TOEFL FOR LISTENING Skill 1: focus on the last line The short dialogues involve conversation between two people, each followed by a question. It is important to understand that the answer to this type of question is most often (but not always!) found in the last line of the conversation.
Strategy focus on the last line a. The last last line of of the dialogu dialoguee probably probably contains contains the answer answer to the question question b. "isten to the first line of the dialogue. If you understand it, tha#s tha#s good. If you you don#t understand it don#t worry because it probably does not contain the answer c. $e ready to focus focus on the last line line of the dialogue dialogue because because it probably probably contains contains the answer answer.. %epeat %epeat the last line in your mind as you read through the answer in the te&t. 'n the recording, you hear (man) Billy (man) Billy really made a big mistake this time, time, (woman) yes, (woman) yes, he forgot to turn turn in his research paper . (narrator) what does the woman say about Billy? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read ()It was the first time he made a mistae. ($) *e forgot to write his paper. (+) *e turned in the paper paper in the wrong place. ()*e didn#t remember to submit his assignment.
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()*e is leaving now ($) *e has to go out out of his way (+) *e will not be leaving leaving soon ()*e will do it his own way . () () he loc loced ed the the doo door r ($) *e tried unsuccessfully unsuccessfully to get into the house (+) *e was able to open open the door door ()*e left the house without locing the door 0 () () She She doe doesn sn#t #t lie lie to list listen en to tureys ($) She thins thins the dinner sounds special (+) She especially especially lies the roast roast turey ()She#d prefer a different dinner.
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() () *e#ll *e#ll be be busy busy wit with h her her home homewo wor r ton tonig ight ht ($) *e can#t help her her tonight (+) *e#s sorry he can#t ever help her ()*e#ll help her with her physics () *e *er eyes hurt ($) She thought thought the lecture was great (+) The class was boring boring ()She didn#t want to watch professor martin () () 2ot 2ot all all the the bill billss hav havee bee been n paid paid ($) They don#t have enough enough credit to pay the bills (+) 3hat she said on the the phone was not credible ()*e used a credit card to pay some of the bills
Skill 2: choose answer with synonyms a. s you listen listen to the the last line line of the dialogu dialogue, e, focus on on the ey words in that line. line. b. If you see any synonym for ey words in a particular answer, then you you have probably found the correct answer.
'n the recording, you hear 1
(woman) why is Barbara feeling so happy? (man) she (man) she just started working in a real estate agency. agency. (narrator) what does the man say about Barbara? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read ()She always lied her wor in real estate. ($) She began began a new 4ob. (+) She 4ust bought bought some real estate. ()She bought a real estate agency. .
() () The fin final e&am e&am was was har harde derr tha than n others ($) There were two e&ams e&ams rather than one (+) *e thought the e&am would would be easier ()The e&am was not very difficult . ()*e#s ()*e#s not not feel feelin ing g very very well well ($) *e#s rather sic of woring woring (+) *e#s feeling better today than yesterday ()*e#d really rather not answer the question 0 () () The The comp compan any y was was fou found nded ed abo about ut a year ago ($) It was 4ust established established that he could go into business (+) The family is well5establish well5established ed ()The business only lasted a year.
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() () *e did did not not loo loo at the the right right sch sched edul ulee ($) The plane landed in the right place (+) The plane plane arrive on time time ()*e had to wait for the plane to land
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()She ()She#d #d rath rather er go run runnin ning ($) She doesn#t want to go into the pool (+) She#ll change clothes quicly and go swimming ()She needs a sweat suit to go running
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() () The The fir firefi efigh ghter ter save saved d the the hom homes es for for last last ($) firefighter saved the hillside last night (+) The homes on on the hillside were burned ()The houses weren#t destroyed.
Skill : !"oi# Similar Soun#s
'ften the incorrect answers in the short dialogues are answers that contain words with similar sounds but very different meanings from what you hear on the recording. 6ou 6ou should definitely avoid these answers. a. Identi Identify fy ey words words in the the last line line of the the dialogu dialogue. e. b. Identify words in the answer that contain similar sounds, and do not choose these answer. 'n the recording, you hear (man) why couldn’t mark come with us? (woman) he was searching for a new apartment. (narrator) what does the man say about Mark? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read ()*e was in the department office. ($) *e was looing for a place to live. (+) *e was woring on his research pro4ect. ()*e had an appointment at church. .
