Manual para la Elaboración y Transmisión del Mensaje en Campañas Electorales

@mftnj`k`jðn

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“`mn “` mnq qy ytzd tzdna nam m lk ad adfm fm`yk `yk`j `jk‖ k‖

Fkntkl pkyk lk dlkimyk yk` `jðn z qykn qyk nfj fjj jmn mn ad adl l

fdnked dn `k `kfp fpkû kûk k dl dld` d`qm qmykl ykld d

JNPQJQTQM NK@JMNKL ADFM@YKQK _KYK KPTNQMP JNQDYNK@JMNKLDP

N AJ NKQJMNKL ADFM@YKQJ@ JNPQJQTQD BMY JNQDYNKQJMNKL KBBKJYP

JNAJ@D

_YMLMCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. YDPTFDN ADL L KAYJLLM

Dl fd fdn nke ked d . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . JJ.ADPKYYMLLM Z DNQYDCK ADL FDNPKED

j ;

; 9

_dy _d ytk tkaj ajyy pky pkyk k ckn cknky ky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

@mnja @mn jadyk dyk`jm `jmnd nd pky pkyk k Jk dlk dlkimy imyk`j k`jmn mn adl adl fdn fdnke ked d .. .. .. .

0

½ [tê [tê d tn fd fdn nke ked d =. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4

Btnakfdnq Btnak fdnqm m adl fdnke fdnked5 d5 Dl-Lk Dl-Lk `knajakqm `knajakqm-k -k . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 _dybjl _dyb jl ad Jk dnqyd dnqydrjq rjqk k pdymnkl pdymnkl kl m k lk `knajakqm `knajakqm-k -k . . . . . . .

3

½ @ðfm @ðfm pdy pdyt tka kajy jy k lm lm dld` dld`qm qmyd yd = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Jnrdqjc Jnrd qjck`jðn k`jðn miyd miyd dl-lk `knajakq `knajakqm-k m-k z dl-lk mpmndnqd mpmndnqd . . . . . ;? Pmnadm Pmn adm (dn`t (dn`tdq dqk* k* jnrd jnrdqj qjck` ck`lðn lðn `tkn `tknqjq qjqkqj kqjrk rk . . . . . . . . .

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Cytpm Cy tpm bm`kld bm`kld ‑ jnrd jnrdqjc qjck`j k`jðn ðn `tklj `tkljqkq qkqjrk jrk . . . . . . . . . . . .

;0

Pdld`` Pdl d``jmn jmnkna knam m k ntdqy ntdqym m dld` dld`qmy qmyd d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

;1

Jnrdq Jnr dqjck jck`jð `jðn n miyd miyd lm fd fdajm ajm ad `mft `mftnj` nj`k`j k`jðn ðn . . . . . . .

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½ @ðfm @ðfm d` d`yj yjij ijyy dl fdn fdnk ked ed = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

;3

Dyymyd Dyy myd `mftnd `mftnd dn dl fdn fdnke ked d.....................

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JJJ. JJ J.@M @MFM FM HK HK@D @DY Y [T [TD D DL FD FDNP NPKE KED D BT BTN@ N@JM JMND ND . . ;:

Lk pyd Lk pydm` m`tp tpk` k`jm jmnd nd `mf `mfm m qdf qdfk k . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .

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@mnq @m nqym ymlk lkyy dl dl ajë ajëlm lmcm cm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9?

LK @KE @KEK K AD FD FDNP NPKE KED D AD QT QTLL LLZ Z...................

9?

½ @ðfm @ðfm d d jlt jltqy qyk k dl fdn fdnk ked ed = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

99

Fdn Fd nke ked d z aj aj`t `ty ym m..............................

94

Lk 0& A (qyd Lk (qyd ajfd ajfdn njm jmnd nd* * adl adl fdn fdnk ked ed . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

94

Ydlj Yd ljcj cjmn mn z fdn fdnk ked ed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

92

Aj` Aj `jp jplj ljnk nk adl adl fdn fdnk ked ed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

93

Dl fdn fdnk ked ed z Jk `kf `kfpk pkûk ûk ajk ajknk nk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

98

Adbdn Ad bdnajd ajdnam nam dl fd fdnk nked ed ad lk jnb jnbltd ltdn`j n`jk k ad ad lm lm kfj kfjcm cm . .

0?

@mn @m ntl tlqm qmyd yd adk adkqd qdnq nqm m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

09

Mqyk Mq yk @kf @kfpk pkûk ûk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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JR. @MN@LTPJMN

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_YMLMCM

Lk `mld``jðn “@mnqytzdnam Jk Adfm`yk`jk‖ ad fkntkld ad bmyf bm yfk` k`jð jðn n pm pmlJ lJqj qj`k `k,, {t {td d d pt ptil ilj` j`k k fd fdaj ajkn knqd qd tn d dbt btdy dyum um `mn`dyqkam adl @dnqym ad Dqtajm ad Jk Ydkljaka _kykctkzk (@DY_K (@D Y_K** z dl Nkq Nkqjmnk jmnkll Adf Adfm`y m`ykqj kqj` ` Jn Jnqjq qjqtqd tqd bmy Jnq Jnqdyn dynkqj kqjmnkl mnkl Kbbk Kb bkjy jy (N (NAJ AJ*, *, `m `mn n dJ kp kpmz mzm m ad Jk Kc Kcdn dn`j `jk k D Dqk qkam amtn tnja jadn dnd d pk pkyk yk dl Adk Ad kyy yymj mjlm lm Jn Jnqd qdyn ynk` k`jm jmnk nkll (T (TPK PKJA JA*7 *7 d `m `mfp fplk lk`d `d `m `mn n Jk pyddnq pyd dnqk`j k`jðn ðn adl LKA LKAYJL YJLLM LM 0.

Dl qdxqm myjcjnkl ad dqd fkqdyjkl, btd dlkimykam z amnkam pmy dl @mfjqê Nk`jmnkl adl _kyqjam Adfð`ykqk ad lm Dqkam Tnjam ad Kfdyj`k (AN@*, z btd jnqdypydqkam z kakpqkam pmy ftedyd z hmfiy hmf iyd d ad adll _k _kyq yqja jam m Lj Ljid idyk ykll Yk Ykaj aj`k `kll Kt Ktqê qênq nqj` j`m m ad adll _ky _kykc kctkz tkz..

Dl fdnked d dqyt`qtyk k pkyqjy ad tnk dyjd ad jnrdqjck`jmnd {td jnb jnbmyf myfkn kn Jk dq dqykq ykqdcj dcjk k `mf `mftnj tnj`k` `k`jmn jmnkl kl ad tnk `kf `kfpkû pkûk k dld`qmykl z {td d qykat`dn dn tnk jfkcdn m tnk jadk {td dl dld` dl d`qm qmyy qj qjdn dnd d dn fd fdnq nqd d dn dl fm fmfd fdnq nqm m ad ad adpm pmj jqk qkyy t rm rmqm qm..

Pj Ta Ta.. d `kn knaj ajak akqm qm--k, d dqqd fk fkqqdy dyjk jkll pt ptd dad kz kzta taky ky k {t {td d d dd d rm rmqm qm dk d k tz tzm. m.

@DY_K & NAJ

“@mn ft`hm `ël`tlm d ptdad cknky7 `mn pm`m nm. j@tënqk fdnm pmjijljakad ad rj`qmyjk qjdnd {tjdn nm hk`d njnctnm+‖ Ptn Qut

j

J. YDPTFDN ADL L KAYJLL M 0

DL FDNPKED

L

k dl dlki kimy myk` k`jð jðn n z qyk ykn nfj fjj jðn ðn ad adll fd fdn nke ked d m mn n lk `l `lkr krd d pk pkyk yk tnk `kfpkûk rj`qmyjmk. Tn fdnked ad `kfpkûk d lk ikd ad lk `mftnj`k`jðn, tnk dxpydjðn ad lk `mnrj``jmnd adl-ad lk `knajakqm-k z lm `mnqykqd ddn`jkld `mn dl mpmndnqd. Lm qdfk ad lk `kfpkûk mn lm qdfk z pmj pm j`j `jmn mnd d ad adll-ad ad lk `k `knaj najak akqm qm-k -k {td d dx dxpy pyd dkn kn dn dl fd fdn nke ked. d.

Lk dlkimyk`jðn adl fdnked `mfjdnuk `mn tn dbtdyum yjctymm ad jnrdqjck`jðn {td jn`ltzd kl-k lk `knajakqm-k z t mpmj`jðn, lk k`qjqtad z dl `mfpmyqkfjdnqm dld`qmykl adl põilj`m z dl ad lm fda fdajm jm ad `mf `mftnj` tnj`k`j k`jðn. ðn.

_kyk {t _kyk {td d btn tn`j `jmn mnd d dl fd fdn nke ked, d, lk `k `kf fpk pkûk ûk ad adid id qmf mfk ky lm lm qd qdfk fk `lkrd ad pdy`dp`jðn pkyk dl-lk `knajakqm-k z lm rmqknqd z qykikeky dn bmyfk `mnjqdnqd z `mnqknqd pkyk hk`dy {td dl fdn fd nke ked d dx dxpy pyd dd d k{ k{td tdll llm m qd qdfk fk `l `lkr krd d.. Tn Tnk k pky pkyqd qd jf jfpmy pmyqk qknq nqd d ad lk aj`jpljnk adl fdnked d jftlky dl ajëlmcm ad lk `kfpkûk tknam lk @kek ad Fdnked ad Qtllz. Lm `knajakqm z lk `kfpkûk ptdadn kztaky k hk`dy {td lk dnqydck ad t fdnked dk jcnjbj`kqjrm z ydldrknqd pkyk tn põilj`m tknam ydbdydn`jk `tlqty `tl qtykld kld, , ydl ydljcj jcjmk mk d hj hjqðy qðyj`k j`k. . Fknq Fknqdndy dndy lk aj` aj`jpl jpljnk jnk adl fdnked dn tnk `kfpkûk dxjcd tnk rjcjlkn`jk pdyfkndnqd ad lm `kfijm dn lk nmqj`jk z lk `mztnqtyk z dl `mnqyml ad lk ajqyk``jmnd {td lm pympjm kljkam ptdadn `mfdqdy pmy nm dnqd dn qdnad nadyy lk jf jfpm pmyq yqkn kn`j `jk k ad dq dqk k aj aj` `jp jplj ljnk. nk.

Lk `k Lk `kfp fpkû kûk k pm pmllæq æqjj`k `k qjd jdnd ndn n tn tnk k d dqy qyd` d`hk hk rd rdnq nqkn knk k ad mpmyqtnjaka pkyk kl`knuky tn põilj`m dpd`æbj`m. @tknam lk `kfpk pkû ûk d hk`d )k qykrê ad dq qk k rdnq nqk knk nk), ), d qjdnd lk mpmyq mp myqtnj tnjak aka a ad pd pdyt ytka kajy jy,, pd pdym ym ml mlkf kfdn dnqd qd j d yd ydpj pjqd qd dl fd fdn nke ked d dn bm bmyf yfk k `m `mnq nqkn knqd qd z `m `mnj njq qdnq dnqd. d.

JJ. ADPKYYMLL M Z DNQYDCK ADL FDNPKED

_dytkajy pkyk cknky

Lk dlkimyk`jðn z qyknfjjðn adl fdnked mn lk `lkrd pkyk tnk `kfpkûk rj`qmyjmk. Tn fdnked ad `kfpkûk d lk ikd ad lk `mft `m ftnj nj`k `k`j `jðn, ðn, tnk dx dxpyd pydj jðn ðn ad lk lk `m `mnrj nrj`` ``jm jmnd nd ad adll-ad ad lk `knajakqm-k z lm `mnqykqd ddn`jkld `mn dl mpmndnqd. Lm qdfk qd fk ad lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk k m mn n lm lm qd qdfk fk z pm pmj j`j `jmn mnd d adl adl-a -ad d lk `knajakqm-k {t {td d d dx dxpy pyd dkn kn dn dl fd fdn nke ked. d.

Lk dlkimyk`jðn adl fdnked `mfjdnuk `mn tn dbtdyum yjctymm ad jnrdqjck`jðn {td jn`ltzd kl-k lk `knajakqm-k z t mpmj`jðn, lk k` lk k`qj qjqt qtad ad z dl `m `mfp fpmy myqk qkfj fjdn dnqm qm dl dld` d`qm qmyk ykll ad adll põ põil ilj` j`m m z dl ad lm lm fdajm fda jm ad `mf `mftnj tnj`k` `k`jðn jðn..

_kyk {td btn`jmnd btn`jmnd dl fdnked, lk `kfpkûk `kfpkûk adid qmfky lm qdfk `lkrd ad pdy`dp`jðn pkyk dl-lk `knajakqm-k z lm rmqknqd z qyki qy kike keky ky dn bm bmyf yfk k `m `mnj njq qdn dnqd qd z `m `mnq nqkn knqd qd pk pkyk yk hk` hk`dy dy {t {td d dl fdnk fd nked ed dx dxpy pydd dd k{t k{tdl dllm lm qd qdfk fk `l `lkr krd d.. Tn Tnk k pky pkyqd qd jf jfpm pmyq yqkn knqd qd ad lk aj`jpljnk adl fdnked d jftlky dl ajëlmcm ad lk `kyydyk tkn t knam am lk @k @kek ek ad Fd Fdn nke ked d ad Qt Qtll llz. z. Lm Lm `k `kna naja jakq kqm m z lk lk `kfpkûk ptdadn kztaky k hk`dy {td lk dnqydck ad t fdnked dk jcnjbj`kqjrm z ydldrknqd pkyk tn põilj`m tknam ydbdydn`jk `tlqty `tl qtykld kld, , ydl ydljcj jcjmk mk d hj hjqðy qðyj`k j`k. . Fkn Fknqdn qdndy dy lk aj` aj`jpl jpljnk jnk adl fdn fd nke ked d dn tn tnk k `k `kfp fpkû kûk k dx dxjc jcd d tn tnk k rj rjcj cjlk lkn` n`jk jk pd pdyf yfkn kndn dnqd qd ad lm lm `kf kfij ijm m dn lk lk nm nmqj qj`j `jk k z lk `m `mzt ztnq nqty tyk k z dl `m `mnq nqym ymll ad lk ajqyk``jmnd {td lm pympjm kljkam ptdadn `mfdqdy pmy nm dnqdnad dnq dnadyy lk jfp jfpmyq myqkn` kn`jk jk ad dq dqk k aj aj`jp `jpljn ljnk. k.

Lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk k pm pmlæ læqj qj`k `k qjd jdnd ndn n tn tnk k d dqy qyd` d`hk hk rd rdnq nqkn knk k ad mpmyqtnjaka pkyk kl`knuky tn põilj`m dpd`æbj`m. @tknam lk `kfpk pkû ûk d hk hk` `d )k qykrê ad dq qk k rdnq nqk knk nk)), d qjdnd lk mpmy mp myqt qtnj njak aka a ad pd pdy ytk tkaj ajy, y, pd pdym ym m mlk lkfd fdnq nqd d j d yd ydpj pjqd qd dl fd fdn nke ked d dn bm bmyf yfk k `m `mnq nqkn knqd qd z `m `mnj njq qdnq dnqd. d. K pdky ad lk `yæqj`k {td d d`t`hk ad lk dld``jmnd fmadynk, lk fjfk d cknkn pmy `kfpk pkû ûk {td lmcykn lk qkydk btnakfdnqkl z ftz ajbæ`jl ad lk pdytkjðn7 `mnrdn`dy k lm rmqk rm qknq nqd d {td t `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k d fd fdem emyy {td dl mpm mpmnd ndnq nqd. d. 9

YDA AD _KYQJAMP _MLJQJ@MP

Lk `k Lk `kfp fpkû kûk k rj rj`q `qmy myjm jmk k dl dlki kimy mykn kn z `m `mft ftnj nj`k `kn n tn fd fdn nke ked d {t {td d qyknfjqd k lm rmqknqd lk dnk`jðn ad {td dl-lk `knajakqm-k `mfpkyqd t rklmyd. Kæ `mfm d`yjijð _k _kt tl Qt Qtlllz, knqdyjmyfdnqd Ajyd`qmy _mlæqj`m adl AN@ (Adfm`ykqj` Nkqjmnkl @mf mff fjqqdd dd**, )...tn fdn nke ked d d tn `td tdyypm ljfjqkam ad jnbmyfk`jðn jn`dyk, {td d qyknfjqjam `mnjqdnqdfdnqd pmy tn-tnk `knajakqm-k z tnk mycknjuk`jðn `mn dl bjn ad tfjnjqyky lk ykumnd pdytkjrk pkyk {td dl dld`qmykam dljek z k`qõd k bkrm bk rmyy ad lk mp mp`j `jðn ðn {t {td d d d dqë që mb mbyd yd`j `jdn dnam am 5 dl dl-l -lk k `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k. k. Dl fd fdn nke ked d `m `myy yyd` d`qm qm,, dn dnqy qydc dcka kam m dn bm bmyf yfk k `m `mn nj jqd qdnq nqd, d, `y `ydk dk dn lm lm dld`qmyd lk k`qjqta ad {td dl-lk `knajakqm-k qjdnd lm jnqjnqm `myyd`qm. Dl fdnked d `mfm tn pkykctk ikem dl `tkl d kcytpkn lk pmqtyk adl-ad lk `knajakqm-k z ad lk `kfpkûk miyd tn qdfk. Dqd pk p kykctk pd p dyfjqd {t { td lk lk pm p mqtyk adl adl-a -ad d lk `k `knaj najak akqm qm-k -k z ad ad lk `k `kfp fpkûk kûk nm k klc lckn kn ad `mn `mnqd qdxq xqm m z fk fknq nqdn dnck ckn n `m `mhd hdyd ydn` n`jk jk.. Lk pmqtyk miyd tn qdfk nm `mnqjqtzd tn fdnked. _dym dqk pmq pm qty tyk k qm qmfk fkak ak dn `m `mne netn tnqqm, m mn n lm lm `kn knkl kld d {t {td d dl dl--lk `kna `k naja jakq kqmm-k k tq tqjl jlju juk k pk pkyk yk jl jlt tqy qyky ky dl fd fdn nke ked d z lm lmcy cyky ky {t {td d dl dld`qmykam lm `mfpydnak. Nm jfpmyqk `tkl dk dl adkbæm, dl-lk `kna `k naja jakq kqmm-k k lm hk hkyë yë dn bm bmyf yfk k `m `myy yyd` d`qk qk..

Lk qy qykn knf fj jjð jðn n ad adll fd fdn nke ked d ad `k `kfp fpkû kûk k pt ptda dad d pk pkyd yd`d `dyy `m `mfm fm tn @mnjadyk`jmnd adkbæm jn`ydæildfdnqd ajbæ`jl5 nkrdcky k lm lkycm ad tn `kfpm pkyk lk fjnk fj nkam am ad cy cytpm tpm dl dld` d`qm qmyk ykld ld yj yjrk rkld ld z aj ajld ldfk fk ad pml pmlæq æqj` j`k k dlkimyk`jðn põilj`k põil j`k kpk kpkydn ydnqdf qdfdnq dnqd d jn ml mlt`j t`jðn. ðn. Ajb Ajbæ`j æ`jll pdy pdym m nm jfp jfpmji mjild. ld. adl fdnked

_yjfdym, dl-lk `knajakqm-k nm hk jam jnrdnqknam ad lk nkak. D tn jnajrjatm rjrm {td ydpjyk `mn dxpdyjdn`jk ad rjak z ad qykikem z {td {t d qj qjdn dnd d tn hj hjq qmy myjk jkll z lk fm fmqj qjrk rk`j `jðn ðn pk pkyk yk mb mbyd yd`d `dy yd d `m `mfm fm tn læ læad ady. y. Lm `knajakqm qjdndn `kyë`qdy. Njncõn mnadm ad mpjnjðn m pdqj`j pdq j`jðn ðn dp dpd`j d`jkl kl `mn `mnrdn` rdn`dyë dyë k tntn-tnk tnk `kn `knajak ajakqmqm-k, k, pmy ded dedfpl fplm, m, k yd ydlk lkqqjr jrju juk ky dl qd qdfk fk yd ydlk lk`j `jmn mnka kam m `m `mn n lk d dct ctyj yjak aka a z dl kl kl`m `mhm hmll, j hk rjrjam lk dxpdyjdn`jk ad `mnmlky k lk fkayd ad tnk ræ`qjfk 0

bkqkl ad tn `mnat`qmy diyjm. K dfdeknuk ad lm )dyd htfknm ydkld), ydkld ), lm `knajak `knajakqm qm pmlæqj`m qjdndn tn `mnetnq `mnetnqm m mycënj mycënj`m `m ad `mnrj``jmnd {td jnbltzdn dn lk fkzmyæk ad t mpjnjmnd dn ydlk yd lk`j `jðn ðn k lm lm qd qdfk fk {td dn dnbm bm`k `kn. n.

Pdctnam, dl põilj`m kl {td d qykqk ad lldcky atyknqd lk `kfpkûk nm d dqë që `m `mfp fptd tdq qm m pm pmyy qm qmam am lm lm `j `jta taka kakn knm m `m `mn n `k `kpk pk`j `jak aka a pk pkyk yk rmqky, ðlm d qykqk ad k{tdllm {td ptdadn dy pdytkajam m fmqjrk fmq jrkam am k rmq rmqky ky pmy ntd ntdqym qym-k -k `kn `knajak ajakqmqm-k. k. Lk jn jnrd rdq qjc jck` k`jð jðn n adq adqdy dyfj fjnk nkyë yë {tj {tjdnd dnd mn d dqm qm dl dld` d`qm qmyd yd, , aðn aðnad ad rjrd rj rdn n z lm lm fd fdaj ajm m ad `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k`j `jðn ðn {t {td d ld ld ll lldc dck. k. Qmam lm {t Qmam {td d d nd nd`d `dj jqk qkfm fm d tn tnk k rj rj`q `qmy myjk jk,, nm tn qy qyjt jtnb nbm m kyymllkamy. D tn adpdyaj`jm ad lm yd`tym ad lk `kfpkûk jnqdnqky `mnqk`qky z pdytkajy dld`qmyd `mn tnk qykzd`qmyjk ad mpmj`jðn k `knajakqm `mn dl pdybjl adl ntdqym. Lm fjfm d ptdad ad`jy adl fdnked qktqmlðcj`m (ydpdqj`jðn jnõqjl ad tn fjfm pdnkfjdnqm dxpydkam ad ajqjnqk fkndyk*, {td qykqk ad pd pdyt ytka kajy jy m mlk lkfd fdnq nqd d k lm lm kb kbjl jljk jkam am ad adll pk pkyq yqja jam m adl adl-a -ad d lk `knajakqm-k.

Qdy`dym, dl fdnked nm d tn kyydikqm kyydikqm ad `ydkqjrjaka, `ydkqjrjaka, nm d qykqk ad ky kyfk fkyy tn et etdc dcm m ad pm pmq qty tyk k pm pmlæ læqj qj`k `k dn tn )e )ejn jncl cld) d) pd pdck ckaj ajum um z llkf ll kfky kylm lm tn fd fdn nke ked d ad `k `kfp fpkû kûk. k. Pd qy qykq kqk k ad lk kp kplj lj`k `k`j `jðn ðn ad tn tnk k aj` aj `jp jplljn jnk k ft ftz z yj yjct ctym ymk k,, dl qy qyki kike kem m nm d qk qkn n læ læyj yj`m `m `m `mfm fm dfpæ df pæyj yj`m `m.. Lk jn jnrd rdq qjc jck` k`jð jðn n ctæ ctæk k dl ad adky kyym ymll llm m adl fd fdnk nked ed,, k kæ æ `mfm lm plknm z tn `jfjdnqm ðljam ctækn lk `mnqyt``jðn ad tnk tn k ntd ntdrk rk `k `kk k.. )..lk dld``jmnd d ckn knk kn `mn fë {td qdfk. Ad hd`h `hm m, byd`tdnqdfdnqd lm qdfk nm dqën dn lk pkyqd tpdyjmy ad lk ljqk. Lk cdnq cd nqd d pt ptda dad d kl kljn jndk dky yd d ad adqy qyë ë ad tn qd qdfk fk m ad rk rkyj yjm m,, pd pdym ym dn qê qêyf yfjn jnm m cdnd cd ndyk ykld ld dl dl dld` d`qm qmyy ad adpm pmj jqk qk t rm rmqm qm pm pmyy cd cdnq nqd d dn lk {t {td d `m `mnb nbæk æk..

Lk fkzmyæk ad nmmqym nm dpdykfm {td lm `knajakqm m btn`jmnkyjm btn`jm nkyjm dld`qm pjdndn dxk`q dxk`qkfdnqd kfdnqd `mfm nmmqym nmmqym miyd `kak qdfk. Dqm dyæk jfpmjild. Lm {td {tdydfm d klctjdn 1


d{tjljiykam, klctjdn {td `yddfm qjdnd etj`jm, z klctjdn {td dn dyjm dy jm d pyd pydm` m`tpk tpk pmy nm nmmq mqym ym.) .)

½[tê d tn fdnke fdnked= d=

Tn fd fdn nke ked d ad `k `kfp fpkû kûk k ad adbj bjnd nd kl kl-k -k lk `k `kna najjak akqqmm-k k z lm `mn mnqy qyk kqk qk `mn dl mpmndnqd, d tnk jadk {td lldck ad qkl bmyfk {td lm dld` dl d`qm qmyd yd lk qj qjdn dndn dn dn fd fdnq nqd d dn dl fm fmfd fdnq nqm m ad rm rmqk qky. y. Dl fdnked d lk ikd ad rklmyd {td kpmzk lk pmj`jðn adl-ad lk `knajakqm-k dn qmam am lm qdfk d jltq qyyk lm {t {td d dqë dn etdcm dn lk dld``jðn. Tn fdnked d tnk ad`lkyk`jðn fë ad pdymnkljaka {td ad pmj`j pmj`jmnd mnd ad qdfk. Lm {td dl-lk `knajakqm-k `knajakqm-k aj`d miyd lm qd lm qdfk fk ad adid id rk rklj ljak akyy z yd ydbm bmyu yuky ky dl fd fdn nke ked d ad lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk. k. Tn nõ nõfd fdym ym ad d dqk qk pm pmq qty tyk k k` k`dy dy`k `k ad qd qdf fk d `m `mnr nrjjdy dyqd qdn n dn dl `dnqym am a mfjnknqd ad a d lk l k `m ` mftnj`k`jðn ad adll-ad ad lk `k `knaj najakq akqmm-k k z ad ad lk `kfpkûk, d ad`jy, lk jltqyk`jmnd ydpdqjak adl fdnked ad `kfpkûk `kf pkûk dn bmy bmyfk fk `mn `mnj jqdn qdnqd. qd. Adad dl aj`tym dn tnk Km`jk`jðn ad pymbdjmnkld, hkqk dl ctjð ct jðn n {t {td d ad adid idn n kp kpyd ydna nady dy lm lm ll llkf kfka kamy myd d ad qd qdlê lêbm bmnm nm ad lk `kfpkûk, pkknam pmy lk ydbtqk`jðn dn tn adikqd k`klmykam ad tn pymcykfk ykajkl7 `kak jqdf ad `mftnj`k`jðn ptdad qm`ky tn qdfk ajbd aj bdyd ydnq nqd, d, pd pdym ym ad adid id d dyy py pyd ddn dnqk qkam am ad tn tnk k fk fknd ndyk yk `m `mn nj jqd qdnq nqd d `m `mn n dl fd fdn nke ked d {t {td d lm yd ydbt btdy dyuk uk.. _m _myy de dedf dfpl plm, m, dl fd fdn nke ked d ad lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk k pmay pm ayæk æk d dy, y, )@ )@ky kylk lk Bd Bdyn ynën ënad adu u fk fky` y`ky kyë ë lk aj ajbd bdyd ydn` n`jk jk pk pkyk yk lk lk bk bkfj fjlj ljk k qykikekamyk). Lk `knajakqk z lk `kfpkûk hkn ad`jajam {td tnm ad lm qdfk ad lk `kfpkûk &tnk ftdqyk `lkrd adl `mfpymfjm ad @kyylk Bd @k Bdyynë nëna nadu du dn hk hk` `dy tn tnk k ajb jbdy dydn dn`j `jk k pky kyk k lk lk bkf kfjl jljjk qykikekamyk& d lk dat`k`jðn. Dn dl qðpj`m ad dat`k`jðn, dxjqdn `jdn `j dnqm qm ad qd qdfk fk ad ada ad d lk bj bjnk nkn` n`jk jk`j `jðn ðn hk hkq qk k lk dl dld` d``j `jðn ðn ad adll `m `mld ldcj cjm. m. _dym _d ym pk pkyk yk Bd Bdyn ynën ënad adu, u, lk da dat` t`k` k`jð jðn n nm d tn qd qdfk fk.. D tn fd fdaj ajm m {t {td d dllk tqjljuk pkyk {td, k qykrê ad dl ptdakn rdy lm rmqknqd t `mnrj` `mn rj``jm `jmnd nd pyj pyjn`j n`jpkl pkld d z fmq fmqjrk jrk`jð `jðn, n, t fdn fdnke ked7 d7 )Nt )Ntdq dqym ym njûm nd`djqkn pmady `mfpdqjy clmiklfdnqd), dllk k`mqk )_dym dn tn fm fmfd fdnq nqm m `t `tkn knam am ad adid idyæ yækf kfm m d dqk qkyy kt ktfd fdnq nqkn knam am nt ntd dqy qym m `mfpym `mf pymfj fjm m `mn lk dat dat`k` `k`jðn jðn,, lm mbj mbj`jk `jklj ljqk qk dq dqën ën `my `myqkn qknam am bmnam pkyk lk tnjrdyjaka z lk `kpk`jqk`jðn lkimykl. Nd`djqkfm pmnd pm ndyy bj bjn n k d dm) m)..

