohmcktb c ncrhz vcrgbgc.
Bs pcquckbs jcjðrobs Fhsï Pbrbjblh
Oköjcrhs bjolhs jc ok`cktovbrbj b puimo`br cstbs c stbs jcjðrobs. ^ârohs ^ârohs `hmclbs, cktàh cstugbktcs ukovcrsotârohs, bssoj h flzcrbj. ^okê`ous Lhjcs, Nomopc Jomoth, Nrbk`os`h Jbkeàcs gc @bstrh, @mcjcktc Ibrb- `eh c Irukh Jbr`cmh gh Kbs`ojckth sc gcstb`brbj. Btckìàh Btckìàh cspc`obm `hj hs tcxths tcvc h bjolh b jolh ^o`thr Yhgrolucs, Yhgrolucs, cstugbktc gc g c Ph`ohmhlob, c Brostðtcmcs @brghkb Fukohr, uj fhvcj jïgo`h, ogcbmostb c êktclrh `hjh phu`hs. Blrbgc`ojckth nrbtcrkh gcvh bhs `hmclbs gb SNQC, Gbkocm Blrbgc`ojckth Gbkoc m Yhgrolucs, Cvshk Jbmbquobs c Mckcs Pbrbovb. Hs `hjpbkecorhs gh QPHM, cktrc cmcs Eckroquc Jhktc, nhrbj shircjbkcorb lckcrhshs. Juotb mcbmgbgc tcvc Bkt÷koh gc @bjphs, Qrcsogcktc gb Bssh`obìàh Qcrkbjiu`bkb gc Bkostobghs Qhmêto`hs (BQBQ), quc mutb tckbzjcktc cktrc kðs `hktrb h csquc`ojckth ghs bkhs gc `eujih, `hjh flzcrbj tbkths, ehfc phgc- rhshs. Sjb pbmbvrb bjolb c ok`cktovbghrb vcoh gh jhklc ickcgotokh, Jbr`c- mh Ibrrhs, quc `hkec`o rc`cktcjcktc pbrb pbrb b jokeb jbohr bmclrob, b mclrob, c gc Weoblh Pbrbovb Mcàh, jcu flmeh. Gc Nhrtbmczb, tovc h birbìh nrbtcrkh gc Gcjðstckcs Yoicorh, Jbrob gh @brjh Brrbcs, Mcokbg @brihloj c gc \omshk Kh`b, c gc Pàh Qbumh, b bjozbgc gc tbkths bkhs gc Jbrtb Nbofb c Jbrob @c`êmob Gï`hurt. B Fborh Mcotc, `hjpbkecorh gc mutbs c gc pbsscbtbs `hktrb b gotbgurb, h jcu juoth hirolbgh, c á Osborbs Qcrcorb, Qcr corb, pcmbs nhths gh Eckroquc, Eckroquc , vohmcktbgh `hj tbkth ðgoh. Bhs `hjphkcktcs gb Ibhiâ Gcsolk, pcmbs ogcobs ogco bs tàh ihkotbs. B thghs cmcs, h jcu birbìh bnctuhsh.
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Á jcjðrob gc ^oko`ous Lhjcs gc Ibrrhs c Pomvb, fhvcj jïgo`h ogcbmostb, jhrth prc`h`cjcktc, quc `hjpbrhu h projcorh cposðgoh kbrrbgh bh rhtcorh gc uj flmjc c, gc jhgh oko`obm, jc ok`cktovhu b puimo`â-mh cj nhrjb gc movrh.
Á jcjðrob ghs Qrhncsshrcs Kcwthk gc Phuzb, Kbêgc Wchgðsoh c Cmcbzbr Jb`ebgh, golkhs, sh`obmostbs, lckcrhshs c ihks.
Á jcjðrob gc Mbos @mïiob, jokeb orjà, quc tbkth jc bfughu cj tcjphs tckcirhshs.
Á `ogbgc gc Jossàh ^cmeb, @cbrâ, hkgc bprckgo b bjbr h jcu phvh.
^CKWHP GC MOICYWBÌÀH KBP QYBOBP GC ÂLSB IYBIB Qrcnâ`oh
Rucrogh(b) `hjpbkecorh(b) gc `bjokeh c ius`b, Whgh movrh ï uj goâmhlh cktrc qucj cs`rcvc c qucj mæ. Cstc, `hj juotb prhprocgbgc, oktotumbgh ”Âlub Irbib‚, rcsshb `hjh `ebjbgh husbgh c okïgoth b ujb bvckturb brros`bgb, jbs ojpcrgêvcm pbrb qucj scktc kh `hrbìàh b nhjc gc fustoìb c scgc gc moicrgbgc, kàh shjcktc pbrb so jcsjh(b), jbs pbrb thgb b eujbkogbgc. Rucj sc brros`b b mcr cstbs pâlokbs mhlh pcr`cic quc h movrh ï ibscbgh kb prhnukgb vovæk`ob pcsshbm gc Muromgh @mcbkh Yoicorh Pbrbovb, jïgo`h quc, juoth fhvcj, sc thrkhu `brgohmhlostb c `rcs`cu `hj h `hrbìàh ncrogh pcmhs shnrojckths sh`obos c phmêto`hs gh khssh phvh. Cmc hpthu phr scr uj vcrgbgcorh tcrbpcutb, kàh sð ghs `mocktcs quc h prh`urbj, jbs gh `hrbìàh gb sh`ocgbgc, kb mutb phr ”uj khvh jukgh phssêvcm‚, `hjh khs rc`hrgb h prh`cssh ghs btubos nðruks sh`obos.
27
 LS B I YBIB
Mhlh kh okê`oh gb sub `hkvcrsb `hj h mcothr, Muromgh `hkncssb quc gc`ogou cs`rcvcr cstc movrh pbrb ”jhstrbr á fuvcktugc gc ehfc hs vbmhrcs quc khrtcbrbj b khssb ïph`b gc fhvcks‚. Gc nbth, fâ kbs projcorbs pâlokbs gh scu rcmbth, khs `hktb b oktclrogbgc gh sckehr Bkt÷koh Bulusth Pbrbovb Mcàh, scu pbo. Cstc nhrjhu scus flmehs pbrb scrcj fhvcks bpboxhkbghs pcmb qucstàh gb fustoìb sh`obm c pcmb éksob gb trbksnhrjbìàh gh jukgh. Bssoj, kh flkbm ghs bkhs >1 c okê`oh gb gï`bgb scluoktc, `hjh jomotbktc sh`obm c pbrto`opbktc gb pbsthrbm ukovcrsotârob, Muromgh vovcu vârohs cposðgohs trâlo`hs gc khssb eostðrob kb`ohkbm, kb ïph`b gb jbos gurb rcprcssàh gb gotbgurb jomotbr. Bh rcjcjhrâ-mhs kcstbs pâlokbs, cmc hs rcvovc `hjh ujb ”jcjðrob pcrolhsb‚ quc khs `hjprhjctc b thghs, pbrb quc `uogcjhs gc quc, kuk`b jbos sc rcpotbj jhkstruhsogbgcs `hjh bqucmbs quc b khssb lcrbìàh prhtblhkozhu c shnrcu. Cstc movrh kàh sc prhpóc b scr uj rcmbth `hjpmcth hu sostcjâto`h gbqucmcs bkhs gc `eujih. @hktïj bpckbs uj tcstcjukeh pcsshbm gc nbths vovoghs c shnroghs phr Muromgh c phr juoths rbpbzcs c jhìbs gc sub lcrbìàh quc, `hjh h fhvcj Gbvo gb Iêimob, mutbrbj `hktrb h lolbktc Lhmobs, rcprcscktbgh pcmh lhvcrkh gb ïph`b, `hj thgh h scu bpbrbth, nhrìb jomotbr c phgcr. Kbrrbghs phr Muromgh, hs cposðgohs bquo gcs`roths sc su`cgcj, `cktrbghs cj pcrshkblcks `ufh ecrhêsjh bokgb prc`osb scr rc`hkec`ogh hfl`obmjcktc c, bh jcsjh tcjph, `hj uj pbkh gc nukgh quc ï `hkec`ogb phr thgh irbsom irbsomcorh corh icj oknhrjbgh. @hjh cj uj flmjc gh @okcjb Khvh irbsomcorh, h projcorh cposðgoh, ”@uogbgh, Eckroquc‚, cktrc`ruzb `ckbs gh `hrtc fh nök nökcirc circ gh pbgrc Bkt÷ Bkt÷koh koh Eckr Eckroqu oqucc Qcrcorb Kct Kcth, h, khjc khjcbgh bgh pcmh br`ciosph Ghj Eïmgcr @éjbrb `hjh bssostcktc gc pbsthrbm gb Fuvcktugc. Cj jboh gc 2?>?, bhs 95 bkhs, cmc nho bssbssokbgh pcmb gotbgurb gotbgu rb jomotbr, khs `bjphs gb ^ârzcb, ^ârzcb, kh Yc`onc. Bs `ckbs quc qu c Muromgh rcjcjhrb gc nhrjb `hjhvcktc, cu tbjiïj tcstcjukeco, tcstcjuke co, `hjh fhvcj jhkl jhklc. c. Btï cktàh, c ktàh, cu bokg bokgbb vovob khs `mb `mbustrh ustrhss gh jhstc jhstcorh. orh. Pð b pbrtor gh jbrtêroh gc Eckroquc, pugc `hjcìbr ujb cxpcroæk`ob gc okscrìàh `hj fhvcks, kb @bsb gb Nrbtcrkogbgc, cj Hmokgb. Fukth
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23
`hj h sbmcsobkh pbgrc Ovbk Wcðflmh, b orjà Qhjpïb Icrkbs`hko c hutrhs, oktclrco oktclrco b cquopc pbsthrbm quc, kb brquogoh`csc gc Hmokgb c Yc`onc, `hktokuhu h b`hjpbkebjckth gc fhvcks cstugbktcs, nukìàh quc Eckroquc rcbmozbvb `hj tbkth `brosjb. ^ârohs ghs nbths, bquo, rcvovogbs rcvo vogbs phr Muromgh, cu `hkec`o gc pcrth. Mcjirh-jc `hj bjozbgc gh Gr. Lbmgokh Mhrcth c gc subs træs flmebs quc nbzobj pbrtc gh lruph gc fhvcks b`hjpbkebgh phr Eckroquc. Jbos tbrgc, vârobs vcvczcs, b`hjpbkeco Ghj Ibsêmoh Qckogh, bibgc gh Jhstcorh Pàh Ickth gc Hmokgb, cj vosotbs b @ékgogh Qokth, fhvcj prcsogcktc gh G@C, vêtojb gb rcprcssàh c prhtblhkostb gc hutrh ghs cposðgohs bquo rclostrbghs. Whgb b khssb lcrbìàh sc rc`hrgb gb ”pbsscbtb ghs `cj jom‚ kh Yoh gc Fbkcorh, gh scqucstrh gh cjiboxbghr bjcro`bkh c gb trh`b gh prosohkcorh phr prcshs phmêto`hs gb gotbgurb. Muromgh `hktb `hjh ossh rcpcr`utou kh Yc`onc `hj b moicrtbìàh gh vckcrâvcm c ecrho`h `hjpbkecorhh Lrclðroh Iczcrrb, cxombgh kh Jïxo`h, kb jcsjb hpc`hjpbkecor rbìàh quc mcvhu h fhvcj nrco Woth Bmck`br bh cxêmoh cj Qbros, hkgc b jcjðrob gbs thrturbs shnrogbs kbs jàhs gh nbjolcrbgh Pïrloh Nmcury, h `hkguzou á jhrtc. Kàh gcvh bktc`opbr jbos kbgb pbrb kàh rhuibr gc vh`æ quc `hjcìb b mcr cstc movrh h lhsth prðproh gc mcr cstbs kbrrbtovbs, kh cstomh sojpmcs c `hjpctcktc gc cs`rothr quc Muromgh rcvcmb bh khs thjbr pcmb jàh c khs `hkguzor phr cstcs jcbkgrhs gb eostðrob. Cmc khs nbz scktor h quc cmc c scus `hjpbkecorhs scktobj c `ehrbr b ghr quc vovcrbj kh gcksh pcrêhgh gcstb lrbvogcz gc uj Irbsom jbos movrc c jbos fusth. fust h. Kh proj projcorh corh `bpê `bpêtum tumhh gh movrh, Mur Muromg omghh `otb Irct` Irct`e e bh goz gozcr6 cr6 ”uj phvh scj pbssbgh phgc kàh tcr nuturh‚. Qhr ossh, h jcjhrobm gcstc pbssbgh kàh khs rcjctc bpckbs á khstbmlob gcstcs tcjphs pbssbghs, jbs khs sotub kh quc, ehfc, vovcjhs vovcjhs cj vârohs phkths gb Bjïro`b Mbtokb. M btokb. Kàh nho shjcktc shjc ktc kh Irbsom quc vovcjhs b rcprcssàh jomotbr c b nbmtb gc moicrgbgc. Muromgh nbz rcncræk`ob á gotbgurb gc Qokh`ect kh @eomc. Govcrshs pbêscs mbtokh-bjcro`bkhs vovcrbj bs
2>
 LS B I YBIB
jcsjbs ghrcs gc pbrth pbrb uj tcjph khvh c gc moicrgbgc. Ehfc, cjihrb bokgb ok`opocktc c nrâlom, phgcjhs tcstcjukebr bmluks nruths gcstc prh`cssh. Cj vârohs mulbrcs gh `hktokcktc, bjbgurc`c uj prh`cssh gc jugbkìbs cstruturbos quc, jcsjh `hj govcrsbs `hktrbgoìócs, `hjcìb b thjbr nhrjbs gc uj sh`obmosjh khvh quc hrlbkozb hrlb kozb b moicrtbìàh scjcbgb phr cstcs orjàhs c orjàs quc Muromgh bquo rc`hrgb c `hj hs qubos `hkvo `hkvovcu. vcu. B ius`b gc moicrtbìàh tcj sc `hk`rctozbgb cj khvbs @hkstotuoìócs kb`ohkbos c bmlujbs jcgogbs `hjh rcnhrjb blrârob pbrb hs mbvrbghrcs c b phssoiomogbgc gh phvh vhmtbr b scr prhproctâroh gh pctrðmch kb ^ckczucmb, gbs jokbs gc cstbkeh c `hirc kb Ihmêvob c gc hutrhs icks kbturbos kh Cqubghr. ^h`æ quc mæ cstbs pâlokbs phgc bmojcktbr thgbs bs `rêto`bs quc quoscr, jbs tcrâ scjprc h gorcoth gc shkebr `hj h prh`cssh sh`obm quc, kb ^ckczucmb, cstâ sckgh `ebjbgh gc ”rcvhmuìàh ihmovbrobkb‚, kh Cqubghr ”prh`cssh `ogbgàh‚, kb Ihmêvob c cj hutrhs pbêscs thjb khjcs `hjh ”rcssurlæk`ob okgêlckb‚. @hjh bflrjb h prhncsshr Ihbvckturb gc Phuzb Pbkths6 ”B Bjïro`b Mbtokb tcj sogh h `hktokcktc, hkgc h sh`obmosjh gh sï`umh UUO cktrhu kb blckgb phmêto`b‚ 2. Kcstc khvh prh`cssh, h omustrc prhncsshr phrtuluæs gostokluc træs ctbpbs hu gojcksócs quc tæj h`hrrogh kh `hktokcktc6 2) b trbksoìà trbksoìàhh gb gotbgurb á gcjh`rb`ob. Cjihrb gc vcz cj qubkgh, bquo c bmo, hs scthrcs jbos rcb`ohkârohs, rcb`ohkârohs, ok`hknhrjbghs `hj bs jugbkìbs `hkquostbgbs, cksbocj bjcbìbs gc khvhs lhmpcs jomotbrcs, b prðprob ukoàh ghs lhvcrkhs c pbêscs gh gh `hktokcktc mbtokh-bjcro`bkh tcj gofl`umtbgh c btï ojphssoiomotbgh cstc rc`uh. Ossh sc vcrofl`hu cj Ehkgurbs Ehkgurbs (911?) c tbjiïj cj ujb tcktbtov tcktb tovbb nrb`bssbgb gc lhmpc jomotbr kh Cqubghr (9121). Kh Irbsom, b rc`cktc gos`ussàh shirc b mco gb Bkostob c b ojphssoiomogbgc gc
2 - @n. IHB^CKWSYB GC PHSPB PBKWHP, B csqucrgb tcj h phgcr phmêto`h, jbs b gorcotb `hktokub `hj h phgcr c`hk÷jo`h . Ok @brhs Bjolhs , jbrìh 9121, p. 79.
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sc `hkstotuor ujb ”@hjossàh gb ^crgbgc‚ pbrb b okvcstolbìàh ghs `rojcs `hjctoghs pcmh Cstbgh, kb ïph`b ghs lhvcrkhs jomotbrcs, jhstrb quc cstb pbssblcj gb gotbgurb á gcjh`rb`ob sh`obm c phmêto`b bokgb kàh nho pmckbjcktc pmckbjcktc `hk`muêgb. 9) B trbksoìàh gh `hmhkobmosjh á gcs`hmhkozbìàh. Cj thgb b Bjïro`b Mbtokb, eâ uj nhrtbmc`ojckth gc jhvojckths okgêlckbs c kclrhs, bssoj `hjh kbs khvbs @hkstotuoìócs kb`ohkbos (`hjh kh Cqubghr c Ihmêvob) hs pbêscs sc prh`mbjbj pmurokb`ohkbos. 0) b trbksoìàh gh `bpotbmosjh b uj `bjokeh quc sc `hkstotub `hjh uj khvh sh`obmosjh pbrb h sï`umh UUO. Cstc sh`obmosjh gc toph khvh kàh sc ibscob kb ogchmhlob ghs vcmehs pbrtoghs gc csqucrgb, jbs kb `hk`cpìàh okgêlckb gh ”ihj vovcr‚ quc solkofl`b b prohrogbgc gh `hmcto `hmctovh vh shirc h okgovogubm, b sustcktbiomogbgc kh cstomh gh `hkvêvoh eujbkh c b vbmhrozbìàh gbs `umturbs butð`thkcs c gc hutrhs jhgcmhs gc gcjh`rb` g cjh`rb`ob ob jbos gcs`cktr gcs`cktrbmozbbmozbghs c gc c`hkhjob jbos shmogârobs c gc pbrtomeb. B nï rcvhmu`ohkârob quc kcstc movrh Muromgh tcstcjukeb khs `hkvogb b vcrjhs, kcstc `bjokeh rcvhmu`ohkâroh, kàh sð uj cvckth sh`obm c phmêto`h, jbs uj sokbm `mbrh gc quc h Cspêroth Govokh sus`otb khvhs pbsshs gc moicrgbgc c shmogbrocgbgc cktrc khsshs phvhs. H scu bjhr khs ukc cj uj khvh prhfcth gc pâtrob lrbkgc, `hjh, kh okê`oh gh sï`umh UOU, crb h shkeh gc Pojhk Ihmêvbr, h moicrtbghr. Bh sbihrcbr cstbs pâlokbs, scfb vh`æ rcmolohsh(b) hu kàh, phgcrâ sc scktor, ehfc, `ebjbgh(b) bh `hjprhjossh moicrtbghr quc, tàh cjphmlbgbjcktc, cstc movrh gcs`rcvc. Rucj `ræ cj Gcus c qucj kàh `ræ b kàh scr kb prðprob eujbkogbgc, sbic quc sc bvckturbr kcstc `bjokeh pbrb b moicrtbìàh ï gcoxbr-sc `hkguzor phr uj Cspêroth gc bjhr quc ”shprb hkgc qucr, huvc-sc b sub vhz, jbs kàh sc sbic pbrb hkgc vbo kcj gc hkgc vcj‚ (Fh 0, 5). B joj, `rostàh, cmc sus-
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surrb uj khjc quc jc mcvb bh Okflkoth6 Fcsus gc Kbzbrï. Jbs, jc mcvbb tbjiïj b hutrhs khjcs quc sàh sok÷kojhs gc bjhr c gc pbz, mcv kbs jbos goncrcktcs rcmoloócs c kbs jbos govcrsbs `umturbs. Ruc roquczb. Kckeuj jhrtbm phgc bjhrgbìbr b vcktbkob hu nrcbr b moicrgbgc gh Cspêroth. H jostïroh ï khssb Qbz c hs `bjokehs rcmolohshs phgcj bpckbs scr khssbs pbrâihmbs gc bjhr, sc b`cotbj sc ukor bhs `bjokehs gbs pcsshbs quc ius`bj b moicrtbìàh, `hjh b lcrbìàh gc fhvcks gcs`rotb kcstc movrh. @hjh, kh sï`umh O^, cs`rcvcu Blhstokeh6 ”Bphktcj-jc bmluïj quc bjc c cmc scktc h quc csthu gozckgh. Gccj-jc bmluïj quc gcscfc, quc `bjokec kcstc gcscrth, bmluïj quc tckeb scgc c susporb pcmb nhktc nhktc gb vogb. Jhstrc-jc cstb pcsshb c cmb sbicrâ h quc qucrh gozcr‚ (Pth Blhstokeh)9. H orjàh c `hjpbkecor `hjpbkecorh, h, Jbr`cmh Ibrrhs0
9 - BLHPWOKEH, Wrbtbgh shirc h Cvbklcmeh gc Fhàh 9>, 7 . @ot. phr @hkkbossbk`c gcs Qårcs gc m‟Ïlmosc09 - gcz. 2?55, `bpb. 0 - Jbr`cmh Ibrrhs ï jhklc ickcgotokh c tcðmhlh gb moicrtbìàh. Ï jcjirh gb @hjossàh Mbtokh-bjcro`bkb gb Bssh`obìàh C`ujæko`b ghs Wcðmhlhs(bs) gh Wcr`corh Jukgh (BPCWW) c bsscsshr gh Jhvojckth ghs Wrbibmebghrcs scj Wcrrb (JPW) c gc vârohs jhvojckths phpumbrcs. Wcj puimo`bghs 0< movrhs kh Irbsom c cj hutrhs ogohjbs. Sj ghs jbos rc`cktcs ï ”H Bjhr nc`ukgb h Skovcrsh‚ (C`hmhlob c Csporotubmogbgc), `hj `h-buthrob gc Nrco Ictth, Cm Blor, 911?.
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@ebjbvb-sc Bkt÷koh Bulusth Pbrbovb Mcàh c crb kbturbm gc Ruoxcrbjhioj, @cbrâ. Ðrnàh gc pbo c jàc bhs ghos bkhs nho `robgh phr tohs. Fâ bhs 29 bkhs, mutbvb pcmb vogb, bpcsbr gc pcrtck`cr á nbjêmob khirc gh oktcrohr khrgcstokh. Nho ibm`hkostb, sokbmozbghr gc trcj, jcjirh gc ibkgb juso`bm c tï`ko`h cj `ðgolh Jhrsc6 `hjh `eclhu bh @broro `cbrcksc8 Kàh sco. H jcu pbo `bshu-sc phr gubs vczcs cj Jossàh ^cmeb, hkgc kbs`o. Whrkhu-sc uj ehjcj ro`h kh `hjïr`oh rclohkbm, c jbos bokgb, `hjh ghkh gc mbtonökgoh, jbs crb molbgh bnctovbjcktc bhs jbos phircs, tbmvcz phrquc nho `robgh phr Jbrobkb, cs`rbvb kclrb quc scrvou á sub nbjêmob. Khs jcus sctc bkhs, bh nbmbr kh kb`ohkbmosjh c sh`obmosjh, khtbkgh jokeb sojpbtob phr cssbs hpìócs ogchmðlo`bs, gozob ”pbrc`c quc cstc jckokh vbo scr `hjukostb‚. Pcjprc jbktcvc nhrtc bjozbgc `hj @bgctc, uj ehjcj phirc c kclrh, Qrcsogcktc gh Q@I jossàhvcmecksc, c qubkgh cssc scu bjolh crb bjcbìbgh gc scr prcsh, pcmbs jutbìócs phmêto`bs `ê`mo`bs gh khssh pbês, h cs`hk-
91
 LS B I YBIB
gob kb @boìbrb, h scu sêtoh, `hj hrgcj cxprcssb gc scr bmojcktbgh gobrobjcktc. Bgjorbvb Muos @brmhs Qrcstcs c `hj h scu khjc khjchu h scu projcorh flmeh ehjcj. Crb uj ehjcj jbrbvomehsh, gc lrbkgc golkogbgc c ehkcstogbgc. Rubkgh rcsphkgo Qrh`cssh phmêto`h, ok`ursh kh Brtolh 7<<, jhvogh pcmh O^ Cxïr`oth, cs`rcvcu-jc mokgb `brtb, quc okncmozjcktc tovc gc rbslbr, `hjh nbzêbjhs nrcqucktcjcktc gurbktc b gotbgurb. Bmo, cmc jc prcstbvb bphoh ok`hkgo`ohkbm, scktob-sc ehkrbgh pcmb jokeb mutb, nbmhu jbm c `hj juotb rbovb ghs jomotbrcs, c jc jbkghu uj phu`h gc gokecorh, quc mec crb cs`bssh gcsgc quc nbmou, phr `hk`hrræk`ob gcsmcbm gb iurlucsob kb `ogbgc cj quc vovcu c, tbmvcz, phr ossh jcsjh, kàh suphrtbvb h jhgh gc vogb ghs khrtc-bjcro`bkhs, gozob nrcqucktcjcktc6 nrcqucktcjcktc6 ”bjcro`bkh sð qucr h gokecorh ghs hutrhs‚. H jcu pbo jhmghu b jokeb hpìàh phmêto`b, quc sc rcvcmhu fâ khs jcus 20 bkhs, gcnckgckgh b rcnhrjb blrârob kh @hmïloh Goh`csbkh gh @rbth. Bhs 2< bkhs, rc`usco rc`cicr b jcgbmeb gc Ehkrb bh Jïroth kh @hmïloh Pbmcsobkh gh Yc`on Yc`onc, c, `hjh bmukh projcorh gc turjb, phr scr h Ehjckblcbgh prok`opbm, h sckehr Mbcm Pbjpboh, quc bphohu bicrtbjcktc h lhmpc jomotbr gc >7. Gcsgc b gcrruibgb gc Fbklh, jc hpus á gotbgurb, c `hktrb cmb mutco scjprc. Pcjprc nuo c scrco gc csqucrgb. @rcoh cj uj rclojc gc pmckb fustoìb sh`obm c gc olubmgbgc, phrquc mo h Cvbklcmeh gc @rosth, `hjh cksokhu Ghj Ecmgcr,, c bmo vo cstb phsoìàh ogchmðlo`b, quc b Olrcfb cs`hkgc. Ecmgcr Bh cktrbr kb Skovcrsogbgc, cj 2?>3, sckgh h trhtc gb khssb turjb, gosshmvogh phr nhrtc rcprcssàh jomotbr, cj nb`c gc pbkcths quc jcjirhs gb FS@ gostroiuêbj `hktrb h cktàh ”Qrcsogcktc‚ @bstcmh Irbk`h, rc`cickgh nhrtc `b`ctbgb gc shmgbgh kbs `hstbs, kh okê`oh gb Yub Khvb, tovc h jcu ibtosjh phmêto`h kh @ursh Pupcrohr. Jbs, phr quc fhvcks bokgb bghmcs`cktcs, bhs 2<, 25 bkhs, hroukghs gc mh`bos tàh govcrshs gh Irbsom ‐ gh Bjbzhkbs, gh Qobuê, gh @cbrâ, gb Qbrbêib, bquo gc Qcrkbjiu`h ‐ sc crlucrbj `hktrb gotbgurb, gc
O KWYHGSÌÀH
92
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99
 LS B I YBIB
@ebrgok, bmïj gc hutrhs buthrcs jbrxostbs. Ïrbjhs rbgo`bos `hjh `rostàhs, cj `rcr quc b gcrruibgb gb gotbgurb trbrob uj rclojc gc kbturczb sh`obmostb, fusth c eujbkh. ^êbjhs, bssoj, h Cvbklcm Cvbklcmeh eh gc Pàh Jbtcus, `hjh h vou Qêcr Qêc r Qbhmh Qbshmoko Qbshmoko kh scu nbjhsh nbj hsh flmjc. Bs ck`ê`mo`bs gc Fhàh UUOOO c gc Qbumh ^O okuck`obrbj, shircjhgh, shircjhgh, h khssh cklbfbjckth phmêto`h. B rbgo`bmozbìàh gh rclojc gc >7, bquo cj Qcrkbjiu`h bphobgh bicrtbjcktc phr Lomicrth Nrcyrc c Jbr`hs Jb`ocm, quc sc vcrofl`hu `hj b cgoìàh gh Bth Okstotu`ohkbm Köjcrh 3, cj quc b gotbgurb sc gc`mbrbvb gc`mbrb vb ”cs`bk`brbgb‚, ”cs`bk`brbgb‚, `hjh nbmhu Cmoh Lbspbro, c birob h scu `o`mh jbohr gc tcrr tcrrhr hr `hktrb hs scus hphsothrcs, khs thrkbrob tbjiïj bokgb jbos rbgo`bos. Mcjirh-jc, pbrto`umbrjcktc, pbrto`umbrjcktc, cj flks gc 2?<1, gh jhjckth cj quc Ybkösob Bmvcs Yhgrolucs jc nbmhu gb sub ircvc cktrbgb kb mutb brjbgb `hktrb h rclojc, cmb cktàh, ckncrjcorb gh OJOQ, sckgh `eb`okbgb gcphos, gc jhgh ehrropombktc, phr Pcrloh Nmcury, kh Yoh gc Fbkcorh, cj 2?<2. Rubm h jcu gcscfh jbohr cj kbrrbr csscs Cposðgohs quc `hjpócj h movrh8 Jhstrbr á fuvcktugc gc ehfc hs vbmhrcs quc khrtcbrbj b khssb, kcstcs tcjphs scj uthpobs, gc ghjêkoh qubsc bishmuth gh Gcus jcr`bgh, okncmozjcktc shi h ickcpmâ`oth gc bktolhs `hjpbkecorhs, csquc`oghs gbqucmcs gobs gc mutb, lmhrohshs c puklcktcs, c `hktroiuor pbrb quc cssc pbssbgh eostðro`h, qubsc ecrho`h ecrho`h,, kàh scfb kuk`b csquc`ogh. Bflkbm, uj phvh scj pbssbgh phgc kàh tcr nuturh, `hjh gozob Irc`et.
ÂLSB IYBIB
Jcjðrobs gc tcjphs utðpo`hs, khs ibstoghrcs gb mutb ecrho`b, gc fhvcks ckmh ckmhuqu uquc`o c`oghs ghs phr fust fustoìb oìb c moicrg m oicrgbgc bgc.. *** Gob gcsscs, uj `bjphkæs bvosthu pcmb projcorb vcz h jbr. ‗ Gcus gh `ïu, gossc cmc, tugh ossh ï âlub8 ‗ Ï, Qcgrh. ‗ Hxcktc, c ï âlub irbib! *** Cj 2?>5, kb Nrbkìb, h flmjc ”H ibmàh vcrjcmeh‚, gc Bmicrt Mbjhrrossc, nho `hksogcrbgh h jcmehr flmjc gb gï`bgb, rc`cickgh h Qræjoh Cgu`b`ohkbm gh Bkh. Ï uj flmjc qubsc jugh, rcbmozbgh cj 2?3>, quc jhstrb h bjhr quc sc `rob cktrc uj jckokh c uj ibmàh, quc kàh jbos `hksclucj scpbrb scpbrbr-sc, r-sc, btï scr cstc gcstruêgh pcmb okv okvcfb cfb gc hutrhs jckokhs. Sjb mokgb nbktbsob, prhnukgbjcktc prhnukgbjcktc eujbkb.
97
 LS B I YBIB
Eâ phu`h, kh Irbsom, h fuoz Jâr`oh Fhsï gc Jhrbcs, quc `hkgckhu b Skoàh kh `bsh ^mbgojor Ecrzhl, rc`hkec`cu6 ‗ Cj 2?>5, b gotbgurb cstbvb cxtrcjbgb. Cj 2?>?, Yuo gb @hstb Bktukcs jc nbmhu6 ‗ Cstb gotbgurb vbo gcjhrbr uks 01 bkhs. H quc ï osth cj tcrjhs gc Eostðrob8 Kbgb. Qbrb vh`æ, ï b prðprob vogb. ‗ Qhu`h ojphrtb. Hgcoh b okfustoìb. Cj tcjphs tàh jhrkhs gc eujbkogbgc, gc `bmhr eujbkh, gc nrbtcrkogbgc, gh ïpo`h...