() () She She has has to wait wait for for so some cash cash.. -. ($) The waiter waiter is bringing a glass of water
() () *e tho thoug ught ht the the les lesso son n didn didn#t #t matt matter er.. ($) *e couldn#t learn the lesson. (+) *e learned a massive number number of details 2
(+) The lawn is too dry. ()She needs to watch out for a crash. . ()The sweater#s the wrong si7e ($) The man#s feet aren#t sweating (+) The sweater maes the man seem fat. ()The sweet girl doesn#t feel right 0 () *e has been regularly using a computer ($) *e communicates with a $oston company. (+) *e regularly goes to communities around $oston. ()*e has been traveling bac and forth to $oston.
()*e didn#t lie most of the lesson.
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() Some animals started the first fire. ($) nimals are illed by forest fires. (+) In the first frost, animals die. ()8rost can ill animals.
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() Twenty pairs of shoes are on sale. ($) The shoes salescler spent twenty dollars on pears. (+) The shoes cost twenty dollars. ()The shoes could be repaired for twenty dollars.
Skill $: #raw conclusions a%out who& what& where It is common for you to be ased to draw one of the following conclusions in the short dialogues a. 3*' is probably taling9 b. 3*T will s:he probably do ne&t9 c. 3*;%; does the dialogue probable tae place9
'n the recording, you hear (woman) can you tell me what assignment I missed when I was absent from your class? (man) you missed one homework assignment and a qui. (narrator) who is the man? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read (;) newspaper editor. (8) police officer. (<) teacher. (*) student. .
() In a photography studio ($) In a biology laboratory (+) In an office () In the library . ()*e#s a pilot ($) *e#s a flight attendant (+) *e#s a member of the ground crew () *e wors clearing land 0 () 3ash the dishes immediately ($) =se as many dishes as possible (+) 3ash the dishes for as long as possible ()3ait until later to clean up.
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() In a ban ($) In a restaurant (+) t a service station ()In a beauty salon () salescler in a shoe store ($) shoe repairperson (+) party caterer () salescler in fi&tures department ()'n a playground ($) In a paring lot (+) t a 7oo ()In a photo studio.
Skill ': Listen for ()O an# ()!T in *assi"e 3
a. If the dialogue contains a passive statement, the answer to the question is often an active statement. b. If the dialogue contains an active statement, the answer to the question is often an passive statement. 'n the recording, you hear (man) did sally go to the bank this morning? (woman) yes, she did. !he got a new checking account. (narrator) what does the woman imply? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read ()Sally wrote several checs. ($) Sally wanted to chec up on the ban. (+) new checing account was opened. ()Sally checed on the balance in her account. .
() If the restaurant is on the corner -. ($) If the man would lie to go to the restaurant (+) If the vegetables are fresh ()If vegetarian food can be obtained . ()*e admitted that he wanted to go / to law school in the fall. ($) The law school accepted him as a student. (+) The law professor admitted that he would be a student in the fall semester. ()*e would be admitted to law school after the fall semester. 0 () >ar#s plants were cared for in 1 his absence. ($) >ar#s plans were cared for in his absence. (+) >ar was careful about his plans for the out5of5town trip. () She was careful while mar was gone.
() The lights in the trees were destroyed in the storm. ($) The storm damaged the trees (+) The falling trees destroyed a store. ()In the light the destruction of the storm could be seen. ()She was broe from siing ($) She went siing in spite of her accident (+) *er leg was hurt on a siing trip ()*er sies were broen in the mountains.
() The road the horses too was long and hard. ($) It was hard to find the hidden houses (+) The riders wored the horses too much ()It was hard for people to ride the horses for long.
Skill +: Listen for ()O an# ()!T with multi*le nouns 3hen there are multiple nouns in a sentence, it is common for the answers o confuse which noun does what. 'n the recording, you hear
(man) did you know who is in the band now? (woman) I heard that Mara replaced "obert in the band. (narrator) what does the woman say about the band? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read ()%obert became a new member of the band. 4
($) %obert too >ara#s place in the band. (+) >ara didn#t have a place in the band. ()>ara too %obert#s place in the band. .