K lk rdu {td `mnjqdnqd, `mnjqdnqd, dl fdnke fdnked d adid dy `mnqknqd. `mnqknqd. Tnk ad lk ydclk fë knqjctk ad lk `mftnj`k`jðn `mn tn põilj`m adqqdy ad dyfj fjnk nkam am d dl `m `mn nde dem m kl my myka kamy my pk pkyk yk {t {td d aj ajrj rjak ak lm lm

4

`mfdnqkyjm dn qyd d``jmnd. Dn lk pyjfdyk d``jðn, dl mykamy aj`d. Dn lk dctnak, dl mykamy aj`d mqyk rdu. Bjnklfdnqd, dl myka my kamy my ade adek k `m `mnq nqkn` kn`jk jk {t {td d aj ajem em.. Pt miedqjrm d pdytkajy. D tn miedqjrm {td d `mfpkyqd nm mlkfdnqd `mn ft`hk mqyk `kfpkûk jftlqëndkfdnqd, jnm `mn `m n `j `jdn dnqm qm ad mq mqym ym jn jnqd qdnq nqkn knam am ll lldc dcky ky z pdy pdyt tkaj kajy. y. _ky _kyk k pd pdyt ytka kajy jy z hk hk`d `dyy {t {td d lk cd cdnq nqd d k` k`qõ qõd, d, dl dl-l -lk k `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k dn py pyjf jfdy dy lt ltck ckyy ad adid id dy d` d`t`hk t`hkam. am. Lk ykuðn ykuðn pmy lk {td {td pymikil pymikildfd dfdnqd nqd d yd`mnm` yd`mnm`d d z kõn ptdad ptdad dy dy `knqkak lk bykd, )Pjdfpyd @m`k @mlk), d {td lk dfpydk ckqk fjllmnd fjllm nd ad aðlkyd aðlkyd `kak kûm pkyk `mftnj`ky `mftnj`ky dk bykd. Ntdqyk Ntdqyk `kfpkûk nm ajpmnd nj adl ajndym nj adl qjdfpm pkyk `ktky qkl jfpk`qm. Pmlkfdnqd fdajknqd lk ydpdqj`jðn ad tn fdnked d qjdnd lk mpmyqtnjaka ad kiyjyd pkm dnqyd dl cykn nõfdym ad `mftnj`k`jmnd `mfpdqjamyk {td d d`t`hkn. Tnj`kfdnqd j mfm mf m d` d`t`h t`hkam kam,, qdn qdnaydf aydfm m lk mpmy mpmyqtn qtnjak jaka a ad pdy pdytka tkajy. jy. Dnqm Dn qmn` n`d, d, ½` ½`ðf ðfm m pma pmadf dfm m ll lldc dcky ky k d dd d ptn ptnqm qm==

Btnakfdnqm

Lk ik ikd d ad t fd fdn nke ked d d dl dl-l -lk k `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k. k. Ad Adqy qyë ë ad t t adl fdnked5 pk pkj jmnd mnd pmy adq adqdy dyfj fjnk nkam am qd qdfk fk z pm pmyy lk pml pmlæq æqj` j`k, k, zk zk`d `d tn Dl-Lk `knajakq `knajakqm-k m-k `m `mne netn tnqm qm ad rk rklm lmyd yd z ad `m `mnr nrj` j``j `jmn mnd d `d `dnq nqyk ykld ld {t {td d ld `m `mnd nd`q `qkn kn `mn lk `mftnjaka7 rklmyd {td dl-lk `knajakqm-k `mfpkyqd dn `mfõ `m fõn n `mn lm lm dl dld` d`qm qmyd yd. . Lk aj ajbd bdyd ydn` n`jk jk {t {td d dl fd fdn nke ked d fk fky` y`k k dn dnqy qyd d dl dl-l -lk k `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k z dl dl-l -lk k mpmnd mp mndnq nqd, d, adb adbjn jnd d kl mpm mpmnd ndnq nqd d `m `mfm fm lk mp mp`j `jðn ðn d{ d{tj tjrm` rm`kak kak.. Dl-lk `knajakqm-k d dl-lk fdnkedym-k pyjn`jpkl ad lk `kfpkûk7 tnk tn k cy cykn kn pk pkyq yqd d ad t qy qyki kike kem m d ad adbj bjnj njyy kl mp mpmn mndn dnqd qd.. K Kææ qk qkfi fijê jên n lk `kfp `k fpkû kûk k ad adid id ad adbj bjnj njyy kl kl-k -k lk `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k kl fj fjf fm m qj qjdf dfpm pm {t {td d kl mpmn mp mndn dnqd qd.. Lm Lm rm rmqk qknq nqd d ad adid idn n df dfjq jqjy jy t rm rmqm qm `m `mn n tn d dnq nqja jam m `l `lky kym m ad {t {td d dl mp mpmn mndn dnqd qd nm dn dnqj qjdn dnad ad m nm ld py pydm dm`t `tpk pkn n t t py pymi mild ldfk fk z {t {td d t `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k æ lm hk hk` `d.

2


Dl d`ydqkyjm ad pydnk, dl edbd ad `kfpkûk, dl `mntlqmy ad fdaj fd ajm m ad `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k`j `jðn ðn zz-m m lm lm dn` dn`td tdq qka kamy myd d ad adidn idn fk fknq nqdnd dndyy tnk lkyck `mnrdyk`jðn dqyt`qtykak `mn dl-lk `knajakqm-k, ldem ad lk bk bkfj fjlj ljk, k, kf kfjc jcm m z aj ajq qyk yk`` ``jm jmnd nd, , bm bmyf yfkn knam am tn cy cytp tpm m ad adll qj qjpm pm z qkfkûm kad`tkam `mfm pkyk hk`dy dnqjy lm tbj`jdnqdfdnqd `ðfm `ð fmamam-k k kl kl-k -k lk `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k pky pkyk k {td dk j jn`d n`dym ym.. Lk dnq nqyd ydrj rjqk pt ptd dad t tf fjnj njq qyk ykyy jad adk k rkl kljjm mk k ad lk fmqjrk`jmnd adl adl-ad -ad lk `kn `knajak ajakqmqm-k k miyd qdfk d hjqmyjk pdymnkld, knêàmqk d hjqmyjk {td ld akn k t fdnked tn pmady pm ady yd ydkl kl z ktq ktqênq ênqj` j`m. m.

Etrdnqta ½Ad aðnad mn t pkayd= pkayd= ½Dn {tê qykikekik qykikekikn= n= Ad`yjik Ad`yjik lk `kk dn amnad Ta. `yd`jð. Pt hkijqk`jðn &½{tê hkz dn lk pkyda= Mlmyd {td ld qykfjqdn yd`tdyam. ½Aðnad btd kl `mldcjm, `ðfm &`kfjnknam, dn ðfnjit= ½ Dn {tê kjcnkqtyk Ta. dyk itdnk-m= Fklk-m= . ½ [tê jcnjbj`kik lk dat` da t`k` k`jð jðn n dn t `k `kk k== ½@ ½@ðf ðfm m d j jnq nqjð jð qy qykz kzdn dnam am nm nmqk qk fk fklk lk k `kk= ½K {tjên ld fmqykik t imldqæn ad `kljbj`k`jmnd= ½[tj ½[ tjên ên bt btd d dl aj aj` `jp jplj ljnk nkamy amy fë fë at atym, ym,

_dybjl ad lk dnqydrj dnqydrjqk qk pdymnkl kl-k lk `knajakqm-k

Fkfë, _kpë= ½[tê rklmyd Fkfë, rklmyd ld jn`tl`ky jn`tl`kymn, mn, `ðfm= `ðfm= ½Klctnk ½Klctnk rdu d lkqjfð= ½Dnbdyfdakad, htdm ymqm, dnbdyfdaka bkfjljky= bkfjl jky= ½Qykikeð Ta. jdnam kamld`dnqd= kamld`dnqd= ½[tê hk`æk Ta. pkyk ajrdyqjyd= ½Pd fdqæk dn pymildfk= ½Klctnk rdu qtrm pymil py mildf dfk k `m `mn n lk pml pmlj` j`æk æk== ½@m ½@mnm` nm`æk æk k t t rd rd`j `jnm nm= = ½L ½Lm m kzta kz tað ð m pj pjaj ajð ð kz kzta tak k ad dl dllm lm= = Ad Ad` `yj yjik ik dl rd rd`j `jna naky kyjm jm55 ydlk`j ydl k`jmnd mnd, , fde fdemyd myd kfj kfjcm, cm, etd etdcm, cm, jnq jnqdyd dydd d `mf `mfpky pkyqja qjam. m. Bkfjljk ½@ðfm ½@ðf m d `m `mnm nm`j `jdy dymn mn(` (`ðn ðnzt ztcd cd*= *= ½ @t @tën ënqm qm qj qjd dfp fpm m d `myqdekymn= Ad`yjik dl `kkfjdnqm z t bkfjljk ½[tê hk`d `mn `m n t bk bkfj fjlj ljk k lm lm bj bjnd nd ad d dfk fknk nk== ½[ ½[tê tê qk qkn n by byd` d`td tdnq nqdf dfdn dnqd qd lm rd atyknqd lm bjnd ad dfknk= Rk`k`jmnd dn bkfjljk. ½ K {tê `lkd ad d` `t tdlk rkn t hj hjeem= ½Ld ak j jd dfpy pyd d k  t hjem hj em lk lk `m `mk k {t {td d ld pj pjad adn= n= ½@ ½@ðf ðfm m lm lm aj aj` `jp jplj ljnk nk== ½@ ½@të tëll btd dl `kqjcm fë drdym {td klctnk rdu ld ajm k t hjem= ½ 3

@mnjadyk t dnqjfjdnqm hk`jk t bkfjljk `tknam qmfk ad`jjmnd pmlæqj`k= ½ Hk hkijam pymi milldfk dn t fkqyjf fkq yjfmnj mnjm m m bkf bkfjlj jljk= k= Ajrdyjðn ½@tëld ½@të ld m mn n t t hm hmii iijd jd= = ½@ ½@të tëll d t py pymc mcyk ykfk fk ad QR QR,, pdlæ` pdl æ`tl tlk, k, lj ljiy iym m bk bkrm rmyj yjqm qm= = ½[t ½[tê ê dq dqë ë ld ldzd zdnam nam Ta Ta.. khm khmyk yk== @tênqd @tê nqdfd fd t `hj `hjqd qd bkr bkrmyj myjqm. qm. Qykikem ½_my {tê lk cdnqd ydjqd k lm pmlæqj`m= ½[tê lm hk`d k Ta. ajbd aj bdyd ydnq nqd d ad adll d dqd qdyd ydmq mqjp jpm= m= ½_m ½_myy {t {tê ê d d dqë që py pyd ddnq dnqkn knam am `m `mfm fm `knajakqm= ½[tê d jdnqd pdymnklfdnqd kl dqky dn lk `jfk z mbyd`dyd `mfm læady= ½[tê ld hk`d k Ta. fdemy {td mqym `kna `k naja jakq kqm m== ½K {t {tjê jên n Ta Ta.. ka kafj fjyk yk dn pm pmlæ læqqj` j`k k dn t rj rjak ak,, dn lk hjq hj qmy myjk jk,, hmz aæk= & ½_my {tê= {tê= K {t {tjê jên n fdnm fdnm ka kafj fjyk yk hmz & ½_my {tê= ½@tël d t fdemy lmcym= ½@tël d dl dyymy fë cykn cy knad ad {t {td d Ta Ta.. hk rj rjq qm m kl klc ctn tnk k rd rdu u {t {td d hj hjum um dl cm cmij ijdy dynm nm m tn pmlæqj`m= pmlæqj `m= ½@tël d lk ajbdydn`jk ajbdydn`jk dnqyd lk cdnqd ad t pkyqj pkyqjam am z lk cdnqd adl pkyqjam ad t pyjn`jpkl mpmndnqd=. ½@tël d t ydk` yd k``j `jðn ðn kn knqd qd lm lm qd qdf fk `l `lk krd rd ad adll aæ aæk= k= ½@ ½@të tëld ld m mn n t t `j `jn` n`m m pyjmyjakad j Ta. d dldcjam-k= Pj Ta. ptajdd hk`dy {td d kn`jm kn `jmnd nd tn pymz pymzd`q d`qm m ad ldz ldz,, ½@tël dyæ dyæk= k= Pj dl pyd pydjad jadnqd nqd ld pjaj pj ajdy dyk k `mn `mnde dem, m, ½[tê ld ld ajyæ ajyæk= k= ½_m ½_myy {tê {tê Ta. Ta. pdyq pdyqdn dnd` d`d d kl pkyqjam {td dljcjð= ½_my {tê lk cdnqd emrdn nm qmfk t pkyqjam `mfm mp`jðn= ½[tê ld rk k mbyd`dy Ta. k lk cdnqd emrdn dn t `kfpkûk= ½[tê jcnjbj`k dy pkqyjmqk pkyk Ta.= ½[tê ½[ tê pj pjdn dnk k Ta Ta.. `t `tkn knam am rd lk ik ikna nady dyk= k= _dymnkl ½@tëld mn t `yddn`jk ydljcjmk= ½@tël d t pymbdjðn, pmy {tê lk dljcjð z `ðfm ld pydpkyð pkyk tn `kycm dld`qjrm= ½@tëld mn t lmcym fë jfpmyqknqd= ½_dyqdnd`d Ta. k klcõ kl cõn n `l `lti ti m` m`jk jkl, l, `l `lti ti `æ `ærj rj`m `m,, `mn `mnm` m`d d t t d dqk qkqt qtqm qm= = Ka Kadf dfë ë ad t t qyki qykike kem, m, ½Ad {tê {tê mqyk mqyk fknd fkndyk yk Ta. Ta. miqj miqjdn dnd d ajnd ajndym, ym, jnrd jn rdy yjm jmnd nd,, jn jnft ftdi dild ld, , mq mqyk yk bt btdnq dnqd d ad jn jncy cyd dm= m= ½H ½Hk k qd qdnj njam am klctnk rdu pymildfk ldckld, ikn`kyymqk, pêyajak ad tnk 8


hjpmqd`k= ½@mnm`d Ta. t miljck`jmnd qyjitqkyjk z mqyk miljc mil jck` k`jm jmnd nd ld ldck ckld ld `m `mn n yd ydpd pd`q `qm m k t df dfpl pldk dkam am ad adll  dy rj`j m am f ê qj`m z h k `t fp lja m Ta . `m n d qk  miljck`jmnd= ½Hk `mntfjam klctnk rdu aymck jldckld= ½ Ta.. id Ta idid id== ½[ ½[tê tê id idid id,, `t `tën ënqm qm z `m `mn n {t {tê ê by byd` d`td tdn` n`jk jk== ½@ ½@të tënq nqm m `td `t dqqk tn lj ljqy qym m ad ld` d`hd hd,, tn lj ljqy qym m ad ck ckm mlj ljnk nk== ½H ½Hk k ym ymqm qm kl klct ctnk nk rdu t pym pymfdk fdk fky fkyjqk jqkld ld==

@mfm pkyqd ad lk jnrdqjck`jðn adl-ad lk `knajakqm-k, d adid dlkimyky tn tnk lj ljqk ad ad lm lmcym adl adl-ad -ad lk `kna `knajak jakqmqm-k k dn t t rj rjak py pyjrkak m põilj`k, jn`ltzdnam êxjqm dn lm ndcm`jm, kpmzm ad miedqjrm dxjq dx jqm mm m m pm pmpt ptlk lkyd yd ad pm pmlæ læqj qj`k `k põ põil ilj` j`k, k, py pydf dfjm jm m lm lmcy cym m `æ `ærj rj`m `m, , fdfiy fdf iydæ dæk k dn my myck cknj njuk` uk`jm jmnd nd nk nk`jm `jmnk nkld ld d jn jnqd qdyn ynk`j k`jmn mnkl kld, d, ênbk ên bkj j dp dpd`j d`jkl kl dn lm lmcym cym qk qkncj ncjil ild d z `m `mnq nqyj yjit it`j `jmn mnd d {t {td d tn tndn dn kl kl-k -k lk `kn `knaj ajak akqm qm-k -k `m `mn n kl klcõ cõn n põ põil ilj` j`m m dn dp dpd`j d`jkl kl..