Q YCÉJISMH
93
Cj 2?>7, bhs 2> bkhs, jc prcpbrbvb pbrb h vcstoiumbr gc Jcgo`okb. Kbqucmb qubrtb ncorb, projcorh gc birom, bprhxojbgbjcktc ás khvc ehrbs, hs bmukhs gh tcr`corh bkh `ocktêfl`h gh @hmïloh Pbmcsobkh gh Yc`onc nhjhs bvosbghs pcmh Qrhncsshr gc Ruêjo`b, gc hrolcj nrbk`csb, quc tokeb sogh gc`rctbgh ncrobgh `hmclobm pcmh Qbgrc @hmbrcs, h Gorcthr. Gorcthr. Gossc-khs quc oktcksb jhiomozbìàh jomotbr h`hrrob kh `cktrh gh Yc`onc, cj `hkshkék`ob áqucmb quc ebvob cj Jokbs Lcrbos c kh Yoh gc Fbkcorh, `hktrb h Qrcsogcktc Fhàh Lhumbrt. Cu jhrbvb cj bpbrtbjckth gb jokeb orjà Mckcs, kb jcsjb Yub Ghj Ihs`h, hkgc cstugbvb. Cj vcz gc or pbrb `bsb, `hjh khs nho rc`hjckgbgh pcmh Qrhncsshr, gorolo-jc bh `cktrh. Gcvh tcr ogh á pï, hs ÷koius cs`bsscbvbj. Rucrob vcr hs b`hktc`ojckths phmêto`hs quc sc gcsck`bgcbvbj bmo. Ebiotubmjcktc, nrcqucktbvb `hjê`ohs kbs Bvckogbs Gbktbs Ibrrcth c Lubrbrbpcs, prhjhvoghs pcmb Nrcktc gc Csqucrgb, quc lhvcrkbvb Qcrkbjiu`h, mogcrbgb pcmh Lhvcrkbghr Jolucm Brrbcs gc Bmck`br c pcmh Qrcncoth Qcmðpogbs Pomvcorb. Kbqucmcs `hjê`ohs, `hkec`o lrbkgcs mêgcrcs eostðro`hs, `hjh Muos @brmhs Qrcstcs, Gbr`y Yoicorh, Mchkcm Irozhmb, Nrbk`os`h Fumoàh, Lrclðroh Iczcrrb, c h prðproh Qrcsogcktc Lhumbrt, quc fâ vorb bktcs cj @rbth, @cbrâ, `rcoh `rcoh kh bkh gc 2?3?. Cu bgjorbvb Fhàh Lhumbrt, jcsjh sckgh tàh fhvcj c phu`h vovogh. Wbmvcz, cmc tckeb sogh kb Eostðrob gh pbês, h gorolcktc jbos bjolh gb `mbssc trbibmebghrb quc khs lhvcrkhu, b jcu vcr, supcrohr bh Mumb, `hjh uj gob scrâ rc`hkec`ogh. Whgh h scu lhvcrkh crb vhmtbgh nukgbjcktbmjcktc bh oktcrcssc oktcrcssc ghs jbos eujomgcs, c phr ossh jcsjh, sub phpumbrogbgc bm`bkìbvb bmlh cj thrkh gc <1%. Ruos mojotbr, khs cstcrthrcs gh scu lhvcrkh, b rcjcssb okgos`rojokbgb gc gðmbrcs osckths gc ojphsths, `hjh sc vou eâ phu`h, okgh ás jbtrozcs gh cxtcrohr `cr`b gc qubtrh qubt rh iomeócs gc gðmbrcs pcmbs jhktbghrbs gc vcê`umhs, kh bkh gc 9121. @rohu h 20¶ jæs gc sbmâroh, bjpmohu bs nïrobs bkubos, rc`hkec`cu hs gorcoths trbibmeostbs ghs `bjphkcscs, vbmhrozhu h cksokh pöimo`h c lrbtuoth, bjpmohu bs Skovcrsogbgcs Nc-
9>
 LS B I YBIB
gcrbos, ncz b rcnhrjb blrârob, okncmozjcktc kàh `ujprogb, bh mhklh gc thgbs bs cstrbgbs ncgcrbos gh pbês. Crb uj ehjcj ro`h, jbs prhnukgbjcktc ihj c eujbkh. Kàh pugc gorolor-jc bh prïgoh ghs @hrrcohs, kb Bvckogb Lubrbrbpcs, `hjh prctckgob. Kh flkbm gb Qhktc Gubrtc @hcmeh, h Cxïr`oth ghjokbvb thgh h `cktrh. Gciru`co-jc, cktàh, kh mbgh csqucrgh gb Qhktc, c pugc vcr jhjckths gb gcphsoìàh gh Lhvcrkbghr Brrbcs, bh mhklc, kh Qâtoh gh @bjph gbs Qrok`csbs, okukgbgh gc vobturbs jomotbrcs, quc b jokeb vostb bm`bkìbvb. Gc `hstbs, kàh pcr`cio b `eclbgb gc uj shmgbgh gh Cxïr`oth, c suiotbjcktc, sckto okstrujckth jctâmo`h kh jcu `hrph, ujb ibohkctb tcktbvb tcktbvb ncror-jc h ghrsh, h jomotbr b gozcr6 ”sbob gbquo, sc kàh scrâ prcsh!‚ @hrro pbrb Bvckogb @hkgc gb Ihb ^ostb c blubrgco h ÷koius ”Omeb gh Mcotc‚, quc jc mcvbrob gc vhmtb bh jcu mbr. Gc rcpcktc, pbssbj ghos cstugbktcs, `hj ogbgc cj thrkh gc 91, 99 bkhs, uj gcmcs sbklrbkgh, b lrotbr6 ”H Pum cstâ `hkhs`h, `hj h Qrcsogcktc Lhumbrt, kðs vck`crcjhs!‚ Huvorb, bktcs, torhs gc jctrbmebghrb, kb bmturb gb Bvckogb Lubrbrbpcs. B `hosb pbrc`ob ncob. Cj `bsb, pcmh râgoh, shuicjhs quc h Lckcrbm Mbgâroh Qcrcorb Wcmcs, @hjbkgbktc gh OOO Cxïr`oth, bphobvb h Qrcsogcktc, c h rc`cicrb cj Qhrth Bmclrc, pbrb hkgc cmc sc gorolou nb`c á rcvhmtb jomotbr quc pbrtob gc Jokbs Lcrbos, `hj thgbs bs ehkrbs gcvogbs á buthrogbgc jbohr gh pbês. Cj Qcrkbjiu`h, h Lckcrbm Fustokh Bmvcs Ibsths, quc `hjbkgbvb h O^ Cxïr`oth, ehjcj têioh c okgc`osh, fl`brb cj `ojb gh jurh, hiscrvbkgh pbrb hkgc sc ok`mokbvbj bs nhrìbs jomotbrcs kh sum, phos, kh gob bktcrohr, quc prc`cgcrb á qubrtcmbgb gc ”Qrojcorh gc Birom‚, tokeb goth bh Lhvcrkbghr Brrbcs, quc cstbvb `hj b mclbmogbgc. Jcktou, mhlh bgcrokgh bhs rcvhmthshs gc Jokbs Lcrbos c gh Yoh gc Fbkcorh. H Gcputbgh Mchkcm Irozhmb, gc vbmcktob ok`hktcstâvcm, `ukebgh gh Qrcsogcktc, c h Lckcrbm Qcrcorb Wcmcs shmo`otbrbj-mec hrgcj gc jbr-
Q YCÉJISMH
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`eb `hktrb Jokbs, `hj h bphoh gb Bcrhkâuto`b c gbs lubrkoìócs jomotbrcs gc Pbktb @btbrokb c gh Qbrbkâ. Lbrbktou h lrbkgc jomotbr quc gctcrob hs rcicmgcs. Lhumbrt kàh b`cothu. H Lckcrbm Mbgâroh nho oksostcktc, jbs h Qrcsogcktc, shi b bmclbìàh gc kàh qucrcr gcrrbjbjckth gc sbkluc, kàh h huvou, gc jhgh pcrcjptðroh. Qrcncrob cxombr-sc kh Srulubo, cj sub nbzckgb. Cj Irbsêmob, gc jhgh okgc`hrhsh, h Qrcsogcktc gh Pckbgh, Burh gc Jhurb Bkgrbgc, gc`mbrbvb vblb b Qrcsogæk`ob gb Ycpöimo`b, jcsjh sbickgh quc h scu jbkgbtâroh ck`hktrbvb-sc kh pbês, cj Qhrth Bmclrc. Kh mothrbm gh Khrgcstc, ck`hktrbvbj-sc kbvohs gb Rubrtb Csqubgrb ghs CSB, pbrb b gcvogb oktcrvckìàh jomotbr gobktc gc qubmqucr nrb`bssh, quc pugcssc h`hrrcr bhs quc trbêbj h scu furbjckth `hkstotu`ohkbm. Ehjcj gc ihj `hrbìàh, h lrbkgc Qrcsogcktc fbjbos ojblokhu quc ujb mhklb khotc gc tcrrhr sc gcsck`bgcbrob cj thgh pbês, hkgc h`hrrcrobj `ckbs gc `rucmgbgc okgcs`rotêvcm, `hj ojcksh prcfuêzh gb lcrbìàh b quc pcrtck`o, vohmcktbgb vohmcktb gb gurbktc 92 bkhs. @hjctcu uj lrbkgc crrh eostðro`h. Qhr quc h Qrcsogcktc Fhàh Lhumbrt kàh buthrozhu h Lckcrbm Qcrcorb Wcmcs b gctcr hs rcvhmthshs, hrocktbghs pcmb gorcotb rcb`ohkârob, quc hrqucstrbrb h Lhmpc gc Cstbgh, shi b hrocktbìàh gh Cjiboxbghr bjcro`bkh Mok`hmk Lhrghk8
@SOGBGH, ECKYORSC!
Bqucmb qubrtb-ncorb, 95 gc jboh gc 2?>?, `crtbjcktc jc b`hjpbkebrob pcmh rcsth gb vogb. Kb Olrcfb gh Cspokecorh, h`upbgb phr fhvcks c rcmolohshs, jc bprhxojh gh `boxàh. H scu rhsth gcsfllurbgh, ujb jbk`eb ckclrc`ogb h`upbkgh b jctbgc gb nb`c, b ih`b bicrtb, vârohs gcktcs cxtorpbghs, h hmeh csqucrgh qucrckgh sbor gb g b ðriotb, `bicmhs brrbk`bghs... @ehrh `hkvumsovbjcktc. Gobktc gbqucmc `hrph tàh nrâlom, vohmcktbgh, eujomebgh, furh gcgo`br b jokeb vogb jïgo`b bhs jbos sojpmcs. H jcu projcorh flmeh tcrob h scu khjc6 cu mec prhjcth. ”Qrhvb gc bjhr jbohr kàh eâ, Ruc ghbr b vogb pcmh orjàh...‚
H rcnràh gh `bkth rcmolohsh, nhrtc c puklcktc, c`hb kb olrcfb mhtbgb.
01
 LS B I YBIB
Gobs bktcs, ás 25 ehrbs, kh okê`oh gc jboh, Eckroquc cstovcrb kb pcksàh hkgc rcsogob, kb Yub Iosph @brghsh Borcs. Rubktb bmclrob! ‗ H quc ï, bjolh8 ‗ ^bjhs vcr ”Sj ehjcj, ujb jumecr‚8 Cstc flmjc gc @mbugc Mcmhu`e nbzob ckhrjc su`cssh kh jukgh thgh, c bquo tbjiïj. Nhjhs b pï. Cmc bkgbvb prch`upbgh. H @hjbkgh gc @bìb bhs @hjukostbs jctrbmebrb b `bsb gc Ghj Ecmgcr, kb Olrcfb gbs Nrhktcorbs, c b prðprob Pcgc Brquogoh`csbkb Br quogoh`csbkb gh Fcroquoto, gcstruokgh vogrbìbs, `hj po`ebìócs bjcbìbghrbs bh pbsthr6 ”nhrb iosph vcrjcmeh `hjukostb‚. Cmc jcsjh khtbvb quc h scluobj eâ vârohs gobs. Kuj projcorh jhjckth, rbgo`bm `hjh cu crb, kàh lhstco gh flmjc6 phr quc tbktb ibgbmbìàh8 Cmc jc rcprcckgc6 c b nhthlrbflb8 nhthlrbflb8 C b jöso`b tàh jbr`bktc8 C h bjhr tàh icmh, quc ukou h `bsbm8 Bh sborjhs, `bjokebkgh kb Yub Jbkhcm Ihrib, mâ cstbvb h quc h scluob, jhstrhu-jc, uj ehjcj gc `cr`b gc 71 bkhs, tcrkh gc mokeh iclc, jbm phsth, uj ”sc`rctb phmo`obm‚, `hjh crb nâ`om rc`hkec`cr kbqucmcs tcjphs. @uogbgh, Eckroquc, cu gcvob tcr-mec goth... ”Qrhvb gc bjhr jbohr kàh eâ...‚
Kb sbêgb gh `hrtcfh, Lomgb gc Phuzb birc nboxb6 ”B gotbgurb jbthu h Qbgrc Eckroquc‚. Qhmo`obos b `cr`bj, thjbj gbs subs jàhs. Hutrbs nboxbs sàh bicrtbs, c gc khvh, vohmcktbjcktc brrbk`bgbs. @hjcìbj bs prosócs. Kb Bvckogb Yhsb c Pomvb sàh gostroiuêghs pbkcths6 gckuk`obj h cstbgh phmo`obm. Blcktcs gh GHQP sc okflmtrbj kb jumtogàh. ”Cos quc cu vhs ghu h jcu khvh jbkgbjckth, Bjbo-vhs uks bhs hutrhs, `hjh cu vhs tckeh bjbgh...‚
H ghmhrhsh `bkth ck`ec b Yub Bjïmob...
@S O G B G H, E C K Y O R S C!
02
Cu h `hkec`crb kujb tbrgc gc uj sâibgh, khs projðrgohs gc 2?>>, tokeb 2? bkhs. Crb kcðflth gb FS@, `hkguzogh phr Mêlob Yhibmokeh c Ncrkbkgh Ibrrhs. Kb olrcfokeb gh projcorh bkgbr gh Foroquoto, ck`hktrh Furbkgor Nrcorc, @ïmob, Wcrcsb Wcrcsb @bjpcmh, Qbumh Gbktbs, vârohs hutrhs ukovcrsotârohs. @hkecìh Fbkgorb, `hj qucj vorob b `bsbrjc, vokgb gc Jbkbus6 ”ehfc, tcjhs ujb êkgob cktrc kðs‚, gossc cmc, irok`bkgh. Pub ehjomob nho scjprc rcvhmu`ohkârob, h Cvbklcmeh crb b ck`brkbìàh gh flmeh gc Gcus kb rcgckìàh ghs hprojoghs, ”lcktc, eâ tbjiïj juoth joth kb Iêimob‚, crb ebiotubm quc rcpctossc. ”No`b jbm `hj Gcus, qucj kàh sbic bjbr, fl`b jbm `hjolh qucj kàh sbic gbr‚, h `bkth gc ^bkgrï b`hjpbkebvb qubsc scjprc b Cu`brostob. ”Bjbo-vhs uks bhs hutrhs, `hjh cu vhs tckeh bjbgh...‚
Kb Qhktc gb Whrrc, vârohs mêgcrcs gckuk`obj b pboxàh gh Eckroquc. Nbmbj Jbr`hs Iurmc gc Bluobr c Eujicrth @éjbrb Kcth, cstc, sclurbkgh, `hj uj toquc kcrvhsh, `hkstbktcjcktc, h brh ghs scus ð`umhs ‐ ”jbos uj `rojc gb gotbgurb jomotbr, quc scrob gcrruibgb, pcmb mutb ghs cstugbktcs bh mbgh ghs `bjphkcscs c hpcrârohs‚. Ybpogbjcktc, shjcj hs ghos, hu sàh cs`hkgoghs pcmhs `hmclbs, quc nhrjbvbj b sclurbkìb gb mogcrbkìb cstugbktom. ”Qrhvb gc bjhr jbohr kàh eâ...‚
H `bkth ghêgh `eclb á Yub @hkgc gc Orbfâ. ”Biboxh b gotbgurb‚, bssoj lrothu Eckroquc gh bmth gbs cs`bgbs gb Olrcfb gh Cspêroth Pbkth, kb Qrbìb 2<. Crb h sokbm `hjiokbgh pbrb quc gczckbs cstugbktcs sbêsscj gbs flmbs gc ÷koius, quc `rcs`crbj kbqucmb tbrgc gc birom, pbrb b surprcsb ghs scus ebiotubos pbssb-
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 LS B I YBIB
lcorhs, phssoiomotbkgh h okê`oh gb pbsscbtb prcpbrbtðrob gb jossb gc <¶ gob gb jhrtc gc Cgshk Muês, kh Ycstburbktc gh @bmbihuìh, kh Yoh, cj jbrìh gc 2?>5. Eckroquc scrob h `cmcirbktc gb jossb b scr rcbmozbgb kb Jbtroz gc Pbkth Bkt÷koh. Bpcsbr gb oktcksêssojb rcprcssàh ‐ b phmê`ob bflrjhu quc b pbsscbtb kàh sborob, kðs gosscjhs quc soj, sborob, `hjh kàh! ‐ nhluctcs poph`brbj `hjh uj sokbm pbrb h bfuktbjckth. @hrrcjhs thghs cj gorcìàh á Yub gb @hk`ðrgob, hkgc h pbu `bkthu. Cs`bpco, csprcjckgh-jc kb phrtb gc ujb mhfb, cj iboxh gc ujb jbrquosc, c pugc vcr @mâugoh Guquc scr bpbkebgh phr sub cxtcksb `bicmcorb c motcrbmjcktc fhlbgh cj uj `bjiuràh gh GHQP. ”^ðs scrcos hs jcus bjolhs, sc scluorgcs jcu prc`coth, ”^ðs Bjbo-vhs uks bhs hutrhs `hjh cu vhs tckeh bjbgh...‚
Kh `ruzbjckth gb Yub @hkgc gc Orbfâ `hj b Fhsï Ihkonâ`oh, Ihkonâ`oh, h `hrtcfh ï hirolbgh b pbrbr. B phmê`ob jomotbr, gc ibohkctbs ibohkct bs cj pukeh, cj jbr`eb b`cmcrbgb, sc gorolc `hktrb h cktcrrh. Hs pbgrcs pbrbjcktbghs, lrotbj6 ”scktcj, `bktcj !‚ H `boxàh ï `hmh`bgh kh `eàh. Juoths `hrrcj `hj jcgh, cu, ok`musovc. ^o, kcstc jhjckth, h Qrhncsshr Lbmgokh Mhrcth, gc irbk`h, uj ghs ömtojhs b cstbr `hj h Eckroquc, bktcs gh scu scqucstrh. Fhsïmob Jbrob jc sclurb, brrbkeb h jcu irbìh gorcoth, c goz6 ”vh`æ kàh vbo nulor‚. @roh `hrblcj c fl`h. B phmê`ob `cr`b b jumtogàh c, b scluor, sc bnbstb. B prh`ossàh prhsscluc. Bm`bkìbjhs b Qrbìb gb Whrrc. H sokh gb pcquckb Olrcfb gc Pbktb Muzob, hkgc h sb`crghtc rc`cicrb gc Ghj Ecmgcr hs cstoljbs ghs scus vhths, th`b ujb ibtogb nökcirc. H `boxàh bgcktrb h rc`okth sblrbgh. Juoths `ehrbj. Fukth gc joj, cstbvb h cx-Jokostrh gc Fbklh, Hswbmgh Mojb Nomeh, quc ï sujbrobjcktc prcsh phr blcktcs phmo`obos.
@S O G B G H, E C K Y O R S C!
00
”Qrhvb gc bjhr jbohr kàh eâ...‚
Eckroquc rcvcmbvb prch`upbìàh. Kujb h`bsoàh, ujb sclukgb-ncorb gc birom, cmc jc nbmhu shirc h ”tcstc gb ârvhrc‚, hkgc ï phssêvcm gos`crkor,, kb `robkìb c kh bghmcs`cktc, b sub ogcktofl`bìàh pbrcktbm, gos`crkor pbrcktbm, h gcscfh gc jbtcrkogbgc kb jumecr, b flxbìàh bh shmh, phr rbêzcs, gckhtbkgh jbturogbgc. B`ebvb B`ebvb quc juoths ghs fhvcks quc sc hpukebj á gotbgurb tokebj `crth lrbu gc kcurhsc c gofl`umgbgcs nhrtcs kb rcmbìàh `hj hs pbos. Qbrb cmc, h gcvhtbjckth á `busb ‐ kàh rcstrotb bpckbs á gcrruibgb gb gotbgurb, jbs, b uj prhfcth icj jbos bjio`ohsh, h gc okstburbr h sh`obmosjh kh Irbsom ‐ ojpmo`brob cj mojpogcz csporotubm. Bm`bkìbvb cmc, kb sub purczb, cstc kêvcm gc uthpob. Qrch`upbgh cstbvb `hj bs ”`bssbìócs‚ gc cstugbktcs, quc sc oko`obvbj `ob vbj cj Yc`onc, Yc`onc, `hj ibsc kh BO-3. Kb h`bsoàh, kàh btokco b bjcbìb quc Qcgrh @hrrcob Kcth c hutrhs cstugbktcs rbgo`bos gc gorcotb, cktrc cmcs @brmhs Cstcmotb, tokebj ncoth b joj6 ”`hjukostb sbnbgh, cj phu`hs gobs vh`æ vbo sbicr h quc ï ihj‚. Gc nbth, cj 99 gc birom gc 2?>? ‐ phr orhkob, uj gob g ob bpðs h ncrobgh gc Wor Worbgcktcs bgcktcs ‐ kh hnê`oh 23? gh O^ Cxïr`oth, `hkstbvb h jcu khjc, bh mbgh gc 7> hutrhs gb Jcgo`okb, khjcbghs phr scu @hjbkgbktc, h Lckcrbm Bmnrcgh Phuth Jbmbk6 ”blotbghr `hktujbz c btovostb, gcnckshr gc ujb mokeb vohmcktb gc bìàh gcktrh gh fllurokh gc @uib c gb @eokb @hjukostb...‚ `hjh cu crb ojphrtbktc c kàh sbiob, jcu ihj Eckroquc. ”@hjh h Qbo scjprc jc bjb, bssoj tbjiïj cu vhs bjco, Bjbo-vhs uks bhs hutrhs `hjh cu vhs tckeh bjbgh...‚
Bm`bkìb h cktcrrh b Bvckogb @bxbklâ, `hj bpckbs b postb gb gorcotb, b hutrb cstbvb cj `hkstruìàh. Bmo cstbvb hutrh pcmhtàh gc shmgbghs á khssb csprcotb6 phr quc tbkth rc`coh gc uj cktcrrh `rostàh8
07
 LS B I YBIB
Bvosth Ybkösob Bmvcs B mvcs Yhgrolucs, Qrcsogcktc Qrcsogc ktc gh GB GB gc Ckncrjblcj, quc sc birbìb b jokeb orjà Mckcs, kh Vujio ‐ ghos bkhs gcphos, cmb scrob nuzombgb c qucojbgb kh Yoh gc Fbkcorh, b jbkgh gh Gcmclbgh Pcrloh Nmcury, cj 2?>5 nhrb prcsb kh @hklrcssh gb SKC gc Oioökb, cj Pàh Qbumh. Khvbjcktc, cj phsoìàh gc bjcbìb, hs shmgbghs sc gorolcj `hktrb b jumtogàh, `hj brjbs kbs jàhs. Hs pbgrcs sc scktbj, h `boxàh gc khvh ï `hmh`bgh kh `eàh, huvcj-sc lroths gc jcgh c gc prhtcsth. Qcsshbs gh phvh `ehrbj6 phr quc jbtbrbj uj pbgrc8 Ghj Ecmgcr pcgc `bmjb, juotb `bmjb. B `bvbmbrob `hjcìb b bkgbr, pbrbmcmb á jumtogàh, bjcgrhktbkgh `ok`h jom pcsshbs. ”Bjbo-vhs uks bhs hutrhs `hjh cu vhs tckeh bjbgh...‚
B jossb gc <¶ gob gb jhrtc gh Cgshk Muês kàh h`hrrcu, nb`c á ckhrjc rcprcssàh, jbs h `cktrh gh Yc`onc phu`bs vczcs vorob tbktb blotbìàh. B Bvckogb Lubrbrbpcs cstbvb thjbgb pcmb `bvbmbrob. Lomicrth ^ommbrhu`h ^ommbrhu`h ojblokhu uj cstrb cstrbtblcjb, tblcjb, quc sc thrkbrob ujb khrjb kbs pbsscbtbs cstugbktos6 ihmbs gc lugc crbj fhlbgbs khs pïs ghs `bvbmhs, quc cs`hrrclbvbj shirc cmbs c `bêbj cstrcpothsbjcktc. ^ckgh bqucmcs ckhrjcs bkojbos, bvbkìbkgh `hktrb thghs, b ncror c gcrruibr pcsshbs, prhoiokgh uj bth rcmolohsh, thjco ujb rcshmuìàh6 qubmqucr nhrjb gc gotbgurb ck`hktrbrob ck`hktrbrob scjprc cj joj uj hphkcktc, scjprc. Eckroquc cstbvb bmo. Sj scjokbrostb `hkscluou suior bh `bjpbkâroh gb Jbtroz gc Pbkth Bkt÷koh c th`hu h sokh, b bkuk`obr quc b jossb orob `hjcìbr. Bpbkehu juoth, phos hs shmgbghs tokebj togh ogcob pbrc`ogb, suiokgh bh tcmebgh. Kb `bmìbgb, `cr`b gc 71 cstugbktcs `hjcìbjhs b `bktbr h Eokh Kb`ohkbm, shi oktcks oktcksbb cjhìàh, c nhjhs motcrbmjcktc cjpurrbghs pbrb h rc`okth gb Olrcfb, hkgc sc ck`hktrbvb hutrh lruph gc shmgbghs, quc khs csprcjcu gc vhmtb, kb ibsc gc vohmcktbs pbk`bgbs `hj hs `bssctctcs ”tbjbkeh-nbjêmob‚.
@S O G B G H, E C K Y O R S C!
03
Kb `hknusàh, h bmtbr nho qucirbgh, h quc mcvbrob Ghj Ecmgcr b gozcr, cj jbk`ectc gc fhrkbm gh gob scluoktc6 ”b jbohr hncksb kàh nho á @bsb gc Gcus, jbs bhs `hrphs ghs fhvcks, quc sàh h tcjpmh vovh gh Cspêroth Pbkth‚. Cu c Fbkgorb `hkscluojhs sbor, `hrrckgh. Nhjhs pcrscluoghs phr uj sbrlckth, quc `brrclbvb ujb jctrbmebghrb, lrotbkgh, `hjh mhu`h6 ”pbrcj, pbrcj, `hjukostbs!‚ Cktrbjhs kuj ibr, cj rub prðxojb bh Goâroh, scktbjh-khs træjumhs, pcgojhs rbpogbjcktc ujb `h`b. Rubsc kh jcsjh okstbktc, okstb ktc, pckctrb tbjiïj h sbrlckth c lrotb, cspujbkgh gc rbovb6 ”`bgæ hs ghos `hjukostbs quc bquo `eclbrbj8‚ Whghs hs prcscktcs fl`brbj `bmbghs, kuj icmh lcsth gc shmogbrocgbgc. ”Qcrjbkc`co cj jcu bjhr c scluo jcu Jbkgbjckth, Bjbo-vhs uks bhs hutrhs `hjh cu vhs tckeh bjbgh...‚
H `bkth c`hb kb Bvckogb @bxbklâ. Qrhsscluc h cktcrrh c rcssurlc b `bvbmbrob, `hj shmgbghs brjbghs, prhkths prhk ths á blrcssàh. Jcsjh quc kàh quosïsscjhs, têkebjhs jcgh6 phr quc cstb bjcbìb b uj cktcrrh gc uj sb`crghtc8 Ghj Ecmgcr cstbvb trostc, crb uj ehjcj ncrogh c eujomebgh6 Eckroquc nho sub jbos êktojb molbìàh `hj hs fhvcks. Yc`ushu uj lubrgb-`euvb, quc bmluïj b cmc hncrc`cu, c h shm crb shm gc jcoh gob b cstb bmturb, fâ prðxojh h `cjotïroh gb ^ârzcb. ”Kosth thghs sbicràh quc vðs shos hs jcus gos`êpumhs, Bjbo-vhs uks bhs hutrhs, `hjh cu vhs tckeh bjbgh...‚
C kb thjbgb sojiðmo`b gb @btðmo`b8 Rubsc kàh pugc cktrbr kh ojcksh pâtoh ukovcrsotâroh, okukgbgh gc cstugbktcs, `hj hrbghrcs quc sc su`cgobj kb gckök`ob ghs `rojcs gb gotbgurb, g otbgurb, h scu, shircshirctugh, Eckroquc. Ebvob ibrro`bgbs kh scu ckthrkh, thgb b SKO@BQ
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 LS B I YBIB
cstbvb `cr`bgb gc shmgbghs c blcktcs gh GHQP, quc, b qubmqucr jhjckth, orobj okvbgo-mb, okvbgo-mb, `hj h ros`h gc ujb `brkofl`okb. @eclb Ghj Ecmgcr. ^ocrb fl`br cj volêmob `hj b lcktc. Kðs h rc`cicjhs `hj ujb ojcksb bmclrob ‐ sub prcsckìb ebvcrob ebvcrob gc `hoior b vohmæk`ob, prcstcs b orrhjpcr. ^h`æ `crtbjcktc cstbvb `hkhs`h. C h Ghj pcrjbkc`cu b khotc oktcorb, c khs torhu ok`ðmujcs, gbmo, cj lruphs gc gcz... ”Qrhvb gc bjhr jbohr kàh eâ...‚
Kh pcr`ursh gb Yub Lckcrbm Qhmoghrh, hkgc h GHQP nbrob ujb ck`ckbìàh gh bssbssokbth gc Fhsï @brmhs gb Jbtb Jb`ebgh, phu`h tcjph gcphos, b QJ b`hjpbkebvb b`hjp bkebvb h nïrctrh. nïrctrh. Ck`hktrbjhs prðxojbs bh `cjotïroh oköjcrbs vobturbs jomotbrcs, cj btotugc gcsrcspcothsb b uj cktcrrh gc uj sb`crghtc. Ebvob juotb rbovb cj kðs thghs, h Yhicrth Luojbràcs, Luojbràcs, bh jcu mbgh, `hjckthu6 ”cstc `rojc tcrâ b jcsjb rcpcr`ussàh quc h gc Gcjð`roth, kb gotbgurb ^brlbs‚ ‐ `hjh cstbvb cklbkbgh h jcu bjolh @btbtbu, cstb, jbm oko`obrb h scu rbstrh gc sbkluc... ”C `eclbkgh b jokeb Qâs`hb, vhs bjco btï h flj, Bjbo-vhs uks bhs hutrhs `hjh cu vhs tckeh bjbgh...‚
H `hrtcfh `hkscluc, ckflj, `eclbr bh gcstokh, hkgc h `boxàh pckctrb `hj gofl`umgbgc. H bth cj so nho râpogh, râpogh, Ghj Ecmgcr tcjob jbos vohmæk`ob. Worhu h mckìh irbk`h gh ihmsh gb ibtokb, sbughu b thghs, c `hj mâlrojbs khs hmehs, nbmhu6 ”H khssh orjàh Eckroquc rcphusb cj pbz. Pbobj `hj prugæk`ob, fukths, cj lruph gc `ok`h, kàh b`cotcj kckeujb prhvh`bìàh‚. C bpðs h Qbo Khssh, juoths `ehrbkgh, `hjcìbjhs b sbor gh rc`ok rc`okth. th. Pcrobj gubs ehrbs gb tbrgc, têkebjhs pcr`hrrogh b pï `cr`b gc 21 dj.
@S O G B G H, E C K Y O R S C!
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Mhlh bgobktc, prðxojh bh prïgoh-csqucmcth gh Ehspotbm gbs @mêko`bs, vo cj uj buthjðvcm, h mcjirctc6 Irbsom bjc-h hu gcoxc-h. Bqucmb qubrtb-ncorb, 95 gc jboh gc 2?>?, `crtbjcktc jc b`hjpbkebrob pcmh rcsth gb vogb.
Jossb gc sïtojh gob
Bokgb prhnukgbjcktc `eh`bghs c trostcs `hj h bssbssokbth tcrrhrostb gh Qbgrc Bkt÷koh Eckroquc, nhjhs á jossb jbr`bgb, phr gcscfh cspc`obm gc Ghj Ecmgcr, kb jcsjb olrcfb gh Cspokecorh, hkgc sc rcbmozbrb bs subs cxïquobs, sojihmo`bjcktc cj uj ghs iborrhs jbos ro`hs c cmclbktcs gh Yc`onc, pbrb quc sc flrjbssc flrj bssc b hpìàh `mbrb `mb rb gb Olrcfb gc Hmokgb c Yc`onc pcmhs jbos phircs, bhs hmehs gb iurlucsob pcrkbjiu`bkb. @hjh cspcrbgh, jhjckths icj bktcs gb gbtb jbr`bgb pbrb b `croj÷kob, cstbvb b Olrcfb gh Cspokecorh `or`ukgbgb phr gubs flmcorbs gc shmgbghs gb Qhmê`ob Jomotbr, nhrtcjcktc brjbghs, cj lrbvc gcsrcspcoth b uj tcjpmh rcmolohsh. C phr ossh jcsjh, kh scktogh gc cvotbr prosócs, `eclbjhs á olrcfb gubs ehrbs bktcs,, `hj jossb prcvostb pbrb bs 2?e01j. bktcs Qhr vhmtb gbs 2? ehrbs, gb `bmìbgb gh tcjpmh, vo b fllurb gïiom c lrbkgohsb gh Ghj pcgokgh pbssblcj bhs shmgbghs, pbrb quc pcrjotosscj b sub cktrbgb, quc mec crb hstcksovbjcktc gofl`umtbgb. B sub ehjomob, shi h `bkth pcrjbkcktc gc ”Qrhvb gc bjhr jbohr kàh eâ‚, mhtbgh h rc`okth, shirctugh phr cstugbktcs gc csqucrgb, nho prhnukgbjcktc th`bktc, jbs bmclrc, `hkflbktc, `hrbfhsb, bflrjbkgh `btclhro`bjcktc quc b mutb gh sb`crghtc orob `hktokubr, `bgb vcz jbos nhrtc, kb hpìàh prcncrck`obm pcmhs cx`muêghs. @hjh mec crb `brb`tcrêsto`h, pcgou quc sbêsscjhs gh rc`okth cj lruphs gc `ok`h, pbrb `hoior prosócs, c quc kàh b`cotâsscjhs kckeujb prhvh`bìàh ghs blcktcs gb gotbgurb.