() The passenger waited at the corner ($) The passenger looed for a ta&i at the corner (+) The cab driver waited for the passenger ()The passenger cornered the waiting ta&i driver . ()It was hard for her to hear ?ane last night. ($) ?ane gave a harp recital last night (+) ?ane was playing hard while she was hurt. ()She played the harp last night for ?ane.
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() The man taught his son about football. ($) The boy is receiving the ball from his dad. (+) The ball is being tossed into the air by the boy. ()The man is playing with the ball in the sun.
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() The student were told to go listen to the speaer ($) The professor attended that evening#s lecture (+) The students were given directions to the lecture ()The professor was directed to the lecture hall. () The manager went to the supply room. ($) The cler set supplies on the floor. (+) The cler went to the supply room at the manager#s request ()The cler baced into the manager in the supply room.
()The baby sister went to bed quite early. ($) The children were forced to go to bed early. (+) The baby sitter made the bed after the children got up. ()The baby sitter did not stay up late.
Skill ,: Listen for ne-ati"e e.*ressions T/0ES OF NEG!TIES E0RESSIONS ;&pression ;&le +orrect nswer %egular negative not or n#t Tom is not sad about the 2ot sad@happy results. 'ther negatives nobody, no 2obody arrived on time. 2obody. .. . .on time@ late one, nothing, never Sal never wored hard. 2ever wors hard@ la7y
2egative prefi&es un5,in5dis5
The patient was insane
Insane @not sane@cra7y
'n the recording, you hear (man) #ow did they go to their grandmother’s house in Maine in only fi$e hours? % woman) they didn’t dri$e slowly on the trip to Maine. (narrator) what does the woman say about the trip? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read ()They drove rather quicly. ($) They couldn#t have driven more slowly. (+) They wanted to travel slowly to >aine. 5
()They didn#t drive to >aine. .
()She is very busy ($) She has lots of free time (+) It is not necessary to tae out the trash ()She will do it if she has time . ()The interview is very important. ($) *e is worried about the interview. (+) 3hat he#s wearing to the interview is important. ()*e is not concerned about the interview. 0 () *e has almost all the notes. ($) *is attendance was perfect. (+) *e went to all the lectures but one. ()*e missed more than one psychology class.
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() The passed the library at A1AA. ($) The library opens at 1AA in the summer (+) The library closes at 1AA. ()6ou can#t chec out more than si& boos in the summer. ()3ater the plants once a day ($)
Skill 3: Listen for #ou%le ne-ati"e e.*ressions
It is possible for two negative ideas to appear in one sentence, and the result can be quite confusing.
Situation 2egative word (e.g. not, no, none) and a negative prefi& (e.g., in5, un5, dis5) Two negative verbs
2either or not . . . . . . either
4O56LE NEG!TIE ;&le *e didn#t lie the unclean office.
>eaning id not lie unclean office@ lied clean office sad
It isn#t snowing, so they aren#t going to the mountains.
Implies that they would go if it were snowing
Sue didn#t lie the movie, and neither did mar.
$oth did not lie the movie
'n the recording, you hear (man) I can’t belie$e the news that I heard about the concert. (woman) well, it isn’t impossible for the concert to take place. (narrator) what does the woman say about the concert? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read ()There#s no possibility that the concert will tae place. ($) The concert will definitely not tae place. 6
(+) The concert might tae place. ()The concert can#t tae place.
Skill 7: Listen for 8almost ne-ati"e9 e.*ressions O;;ON !L;OST NEG!TIE E0RESSIONS >eaning ;&pression ;&le lmost none *ardly, barely, scarcely, only There is hardly any food in the refrigerator lmost never %arely, seldom *e rarely drives to wor
'n the recording, you hear (woman) were able to pay the electric bill? (man) I had barely enough money. (narrator) what does the man imply? 7
In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read ()*e had plenty of money for the bill. ($) *e did not have enough money for the bill. (+) *e paid the bill but has no money left. ()*e was unable to pay the bill.
Skill 1<: Listen for ne-ati"e with com*arati"e
+omparative >ore 5er
O;0!R!TIES (IT) NEG!TIES ;&le >eaning 2o one is more beautiful than She is the most beautiful. she is. *e couldn#t be happier. *e is e&tremely happy.