Qkfijên d adid yd`mpjlky lm d`yjqm adl-ad lk `knajakqm-k j htij ht ijdy dyd d kl klct ctnm nm,, jn jn`l `ltz tzdn dnam am ky kyqæ qæ`t `tlm lm ad aj ajky kyjm jm m yd ydrj rjq qk k pdyjðaj pdyj ðaj`k, `k, `mf `mfdnq dnqkyj kyjm m d` d`yjq yjqm m dnq dnqydc ydckam kam kl cmi cmijdy jdynm nm m cyt cytpm pm `ærj `æ rj`m `m,, `k `kyq yqk k kl da dajq jqmy my z `tk `tkl{ l{tj tjdy dy `j `jnq nqk k m qy qykn kn` `yj yjp` p`jm jmnd nd ajpmnjild ad lk kpkyj`jmnd dn ykajm m qdldrjjðn. @tkl{tjdy `mft `m ftnj nj`k `k`j `jðn ðn põ põil ilj` j`k k d pm pmay ayæk æk `m `mnr nrdy dyqj qjyy dn pk pkyq yqd d ad adll ad adik ikqd qd ad lk `kfpkûk ûk,, ktn tn{ {td dqê m`tlqk. Dn klctnk `kfpkûk am`tfdn am`t fdnqm qm `mnb `mnbjad jadn`j n`jkld kld d hkn hd` hd`hm hm põil põilj`m j`m. .

@mn qmam dqm d ydkljuk tn jnrdnqkyjm. Qdndfm Qdndfm tnk ljqk ad lm ½@ðfm pdytkajy qdfk ad pmlæqj`k põilj`k fë jfpmyqknqd ad pydm`tpk`jðn k lm dld`qmyd= adl-ad lk `knajakqm-k, tn ydcjqym ad qmam lm {td hk aj`hm m d`yjqm d`yjq m dn põilj` põilj`m, m, tn pdybj pdybjll ad pkyqj` pkyqj`jpk`jð jpk`jðn n põilj` põilj`k k pmy fdajm ad fdfiydæk z mqyk k`qjrjakad, z dn t pympjk pklkiyk, tn dnq d nqja jam m ad lm {t {td d ld fm fmqj qjrk rk k d dqk qkyy dn `k `kyy yydy dyk k pk pkyk yk dl `k `kyc ycm, m, {t {tê ê d lm {td ld dnqtjkfk dn pmlæqj`k z cmijdynm, {tê adbd`qm z `tkljakad dpd`jkld dxjqdn z `ðfm qmam dm pmayæk `kdy k lm rmqknqd. :

@mn tnk jnrdqjck`jðn `myyd`qk, lk `kfpkûk ptdad adqdyfjnky lm qdfk z pyddnqk`jmnd {td fdemy jltqydn dl `mfpymfjm adl-ad lk `knajakqm-k pkyk `mn lm dld`qmyd, {td fdemy ydbldedn t `mn t mnrj rj`` ``jm jmnd nd z d ke ket tqd qdn n ad adnq nqym ym ad t t kp kpqqjq jqta tad d ad `mft `m ftnj nj`k `kamy amy,, z qj qjdn dndn dn lk fd fdem emyy mpm mpmyq yqtn tnja jaka ka pk pkyk yk pd pdy ytka tkajy jy k lm lm dld`qmyd. Lk `k Lk `kfp fpkû kûk k dx dxjq jqm mk k m mn n fm fmnq nqka kak k m miy iyd d lk ik ikd d ad tn dnqdnajfjdnq dnqdna jfjdnqm m dxhkt dxhktqjrm qjrm ad {tjênd mn lk pdymnk pdymnk k lk {td adid ad id ll lldc dcky ky,, að aðna nad d z `ð `ðfm fm d lk lk dn dn`t `tdn dnqy qyk, k, z {t {tê ê lk lk `m `mnr nrdn dn`d `dyë yë pkyk pk yk rmq rmqky ky pmy dl dl-l -lk k `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k. k. Lk jnrdqjck`jðn nm d pkyk `mnbjyfky lm jnqjnqm adl adl-ad -ad lk `knajakqm-k m ad lk `kfpkûk. Nj d pk pkyyk kzta tak ky k tnk `kfpk pkûk ûk k jnrd rdnq nqk ky mpj pjn njmn mnd d m `yd ydd dn` n`jjk pk pkyk yk tn `kna najjakq kqm m jn knqd`dadnqd. Lk jnrdqjck`jðn d lk `jdn`jk adqyë adl kyqd ad lk `mftnj `mf tnj`k` `k`jðn jðn `mn lm dld dld`qm `qmyd. yd.

Jnrdqjck`jðn miyd dl `knajakqm z dl mpmndnqd

Dl pyjfdy pkm pkyk dnqdnady {tjênd mn ntdqym dld`qmyd z pdytk pdy tkajyl ajylm m dbd dbd`qj `qjrkf rkfdnq dnqd, d, d krd krdyjc yjctky tky lm fëx fëxjfm jfm pmj pmjild ild miyd m iyd dl dl-l -lk k `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k z t mpm mpmndn ndnqd qd.. Lk ðljak z dxhktqjrk `mfpydnjðn adl-ad lk `knajakqm-k z t mpmndnqd hk`dn {td `kak pkyqd ad lk `kfpkûk dk fdemy, adad dl m mna nadm dm z ad adk kyy yyml mllm lm ad adll fd fdn nke ked d hk hkq qk k lm lm fd fdaj ajm m ad `mftnj`k`jðn `mftnj `k`jðn cknkam cknkam z pkckam atyknqd atyknqd qmam dl pym`dm ad lk `kfpkûk. @mn lk dnqydrjqk qdndfm adljndkak lk ikd pkyk lk jnrdqjck`jðn adl-ad lk `knaja `knajakqm-k kqm-k, pdym d ddn`jkl hk`dylm dn bmy myfk fk fë fë py pymb mbtn tnak ak.. Nka kak k pt ptda dad d hk hk`d `dyy ad ad` `ky kyyj yjllky fë fë yëpjakfdnqd dl fdnked ad tnk `kfpkûk {td tn jnbmyfd ad lm fdaj fd ajm m ad `m `mftn ftnj` j`k` k`jð jðn, n, ad kl klcm cm {td pd pdyq yqdn dnd` d`d d kl pk pkk kam am adl-ad adl -ad lk `kn `knaja ajakqm kqm-k -k, {t {td d bt btna nakf kfdn dnqk qklf lfdn dnqd qd nm d dqë që ad k` k`td tdya yam m `mn `m n dl fd fdnk nked ed.. Dqd )klcm) nm nd`djqk dy tn d{tdldqm dn dl ympdym. _mayæk dy tn rm rmqm qm dn t k` k`qt qtk` k`jð jðn n `m `mfm fm pk pkyl ylkf kfdn dnqk qkyj yjm, m, tn jn jn`j `jad adnq nqd d `m `mn n lk `mfjjðn ad pkayd adl `mldcjm ad t hjem, m tnk bjyfk dn tn am`tf am `tfdn dnqm qm ad ml mlja jaky kyja jaka ka `mn `k `ktk tk mp mptd tdqk qk k lk lk {t {td d m mqj qjdn dnd d lk `kf `kfpkû pkûk. k.

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Kl fjfm qjdfpm, dl tm dbd`qjrm ad lk jnrdqjck`jðn adl-ad lk `knajakqm-k z ad lk mp mpm mj` j`jð jðn, n, yk ykyk yk rd rdu u d dyë yë tn tnk k )d )dq qm` m`ka kak k btlfjnknqd), dl cmlpd ad jnbmyfk`jðn pymrdyijkl {td jnhkijljqk tnk `k `knaj najakq akqtyk tyk.. Pj Pjn n df dfiky ikycm cm,, lk jn jnrd rdq qjc jck` k`jð jðn n kn knkl klju juka kak k z k``djild d tn qjpm ad )d`tkayðn ad lk rdyaka) pdyfkndnqd, pkyk pk yk qm qmam am lm {t {td d tn tnk k `k `kfp fpkû kûk k aj aj`d `d m miy iyd d æ fj fjf fk k z dl mp mpmn mndn dnqd qd.. Lk `k Lk `kfp fpkû kûk k ck cknk nkn n rk rklj ljm mk k `y `yda daji jijl jlja jaka ka `t `tkn knam am t t `mftnj`k`jmnd `mftnj` k`jmnd dqën ikkak dn hd`hm z lk `mfpymik`jðn `mfpymik`jðn ad dm hd dm hd`h `hm m d dn dn`t `tdnq dnqyk yk k aj ajpm pmj j`j `jðn ðn ad lm lm dl dld` d`qm qmyd yd. . Ft`hk nmqj`jk ndckqjrk `mn`dijak `mfm kqk{td dn `mnqyk ad nt ntd dqqyk `k `kfp fpk kûk pm pmay ayën ën d dyy dl dljf jfjjnk nkak ak kn knqd qd ad d dyy ptil pt ilj` j`ka kak k m k klj ljyy kl kj kjyd yd j m mfm fm `k `kpk pk`d `d ad my myck cknj njuk ukyy tn ydcj yd cjq qym ym `m `mn n pyt pytdi dik k ad lk rd rdyak yaka. a. Lk jnrdqjck`jðn pymbdjmnkl adl-ad lk `knajakqm-k z adl-ad lk mpmn mp mndn dnqd qd jf jfpl plj` j`k k lk jn jnrd rdq qjc jck` k`jð jðn n ad qm qmak ak lk lk bt btdn dnqd qd ad jnbm jn bmyf yfk` k`jð jðn n aj ajp pmnj mnjil ild d mi miyd yd dl dllm lm. . Lk jn jnbm bmyf yfk` k`jð jðn n d kn knkl klju jukak kak adad lk pdypd`qjrk ad {td dkn dbj`jdnqd pkyk drjqky pmjild kqk{td {td pmayækn dy lknukam z adbdnk {td pmayækn dy tqjlju tqj ljukak kak atyk atyknqd nqd lk `kf `kfpkûk pkûk.. Dl jqdfk ad mycknjuk`jðn ad lk jnbmyfk`jðn (ikd ad akqm m dyj d yjd d ad jn jnbm bmyf yfd d dn pk pkpd pdl* l* ad adid id d dyy k` k``d `dj jil ild d pk pkyk yk lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk. k. Ft`hk Ft`h k `k `kfp fpkû kûk k nm d dqë qën n dn `m `mna naj` j`jm jmnd nd ad `m `mnq nqyk ykqk qkyy jnrdqjckamyd pymbdjmnkld._dym dqm nm adidyæk ajfjntjy lk jfpmyqkn`jk ad tn itdn qykikem ad jnrdqjck`jðn. Zk dk {td d tqjlj`dn m nm k pymbdjmnkld, lm jfpmyqknqd d `mfdnuky `mn tbj`jdnqd tbj`j dnqd knqj`j knqj`jpk`jðn. pk`jðn. Dn qk qknq nqm m kl klct ctnk nk pd pdy ymn mnk k ad `m `mnb nbjk jknu nuk k py pydp dpky kykn kn lk jn jnbm bmyf yfk` k`jð jðn, n, tnk õnj`k pdymnk dn lk `kfpkûk adid dy lk ydpmnkild ad mycknjuky dl ydcjqym z `mnqymlky dn bmyfk dqyj`qk dl k``dm kl fjfm. Pmnadm Dl mnadm d tn fd`knjfm `jdnqæbj`m ad jnrdqjck`jðn ad lk (dn`tdqk*& mpjnjðn põilj`k {td `mnjqd dn dnqydrjqky `jdyqm nõfdym ad jnrdqjck`jðn pdy pd ymn mnk k(f (ftd tdq qyk yk*, *, `t `tzk zk `k `knq nqja jaka ka d jn jnqd qdcy cyk` k`jð jðn n m mn n `tknqjqkqjrk ;;

ydpyd ydpy dd dnq nqkq kqjr jrk k ad lk pm pmil ilk` k`jð jðn n qm qmqk qkll jn jnrd rdq qjc jck kak ak77 `m `mn n dl pympðj pymp ðjqm qm ad dq dqkil kild`d d`dyy `të `tënqk nqk pdy pdymnk mnk($ ($ ad lk pmil pmilk`j k`jðn ðn jnrd jn rdq qjc jckak kak*, *, yd ydpm pmnad nadn n z `ð `ðfm fm k `k `kak ak pyd pydctn ctnqk qk.. D lk hd hdyy yykf kfjd jdnq nqk k fë fë jf jfpm pmyq yqkn knqd qd dn dl ad adk kyy yyml mllm lm ad adll fd fdn nke ked. d. Pj nm dxjqd tn mnadm, d kajrjnk. Pj d dqë kajrjnknam, nm hkz `hkn`d. Tn mnadm kztak k `mnqdqky lk `jn`m jnqdyymcknqd iëj`k miyd miy d dl dld dld`qm `qmykam ykam55

½ [t [t jê jê nd nd   mn mn l m m d ld ld `q `q my my d d { t d f ë  z f d n m  pymikil pymi kildfd dfdnqd nqd rmq rmqkyë kyën n pmy dldl-lk lk `kn `knaja ajakqm kqm-k7 -k7 z {tjênd {tjênd ptdadn ptd adn dy pdy pdytka tkajam jam= = ½@tëld mn lm qdfk {td ld pydm`tpkn kl dld`qmykam z lk pmqtyk miyd lm qdfk {td ld k`dy`kn z kldek pmqtyk kldekn n ad tn-tnk `knaja `kn ajakqm kqm-k -k dn pkyq pkyqj`t j`tlky lky== ½@tël d dl fmfdnqm dn {td qmfkyën lk ad`jjðn ad rmqky pmy kl klct ctnm nm ad lm lm `k `knaj najak akqm qm= = ½Aðn ½A ðnad ad rj rjrd rdn n z k qy qykr krê ê ad {t {tê ê fd fdaj ajm m d jn jnbm bmyf yfkn kn== ½_my {tê ld ctqk m ld ajctqk dl-lk `knajakqm-k7 pmy{tê dqën jnad`j jnad`jm= m=

Dl mnadm pymikildfdnqd jn`ltjyë tnk dn`tdqk ad ydbdydn`jk jnj` jn j`jk jkll z rk rkyj yjk k ad d dct ctjf jfjd jdnq nqm. m. Dl mnadm pymikildfdnqd jn`ltjyë tnk dn`tdqk ad ydbdydn`jk jnj` jn j`jk jkll z rk rkyj yjk k ad d dct ctjf jfjd jdnq nqm. m. Dl mnadm ad ydbdydn`jk jnj`jkl d tnk dn`tdqk {td d ydkljuk dn rdjn rd jnqqd m qyd ydjn jnqk qk fj fjnt ntqqm m,, lk `t `tkl kl ad adid id `t `tiy iyjjy tn tnk k ck ckfk fk ad qdf dfk k z mpjnjmnd miyd læadyd z mycknjuk`jmnd pmlæqj`k, z yd`kiky lm ptnq pt nqm m ad rj rjq qk k `m `mn n yd ydbd bdyd ydn` n`jk jk k dl dllm lm.. Tn mnadm ad dqk atyk`jðn ld pdyfjqd `mfpkyky lk dbd`qjrjaka ad rkyjm fdnked pmy æ mlm z dn tn jnqdy`kfijm jftlkam dnqy dn qyd d dl fd fdn nke ked d ad t `k `kfp fpkû kûk k z dl ad t mp mpmn mndn dnqd qd.. ;9


Lm m Lm mna nadm dm ad d dct ctjf jfjd jdnq nqm m yd yd`m `mcd cdn n `k `kfi fijm jm dn lk lk k` k`qj qjqt qtad ad ad lm dld`qmyd `mn ydpd`qm ad lm {td d ajbtnad k qykrê ad lm fdaj fd ajm m yd ydnq nqka kam m z `m `mfp fpym ymfd fdqj qjam am. . D Dqm qm pt ptda dadn dn kz kzta taky ky k hk hk`d `dyy lm ke lm ket tqd qd ad õl õlqj qjfm fm fm fmfd fdnq nqm m ad lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk. k. Lm mnadm ad dctjfjdnqm mn yëpjam, fdnm `mqmm, d ydkl yd klju jukn kn rk rkyj yjk k rd rd`d `d z `m `mn n tn nõ nõfd fdym ym fë fë pd pd{t {tdû dûm m ad dl dld` d`qm qmyd yd pymikild. Dl dn`tdqkamy ad lk `kfpkûk ydkljukyë qkfijên lk qkitlk`jðn `ytu `y tuka kak k ad lm lm yd ydt tlq lqka kam m ad adll m mna nadm dm.. D Dqk qk d tn tnk k `l `lk kjb jbj` j`k` k`jð jðn n ad lk jnbmyfk`jðn miqdnjak pkyk `mfpkyky lk ydptdqk ad lm ajbdyd ajb dydnqd nqd cytp cytpm m dq dqtajk tajkam. am. _my de _my dedf dfpl plm, m, tn tnk k py pymp mptd tdq qk k yd ydlk lk`j `jmn mnka kak k `m `mn n lk d dct ctyj yjak aka a `jtakaknk, dcõn lk ydptdqk ad ajbdydnqd cytpm5 ftedyd {td qykikekn m nm btdyk ad `kk, dld`qmyd ytykld z tyiknm, ajbdydn`jk ad daka z mqym `yjqdyjm ad k`tdyam k lk dxjcdn`jk ad lk `k `kfpk fpkûk. ûk. Dl dn`tdqkamy adidyë tfjnjqyky tn jnbmyfd {td ydtfk z knkl kn klj` j`d d lk lk mpm mpmyq yqtn tnja jakad kad ad adqd qd`q `qkak kak pk pkyk yk aj ajyj yjcj cjyy z k kjc jcnk nkyy pyjmyjakad dn lk `kfpkûk dn qêyfjnm ad lk ikd ad dld`qmyd jfp j fpkq kqju jukn knqd qd z dl dld` d`qm qmyd yd {t {td d pt ptda dadn dn d dyy pd pdy ytk tkaj ajam am, , yd`m yd `mfd fdna naky ky `t `tël ël d dl ld ldnc nctk tked ed {t {td d d ad adid id tq tqjl jlju juky ky m dr drjq jqky ky z lm lm fêqm fê qmam am ad `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k`j `jðn ðn {td pm pmayæ ayækn kn dy fë fë kp kpymp ympjk jkam am. .

