CLINICAL CORRELATIONS IN CLINICAL MICROSCOPY LEMAR REVIEW HUB PREPARED PREP ARED BY BY:: MAXIM MAXIMO, O, RMT
[email protected]
URINARY SYSTEM:
URINARY SYSTEM:
KIDNEYS:
NEPHRONS: BASIC UNIT OF THE KIDNEYS
DISEASES: (GLOMERULUS) !
ACUTE STREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
!
RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE (CRESCENTIC) GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
!
GOOD PASTURE SYNDROME
!
WEGENER GRANUlOMATOSUS
!
HENOCH – SCHOLEIN PURPURA
!
MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
!
MEMBRANO PROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
!
CHRONIC NEPHRITIS
!
IGA NEPHROPATHY
!
MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE
!
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
!
FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS
DISEASES: (TUBULAR) !
ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS
!
FANCONI SYNDROME
!
RENAL GLUCOSURIA
!
ALPORT SYNDROME
INTERSTITIAL DISORDER URINARY TRACT INFECTION CYSTITIS ACUTE / CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS ACUTE INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
RENAL FAILURE RENAL LITHIASIS
URINE: ULTRAFILTRATE OF PLASMA SP. GRAVITY OF 1.010
URINE AND ITS COMPOSITION !
URINE VOLUME
NORMAL:__________ OLIGURIA: STATE OF DEHYDRATION(VOMITING, SEVERE BURNS, PERSPIRATION) ANURIA: SERIOUS DAMAGE TO THE KIDNEYS OF DECREASE BLOOD FLOW POLYURIA: DIABETES (INSIPIDUS,MELLITUS), DIURETICS OF CAFFEINE NOCTURIA: INCREASED NOCTURNAL EXCRETION
NOTE: UNPRESERVED URINE INCREASES:_____________
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
CAST AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
NORMAL
ABNORMAL
METABOLIC DISORDERS (It will be discuss in cm rationalization)
CSF = CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
TUBE 1 = TUBE 2 = TUBE 3 = TUBE 4 = THE SPECIMEN CAN BE MAINTAINED IN THE FOLLOWING MANNER TUBE TUBE TUBE TUBE
1 2 3 4
= = = =
INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE VS TRAUMATIC TAP INTRACRANIAL GROSS APPEARANCE DISTRIBUTION OF RBC CLOT FORMATION
TRAUMATIC
SEMEN
MUST KNOWS FACTS: !
1.) failure to liquify within 60 mins may suggest:________________
!
2.) ____ caused abnormalities in seminal vesicles, bilateral congenital absence of the vas deferens, obstruction of ejacultaory duct and androgen deficiency.
!
3.) Increase ph :__________
!
4.) Decrease ph:__________
!
5.) ________ may cause the sperm head to bend back and interfere with motility
!
6.) __________ are frequently doubles, coiled and bent
!
7.) Greater than 1 milllion WBC per milliliter per ejaculate:________
!
8.) Presence of a large proportion of vital but immobile cells may indicate:___
!
9.) High number of immotile and nonviable cells may indicate:______
!
10.) Normal Sperm Volume:__________ !
Increase vo lume suggest :__________
!
Decrease vo lume suggest :__________
SYNOVIAL FLUID
GOUT VS. PSEUDOGOUT
SEROUS FLUID (3 P’S) !
EXUDATES VS. TRANSUDATES
AMNIOTIC FLUID (OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS VS. POLYHYDRAMNIOS)