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 LS B I YBIB
Gobs bktcs gcssb jossb, phr prosàh c bìhotc gc uj cstugbktc gc Lchmhlob, gctogh kh cktcrrh gh sb`crghtc phr cklbkh, phos kàh sc ckvhmvob cj phmêto`b, hs bmukhs gcssb Cs`hmb pbrbvbj ÷koius cj pmckb Yub Ghj Ihs`h, gckuk`obkgh b vohmæk`ob c nbzckgh gos`urshs kh oktcrohr ghs vcê`umhs `hktrb b gotbgurb, hitckgh b shmturb gh `hmclb phu`h gcphos, cj icmh lcsth gb shmogbrocgbgc, quc scjprc nho ujb `brb`tcrêsto`b gb khssb lcrbìàh. C, ghos jcscs gcphos, cj uj ghs ck`hktrhs quc jbktokeb `hj h Qrhncsshr Yuo Bktukcs, prcpbrbkgh b jokeb gcncsb, kb sclukgb mcvb gc b`usbìócs ncotbs b joj, phr ck`hktrbr-jc ok`ursh kh Gc`rcth 7<<, gc jhgh oknhrjbm jc gossc6 ”Phuic h quc h Fuoz gh Qrh`cssh gh Qbgrc Eckroquc jc nbmhu8‚, ”B hrgcj pbrb jbtâ-mh vcoh gh O^ Cxïr`oth, gorologb bh GHQP‚. ”C h quc ncz cmc, Qrhncsshr8‚, ”Juoth bssustbgh c tcjcrhsh, trbksncrou h Qrh`cssh pbrb b Fustoìb Ncgcrbm. @hk`muou phr trbtbr-sc gc `rojc phmêto`h‚
Muromgh
Qbgrc Eckroquc
IHI DCKKCG_ CJ YC@ONC C B MSWB KBP YSBP @HKWYB @HKWYB B LSCYYB GH ^OCWKÀ
Cj 2?>>, cj `bjpbkeb á Qrcsogæk`ob ghs Cstbghs Skoghs c prhjhvckgh b ”Bmobkìb pbrb h Qrhlrcssh‚, gh scu orjàh bssbssokbgh, vcoh bh Yc`onc h cktàh Pckbghr Yhicrt Dckkcgy. Whgb b csqucrgb cstugbktom kbqucmcs bkhs gotbthrobos, quc sbiêbjhs prhjhvoghs prhjhvoghs pcmhs CSB, crb `hktrb b tbm ”Bmobkìb‚ ‐ kb vcrgbgc, ujb oklcræk`ob khrtc-bjcro`bkb cj thgb b Bjïro`b Mbtokb, `hjh tbktbs hutrbs ‐ jhiomozbkgh-sc pbrb bmlujb jbkoncstbìàh `hktrb b vosotb. H cs`rothr Lomicrth Nrcyrc, quc bphohu h lhmpc jomotbr gcsgc h projcorh jhjckth, ok`musovc sckgh h `bkgogbth prcncrogh gc @bstcmh Irbk`h b Jokostrh gb Cgu`bìàh c @umturb gh projcorh lhvcrkh usurpbghr gh phgcr rcpuimo`bkh, nho cs`hmeogh `hjh @hhrgckbghr gc gcibtc gh Pckbghr `hj cstugbktcs ukovcrsotârohs kb Nb`umgbgc gc Nomhshflb gh Yc`onc (NBNOYC), pcmh @hksumbgh Bjcro`bkh cj Yc`onc. Pcrob ujb hphrtukogbgc gc hurh pbrb thghs kðs. Jbs, gc jhgh jbtrcorh, h cs`rothr, tckgh hs `hkvotcs cj jàhs, cs`hmecu b gcgh hs quc `hjphrobj b pmbtcob pbrb cssc gcibtc, kbturbmjcktc cstu-
79
 LS B I YBIB
gbktcs gb `hkec`ogêssojb gorcotb pcrkbjiu`bkb, gc jhgh bmluj pcrjotokgh quc Gorctðrohs B`bgæjo`hs jbos blucrroghs tovcsscj b`cssh bh `hkvotc. Fhsï @brmhs Jhrcorb, cktàh Qrcsogcktc gh GB gc Jcgo`okb gb SNQC, gcstcjogh c vbmcktc, jcjirh gb FS@, kàh sc sbic `hjh, tbmvcz t bmvcz `hj bfugb gh scu toh Ncrkbkgh @bstcmàh, `hkscluou uj gcsscs rbrhs `hkvotcs, jbkgbkgh ojprojor oköjcrhs cxcjpmbrcs cxtrcjbjcktc sojombrcs, quc gostroiuou b lrbkcm `hkhs`h, hs quc bphoâvbjhs b mutb. Kh gob `crth, pbrb orb gh nbjhsh cs`rothr, cstbvb b NBNOYC okukgbgb gb csqucrgb cstugbktom pcrkbjiu`bkb. Kb pmbtcob, gostroiuokgh-sc cj phkths cstrbtïlo`hs, vârohs blcktcs gh GHQP jbm gosnbrìbghs, gosnbrìbgh s, c kh mbgh cxtcrohr gh prïgoh, vcê`umhs phmo`obos `eclbvbj bhs phu`hs. @hjpukebj b jcsb, bmïj gh cs`rothr, buthrogbgcs cstbgubos c mogcrbkìbs cstugbktos gc gorcotb, cktrc cmbs bmukhs gbs @oæk`obs Jïgo`bs c gb Nb`umgbgc gc Gorcoth gh Yc`onc. Bs pbmbvrbs oko`obos gc Lomicrth Nrcyrc nhrbj rc`ciogbs `hj lrbkgc vbob, c b `bgb `hmh`bìàh sub, huvobj-sc lroths gc ”rcbìb‚, ”puxb-sb`h‚, ”cktrcluostb‚, pbrc`ob quc b `hosb sc ck`bjokebvb pbrb ujb lrbkgc iblukìb. Jbs, h Pckbghr, pcr`cickgh quc b bugoæk`ob mec crb cj sub jbohrob ehstom, `hjh hrbghr iromebktc, `hjcìhu b tcr `crth ghjêkoh c b nbmbr gc vbmhrcs rcpuimo`bkhs ‐ cmcoìócs movrcs, `hjibtc á phirczb c á josïrob, b suprcjb`ob gb moicrgbgc ‐ quc obj bhs phu`hs bjhrtc`ckgh b ehstomogbgc pbtcktc. B juotbs pcrluktbs quc mec crbj gorologbs, bmlujbs `cksurbgbs pcmh @hhrgckbghr juoth ebiomoghsh, rcsphkgob `hj gopmhjb`ob, gcoxbkgh cktrcvcr sub hphsoìàh á oktcrrupìàh gh prh`cssh gcjh`râto`h kh Irbsom c b sub `rckìb kb suprcjb`ob gc uj @hklrcssh @hkl rcssh movrc c shicrbkh. Qukeb scjprc scjp rc `hjh bmvossbrcorb pbrb b Bjïro`b Mbtokb, b ”Bmobkìb pbrb h Qrhlrcssh‚, bh quc sc hpukebj, `hj vccjæk`ob, khssbs mogcrbkìbs ghs GBs c gh Gorctðroh @cktrbm ghs Cstugbktcs. Wotuicbvb uj phu`h `hj pcrluktbs cspc`ofl`bjcktc nhrjumbgbs shirc b lucrrb gh ^octkà c b
I HI D C K K C G _
CJ Y C@ONC
70
gotbgurb irbsomcorb, quc bokgb crb gosnbrìbgb, `hj rcprcssàh jckhs oktcksb, oktcks b, jbktckgh uj @hklrcssh scjo-`bstrbgh, scjo-`bstrbgh, jbs, bokgb `bpbz gc pcrjotor cmcoìócs rcmbtovbjcktc movrcs, bh phkth gc scr cmcoth Lhvcrkbghr gc hphsoìàh kb Lubkbibrb. ^crgbgc ï quc, ghos bkhs bpðs b c`mhsàh gh lhmpc, bokgb ïrbjhs kcðflths kb mutb `hktrb hs jomotbrcs. Jbs, sbiêbjhs gb rcmcvék`ob gh Qrcsogcktc Dckkcgy kb oktcrvckìàh kh ^octkà, uj phirc pbês bsoâto`h, nukgbjcktbmjcktc gc `bjphkcscs, phrïj cstrbtïlo`h kb lucrrb nrob `hktrb b SYPP. Nho gonê`om bh orjàh sckbghr tcktbr ujb ”cxpmo`bìàh‚ kb okthmcrbktc oklcræk`ob ghs CSB kh sugcstc bsoâto`h. Wêkebjhs `hkec`ogh h movrh gh iromebktc jbtcjâto`h c flmðshnh oklmæs, Icrtrbkg Yusscm, ”@rojcs gc Lucrrb kh ^octkà‚, cmc `robrb, ok`musovc, Wroiukbm Oktcrkb`ohkbm Oktcrkb`ohk bm `hktrb b Lucrrb, hkgc hs CSB `hj nrcquæk`ob crbj `hkgckbghs. Jbs, kh flkbm gb pbmcstrb, h sckbghr sc sbou icj c rc`cicu bpmbushs. Ruos gcoxbr b jbr`b gc uj gcjh`rbtb prch`upbgh prch`upbgh `hj b phirczb sc`umbr gb Bjïro`b Mbtokb(8) Kbqucmc jcsjh bkh, oko`objhs jbkoncstbìó jbkoncstbìócs cs gc rub `hktrb bqucmb lucrrb sufb c gcsujbkb, bphobkgh hs voct`hkls, `hrbfhshs lucrromecorhs, quc `hkscluorbj bkhs gcphos b gcrrh`bgb vcrlhkehsb ghs oktcrvckthrcs khrtc-bjcro`bkhs, gcstb nhrjb, phr ujb kbìàh `hjphstb cj sub lrbkgc jbohrob gc phircs `bjphkcscs. Icmêssojb c okcsquc`êvcm votðrob. Josturâvbjhs tbos jbkoncstbìócs `hj b sotubìàh grbjâto`b gh Ehspotbm gbs @mêko`bs Qcgrh OO, c lrotâvbjhs ”jbos ehspotbos, jckhs `bkeócs‚, quc orrotbv orrotbvbj, bj, shircjbkcorb, hs blcktcs gh GHQP. @hrrêbjhs juoth, scjprc kh `hktrbuxh ghs vcê`umhs, gofl`umtbkgh b `or`umbìàh ghs jomo`hs. Kujb gcssbs jbkoncstbìócs, vokghs gb bmturb gh bktolh @okcjb Wrobkhk cj gorcìàh á Bvckogb @hkgc gb Ihb ^ostb, ck`hktrbjhs h `brrh gh `hksumbgh bjcro`bkh, `hkguzokgh h @÷ksum Ghkhr Myhk c b sub csphsb, c `cr`bjhs h vcê`umh, tcktbkgh qucirbr hs vogrhs gh `brrh, cj pmckb Qhktc Gubrtc @hcmeh. Cu jc bnbstco uj phu`h, c ghs hmehs gbqucmb sckehrb, bpbvhrbgb, sckto pckb, c bpcmco b quc kàh flzïsscjhs
77
 LS B I YBIB
bquomh. B lrotbrob crb juoth nhrtc nhrtc `hktrb hs obkqucs. Rubsc bh jcsjh tcjph, `eclbrbj vobturbs phmo`obos, quc khs `cr`brbj, h `brrh bjcro`bkh ok`musovc, c kb `hknusàh lcrbgb, cj quc b prhtcìàh bhs gopmhjbtbs tokeb jbohr rcmcvék`ob, cs`bpbjhs, b `hrrcr cj gospbrbgb. Ï juoth prhvâvcm quc phr cssb jbkoncstbìàh c b pcmb mogcrbkìb gc oköjcrbs pbsscbtbs `hktrb b gotbgurb, Vï @brmhs Jhrcorb, bh scr prcsh cj ujb gcmbs, fl`brob gctogh phr jbos gc troktb gobs kh qubrtcm gb Qhmê`ob Jomotbr, kh Gcriy, rcsphkgckgh b Qrh`cssh @rojokbm kb Pïtojb Ycloàh Jomotbr, quc nuk`ohkbvb, cktàh, cj prïgoh vozokeh bh gb Cs`hmb gc Brquotcturb gb SNQC. Nho shmth `hj b gcncsb iromebktc gc Jïr`ob Bmiuqucrquc, quc sc gcstb`bvb, phu`h b phu`h, `hjh bgvhlbgb gc prcshs phmêto`hs, c sc gcstb`brob g cstb`brob bokgb jbos, kh okê`oh ghs bkhs <1, kh Qrh`cssh Jbtb Jb`ebgh. Phmth Vï @brmhs, b Icte @brvbmeh, `bkthrb bokgb phu`h `hkec`ogb cktrc kðs, `hj nhrtc molbìàh `hj h Qbrtogàh, khs irokgbrob `hj sehw quc ncz lrbtuotbjcktc kb NBNOYC, `hj lrbkgc `hjpbrc`ojckth. Kbqucmc bkh gc 2?>>, 2 ?>>, Ghj Ecmgcr @éjbrb `hjpbrc`cu `hjpbrc`cu á rc`cpìàh á Ybokeb Cmozbicte OO, kh @bjph gbs Qrok`csbs, scj hs pbrbjckths gc Br`ciosph, `hj ujb sojpmcs ibtokb iclc, quc usbvb kh gob b gob, c osth `bushu lrbkgc cs`ékgbmh kb iurlucsob pcrkbjiu`bkb. H lrbkgc pbsthr gcoxbvb `mbrh, sojihmo`bjcktc, quc b Olrcfb @btðmo`b, shi sub hrocktbìàh, thjbrob khvh rujh, okgh gc ck`hktrh bhs phircs c joscrâvcos, tàh biukgbktcs cktrc kðs, `hjh h sàh bokgb ehfc. @rosth vhmtbvb pbrb hs scus prcncroghs.
H YCMBWÐYOH JCOYB JBWHP
Khs projðrgohs gb rcsost rcsostæk`ob æk`ob cstugbktom â gotbgurb, bokgb prcjbturhs, khs govogêbjhs cj vârobs hrlbkozbìócs pbrtogârobs, `hj `crtb gcsukoàh, h quc `hkstotuo ujb `brb`tcrêsto`b soklumbr gb csqucrgb irbsomcorb, irbsom corb, ibstbkgh `otbr quc, bokgb ehfc, cxostcj træs pbrtoghs `hjukostbs kh Irbsom, h Qc`ciàh, h Q@ gh I c h Q@Y. Osth `hkstotuêb cj 2?>>‐2?>< uj lrbvc crrh, phos, gc `crtb nhrjb, jokbvb b nhrìb quc phgcrêbjhs tcr cj mutb tàh gcsolubm, `hktr `hktrbb uj okojolh shircjbkcorb nhrtc. Jbs, uj nbth quc ukou thgb b csqucrgb, gc `rostàhs b trhtsdostbs, nho h nbjhsh ”Ycmbtðroh Jcorb Jbths‚, prhguzogh phr @hrhkcm gh Cxïr`oth, Cxïr `oth, gc jcsjh khjc, bsscsshr gh cktàh Jokostrh gc Cgu`bìàh c @umturb, phr oktcrcssc cspc`obm gb phmêto`b ojpcrobmostb ghs CSB, btrbvïs gb SPBOG c gh NJO. Gc uj jhgh soktïto`h, cssc jbmnbgbgh rcmbtðroh prhpukeb b provbtozbìàh gbs Skovcrsogbgcs Qöimo`bs c ghs scus ehspotbos, h quc scjprc `hkstotuou uj gcscfh cspc`obm khrtc-bjcro`bkh, phr rbzócs têpo`bs gh jcr`bgh `bpotbmostb. Á jc-
7>
 LS B I YBIB
gogb quc sc thrkhu `mbrh h gcscfh gb gotbgurb cj scluor cssc rcmbtðroh, gcsck`bgchu-sc cj thgh h pbês nhrtc rcsostæk`ob rcsostæk`ob cstugbktom c gh`cktc, btrbvïs gc pbsscbtbs gc lrbkgc bgcsàh, shirctugh cj Pàh Qbumh, Yoh c kh Yc`onc. Kb jbrrb, shi oktcksb rcprcssàh phmo`obm, `hj oköjcrbs prosócs, `hkscluojhs jcscs gcphos gctcr h bvbkìh gcssb jcgogb cktrcluostb c bktopbtroðto`b. Eâ `cr`b gc uks sctc bkhs, pbrb jokeb surprcsb, mo brtolh kb Nhmeb gc P. Qbumh, gc buthrob gh ehfc Lckcrbm Jcorb Jbths, quc fâ ojblokbvb jujofl`bgh, cmhlobkgh gc jhgh rbslbgh b tcktbtovb gh Lhvcrkh Ncrkbkgh Eckroquc @brghsh cj `robr bs `ebjbgbs ”Qbr`crobs Qöimo`h-Qrovbgbs‚, Qöimo`hQrovbgbs‚, kb ”lcstàh‚ ‐ pbmbvrb bjbgb c rcvcrck`obg rcvcrck`obgbb pcmb gorcotb kchmoicrbm, `hkstotuokgh qubsc ujb hncksb bh scr eujbkh, phos kokluïj kbs`cu pbrb scr lcrck`obgh ‐ gh Pcrvoìh Qöimo`h, khtbgbjcktc gbs Skovcrsogbgcs c ghs scus ehspotbos ukovcrsotârohs. Kb `bjpbkeb gc Mumb á Qrcsogæk`ob gb Ycpöimo`b, cj 9119, crb `hkgoìàh nc`ebgb gh Qbrtogh ghs Wrbibmebghrcs kàh b`cotbr, shi kckeujb eopðtcsc, b `robìàh gbs `ebjbgbs QQQs. Jbs, gc jhgh trboìhcorh, `hktrbrobkgh h prhlrbjb pbrtogâroh gc vârohs pbrtoghs, khtbgbjcktc gh QW c gh QPI, jcgrhu cj vârohs Cstbghs gh pbês, khtbgbjcktc cj Pàh Qbumh c cj Qcrkbjiu`h ‐ bmo shi b hrocktbìàh gh QPGI, gc gorcotb, c bquo, shi b ïlogc gh Lhvcrkh Cgubrgh @bjphs, gh QPI, phrtbkth, gc ”csqucrgb‚, sc bssoj phgcjhs `ebjâ-mh ‐ prcfugo`bkgh, gc jhgh cspc`obm, h btckgojck btckgojckth th jïgo`h ghs jbos `brcktcs c b moicrgbgc gb gh`æk`ob supcrohr, tugh phr oktcrcssc gh jcr`bgh `bpotbmostb, quc sð pcksb kh mu`rh. C hnckgckgh b @hkstotuoìàh @ogbgà, hroukgb gb mutb bktogotbgurb c ghs khsshs jârtorcs. Blhrb, gc jhgh surprcckgcktc, kh bpblbr gbs muzcs gh sclukgh lhvcrkh Mumb, ï bssokbgb kh gob 02 gc gczcjirh gc 9121, á tbrgc, jcgogb prhvosðrob prcsogck`obm, provbtozbkgh hs ehspotbos ukovcrsotârohs, `robkgh, phrtbkth, lcræk`obs cxtrbukovcrsotârobs, shi h oktcrcssc gh jcr`bgh `bpotbmostb, kb bgjokostrbìàh gcsscs ehspotbos. Gc jhgh qubsc `rucm, kb `bmbgb gb khotc, kujb cspï`oc gc ujb
H YC M B W Ð Y O H J COYB J BWHP
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75
 LS B I YBIB
GC @HJH NOLSYBP QHMÊWO@BP QHM ÊWO@BP QYHCJOKCKWCP YC@CICJ JCKPBLCJ GC GHJ ECMGCY @ÉJBYB
Cj 2?>5, b jhrtc gh cstugbktc sc`ukgbrostb Cgshk Muês gc Mojb Phuth, cj 95 gc jbrìh, `hkstotuou-sc cj jbr`h govoshr, govoshr, b pbrtor gh qubm b gotbgurb gc >7 sc thrkbrob jbos gurb c b rcsostæk`ob rcsostæk`ob cstugbktom jbos oktcksb. B rcprcssàh ás jossbs gc sïtojh gob, cj qubtrh gc birom, h`hrrogb kh Yoh gc Fbkcor Fbkcorh, h, Yc`onc c Lhoékob btoklou h `hrbìàh gh `mcrh `btðmo`h, quc, `hj rbrbs cx`cìócs, `hjh bs gc Ghj Ecmgcr @éjbrb, Ghj Bkt÷koh Nrblhsh, cj @rbtcös, @cbrâ c Ghj ^bmgyr @bmecorhs, @bmecor hs, kh Cstbgh gh Yoh, sc jbktokeb bmecoh bh quc h`hrrob kbs `bpotbos gc thgh h pbês. @hktrbrobvb bs gctcrjokbìócs gh @hk`êmoh ^bto`bkh OO c gh prðproh Qbpb ”hpcrâroh‚ Qbumh ^O. Kh `rcs`ckgh ghs prhtcsths, quc sc gosscjokbrbj, b ckvhmvcr oktcmc`tubos, `hjh Wrostàh gc Btebêgc, brtostbs, prhflssohkbos moicrbos, cs`rothrcs, `hjh Bkthkoh @bmmbgh c @brmhs Grujjhkg gc Bkgrbgc, c prhncsshrcs ukovcrsotârohs, bs pbsscbtbs sc thrkbrbj jbos nrcqucktcs, jbos ruoghsbs c jbos rcprojogbs. H phgcr jomotbr bokgb lubrgbvb `crth pughr c uj pcquckh rcsquê`oh gc gcjh`rb`ob
31
 LS B I YBIB
sc jbktokeb gc pï kh @hklrcssh Kb`ohkbm jutombgh c cj fhrkbos, `hjh H @hrrcoh gb Jbkeà, gh Yoh, quc mhlh gcphos scrob nhrìbgh b nc`ebr. B prosàh eujomebktc ojphstb b cstugbktcs gb SNYF, kh `bjph gh Ihtbnhlh, jhstrbgb cj fhrkbos, cj bth trboìhcorh gh scu Ycothr quc prhjctcrb moicrâ-mhs, bpðs jbkoncstbìàh kh oktcrohr gb Ycothrob bujckthu b okgolkbìàh gb Kbìàh. Nhrbj, cktàh, pcrjotogbs lrbkgcs jbkoncstbìócs jbkoncstbìó cs gc rub, bflkbm, b nrbsc ”phgcrob scr uj flmeh scu‚, rcncrogb bh cstugbktc bssbssokbgh kh @bmbihuìh, `hj 2< bkhs, th`hu b scksoiomogbgc gb `mbssc jïgob. Pcrob uj jhjckth okcsquc`êvcm gcssb ctbpb gb mutb, b ”Qbsscbtb ghs @cj Jom‚, kb Lubkbibrb, cj 9> gc fukeh, hkgc sc gcstb`brbj @eo`h Iubrquc, Cgu Mhih, Khrjb Icklucmm, Hgctc Mbrb, @mbro`c Mospc`thr, W÷kob @brrcrh, Qbumh Butrbk, cktrc tbkths. Hs mêgcrcs cstugbktos, gc jbohr gcstbquc, crbj Fhsï Wrbvbsshs Wrbvbsshs c Fhsï Gor`cu, gc Pàh Qbumh c ^mbgojor ^mbg ojor Qbmjcorb, gb Lubkbibrb, hs ghos ömtojhs `hj clhs ojckshs, c phr ossh, fbjbos sc cktckgcrbj. Qhu`h sc nbmb shirc b lrbkgc pbsscbtb ebvogb cj Yc`onc, `hj b prcsckìb gc 91 jom pcsshbs, kbs Bvckogbs @hkgc gb Ihb ^ostb c Lubrbrbpcs. @hj lrbkgc bmclrob, trbibmebjhs oktcksbjcktc pcmh scu su`cssh, nbzckgh `brtbzcs c nboxbs cj thghs hs Gorctðrohs B`bgæjo`hs. Kb FS@, nho `hjiokbgb b pbkctblcj gc olrcfbs kbs jossbs ghs ghjoklhs, quc prc`cgcrbj bh bth6 Ghj Ecmgcr @éjbrb rcshmvcu gbr oktclrbm bphoh c cs`rcvcu jcksblcj, cj khjc gb Brquogoh`csc, quc trbksnhrjbjhs cj pbkcths, cxpmo`otbkgh cssc lcsth tàh khirc ‐ eâ bkhs prh`urh uj cxcjpmbr6 kbqucmcs tcjphs gonê`cos, ïrbjhs hirolbghs b gcstruor oköjcrhs gh`ujckths, qubkgh gbs hkgbs rcprcssovbs, quc tcrobj, ehfc, lrbkgc vbmhr eostðro`h. Kh ghjoklh, quc prc`cgcu h gob gb jbkoncstbìàh, sbê gc `bsb juoth `cgh c jc gorolo á @bpcmb gc Nâtojb, kh @hmïloh Kðirclb. Ycsogob bmo h jcu `hktcrrékch, Qbumh ‐ Nrbk`os`h gc Qbumb Nbm`àh c
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G H J E C M G C Y @ ÉJBYB
32
@bstrh ‐ gcphos jcu `ukebgh, quc pbrto`ophu gh csqucjb gc ukoàh ghs nrbgcs ghjoko`bkhs á Bmobkìb Moicrtbghrb Kb`ohkbm, gc @brmhs Jbrolecmmb, cj Pàh Qbumh c kh cxtrcjh sum gh pbês. Qrc`osbvb gc bmluïj quc jc buxomobssc c cmc jc okgo`hu h scu orjàh, Bmuêsoh, quc jhrbvb `hksolh c quc prhktbjcktc b`cothu. H `cmcirbktc gb jossb gbs hoth ehrbs nho h Qbgrc Jburo`c Qbrbkt, quc vcoh gb Nrbkìb, btrbêgh phr Ghj Ecmgcr, sckgh h `robghr c rcsphksâvcm pcmh trbibmeh pbsthrbm `hj prhstotutbs c ghjïsto`bs. Gc phsoìàh csqucrgostb, h sb`crghtc khs buthrozhu b gostroiuor hs pbkcths, h quc flzcjhs `hj rcmbtovb rbpogcz6 ebvob scjprc h pcrolh gc bmluj blcktc gh GHQP ck`hktrbr-sc cj qubmqucr rc`okth, ok`musovc cj jossbs, kh oktcrohr gc olrcfbs. Yc`hrgh-jc, Yc`hrgh-jc, pbrto`umbrjcktc, gb lrbkgc bksocgbgc gc uj hutrh scjokbrostb, h @eo`h, b nujbr oktcksbjcktc, sbjckt c, quc khs b`hjpbkehu gh `hrh, bsshjirbgh. bsshjirbgh. H rcmolohsh khs okgo`hu, cj scluogb, b Olrcfb gc Khssb Pckehrb, kh Qâtoh gh Wcrìh, hkgc ebvcrob jossb ás gcz ehrbs gb jbkeà. Bh bm`bkìbrjhs h mh`bm, khtbjhs b prcsckìb gc pcquckh `hktoklcktc gc shmgbghs, b prhtclcr buthrogbgcs quc `eclbvbj. Kàh nho gonê`om gcs`hiror quc, kbqucmc gob, h`hrrcrob h `bsbjckth gc ujb lràflkb, sckgh ujb gbs tcstcjukebs, Komh @hcmeh, eâ phu`h ”cmcoth‚ Lhvcrkbghr gh Cstbgh pcmb BYCKB, gcphos gc b`orrbgb irolb `hj h Lckcrbm Bkt÷koh @brmhs Juro`y, @hjbkgbktc gb Pïtojb Ycloàh Jomotbr,, cj quc Jomotbr q uc ehuvc mbk`cs eujhrêsto`hs, gcs`roths phr Qbumh @bvbm`bkto, kh scu movrh ”H `bsh cu `hkth `hjh h `bsh nho‚. H quc nbzcr8 Pc tcktâsscjhs gostroiuor hs pbkcths, scrêbjhs prcshs, `crtbjcktc. Á cspcrb gh Lhvcrkbghr, kh pcquckh âtroh gb Olrcfb, cstbvbj h Pc`rctâroh gc Lhvcrkh, Jbr`h Jb`ocm, h Ycothr gb SNQC, Juromh Luojbràcs, c h `÷ksum khrtc-bjcro`bkh Ghkhr Myhk, quc `hkvcrsbvbj. Qhu`h tcjph gcphos, `eclb h Lhvcrkbghr, b`hjpbkebgh phr sïquoth gc ibfumbghrcs, `hjh ï gh eâioth ghs quc `or`ukgbj h Qhgcr.
39
 LS B I YBIB
Ckrbovc`ogh, kàh tovc gövogbs, cj lcsth quc sc trbksnhrjbrob cj votðrob gc Qorrh6 `hjiokco `hj h Bmuêsoh quc cu gbrob uj cxcjpmbr bh Pc`rctâroh c cmc, hutrh bh `÷ksum. Gh jcu `hjpbkecor `hjpbkecorh, h, kàh sco, qubkth b joj, `eclbkgh prðxojh prðxojh bh Jbr`h Jb`ocm, gossc-mec6 g ossc-mec6 ”ujb jcksblcj gc Ghj Ecmgcr! Biboxh b gotbgurb!‚ @robgh pcquckh tujumth kb `bmìbgb gb olrcfb, kcstc cxbth jhjckth `eclb uj buthjðvcm gosnbrìbgh gh GHQP, `hj qubtrh blcktcs á pbosbkb. Bquo, cu c h Bmuêsoh govcrlojhs kb jcjðrob6 pbrb joj, nho gbgb hrgcj gc pcrscluoìàh, pbrb cmc, h jcgh bjpmobgh ncz `hj quc khs pusïsscjhs b `hrrcr bmu`okbgbjcktc cj gorcìàh á Qrbìb Pïrloh Mhrcth, kbqucmbs rubs vbzobs gh Yc`onc bktolh, shirctugh cj jbkeà gc ghjoklh. Kcstb ghogo`c, fhlbjhs nhrb ujb ihb qubktogbgc gc pbkcths, quc trbzêbjhs, prcfugo`bkgh b gonusàh gb pbsscbtb. @hjh nhrjb gc gcspostbr b phmê`ob, thjbjhs ujb `hkguìàh pbrb Bnhlbghs (tâxo8) c gbmo, ujb hutrb pbrb h @hmïloh6 fukths b Qbumh c bh bksohsh @eo`h, thghs shssclbghs blhrb, pugcjhs ror ujb lhsthsb rosbgb. Rubsc bghmcs`cktcs bokgb, cu `hj 92 bkhs, gcs`hkec`êbjhs h scktogh gb pbmbvrb ”pcrolh‚, jbs `hkec`êbjhs icj, bh `hktrâroh `hktr âroh ghs gobs `hrrckt `hrrcktcs, cs, h scktogh gc ”jossàh b `ujpror‚. Kb qubrtb-ncorb, h`hrrcu b pbsscbtb, uj lrbkgc su`cssh kbqucmc tcjph, sbugbgb phr jomebrcs gc pcgbìhs gc pbpcm po`bgh, mbkìbghs gh bmth ghs prïgohs. C, gc pcoth mbvbgh, pugc bkgbr, bpbrcktcjcktc movrc kbs rubs gh Yc`onc, mcvbktbkgh icj bmth h `brtbz quc prclbvb6 ”Biboxh h ojpcrobmosjh bjcro`bkh!‚ Crb uj jhjckth bokgb bjckh kbqucmc bkh gc 2?>5, h qubrth gb gotbgurb jomotbr.
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 LS B I YBIB
`bgb vcz jbos rbgo`bos cj subs phsoìócs. Kujb btotugc quc jc scrob gcphos juoth ötom ‐ âmoio usbgh kb jokeb gcncsb gh gc`rcth-m gc`rcth-mco co 7<< ‐ pcgo bh `hmclb Yhicrth Luojbràcs quc bssokbssc b jokeb prcsckìb cj bumb gc Histctrê`ob, quc h`hrrcrob kb tbrgc gh gob prhlrbjbgh. Kb quoktb-ncorb khs gorolojhs cj lruphs pbrb b scgc gb Ycothrob, hkgc phu`h b phu`h `eclbjhs, c motcrbmjcktc okvbgojhs h lbiokctc gh Qrhncsshr Juromh, quc sc ck`hktrbvb prcsogokgh rcukoàh bgjokostrbtovb. H goâmhlh quc cmc jbktcvc `hj hs mêgcrcs Jbr`hs Iurmc, Mu`obkh Poqucorb, Eujicrth @éjbrb Kcth c Bmêroh Lucrrb nho âspcrh, rugc, bs `hosbs pbrc`obj thjbr `ursh ojprcvosêvcm6 suiotbjcktc, mcvbktb-sc c tcktb sbor gb sbmb, kh quc nho ojpcgogh, sckgh-mec `hjuko`bgh quc cstbvb gctogh, btï quc rcshmvcssc h prhimcjb gh Ehspotbm gbs @mêko`bs. Cmc sckthu-sc pâmogh c ckrbovc`ogh6 h @ecnc gc Lbiokctc bvosb quc bqucmb crb `hosb lrbvêssojb c orob `hjuko`br ás buthrogbgcs phmo`obos b prosàh gh Ycothr. Cstâvbjhs ás 21 ehrbs gb jbkeà. Eujicrth prhpóc cj gos`ursh cjh`ohkbgh ‐ scjprc b sclurbr h brh gorcoth ghs scus ð`umhs, `hjh mec crb `brb`tcrêsto`h ‐ b rcbmozbìàh gc bsscjimcob kb prcsckìb gc buthrogbgcs ukovcrsotârobs6 mcjirhu quc h Ycothr crb h rcprcscktbktc jbohr gb gotbgurb kb SNQC, c sc crb bssoj, phgcrob nbmbr gorctbjcktc `hj h Jokostrh gb Cgu`bìàh c cxolor b moicrbìàh gc vcribs pbrb h vcmeh E@. Kbqucmc okstbktc, pcksco quc bmlujb `hosb cstbvb crrbgb, kðs mutâvbjhs phr moicrgbgc c ïrbjhs `hktrb ”prosócs‚, h b`orrb- jckth gb mutb phgcrob khs nbzob pcrgcr h scktogh jbohr jb ohr quc crb h gc hphr-sc á gotbgurb6 btï hkgc orêbjhs8
B bsscjimcob `hrrob, bmtcrkbkgh-sc vârohs `hmclbs, jbs scjprc b`hrgbkgh cj ojpcgor b sbêgb gh Ycothr gh rc`okth, c jbktcr phsoìócs.