Lm cytpm bm`kld (m, dn jnclê bm`t cymtp* qkfijên mn tn Cytpm fêqmam `jdnqæbj`m ad jnrdqjck`jðn ad lk mpjnjðn põilj`k. _dym k bm`kld ‑ ajbdydn`jk ad lm mnadm `tknqjqkqjrm, dxplmykn lk k`qjqtad jnrdqjck`jðn btnak bt nakfd fdnq nqkl kld d,, lm lm pym pym`d `dm m ad qm qmfk fk ad ad` ad`j jjð jðn, n, lk lk qd qdnad nadn` n`jk jk `tkljqkqjrk z lk lk pdy pdy`d `dp` p`jm jmnd nd {t {td d bm bmyf yfkn kn lk mpj mpjnj njðn ðn põi põilj lj`k `k.. Tn cy cytp tpm m bm` m`k kl d tn tnk k aj aj` `t tjð jðn n ad kp kpym ymxj xjfk fkak akfd fdnq nqd d am am hm hmyk yk ad at atyyk`jðn {td d ydkljuk dnqyd m`hm m ajdu pdymn mnk k dpd d pd`j `jkl klfd fdnq nqd d d dld ld`` ``jm jmnk nkak ak, , ik ikem em lk aj ajyd yd`` ``jjðn ad tn fmadykamy fmadyk amy pymbd pymbdjmnkl. jmnkl. Lm pk Lm pkyq yqj` j`jp jpkn knqd qd ja jadn dnqj qjbj bj`k `kn n dl ld ldnc nctk tked ed &p &pkl klki kiyk yk z by byk kd d dxk`qk& fë `lkym z pdytkjrm pkyk dllm. Ad dqd fmam d ;0

jadnq ja dnqjb jbj` j`k k dl fd fdem emyy ld ldnct nctke ked d pk pkyk yk pd pdyt ytka kajy jy k lm lm ad adfë fë dl dld` d`qm qmyd yd. . Tn `yjqdyjm jfpmyqknqd d {td lk dld``jðn ad lm pkyqj`jpknqd adid qdndy `mfm ydtlqkam jnqdcyky cytpm hmfmcêndm, dn dl dnqj dn qjam am ad fj fjnj njfj fjuk ukyy lk pm pmj jij ijlj ljak aka a ad `m `mnb nblj lj`q `qm m z `d `dnt ntyk yk ad adnq nqym ym adl cytpm. _my dedfplm, lm hmfiyd z ftedyd ykyk rdu mn lldr ll drka kam m dn bm bmyf yfk k `m `mne netn tnqk qk k tn cy cytp tpm m ad dn dnbm bm{t {td, d, ad adij ijam am k lk qdnadn` qdnad n`jk jk ad lm lm hm hmfiy fiyd d ad am amfj fjnk nkyy lk lk `mn `mnrd rdy yk` k`jm jmnd nd z `mnat`j `mna t`jyd yd ctj ctjkam kam pmy dq dqdyd dydmqj mqjpm pm {td adq adqdyf dyfjnk jnkn n {td tn cêndym t mqym qjdnd fkzmy dxpdyjdn`jk dn `jdyqm qdfk `mfm fjljqkyd m ad dat`k`jðn. Lm fjfm, dnqyd fkzmyd z fdnmyd, tyik ty iknm nm z yt ytyk ykld ld, , dq dq`. `. _m _myy d dm m d {t {td d tn d dqt qtaj ajm m `t `tkl kljq jqkq kqjr jrm m d dl ydt yd tlq lqka kam m ad adll kn knël ëlj jj j ad rk rkyj yjm m cy cytp tpm m bm bm`k `kld ld z nm ad tn tnm m m mlm lm.. Lm cy Lm cytp tpm m m mn n cy cyki kika kam m dn `j `jnq nqk k fk fkcn cndq dqmb mbðn ðnj` j`k k z qy qykn kn` `yj yjpq pqm m z ptda pt dadn dn d dyy cy cyki kika kam m dn rj rjad adm m `m `mn n dl pd pdyf yfj jm m ad adll cy cytp tpm. m.

Pdld``jmnknam Lm dld`qmyd qjdndn tnk qykzd`qmyjk {td ptdad dy adqdyfjnkak k ntdqym pmyy fdaj pm ajm m ad tn knëljj ad pk pkqqymnd nd ad rmqk`jðn dn lk dld`qmyd ety e tyj jaj aj`` ``jð jðn. n. D Dqm qm pd pdyf yfjq jqdn dn `l `lk kjb jbj` j`ky kylm lm dn am `k `kqd qdcm cmyæ yæk k ië iëj j`k `k55 lm )` )`kt ktqqjrm rm) ),, pm pmyy{t {td d j jd dfp fpyd yd rm rmqqkn pm pmyy dl pky kyqqjam jnadpdnajdnqdfdnqd ad lk `jy`tnqkn`jk z adl `knajakqm, z lm )pdy )pd ytk tkji jild ld), ), k{t k{tdl dllm lm {td nm j jdf dfpy pyd d rm rmqk qkn n pmy dl pk pkyq yqja jam. m. Lm dld`qmyd mn `lkjbj`kam `mfm )dld`qmyd pdytkjild) ( ptdadn dy pdytkajam k rmqky pmy ntdqym-k `knajakqm-k*, m `mfm `m fm )d )dld` ld`qm qmyd yd `kt `ktqj qjrm rm) ) (`k (`kj j `m `mn n `d `dyq yqduk duk rmq rmqky kyën ën pm pmyy nt ntd dqy qymm-k k `knajakqm-k*, adpdnajdnam ad j lm fjfm dn tn adqdyfjnkam ajqyjqm rmqkn dn bmyfk `mnjqdnqd pmy dl pkyqjam m `knajakqm `mfm `m fm dl nt ntd dqy qym m m ft ftd dqy qykn kn tn tnk k py pymp mpdn dnj jðn ðn k `k `kfi fijk jkyy t `mfp `m fpmy myqk qkfj fjdn dnqm qm dn `k `kak ak dl dld` d``j `jðn ðn k lm lk lkyc ycm m ad rk rkyj yjm m kû kûm m..

Lm )dld`qmyd pdytkjild) cdndyklfdnqd ad`jadn dl ydtlqkam ad lk dld``jmnd z cdndyklfdnqd lm ad`jadn ijdn qkyad, qkl rdu qkn qk n qk qkya yad d `m `mfm fm dl bj bjn n ad d dfk fknk nk kn knqd qd ad lk dl dld` d``j `jðn ðn.. Dn lk lk d d`k `kk k õl õlqj qjfk fk d dfk fknk nk ad tn tnk k `k `kfp fpkû kûk, k, tn ;4 pm pmyy `j `jdn dnqm qm adl dl dld` d`qm qmyk ykam am d dqë që jn jnad ad`j `jm m z d pd pdyt ytk kji jild ld.. Lk `k `kfp fpkûk kûk jn jnqd qdnq nqk k jadnqjbj`ky z lldcky k dqm dld`qmyd pymnqm z byd`tdnqdfdnqd ;1


hk`j hk `jdn dnam am `m `mnq nqk` k`qm qm `m `mn n lm lm fd fdaj ajm m,, dl `m `myy yydm dm z dl dl dld` d`qm qmy. y. Lm )d Lm )dld ld`q `qmyd myd `k `ktq tqjr jrm) m) mn k{ k{td tdll llm m )dl )dld` d`qm qmyd yd ad ik ikd d), ), lm lm {td dn bm bmyf yfk k `m `mn nj jqd qdnq nqd d kpm kpmzk zkn n kl pk pkyq yqja jam m m kl `k `kna naja jakq kqm m `m `mn n dnqjam ad pdyqdndn`jk. Dqm qjdnadn k rmqky ad k `tdyam k lk kbjljk`jðn adl pkyqjam z lk pmj`jðn ad tn `knajakqm miyd klcõn ktnqm dn pkyqj`tlky m tnk dyjd ad ktnqm z ad dqd fmam qjdnadn qjd nadn k ad` ad`jaj jajyd yd pymn pymnqm. qm. Dl ad adk kbæ bæm m pk pkyk yk ad lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk k d fk fknq nqdn dndy dy kl rm rmqm qm `k `ktq tqjr jrm m `mfpy `m fpymf mfdq dqja jam m z fm fmqj qjrk rkam am aty atykn knqd qd qm qmak ak lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk, k, fj fjdn dnqy qyk k d tqjl tq jlju jukn kn yd yd`t `ty ym m pk pkyk yk ll lldc dcky ky z `m `mnr nrdn dn`d `dyy k lm lm dld ld`q `qmy myd d pdytkjild. K fdajak {t {td d lk `kfpkûk lldck k t bjn, lk fjfk adid kdc k dcty tyk ky yd d {t {td d lm lm dl dld` d`qm qmyd yd `k `ktq tqjr jrm m jy jyën ën k lk ty tynk nk dl aæ aæk k ad lk lk dld` dl d``j `jmn mnd d.. Dl mq mqym ym pk pkyq yqja jam, m, pm pmyy t lk lkam am,, qj qjdn dnd d t t py pymp mpjm jm dld` dl d`qm qmyd yd `k `ktq tqjr jrm m z d d,, cd cdnd ndyk yklf lfdn dnqd qd,, tn ad adp pdy dyaj aj`j `jm m ad yd`t yd `ty ym m qy qykq kqky ky ad `m `mnr nrdn dn`d `dyl ylm m.. _d _dym ym ad adij ijam am k {t {td d d dqm qm dld`qmyd rjrdn z qykikekn dn t fkzmyæk dn lm fjfm ltckyd {td {t d nt ntd dqy qym m dl dld` d`qm qmyd yd, , kl klcõ cõn n d dbt btdy dyum um qk qkfi fijê jên n pt ptda dad d d dyy kplj kp lj`k `kam am kl kllæ læ.. Dl ad adkb kbæm æm `m `mnj njq qd d dn nm aj ajq qyk ykdy dy bt btdy dyuk uk. . Dn`mnqyky k ntdqym dld`qmyd, dpkykylm dn lk `kqdcmyæk ad ` kt kt qj q j rm rm  m p dy d y t  t k k ji j i ld ld ,  , z  dl dl d` d` `j `j mn m n ky ky lm lm  p ky ky k l k k `mftn `m ftnj` j`k` k`jm jmnd nd d tn et etdc dcm m ad nõf nõfdy dym. m. Kl Klct ctjd jdn n `mn tn tnk k fdu`lk ad hjqmy hjqmyjk, jk, j`mlmcæk z pymikij pymikijljaka, ljaka, adid `mn`dnq `mn`dnqykyd ykyd dn lk `kfpkûk ad lk dld``jðn z dl dctjfjdnqm adl `mfpmyq `mf pmyqkfj kfjdnq dnqm m adl dld dld`qm `qmy. y. Lk `kfpkûk adidyë adqjnky tn )pmy`dnqked ad dbtdyum) pkyk `kak `k ak cy cytp tpm m m ëy ëydk dk d dld ld`` ``jm jmnk nkak ak ad k` k`td tdya yam m k t jf jfpm pmyq yqkn kn`j `jk. k. Tn ëydk {td jn`ltzd k 44$ ad lm dld`qmyd pdytkjild pmayæk miqdndy 44$ adl qjdfpm adl pymcykfk adl `knajakqm z 44$ ad lm yd lm yd`t `tym ym ad `m `mnq nqk` k`qm qm `m `mn n dl dl dld` d`qm qmy. y. Dn ydtfdn, lk iõ{tdak `mfjdnuk adqdyfjnknam aðnad rjrdn lm dld dld`qm `qmyd yd `kt `ktqjr qjrm. m. Lm ydcjqym, ajqyjqm pmy ajqyjqm, m ikyyjm pmy ikyyjm, ad lk dld` dl d``j `jmn mnd d pk pkk kak ak, , jn jnaj aj`k `kn n `ð `ðfm fm d dqm qm dl dld` d`qm qmyd yd d hk hkn n `mfpm `m fpmyq yqka kam m `m `mn n yd ydpd pd`q `qm m ad lm lm `k `knaj najak akqm qm `m `mfm fm dl nt ntdq dqym. ym. ;4

Pdcõn dl qjpm ad dld`qmyd {td hkijqkn adqdyfjnkam ajqyjqm dld`qmykld, dqm dyën `lkjbj`kam dn `ktqjrm m pdytkjild, `mn dl miedqjrm ad lmcyky {td lm dld`qmyd {td rjrdn adnqym ad lm fj lm fjf fm m rm rmqd qdn n pm pmyy ntd ntdq qym ym-k -k `k `knaj najak akqm qm-k -k.. Pd ad adid id qd qdnd ndyy dn `t `tdn dnqk qk dn dl py pym` m`d dm m ad `l `lk kjb jbj` j`k` k`jð jðn n lk `k `knq nqja jaka ka ad rm rmqm qm {t {td d nd nd`d `dj jqk qkfm fm z lm lm yd yd`t `ty ym m {t {td d qd qdnd ndfm fm pk pkyk yk `mftnj` `mft nj`kyn kynm m `mn lm dld dld`qm `qmyd yd.. Lk `lkjbj`k`jðn ptdad dy pmqdyjmyfdnqd adptykak pmy fdajm ad m mna nadm dm. . ½[ ½[tê tê ld ld py pydm dm`t `tpk pk k lm lm dl dld` d`qm qmyd yd= = ½[ ½[tj tjên ênd d pymikildfdnqd kpmzkyën k tn `knajakqm `mfm dl ntdqym= Lk daka ad lm dld`qmyd, cêndym, njrdl ad dat`k`jðn z mqym akqm kzta kz takn kn k `l `lk kjb jbj` j`ky ky,, tn tnk k rd rdu u fë fë, , lk lk py pyjm jmyj yjak akad ad dn bt btn` n`jð jðn n kl miedqjrm. Tn py pym` m`d dm m ad fk fkzm zmyy py pyd` d`j jjð jðn n dn lk d dld ld`` ``jð jðn n d pt ptda dad d mi miqd qdnd ndyy k qy qykr krê ê ad yd ydcj cjq qym ym ad dl dld` d`qm qmyd yd, , cd cdnd ndyk yklf lfdn dnqd qd tn tnk k lj ljq qk k `mfptqkyjukak ad rmqknqd ydcjqykam dn tn ajqyjqm, ptdilm, ikyyjm, ikyy jm, ydc ydcjðn jðn m adpk adpkyqk yqkfdn fdnqm. qm. Dqm ydcjqym ptdadn kpmyqky jnbmyfk`jðn qkld `mfm daka, cêndym, cênd ym, dq dqkam kam `jr `jrjl, jl, pym pymbd bdjðn. jðn.