'n the recording, you hear (woman) what do you think of the new student in math class? (man) no one is more intelligent than she is. (narrator) what does the man say about the new student? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read 8
()She is not very smart. ($) *e is smarter than she is. (+) 'ther students are smarter than she is. ()She is the smartest student in the class.
Skill 11: Listen for e.*ressions of a-reement E0RESSIONS OF !GREE;ENT greement with positive statements greement with negative statement
So do I. >e, too. I#ll say! Isn#t it! 6ou can say that again!
2either do I. I don#t either.
'n the recording, you hear (man) I think that the hypothesis is indefensible? (woman) so do I. 9
(narrator) what does the woman mean? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read ()She is unsure about the hypothesis ($) The hippopotamus is behind the fence. (+) She thins that the hypothesis can be defended. ()She agrees with the man.
Skill 12: Listen for e.*ressions of uncertainty an# su--estion E0RESSIONS OF 5NERT!INT/ !N4 S5GGESTION uncertainty suggestion . . . . isn#t it (tag)9 3hy not . . . . 9 s far as I now. "et#s . . . . s far as I can tell.
'n the recording, you hear (man) do you know anything about the final e&am physics? (woman) it’s going to rather difficult, isn’t it?. (narrator) what does the woman mean? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read ()The e&am is not going to be too difficult. ($) She is positive that it#s going to be hard. (+) She thins that it might be hard. ()She has no idea about the e&am.
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Skill 1: Listen for em*hatic e.*ressions of sur*rise
verb $e >odal Bresent tense
Bast tense Berfect tense
E0RESSIONS OF E;0)!TI S5R0RISE ;mphatic 8orm ;&le >eaning $e, with emphasis Then he is here I thought he was not here >odal, with emphasis Then you can go I thought you could not go o(es), with emphasis Then you do play I thought you did not play tennis! tennis.
id, with emphasis *ave, with emphasis
Then she did read it. Then he has gone there.
I thought she had not read it. I thought he had not gone there.
'n the recording, you hear (woman) did you see paul dri$ing around in his mustang? (man) then he 'I' get a new car. (narrator) what had the man thought? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read ()Baul would definitely get a mustang. ($) Baul did not now how to drive. (+) Baul did not lie mustangs. ()Baul would not get a new car.
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ontrary meaninSkill 1$: Listen for wishes =E/ INFOR;!TION !6O5T (IS)ES Boint ;&le >eaning 5 an affirmative wish I wish I had time to help. @ no time to help implies a negative reality 5 a negative wish implies I wish I did not have time to @ time to help an affirmative reality help 5 past tense verb implies I wish he were at home. @ is not at home a present reality 5 past perfect tense verb I wish he had been at home. @was not at home implies a past reality
'n the recording, you hear (woman) it’s too bad that you ha$e to stay here and work during the school break. (man) I really wish I could go with you and others to (alm !prings. (narrator) what does the man imply? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read ()>aybe he will go with the others on the trip. ($) *e is unable to go on the trip. (+) *e#s happy to be going on the trip. ()*e#s going on the trip, but not with the others.
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Skill 1': Listen for untrue con#ition
5 5
5 5 5
=E/ INFOR;!TION !6O5T 5NTR5E ON4ITIONS Boint ;&le >eaning an affirmative condition If she were at home, she @ not at home implies a negative reality could do it. a negative condition If she weren#t at home, she @ at home implies an affirmative could do it. reality
past tense implies a present reality past perfect tense verb implies a past reality *ad can be used without if.
If I had money, I would buy it. If I had had money, I would have bought it. *ad I had money, I would have bought it.
@ do not have money @ did not have money @ did not have money
'n the recording, you hear (man) do you think you’ll be able to go to the party? (woman) if I had time, I would go. (narrator) what does the woman say about the party? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read ()>aybe she#ll go. ($) She has time, so she#ll go. (+) She is going even if she doesn#t have time. ()It#s impossible to go. Skill 1+: Listen for two an# three *art "er%s
Two and three part verbs appear is some questions in the short dialogues. These verbs are e&pression that includes a verb and one or more particles (such as in, on, or at) the particle changes the meaning of the verb. Cuestions involving two and three part verb can be difficult for students because the addition of the particle changes the meaning of the verb in an idiomatic way.