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35
 LS B I YBIB
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 LS B I YBIB
vogb cj quc rcsogo, h scktojckth gc ujb vogb gurb, h vcstoiumbr gonê`om, b prhxojogbgc gb jokeb nhrjbturb, tugh crb ujb oknéjob6 quc `rojc tcrob cu `hjctogh8 @hkscluo mcr b mostb oktcorb `hj 7< khjcs, juoths gcmcs cu kàh rc`hkec`ob, phos gh projcorh c sclukgh bkhs jïgo`hs, fâ gostbktcs gh quokth bkh quc nrcqucktbvb kh Ehspotbm Qcgrh OO. Kh cktbkth, juoths ghs khsshs, gobktc gbqucmc prh`cssh bisurgh c pcrvcrsh, crbj btï kbturbos, `hj cmcs cu vovo jhjckths okcsquc`êvcos okcsq uc`êvcos gc pbsscbtbs, gc gos`ussócs, gc bsscjimcobs, gh govogor b uthpob phr uj khvh jukgh, `hj moicrgbgc c fustoìb sh`obm. Jbs, ebvob khjcs cstrbkehs bquomh tugh, `hjh h gc g c Bmcx, flmeh gh Qrhn Qrhncsshr csshr gc Kcurhmhlob, Jbkhcm @bctbkh gc Ibrrhs, quc kbgb tokeb gc ”`umpb‚ phmêto`b. Hu gc Lctömoh Osoghrh gb Yh`eb, uj cx`cmcktc rbpbz gh scxth bkh, quc, gc cvck cvcktubm tubm ”`umpb‚, lubrgbvb lubrgbvb bpckbs h gc nbmbr bmth c jbm gh jhjckth phmêto`h. Pcktco-jc. H quc Pcktco-jc. q uc nbzcr8 Qcgor bfugb6 hs projcorhs quc jc `eclbrbj á jcktc nhrbj Fborh Mcotc c Fhsï ^obkb, `hjpbkecorhs gb Lchmhlob, `hj qucj `htogobkbjcktc jc rcukob kh rcstburbktc gc Brquotcturb c `hj qucj govogob h jukgh, b gos`utor `okcjb, kbjhrhs, b sotubìàh phmêto`b ‐ vbo vcr quc h jcu oknhrjbktc trbguzob csscs ck`hktrhs `hjh ”`urshs gc ghutrokbìàh gc jbssbs‚, ujb gbs jokebs b`usbìócs, sclukgh h tcxth gh O^ Cxïr`oth. Cjh`ohkbghs, hs ghos jc prcstbrbj prcstbrbj shmogbrocgbgc, b phkth gh Vï ^obkb gozcr-jc, ”sc pugcssc, cu trh`b trh`bvb vb h scu mulbr `hjolh‚, quc fbjbos csquc`o. Nuo á pcksàh, kb Yub Iosph @brghsh Borcs, c khtco quc bmluks rcsogcktcs, hs quc mobj fhrkbos gobrobjcktc, jc hmebrbj gcs`hkflbghs, cu kàh sbiob quc b mostb ghs `bssâvcos tokeb sbêgh cj gh`ujckth hfl`obm gb Nb`umgbgc Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb, puimo`bgh khs fhrkbos gbqucmc gob gc birom. Gcotco-jc c cspcrco b jokeb orjà Mbês, quc rcsogob fukth b joj, kh okê`oh gb khotc6 cmb rcblou gc jhgh cxtrcjbjcktc bjolh c shmogâroh, okstbktbkcbjcktc pbsshu b tcr jbos rbovb ghs jomo`hs, c
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>7
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Qbssco b vovcr jhjckths gonê`cos, jbm `hjprcckgoghs phr hutrhs6 fl`brob `hj Yuo hu `hj Jïr`ob8 B cstrbtïlob ghs ghos bgvhlbghs pbrc`ob govcrlor6 Jïr`ob nbrob ujb pcìb cjokcktcjcktc phmêto`b, `hj rbslhs furêgo`hs, c h Gr. Yuo qucrob nbzcr ujb pcìb tàh shjcktc furêgo` furê go`b. b. Hs ghos `eclb `eclbrbj rbj b `hkvcrsb `hkvcrsbrr c b govcrlæk govcrlæk`ob `ob sð buj bujckckthu. Qbrb `hjpmo`br, b prcssàh nbjomobr shirc joj crb oktcksb pbrb b hpìàh Yuo Bktukcs, h jcu pbo, quc juoth jc bphohu cj `brtb icmêssojb, ckvobrb, ok`musovc, h jcu toh Fhsï Yoicorh, prhjhthr gc Fustoìb cj @rbth, pbrb buxomobr-jc gc bmlujb nhrjb ‐ cmc trhuxc gh`ujckths cmhlohshs gh @hmïloh Goh`csbkh, hkgc `ursbr `ursbrbb h lokâsoh, c gh Gcmclbgh gc Qhmê`ob gc Jossàh ^cmeb, quc jc btcstbvbj ihb `hkgutb `êvo`b. B hpìàh pcmb pcìb gh Qrhn. Yuo nho sc gcmokcbkgh, btï phrquc, sclukgh cmc, Jïr`ob `hjctob crrh cstrbtïlo`h cj `brb`tcrozbr thgh h lruph gc uj jhgh ehjhlækch, sðmogh, ukh. @hjukoquco b Grb. Jïr`ob b jokeb gc`osàh, cmb `hjprcckgcu bs rbzócs, kcj phr osth gcoxhu gc `otbr b phsoìàh quc gcsnrutbvb gcsnrutbvb `hjh uj ghs g hs ihks bmukhs gb Jcgo`okb kb sub okcsquc`êv okcsquc`êvcm cm prhphsoìàh. Kh gc`ursh gh prh`cssh, quc nho prcsogogh pcmh Qrhncsshr Ncrkbkgh Nolucorb, gb Gos`opmokb gc Qcgobtrob, `hjh b`hktc`c `hjujcktc cj thgb trblïgob, ehuvc jhjckths eombrobktcs. Sj gcsscs nho b brluoìàh gc Ecmo Mchkbrgh gc @bstrh pcmh ck`brrclbgh gh okquïroth6 b thgbs b`usbìócs b cmc nhrjumbgbs, h Ecmo rcsphkgob, tàh shjcktc, shkhrh c juoth bmth, Kàh! ‗ H sckehr ï blotbghr gc jbssbs8 KÀH! H sckehr ï gcnckshr gb mokeb `hjukostb gc @uib8 KÀH! H sckehr lrothu biboxh b gotbgurb8 KÀH! Sj jhjckth soklumbr kbqucmc prh`cssh nho b phsturb gh Qrhncsshr Ncrkbkgh Nolucorb6 shuicjhs quc crb juoth nhrtc b prcssàh shirc cmc, vokgb gh @hjbkgbktc gh O^ Cxïr`oth, pbrb b `bssbìàh sujârob gc thghs, c b cmb, kàh sc `urvhu cj kckeuj okstbktc, gcu h `ursh furêgo` furê go`hh quc sc cxolob cx olob cj c j sotubìà sotu bìàhh gc pmckb khrjb kh rjbmogb mogbgc gc gcjh`râto gcj h`râto--
H G C@YCWH 7 < <
>3
`b. C hutrh jhjckth ihkoth nho b rc`cpìàh quc Ghj Ecmgcr @éjbrb khs ncz kb sub rcsogæk`ob, bphobkgh-khs oktclrbmjcktc c sc `hjprhjctckgh b `hkscluor vblbs cj Skovcrsogbgcs curhpcobs, hkgc nhssc phssêvcm b `hk`musàh ghs `urshs, phr jcgobìàh gh @hkscmeh Jukgobm gbs Olrcfb Ol rcfbss @rostàs. Bflkbm, quc b`usbìócs nhrbj cssbs gorologbs b joj8 Cos h quc gossc h Lckcrbm Bmnrcgh Phuth Jbmbk, cj 01 gc birom gc 2?>?6 ”Blotbghr `hktujbz c btovostb, gcnckshr gc ujb mokeb vohmcktb gc bìàh gcktrh gh fllurokh gc @uib c gb @eokb @hjukostb. Qbrto`ophu gc vârohs jhvojckths gc rub, `hjh `hjê`ohs, pbsscbtbs c lrcvcs. Whjhu pbrtc cj cj `urshs gc ghutrokbìàh gc jbssbs. Qbrto`ophu Qbrto`ophu bokgb gb thjbgb gb Ycothrob‚. B cstbs sc b`rcs`cktbrbj hutrbs, cj 25 gc fumeh gc 2?>?, jcsjh bpðs b ”bishmvoìàh‚, golbjhs bssoj, pcmh okquïroth6 ”Cxtrcjostb gc csqucrgb, sub bìàh bpðs h Gc`rcth Mco 7<< `hksostou kh bmo`objckth gc ncrbs, rcbmozbìàh gc `hjê`ohs rcméjpblhs c lrcvcs gc prhtcsth, tckgh tbjiïj pbrto`opbgh gc po`ebjckths c gostroiuoìàh gc pbkcths phr h`bsoàh ghs nukcrbos gh Qbgrc Bkt÷koh Eckroquc. Ï pbrtogâroh gc mutb vohmcktb `hktrb `hktrb bs Okstotuoìócs gcktrh gh fllurokh `uibkh c `eokæs. Ycbmozhu bokgb okvbsócs gc sbmbs gc bumbs pbrb prclbr b suivcrsàh‚. Sj bjhkthbgh gc sbkgo`cs, quc ehfc, bpðs tbkths bkhs, sàh golkbs gc rosh, jbs quc kb ïph`b `busbvbj `busbvbj juoth jcgh. ^cfbjhs h tcxth cmbihrbgh cmbih rbgh pcmh Qrhn. Yuo, quc nho bssokbgh phr joj, j oj, `hjh sc nhssc h scu buthr6 ”Muromgh @mcbkh Yoicorh Pbrbovb, bmukh gb 3 b sïroc gh `ursh jïgo`h gb Nb`umgbg Nb`umgbgcc gc Jcgo`okb gb SNQC, SNQC , oktojbgh, btrbvïs gc Hnê`oh @or`umbr kh 9/>?, b bprcscktbr gcncsb cs`rotb `hj rcmbìàh b b`usbìócs `hkstbktcs gc prh`cssh okstburbgh pcmb @hjossàh gc Okquïroth gb nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb gb SNQC, vcj, kh prbzh quc mec nho `hk`cgogh, gozcr h scluoktc6
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2) Gcprcckgc-sc gh cxbjc gh prh`cssh rcncrogh kb @or`umbr kh 9/>? quc h gcnckgcktc ï lckcro`bjcktc b`usbgh gc ebvcr sc ”gcstb`bgh kb prâto`b gc prhpblbkgb suivcrsovb‚4 phr hutrh mbgh, okvh`bj-sc, tbjiïj lckcro`bjcktc, `hjh gc phssêvcm bpmo`bìàh bh gcnckgcktc c hutrhs cstugbktcs rcmb`ohkbghs kh prh`cssh,, hs tcxths ghs Gc`rcths-Mco 995, gc 95/9/><, 027, prh`cssh 027 , gc 20/0/>< c 7<<, gc 9>/9/>?. Kàh cs`mbrc`c, cktrctbkth, b b`usbìàh6 b) kh quc tcrob `hksostogh b ”prhpblbkgb suivcrsovb‚, cj `ufb prâto`b tcr-sc-ob ”gcstb`bgh‚ h gcnckgcktc, i) qubkgh c hkgc gotb prhpblbkgb tcrob sogh rcbmozbgb, `) quc prhvbs tcrobj sogh `hmeogbs gc prctcksbs btovogbgcs prhpblbkgêsto`bs suivcrsovbs btroiuêgbs bh gcnckgcktc, g) quc gosphsotovhs mclbos, `hk`rctbjcktc, tcrobj sogh oknrokloghs pcmh gcnckgcktc. 9) B hjossàh ghs cmcjckths b`ojb okgo`bghs ojphssoiomotb, kb prâto`b, h cxcr`ê`oh gh gorcoth sblrbgh á gcncsb bjpmb gc qubmqucr b`usbgh, cj qubmqucr prh`cssh. @hj cncoth. B gcncsb gh b`usbgh, cj prh`cssh gc qubmqucr kbturczb, tcrâ, tcrâ, kc`cssbrobjcktc, `cssbrobjckt c, gc scr `hkguzogb á gcjhkstrbìàh, ‐ hu gc quc h b`usbgh kàh prbto`hu bs bìócs quc mec sàh ojputbgbs, ‐ hu gc quc bs bìócs prbto`bgbs kàh crbj omê`otbs. Gc qubmqucr jhgh, ï cvogcktc quc sc hs nbths btroiuêvcos bh b`usbgh kàh sc ck`hktrbrcj gcvogbjcktc `brb`tcrozbghs c prc`osbjcktc gcmojotbghs, kh cspbìh c kh tcjph, kàh ebvcrâ b`usbìàh, kh mêgojh scktogh gh vh`âiumh. Qhr hutrh mbgh, ï olubmjcktc sbiogh quc pbrb b`usbr-sc bmluïj gc tcr vohmbgh b mco, thrkb-sc okgospcksâvcm gcflkor quc gosphsotovh gosphsoto vh mclbm nho oknroklogh. Rucr gozcr6 kàh ibstb bflrjbr quc h b`usbgh vohmhu h @ðgolh Qckbm, hu quc gcoxhu gc hi-
H G C@YCWH 7 < <
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scrvbr h @ðgolh @ovom, hu quc q uc trbkslrcgou b Mco gc Pclurbkìb Kb`ohkbm. H cxcr`ê`oh gh gorcoth gc gcncsb rc`mbjb, ojpcrohsbjcktc, quc b b`usbìàh gc`mbrc, gc jhgh cxpmê`oth6 ”tckgh ncoth osth hu bquomh, cj tbm ïph`b, h b`usbgh vohmhu h brtolh tbm, gb mco qubm‚. 0) Okcxostokgh, kh prh`cssh, b`usbìàh gc nbths `hk`rcths `hktrb `hktrb h gcnckgcktc, væ-sc h jcsjh gcnckgcktc `hkstrbklogh `hkstrbkl ogh b nbzcr cxbjc gc `hks`oæk`ob gc thgb b sub vogb ukovcrsotârob, pbrb tcktbr mh`bmozbr bmluj bth sus`ctêvcm gc oktcrprctbr-sc `hjh ”prhpblbkgb suivcrso suivcrsovb‚. vb‚. 7) Gcsgc mhlh, pbrb cxbjc gcssb hrgcj, tcrob h gcnckgcktc quc gosphr gc uj `hk`coth gc prhpblbkgb suivcrsovb. B bktcrohr Mco gc Pclurbkìb Kb`ohkbm (Mco kh 2519, gc 3/2/30) gcflkob b prhpblbkgb suivcrsovb kh scu brt. 22, `hjh sckgh b prhpblbkgb pöimo`b, ”b) gc prh`csshs vohmckths pbrb b suivcrsàh gb hrgcj phmêto`b hu sh`obm4 i) gc ðgoh gc rbìb, gc rcmoloàh, hu gc `mbssc4 `) gc lucrrb‚, b`rcs`cktbkgh h pbrâlrbnh 9 h gh rcncrogh brt. 226 ”Kàh `hkstotuo prhpbl prhpblbkgb6 bkgb6 b gcncsb fugo`obm4 b cxbmtbìàh gc nbths lucrrcorhs gb eostðrob pâtrob hu gh scktojckth `êvo`h gb gcncsb brjbgb gh pbês, bokgb quc q uc cj tcjph gc pbz4 b cxphsoìàh, b `rêto`b hu gcibtc gc qubosqucr ghutrokbs‚. B volcktc Mco gc Pclurbkìb Kb`ohkbm, gc 20/0/>< (Gc`rcthMco kh 027), kh scu brtolh 00, `hk`cotub bkbmhlbjcktc b prh-
>5
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pblbkgb suivcrsovb, tugh pcrjotokgh `hjprcckgcr, bflkbm, quc, pbrb `hkfllurbìàh gc tbm btovogbgc scrâ kc`cssâroh quc h blcktc `hk`mbjc hu ok`otc h pöimo`h á gcrroibgb, pcmb vohmæk`ob, gbs okstotuoìócs phmêto`bs hu sh`obos, hu quc prh`urc gcspcrtbr kh pöimo`h scktojckths gc ðgoh rb`obm, rcmolohsh hu `mbssostb, hu, flkbmjcktc, quc prh`urc `hkvck`cr h pöimo`h gbs vbktblcks gc ujb lucrrb, hu gc jhvojckths brjbghs. Cj rcsujh6 pcmh nbth jcsjh gb prhpblbkgb suivcrsovb tcr sogh gcflkogb cj mco gcstokbgb á prhtcìàh gb Pclurbkìb Kb`ohkbm væ-sc quc, ibso`bjcktc, kàh sc phgcrâ `hlotbr gc tbm btovogbgc, scj quc ebfb bjcbìb hu btcktbgh á sclurbkìb kb`ohkbm. 3) Hrb, h rolhrhsh cxbjc gc `hks`oæk`ob b quc sc suijctcu h gcnckgcktcc mhklc gc `hkguzo-mh b bgjotor quc tckeb rcbmozbgh gcnckgckt ”prhpblbkgb suivcrsovb‚, cj qubmqucr tcjph, kb k b Skovcrsogbgc, hu nhrb gcmb, `hkvck`cu-sc, bh `hktrâroh, gc fbjbos ebvcr ok`otbgh h pöimo`h á mutb brjbgb, hu á trbksnhrjbìàh vohmcktb vohmcktb gbs okstotuoìócs, hu gc ðgoh rb`obm, rcmolohsh rcmolohsh hu `mbssostb. B`bsh kàh ibstbssc h fumlbjckth gc `hks`oæk`ob rcncrogh, h gcnckgcktc gcjhkstrb quc fbjbos sc ckvhmvcu `hj prhpblbkgb suivcrsovb, kcj `hj qubosqucr hutrbs btovogbgcs `hktrârobs á sclurbkìb kb`ohkbm, hu gcflkogbs pcmb mco `hjh `rojokhsbs, btrbvïs gbs nhmebs `hrrogbs quc fuktb á prcscktc gcncsb, nhrkc`ogbs pcmb Fustoìb Jomotbr c pcmb Pc`rctbrob gc Pclurbkìb Qöimo`b gh Cstbgh gc Qcrkbjiu`h. Qhr tbos gh`ujckths, vcrofl`brâ cssb omustrbgb @hjossàh gc Okquïroth quc h gcnckgcktc fbjbos nho prcsh hu prh`cssbgh, hu b`usbgh gc qubmqucr `rojc pcmbs buthrogbgcs `ovos hu jomotbrcs. Nhssc h gcnckgcktc uj ”gcstb`bgh‚ prhpblbkgostb suivcrsovh, bs subs btovogbgcs scrobj gcs`hkec`ogbs pcmbs buthrogbgcs8
H G C@YCWH 7 < <
>?
Bssoj `hjh bs buthrogbgcs `hjpctcktcs, kh Yc`onc, tcstofl`bj fbjbos tcr ebvogh b`usbìàh gc qubmqucr kbturczb `hktrb h gcnckgcktc, tbjiïj bs buthrogbgcs gh scu juko`êpoh gc kbs`ojckth ‐ Jossàh ^cmeb, kh Cstbgh gh @cbrâ ‐ b sbicr, h Gcmclbgh gc Qhmê`ob c h ^o`c-Qrcncoth cj cxcr`ê`oh, btcstbj hs scus ihks bktc`cgcktcs. >) B `hkgutb gh gcnckgcktc, `hjh cstugbktc, tbjphu`h cksc fhu,, hu `rê fhu `rêto`b to`bs, s, juo juoth th jckh jckhss b`us b`usbìóc bìócss gc prhpbl prhpblbkgo bkgostb stb suivcrsovh. Bh `hktrâroh, `hjh prhvb btrbvïs ghs btcstbghs fukths, fukth s, h gcnck gcnckgcktc, gcktc, gh lok lokâsoh âsoh á Skovcrso Skovcrsogbg gbgc, c, shjc shjcktc ktc vcj nbzckgh fus á `hksogcrbìàh, bh cstêjumh c bh bpmbush ghs scus jcstrcs. Rucj gh lokâsoh á Skovcrsogbgc tcj jcrc`ogh, uko`bjcktc, rcncræk`obs cmhlohsbs ghs scus jcstrcs, qucr kh rcncrcktc bh bprhvcotbjckth oktcmc`tubm, `hjh á `hkgutb jhrbm, kàh phgc, phsotovbjckt phsoto vbjcktc, c, scr okgo`bgh `hjh suspcoth gc `hjphrtbjckth suivcrsovh, hu btcktbtðroh á sclurbkìb kb`ohkbm. <) Qbrb bokgb gcjhkstrbr quc goths btcstbghs kàh nhrbj nhrkc`oghs lrb`ohsbjcktc, pcrjotc-sc h gcnckgcktc, kh quc pcsc b ojhgïstob, rcssbmtbr quc gh lokâsoh á Skovcrsogbgc vcj bm`bkìbkgh cx`cmcktcs `mbssofl`bìócs, okqucstohkbvcmjcktc prhvbgbs prh vbgbs pcmbs khtbs btroiuêgbs bhs scus cxbjcs. Kb Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb, gcsgc b projcorb sïroc, bs subs khtbs tæj sogh < hu supcrohrcs. Wàh shjcktc kb @bgcorb gc Nosohmhlob nho bprhvbgh `hj >. Kbs gcjbos, `hjh sc vcrofl`b kh Eostðro`h Cs`hmbr bkcxh, rc`cicu khtbs gc bprhvbìàh okgos`utovcmjcktc moshkfcorbs, tckgh jbos sogh `hktcjpmbgh `hj h Qræjoh Qrhncsshr Qorbfâ gb Pomvb, kh bkh gc 2?>>. 5) Cstugbktc phirc, quc vcj rcbmozbkgh h scu `ursh brrhstbkgh `hj sb`ronê`ohs gc thgb kbturczb, b ehkrhsb phsoìàh bm`bkìb-
<1
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gb pcmh gcnckgcktc, rcvcmb, gc sub pbrtc, cxcjpmbr gcgo`bìàh bh cstugh c á Skovcrsogbgc. Skovcrsogbgc. B`rcs`cktc-sc quc h gcnckgcktc fbjbos shnrcu sbkìócs gos`opmokbrcs kb Skovcrsogbgc, kcj sc btrothu `hj prhncsshrcs hu sojpmcs nuk`ohkârohs. ?) Bh tcrjh gc tbm cxbjc gc g c `hks`oæk`ob, `ufbs `hk`musócs sàh bjpbrbgbs pcmb nbrtb gh`ujcktbìàh bkcxbgb á prcscktc gcncsb, scktc-sc h gcnckgcktc bishmutbjcktc trbkquomh pbrb bflrjbr b ojprh`cgæk`ob gbs b`usbìócs á sub pcsshb. Hutrb kàh phgcrâ scr b `hk`musàh ghs omustrcs `hjphkcktcs gb @hjossàh gc Okquïroth, kcj b ghs cjokcktcs jcstrcs quc oktclrbj b @hklrclbìàh gb Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb, hs qubos, sckgh ehjcks gc `oæk`ob, sàh, olubmjcktc, ehjcks gc `hks`oæk`ob. Kbgb jbos rc`mbjb h gcnckgcktc ghs jcstrcs ukovcrsotârohs ok`ujioghs gc bprc`obr cstb gcncsb, sckàh quc nbìbj `hj `hks`oæk`ob c FSPWOÌB. Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb gb Skovcrsogbgc Ncgcrbm gc Qcrkbjiu`h, 95 gc birom gc 2?>?.‚ Ás b`usbìócs gorologbs pcmh O^ Cxïr`oth, kb khvb hkgb rcprcssovb gc fumeh gc 2?>?, bssoj nhrjumhu h Qrhn. Yuo Bktukcs6 ”Muromgh @mcbkh Yoicorh Pbrbovb, bmukh gb 3ª sïroc gh @ursh Jïgo`h gb Nb`umgbgc Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`kb gb SNQC, oktojbgh b bprcscktbr gcncsb cs`rotb `hktrb b`usbìócs gorologbs á sub pcsshb kh Qrh`cssh Pujâroh okstburbgh pbrb bpurbìàh gc nbths prcvosthss kh Gc`rcth-Mco kh 7<<, vcj gozcr h scluoktc6 prcvosth
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2) Qrcmojokbrjcktc, rcphrtb-sc h gcnckgcktc bh gh`ujckth quc suis`rcvcu, bkcxbgh bh prcscktc prh`cssh, cj gbtb gc 95 gc birom gh `hrrcktc bkh, `ufhs tcrjhs gospcksb-sc gc rcprhguzor, rcqucrckgh, thgbvob, scfbj hs brlujckths bmo cjprclbghs `hksogcrbghs pbrtc oktclrbktc gb prcscktc gcncsb4 9) Gc 95 gc birom gh `hrrcktc bkh, btï b prcscktc gbtb, jbktcvcsc h gcnckgcktc, `hjh scjprc, gcgo`bgh bhs scus cstughs c hirolbìócs ukovcrsotârobs, oktcorbjcktc gostbktc gc qubmqucr btovogbgc phmêto`b, gh quc nbz prhvb jcgobktc b fuktbgb gc `crtogócs gc bktc`cgcktcs nhrkc`ogbs pcmb Pc`rctbrob gc Pclurbkìb Qöimo`b gh Cstbgh gc Qcrkbjiu`h c pcmb Fustoìb Jomotbr gb Pïtojb Ycloàh. Wbos `crtogócs, fuktbjcktc `hj bs bkcxbgbs `hj b gcncsb gbtbgb gc 95 gc birom, gcjhkstrbj, á sb`ocgbgc, quc h gcnckgcktc fbjbos cstcvc ckvhmvogh cj qubosqucr jhvojckth suivcrsovhs, pcmh quc shjcktc phgcrob `busbr-mec cspï`oc b b`usbìàh, sclukgh b qubm scrob h jcsjh gcnckgcktc ”blotbghr `hktujbz c pcrolhsh‚. Cvogcktcjcktc, b`usbìàh gcssb kbturczb shjcktc phgcrob scr oktcrprctbgb `hjh cquêvh`h, phos, `hjh ï mðlo`h, sc nhrb vcrgbgcorb, fâ h gcnckgcktc cstbrob prh`cssbgh pcmbs buthrogbgcs `hjpctcktcs4 0) B oknhrjbìàh, trbzogb á @hjossàh gc Okquïroth, gc quc h gcnckgcktcc tcrob thjbgh pbrtc kb gckhjokbgb ”thjbgb gb Yconckgckt throb‚, rcctc khvh cquêvh`h. Kh gob 0 gc hutuirh, gh bkh p.p., qubkgh sc vcrofl`brbj hs b`hktc`ojckths cj cpêlrbnc, ck`hktrbvb-sc h gcnckgcktc bssostokgh khrjbmjcktc subs bumbs kh Ehspotbm Qcgrh OO, `hjh prhvb btrbvïs gc `crtogàh bkcxb4
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7) Gb jcsjb covb sc rcsscktcj bs gcjbos oknhrjbìócs trbzogbs á ghutb @hjossàh, scj bphoh cj prhvb bmlujb, tcstcjukebm hu gh`ujcktbm. @btðmo`h quc ï, h gcnckgcktc fbjbos phgcrob scr `btbmhlbgh cktrc hs cxtrcjostbs gc csqucrgb. Bmukh cxcjpmbr, `hj cx`cmcktc `urrê`umh cs`hmbr, `hknhrjc cstâ gh`ujcktbmjcktc prhvbgh kcstcs buths, `hjh phgcrob h gcnckgcktc jbmlbstbr scu tcjph cj ”`hjê`ohs rcméjpblhs‚, ”bmo`objckth gc ncrbs‚ c hutrbs btovogbgcs bkâmhlbs8 3) @btðmo`h quc ï, c, shirctugh, `hjh scr eujbkh, cxpcrojckthu h gcnckgcktc prhnukgb rcvhmtb `hj h irutbm bssbssokbth gh Qbgrc Bkt÷koh Eckroquc, b qucj `hkec`ob pcsshbmjcktc c bgjorbv bg jorbvb. b. Qhr ossh jcsjh, kh gob ghs scus nukcrbos, bpðs tcr bssostogh subs bumbs (gh`ujckth bkcxh), `hjpbrc`cu h gcnckgckt gcnckgcktc, c, fuktbjcktc fuktb jcktc `hj `cr`b gc 3.1 3.111 11 pcss pcsshbs, hbs, btï h mh`b mh`bm.m. Gckt Gcktrc rc cssbs pcsshbs ck`hktrbvbj-sc tbjiïj Qrhncsshrcs gcssb Nb`umgbgc c gc hutrbs ukogbgcs gb Skovcrsogbgc, gczckbs gc sb`crghtcs c nrcorbs, scj quc, phr ossh, nhsscj `hksogcrbgbs gc ”cxtrcjb csqucrgb‚. H Lhvcrkbghr Komh @hcmeh, `hjh ï pöimo`h c khtðroh, bssh`ohu-sc bh pcsbr c á rcvhmtb gc thgh h phvh gc Qcrkbjiu`h, okstotuou ujb @hjossàh Cspc`obm pbrb bpurbr b buthrob gc rcvhmtbktc `rojc. @busb pbsjh, phsotovbjcktc, quc h `hjpbrc`ojckth bh cktcrrh gc uj sb`crghtc fllurc `hjh b`usbìàh `hktrb uj cstugbktc quc shjcktc tcj sc csnhrìbgh phr ehkrbr b sub Nb`umgbgc c golkofl`br h cksokh ghs scus jcstrcs.
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Rubkth á ”gostroiuoìàh gc pbkcths‚ c ”po`ebjckth‚, gc quc ï b`usbgh h gcnckgcktc, trbtb-sc gc ujb lrhsscorb okvcrgbgc. Bh quc pbrc`c, h oknhrjbktc jbmo`ohsh `hknukgc h gcnckgcktc `hj hutrb qubmqucr pcsshb, hu mec kutrc ðgoh jhrtbm, prctckgckgh prcvbmc`cr-sc gh bkhkojbth pbrb prcfugo`â-mh cj sub `brrcorb. Ycstb bh gcnckgcktc, gc `hks`oæk`ob trbkquomb, blubrgbr, jbos ujb vcz, quc qu c mec scfb ncotb FSPWOÌB. Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb gb Skovcrsogbgc Ncgcrbm gc Qcrkbjiu`h, 2< gc fumeh gc 2?>?‚. Bs rbzócs gc gcncsb gc Jïr`ob Bmiuqucrquc `hkstotuêrbj ujb icmêssojb pcìb phmêto`b c furêgo`b. @hktroiuou kb sub ncoturb b pbrto`opbìàh gc Qbumh @bvbm`bkto, fllurb bkthmðlo`b gb csqucrgb pcrkbjiu`bkb, ehjcj gc lrbkgc vbmhr. Cxjhs. Prs. Jcjirhs gb @hjossàh gc Okquïroth Gc`mbrhu-mec Fcsus6 Qhr quc jc oktcrrhlbs8 Qcrluktb bhs quc mecs nbmco. Pc nbmco jbm, gâ tcstcjukeh gh jbm4 jbs sc nbmco icj ‐ phr quc jc ncrcs8 . (H Cvbklcmeh Pclukgh Pàh Fhàh, `bpêtumh 25, vcr vcrsê`umh sê`umh 92).
”Whgh ehjcj b`usbgh gc uj bth gcmotuhsh tcj h gorcoth gc scr prcsujogh okh`cktc btï btï quc sub `umpbiomogbgc tckeb sogh prhvbgb gc b`hrgh `hj b mco‚. (Gc`mbrbìàh Skovcrsbm ghs Gorcoths Eujbkhs, brtolh UO). ”H ÷kus gb prhvb `bic b qucj b bmclb‚. (Khrjb Oktcrkb`ohkbm gc Gorcoth).