Jnrdqjck`jðn miyd lm fdajm ad `mftnj`k`jðn

Ajyjcj Ajyj cjyy dl fd fdn nke ked d j jcn cnjb jbj` j`k k aj ajbt btna najy jylm lm dn dnqy qyd d lk cd cdnq nqd d ka kad` d`tk tkak ak dn dl fmfdnqm mpmyqtnm `mn dl fdnmy `mqm dn qjdfpm z ajndym. Dqm Dq m jf jfpl plj` j`k k k kid idyy ad aðn aðnad ad lk cd cdnq nqd d mi miqj qjdn dnd d jn jnbm bmyf yfk` k`jð jðn, n, aðn aðnad ad d dnqdyk ad lk nmqj`jk z `ðfm d ajrjdyqd, {tê `knkld ad qdld qd ldrj rjj jðn ðn fj fjyk yk z {t {tê ê d dqk qk`j `jmnd mnd ad yk ykaj ajm m d d`t `t`hk `hk.. Tn fd fdy` y`k kam ad fd fdaj ajm m ad `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k`j `jðn ðn ad adbbjn jnd d dl ëy ëydk dk cdmcyëbj`k adnqym ad lk `tkl qmam qjdndn k``dm k lm fjfm `knk `k nkld ld ad qd qdld ldrj rjj jðn ðn z yk ykaj ajm. m. Mb Mbj` j`jk jklf lfdnq dnqd d ad adnmf nmfjn jnka kak k Ky Kydk dk ad Jnbltdn`jk Amfjnknqd m KAJ, `kak fdy`kam `mfpydnad tnk pmilk`jðn {td jnqmnjuk lk fjfk dûkld ad qyknfjjðn ad qdldrjjðn. Ktn{td lk `mftnjakad dn tn KAJ pymikildfdnqd yd`jidn yd`jid n dûkld ad qdldr qdldrjjðn jjðn ad mqyk btdnqd btdnqd, , lk fkzmy pkyqd ad t ktajdn`jk ptdad dy kl`knukak k qykrê ad dk dûkld {td `mfõnfdnqd `mfõnfd nqd jnqmn jnqmnjuk. juk.

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Adnqym Adnq ym ad `k `kak ak fd fdy` y`ka kam, m, `k `kak ak df dfj jmy myk k ad qd qdld ldrj rjj jðn ðn pm pmyy `k `kil ild dz dqk`jðn ad ykajm qjdnd tn hmykyjm ad pymcykfk`jðn atyknqd dl `tkl ptdad dy `mfpykam dl qjdfpm ad pympkcknak. Dqd d cdnd cd ndyk yklf lfdn dnqd qd `m `mqj qjuk ukam am pmy dl qk qkfk fkûm ûm ad lk kt ktaj ajdn dn`j `jk. k. D `mn mnrd rdnj njdn dnqd qd kn knkl kljjuk ukyy dl yk ykqqjn jnc c ad lm py pymc mcyk ykfk fk dn lm lm fd fdaj ajm m {td rkn k dy `mnqykqkam z qdndy dn `tdnqk dl qkfkûm ad lk ktaj kt ajdn dn` `jk jk,, lk da daka ka py pymf mfda dajm jm z cê cênd ndym ym ad lk fj fjf fk k. Lm Lm `mntlqmyd hkilkn dn qêyfjnm adl kl`kn`d ad `mfpyk ad tn fdaj fd ajm m ad `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k`j `jðn ðn & dl nõ nõfd fdym ym qm qmqk qkll ad pd pdy ymn mnk k {t {td d pymikildfdnqd rd m d`t`hk tn `mfdy`jkl, z lk byd`tdn`jk & `mfm `m fm dl nõ nõfd fdym ym py pymf mfda dajjm ad rd rd`d `d {t {td d t `m `mfd fdy` y`jk jkll ld ll lldc dck k k lk ktajdn`jk ktajdn` jk dld` dld``jmnkak `jmnkak.. Lk `mfijnk`jðn ad kl`kn`d z byd`tdn`jk d qykat`jak dn qmqkl ad ptnqm ptn qm ad yk ykqj qjnc. nc. Ntdqy Ntd qym m m mnad nadm m ad adqd qdyf yfjn jnky kyën ën k {tê qj qjpm pm ad kt ktaj ajdn dn`j `jk k d {tjdyd lldcky, pmy dedfplm, kn`jknm, m ftedyd dnqyd lk dakad ad94z1?kûm.

Dl fdnked adid dy jfpld z pdytkjrm z fky`ky dn bmyfk ½@ðfm d`yjijy fdnked== pmjqjr pmj qjrk k lk ajb ajbdyd dydn`j n`jk k ad ntd ntdqym qym-k -k `kn `knaja ajakqm kqm-k -k `mn lm mqy mqym m dl fdnked pmlæq pml æqj` j`m. m. Dn mq mqyk yk pk pklk lkiy iyk k,, dl fd fdnk nked ed ad adid id d dy5 y5

• @lkym & D`yjqm dn pklkiyk kimltqkfdnqd dn`jllk {td ptdad ptd adn n d dyy jn jnqd qdyn ynkl klju jukak kak z bë bë`j `jlf lfdn dnqd qd aj aj`h `hk k pmy dl dl-l -lk k `knaj `k najak akqm qm-k -k z lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk. k. • @mn`jm & @m @mnq nqdn dndy dy nm fë fë {t {td d kl klct ctnk nk my myk` k`jm jmnd nd pm pmy{ y{td td dl fd fdnk nked ed d tnk jn jnqy qymat mat`` ``jð jðn n qk qk{tj {tjcy cyëb ëbj` j`k k pk pkyk yk `k `kak ak jnqdyrdn`jðn põilj`k, dl btnakfdnqm ad lm {td lk `kfpkûk rk k ad ad`j `jyy m miy iyd d `t `tkl kl{t {tjd jdyy qd qdfk fk.. • @mnqykqknqd & @kak rdu {td lk `kfpkûk hkilk miyd æ fjfk, dqë hkilknam qkfijên ad lk `kfpkûk adl-ad lk mpmn mp mndn dnqd qd.. Kl ad ad`j `jyy {t {tjjên z {t {tê ê d t mp mpmn mndn dnqqd, dl dl-l -lk k `knajak `kna jakqmqm-k k dq dqë ë adb adbjnj jnjdnam dnam lk ajb ajbdyd dydn`j n`jk. k. Lk `kf `kfpkû pkûk k pymikildfdnqd jnjqjyë miyd dqk ajbdydn`jk k fdajak {td krknuk dl qjdfpm, pdym adad dl `mfjdnum, tn fdnked

;3

{td nm `mnqjdnd klcõn kqk{td, dqë jn`mfpldqm. Dl fdnked adid ad id mb mbyd yd`d `dyy tn tnk k mp mp`j `jðn. ðn. • @mnrjn`dnqd & Dl fdnked d ajyjcjam pkyk pdytkajy k lm pdy pd ytk tkj jil ild d,, nm pk pkyk yk `m `mnr nrdy dyqj qjyy kl kq kqdm dm.. _m _myy fd fdaj ajm m ad adll mnadm, hkn jam jadnqjbj`kam dl dld`qmykam pdytkjild z dl `ktq `k tqjr jrm7 m7 k kææ `mf `mfm m t pyd pydm` m`tp tpk` k`jm jmnd nd. . Dl Dl-L -Lk k `k `knaj najak akqm qm-k -k z lk `kfpk `k fpkûk ûk adi adidn dn aj ajyj yjcj cjyd yd k d dk k py pydm dm`tp `tpk` k`jm jmnd nd lm fë fë ajyd`qkfdnqd ajyd`q kfdnqd pmjild pmjild.. • Pk Pklp lpj` j`ka kam m & Dn pk pkj jd d að aðna nad d tn cy cykn kn nõ nõfd fdym ym ad lk pmil pm ilk` k`jð jðn n hk hkil ilk k tn ja jajm jmfk fk jn jnaæ aæcd cdnk nk (f (fkz kzk, k, {t {td` d`ht htk, k, ctkyknæ, dq`.* qmam fdnked pmlæqj`m adid jy klpj`kam pmy klct kl ctnk nk pk pklk lkiy iyk k m by byk kd d dn dl ja jajm jmfk fk jn jnaæ aæcd cdnk nk77 kõ kõn n `t `tkn knam am dk d k aj ajyj yjcj cjam am k cd cdnq nqd d ad kl klqm qm nj njrd rdll da dat` t`kq kqjr jrm. m. Dyymyd • Ftz `mfplj`kam & Pj dl-lk `knajakqm-k pympmnd ydat`jy lm `mftnd dn dl fdnked jfptdqm k lk pympjdaka, d dqkyë kldnqknam lk `mfpyk ad `kk ntdrk, ajfjntzdnam dl addfpldm. _dym, pmy mqym lkam, dm ptdad m`kjmnky lk rdnjak ad fë qykikekamyd kl ëydk z tnk fkzmy adfknak ad dyrj`jm, jn`ltzdnam d`tdlk, {td ltdcm yd{t yd {tdy dyjy jyën ën {t {td d d rt rtdl dlrk rkn n k kt ktfd fdnq nqky ky lm lm jfp fptd tdq qm m k lk pympjdaka. Dnqmn`d, dl fdnked adidyæk dy klcm kæ, )@kylk Bdynënadu lt`hkyë pkyk ydat`jy lk `kyck adl jfptdqm miyd lk pympjdaka pkyk pk yk lm lm py pymp mpjd jdqk qkyj yjm m,, ad qk qkll fk fknd ndyk yk {t {td d lk cd cdnq nqd d pt ptda dak k fk fknq nqdn dndy dy t `kk, k`qjrkyd lk `mnqyt``jðn ad fë `kk d`mnðfj`k z cdndy cd ndykn knam am fë fë qy qyki kike kem, m, pdy pdym m d dn dn`k `kyc ycky kyë ë ad lk adfknak ktfdnqkak ydtlqknqd ad mqym dyrj`jm jn`ltzdnam d`tdlk, k qykrê ad tnk dyjd ad ketqd dn lm pymcykfk ad jncydm `mnbmyf jncydm `mnbmyfd d lk dpd`jbj`k dpd`jbj`k`jmnd `jmnd {td {td d dn`tdnqykn dn`tdnqykn fë kikem...) Dk mn lk aj`tjmnd kqmyfdnqkamyk ad lm cdnjm dn `tzk `kqdcmyæk ptdad hkidy dqkam fkqyj`tlkam-k dl-lk `knajakqm-k. Dl-l Dl -lk k `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k z ft ft`h `hk k pd pdy ymn mnk k kl klyd ydad adam amyy ad adll fj fjf fm m {tdyyën mlrjakyd mlrjakyd jcjl jcjlmkfdnq mkfdnqd d ad lk ckyknq ckyknqæk æk ad lk aj`jpljnk adl fdnked z lm ketqdn dcõn dl põilj`m. Dqm nm adid dy ;8


pdyfjq pdyf jqja jam, m, lk fj fjj jðn ðn d hk hkil ilky ky `m `mn n lm lm dl dld` d`qm qmyd yd ad fk fknd ndyk yk dn` d n`jl jllk lk,, qd qdnj njdn dnam am py pydd ddnqd nqd {t {td d lk fk fkzm zmyæ yæk k nm qj qjdn dnd d `m `mnm nm`j `jfj fjdn dnqm qm m jnq jnqdy dyê ê dn lm lm ad adqk qkll lld d ad lk ka kafj fjnj njqy qyk` k`jð jðn n põ põil ilj` j`k. k.

• Adfkjkam jfpld & )@kylk Bdynënadu d tnk ad nmmqym) m )lt`hk k ntdqym lkam) m )qykikek `mfm nmmqym), dqm mn ldfk ld fk nm fd fdn nke ked d.. Tn fdnked ad`yjid `tkljakad ad tn-tnk `knajakqm-k z ak lk dxplj`k`jðn pkyk {td ntdqym-k `knajakqm-k dk dl-lk dldcjam-k z nm t mp mpmnd mndnq nqd. d. Dl fdnked adid `mnjadykyd `mfm dl `jfjdnqm ad tn dajbj`jm. Tn `j `jfj fjdn dnqm qm {t {td d d ad adfk fkj jka kam m d dqy qyd` d`hm hm nm m mpm pmyq yqk k cy cykn kn pk pkyq yqd d ad lk dq dqyt` yt`qty qtyk. k. Tn fdnked {td d adfkjkam jfpld m adfkjkam ljnam nm ptdad lmcyky tn qykikem ad kpmzm tiqkn`jkl, {td d lm {td nd`d nd `dj jqk qk hk hk`d `dyy tn fd fdnk nked ed `k `kak ak aæ aæk. k.

JJJ. JJ J. @Ð @ÐF FM HK HK@D @DY Y [T [TD D DL FDN DNPK PKED ED BT BTN@ N@JM JMND ND

Lk Tnk `kf Tnk kfpk pkûk ûk d tn d dbt btdy dyum um pk pkyk yk pd pdy ytk tkaj ajyy cdn dnqqd. _k _kyk yk `mnqjntky `mn lk knklmcæk ad lk `mnqyt``jðn, dl fdnked d pydm`tpk`jmnd ajyjcjam pkyk akyld kl-k lk `knajakqm-k lk `kpk`jaka ad `mnqytjy `mfm qdfk rkyjk hkijqk`jmnd miyd tn `jfjdnqm dn `mfõn5 tnk dqyt`qtyk {td {t d pt ptda dad d kl klid idyc ycky ky lk lk py pyjm jmyj yjak akad ad z pk pkj jmn mnd d ad tn tnk k rk rkyj yjda daka ka ad jnajrj jna jrjatm atm z aj ajqyj qyjqm qm dld dld`qm `qmykl ykld. d. @mn dqk rkyjdaka ad pdymnk z cytpm rjdnd tnk rkyjdaka ad pydm`tpk`jmnd miyd qdfk adqdyfjnkam. Lm qdfk mn, pmy adbjnj adb jnj`jð `jðn, n, kt ktnqm nqm dn aj ajptq ptqk. k. Kæ `mf Kæ mfm m dl fd fdn nke ked d d lk ik ikd d pk pkyk yk lk dl dld` d``j `jðn ðn ad adll-ad ad lk `kna `k naja jakq kqmm-k, k, lk aj aj` `t tjð jðn n ad lm lm qd qdfk fk d lm {t {td d pd pdyf yfjjqd `mfpymiky lk `kpk`jaka adl-ad lk `knajakqm-k z lk jnqdn`jðn ad êqd ê qd ad fk fknd ndek ekyy lm lm qd qdfk fk dn nm nmfi fiyd yd ad adll dl dld` d`qm qmyk ykam am.. Dqk aj Dqk aj` `tj tjmn mnd d nm m mn n ð ðlm lm mp mpjn jnjm jmnd nd mi miyd yd kt ktnq nqm m jf jfpm pmyq yqkn knqd qd m lk j jfp fpld ld ydb ydbdy dydn dn`j `jk k ad adll-ad ad lk `k `kna najak jakqm qm-k -k mi miyd yd kl klcm cm. Lm {t {td d d aj aj` `tq tqd d m mn n qd qdfk fk, , z d dqm qm qd qdfk fk m mn, n, lk `y `yda dadn dn`j `jkl kl ad adll-ad ad

;:

lk `kn `knaj ajak akqm qm-k -k pm pmy{ y{td td lm lm-l -lk k py pyd ddn dnqk qk `m `mfm fm tn tn-t -tnk nk `kn `knaj ajak akqm qm-k -k {t {td d `mnm`d lm jnqdydd dn etdcm z `mfpymfdqjam k hk`dy lm {td dk nd`d nd `dky kyjm jm pk pkyk yk m mlt lt`j `jmn mnky ky dl qd qdfk fk k bk bkrm rmyy ad lk lk fk fkzm zmyæ yæk k..