'n the recording, you hear (man) what time does the meeting start? (woman) didn’t you hear that it was called off by the director. 13
(narrator) what does the woman say about the meeting? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read ()The director called a meeting. ($) The director phoned her about the meeting. (+) The director called the meeting to order. ()The director canceled the meeting.
Skill 1,: Listen for i#ioms
Idiom appears in some questions in the short dialogues. Idioms are special e&pressions in a language that all speaers of the language nowD these special e&pressions describe one situation in life but are applied to many different areas of life. Idiom questions can be different for students because they seem to be describing one situation when they are really describing a different situation. 'n the recording, you hear (man) )om is a full*time student and is holding down a full time job. (woman) he’s really burning the candle at a both ends. (narrator) what does the woman say about )om? In your test boo or on the computer screen, you read ()*e#s lighting a candle. ($) *e#s holding the candle at the top and the bottom. (+) *e#s doing too much. ()*e#s woring as a firefighter.
Lon- con"ersation an# short talk
Skill 13: !ntici*ate the to*ics It is very helpful to your overall comprehension if you now what topics to e&pect in the long tals. 6ou should therefore try to anticipate the topics that you will be hearing ().for e&le, are the tals about merican history, or literature, or some aspect of school life9 helpful strategy is therefore to loo briefly at the answers in the test boo, before you actually hear the tals on the recording, and tray to determine the topics of the tals that you will hear. Skill 17: !ntici*ate the >uestions It is very helpful to your ability to answer individual questions with the long tals if you can anticipate what the question will be and listen specifically for the answers to those questions (as you did with long conversations). Skill 2<: #etermine the to*ic s you listen to each long tal, you should be thining about the topic (sub4ect) or main idea for tal (as you did with long conversations). Since the first sentence is generally a topic sentence, you should be asing yourself what the topic is while you are listening carefully to the first part of the tal. Skill 21: #raw conclusion a%out who& what& when& where s you listen to each long tal, you should be trying to set the situation in your mind (as you did with long conversations). 6ou should be thining the following thoughts 14
3ho is taling9 3hen does the tal probably tae place9 3here does the tal probably tae place9 3hat course is the tal concerned with9 3hat is the source of information for the tal9
Skill 2,: listen for answers in or#er There are two possible methods to use while you listen to the tals. 5 6ou can 4ust listen to the tal (and ignore the answers) 5 6ou can follow along with the answers while you listen. 5 Some students prefer to 4ust listen to the tal while it is being spoen, and if that method wors well for you, then that is what you should do. 'ther students find that they can answer more questions correctly if they read along with the answers while the tal is being given. $ecause the detail questions are answered in order, it is possible to read along while you listen to the tal on the recording. e.ercise 11
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SETION 1 LISTENING O;0RE)ENSION Tune?a**ro.imately ' minutes @Inclu#in- the rea#in- of the #irections for each *artA
In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand conversations and tals in ;nglish. There are three parts to this section, with special directions for each part. nswer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speaers you hear. o not tae notes or write in your test boo at any time. o not turn the pages until you are told to do so. 0art ! 4irections: In Bart you will hear short conversations between two people. fter each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be repeated. fter you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test boo and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
*ere is an e&le. 'n the recording, you will hear (man) )hat e&am was just awful. (woman) +h, it could ha$e been worse. (narrator) hat does the woman mean? In your test boo, you will read (). The e&am was really awful. ($). It was the worst e&am she had ever seen. (+). It couldn#t have been more difficult. (). It wasn#t that hard. 6ou learn from the conversation that the man thought the e&am was very difficult and that the woman disagreed with the man. The best answer to the question, E3hat does the woman mean9F is (), EIt wasn#t that hard.F Therefore, the correct choice is () . () *er concerns were e&pressed. ($) She wonders if the concert was good. (+) The music was fantastic. () She wandered about during the night.
0. () *e spends half his time with his aughter. ($) *is daughter#s under a year old. (+) *is daughter will start school in a year and a half. () *is daughter#s eighteen months old.