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Gonê`om, cxtrcjbjcktc gonê`om, bfllurb-sc bhs cstugbktcs, quc cstbs YBVÓCP GC GCNCPB suis`rcvcj, hncrc`cr `hktrbbrlujcktbìàh b nbths c h`hrræk`obs vblh c ojprc`osbjcktc rhtumbghs gc ”prhpblbkgb suivcrsovb‚. H hnê`oh k h 5, gc 2> 2 > gc birom cj `ursh, gorologh pcmh Jblkêfl`h Ycothr gb Skovcrsogbgc Ncgcrbm gc Qcrkbjiu`h bh Gorcthr, cj cxcr`ê`oh, gb Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb ‐ gh`ujckth quc scrvc gc pcgrb bklumbr bh prcscktc okquïroth bgjokostrbtovh ‐ kàh okgovogubmozb, gc uj jhgh lcrbm, b pbrto`opbìàh ghs biboxh-bssokbghs, `hjh blcktcs gh `rojc b pukor, khs bths gc prcpbrbìàh c `hksujbìàh gc cvckth gcmotuhsh. Bh `hktrâroh, h hnê`oh gh Jblkêfl`h Ycothr gb Skovcrsogbgc Ncgcrbm gc Qcrkbjiu`h, `hjh pcìb oko`obm gc b`usbìàh, ï soktïto`h, pbrb kàh sc gozcr sojpmostb, hjotokgh bs `or`uksték`obs c `brb`tcrêsto`bs ghs nbths pukêvcos, cklmhibkgh b`usbìócs c gcoxbkgh gc rcmb`ohkbr b pbrto`opbìàh gc `bgb cstugbktc, okgovogubmjcktc, kh `hkfukth gbs oknrbìócs. @hjh gckök`ob, kb b`cpìàh `hjuj gc rcvcmbìàh gc nbths pbssêvcos gc pckbs gos`opmokbrcs, kh éjioth bgjokostrbtovh, h hnê`oh gh Jblkêfl`h Ycothr gb Skovcrsogbgc Ncgcrbm gc Qcrkbjiu`h kàh tcj nhrìb pbrb prhguzor c nhrjbmozbr kckeujb bìàh pukotovb, phsth quc, ok`brb`tcrêsto`h c uogh, kàh gcs`rcvcu, `hj jokö`obs (b mco prh`cssubm gorob6 ”`hj thgb bs `or`uksték`obs‚) b `hkgutb gc `bgb okgo`obgh kbs jömtopmbs nhrjbs gb `h-buthrob khs gcmoths gc ”prhpblbkgb c btovogbgcs suivcrso s uivcrsovbs‚. vbs‚. ”H `hk`coth gc `h-buthrob hu `h-gcmokquæk`ob, cj nb`c gb ghutrokb pcrflmbgb pcmh khssh @ðgolh Qckbm ‐ goz g oz h jcstrc gc Gorcoth FHPÏ NYCGCYO@H JBYRSCP, cj hphrtukh brtolh puimo`bgh kb ”Ycvostb Irbsomcorb gc @rojokhmhlob c Gorcoth Qckbm‚, kh 2<, birom/fukeh gc 2?><, pâl. 00 ‐ tcj `hjh prcs-
H G C@YCWH 7 < <
<3
suphsth mðlo`h c ojbkckt ojbkcktcc h vêk`umh suifctovh c pso`hmðlo`h, hu scfb, b `hks`oæk`ob gc `hhpcrbr kb prâto`b gh `rojc. Qhrtbkth, qubkgh ujb pcìb b`usbtðrob oko`obm bmugc bh bssukth hu nbmb cj trbjb gcmotuhsb, gcvc kc`cssbrobjcktc okgo`br bs `or`uksték`obs hifctovbs rcvcmbghrbs gb `h-pbrto`opbìàh‚. Pcj quc sc gcs`rcvb hu rcmb`ohkc thgbs bs bìócs gh blcktc, kb cnctovb pbrto`opbìàh gh nbth goth `rojokhsh, kàh ï gbgh b kokluïj sufcotâ-mh bhs pcr`bmìhs gbs sbkìócs gc qubmqucr cspï`oc. Mb`÷ko`h, ojprc`osh c jbkoncstbjcktc hjossh qubkth ás rcsphksbiomogbgcs okgovogubos, h gh`ujckth quc okstruo h prcscktc okquïroth bgjokostrbtovh ï, cj moklublcj furêgo`b, BWÊQO@B, thrkbkgh-sc, phr ossh, gh g h phkth gc vostb pckbm, OYYCMC^BKWC. ”Cj sc trbtbkgh gc gckök`ob ‐ bgvcrtc FHPÏ NYCGCYO@H JBYRSCP, rcv. `ot., pâl. 0< ‐ kàh sc phgc bgjotor ojputbìàh vblb, lckïro`b, okgcflkogb c bistrbtb, bistrbtb, vosth quc b mogc hu `busb pckbm gcvc, gcsgc mhlh, scr okgovogubmozbgb‚. B prðprob gcncsb, cj nb`c gb oksclurbkìb c vbluczb gbs b`usbìócs orrhlbgbs bhs cstugbktcs, kàh phgc scr cxcr`ogb `hj bgcqubìàh, ujb vcz quc kàh sc sbic h lrbu gc btubìàh, khs prctckgoghs gcmoths, gc `bgb uj ghs biboxh-bssokbghs. hs b`usbghs fl`bj, bssoj, bh sbihr gbs `hktoklæk`obs gh okquïroth bgjokostrbtovh, surprcckgckgh-sc gobktc gc `bgb oknhrjbìàh, b`bmjbkgh-sc á rcvcmbìàh gc ujbs, hu sc okquoctbkgh á cvogæk`ob gc hutrbs, kuj prh`cssh dbndcbkh ghs jbos bklustobktcs, cj quc b ömtojb b`usbìàh phgcrob rcsumtbr kh ömtojh tcstcjukeh.
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B ghutrokb gb ”nhrjbìàh prhlrcssovb gb ojputbìàh‚ ï rcpcmogb pcmh gorcoth pâtroh. Qbrb quc b Gcncsb sc cxcrìb `hj cxbtogàh, omogokgh thghs hs phkths gh prh`cssh gb `hktrbgothrocgbgc, ï kc`cssâroh quc, phr scu turkh, bs b`usbìócs scfbj phsotovbs, `hk`rctbs, okgossojumâvcos. Sj ghs jbohrcs furostbs irbsomcorhs, HYHVOJIH KHKBWH, b cssc rcspcoth gc`ogou, `hjh Jokostrh gh `hmckgh Puprcjh Wroiukbm Ncgcrbm6 ”@hjprcckgc-sc b cxolæk`ob gb mco, quc torb bh flth kàh sð gbr b`usbìàh mokebs kêtogbs quc pcrjotcj h gcsckvh gcsckvhmvojckth mvojckth mðlo`h c rclumbr gh prh`cssh, `hjh, QYOK@OQBMJCKWC, (h lronh ï khssh) hncrc`cr bh b`usbgh rcncræk`obs `crtbs c okcquêvh`bs quêvh` bs quc mec pcrjotbj gcncsb `mbrb c `hjpmctb‚. ( bpug .,., ”Ycpcrtðroh gc Furosprugæk`ob gh @ðgolh gc Qrh`cssh Qckbm‚, vhm. 2¶, pâl. 211). Fâ @HPWB @HPWB JBKPH, cj c j hirb `mâsso`b, cgotbgb cg otbgb eâ qubsc qu bsc jcoh sï`umh, `hkgckbvb bs pcìbs gc b`usbìàh quc, ibscbgbs cj phkths ojprc`oshs c okgctcrjokbghs, ”gofl`umtbrobj, sckàh ojphssoiomotbrobj b gcncsb‚. (”@bshs Fumlbghs‚, 2?91, pâls. 91? c 921). Phjcktc b cmc, bh Jblkêfl`h Ycothr gb Skovcrsogbgc Ncgcrbm gc Qcrkbjiu`h, ï quc ok`ujiorob trbzcr bh ihfh gh okquïroth bgjokostrbtovh, `hjh scu oko`obghr, bs prhvbs gh `rojc. B`thr prhibt prhi bt b`t b`tohk ohkcj cj . Bh buthr ï quc `bic prhvbr h quc bflrjb, ”h quc qucr gozcr quc ï cmc qucj gcvc nhrkc`cr hs cmcjckths gc fuêzhh hu prhguzor fuêz prhguzo r hs jcohs okgospc okg ospcksâvcos ksâvcos pbrb gctcrjok gctcr jokbrbr-sc sc b cxbtogàh ghs nbths quc bmclb `hjh nukgbjckth gc sub bìàh c scj `ufb gcjhkstrbìàh pcrgcrâ h scu pmcoth‚. (BKW×KOH GCMMCQOBKC, ”Khvb Wchrob Wchrob gb Qrhvb‚, 2?79, pâls. 2< c 25).
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Wrbksncrokgh b hutrcj h ÷kus gb prhvb, h Jblkêfl`h Ycothr gb Skovcrsogbgc Ncgcrbm gc Qcrkbjiu`h vohmckthu, gbtb væ- kob , u‟b khrjb trbgo`ohkbm gh gorcoth gc thghs hs phvhs `ovomozbghs, `hkquostb gb oktcmolæk`ob c gh cspêroth gc mu`ogcz gc lcrbìócs c lcrbìócs gc cjokcktcs furostbs. H @ðgolh gc Qrh`cssh Qckbm irbsomcorh, quc scrvc gc pbrbgoljb ás mcos quc prcs`rcvcj hrocktbìàh pbrb qubmqucr lækcrh gc okquïroth bgjokostrbtovh, cstbicmc`c, tbxbtovbjcktc, cj scu Brt. 23>6 ”B prhvb gb bmclbìàh ok`ujiorâ b qucj b flzcr‚. @hjh phgc, cktàh, `bgb uj ghs okgo`obghs kcssc okquïroth sujâroh, gcstokbgh b bpurbr prhpblbkgb hu btovogbgc suivcrsovb, sotubr b sub Gcncsb, bgcquâ-mb bhs otcks gb b`usbìàh, prhfctâ-mb kh tcjph c kh cspbìh, sc b pcìb oko`obm gb bìàh ok`rojokbtðrob gomuo thghs hs rïus kb jbrï-jhktbktc jbrï-jhktbktc gc gckuk`obìócs lckïro`bs c okgcflkogbs8 Phirbgbs rbzócs, rbzócs, phrtbkth, tæj hs biboxh-bssokbghs, phr thghs hs têtumhs, bmïj ghs mclbos, gc prhjhvcr b sub Gcncsb gh jhgh `hmctovh, `hmctovh, kuj jcsjh c öko`h jcjhrobm, rcnutbkgh, cj `hjuj, bquomh quc mecs nho orrhlbgh cj `hjuj, gcsnbzckgh, cklmhibgbjcktc, tugh qubkth mecs nho btroiuêgh tbjiïj cklmhibjcktc, kàh scj ncror, ï vcrgbgc, hs prc`coths gh ihjscksh, quc cxolorob pbrb `bgb okgo`obgh ujb gcncsb pcsshbm, sc b`bsh tovcsscj sogh pcsshbos bs ok`rojokbìócs. BP QYH QY H^BP GH OKRSÏYOWH @bgb uj ghs cstugbktcs, quc cstbs Ybzócs bssokbj, tcvc vostb ghs buths, cj gobs c ehrbs prcvobjcktc gcsolkbghs, `hj h hifctovh gc quc pugcssc `hmecr suisêgohs pbrb b sub Gcncsb.
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^àh trbibmeh gc pcsquosb, gc vcrgbgcorb pcsquosb gc mbihrbtðroh, phos quc cssc okquïroth ï uj okquïroth PCJ QYH^BP! QYH^BP! Kokluïj, kckeujb tcstcjukeb, gc vovb vhz, nho huvogb pcmb @hjossàh gc Okvcstolbìàh. H quc cxostc, khs buths, á luosb gc QYH^B, ï ujb oknhrjbìàh pcsshbm gc prhncsshrcs b`cr`b ghs phkths gc b`usbìàh mcvbktbghs `hktrb hs bmukhs gb Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb gb Skovcrsogbgc Ncgcrbm gc Qcrkbjiu`h, qubkth á bmclbgb ”prhpblbkgb suivcrsovb‚. Pc mcvbgbs á `hktb gc QYH^BP, cssbs oknhrjbìócs, phr cmbs, kàh scrvoràh gc nukgbjckth á `hkgckbìàh ghb biboxh-bssokbghs. Ibstb mæ-mbs, ujb b ujb, pbrb sc `eclbr á `hk`musàh gc quc kàh b`usbj kokluïj, rc`ebìbkgh, gc uj jhgh lcrbm, bs ok`rcpbìócs `hktogbs kh hnê`oh k h 5, gc 2> gc birom `hrrcktc, gb Ycothrob gb Skovcrsogbgc Ncgcrbm gc Qcrkbjiu`h. B rolhr, kckeujb prhvb nho `hmeogb pcmb @hjossàh, kh scktogh gc rhiust rhiustc`cr c`cr hu okgovogubmozbr, `hjh omê`otb, b `hkgutb gc qubmqucr ghs cstugbktcs okgo`obghs. Cj `hktrbpbrtogb, fuktbjhs b cstc Jcjhrobm gczckbs gc gh`ujckths ghs jbos jb os cxprcssovhs c og÷kchs shirc b btubìàh gc `bgb uj ghs biboxh-bssokbghs kb vogb ukovcrsotârob. Btrbvïs gc `bgb uj, olubmjcktc, phgcr-sc-â bncror h `hjphrtbjckth ghs b`usbghs khs `urshs jbktoghs pcmb Nb`umgbgc Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb, `ufhs jcstrcs hu rclcktcs gc @âtcgrbs sàh hs projcorhs b tcstcjukebr b oghkcogbgc jhrbm c b ihb `hkgutb gc scus bmukhs, rcguzoghs, ehfc, á `hkgoìàh gc khvhs YÏSP PCJ @YOJC kcssc okquïroth bgjokostrbtovh. bgjokostrbtovh. Bmïj gossh, `hjh gcjhkstrbìàh `bibm c vcrbz gb `hkgutb `ovom hu pöimo`b ghs okgo`obghs, bkcxbjhs tbjiïj gczckbs gc `crtogócs gb g b Bugothrob gc Fustoìb gb <ª Ycloàh Jomotbr, Jomotbr, cj
H G C@YCWH 7 < <
quc sc `hjprhvb b busæk`ob gc bktc`cgcktcs phmêto`h-`rojokbos ghs biboxh-bsso biboxh-bssokbghs. kbghs. ^bmc sbmocktbr hs gh`ujckths quc sc rcncrcj bh cstugbktc JBY@HP FHPÏ ISYMC GC BLSOBY, h öko`h `otbgh, khjokbmjcktc, pcmh Jblkêfl`h Ycothr, cj scu hnê`oh fâ jck`ohkbgh. Oköjcrhs prhncsshrcs gb Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb gc`mbrbj, oksuspcotbjcktc, quc JBY@HP FHPÏ ISYMC GC BLSOBY kbgb tcj gc kclbtovh, kh quc tbklc b prhimcjbs gc gos`opmokb, gc jhrbm c gc `hjphrtbjckth phmêto`h. Khs `urshs gc Ycbiomotbìàh, jbktoghs pcmb Cs`hmb, shi b `ecflb gh Qrhn. Yuy Kcvcs Ibtostb, h cstugbktc JBY@HP FHPÏ ISYMC GC BLSOBY ‐ go-mh h jcstrc cj bprcìh ‐ ”jhstrhu-sc scjprc shmo`oth cj `hmbihrbr `hj b @hhrgckbìàh ghs rcncroghs @urshs, cj prhimcjbs surloghs cktrc hs @hrphs gh`cktc c gos`cktc, cspc`obmjcktc kh quc goz rcspcoth á gos`ussàh gh `urrê`umh‚. Ycssbmtc-sc, gcktrc hs gh`ujckths bmusovhs á ihb `hkgutb gh cstugbktc cj qucstàh, h tcstcjukeh gh btubm Gorcthr gb Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb, Qrhn. Fhrlc gc Hmovcorb M÷ih, cxprcssh khs scluoktcs tcrjhs6 GC@MBYBÌÀH Gc`mbrh, pbrb hs gcvoghs flks, quc JBY@HP FHPÏ ISYMC GC BLSOBY ï bmukh gcstb Nb`umgbgc, jbtro`umbgh shi h k h 92<, kb 7ª sïroc gh `ursh Jïgo`h, c quc h jcsjh, kb qubmogbgc gc Qrcsogck Qrcsogcktc tc gh Gorctðroh B`bgæjo`h gcstb Skogbgc, ï rcprcscktbktc gh `hrph gos`cktc kh @hkscmeh Bgjokostrbtovh c @hklrclbìàh, gcstb Nb`umgbgc. Hutrhssoj, gc`mbrh quc kbgb `hkstb khs Brquovhs gcstb Nb`umgbgc `hktrb b `hkgutb jhrbm gh rcncrogh bmukh. Yc`onc, cj 93 gc ncvcrcorh gc 2?>?. (Bss)
51
 LS B I YBIB
Qrhncsshr Fhrlc gc Hmovcorb M÷ih, ^o`c-gorcthr cj cxcr`ê`oh‚. Cos bê, cjokcktcs jcjirhs gb @hjossàh gc Okquïroth, h gcphojckth gh Cxjh. Pr. Gorcthr gb Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb shirc b `hkgutb gh öko`h okgo`obgh khjokbmjcktc `otbgh kh hnê`oh quc gcu hrolcj ás prcscktcs okvcstolbìócs. Pc bmlh ehuvcssc `hktrb h cstugbktc cj qucstàh, h cjokcktc prhncsshr Fhrlc gc Hmovcorb M÷ih, pbgràh gc golkogbgc c gc `hrrcìàh jhrbm, kàh somck`obrob, `hkec`ogb b sub jbkcorb gc blor, gc btubr kb Cs`hmb. OYYCWYHBWO^OGBGC GBP QCKBP OYYCWYHBWO^OGBGC Rucr-sc bpmo`br bhs biboxh-bssokbghs, phr prctckshs `rojcs h`hrroghs cj 2?>5, bs sbkìócs gh Gc`rcth-m Gc`rcth-mco co kh 7<<, gc 9> gc ncvcrcorh gc 2?>?, quc prcvæ, ok`musovc, b pckb gc ibkojckth gb vogb ukovcrsotârob phr træs bkhs! H prok`êpoh gb orrctrhbtovogbgc gb mco, kh gorcoth pckbm, ï okgos`utêvcm. gos`ut êvcm. Fâ Fâ gozob PBKWH BJIYÐPOH, cj `ufh pcksbjckth pcksbj ckth sc oksporbrbj hs `rojokbmostbs pbrb b flxbìàh gb khrjb mclbm6 ”Qhckb `rojokos cx tcjphrc mclos cst, qubc `rojck okeoiuot‚. B pckb gc uj `rojc ï b gh tcjph gb khrjb quc h rcprojou. Qrc`coth oktclrbgh kb `hkquostb gb prðprob @ovomozbìàh Eujbkb, b orrctrhbtovogbgc gbs mcos, kb prâto`b gh Gorcoth oktcjphrbm, nho prh`mbjbgh gcsgc b Ycvhmuìàh Nrbk`csb, `hkstbkgh gb GC@MBYB GC@MBYBÌÀH ÌÀH GHP GOYCOWHP GOYCOWHP GH EHJCJ gc 2<5?. Á ïph`b cj quc tcrobj sogh `hjctoghs hs `rojcs prcsujovcmprcsujovcmjcktc btroiuêghs bhs cstugbktcs quc bssokbj bs prcscktcs Ybzócs gc Gcncsb, kàh ebvob b fllurb gc ibkojckth gc vogb cs`hmbr, `hjh sbkìàh pckbm. Qhr `hkscluoktc, kàh sc phgc bpmo`br-mecs, blhrb, phr prctcksb oknrbìàh bktcrohr, ujb mco quc `hjcìhu b volcr cj 2?>?, juoth tcjph bpðs hs nbths `hksogcrbghs gcmotuhshs.
H G C@YCWH 7 < <
52
Gc Gc`mbrbìàh Skovcrsbm ghs Gorcoths gh Ehjcj, vhtbgb cj Bsscjimcob Lcrbm gb HYLBKOVBÌÀH GBP KBÌÓCP SKOGBP, c shmckcjcktc bssokbgb pcmh Irbsom, `hkstb cstb KHYJB6 ”Kokluïj phgcrâ scr `umpbgh phr qubmqucr bìàh hu hjossàh quc, kh jhjckth, kàh `hkstotubj gcmoth pcrbktc pcrbktc h gorcoth g orcoth kb`ohkbm hu oktcrkb`ohkbm‚. B`rcs`cktbkgh b gc`mbrbìàh6 ”Wbjiïj kàh scrâ ojphstb pckb jbos nhrtc gh quc bqucmb quc, kh jhjckth gb prâto`b, crb bpmo`âvcm bh bth gcmotuhsh‚. Kb bpmo`bìàh gcsscs prok`êpohs, goz h prc`mbrh prc`mbrh furostb WCJÊPWH@MCP IYBKGÀH @B^ @B^BM@BKWO, ehfc Jokostrh J okostrh gh clrïloh Puprcjh Wroiukbm Ncgcrbm, ”kàh gcvc ebvcr sutomczbs‚. (”B @hkstotuêìàh Ncgcrbm Ncgcrbm @hjcktbgb‚, vhm. OOO, pâl. 905). Bokgb cj nb`c gcstbs rbzócs gc hrgcj furêgo`b, h okquïroth bgjokostrbtovh, sujâroh, okstburbgh `hktrb cstugbktcs gb Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb, gb Skovcrsogbgc Ncgcrbm gc Qcrkbjiu`h, ï nbmeh, pbrb kàh gozcr omclbm. Cj khjc gb GC@MBYBÌÀH SKO^CYPBM GHP GOYCOWHP GH EHJCJ nbzcjhs cstb bgvcrtæk`ob, quc eâ-gc `bmbr, sc kàh kb `hks`oæk`ob furêgo`b ghs jcjirhs gb @hjossàh gc Okquïroth, pcmh jckhs kh scu `hrbìàh. BKÂWCJB HS GOÂMHLH8 B jbrlokbmozbìàh gc fhvcks cstugbktcs gb vogb `umturbm gc uj Qbês ï uj btcktbgh bh nuturh. B rolhr, kckeujb Kbìàh gh Jukgh, ehfc cj gob, phgc gbr-sc bh muxh gc gcsprczbr b `hktroiuoìàh gc subs cmotcs oktcmc`tubos, bokgb quc sc trbtc gb jbos phgcrhsb c gcsckvhmvogb. gcsckvhmvogb . Rubkth jbos h Irbsom, hkgc hs êkgo`cs gc ok`umturb c bkbmnbictosjh bokgb bm`bkìbj pbgrócs bmbrjbktcs.
59
 LS B I YBIB
Gb nhrjbìàh tï`ko`b, prhflssohkbm c `ocktêfl`b kàh ï mê`oth rctorbr h gorcoth á rccxàh shirc hs prhimcjbs sh`obos c c`hk÷jo`hs. Kàh phgc ebvcr `hjpbrtojckths cstbkqucs cktrc b okstruìàh c b pbrto`opbìàh kb vogb gb sh`ocgbgc. Bssoj `hjh b Qbz ï, khs tcjphs gc blhrb, `hjh gossc Pub Pbktogbgc h Qbpb Qbumh ^O, h sok÷kojh gc Gcsckvhmvojckth, phr gurbs pckbs eâ-gc sc `hjprcckgcr quc h Goâmhlh ï h sok÷kojh gc Gcjh`rb`ob. Srlc cvotbr `hknusócs, bmlujbs gcmbs prccstbic prccstbicmc`ogbs, mc`ogbs, cktrc blotbìàh gb jh`ogbgc c blotbìàh suivcrsovb. Sj phvh quc, phr subs `bjbgbs jbos fhvcks, kàh sc okquoctb c kàh mutb phr scus gcstokhs, ï uj phvh nbgbgh bh oksu`cssh. Kàh ï phr jcrb `hok`ogæk`ob ‐ c bquo gcoxbjhs gc mbgh b jhgïstob, phrquc ï prc`osh gozcr b ^CYGBGC ‐ kàh ï phr jcrb `hok`ogæk`ob, rcpctojhs, quc cktrc hs cstugbktcs quc bssokbj bs prcscktcs YBVÓCP GC GCNCPB sc ck`hktrbj bmluks ghs JCMEHYCP gb Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb, phr sub gcgo`bìàh bh bprckgozbgh, phr scus ghtcs gc oktcmolæk`ob, phr scu cjpckeh cj scrvor á pâtrob c bh scu phvh, `hjh prhflssohkbm prhflsso hkbm gb Jcgo`okb. H b`cssh bh cksokh supcrohr, kh Irbsom, ï ujb vcrgbgcorb cs`bmbgb, pbrb usbrjhs uj tcrjh `hrrcktc, kb mutb pcmb vogb. Juoths gc kðs, hu qubsc thghs, vocjhs gc `bjbgbs sh`obmjcktc gcsprhtclogbs. H oklrcssh kh @ursh Pupcrohr, lbmbrgàh ghs jbos `bpbzcs c`hkhjo`bjcktc, `usthu-khs, c á khssb nbjêmob, vo`ossotugcs gouturkbs, provbìócs flkbk`corbs, sb`ronê`ohs oklcktcs. C kðs flzcjhs phr hkgc ehkrbr cssbs provbìócs, thghs csscs sb`ronê`ohs, thgbs cssbs vo`ossotugcs, pbrto`opbkgh gb vogb ukovcrsotârob, gos`utokgh scus prhimcjbs, prh`urbkgh ius`br, kàh ojphrtb sc phr `bjokehs okhphrtukhs, ás vczcs, h rujh `crth pbrb b `hksc`uìàh ghs
H G C@YCWH 7 < <
50
bmths prhpðsoths gc scrvor bh Irbsom, `hjh `ocktostbs c `hjh `ogbgàhs. Qrhs`rcvcr-khs, cj jbssb, gh jcoh ukovcrsotâroh, cj rbzàh gc prhimcjbs quc phgcrobj scr shmu`ohkbghs cj gos`ussócs nrbk`bs, bicrtbs c gcjh`râto`bs, ï blrbvbr, cj ömtojb bkâmosc, bs prðprobs `hkgoìócs jbtcrobos gh Qbês, b irbìhs `hj qucstócs jblkbs, gc prhflmbxob, gc eolockc, gc ckgcjobs c ckncrjogbgcs bokgb `r÷ko`bs. Kðs prc`osbjhs gh Irbsom. C cmc gc kðs. Qcgojhs Fustoìb bhs ehjcks gc ihb-nï. Yc`onc, Yc`on c,
gc birom gc 2?>?.
Ghs 7< bmukhs `otbghs, bmluks phr jcohs prðprohs `hkscluorbj sc movrbr. B lrbkgc jbohrob nho ickcfl`obgb pcmb gc`osàh gb @hklrclbìàh cj kàh b`cotbr b bpmo`bìàh gh 7<< bqucmcs bmukhs kujb btotugc eostðro`b quc rcpcr`utou kh pbês. Jbr`hs Iurmc gc Bluobr, Mu`obkh Yhsbs gc Poqucorb c Bmêroh Lucrrb nhrbj `bssbghs, bpðs vohmcktb pcrscluoìàh phmêto`b b quc nhr nhrbj bj suijctoghs, nb`c á hpìàh `mbkgcstokb quc thjbrbj, hu b cmb nhrbj hirolbghs.
GHJ ECMGCY NBMB GB WCKWBWO^B GH PCS BPPBPPOKBWH ”@‟cst tho mc Fustc, ckflk, mc Fustc! @‟cst bsscz!‚ (Yojibug)
Kh bkh gc 2?>?, h btcktbgh kb Qhktc gb Whrrc `hktrb h Qrcsogcktc gh G@C, @ékgogh Qokth, c h jbrtêroh gh Qbgrc Eckroquc oko`obrbj b cs`bmbgb gc tcrrhr gh rclojc jomotbr cj Yc`onc, rcsporbkgh-sc uj br nbs`ostb, shi h Bth Okstotu`ohkbm Köjcrh 3, pcmh qubm uj bfuktbjckth gc phu`hs cstugbktcs crb vosth `hjh ujb bjcbìb á ”Ghutrokb gc Pclurbkìb Kb`ohkbm‚, ojphstb bh pbês pcmhs CSB. Ghj Ecmgcr @éjbrb crb `hkstbktcjcktc scluogh phr blcktcs gh GHQP, pbrbghxbmjckt pbrbgh xbmjcktc, c, uj nbth pöimo`h, quc kuk`b h ojpcgou gc `ujpror hs scus gcvcrcs gc Br`ciosph. Whjbvb `ursh b gospcrsàh gh jhvojckth cstugbktom, gos`utokgh-sc juoth cj ibrcs ‐ kb @bibkb, sotubgb cj pmckh Qbrquc Qbrquc 20 gc Jboh, kh Justbkl, rc`ïj-okbulur rc`ïj-okbulurbgh bgh ‐ qubm gcstokh thjbr6 uks hptb hptbvbj vbj pcmb mutb brjbgb, hutrhs, pcmb gcgo`bìàh bh nuturh prhflssohkbm, hutrhs, bokgb, crbj luokgbghs bh purh gcsiukgc , `brb`tcrêsto`b gh Jhvojckth Wrhpo`bmostb, gc @bctbkh c Lom, sckgh b `bkìàh ”Pcj mckìh c scj gh`ujckth‚, gh projcorh, quc bssustbrb b csqucrgb
5>
 LS B I YBIB
hrthghxb kh bkh gc 2?><, h scu sokbm prc`urshr, hutrhs jbos `hjphrobj b ”csqucrgb ncstovb‚ hu ”mb lbu`ec `bvobr‚, `hjh b `ebjbj hs nrbk`cscs, quc gcnckgobj b rcvhmuìàh , thjbkgh ibkehs cj pos`okbs, rclbghs b uêsquc ojphrtbgh, `hkstotuokgh h prhtðtop prhtðtophh ghs nuturhs pbrtoghs gb `ebjbgb csqucrgb kchmoicrbm. Kb ibsc gc phrrcs ehjïro`hs, hs projcorhs trblhs gc jb`hkeb thjbvbj gonusàh râpogb, icj `hjh b moicrbìàh scxubm, purb c sojpmcs, cj subs govcrsbs nhrjbs. Wugh crb juoth shnrogh, hs khsshs ogcbos cstbvbj sckgh gcstrhìbghs, phu`h b phu`h, pcmb rcprcssàh. rcprcssàh. Gc khvh, huvobsc h bktolh `bkth gc Grujjhkg6 ”Fâ kàh eâ jàhs gbgbs kh jukgh. Cmbs blhrb vobfbràh shzo- kebs. Pcj h nhlh ghs vcmehs `hktbths, quc brgob phr gcktrh c gbvb `hrblcj.‚
Cj hutuirh gc 2?<1, prðxojh bh bkovcrsâroh gc Mêlob Yhibmokeh, kh gob 01, cj ujb sclukgb ncorb prc`cgcktc, bh rcthrkbr gb Nb`umgbgc gc Gorcoth, hkgc `hstujbvb bmjhìbr kh rcstburbktc ukovcrsotâroh bmo cxostcktc, b qucrogb bjolb jc `hkvogb b uj fbktbr, quc scrob hncrc`ogh bh Ghj kh jcsjh gob, phr sub bjolb Jorobj Lusjàh, kb Bvckogb Jbkhcm Ihrib. Nuo thjbgh phr ujb ojcksb bmclrob, quc hphrtukogbgc rbrb c cxtrbhrgokârob b vogb jc hncrc`ob... @hrro bh Loroquoto pbrb bgquoror b bphstomb puimo`bgb pcmb Brquogoh`csc, `hktckgh bs gckök`obs cnctubgbs pcmh pbsthr, cj Qbros, kh jæs gc jboh, shirc bs thrturbs prbto`bgbs `hktrb prcshs phmêto`hs irbsomcorhs, shirctugh cj Pàh Qbumh, Yoh c Yc`onc, hkgc b rcprcssàh crb pbrto`umbrjcktc pcrvcrsb. Gcscfbvb juoth hitcr h scu butðlrbnh. Mêlob, sub projb Yhsb c cu `eclbjhs bh pcquckh bpbrtbjckth jbos `cgh. Qhu`h tcjph gcphos, `eclbj Ghj Ecmgcr c scu iosph buxomobr, Ghj Fhsï Mbjbrtokc. Cjh`ohkbgh, mcjirco-jc rbpogbjcktc gb jokeb trbfctðrob gc vogb, cu, quc cstugbrb kb ”Cs`hmb Yurbm Lubrbko‚, cj Jossàh ^cmeb, @cbrâ, h bmo`cr`c nukgbjcktbm gb jokeb vosàh gh jukgh, cj ujb öko`b sbmb `hjphstb gc bmukhs gc lrbus
G HJ E C M G C Y
5<
govcrshs, flmehs gc eujomgcs jbr`ckcorhs, cjprclbgbs ghjïsto`bs, quc `borobj kb prhstotuoìàh tcjphs gcphos, hutrhs, cj jbohr pbrtc, hroukghs gb jhgcstb `mbssc jïgob gb pcquckb `ogbgc hkgc kbs`o, cu, quc b`hjpbkebrb h trbibmeh gh Ghj bh mbgh ghs cx`muêghs kh Yoh gc Fbkcorh, scjprc b `mbjbr phr fustoìb sh`obm, cu, uj sojpmcs cstugbktc gc Jcgo`okb, pcrscluogh, fbktbkgh `hj uj ghs ehjcks jbos ojphrtbktcs gh sï`umh UU8 H icj quc b vogb khs prhphr`ohkb... Wokeb cmc uj rosh gc pbz, gc quoctugc, gc `hjukeàh `hj thghs hs ehjcks c `hj h jukgh thgh. H hmebr hmebr,, tàh jbksh c ihkoth! Ghj Mbjbrtokc crb b fllurb gos`rctb, `ufh bphoh bh Ghj, khs scus jhjckths gc ghr, trbrob bjpbrh bh lrbkgc pbsthr. Bpðs h `ujprojckth cnusovh b thghs, shirctugh á bkfltroà, sckthusc prðxojh b joj. Cu cstbvb træjumh træjumh pcmb cjhìàh. cjh ìàh. Mêlob, Mêlob , cxpbksovb c bmclrc, goz6 ”Ghj Ecmgcr, h Muromgh ï scu `hktcrrékch!‚ Cmc sc vhmtb b joj c jc pcrluktb6 ”Hkgc kbs`cu, jcu flmeh8 Cj Jossàh ^cmeb, Ghj, h sckehr b `hkec`c8‚ Poj, cstovc bmo cj 2?9<, bokgb scjokbrostb. H fhrkbm H Khrgcstc , gb Brquogoh`csc gc Nhrtbmczb, btrbvcssbvb lrbkgcs gofl`umgbgcs c`hk÷jo`bs kbqucmc bkh c h Br`ciosph ck`brrclhu-jc gc hitcr bssokbturbs pbrb h pcquckh fhrkbm kh @broro, shirctugh cj Fubzcorh gh Khrtc, quc fâ crb ujb `ogbgc cj `rcs`ojckth. Nbmhu-jc ghs histâ`umhs quc orob ck`hktrbr, phos h Qbgrc @ê`crh cstbvb cstbvb juoth jblhbgh jb lhbgh `hj b sub okuæk`ob okuæ k`ob kh ^bto`b^bto`bkh, quc mec ojpcgorb `ujpror hs sb`rbjckths gb Olrcfb. Kh projcorh gob, bkgco h `hjïr`oh oktcorh c kckeujb bssokbturb `hkscluo. @bksbgh, pbrco cj uj ibrzokeh c pcgo uj `bnï. @hjh cstbvb gc ibtokb, h ghkh gh cstbicmc`ojckth pcrlukthu-jc h quc nbzob bmo. Kbrrco-mec rbpogbjcktc rbpogbjcktc h h`hrrogh c bqucmc sckehr jc gossc6 ”H sckehr scke hr fâ nbmhu `hj h Qbgrc @ê`crh8 Wbmvcz, cmc mec nb`omotc bs `hosbs...‚ Nuo, cktàh, á `bsb gh sb`crghtc c h `hkec`o6 bmth, jblrh, gc `hr juoth irbk`b, `hj uj hmebr pckctrbktc, gc hmehs oktcksbjcktc bzuos! Yc`mbjhu juoth gb okfustoìb gc quc crb vêtojb, jbs, jcsjh bssoj, orob bfugbr-jc. Cs`rcvcu cj uj pcquckh pbpcm6 ï gh
55
 LS B I YBIB
jcu oktcrcssc , c bssokhu. ”Jhstrc bhkgc `eclbr‚. Pbê gb sub `bsb c phr hkgc pbssco `hmeo bssokbturbs, tbktbs nhrbj cmbs quc jc gospcksbrbj b ogb b hutrbs `ogbgcs gb rcloàh. Fbjbos csquc`o h hmebr gbqucmc ehjcj.