Lm qd Lm qdfk fk ld ak akn n )p )pjd jdyn ynk k)) kl fd fdn nke ked d (d (dfp fpld ldm m & k klt lta a & d dct ctyj yjak aka a Dat`k Dat `k`j `jðn ðn & `m `myy yytp` tp`jð jðn n & ay aymck mck & bk bkfj fjlj ljk k & py pymil mildf dfk k ad rk rklm lmyd yd* *..

@mnqymlky dl ajëlmcm

Dnkzky lk pmj`jmnd {td d kampqkyën bydnqd kl kardykyjm dn ydlk`jðn k pdqj`jmnd, `mn`djmnd, kqk{td z ydptdqk {td pmayækn dy yd{tdyjak atyknqd qmak lk `kfpkûk d `mfdnuky k aj`j aj `jpl pljn jnky ky z `mn `mnqy qyml mlky ky dl fd fdnk nked ed.. Dl fmfdnqm ad dqd dnkzm dyë `tknam d hkzkn `tfpljam tnk dyjd dy jd ad qk qkyd ydk k py pydr drjk jk5 5 • Jn Jnrd rdq qjc jck` k`jð jðn n ad adll-ad ad lk `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k z dl mpm mpmndn ndnqd qd • Jnrd Jnrdq qjc jck` k`jð jðn n ad lk lk k` k`qj qjqt qtad ad z `m `mfp fpmyq myqkf kfjd jdnq nqm m adl dld`qmykam. • Dlki Dlkimy myk` k`jjðn ad adll fd fdn nke ked d z ad lm lm qd qdfk fk {t {td d pd pdyf yfjq jqjy jyën ën t adkyymllm. Lk `kek adl fdnked, adkyymllkak pmy _ktl Qtllz, dx Ajyd`qmy _mlæq _ml æqj` j`m m ad adll AN AN@, @, d tnk hd hdyy yykf kfjd jdnq nqk k pyë pyë`q `qj` j`k k jn jnrk rklm lmyk ykil ild, d, qk qknq nqm m pkyk pky k lk pl plkn knjb jbj` j`k` k`jð jðn n `m `mfm fm pky pkyk k lk de ded` d`t` t`jð jðn, n,..

LK @KEK AD FDNPKED AD QTLLZ ;.Ntdqym-k `knajakqm-k

½[tê ad`jfm ad nmmqym fjfm= 0. Ntdqym-k `knajakqm-k miyd ntdqym-k kardykyjm-k.

½[tê ad`jfm miyd ntdqym-k mpmndnqd= 9?

9.Ntdqym-k kardykyjm-k

½ [tê aj`d ntdqym kardykyjm ad æ fjfm= 1. Ntdpqym-k kardypkyjm-k pmiyd ntdpqym-k `knajakqm-k

½[tê aj`d ntdqym-k mpmndnqd miyd nmmqym=


Lk `kek btd ajdûkak `mn dl `yjqdyjm ad {td btn`jmnd `mfm tn rjdem qyjitnkl {td d hk hd`hm jnbkljild pmy lk dxpdyjdn`jk. Lk `kek `ke k qjd qjdnd nd `tkq `tkqym ym d{t d{tjnk jnk5 5 ;. ½[ ½[tê tê ad` ad`jf jfm m m miyd iyd nm nmmq mqym ym= = 9. ½[ ½[tê tê aj aj`d `d nt ntd dqy qym m mp mpmn mndn dnqd qd m miy iyd d æ fj fjf fm= m= 0. ½[ ½[tê tê aj aj`d `d ntd ntdq qym ym mpm mpmndn ndnqd qd mi miyd yd nm nmmq mqym ym= = 1. ½[ ½[tê tê ad` ad`jf jfm m mi miyd yd ntd ntdq qym ym mp mpmnd mndnq nqd= d= Tnk ad lk fdemyd `kyk`qdyæqj`k ad lk `kek adl fdnked d {td lk fj fjf fk k d rj rjt tkl kl.. @mfpld @mfp ldqk qkna nam m lk lk d d{t {tjn jnk k ad lk `k `kek ek,, lk lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk k pt ptda dadn dn et etck ckyy m kn knqj qj`j `jpk pkyy mpm mpmyq yqtn tnja jakad kad pk pkyk yk dl dllm lm fj fjf fm m z lk lk ad adij ijlj ljak akad ad ad adll mpmn mp mndn dnqd qd55 Ad Ada ad d lk lk cd cdnd ndyk yklj ljuk uk`j `jmn mnd d fë fë kf kfpl pljk jk m miy iyd d jadm ja dmlm lmcæ cæk, k, hk hkq qk k lm lm ad adqk qkll lld d ad lm lm qd qdfk fk. . Dl-Lk Dl-L k `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k ptd ptdad ad rj rjt tkl klju juky ky lk lk `m `mn nd` d`tdn tdn`j `jk k ad lk lk `mn`d `m n`dj jmnd mnd ft ftqt qtk k mi miyd yd qd qdfk fk z k kææ dn dnqd qdna nady dy lk jf jfpmy pmyqk qkn`j n`jk k ad `mnq `m nqym ymllky dl aj ajë ëlm lmcm cm z lk `m `mn nd` d`td tdn` n`jjk ad dn dnqy qydc dcky ky dl `m `mnq nqym ymll kl mpmndnqd. @mnqyml @mnq ymlky ky dl aj ajël ëlmc mcm m ad adad ad dl jn jnj` j`jm jm j jcn cnjb jbj` j`k k ad adbj bjnj njyy kl kl-k -k lk `kna `k naja jakq kqmm-k k kn knqd qd {t {td d dl mq mqym ym lm hk hkck ck.. Adljidyky `mn dl-lk `knajakqm-k miyd lk fkndyk ad pm`jjmnkylm `mfm `m fm ck cknk nkam amyy dn lk `k `kyy yydy dyk k z `m `mnq nqym ymllky dl aj ajël ëlmc mcm m d hk hk`d `d ft ft`h `hm m fë bë fë bë`j `jll `t `tkn knam am lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk k zk hk py pydp dpky kyka kam m t `k `kek ek ad adll fdnked, lk `tkl adbjnd `lkykfdnqd lm pdljcym ad pdyfjqjy kl mpmndnq mpmn dnqd d qmf qmfky ky lk jnj jnj`jk `jkqjr qjrk. k. Dl fd fdn nke ked d `m `mfp fpld ldqm qm ad adid id d dyy d dct ctja jam m pm pmyy fd fdaj ajm m ad de dedf dfpl plm m ad am qd am qdfk fk {t {td d lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk k hk aj ajkc kcyk ykfk fkam am.. Lk qdnadn`jk dn klctnk `kfpkûk d lk ad jnqdqjuky lk `kek ad fdnked, ktfjdnam {td `kak qdfk adad lk ydbmyfk kcykyjk hkq hk qk k dl py pyd dtp tptd tdq qm m pk pkyk yk lk fj fjf fk k d dyë yë jnq nqtj tjqj qjrk rkfd fdnq nqd d dxpy dx pydk dkam am dn tn fd fdnk nked ed dn dl fmf fmfdn dnqm qm kp kpym ympj pjka kam m «D «Dyy yymy+ my+ Adp Ad ptê tê, , kp kpdn dnk k ki kiyë yë qj qjdf dfpm pm pk pkyk yk ky kyqj qj`t `tlk lkyy lm {t {td d d rk dx dxpy pyd dky ky.. Khmyk d dl fmfdnqm ad pmndy dn tn ldnctked ad fdnked lk pklkiyk {td adidyækn dy aj`hk z ad k`tdyam `mn lk jnqtj`jðn 9;

adl-ad adl-a d lk `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k, k, pma pmayæ yækn kn d dyy dx dxpy pydk dkak ak dn `k `kak ak qd qdfk fk pyjn`j pyj n`jpkl pkl aty atyknq knqd d lk `kf `kfpkûk pkûk..

Klctnm Klct nm `k `kna naja jakq kqm m m mn n fë fë dx dxpy pyd djr jrm m {t {td d mq mqym ym. . Pd Pdk k `t `tkl kl bt btdy dyd d ½@ðfm lk pdy pdymn mnkl klja jaka ka ad adll-a -ad d lk `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k, pt ptda dad d kp kpyd ydna nady dy k d jltqyk dl fdnke fdnked= d= qyknfjqjy dl fdnked z lm qdfk ad lk `kfpkûk dn tn `mnqdxqm ad bë` bë`jl jl `mf `mfpydn pydnjð jðn. n. Lk qkydk adl-ad lk `knajakqm-k d hkilky miyd æ fjfm z miyd t pydm`tpk`jmnd dn tn ldnctked dn`jllm {td nm ydpyddnqd tnk kcydjðn kl dnqjam `mfõn ad lk pdymnk z {td qdnck dn `tdn `t dnqk qk lk lk py pyjm jmyj yjak akad ad ad lk lk pd pdy ymn mnk k k {t {tjd jdn n d aj ajyj yjcd cd.. Dm pt Dm ptnq nqm m ad yd ydbd bdyd ydn` n`jk jk pt ptda dadn dn d dyy dn dn`m `mnq nqyk ykam am dn lk lk knêàmqk z bykd ad lk dnqydrjqk pdymnkl ydkljukak `mn dl-lk `knajakqm-k {td ftdqydn dxpdyjdn`jk pdymnkld ad rjak z k`qj k` qjqt qtad ad yd ydbd bdyd ydnq nqd d kl fd fdnk nked ed z lm lm qd qdfk fk. . Pj dl dl-l -lk k `k `knaj najak akqm qm-k -k qj qjdn dnd d tnk rj rjj jðn ðn mi miyd yd lk adl adljn jn`t `tdn` dn`jk jk ad adij ijam am k klcõn dn`tdnqym {td t bkfjljk qtrm `mn klctnm kklqknqd hk`d hk `d tn tnm m kû kûm m,, ad adid idyæ yæk k ak akyl ylm m k `m `mnm nm`d `dy. y. Dk dx Dk dxpd pdyj yjdn dn`j `jk k nm nd` nd`dj djqk qkn n d dyy ayk aykfë fëqj qj`k `k m qy qyëc ëcj` j`k k.. Pj tn-tnk `knajakqm-k qjdnd njûm, `mnm`d dl qdfk ad lk dat`k`jðn ad pyjfdyk fknm ktn{td ntn`k hkzk dqkam dn tnk ydtnjðn ad `mfjjðn `mfj jðn ad pka pkayd yd.. @tknam @tkn am d d py pymp mpjd jdqk qkyj yjm m ad tn tnk k `k `kk k,, d pk pkck ck jf jfpt ptd dqm qm, , d qj qjdn dnd d pkayd, d `mfpyk pymrjjmnd, d rjkek ajkyjkfdnqd pkyk jy kl qyki qy kike kem, m, qm qmak ak d dk k m mn n dx dxpd pdyj yjdn dn`j `jk k ad aæ aæk k k aæ aæk k {t {td, d, et etq qkf kfdn dnqd qd,, jnqdyd jnq dydkn kn qkf qkfijê ijên n k ntd ntdqym qym dld dld`qm `qmyd. yd. @tkl{tjdy `mk {td hkck dl-lk `knajakqm-k, {td mqyk cdnqd hk`d `mfõnfdnqd, ydbtqk lk nm`jðn pmptlky ad {td lm pmlæqj`m nm mn `mfm lk cdnqd `mfõn5 {td mn tnk êljqd, {td nm lldrkn k lm njûm nj ûm k lk py pyë` ë`qj qj`k `k ad bõ bõqi qiml ml m k lk cj cjfn fnk kjk jk ad adp ptê tê ad adll qy qyki kike kem. m. ½[tê hk ½[tê hk`d `d tn tnk k `k `kfpk fpkûk ûk `t `tkn knam am dl dl-l -lk k `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k nm qj qjdn dnd d dxpdy dx pdyjd jdn` n`jk jk pdy pdym mnk nkld ld pky pkyk k `m `mfp fpky kyqj qjyy `mn lk cd cdnq nqd= d= Dl Dl-L -Lk k `knajakqm-k ptdad dfpduky k pydqky kqdn`jðn k lk knêàmqk,

99


hjqmyjk z dxpdyjdn`jk ad mqym z tqjljukylk pkyk jltqyky t pydm`tpk`jmnd. Pj dl dctym m`jkl d jfpmyqknqd pkyk dl-lk `knajakqm-k, pdym êl-dllk ajpmnd ad fdajm pkyk `tiyjy ckqm fêaj`m, dm nm jcn j cnjb jbjj`k {t {td d t `k `kna najjak akqqm nm pt ptda dad d aj aj` `tq tqjy jy dl qdf dfk k ad tn fm fmam am ftz pdy pdymnk mnkl. l. _my tptdqm, nm qmam lm `knajakqm mn kadpqm k ajyjcjy tnk bykd m `mnd`qkyd dn bmyfk rdyikl `mn tn põilj`m. _kyk lk `kfp `k fpkû kûk k ad adid id d dyy tn `m `mn nqk qknq nqd d ad adk kbæ bæm m kz kzta taky ky k lm lm `k `kna naja jakq kqm m k fknqdndy `mftnj`k`jmnd jnqdydknqd `mn dl põilj`m tknam ydbd yd bdyd ydn` n`jk jk k` k`qt qtkl kld d z bk bkfj fjlj ljky kyd d.. Kl Klctn ctnk k bt btdn dnqd qd ad d dqk qk jfpmyq jfp myqknq knqd d fdq fdqëbm ëbmyk yk z klt kltjm jmnd nd jn` jn`ltz ltzdn5 dn5

Fdajm Fdaj m ad `mf `mftnj tnj`k` `k`jðn jðn Lm pymcykfk ad qdldrjjðn fë pmptlkyd mn fjykam pmy fjld fj ld ad qdl dldr drjjad adnq nqd d `k `kak ak d dfk fknk nk.. K nj njnc nctn tnm m dn t `kfpkûk d ld ptdad pdajy {td fjyd lk qdldrjjðn qmam dl qjdfpm, pdym dl-lk `knajakqm-k adid `mnm`dy pmy lm fdnm lm `j lm `jn` n`m m pym pymcy cykf kfk k fë fë rj rjq qm. m. Dn dqm aæk, `mn t jn`dknqd fdnõ ad nmqj`jk z pymcyk pym cykfk` fk`jmn jmnd d rjm rjmldn ldnqk qk,, ydl ydlk`j k`jmnd mnd pdy pdymn mnkld kld ajbtn`jmnkld z pympkcknak `hm`knqd, lk qdldrjjðn fjfk d j jdf dfpy pyd d tn qd qdfk fk.. _ymcyk _ymc ykfk fk ad dn dnqy qydr drj jqk qk z py pymc mcyk ykfk fk ad nm nmqj qj`j `jk k ptd ptdad adn n d dyy fdqëbmyk pkyk dl fkl ctqm, ajqmyjðn ad lk rdyaka, kqk{td pdy pd ymnk mnkl, l, `h `hj jfd fd z tj tjnk nk ad yt ytfm fmyd yd. . _dym, õnj`kfdnqd j t `knajakqm-k hk rjqm tnm m am ad dqm dq m pymc pymcykf ykfk k ptda ptdad d qyk qyknfj nfjqjy qjy t ajc ajctq tqm. m. Adpmyqd Lm etdcm pmptlkyd qkl rdu mn lk fdqëbmyk fë mirjk ajp aj pmn mnji jild ld pk pkyk yk lk `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k`j `jðn ðn ad lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk. k. Pj t `kn knaj ajak akqm qm-k -k d m nm bk bknë nëqj qj`m `m,, dx dxj jqd qd tn tnk k fd fdqë qëbm bmyk yk dn adpmyqd pkyk `kak jqtk`jðn ad lk `kfpkûk. Lk `kfpkûk nm mn etdcm, pdym lk fjfk jn` n`lltzdn dbtdyum, 90

jfpky`jkljaka, ydptdqk jncdnjmk, pydpkyk`jðn z qykikem ad d{ d{tj tjpm5 pm5 )@mfdnukfm etnqm dl pkyqjam, z `mfm d{tjpm, k lm rdjnqd fjntqm adl pyjfdy qjdfpm fdqjfm dl pyjfdy cml, pdym pd ym qma qmakræ kræk k qdn qdndfm dfm {td `mn `mnqjn qjntky tky). ).