. () In a bus station. 16
($) In a post office. (+) In an airport. () In a travel agency. -. () *e#s on the basetball team. ($) *e doesn#t even lie to play basetball. (+) *e#s too short to mae the team. () *e thins he#s tall enough. /. () She#s thining about her grade in the seminar. ($) The seminar is quite realistic. (+) The seminar will tae a great deal of time. () She agrees with the man about the seminar. . () *e didn#t really get the highest grade. 1. () The location the meeting. ($) *e#s rather of intelligent. ($) The purpose of the meeting. (+) *e#s not done with the e&am. (+)() 3ho will attend meeting. *e#s not even the in the class. () The time the meeting starts. G. dinner later. A.() ()Breparing %esting for a few minutes. ($)
. () *is des is made of metal. ($) *e never meddles with his office worers. (+) *is des is on the right side of the office. () *e wors in the center of the office. 0. () "earning something about golf. ($) Taing fewer lessons than he has in the past. (+) "etting her play golf instead of him. () $uying
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0art 6 4irections: In this part of the test, you will hear longer conversations. fter each conversation, you will hear several questions. The conversations and questions will not be repeated. fter you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test boo and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. %emember, you are not allowed to tae notes or write in your test boo.
0. () new bicycle. ($) n ine&pensive bicycle. (+) fast bicycle. () stationary bicycle.
0/. () Blanning a trip. ($) +amping in the woods. (+) Butting up a tent. () "ooing at photos.
0. () half mile. ($) mile. (+) Two miles.
01. () It loos comfortable. ($) It doesn#t seem very big. (+) It loos funny. 18
() 8our miles.
() It#s full of fish.
00. () *e doesn#t lie it. ($) It doesn#t wor very well. (+) It#s broen. () *e got a new one.
0G. () Standing in a river. ($) Butting up a tent. (+) Sitting in front of the tent. () Swimming in the river.
0-. ()
0H. () "ots. ($) few. (+) 'ne. () 2one.
0art 4irections: In Bart + of this section, you will hear several tals. fter each tal, you will hear some questions. The tals and questions will not be repeated. fter you hear a question, you will read the four possible answers in your test boo and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
*ere is an e&le. 'n the recording, you will hear (narrator) -isten to an instructor talk to his class about painting. (man) rtist /rant ood was a guiding force in the school of painting known as merican regionalist, a style reflecting the distincti$e characteristics of art from rural areas of the 0nited !tates. ood began drawing animals on the family farm at the age of three, and when he was thirty*eight one of his paintings recei$ed a remarkable amount of public notice and acclaim. )his painting, called merican /othic, is a starkly simple depiction of a serious couple staring directly out at the $iewer. 2ow listen to a sample question. (narrator) hat style of painting is known as merican regionalist? In your test boo, you will read () rt from mericaJs inner cities. ($) rt from the central region of the =nited States. (+) rt from various urban areas in the =nited States. () rt from rural sections of merica. The best answer to the question, E3hat style of painting is nown as merican regionalist9F is (), Ert from rural sections of merica.F Therefore, the correct choice is (). 2ow listen to another sample question.
(narrator) hat is the name of ood’s most successful painting? In your test boo, you will read () merican "egionalist. ($) )he 1amily 1arm in Iowa. (+) merican /othic. () !erious 2ouple. The best answer to the question, E3hat is the name of 3ood#s most successful painting9F is (+), 19
merican
-/. () 8ive. ($) Ten. (+) Twenty5four. () Thirty5nine.
-A. () 'nly multiple choice. ($) Short and long essays. (+) Three short essays. () ;ssays and multiple choice.
-1. () It is open to visitors. ($) It is still in use as a prison. (+) It is closed to the public. () It contains few prisoners.
-. () *alf an hour. ($) 8ifty minutes. (+) n hour. () 2inety minutes.
-G. () rtificial plants. ($) Blants in plastic containers. (+) Blants that resemble plastic. () Blants that produce a usable substance.
-. () "isten to a lecture. ($) Study for the e&am. (+) %ead three chapters. () Tae an e&am.
-H. () It lasts longer. ($) It is more artificial. (+) It is easy to mae in a laboratory. () It is good for the environment.
-0. () in a 7oo. ($) 'n a boat. (+) In a prison. () In a lecture hall.
-. () It biodegrades slowly. ($) It ills plants. (+) Beople never throw it away. () It is not very strong.
--. () type of roc. ($) Spanish e&plorer. (+) prison in San 8rancisco. () ind of bird.
/A. () ;ngineering. ($) rt. (+) $otany. ()
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