Pcrvogh h fbktbr, gcphos gh `bnczokeh, gc khvh khs `hktb6 Eâ bmluks gobs nuo vêtojb gc ujb tcktb tcktbtov tovbb gc bssbssokbth. @cr`b gbs 99 ehrbs, bmluïj ibtc á phrtb gb pcquckb `bsb hkgc jhrh, kb Olrcfb gbs Nrhktcorbs. @ehvob. Birh c ck`hktrh uj jckgolh scjoku, quc jc goz6 ”Ghj Ecmgos, csthu `hj nhjc c juoth nroh. Jc bfugc!‚. Cu h flz cktrbr kb sbmokeb gb jokeb `bsb, `hjc`co b prh`urbr ujb `bjosb pbrb cmc c prhvogck`obr `bnï c pàh. Puiotbjcktc, jc vhmth c h vcfh `hj ujb lrbkgc pcoxcorb kb jàh gorcotb, prhkth b jc blrcgor pcmbs `hstbs. Hmebkgh-jc bssustbgh, bfhcmeb-sc c, `ehrbkgh juoth, `hkncssb6 ”Qcrghc pbo, b phmê`ob jc pblhu pbl hu pbrb cu mec jbtbr, pcrghc jcu pbo!‚ Cu mec gossc6 ”Mcvbktb ehjcj, thjb b rhupb c b `hjogb quc jc pcgou. Qóc b pcoxcorb cj `ojb gb jcsb c vbo cjihrb, cj pbz. Cu mec pcrghh‚. Sj lcsth golkh gcssc lrbkgc ehjcj, quc rc`cicrob, rhtokcorbjcktc, oköjcrhs tcmcnhkcjbs bjcbìbghrcs, `hj pbmbvrbs okfurohsbs. Nokgb b rcncoìàh, rcncoìàh, pcgc-khs pcgc- khs bhs træs pbrb sborjhs fukths, gc jhgh bmluj scpbrbghs ‐ cssc `hkscmeh scrob ujb `hkstbktc kb sub jossàh rcmolohsb, shi b gotbgurb jomotbr. Bvosb-khs quc vorêbjhs kb `bmìbgb gh mbgh hphsth gb rub ghos ehjcks, ”sc`rctbs‚ gh GHQP, quc scjprc hs b`hjpbkebvbj, b cmc c b Ghj Mbjbrtokc. Ruc sbêsscjhs `hj `uogbgh c thjâsscjhs mhlh, mhlh h nus`b cj quc vocjhs! Gcjhrco-jc b ghrjor kh pcquckh bpbrtbjckth kb Yub Ghj Ihs`h, hkgc, cktàh, rcsogob `hj jokeb orjà Mu`o. Wokeb `hkvcrsbgh `hj ujb gbs fllurbs jbos bgjorâvcos gb khssb Eostðrob, uj ghs ehjcks quc jbos bjco cj thgb b jokeb vogb, phr qucj orob `ehrbr, `ehrbr, oktcksbjcktc, kh gob cj quc h vo jhrth, kh oktcrohr gbs Nrhktcorbs, hkgc vovcu c prhguzou thgb b sub hirb. Kbqucmc okstbktc gc
G HJ E C M G C Y
5?
cs`urogàh gcjh`râto`b, qubsc öko`b vhz b gckuk`obr hs `rojcs quc b gotbgurb scjcbvb cj thgh h pbês. Ruc b`hmeob scjprc, `hj oktcksêssojh bjhr, hs pcrscluoghs gh rclojc, gc qubmqucr `rcgh hu pbrtogh b quc pcrtck`csscj, uj scr gc muz. Jbs, cj 2?<1, ojbturhs, `hj 90, 97 bkhs, kàh `hkscluojhs `hjprcckgcr b jcksblcj quc Qbshmoko khs gozob kh scu `umtubgh Wchrcjb. Rubm bkfh cxtcrjokbghr gc Iuòucm, Wcrck`c Ptbjp, b mcr phssuo suokgh kgh scxu scxubmj bmjcktc cktc thgh thghss hs `hkstbktcjcktc Brteur Yojibug, phs jcjirhs gc ujb ro`b nbjêmob iurlucsb, gcskugb hs scus bmo`cr`cs nbmshs nbms hs c phg phgrcs, rcs, cxp cxpóc óc b vcrg vcrgbgc bgc oktc oktcroh rohrr gc g c `bgb uj gcm gcmcs cs c bku bkuk`o k`obb b thghs kðs h bgvckth gh ” kch-`bpotbmosjh kch-`bpotbmosjh flkbk`corh‚ ghs gobs btubos , b nhrjb jbos pcrvcrsb pcrvcrsb gh rclojc `bpotbmostb ‐ `rucm `hj hs gcscrgbghs, gcstruoghr gb purczb c gb cspcrbkìb ghs fhvcks ‐ fâ prcvostb phr Dbrm Jbrx kh sï`umh 2?. @hjh bktcvou h lrbkgc pcksbghr otbmobkh, h`hrrcrob h kovcmbjckth irutbmjcktc thtbmotâroh gh jukgh, nbzckgh bquomh quc h nbs`osjh eostðro`h nrb`bsshu6 uj vcrgbgcorh lckh`êgoh `umturbm, `umturbm, hkgc h phvh gcsbpbrc`c cj ujb jbssb okgoncrck`obgb gc `hksujoghrcs suijosshs c bmockbghs (P`brpcttb). Qbssbrêbjhs b vovcr cj Gos-sh`ocgbgc (Mb gossh`oïtï) ‐ `hknhrjc b ogcob rc`cktc gc Lïkïrcux ‐ cj uj jukgh jbtcrobmostb gc `hk`hrræk`ob lckcrbmozbgb, lckcrbmozbgb, hkgc hs ehjcks, `hjh ctcrkhs rovbos, rovbos, thrkbjsc vcrgbgcorhs prcgbghrcs uks ghs hutrhs, fbjbos orjàhs.
H EÏY@SMCP 3> CJ YC@ONC
H scqucstrh gh cjiboxbghr ghs Cstbghs Skoghs, @ebrmcs Cmiro`d, kb quoktb ncorb qubtrh gc sctcjirh, nho uj bmckth pbrb b rcsostæk`ob cstugbktom kh bkh gofl`êmojh gc 2?>?. B gc`mbrbìàh gb Bmobkìb Kb`ohkbm Moicrtbghrb ‐ BMK ‐ c gh Jhvojckth Ycvhmu`ohkâroh Ycvhmu`ohkâroh Hoth gc Hutuirh ‐ JY5 ‐ mogb cj thghs hs `bkbos gc tcmcvosàh c rcprhgurcprhguzogb cj fhrkbos, quc sbicrêbjhs gcphos `hhrgckbgb phr Ncrkbkgh Lbicorb, ncz h rosh vhmtbr bhs khsshs rhsths, quc cstbvbj b`ubghs gcsgc h bssbssokbth gh Qbgrc Eckroquc cj jboh, bquo cj Yc`onc. Pcj jcohs tcrjhs, gckuk`obvb bs thrturbs jcgocvbos `hjh khrjb gc lhvcrkh, nbmbvb kb `bjokebgb gc moicrtbìàh gh khssh phvh, cxpukeb bs vês`crbs gb gotbgurb. C `otbvb, umtcrohrjcktc, khjcs gc pcsshbs b scrcj moicrtbgbs, shi pckb gb cxc`uìàh sujârob gh cjiboxbghr Cmiro`d ‐ Fhsï Gor`cu gc Hmovcorb c Lrclðroh Iczcrrb sc gcstb`bvbj, `hjh tbjiïj tbj iïj h fhrkbmostb fhrkb mostb Nmâvoh Wbvbrcs, Wbvbrcs, h Qrcsogcktc gb SKC, Muos Wrbvbsshs, h mêgcr cstugbktom `broh`b ^mbgojor Qbmjcorb c h cklckecorh Yo`brgh Vbrbttoko.
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 LS B I YBIB
Kh sâibgh scos, bpðs fbktbr cj `bsb gb jokeb orjà, kh Vujio, thjco b mhtbìàh gb Whrrc, pbrb bssujor h jcu pmbktàh kh Qrhkth`hr, kb rub gbs @rchumbs. @ursbvb h quokth bkh jïgo`h c fâ jc gc`ogorb, uj tbkth prc`h`cjcktc, scluor @brgohmhlob. Kbqucmb tbrgc, cj thgh `bkth, h bssukth ghjokbkt ghjokbktcc crb h scqucstrh, b phssoiomogbgc gc jhrtc ghs lucrromecorhs hu gh prðproh cjiboxbghr, b fâ nbjhsb mostb gc mêgcrcs gc hphsoìàh bh rclojc jomotbr, jomotbr, `hktckgh quokzc khjcs. Lrclðroh Iczcrrb cstbvb prcsh kb @bsb gb Gctckìàh gcsgc 2?>7 c shnrcrb tcrrêvcos thrturbs. Bs cstbìócs gc râgoh ebvobj oknhrjbgh quc h bvoàh Eïr`umcs gb Bcrhkâuto`b phusbrob cj Yc`onc pbrb bpbkeâ-mh. Ás 2? ehrbs, bssujo h pmbktàh `hj h jïgo`h Muos ^ombr, quc tbjiïj sbiob ghs prh`cssh prh`csshss quc cu rcsphkgcr rcsphkgcrbb cj jcbghs gh bkh, ok`ursh kh BO3. H ehspotbm cstbvb `bmjh kb vïspcrb gh Gob gb Okgcpckgæk`ob. Bprhxojbgbjcktc ás 91 ehrbs, h Gr. ^ombr btckgc b tcmcnhkcjb gh @hjbkgbktc gh O^ Cxïr`oth, pcgokgh h scu `hjpbrc`ojckth á Gctckìàh6 Lrclðroh crb `brgêb`h c b ok`musàh gh scu khjc cktrc hs quc scrobj moicrtbghs mec `busbrb `rosc gc bklokb, `hj ghr thrâ`o`b jbos prhmhklbgb, ebvckgh kc`cssogbgc gb ncoturb gc cmctrh`brgohlrbjb c h cstugh gbs subs `hkgoìócs gc sbögc, cj vostb gh cjibrquc ojcgobth, `hj h bvoàh prcstcs b phusbr kb Ibsc Bïrcb. Qcgo bh ^ombr pbrb b`hjpbkeâ-mh, scrob ujb hphrtukogbgc rbr rbrbb gc `hkec`cr pcsshbmjcktcc h phmêto`h c scr-mec ötom gc bmlujb nhrjb. Bquocs`ckpcsshbmjckt gh, pcgou-jc pbrb mcvbr h cmctrh Whseoib, jbs, qubkgh prhkth cstbvb pbrb cktrbr kb bjiumék`ob, cmc jc bgjhcsthu6 ”vh`æ rcsphkgcu prh`cssh, `crtbjcktc ebvcrâ nhths cj fhrkbos, h quc scrâ uj pbssh pbrb ok`muê-mh cj `hkcxàh `hj h Lrclðroh c prosàh suiscqucktc‚. Gcsosto, cktrostc`o cktrostc`ogh. gh. H ^ombr rcthrkhu ujb ehrb gcphos. Cstbvb tcksh. Ebvob oköjcrhs fhrkbmo fhr kbmostbs stbs c nhtðlrbnhs nhtðl rbnhs á sub cspcrb c h prïgoh nhrb `cr`bgh `cr`bg h pcmb Qhmê`ob gh Cxïr`oth. Lrclðroh tovcrb `rosc gc bklokb jbos prhmhklbgb c
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h scu C@L rcvcmbrb ojphrtbktc bmtcrbìàh gbs hkgbs W, h quc b rolhr ojpmo`brob cj oktcrkbjckth ojcgobth. Qcrluktco-mec Qcrluktco-mec h quc tokeb gc`ogogh c cmc jc bgobkthu quc moicrbrb h pb`ocktc pbrb h cjibrquc. Cj vostb gh jcu cspbkth, gc uj fhvcj ogcbmostb c okcxpcrocktc gc 99 bkhs, cmc jc nbmhu6 ”^h`æ cstâ ghogh8 Pc cu ojpcgossc h cjibrquc, fâ pckshu kbs `hkscquæk`obs, h cjiboxbghr scqucstrbgh, hutrhs prcshs kh bvoàh, h Lhvcrkh khrtc-bjcro`bkh c h jcxo`bkh jhiomozbghs, fâ pckshu kb `hknusàh gopmhjâto`b8‚ g opmhjâto`b8‚ Cmc tokeb rbzàh. Ás 90 ehrbs, h Eïr`umcs pbrtou `hj h Lrclðroh c hs gcjbos cj gorcìàh á Icmïj gh Qbrâ, hkgc h 23¶ prcsh cjibr`brob, h ”Uuxu‚ hu Jbroh Vbk`hkbtth, jïgo`h. Pclukgh Nmâvoh Wbvbrcs, b ogb bh Jïxo`h nho gcjbsobgh mhklb, bmlh ok`hjprccksêvcm jcsjh `hksogcrbkgh bs `hkgoìócs gc v÷h kb ïph`b, `hjh sc h @hjbkgbktc gb bcrhkbvc cstovcssc cspcrbkgh bmlujb `hktrbhrgcj, vokgb gb `ebjbgb ”mokeb gurb‚ gh Cxïr`oth, quc kàh cklhmou b moicrtbìàh ghs prosohkcorhs c lubrgbvb `crtb suprcjb`ob shirc h troukvorbth têioh, quc lhvcrkbvb h pbês. Kh gob scluoktc, ghjoklh, `hjh h ^ombr prcvorb, kb projcorb nhmeb gh Fhrkbm gh @hjïr`oh c gh Goâroh, vob-sc sub nhthlrbflb, btckgckgh bh Lrclðroh6 b shrtc jc prht prhtclcrb! clcrb! C, phr ujb soklumbrogbgc cstrbkeb, okgorctbjcktc vovo h grbjb gbqucmc scqucstrh, `hkscquæk`ob gh `o`mh ncrhz gc `hjibtc á gotbgurb jomotbr phr mutb brjbgb. H Eïr`umcs `eclbrob á @ogbgc gh Jïxo`h ás 25 ehrbs gcssc jcsjh gob c hs fhrkbos cstbjpbrobj kb sclukgb-ncorb hs rhsths bmqucirbghs, jbs ncmozcs, ghs quokzc prosohkcorhs phmêto`hs, blhrb gcstcrrbghs. Qhu`hs gobs gcphos, pcgorbj-jc pbrb `hkscluor `hkguìàh pbrb uj lruph gc `hjibtcktcs cj mutb `mbkgcstokb, b ujb prbob gh mothrbm khrtc, c jbos ujb vcz bpcmco bh `hmclb Yhicrth Luojbràcs, h @btbtbu, gc cxtrcjb `hkflbkìb, quc hs mcvhu kh scu nus`b. Jcscs gcphos, scrobj thghs `eb`okbghs, shi h `hjbkgh gh Gcmclbgh Pcrloh Nmcury6 cssc crb uj tcjph pbrto`umbrjcktc bjbrlh c shnrogh, jbs `ecoh gc cspcrbkìb.
GHOP JHJCKWHP GB YCQYCPPÀH CJ YC@ONC
Kh okê`oh gc 2?>?, shi hs gcsjbkghs gh BO3, Ghj Ecmgcr @éjbrb nho bvosbgh bvosbgh quc uj thtbm gc troktb pcsshbs, ok`muêghs mogcrbkìbs cstugbktos c rcmolohshs ‐ h prðproh Ghj ‐ scrobj vêtojbs gh @hjbkgh gc @bìb bhs @hjukostbs (@@@). B nbjhsb mostb, quc cu kuk`b vo, cstbvb cstb vb cj jàhs gh Br`ciosph, sclukgh `hkstb, sckgh ck`bicìbgb phr @ékgogh Qokth gc Jcmh, scluokgh-sc hs `hmclbs Jbr`hs Iurmc gc Bluobr c Eujicrth @éjbrb Kcth, gb Jcgo`okb, c gh Qbgrc Eckroquc Qcrcorb Kcth, cktrc hutrhs. Gc nbth, cj birom, tcvc okê`oh b cs`bmbgb gc tcrrhr gh @@@ ‐ gh qubm crbj bgjorbghrcs `hkec`oghs cstugbktcs gb vcmeb gorcotb pcrkbjiu`bkb, ehfc phmêto`hs btubktcs ‐ c @ékgogh, prcsogcktc gh G@C gb Ncgcrbm, shnrcu th`bob kb phktc gb Whrrc6 bh `hrrcr, nho ibmcbgh lrbvcjcktc kb `hmukb ghrsbm, `hj sc`ìàh gc jcgumb orrcvcrsêvcm c `hkscqucktc ecjopmclob. @hj `crtczb, h Jbfhr Bkt÷koh Ncrrcorb nho h buthr gh torh, hutrh `rojc ojputbgh b cmc, quc, jcsjh bssoj, sc ck`hktrb movrc btï ehfc.
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 LS B I YBIB
Orjàh gc jïgo`b, @mbrossc Jcmh, @ékgogh nho oktcrkbgh kh ehspotbm Qcgrh OO, `cr`bgh `hkstbktcjcktc phr ghos blcktcs gb Pc`rctbrob gc Pclurbkìb Qöimo`b, quc crb ujb gbs `cktrbos gb rcprcssàh, kujb btotugc eujomebktc, gcsrcspcothsb b uj bjiocktc ehspotbmbr, c vohmcktb. Hs cstugbktcs gc Jcgo`okb jbos bktolhs nhjhs cs`bmbghs pbrb gbr pmbktócs `hj h @ékgogh, c cu nuo uj gcmcs, `ursbkgh cktàh, h quokth bkh jïgo`h. Mcjirh-jc `hj kotogcz gh scu scjimbktc, gb sub ckhrjc bklöstob cj kàh scktor hs jcjirhs okncrohrcs, okncrohrcs, b pcrluktbr phrquæs quc jc crbj gonê`cos rcsphkgcr. rcsphkgcr. C, pbrb b khssb jbohr bksocgbgc, trbtbvb-sc gc uj jhìh gc `hrph btmïto`h, kh pmckh volhr gb sub jh`ogbgc, `ecoh gb cspcrbkìb têpo`b gb fuvcktugc6 tugh bquomh crb ujb ckhrjc olkhjêkob! Hs blcktcs gh GHQP b thgh h jhjckth sc ojos`uêbj, bkhtbvbj khjcs, qucrckgh sbicr btï hs phrjckhrcs gb jcgo`bìàh, crb b ”gotbirbkgb‚, gc bmluks fhrkbmostbs gc gorcotb tckgck`ohshs, gc ehfc. H @ékgogh, shi hs `uogbghs gb @mêko`b Kcurhmðlo`b, nho phstcrohrjcktc trbksncrogh pbrb Pàh Qbumh, c juoths bkhs gcphos, crb h rcsphksâvcm kb cquopc gh Qrhncsshr Vcrioko pcmb ncoturb gc bpbrcmehs c vâmvumbs brtofl`obos pbrb h `hrbìàh eujbkh. Ehjcj gc ckhrjc vbmcktob c ojcksb `bpb`ogbgc cj cknrcktbr tàh lrbkgc bgvcrsogbgc. Cj hutrh jhjckth, blhrb cj 2?<1, fâ kh oktcrkbth gc Jcgo`okb, nuo bgjotogh `hjh cstugbktc pmbkthkostb `hk`ursbgh kh ehspotbm gh Qrhkth Ph`hrrh gh Yc`onc, ehfc Ycstburbìàh, quc hutrhrb hu trhrb nuk`ohkbvb kh prïgoh gb btubm NSPBJ. Cj fbkcor fbkcorh, h, nuo `hkec`cr h Pcrvoìh hkgc orob trbibmebr ‐ b jokeb prâto`b jïgo`b gc urlæk`ob crb juoth phu`b, kbturbmjcktc bkgbvb tcksh. Kcssc jcsjh gob, gc tbrgc, pmbktàh gh Cumcr Jcsquotb, `hj qucj trbibmebvb trbibmebvb kh bktolh Okstotuth gc @brgohmhlob gb SNQC, cu bmukh, cmc stbnn , bh `eclbr á sbmb ghs g hs jïgo`hs, nuo bvosbgh phr cmc prðproh quc ujb ”jokeb `hjpbkecorb‚ mcvbrb ujb lrbkgc surrb gb phmê`ob c sc ck`hktrbvb oktcrkbgb kb urlæk`ob. Nuo væ-mb, jcsjh scj rhupb bprhprobgb, c bh `eclbr bh mcoth, mhlh
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nuo oktcrrhlbgh phr ghos bm`bluctcs gh GHQP, quc `hkstbktcjcktc b volobvbj. B`crquco-jc `hj juoth `uogbgh, kàh b rc`hkec`o gc jhgh bmluj. Gossc bhs blcktcs quc orob cxbjokâ-mb phr hrocktbìàh gb @ecflb gh pmbktàh, c ck`hstco-mec h rhsth, cj vcrgbgc bprhxojcojc h jbos quc pugc, jcgokgh-mec b prcssàh brtcrobm, c mec gossc6 ”golb, `hkflc cj joj, shu cstugbktc‚6 cmb nbmbvb `hj ckhrjc gofl`umgbgc, bmïj gh `hrph rc`hicrth gc cquojhscs, tokeb mcsócs iu`bos, `hjh sc mec nbmtbsscj gcktcs, c b mêklub cstbvb ncrogb ‐ sð mec nho phssêvcm gozcr6 ”Qcoxc‚. @hj `crtb surprcsb ghs blcktcs, cu nbmco iboxokeh, ”pcoxc, cstâ `crth‚6 sc huvorbj, hs ghos pcksbrbj, tbmvcz, quc gcvcrob scr b `hjogb quc gcscfb gcscfbvb vb hu phgob `hjcr... Cu cktckgo6 Qcoxc, kb rcbmogbgc, crb cstugbktc gc Brquotcturb, kbqucmc jhjckth, prcsogcktc gh Gorctðroh B`bgæjo`h. Pbê gh QP, scluogh phr uj ghs blcktcs gb gotbgurb, quc `hj gofl`umgbgc, `hkscluo gcspostbr, gcspostbr, gorolokgh-jc bh jcu bpbrtbjckth kb rub Ghj Ihs`h, kbs `cr`bkobs. Bpðs bmluks jokuths, rcthrkco, c nuo á Nb`umgbgc gc Brquotcturb, kbqucmc tcjph sotubgb kb Bvckogb @hkgc gb Ihb ^ostb, cj nrcktc gc btubm ehspotbm psoquoâtro`h. @hkscluo væ-mh, rcmbtco b h`hrræk`ob, cmc, ”phrrb, ï numbkb quc `bou, tckeh quc bvosbr bhs hutrhs `hjpbkecorhs‚, c sbou ás prcssbs. Kàh sco gc qucj sc trbtbvb, trbtb vb, qubm h scu gcstokh, b quc hrlbkozbìàh gc csqucrgb pcrtck`ob, scqucr h scu khjc. Bqucmcs crbj jhjckths gc tcrrhr gh pcrêhgh Jïgo`o.
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orjà Mu`o, kb rub Ghj Ihs`h, prïgoh gh jcsjh khjc, cj nrcktc á bktolb Nb`umgbgc gc Lchmhlob gb SNQC. Qhr vhmtb gbs 23 ehrbs, gorolo-jc gc ÷koius bh @hrgcorh, b flj gc pblbr h bmulucm jcksbm gh pcquckh bpbrtbjckth hkgc vovêbjhs. Crb uj gob gc tðrrogh vcràh, têpo`h gh `mojb rc`oncksc kcssb ïph`b gh bkh. Kujb pcquckb prbìb, vcfh Mu`obkh Poqucorb, quc `hkvcrsb `hj uj rbpbz nrbkzokh. Mu`obkh ebvob sogh `bssbgh rc`cktcjcktc, vêtojb gh gc`rcth 7<<, fuktbjcktc `hj Jbr`hs Iurmc c Bmêroh Lucrrb. Kbqucmc okstbktc, gcvcrob tcr oko`obgh b mutb `mbkgcstokb `hktrb b gotbgurb, c bh vcr h ”iboxokeh‚ ‐ trbtbjckth bnctuhsh `hj quc cstugbktcs gc csqucrgb khs trbtâvbjhs ‐ sckto uj josth gc lrbkgc `hktcktbjckth c `crth tcjhr6 Mu`obkh crb juoth qucrogh c rcspcotbgh phr thghs kðs, jbs b phmê`ob phmêto`b h pcrscluob, kðs h sbiêbjhs.
211
ÂL S B I YBIB
Kbqucmb ehrb, hs træs tbmvcz n÷sscjhs hs öko`hs prcscktcs kb pcquckb prbìb. H iboxokeh gcu-jc uj nhrtc birbìh, crb juoth ihj rcvcr h mêgcr bjolh. Bpcsbr gb bgvcrsogbgc, hs scus hmehs nbos`bvbj gc cspcrbkìb, crb cmc, kbqucmc tcjph, uj rcvhmu`ohkâroh. Bprcsckthu-jc h ”Fhàh‚, c, rbpogbjcktc, pcgou-jc pbrb cs`hkgcr h rbpbz phr uks gobs6 ”b ibrrb cstbvb pcsbgb, cu prcstbrob uj buxêmoh okcstojâvcm á rcsostæk`ob‚. @hk`hrgco `hj uj jcgh ghs gobihs6 h quc nbzcr8 Kh cktbkth, sc h jcu scktojckth crb gc boìàh, h ”Fhàh‚ jhstrbvb-sc trbkquomh. Jhìh jblrh, b usbr ð`umhs nhrtcs, cstbturb jcgobkb, `bjosb gc tcrlbm irbk`h, gc jbklbs `urtbs shirc `bmìb iclc. Wokeb b `crtczb `hksolh. Btckth, `urohsh, juoth `hkflbktc. Ycshmvo mcvâ-mh cj Ihb ^oblcj, á `bsb gc Kcwthk gc Phuzb. Pcxtbs-ncorbs, á khotokeb, ob scjprc á rcsogæk`ob gh bnbjbgh Qrhncsshr gc @brgohmhlob. Cstugâvbjhs cmctrh`brgohlrbflb, c kbqucmc jhjckth, kbs prhxojogbgcs gb jokeb nhrjbturb cj Jcgo`okb, cmc jc hrocktbvb cj trbibmeh gc pcsquosb shirc tcstc crlhjïtro`h cj ukovcrsotârohs eêloghs. @crtbjcktc, h Gr. Kcwthk jc bfugbrob, crb ehjcj gc flrjc `hkvo`ìàh phmêto`b, gc juotb `hrblcj, c gc csqucrgb, h jbos ojphrtbktc kbqucmb `or`uksték`ob `or`uksték`ob.. Gcs`cjhs gh cmïtro`h kb Bvckogb Lubrbrbpcs, cj nrcktc bh bktolh `okcjb Wrobkhk. @hktcktc, @hktcktc, h ”Fhàh‚ mhlh bgquorou uj fhrkbm gh sum, `rcoh h FI, jbs tcktco bgjhcstâ-mh6 b rcprcssàh, cj gctcrjokbghs jhjckths, kbqucmcs gobs, cktàh, tcrrêvcos gobs gh BO3, pukeb hs scus ”sc`rctbs‚ b volobr btï ibk`bs gc rcvostbs, hiscrvbkgh hs quc bgquorobj h Qbsquoj c hutrhs fhrkbos bmtcrkbtovhs, gc mokeb jcoh csqucrgostb. H jcu jcgh crb prh`cgcktc, cu kàh sbiob b qucj prhtclob, jbs sbiob trbtbr-sc gc bmluïj ojphrtbktc. Qbrc`ob-jc tæ-mh vosth, jbs kàh btokb btokbvb6 vb6 qucj scrob8 Bktcs gc bm`bkìbrjhs h phkth oko`obm gb mokeb gc Ihb ^oblcj, kb @bsb gc Gctckìàh, ehfc gb @umturb, h ”Fhàh‚ pcrlukthu-jc shirc h
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Yc`onc, cj quc mulbr cstâvbjhs, bgjorhu b icmczb gh roh, kbqucmb tbrgc, gc nbth, h @bpoibroic pbrc`ob gc soklumbr icmczb. Wrbêb h shtbquc jokcorh, `hjh rc`hkec`crob jbos tbrgc cj Pàh Qbumh. Kcwthk gc Phuzb rcsogob cj `bsb gc cstomh `mâsso`h, ecrbkìb pbtcrkb, kb Bvckogb @hkscmecorh Bluobr, kbs `cr`bkobs gh Cgonê`oh @bmonðrkob, c prc`osbjcktc cj nrcktc gcssc prïgoh, gcs`cjhs. Qhr prugæk`ob, pcgo bh ”Fhàh‚ quc pcrjbkc`cssc kb prbìb nrhktcoroìb, cj uj phkth gc hkgc pugcssc bvostâ-mh gb rcsogæk`ob gh jcstrc. Bujcktbkgh h jcu tcjhr, bmo cstbv cst bvbb ujb vobturb vobtu rb phmo`obm. Bh cktrbr cj `bsb gh Gr. Kcwthk, h ck`hktrco gc icrjugbs irbk`bs, kb sub jblkêfl`b ioimohtc`b, jbs ebvob lrbkgc prch`upbìàh kh br... Qcmb tcksàh gh gob, sub csphsb tovcrb `rosc bsjâto`b, crb cvogcktc b ojphssoiomogbgc gc qubmqucr cstugh, jbos bokgb, nhrb cmc bvosbgh bvosbgh quc phgcrob scr prcsh, cstbkgh prcpbrbgh prcpbrbgh pbrb rcsostor á qubmqucr bìàh phmo`obm. ”Qbrc`c quc h Qbumh @bvbm`bkto c b Kbêgc Wchgðsoh tokebj sogh mcvbghs bh GHQP‚, nbmhu. Wêjogh, nb`c á ojprhprocgbgc gh jhjckth, kbrrco-mec h h`hrrogh. H ”Fhàh‚ bkgbvb kb prb`okeb, cu pugc jhstrâ-mh bh jcstrc bjolh, scjprc pcksbkgh, qucj scrob8 ”Ï ojphssêvcm rc`ciæ-mh bquo, vcfb hkgc cstâ b phmê`ob gcsgc `cgh‚, jhstrbkgh b vobturb. Wcmcnhkh bh ^otbm. ^otbm Morb, Qrhncsshr gc Qbthmhlob, crb juoth rcspcotbgh kb Cs`hmb gc Jcgo`okb, phr scu rc`hkec`ogh vbmhr oktcmc`tubm oktcmc`tubm c phr subs phsoìócs prhlrcssostbs `mbrbs. @hjh cspcrbgh, `hk`hrghu cj birolbr h fhvcj. H Qrhncsshr Qrhncss hr Kcwthk Kc wthk jc gcu gc u gcz gc z `ruzc `r uzcorhs orhs pbrb pb rb h tbxo tbx o ‐ scrob sc rob gcsb`hkscmeâvcm thjbr ghos ÷koius kb ogb á @bsb Nhrtc, cmc icj `hkec`ob bs gofl`umgbgcs c`hk÷jo`bs ghs cstugbktcs gb ïph`b. Nhjhs, cktàh, á Yub Pbktbkb, c bmo, ck`hktrbjhs h ^otbm gcotbgh cj vosthsb rcgc, `hj b sub csphsb. Bprcscktco-mec h jhìh, c ^otbm, ”Fhàh, ibstb osth‚
219
ÂL S B I YBIB
Bh sbor, pcmb oktcksogbgc gh birbìh quc h ”Fhàh‚ jc gcu, sckto b sub lrbtogàh6 ”@hjpbkecorh, juoth hirolbgh, bokgb khs vcrcjhs6 vck`crcjhs!‚ Rucj scrob8 Gobs gcphos, h ^otbm jc `hkflgck`ohu quc h rbpbz pcrjbkc`cu phr ujb scjbkb kb sub `bsb, sckgh rc`hkec`ogh pcmhs flmehs `hjh uj projh gostbktc. Kbqucmb khotc, gcjhrco b ghrjor kb `bsb gb jokeb orjà Mbês, kh jcsjh iborrh gc @bsb Nhrtc, pbrb hkgc scluo b pï, `hj juoth rc`coh gc cstbr sckgh scluogh6 qucj scrob bqucmc `hmclb, tàh nrbkzokh c tàh `hrbfhsh8 Blhsth gc 2?59 . Cj `hkvcrsb kh jcu `hksumtðroh, Mu`obkh Po-
qucorb, gc qucj nuo jïgo`h phr vârohs bkhs, rcvcmhu6 ”Crb h Jbtb Jb`ebgh!‚. Fhsï @brmhs gb Jbtb Jb`ebgh, cj 2?<1, crb h ^o`cQrcsogcktc gb SKC, cj mutb b`orrbgb b`or rbgb c `mbkgcstokb `hktrb b gotbgurb gotbgu rb jomotbr, c b sub prcsckìb cj Yc`onc, kbqucmb scxtb-ncorb, gcsck`bgcbrb prhktogàh c jhiomozbìàh ghs ðrlàhs gc sclurbkìb. Wcjphs gcphos, prc`osbjcktc cj 2?<0, scrob bssbssokbgh shi okgcs`rotêvcos thrturbs, thrturbs, `bmbgh, kbgb gckuk`obkgh, bpckbs ibmiu`obkgh h scu khjc, kh okstbktc flkbm cj quc jhrrob, b sbklrbr prhnukgbjcktc, kb scgc gh GHO-@HGO, cj Yc`onc. Qrhtclcjhs, bssoj, uj ecrðo gcstc pbês csquc`ogh, uj ehjcj gc ojcksb golkogbgc.
Jbtb Jb`ebgh
YHPBKC
Kh bkh gc 2?<2, cj flks gc jboh, btrbvcssâvbjhs ujb pbusb kh rolhrhsh okvcrkh pbumostbkh. Jïgo`h rc`ïj-nhrjbgh, bhs 97 bkhs, nbzob Qðs-Lrbgubìàh cj @brgohmhlob kh Pcrvoìh gh Qrhncsshr Gï`hurt. Cj pmckb gotbgurb Jïgo`o, scktobj-sc hs rccxhs gb `hkquostb irbsomcorb gh Wro`bjpchkbth Jukgobm gc Nutcihm, nbth icj cxpmhrbgh pcmb prhpblbkgb gh lhvcrkh. Yovcmokh crb h Yco gh @hrokteobks. ”Okvcstolbìàh ”Okvcstolbìàh shirc uj `ogbgàh b`ojb gc qubmqucr suspcotb‚, gc Cmoh Qctro, khs jhstrbrb b thmcrék`ob gbs mcos. Kbqucmc tcrrêvcm bkh gc rcprcssàh phmêto`b, gc hkgc jhrbvb, huvo phr vczcs, bh mhklc, rbfbgbs gc jctrbmebghrb, `hjh kb Qhjpcob kh jæs gc birom, hkgc vârohs ”tcrrhrostbs nhrbj nhrbj jhrths‚, sclukgh h scu Hgbor, `bscorh hkgc jhrbvb. Pcrob prugcktc btckgcr á `hkvh`bìàh quc h O^ Cxïr`oth nbzob b joj pbrb bprcscktbìàh bprcscktbìàh ojcgobtb cj qubmqucr lubrkoìàh gb Brjb8 @hjh projcorh bmukh gb turjb gc 2?<1, rc`usco-jc `ujprojcktbr bh @hrhkcm prcscktc kb Jcsb `hkguthrb gb shmckogbgc gc Nhrjbtu-
21>
ÂL S B I YBIB
rb, qubkgh rc`cio b Gostokìàh6 cmc rcprcscktbvb b prcphtæk`ob ghs quc bpcbrbj gh phgcr h Qrcsogcktc Fhàh Lhumbrt, eujomebkgh b `ogbgbkob... Kàh, kàh btckgcrob, bflkbm fâ gospukeb gh jcu @crtofl`bgh gc Ycscrvostb mclbm. mclbm. Cj ujb quoktb ncor ncorb, b, tcrjokbgh h ”ibtc-ihmb‚ gc C@L, quc khs gcg cmo`obvb shi b hrocktbìàh gh Gr. Hswbmgh Pporotus, kh E@, phr vhmtb gbs quokzc ehrbs, gorofh-jc á jokeb `bsb, kb Yub Brrugb Bmvoj, 221. Bh `eclbr, scu Hgbor, `hj h têpo`h shtbquc gh khrtc pbumostb, jc goz6 ”Ghuthr ”Ghuthr,, ujb orjà sub `eclhu gh Yc`onc c cstâ gcs`bksbkgh cj sub `bjb‚. Puih `hrrckgh, `hj h `hrbìàh b jom6 qubm gbs orjàs scrob, h quc tcrob h`hrrogh8 Bh cktrbr kh qubrth, `hkstbth quc bqucmb kàh crb kckeujb gbs træs. Wh`h `uogbghsbjcktc h scu `hrph, cmb sc mcvbktb bssustbgb bssust bgb c jc goz6 ”^h`æ ï Muromg Muromgh8‚ h8‚ Mhlh cj scluogb, jc cktrcl cktrclbb ujb `brtb gc Fb`or Fb`orcjb. cjb. Gc söioth, rc`hkecìh Yhsbkc Yhgrolucs, cj mutb `mbkgcstokb `hktrb b gotbgurb6 gcvob scr `hosb juoth sïrob
Mcoh b `brtb rbpogbjcktc c rbslh. Fb`orcjb, sh`oðmhlb rc`oncksc, jc gozob quc h jhjckth crb gofl`êmojh, scrob prc`osh bjpbrbr b `hjpbkecorb ‐ hjotou h scu khjc ‐ h`hrrcrb uj bssbmth b uj ibk`h cj Qbumostb, kh qubm tovcrb pbrto`opbìàh, `hj ncrojckth lrbvc gc uj jomotbr. H Gcmclbgh Pïrloh Nmcury cstbvb kh scu ck`bmìh6 kðs sbiêbjhs ebvcr kcssc ehjcj h quc Luojbràcs Yhsb `ebjbrb ”b ruokgbgc kbtovb‚. Gozckgh-sc Jbrob Fhsï, cmb sc ck`hktrbvb cj cstbgh mbstojâvcm. Qâmogb, jblrb, csnhjcbgb, jc gossc6 ”B jokeb vogb cstâ cj subs jàhs. Jc bfugc!‚ Nuo thjbgh phr uj nhrtc scktojckth gc `hjpboxàh, b birb`co `hj ujb lrbkgc tcrkurb c mec nbmco6 ”Kàh sc prch`upc, `hkflc cj joj!‚. Cmb `ehrhu somck`ohsbjcktc, hs jcus hmehs jbrcfbrbj gos`rctbjcktc. Cmb quos thjbr ibkeh, qucrob `hjcr, gcscfbvb rhupbs êktojbs quc kàh phssuêb6 cmb qucrob vovcr! Nuo á Yub
YH P B K C
21<< 21
Wchghrh Pbjpboh c bgquoro `bm`okebs, sutoà, thbmeb, sbihkctc c uj vcstogh icj sojpmcs. @hjcu bmu`okbgbjcktc, eâ gobs quc kàh sc bmojcktbvb icj, vocrb b Pàh Qbumh kb ihmcob gc uj `bjokeàh. Gc`ogo quc orêbjhs bh bpbrtbjckth gc Mcokbg c Fhàh Ihs`h @brihloj ‐ cmb, `cbrcksc gc @rbtcös, cmc, jokcorh gc Fuoz gc Nhrb ‐ hs ghos ebvobj trbibmebgh `hj Ghj Nrblhsh, uj ghs iosphs pcrscluoghs pcmhs jomotbrcs, c phr osth jcsjh, ebvobj jolrbgh gh @cbrâ pbrb Pàh Qbumh. Crbj cxtrcjbjcktc bjolhs c mcbos. Kb csquokb gb Bvckogb Qbumostb `hj b Yub Qcoxhth Lhjogc sc mh`bmozbvb h prïgoh hkgc Mæ c Ihs`h rcsogobj, ojcksh, `hjphsth gc bpbrtbjckths jhgcsths, jbs gc mh`bmozbìàh cx`cmcktc. Puiojhs bh 2<¶ bkgbr. Cxpmoquco á Mcokbg quc Jbrob Fhsï kàh phgcrob fl`br `hjolh. Cu mec pcgo quc b rc`cicssc, h quc mhlh b`cothu6 cmb pcrjbkc`crob hs gobs kc`cssârohs, ghrjokgh kh shnâ gb pcquckb sbmb. H scu pmbkh crb b nulb pbrb h @eomc, quc bmicrlbvb pcrscluoghs phmêto`hs gc thgb b Bjïro`b Mbtokb kh lhvcrkh Pbmvbghr Bmmckgc, ujb omeb gcjh`râto gcjh`râto`b `b `or`ukgbgb phr vohmcktbs gotbgurbs jomotbrcs kh rcstbktc rcstbktc gb Bjïro`b gh Pum. ^hmtco gc ÷koius. Wokeb pmckb `hks`oæk`ob quc cu vovcrob gobs thrjckthshs kb jokeb vogb. Pc `bêsscjhs cj jàhs gh Nmcury, crbj thrturb c jhrtc `crtb, b rcprcssàh kb crb Jïgo`o kàh tokeb kckeujb `hjpboxàh6 jbs, `hjh bibkghkbr á prðprob shrtc ujb `hjpbkecorb gc mutb8 H `hjprhjossh, b shmogbrocgbgc eujbkb, b bmtcrogbgc, hkgc cstbrobj8 Kh cktbkth, b `crtczb gh quc gcvcrob nbzcr kàh sc b`hjpbkebvb gb trbkquomogbgc csporotubm kc`cssârob6 cu tokeb uj ckhrjc jcgh! Khs gobs scluoktcs, pbssco b jc `hjuko`br `hj Mcokbg, kb @HPOQB, hkgc trbibmebvb, c gc vcz cj qubkgh ob bh scu bpbrtbjckth. Jbzï, `hjh pbssbjhs b `ebjâ-mb, `hkscluou phu`h b phu`h jbktcr `hktbths `hjh hs scus `hjpbkecor `hjpbkecorhs hs gc mutb. Kujb gbs vczcs, pcgou-jc pbrb bpbkebr ujb qubktob cj gokecorh kh `cktrh gb `o-
215
ÂL S B I YBIB
gbgc4 `hk`hrgco, scjprc `hj juoth jcgh. B sckeb `hjiokbgb crb ”vh`æ nujb Ehmmywhhg8‚ H ck`hktrh b`hktc`cu ghos gobs gcphos, kb Qrbìb gb Pï, icj prðxojh á @btcgrbm. Qhstco-jc cj nrcktc b uj phkth, prcvobjcktc b`crtbgh, c gc rcpcktc bvostco Eulh, quc `hkec`ob gb Cs`hmb gc Brquotcturb, cj Yc`onc. Cmc kàh jc rc`hkec`cu c fukth b joj b nuj nujbr, br, nbmhu b sck sckeb. eb. Yc`cio uj pb`h pb`htc tc gc gok gokecorh ecorh c h `hmhquco kujb ihmsb. Nuo thjbkgh ÷koius vbrobghs `hjh nhrjb gc gcspostbr uj phssêvcm blcktc phmo`obm c cktrcluco á khotokeb, h gokecorh. B pbrtor gc ujb `crtogàh gc kbs`ojckth nbmsb, gc khjc Jbrob Fhsï gb Pomvb, cmb `hjcìhu b torbr scus gh`ujckths c gbr okê`oh á hitckìàh gh pbssbphrtc, kb ïph`b, gcs`cktrbmozbgh, vbmc gozcr, `bgb Cstbgh h cjotob, h quc crb uj lrbkgc crrh cstrbtïlo`h cstrbtïlo`h gb gotbgurb. Rubkgh pbrc`ob or tugh icj, uj phmo`obm `ovom b oktcrpcmb6 ”B sckehrb ï khrgcstokb, prctckgc vobfbr pbrb hkgc8‚ ”Poj‚, rcsphkgc Jbzï, ”pbrb h @eomc‚. Cmc6 ”@urohsh, bs pcsshbs quc tæj prhimcjbs phmêto`hss kh Khrgcstc usbj juoth cstc khjc gb sckehrb c ius`bj h phmêto`h @eomc...‚ ”Kàh, sckehr, cu vhu `hkec`cr, c sc phssêvcm, pcrjbkc`cr kh pbês b cstughs, phr bmluks jcscs‚. H phmo`obm kàh sc `hkvck`cu `hkvck`cu gc thgh c bssokbmhu h scu rcqucrojckth rcqucrojckth.. Jcsjh bssoj, h pbssbphrtc nho moicrbgh. Cmb cktrhu cj péko`h. Á khotc, `ehrbkgh, shmo`othu quc khs prhtclæsscjhs b kðs jcsjhs, cmb fbjbos suphrtbrob thrturbs `hjbkgbgbs phr Nmcury, crb nrb`b kcstc scktogh c phgcrob gc`mokbr khjcs6 pcgou quc b pcrghâsscjhs. Á pbrtc, cu, Mæ c Ihs`h `hjiokbjhs uj csqucjb, pbrb tcktbr cvotbr b sub qucgb. B projcorb ctbpb gb cstrbtïlob prcvob quc cmb cjibr`brob `hjh ujb ”sh`obmotc‚ pbumostbkb. B vârohs bjolhs gc `hkflbkìb pcgo gokecorh kh E@, Mcokbg `hkscluou uj `bsb`h gc pcmc `hj ujb pokthrb `hkec`ogb, h Ihs`h bujckthu b rc`cotb phr ghbìócs. Gobs bktcs gh cjibrquc, ncz ukebs gc pïs c jàhs, pokturb shflsto`bgb gc rhsth kb
YH P B K C
21?? 21
vïspcrb, `hjprbrbj-sc pcru`b, sbpbths c ihmsb lrà-flkb kb Yub Bulustb. Yc`hrgh-jc, pbrto`umbrjcktc, pbrto`umbrjcktc, gb sub gcspcgogb. Bmtcrkbkgh `ehrh `hj rosh, `bkthu jöso`bs gc Muês Lhkzblb, mcjirbkgh bs rbêzcs lbrbkeuckscs4 kðs `hjuklâvbjhs `hj h rosh hu `hj h scu `ehrh. Sjb `bkìàh pbrto`umbrjcktc th`bktc b Jbzï, kbqucmc gob, crb gh @eo`h Iubrquc, ”Btï pcksco‚6 ”Fukth b jokeb rub ebvob uj ihsquc, Ruc uj jurh bmth prho- iob, Mâ thgh ibmàh `bêb, thgb jbìà `bêb, C h ghkh gh ihsquc kcj vob...‚
Pc pbrb cmb h nuturh crb ujb ok`ðlkotb, tbjiïj pbrb kðs quc fl`âvbjhs bs `hosbs phgcrobj kàh scr nâ`cos. Eulh, `hj khjc nbmsh, cstbvb `hkhs`h c ghrjou bmo, kbqucmb khotc. B sclukgb ctbpb gb cstrbtïlob crb crb b gc quc Jbzï orob b @hklhkebs, shzokeb, cj tâxo `eoquc. Sj hmecorh gh Eulh ‐ hu cmc prðproh8 ‐ tcmcnhkbrob pbrb b Mcokbg c pbrb joj, bh rbjbm gh bjiumbtðroh gc @brgohmhlob. Kh gob G, flz `crb. Nokgh h cxpcgocktc, bs btckgcktcs gcs`crbj shzokebs pbrb h bmjhìh, kàh cktckgobj phrquc cu qucrob pcrjbkc`cr bmo4 kb cxpc`tbtovb, cxpc`tbtovb, flquco jbkuscbkgh prhktuârohs jïgo`hs gc pb`ockt pb`ocktcs cs jcus quc fâ btckgcr btckgcrb, b, `hj ujb okflkotb tcksàh6 Cmb `borob8 Cmb cjibr`brob8 Ruc nbzcr cj `bsh gb sub qucgb8 Jcus pbos h quc gorobj, phgcrobj shnrcr8 Jcoh-gob th`b h rbjbm 9296 ”Cjibr`hu!‚ Gcus, quc bmêvoh... Cu sbêrb gc `bsb pcksbtovh c tcjcrhsh, phgcrob kàh vhmtbr jbos, ok`musovc pcgo bh `hmclb Yhiïroh kb vïspcrb, cj thj icj sc`h6 ”Pc bjbkeà ás 25 ehrbs cu kàh vocr á sub pcksàh, bvosc b Mbos cj Yc`onc quc gcvh cstbr prcsh‚. prcsh‚. ”Qhr ”Qhr quæ8‚ gossc-jc cmc. ”Kàh phssh nbmbr‚. Gobs gcphos, surprcckgcktcjcktc, rc`cih gh @eomc, cj ckvcmhpc rbslbgh phr blcktcs gb gotbgurb, uj `brtàh phstbm gcmb. B lrbkgc ojprugæk`ob, pcmh jckhs kàh sc b`hjpbkehu gc hutrb, quc scrob
221
ÂL S B I YBIB
h ush ghs khjcs rcbos hu `hjcktârohs gc kbturczb phmêto`b. @ebjhu-jc Mu, tàh shjcktc. Kbgb ebvob gc `hjprhjctcghr, cmb nbmbvb bssukths `hrroqucorhs, sckgh phssêvcm `hkstbtbr shmogàh c trostczb prhguzogbs pcmh cxêmoh. Bpðs b qucgb gc Bmmckgc, uj bjolh `hjuj jc gossc quc cmb qubsc nho jhrtb kh Cstâgoh Kb`ohkbm, sckgh trh`bgb phr uj hutrh kh okstbktc cj quc torhs gc jctrbmebghrb jbtbrbj vârohs `hjibtcktcs, `ufhs `hrphs motcrbmjcktc `bobj kh mcoth gh roh, quc `or`ukgb h cstâgoh gc nutcihm. @hjh tcrob cmb cs`bpbgh8 Phuic quc pcrscluogb phr shmgbghs, `hkscluou suior h jurh gb Cjiboxbgb gb Gokbjbr`b c bmo nho b`hmeogb. Eâ phu`h, cj hutuirh gc 911>, ujb gbs subs orjàs, rcsogcktc kcssc pbês, tbjiïj pcrscluogb phmêto`b, `hj hmehs jbrcfbghs, cj nb`c gc gctbmecs gcs`hkec`oghs gh cposðgoh, `hkflrjhu bspc`ths gh quc mec kbrrbvb. Cktrclhu-jc movrh puimo`bgh cj Qhrtulbm cj 2?51, hkgc Yhsbkc rcsujou b sub bvckturb. Kb ogb pbrb Pàh Qbumh, gc icrjugb c scj gokecorh, kb ihmcob gh `bjokeàh, h jhthrostb c h bfugbktc tcktbrbj cstuprâ-mb, h quc kàh nho `hk`rctozbgh phrquc, `ehrbkgh, `mbjbvb phr vbmhrcs ïto`hs bokgb cxostcktcs khs scus `hrbìócs. Jomotbvb kh Qbrtogh @hjukostb Irbsomcorh Ycvhmu`ohkâroh (Q@IY), `hj `h j h `hgokhjc Fumobkb gb Yh`eb c btubvb kh @cbrâ. Juoth cjihrb subs gubs orjàs tbjiïj pcrtck`csscj á jcsjb blrcjobìàh, kckeujb gcmbs sbiob quc bìócs bs hutrbs nbzobj. Kh cxtcrohr, cxtcrohr, tcrjokhu h `ursh jïgo`h c `hkstotuou nbjêmob, ujb gbs flmebs `hj h khjc Fumobkb, h jcsjh quc cmb usbrb kb lucrromeb uribkb. Eâ bmluks bkhs, Mu`obkh Poqucorb, jc nbmhu6 ”^h`æ prhtclcu Yhsbkc8 Pbiob quc b hrgcj gc Nmcury crb jbtâ-mb c b qucj cstovcssc `hj cmb8‚ Qckb quc ujb oknhrjbìàh tàh rcmcvbktc tckeb ehfc bpckbs h vbmhr eostðro`h. Yhsbkc jhrrcrob cj Yc`onc gc `ék`cr gc jbjb, eâ khvc bkhs. Kàh `ecluco b væ-mb, bpcsbr gc trbibmebr kh jcsjh ehspotbm, h Ibràh gc Mu`ckb, hkgc cmb nbzob quojohtcrbpob. quojohtcrbpob. Bh jhrrcr, quos cstbr `hj hs scus, kb Qâtrob quc b rcfcotbrb.
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Jbos pbrc`ob uj ck`hktrh gc ”cxombghs‚ khrgcstokhs bqucmb ncofhbgb cj uj ghjoklh gh vcràh pbumostbkh, h`hrrogb kujb ihkotb rcsogæk`ob, kh Bmth gh Pujbrï (hu Qb`bcjiu8), cj ârcb ro`b kb vclctbìàh cs`bssb gc Pàh Qbumh, kh bkh gc g c 2?<9. Cu c b Fbkgor Fbkgorbb nhjhs `hkvogbghs phr Nrbk`os`b Lucrrb, jïgo`b rcsogck rcsogcktc tc cj Qsoquobtrob kh Ehspotbm gbs @mêko`bs, @mêko `bs, juoth bjolb khssb. khssb . Cktrc tbkths `hktcrrékchs, mâ cstbvbj Bmêroh Lucrrb c sub `hjpbkecor `hjpbkecorbb Cvcmokc gc Phuzb, flmeb gc Kcwthk gc Phuzb, Qrhncsshr gc @brgohmhlob cj Yc`onc, ehjcj gc lrbkgc golkogbgc, rc`hkec` rc`hkec`ogbjcktc ogbjcktc `hjukostb. Bmêroh nho uj ghs phu`hs cstugbktcs gc Jcgo`okb gb SNQC `bssbghs pcmh Gc`rcth-Mco 7<<, kh bmvhrc`cr gb gotbgurb Jïgo`o, cj 2?>?. Nulorb gh @cbrâ, pcrscluogh pcmb rcprcssàh, jomotbktc gb mutb `mbkgcstokb `hktrb b torbkob khs bkhs gc `eujih, pcksh quc jcjirh gh Q@ gh I, bpðs btubr kb Bìàh Qhpumbr. Lbmclh gc hmehs `mbrhs, jbos pbrc`ob uj bmcjàh, kuk`b bqucmc pobuocksc `hrbfhsh quc crb. Ehjcj gc phu`bs pbmbvrbs c gc juotb bìàh, crb mcbm `hjh phu`hs.
227
ÂL S B I YBIB
Bpðs birbìhs cnusovhs, shirctugh cj Cvcmokc, gc qucj crb jbos prðxojh, pcmb molbìàh bnctovb nhrtc quc cu jbktokeb `hj h scu pbo, `hj qucj pcsquosbrb h C@L cj ukovcrsotârohs eêloghs phr tcstc crlhjïtro`h, bh sbicr quc jc ck`hktr ck`hktrbv bvbb cstblobkgh kh E@, `hkthujc h prhimcjb gc sbögc sïroh quc h lbmclh vovob. Ebvob okgê`ohs phr thssc pcrsostcktc quc mec vhmtbrb prh`cssh tuicr`umhsh, cxostcktc bkhs bktcs kh pumjàh6 kc`cssotbvb rcbmozbr pcsquosb gh ib`omh gc Dh`e kh cs`brrh `hj `crtb urlæk`ob, jbs ebvob kbturbm mojotbìàh, phos cstbvb cstbvb scj gh`ujckths g h`ujckths hfl`obos, cj pmckb `mbkgcstokogbgc ‐ h scu khjc kàh phgcrob bpbrc`cr ‐ bmïj gbs gofl`umgbgcs c`hk÷jo`bs. Bmo jcsjh `hjc`co b jbtutbr uj jhgh gc bfugâ-mh, quc tcrob gc scr shrrbtcorh, cs`hkgogh, kc`cssbrobjcktc, kh Mbihrbtðroh @cktrbm gh E@. ^hmtbjhs hs `ok`h, cu, Fbkgorb, Bmêroh, Cvcmokc c Nrbk`os`b, cj uj nus`b gorologh phr bjolb gb @ozokeb. Kb gcs`ogb gh Pujbrï, ujb vobturb phmo`obm quc pcrscluob uj lruph gc fhvcks cj `brrh `hj bmtb vcmh`ogbgc, phr ojprugæk`ob gb khssb `hkguthrb, quc rc`mbjhu ghs fhvcks bhs shmgbghs, suiotbjckt suiotbjcktcc jughu gc pcr`ursh c pbsshu b khs scluor6 ujb `hrrcktc gc jcgh khs `eclhu, phos b busæk`ob gc ogcktogbgc gh `bsbm ojpmo`brob cj gctckìàh gh Bmêroh, B mêroh, shirctugh, `hj bs tcrrêvcos `hkscquæk`obs quc mec vorobj. Hs phmo`obos oktcr`cptbrbj h `brrh, c pbrb bzbr gc thgh jukgh, b bjolb jhthrostb kàh trhuxcrb `hksolh b gh`ujcktbìàh gc prhprocgbgc gh vcê`umh6 cmb cxpmo`hu bh `bih quc hs `ok`h ïrbjhs jïgo`hs (!), c gcvcrêbjhs bssujor pmbktàh gbmo b phu`bs ehrbs kh E@. Kàh btokh phr qubos jhtovhs h phmo`obm kàh pcgou b ogcktogbgc ghs gcjbos h`upbktcs, pcmh `hktrâroh, quos scluor h `brrh btï Eolockðphmos, hkgc b prhproctârob rcsogob. Juoth tckshs, gcs`cjhs kb Bvckogb Gr. Brkbmgh cj nrcktc á Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb, scj prhimcjbs jbohrcs. @hjiokco `hj Bmêroh Bm êroh quc kb tcrìb ncorb khs ck`hktrbrêbjhs cj nrcktc bh btubm OJM, kb Yub Wchghrh Pbjpboh6 gcvcrob `hkscluor h rc`opocktc pbrb b `hmecotb gh cs`brrh kb sclukgb, cstb ctbpb kàh scrob
H L BMCLH B M Ê Y O H L SCYYB
2233 22
gonê`om, phos gospökebjhs ghs tuihs bprhprobghs kb ckncrjbrob gc @brgohmhlob @brgohmh lob Qcgoâtro`b, hkgc cstblobv cstblobvbb kbqucmc jæs6 jbs, `hjh cu nbrob8 Qrc`osbjcktc kbqucmb scjbkb `uogbvb gc uj pb`ocktc gc 2< bkhs, gh oktcrohr gc PQ P Q, rc`ïj-hpcrbgh, quc, qu c, `hjh ï h ebiotubm, ebiotubm , tokeb thssc prhgutovb, c b öko`b jbkcorb quc vosmujirco nho b gc trh`br h jbtcrobm gh ghcktc pcmh csputh gh Bmêroh, quc cu gcvcrob rc`cicr rc`cicr kb qubrtb-ncorb, qubrtb-ncor b, kh jcsjh mh`bm. Kb jokeb fuvck fuvcktugc, tugc, bksohsh cj bfugbr h `hjpbkecorh, kàh pcr`cio scr okbiotubm c cstrbkeh uj jïgo`h pcgor pcsquosb gc ID cj pðs-hpcrbtðroh gc `orurlob gh `hrbìàh... Pc kosth kàh pcksco, pckshu gorcotokeh b supcrvoshrb gc Ckncrjblcj, ujb sckehrb cmclbktc, bjbzhkcksc, irbib, c quc bokgb phr `ojb gcs`hirou h tuih gc cksboh qucirbgh quc cu fhlbrb kh moxh gh ibkecorh ghs ghcktcs, `hj h cs`brrh gh jcu ckncrjh FIP. Cktrco kujb pohr, b jumecr b jc `hiror gc pcrluktbs, crbj pcr`cptêvcos h jcu trcjhr c b jokeb oksclurbkìb6 scj totuicbr, bflrjhu quc `hosb juoth csquosotb ebvob sogh prbto`bgb, bjcbìbkgh-jc `hjuko`br bh Qrhncsshr Gï`hurt c biror prh`cssh bgjokostrbtovh, h quc rcprcscktbrob, tbmvcz, b jokeb cxpumsàh sujârob gh cstâloh, kbqucmb btjhsncrb gorcotostb quc ojprclkbvb h bjiocktc ehspotbmbr cj tcjphs tàh gonê`cos6 b ckncrjcorb jbos pbrc`ob uj blcktc gh PKO! Brrosquco c jckto6 gossc-mec quc pcgo h cxbjc buthrozbgh phr Bkt÷B kt÷koh Lhuvæb, jcu supcrvoshr gc cstâloh, quc cu sbiob `hkflâvcm phrquc gc csqucrgb (fâ `hkvcrsârbjhs ibstbktc shirc phmêto`b), c icj bktcs gcmb, nbmco cu `hj h cmc shirc h quoprhquð. H jcu supcrvoshr kàh tcvc gövogbs6 bssujou b rcsphksbiomogbgc, bflrjbkgh quc buthrozbrb b rcbmozbìàh gh cxbjc, phos h ckncrjh tokeb bktc`cgcktcs cpogcjohmðlo`hs gc tuicr`umhsc c sub thssc kàh jcmehrbvb, c bpckbs phr gcs`uogh, eb ebvob vob sogh qucirbgh q ucirbgh h tuih `hmcthr... Pc b jumecr cklhmou, btï ehfc kàh sco6 h nbth ï quc gbê, cktàh, pbssco b tcr jcus prhktuârohs csjouìbghs `hj thgh h rolhr pcmb bjbzhkcksc zbklbgb. H quc tbjiïj kàh pcksco ï quc h cxbjc gh Bmêroh, `hj h khjc gh jcu ghcktc, phgcrob scr phsotovh, h quc ckscfbrob ujb ojcksb `hknusàh, kàh nho, lrbìbs bh ihj Gcus. Sjb scjbkb gcphos `hju-
22>
ÂL S B I YBIB
koquco bh lbmclh h rcsumtbgh kclbtovh, c mec trhuxc bmclrob kb vogb gonê`om quc `crtbjcktc tokeb, `hj uj sïroh prhim prhimcjb cjb b jckhs. Jbos gc 01 bkhs gcphos, pcr`cih b mhu`urb c b lrbvogbgc lrbvogbgc gh quc `hjcto, c shjcktc blhrb tovc `hrblcj gc kbrrbr cstb h`hrræk`ob. Crbj tcjphs omclbos, c kb omclbmogbgc sð phgêbjhs blor bssoj6 rcpctogh cssc pcrêhgh kcnbsth gb khssb Eostðrob, kàh tckeh b jckhr gövogb quc tugh nbrob gc khvh, ï gb jokeb êkghmc kàh b`cotbr qubmqucr nhrjb gc buthrotbrosjh. Bmêroh Lucrrb gc Jb`cgh jhrrcrob gc gcsbstrc buthjhiomêsto`h cj pmckb `bjpbkeb cmcothr cmcothrbm, bm, `bkgogbth b Pckbghr pcmh Q@ gh I, sbmvh cklbkh, cj Pcrlopc, cj 2?5>4 b Cvcmokc nho cmcotb vo`c-Qrcncotb gb `ogbgc gc Brb`bfu. Kcstc okstbktc mcjirh-jc pcrncotbjcktc gh scu scjimbktc, qubkgh gb okvbsàh c thjbgb gb Ycothrob, quc flzïrbjhs cj hutuirh gc >5, ghos jcscs bktcs gb prhjumlbìàh gh BO6 gbgb b sub `hcræk`ob, cstbrob juoth ok`hjhgbgh `hj b bgcsàh btubm bh kchmoicrbmosjh phr pbrtc gc bmluks pbrtoghs gc csqucrgb irbsomcorhs. Kàh jbos h rcvo. Qhr h`bsoàh gb ckncrjogbgc quc `conhu b vogb gh Qrhn. Kcwthk tovc hphrtukogbgc gc `hkec`cr h scu flmeh jbos vcmeh, quc, gc hmehs öjoghs, huvou-jc cstc rcmbth, bquo cj Yc`onc. H jhìh, gc lrbkgc scksoiomogbgc, cstugbvb Nomhshflb c Wcbtrh cj Pcrlopc, eâ `cr`b gc hoth bkhs.
PÀH QBSMH, 2?<0
Cj sctcjirh gc 2?<0, b jokeb cx-csphsb sc ck`hktrbvb kh okê`oh gh sïtojh jæs gb sub projcorb lcstbìàh. Kbqucmc bkh, scj cxostor bokgb bpbrcmehs gc umtrbsshj, kàh sbiêbjhs h scxh gh flmeh, jbs, sckgh ehjcj, rc`cicrob h khjc gc Eckroquc, `hjh cu prhjctcrb bh Qbgrc jbrtorozbgh, kb Olrcfb gh Cspokecorh. Kbqucmc bkh, h projcorh gh khssh `bsbjckth, jhrâvbjhs cj bpbrtbjckth bmulbgh c jhiomobgh sojpmcsjcktc, c bmo, `hj nrcquæk`ob, rc`ciêbjhs `hmclbs khrgcstokhs,, gh Yc`on khrgcstokhs Yc`oncc nukgbjcktbmjcktc, bmluks cj mutb `mbkgcstokb `hktrb b `rucmgbgc gc Cjêmoh Jïgo`o. Juoths ghrjobj `hkhs`h phr ujb khotc bpckbs, c scluobj h scu rujh ru jh kh gob scluoktc. Pcktêbjhs-khs ncmozcs kb pcquckb bfugb prcstbgb c scktêbjhs tbjiïj juotb sbugbgc qubkgh pbrtobj. Cj fumeh, fâ pcksâvbjhs cj rcthrkbr bh Yc`onc, jbs ebvob juotb gövogb. Wêkebjhs cj Pàh Qbumh ujb pcquckb cstruturb, cu kàh gospukeb gc cjprclh rclumbr, jbs b `hjpbkecorb trbibmebvb kh Fbìbkà `hjh jïgo`b psoquobtrb, c juotbs prhjcssbs c `hkvotcs
225
ÂL S B I YBIB
surlobj pbrb h jcu trbibmeh, kb prðprob PQ, hu cj Pàh Fhsï ghs @bjphs, Mhkgrokb kh Qbrbkâ c Bmclrctc, kh Yoh Lrbkgc gh Pum. Gövogbs ebvob c tbjiïj oksclurbkìb gc `hjh tcr c `robr uj flmeh cj Pàh Qbumh, kh Khrgcstc tcrob b bfugb gb nbjêmob, c `hj `crtczb, cu hitcrob cjprclh cj Skogbgc @brgohmðlo`b @brgohmðlo`b.. Cj flks gc blhsth, bh rcthrkbr gh Ehspotbm gbs @mêko`bs, pbrb h jcu bpbrtbjckth kb Yub Wchghrh Pbjpboh, 321, khtco movrh scjo-bicrth cj jcsb gb phrtbrob gh pcquckh prïgoh, `hj vârobs bkhtbìócs. Qcrluktco bh zcmbghr gc quc sc trbtbvb. Cmc jc rcsphkgcu quc crb movrh gh GHQP, bmo phsth, pbrb rclostrbr rclostrbr b vosotb ”gc cstrbkehs‚ bhs vârohs bpbrtbjckths. Jbkuscco `hj `uogbgh c vcroflquco khjcs bkhtbghs, bmluks fl`tê`ohs, tbmvcz, hu jcrbs gcs`roìócs gc tophs nêso`hs, qubsc thghs hs quc tokebj ogh bh bpbrtbjckth 012, quc crb h jcu. Jcu `hrbìàh pbmpothu nhrtcjcktc, gco ujb gc csquc`ogh, c gossc, ”vhu `hjprbr pàcs‚. Fbkgorb fâ cstbvb cj `bsb. Whjco tbxo c nuo á `bsb gc Fhàh Ihs`h @brihloj, kb Yub gh Pujoghurh, Qokecorhs6 jokcorh bjolh, cmc shnrcrb pcrscluoìàh gb gotbgurb cj @rbtcös, @cbrâ, c tokeb ihb cxpcroæk`ob cj groimâ-mb. @hktcomec h nbth c Ihs`h bgjhcsthu, ”vh`æs cstàh sckgh hiscrvbghs pcmb Qhmê`ob Qhmêto`b c b qubmqucr jhjckth scràh prcshs, vàh cjihrb gc Pàh Qbumh, tckebj prcssb cj rcthrkbr, mhlh, mhlh‚. ^hmtco prch`upbgh c `hktco gc jhgh jbos sojpmcs á csphsb h quc cstbvb b`hktc`ckgh, `hj juoth `uogbgh, phos kh okê`oh gb sub lcstbìàh shnrcrb sïrob bjcbìb gc bihrtbjckth. Bprcssbjhs b vhmtb, scj quc juoths cktckgcsscj, ok`musovc h Qrhncsshr Muoz Gï`hurt, quc pbrc`ob qucrcr b jokeb pcrjbkæk`ob kh scu Pcrvoìh. B jokeb jumecr tcvc gc suspckgcr b Ycsogæk`ob Jïgo`b, quc scluob kb SPQ, pbrb surprcsb gc bmluks `hmclbs. Qcgou gcjossàh gh cjprclh, c scqucr pcksbjhs khs scus gorcoths gc lrâvogb, prcvosths cj mco. Ycthrkbjhs b `ok`h gc sctcjirh gc 2?<0, gc ÷koius.
P ÀH QB S M H , 2?<0
22?? 22
Cj 99 gc sctcjirh, phr vohmckth lhmpc jomotbr trboìhcorh, crb gcrruibgh kh @eomc, h vbmhrhsh Pbmvbghr Bmmckgc. B`hjpbkeco phr râgoh hs mbk`cs grbjâto`hs gh lhmpc. Kh Irbsom, phr hrgcj gc Jïgo`o, nho gcsck`bgcbgb vohmcktb rcprcssàh cj thgh h pbês, `hj prosócs ghjo`omobrcs b thrth c b gorcoth, scj jhtovh bmluj, pcmh sojpmcs nbth gc bssujorcj bs vêtojbs ”`hjphrtbjckth‚ gc csqucrgb. Bmluj tcjph gcphos, bktcs jcsjh gh kbs`ojckth gh jcu projcorh flmeh, shuic quc qubsc thghs hs `hjpbkecorhs quc nrcqucktbrbj h jcu bpbrtbjckth cj PQ, nhrbj prcshs tbjiïj. Crb b `ebjbgb ”Hpcrbìàh @hkghr‚, quc ukob bs gotbgurbs gh `hkc sum gb Bjïro`b Mbtokb, kb vohmcktb rcprcssàh bhs scus hphsothrcs. Cj Yc`onc, bs `hosbs kàh scrobj kbgb nâ`cos. H cstoljb gc ”`hjukostb‚ jc pcrscluob. Fâ cj birom gc 2?<0, phr sïrob gcsbvckìb ebvogb cktrc jokeb orjà Mbês c b csphsb gh @ecnc gb @bsb Jomotbr gh Lhvcrkbghr (io÷ko`h) Crbmgh Lucorhs, `hj b phssoiomogbgc gc quc Mbês `hjuko`bssc á csphsb gh Gr. Crbmgh nbths quc hnckgcrbj b sub golkogbgc gc jïgo`b c `ogbgà, nho bvosbgb, sutomjcktc6 ”Pc h Lhvcrkbghr Lhv crkbghr shuicr gc tbm nbth, h scu orjàh quc jhrb cj Pàh Qbumh bokgb ehfc scrâ prcsh, phos kðs sbicjhs hkgc sc ck`hktrb c h quc nbz‚. B jokeb cktrbgb kh Ehspotbm Ibràh gc Mu`ckb nho `hjpmo`bgb. Mbês nbmhu gb jokeb sotubìàh phmêto`b `hj h Gr. Fbics Jcmh, Qrcsogcktc gh OKPP, quc bpcmhu bh @hjbkgh gh O^ Cxïr`oth, phos quc crb cmc jïgo`h jomotbr, jbs, jcsjh bssoj, tovc gc hitcr vârobs nhmebs `hrrogbs phmo`obos c gh prðproh Cxïr`oth. Kh Ehspotbm gh OQPCQ, quc sc mh`bmozbvb, cktàh, kh Gcriy, hkgc nuo btubr `hjh `brgohmhlostb cj 2?<3, crb jhkothrbgh pcmh scu Qrcsogcktc, h Gr. Brjbkgh Pbjo`h, ehjcj gc gorcotb, quc ebvob gorologh h GHQP c sbiob ghs jcus prh`csshs. prh`cssh s. Yc`ciob bjcbìbs b qubmqucr gcsmozc jcu kb SWO, ok`musovc bh prhoior, `hjh jïgo`h pmbkthkostb, pmbkth kostb, b cktrbgb gc bjolhs scus, scu s, mcolhs, cj ehrârohs ok`hkvckocktcs bhs ghcktcs oktcrkbghs. Gozob bh Gr. Fhsï @bvbm`bkto, Gorcthr gh Gcpbrtbjckth Jïgo`h gh Ðrlàh, ”cu `hkecìh icj hs prh`csshs gbqucmc `hjukostb‚.
291
ÂL S B I YBIB
Kb SNQC, h jcsjh Pbjo`h sc hp÷s á jokeb bgjossàh bh qubgrh gh`cktc, `ecob gc pcr`bmìhs cj pmckb gotbgurb, `hjh jc rcmbthu h Qrhncsshr Cglbr ^o`thr. H jcu prh`cssh gc 71 ehrbs nho histruêgh phr bkhs, phr `hktb, sclukgh jc nbmbrbj, gb rctckìàh gcssc prh`cssh cj jcsb gc Qrð-Ycothr, gb ârcb gc Jcgo`okb @mêko`b, @mêko `b, quc tcrob goth, ”cstc prh`cssh gbquo kàh pbssb‚. Cssb vohmæk`ob scrob rcvcrtorcvcrtogb tcjphs gcphos pcmb golkb btubìàh gh Qrhncsshr Lcrbmgh Qcrcorb, quc jbkghu rcbiomotbr h jcu prh`cssh gc bs`cksàh nuk`ohkbm, tàh mhlh bssujou h `brlh gc ^o`c-Ycothr gb SNQC. Blhrb, cj pmckb gcjh`rb`ob, kàh shu icj vosth pcmhs ghkhs gh phBlhrb, gcr gc ehfc, quc jc `hksogcrbj ”rbgo`bm‚, ”gc cxtrcjb csqucrgb‚, bh mutbr phr ujb Skovcrsogbgc Phicrbkb c Movrc, lrbtuotb, gc qubmogbgc, phr ujb sh`ocgbgc gc kbturczb sh`obmostb c `hktrb b phmêto`b kchmoicrbm, quc pbrc`c tcrcj bssclurbgh, gbkgh `hktokuogbgc bh prhfcth kchgorcotostb gc Ncrkbkgh Eckroquc @brghsh. ^æ-sc quc b nb`c scguthrb c `hrrupthrb gh ”Qhgcr‚ pbrc`c kàh gostokluor gorcotb c csqucrgb.
LB^OÀH6 LB ^OÀH6 JBY@BP JBY @BP GB YCQYCPPÀH YCQY CPPÀH
Cj bkhs rc`cktcs, `hjh phrtbghr gb ghckìb gc g c @rhek, vobfh bkubmjcktc b Pàh Qbumh, pbrb rcvosàh rcvosàh jïgo`b jïgo `b hrocktbgb hrocktbg b phr Bytbk Popbeo, jïgo`h icj `hkec`ogh, tbjiïj vêtojb gh gcmclbgh Pcrloh Nmcury khs bkhs gc `eujih. Cj ujb gcssbs h`bsoócs, ehspcgco- jc kh bt Yocjb, scrvogh phr ujb rcgc gc tbxos, cktrc hs qubos h buthjðvcm gc uj jhthrostb bm`ukebgh Lbvoàh. ^hmtco gc Pàh Qbumh kujb scxtb-ncorb, okê`oh gc ujb tbrgc `euvhsb, c cstb `hkfukìàh scxtb-ncorb-`euvb ï ï prhguthrb `hj juotb nrcquæk`ob gc lrbkgcs cklbrrbnbjckths cklbrrbnbjckths gc tréksoth kcssb `ogbgc. Kbqucmc gob pbrc`ob quc b rclrb scrob jbktogb, ebvob prckök`oh gc mcktogàh quomhjïtro`b gc buthjðvcos. Fâ ebvob cstbicmc`ogh h prcìh gb `hrrogb gc tbxo `hj Lbvoàh, quc crb juoth nbmbktc, nbmbktc, bmth, gcsokoiogh, gc hmehs lrbkgcs c okvbsovhs. @cr`b gc jcoh gob thjh h `brrh. Kb sbêgb gh ehtcm, cj gorcìàh bh `cktrh gc Pàh Qbumh, pcrluktco bh Lbvoàh phrquc tokeb bqucmc bpc-
299
ÂL S B I YBIB
mogh, cmc scj jbohr `croj÷kob jc gossc quc crb hroukgh ghs bkhs sctcktb, qubkgh scrvou á phmê`ob, shi bs hrgcks gh gcmclbgh Nmcury.. ry ‗ H sckehr cstbvb bquo cj <2, <9, `hkec`cu h gcmclbgh8 ‗ Cstbvb, cu crb jïgo`h cstbloâroh gh Ehspotbm gbs @mêko`bs, jbs kàh `hkec`o h gcmclbgh, bpckbs phr fhrkbos. ‗ Ehjcj vbmcktc c gcstcjogh bqucmc. Sjb vcz cu cstovc `hj cmc cj Jokbs cj ius`b gc uks ”tcrrhrostbs‚ kh oktcrohr gh Cstbgh. Ghuthr,, cu gco juotb pbk`bgb kbqucmcs `hjukostbs, tbjiïj juoth Ghuthr torh! @hjc`co b fl`br ok`hjhgbgh `hj h Lbvoàh Lbvoàh.. Bqucmc pbph kàh jc crb blrbgâvcm. Qbrc`ob quc h ehjcj vhmtbvb khs lcsths bhs bkhs shjirohs gb rcprcssàh phmêto`b, `hjcìbvb b sc ck`bktbr `hj bs subs mcjirbkìbs @eclbjhs á Jbrlokbm Jbrlok bm gh Woctæ, h tréksoth cstbvb c stbvb tcrrêvcm, tcrrêvcm, h jcu vhh pbrb Yc`onc cstbvb cstbvb jbr`bgh pbrb bs 27601 2760 1 ehrbs. Qcmb cxoluogbgc cxoluog bgc gc tcjph, h Lbvoàh rcshmvc or pcmh Irâs, c thjb pcr`ursh goncrcktc. ‗ H sckehr bphohu hs ”tcrrhrostbs‚8 ‗ Cu crb jïgo`h gh Ehspotbm gbs @mêko`bs, `hjh fâ mec gossc, kàh tokeb ckvhmvojckth phmêto`h. ‗ Wckeh b ojprcssàh gc quc `hkecìh h sckehr... Wcj `crtczb quc kàh muthu `hktrb b gotbgurb8 ‗ Kàh! ‗ Nuo cknâto`h. ‗ H sckehr jc `hknukgc `hj hutrb pcsshb. Cmc pbrb rcpcktokbjcktc h vcê`umh, bpðs h vobguth gh Irâs, c jc jhstrb ujb rub uj tbkth gcscrtb. ‗ H sckehr kàh sc mcjirb8 Bquo gcjhs juotb phrrbgb c torhs kbqucmcs ”tcrrhrostbs‚, `hjh crb gcstcjogh h gcmclbgh Nmcury!
L B^OÀH 6 J BY@BP
GB
Y CQYCPPÀH
2900 29
Kcssc cstbktc `hjc`co oktcrohrjcktc b tcr `crth péko`h6 h quc prctckgob bqucmc `brb8 Cstbrob cj uj trbksc gc mhu`urb8 Ebvcrob ujb rcgc h`umtb gc pcrscluoghrcs pcrscluoghrcs hroukgb ghs bkhs gc g c `eujih8 B ghr gc `bicìb quc jc vokeb prckuk`obvb cmcvbìàh gb prcssàh brtcrobm... Lbvoàh gorolc jbos uj u j phu`h gcktrh gh Irâs c khvbjcktc cstb`ohkb cj mh`bm crjh. ‗ H sckehr kàh sc mcjirb gcstc mh`bm8 ‗ Kàh, `hjh phgcrob mcjirbr-jc8 Fâ mec gossc quc shu jïgo`h. ‗ Bquo jbtbjhs uks ghos tcrrh tcrrhrostbs... rostbs... Gcprcckgo quc h ehjcj tokeb ujb flxbìàh jðriogb phmo`obm, jbs, scrob cmc mhu`h b phkth gc jc mcvbr b bmluj bpbrbth phmo`obm8 Wugh jc h`hrrob kbqucmc jhjckth, oktcrohrjcktc tbjiïj pbssco b vovcr khs bkhs sctcktb, pbrc`ob-jc huvor torhs kbs rubs gc Pàh Qbumh, `hjh `crtb vcz hs huvo vokghs gb g b Qhjpcob6 Nmcury, Nmcury, Jïgo`o, tugh jc vokeb kujb bvbmbk`ec gc rc`hrgbìócs... Gc rcpcktc, khtco quc cstâvbjhs kàh juoth gostbktcs gh bcrhphrth. B ghr gc `bicìb crb jbos nhrtc. Mcjirco-jc qubkgh thjco uj tbxo cj Yc`onc, nulogh gb rcprcssàh phmo`obm cj pbsscbtb kh `cktrh, kujb tbrgc cj quc rcpcktokbjcktc, scj quc cu gosscssc, h jhthrostb pbrc`ob sc gorolor bh qubrtcm gh Gcriy, c jc prcpbrco pbrb h pohr, blrcgorob h tbxostb phr trâs... @eclbjhs b Lubrumehs. Qbluco b `hrrogb, c h Lbvoàh bokgb nbmhu6 tckeh `crtczb quc `hkec`o h sckehr cj 2?<9... 2?<9.. . Whjco b prcssàh brtcrobm6 2>1 x ?1 jj El.
HYBÌÀH GC QBYBKO BYBKOKNH KNH Bhs Jïgo`hs gc 9119.2 Skovcrsogbgc Ncgcrbm gc Qcrkbjiu`h
Jcus qucroghs bmukhs, Okukgbgh gc bmclrob, bssoj flquco qubkgh h Cgshk jc oknhrjhu tcr sogh cu cs`hmeogh `hjh Qbrbkoknh gb sub turjb. B lckcrhsogbgc ghs scus `hrbìócs, quc rcsumtb gb btubìàh lrbtuotb gh ^crih, bjpmobgb pcmb gupmb ehjckblcj `hj quc jc `hktcjpmbj, ï bokgb jbos cxprcssovb qubkgh sbicj quc kàh gosphkeh gc phgcr c tckth, kh cxcr`ê`oh gh jblostïroh, scluor h quc b`hkscmebvb h `okcbstb Bdorb Durhsbwb6 ”uj prhncsshr rcbmjcktc ihj kàh sc pbrc`c `hj uj prhncsshr‚. C qubktb husbgob vh`æs tcj, phos, tbmvcz kàh sboibj, hutrhrb nuo `hksogcrbgh, kbs prhxojogbgcs gb jokeb nhrjbturb, ”blotbghr `hktujbz c btovostb btovostb‚‚ pcmhs Ðrlà Ðrlàhs hs gc Pclurbkìb, quc tcktbvbj bjhrgbìbr b ojpctuhsogbgc gb fuvcktugc gb ïph`b. Ruc cu phssb, bktcs gc tugh, govogor tàh lrbkgc bmclrob ‐ b jbohr quc phgc scktor uj prhn prhncsshr csshr kh gc`ursh gb vogb prhflssohkbm ‐ `hj h jcu pbo, scrtbkcfh ihj c ehkcsth, quc jc mclhu ojhrrcghurbs
29>
ÂL S B I YBIB
moìócs gc eujbkosjh, quc jc cksokhu b bjbr bs cstrcmbs c hs `hjctbs, c quc fâ khs jcus sctc bkhs gc vogb, jc nbmhu shirc h Kb`ohkbmosjh, `hjh b gozcr, tbm qubm nho goth bh khssh Grujjhkg, ”vbo, flmeh, scr lbu`ec kb kb vogb...‚ Ruc cu phssb tbjiïj, govogo-mb `hj hs quc thjibrbj prb quc ujb khotc gc moicrgbgc tàh ihkotb `hjh cstb, bquo b`hktc`cssc, `hj Eujicrth @éjbrb Kcth, uj fhvcj scquohsh gc fustoìb, `hj h Qbgrc Eckroquc Qcrcorb Qcrcorb Kcth, uj jckokh-sb`crghtc, quc phr cstbs cstrbkebs ghirbs ghirbs gh gcstokh, ebvcrob ebvcrob gc scr jbrtorozbgh kbs `cr`bkobs gb Nb`umgbgc gc Jcgo`okb, jbm sbickgh hs scus bmlhzcs, kh shmh nïrtom gc ujb Skovcrsogbgc. Jcus fhvcks `hmclbs, Oko`obj vh`æs ehfc, tbmvcz, b jbos icmb gbs prhflssó prhflssócs, cs, phos quc tcj `hjh scu hifctovh ömtojh b prcscrvbìàh gb vogb eujbkb. C gobktc gc hpìàh tàh icmb, kàh phgcràh jbos gozcr ”cu flquco‚, kàh, ghrb ghrbvbkvbktc, vh`æs ojcrlcj kujb pboxàh scj `urb, scj rcthrkh, gc cxtrcjb flgcmogbgc, kujb pboxàh scj mojotcs, quc kàh væ phgcr, sbpoæk`ob, `hr, prh`cgæk`ob, scxh, ogbgc6 væ, tàh shjcktc, h scr eujbkh quc pbgc`c, quc `ehrb, quc rcsjuklb, quc sc ojpb`ocktb, quc gcmorb, h scr eujbkh quc sc csvbo. Ruc jcksblcj phgcrob cu gozcr-mec cj okê`oh tàh prhjosshr8 ^ckeh gc uj pbês, quc sc `hkstruêb, b pbrtor ghs g hs bkhs FD, shi ujb ckhrjc cspcrbkìb. H Irbsom gc cktàh crb ujb ojcksb nâiro`b gc ogïobs c gc `hkquostbs. B brquotctur brq uotcturbb gc Kocjcycr c b purczb gh nutcihm gc Lbrrok`eb ck`bktbvbj ck `bktbvbj h jukgh. Cj Qcrkbjiu`h, Qcrkbji u`h, flrjbvbsc b Cs`hmb gc Qbthmhlob gh Yc`onc c tokeb okê`oh b `orurlob `brgêb`b irbsomcorb. Iurmc Jbrx gcsckebvb hs scus jbos mokghs fbrgoks. Crb `hkstruêgb b PSGCKC phr @cmsh Nurtbgh, quc vorob b scr h jbohr c`hkhjostb gb Bjïro`b Mbtokb. Purlobj b phcsob gc Fhbquoj @brghsh c h tcbtr tcbtrhh gc Brobkh Pubssukb. Hs `bjphkcscs crbj rc`hkecrc`hkec-
H YBÌÀH
G C Q BYBKOKNH
29<< 29
`oghs `hjh `ogbgàhs pcmb projcorb vcz kb Eostðrob gh pbês. Nho cstc jukgh quc cu sckto, cj quc vovo, bh `eclbr bquo khs jcus 27 bkhs, vokgh gc ujb rcloàh tàh rcicmgc `hjh Qcrkbjiu`h, b rcloàh gh @broro `cbrcksc, `ufb ecrhêkb jbohr nho Iâribrb gc Bmck`br, pcrkbjiu`bkb gc Cxu, scvcrbjcktc pukogb phr sc ok`hrphrbr bh jhvojckth moicrtâroh gc Nrco @bkc`b. Gc jhgh bmluj crb h jukgh ogcbm, jbs hs gcncoths gc ujb sh`ocgbgc quc lubrgbvb cstoljbs ncugbos, hrolokârohs gbs @bpotbkobs Ecrcgotârobs, crbj gos`utoghs bjpmbjcktc, cj `mojb gc moicrgbgc, phr thghs, scj oklcræk`ob cstrbklcorb. Crb phssêvcm vosmujirbr uj pbês quc tbmvcz nhssc, umtcrohrjcktc, uj jhgcmh pbrb b Bjïro`b Mbtokb. Ï `mbrh quc b oktcrrupìàh pcmb nhrìb jomotbr gcssb `hkstruìàh tàh ihkotb ck`hktrbrob cj kðs, hs fhvcks gb ïph`b, ujb nhrtc c icmb rcsostæk`ob, kðs quc `hkstotuêjhs, tbmvcz, b lcrbìàh jbos lckcrhsb gh sï`umh 91. Kbs rubs gh Yc`on Yc`onc, c, `mbjbkgh phr moicrgbgc, shnrckgh shnrckgh oktcksb c oknbjc pcrscluoìàh, khs ok`hrphrbjhs, gcflkotovbjcktc, á Eostðrob gc Qcrkbjiu`h. Kàh nhjhs gcrrhtbghs, phrquc hs shkehs kàh sàh shtcrrbghs6 `hktokuh `hktokuh b b`rcgotbr quc ujb sh`ocgbgc fustb c olubmotârob ï h hifctovh jbohr gb Eostðrob. Khs bkhs ?1, jcr`æ gb gcrrh`bgb gh Ph`obmosjh rcbm ‐ kàh gh ogcbm sh`obmostb quc pcrtck`c bh shkeh gh ehjcj ‐ c gb lrb lrbvc vc `rosc quc btrbvcssb h @bpotbmosjh, `rob-sc h Kchmoicrbmosjh, sbugbgh `hjh h flj gb Eostðrob6 blhrb, thgb b eujbkogbgc pbssb b scr rclogb pcmh `bpotbm oktcrkb`ohkbm, gc jbtroz khrtc-bjcro`bkb, rc`ubkgh h Cstbgh gb sub nukìàh rclumbghrb ghs `hkoths sh`obos c prhjhthrb gb sbögc c cgu`bìàh, c cktrclbkgh-b bh Jcr`bgh, vbmc gozcr, cktrc hutrhs, b sbögc c cgu`bìàh gcoxbj gc scr uj gorcoth nukgbjcktbm gh scr eujbkh. Kcstb mðlo`b pcrvcrsb, h `hjiustêvcm `hjiustêvcm pbssb b scr h mu`rh, b sub flmhshflb b sh`ocgbgc gh cspctâ`umh, h `bpotbm ï bmìbgh b ujb phsoìàh qubsc govokb. Hs quc kàh b`cotbj cssb phmêto`b suo`ogb sàh `eb-
295
ÂL S B I YBIB
jbghs ”kchihihs hu nrb`bsshjbkêb`hs‚. Hs Cstbghs Skoghs gb Bjïro`b phgcj scr kb`ohkbmostbs, hs pbêscs pcronïro`hs, kàh. Qbrb bmluks ghkhs gh gokecorh, `hjh Lchrlc Phrhs, hs irbsomcorhs fâ kàh phgcjhs cs`hmecr movrcjcktc h khssh Qrcsogcktc, tbm gc`osàh `bic b \bseoklthk, `hjpctc b kðs, tàh shjcktc, b`btâ-mb. Kh cktbkth, kàh scrâ kuk`b cstc h khssh gcstokh. Eâ 2311 bkhs hs khsshs bk`cstrbos okgêlckbs fâ prh`urbvbj ujb ”tcrrb scj jbmcs‚, qubkgh `hkstruêrbj `hks truêrbj ujb cstrbgb cstrcotb, quc qu c vbo gh mothrbm sbktostb b @uz`h, kh Qcru, `bjokeh quc `ebjbvbj Qcbioru. H bkscoh phr moicrgbgc ghs kclrhs hrolokhu hs jhvojckths gc rcicmgob mogcrbghs cktrc kðs phr Vujio ghs Qbmjbrcs. Kàh kbs`cjhs pbrb b cs`rbvogàh, `hrrc cj khssh sbkluc h ogcbm gc fustoìb c moicrgbgc. C fâ huvojhs h jcsjh `mbjhr cj thgb b Bjïro`b Mbtokb. Jcus qucroghs `hk`muokt `hk`muoktcs, cs, Ruc ojphrték`ob tcj tugh osth bh cxcr cxcr`ê`oh `ê`oh gb Jcgo`okb khs gobs gc ehfc8 Gcz bkhs bpðs b lmhibmozbìàh `bpotbmostb h quc vcjhs8 Kàh histbktc h movrc b`cssh â oknhrjbìàh oknhrjbì àh c á moicrgbgc gc g c scr, c b gos`rctb jcmehrb gc bmluks okgo`bghrcs sh`obos, cj khssb ârcb gc btubìàh rcssurlcj rcssur lcj ghckìbs quc scqucr cstugârbjhs, phos quc okcxostcktcs gurbktc b vogb cs`hmbr ‐ gckluc, `ðmcrb, ncirc bjbrcmb. Qcrjbkc`c qubsc okth`bgb b trbksoìàh cpogcjohmðlo`b tbrgob cj khssh pbês, pcmb qubm bs phpumbìócs jbrlokbmozbgbs ghs lrbkgcs `cktrhs uribkhs `hktokubj pbgc`ckgh gbs eostðro`bs jhmïstobs okcrcktcs á cs`bsscz, blhrb shjbgbs ás gc kbturczb `r÷ko`h-gclckcrbtovb, prðprobs ghs pboscs jbos ro`hs. Hs ehspotbos pöimo`hs ukovcrsotârohs, ok`muokgh h khssh, pbgc`cj thgb shrtc gc provbìócs, `hj lrbvêssojh prcfuêzh á nhrjbìàh ghs bmukhs c bh trbtbjckth gbs ghckìbs ghs jbos phircs. C, vh`æs sbicj, scj ujb Skovcrsogbgc nhrtc kàh eâ shicrbkob.
H YBÌÀH
G C Q BYBKOKNH
29?? 29
Bpbrc`c ujb vohmæk`ob kuk`b vostb kb khssb Eostðrob, jbos quc cmb, Bpbrc`c b sub ibkbmozbìàh, ehfc sc jbtbkgh phr qubmqucr q ubmqucr jhtovh6 gc rbêzcs jömtopmbs, sclurbjcktc tbm vohmæk`ob cktrc kðs ck`hktrb ncrtomogbgc kh gcscjprclh, quc btoklc 92% gb phpumbìàh c`hkhjo`bjcktc c`hkhjo`bjcktc btovb, c kb cx`musàh sh`obm, quc jbktïj 30 jomeócs gc orjàhs khsshs kb cs`urogàh gb nhjc c gb josïrob. Ehfc, fâ kàh phgcjhs bkgbr cj pbz kbs rubs gh Yc`onc, rubs quc nhrbj `bktbgbs phr Jbkhcm Ibkgcorb, vh`æs sc rc`hrgbj ‐” rub gb Skoàh... @hjh crbj mokghs hs khjcs gbs rubs gb jokeb oknék`ob, rub gh Phm... rub gb g b Pbugbgc ...‚ Purlcj cj vârohs pbêscs, c kh Irbsom tbjiïj, fhvcks `ebjbghs gc ”bjhu`hs‚, quc thjbghs phr ujb nörob cksbkgc`ogb, sbcj jbtbkgh qucj ck`hktrbj c b so prðprohs, `hjh rhi÷s nhrb gc `hktrhmc. Qbrb h sh`oðmhlh bmcjàh Yhicrt Durz, csscs fhvcks, bibkghkbghs bh vbzoh jctbnêso`h gh @bpotbm, sc thrkbj okgoncrcktcs `hj thghs hs hutrhs, c cssb okgoncrckìb sc vhmtb bh prðproh cu. Kcstc jhgcmh gc sh`ocgbgc h scr eujbkh ï bssoj, ”`hosofl`bgh‚, sc ï phssêvcm b cxprcssàh. H jïgo`h cj jukgh tàh gonê`om pbssb b tcr ujb ojphrték`ob `ru`obm. Gc uj mbgh, eâ uj prhfcth kb`ohkbm b rc`hkstruor, phos quc h cxcr`ê`oh gb Jcgo`okb cxolc uj bjiocktc prhnukgbjcktc ïto`h, h quc ï qubsc ojphssêvcm shi h Kchmoicrbmosjh. Gc hutrh, eâ nbmtb gc shmogbrocgbgc, gh scktor cj `bgb ghcktc quc ck`hktrcj, gh jbos `brcktc, shirctugh, kàh bpckbs uj scr eujbkh quc kc`cssotb gc bjpbrh, jbs kcmc b`ebr uj jhjckth öko`h gb `hkstruìàh gh sbicr c gb pcrshkbmogbgc. B pbmbvrb nukgbjcktbm pbrb h jïgo`h gh bkh 9119 ï h ck`hktrh gc jàhs, c h scr shmogâroh, btï phrquc h jhgcmh phmêto`h volcktc ï phr gcjbos okgovogubmostb.
201
ÂL S B I YBIB
Huìbj h quc khs goz Fhrlc Muoz Ihrlcs, h lrbkgc cs`rothr brlcktokh6 ”Hs phcktcs c bs lcrbìócs, Hs gobs c kckeuj nho h projcorh, H hmeh gc`onrbkgh b pckujirb, H bjhr ghs mhihs kh bjbkec`cr b jbkec`cr,, B thrrc gc Ibicm c b shicrib, Bs okflkgâvcos brcobs gh Lbklcs, H tcjph `or`umbr ghs cstho`hs, H xbgrcz c b âmlcirb ghs Qcr Qcrsbs, sbs, Hs rbstrhs gbs lrbkgcs jolrbìócs, B ius`b ok`cssbktc. H jbr bicrth, @bgb rcjhrsh c `bgb mâlrojb. Whgbs cssbs `hosbs nhrbj kc`cssârobs, kc `cssârobs, Qbrbb quc khssbs jàhs pugcsscj sc ck`hktrbr‚ Qbr
Cu mecs golh, kcstc jhjckth tàh ihkoth gbs subs vogbs, quc kh jcu `hrbìàh ibtcj hs jcsjhs scktojckths gbqucmc lbrhth gc 27 bkhs, quc sc ck`bktb ck`bktbvb vb `hj h jukgh quc crb `hkstruêgh, uj jukgh shmogâroh c fusth. Bkgcj phr `bjokehs gc `hrblcj c gc vbmhr, jbktckebj hs scus ogcbos jbos purhs, mutcj `hktrb thgb nhrjb gc hprcssàh. Kàh cstbjhs kh flj gb Eostðrob, juoth bh `hktrâroh, `rcobj, ujb khvb `ovomozbìàh cstâ b `bjokeh. C mcjircj-sc quc h su`cssh kàh sc jcgc pcmh gokecorh, jbs, shirctugh, pcmh bth `robghr. C quc uj ehjcj scj shkehs, scj uthpobs, ï uj ehjcj trostc. Pc bssoj flzcrcj, scràh ehjcks c jumecrcs ncmozcs, ncmozcs, c hs scus flmehs tcràh hrlumeh gc vh`æs. C cktàh, kh nuturh, `bgb uj gc vh`æs phgcrâ gozcr, bh êktojh gc so6 vck`o! Cu b`rcgoth cj vh`æs. Ruc Gcus hs prhtcfb. Juoth hirolbgh.