Rjak Rja k `mq `mqjaj jajknk knk D tn yd yd`t `ty ym m `m `mfõ fõn n ad `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k`j `jðn ðn {t {td d pt ptda dad d d dyy t tka kam m zk dk dn bmyfk pmjqjrk `mfm ndckqjrk. Ad`yjijfm lk kpjyk`jmnd z fmqjrm `mn fdqëbmyk ad lk rjak `mqjajknk. Aj`h Aj `hk k fd fdqë qëbm bmyk yk m mn n fë fë db dbd` d`qj qjrk rk `t `tkn knam am py pymz mzd` d`qk qkn n qd qdfk fk dn dl `m `mnq nqdx dxqm qm ad j jqt qtk` k`jjmn mnd d {t {td d m mn n kf kfpl pljk jkfd fdnq nqd d bkfj bk fjlj ljky kyd d m dr drm` m`kam kamyk yk pk pkyk yk lk cd cdnq nqd. d. Hjqmyjk _kyk lm _kyk lm `k `kna naja jakq kqm m pm pmlæ læqj qj`m `m, , lk hj hjq qmy myjk jk d tn `m `mfp fpld ldfd fdnq nqm m nkqt nk qtyk ykll pk pkyk yk lk lk `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k`j `jmn mnd d.. Lk Lk yd ydcl clk k pk pkyk yk t tky ky fdqë fd qëbm bmyk yk hj hjq qðyj ðyj`k `k mn mir mirjk jk dn lk `k `kfp fpkûk kûk55 dl dlje jek k k{ k{td tdll llk k {td mn ijdn dnqdnajak m qjdndn tn jcnjbj`kam dpd`jkl pkyk pk yk lk cd cdnq nqd. d. Lk ydbdydn`jk ydbdydn`jk hjqðyj`k adidn ydkljukyd, ydkljukyd, miyd dl ptnqm z kl jn jnq qkn knqd qd pk pkyk yk {td ptd ptdakn akn d dyy yd yd`m `mnm` nm`ja jak. k. @jqk pm pmptlkyd(ydbyk (ydbyknd, nd, pymrdyi pymrdyijm* jm* m ad ad pd pdymnk `ê `êldiyd5 Lk lændk `myqk m bykd, k rd`d llkfkak `jqk, ptdadn dy tkak pkyk aky dbd`qjrjaka k lk `mftnj`k`jðn. Dqk adidn dy pydrjkfdnqd drkltkak `mfm `tkl{tjdy mqyk ydbdydn`jk z tqjl tq jlju juky kyd d ad adnq nqym ym ad adll `m `mnq nqdx dxqm qm adl fd fdnk nked ed.. @jqk @jq k pymp pympjk jk Dl pd pdlj ljcy cym m `m `mn n lm lm fd fdn nke ked d ad tn tnk k m mlk lk læ lænd ndk k m `j `jqqk jnrdnqkak pmy-pkyk dl-lk `knajakqm-k, d {td lk fjfk lldckn kl põilj`m btdyk ad `mnqdxqm, ljcdykfdnqd btdyk ad qmnm, qm nm, ad adfk fkj jka kam m lj ljna nak k m jf jfpy pympj mpjk k pky pkyk k tntn-tn tnk k `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k nmyfk nmy fklf lfdn dnqd qd d dyj yjmm-k, k, jn jnka kad` d`tk tkak akfd fdnq nqd d kq kqæy æyj` j`k, k, m pdm pdmy, y, ad fkl ctq ctqm. m.

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@mfm `m @mfm `mn n `t `tkl{ kl{tj tjdy dy yd ydbdy bdydn dn`jk `jk,, lk lk `jq `jqk, k, bt btn` n`jm jmnk nkn7 n7 nm pmy{ pm y{td td m mn n bk bkfjl fjljky jkyd d pk pkyk yk dl põ põil ilj`m j`m,, j jnm nm pm pmy{ y{td td `m `mfi fijn jnkn kn `mn t pympjm dnqdnajfjdnqm ad lk bmyfk dn {td btn`jmnkn


lk `mk z dl-lk `knajakqm-k qyknfjqd `mn dllk tnk jfkcdn `mnb `m nbjk jkil ild, d, nd nd`d `dky kyjk jk pk pkyk yk {t {td d lk cdn cdnqd qd d ad aded ed pd pdy ytk tkaj ajy. y.

Dl dld`qmykam {td hk jam dld``jmnkam pkyk lk `kfpkûk ptdad pkyd`dy tn cytpm hmfmcêndm dn qêyfjnm ad daka m jqtk`jðn d`mnðfj d`m nðfj`k, `k, ëyd ëydk k ad ydj ydjadn` adn`jk jk m pyj pyjn`j n`jpkl pkld d pyd pydm`tp m`tpk`j k`jmnd mnd miy m iyd d lk `m `mft ftnj njak aka a z dl cm cmij ijdy dynm nm..

Fdnked z aj`tym

Lk fk fkzm zmyy pk pkyq yqd d ad lk `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k`j `jðn ðn `m `mn n dl dl dld` d`qm qmyk ykam am d yd ydkl klju juky kyë ë k qykrê adl aj`tym, dn iydrd `hkylk k dcfdnqm ad dqd dld` dl d`qm qmyk ykam, am, d dpky pkyka kam m dn pd pd{td {tdûm ûm cy cytpm tpm, , myc myckn knju juk` k`jm jmnd nd,, km`jk` km` jk`jmn jmnd, d, ltc ltckyd kyd `tl `tlqty qtykld kld z jq jqjm jm ad dfp dfpldm ldm.. Lldcky k d Lldcky dqm qm aj ajbdy bdydn dnqd qd põ põil ilj`m j`m {t {td d `m `mnb nbmy myfk fkn n dl fj fjfm fm dld`qmykam dn bmyfk dbd`qjrk `mn aj`tym, dxjcd `mfpydnady z `mft `m ftnj nj`k `ky yd d aj ajyd yd`q `qkf kfdn dnqd qd `m `mn n dl cy cytp tpm m ad qk qkll fk fknd ndyk yk {t {td d rjn`t rjn `tld ld t fd fdn nked ked ajy ajyd`q d`qkfd kfdnq nqd d k lk lk py pydm dm`t `tpk pk`jm `jmnd nd ad adll cy cytp tpm. m.

Dl fd fdn nke ked d ad adid id d dyy dn dnqy qydc dcka kam m dn `k `kak ak py pyd ddn dnqk qk`j `jðn ðn põ põil ilj` j`k, k, nm Lkp 0&A jfpmyqk dl qdfk {td d rk k adkyymllky, nm jfpmyqk lk (qydp ajfdnpjmndp* `jy` y`tn tnqkn kn` `jk, nj {t {tjjên hk hkz zk fmn mnqqkam lk j jqqtk` k`jjðn ðn55 tn adl fdnpked fmadyka fmad ykamy, my, tn mpmn mpmndnq dnqd, d, tn pdy pdyjma jmajq jqk. k. _dnky dn dl fdnked ikkam dn lk )0&A) d ad`jy, lk qyd ajfd aj fdn njm jmnd nd ad lk dl dlm` m`t` t`jð jðn n ad adll fd fdn nke ked, d, d tn it itdn dn fê fêqm qmam am55

;& Ad`yj Ad`yjijy5 ijy5 Pd qykqk adl qdfk adl `tkl d rk k hkilky5 dl-lk `kna `k naja jakq kqmm-k k ad adid id qd qdnd ndyy dl `m `mnq nqym ymll t tbj bj`j `jdn dnqd qd pk pkyk yk ad ad` `yj yjij ijyy dl qdf dfk k ad tn tnk k fk fknd ndyk yk `m `mnb nbjk jkil ild, d, {t {td d d ka kad` d`td td kl fd fdn nke ked d ad lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk k z kl põ põil ilj` j`m m kl {t {td d rk aj ajyj yjcj cjam am.. Lm fë fë jf jfpm pmyq yqkn knqqd nm d dl jn jnqd qdyy yymc mcka kamy my,, dn btn tn`j `jðn ðn ad adll `t `tkl kl cdndyklfdnq cdndyk lfdnqd d lm `knajakqm pydpkykn t klm`t` klm`t`jðn, jðn, jnm lk ktajdn`jk. Dd põi Dd põilj lj`m `m `m `mfõ fõnfd nfdnq nqd d nm jn jnbm bmyf yfka kam, m, pk pkk k fd fdnm nm ad `jn` `j n`m m fj fjntq ntqm m k lk d dfk fknk nk py pyd dqk qknam nam kq kqdn dn`j `jðn ðn k qd qdfk fk adqdyfjnkam adqdyf jnkam.. Dqd põilj`m, põilj`m, nm {tjdyd {tjdyd {td t t `knajakqm-k `knajakqm-k ld dnd dn dûd ûd m miy iyd d lk lk `m `mn nd` d`td tdn` n`jk jk ad lk dr drk kjð jðn n ad adll jf jfpt ptd dqm qm k 94

lk ydnqk pdymnkl, kæ `mfm nm {tjdyd {td tn `jyteknm ld dxpl dx plj{ j{td td dx dxk` k`qk qkfd fdnq nqd d `m `mfm fm êl m dl dllk lk yd ydkl klju jukn kn tn tnk k `j `jyt ytcæ cæk k ad `dydiym. _ymikildfdnqd æ ld pdyfjqjyækn lk dxplj`k`jðn k t Am`qmy, pdym qykqënamd ad pmlæqj`m, nm dqkyën qkn pydajptdqm k d`t`hky. Pjn df Pjn dfik ikyc ycm, m, dl põ põil ilj` j`m m pt ptda dad d d dyy qdn dnqqka kam m k d d`t `t`h `hky ky j dl dl-l -lk k `kna `k naja jakq kqmm-k k df dfjq jqd d tn pt ptnq nqm m ad rj rjq qk k {t {td d dl dllm lm `m `mfp fpky kyqd qdn. n.

9& Ajbdydn`jky5 dl-lk `knajakqm-k adid ajbdydn`jkyd ad t mpmn mp mndn dnqqd m ad k{ k{td tdll llm m {t {td d nm d dqqën ad k` k`td tdya yam m `m `mn n êl êl-d -dlllk lk.. Dn ft`hm qdfk, ptdad {td lm dld`qmyd dpd`æbj`kfdnq dpd`æbj`kfdnqd d nm d dqê qên n ad k` k`td tdya yam m `m `mn n lk yd yd`d `dqk qk ad t `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k. k. Ajbdyd Ajbd ydn` n`jk jkyy nm d k` k`t tky ky,, j jnm nm py pyd ddn dnqk qkyy lk lk d dyj yjk k aj ajbd bdyd ydn` n`jk jk `mn `m n dl mp mpmnd mndnq nqd. d. Cykn pk Cykn pkyq yqd d ad adll qy qyki kike kem m ad adll-ad ad lk `k `kna najjak akqqmm-k k d jn jnbm bmyf yfky ky k lm lm dld` dl d`qm qmyd yd ad lm lm pl plkn knd d m pt ptnq nqm m ad rj rjq qk k ad adll mp mpmn mndn dnqd qd..

0& Adq Adqkll kllky5 ky5 ½_ ½_td tdad ad dl dl-l -lk k `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k dn dnqy qyky ky dn ad adqk qkll lld d== @tknam qyknfjqd dl fdnked, d adid tky dl adqklld dn tnk ydpt yd ptd dqk qk pk pkyk yk ak akyy `y `yda dajij jijlj ljak aka a k lk py pydd ddnq nqk` k`jð jðn, n, z nk nkak ak fë fë. .

Ydljcjðn z fdnked

Hjqðy Hjq ðyj` j`kf kfdn dnqd qd,, lm lm d dbt btdy dyum um pk pkyk yk qy qykn knf fjq jqjy jy tn fd fdn nke ked d pdy pd ytk tkj jrm rm ad adpd pdna naæk ækn, n, dn bm bmyf yfk k dx dx`d `dj jrk rk,, ad pk pkyë yëim imlk lk z fdqëbm fdq ëbmyk yk `mn qdf qdfk k ydl ydljcj jcjmm mm.. Dqk qê Dqk qê`n `nj` j`k k tq tqjl jlju juk k lm lm pt ptnq nqm m `m `mft ftnd nd ad lk fm fmyk ykll z lk `t `tlq lqty tyk k ad tn põ põil ilj` j`m m ad adqd qdyf yfjn jnka kam m pk pkyk yk kb kbjk jknu nuky ky tn pt ptnq nqm m ad rj rjq qk k m miy iyd d tn ajldfk ajl dfk fma fmadyn dynm. m. Lk fdqëbmyk ydljcjmk hkn adfmqykam dy tnk hdyykfjdnqk pmadymk pkyk jltqyky lk tpydfk`æk ad lm `myyd`qm miyd lm dyykam. Lk kldcmyæk kldcmyæk ad ydljc ydljcjðn jðn z ad lk Ijilj Ijiljk k hkn etckam tn yml pmady pma dymm mm dn lk `mf `mftn tnj` j`k` k`jð jðn n pml pmlæq æqj` j`k k dn lm lm D Dqk qkam am Tn Tnja jam. m.

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Lm `knajakqm mn hmfiyd z ftedyd `mn tnk itdnk amj ad kcydj kcy djrja rjaka ka pmj pmjqjr qjrk k z tnk ktq ktqmd mdqjf qjfk k kl kltak takild ild..

Aj`jpljnk adl fdnke fdnked d

Dl kityyjfjdnqm ad ad`jy tnk z mqyk rdu lk fjfk `mk ptdad pymat`jy dn dl-lk `knajakqm-k dl addm ad rkyjky dl fdnked. Kadf Ka dfë ë,, lk fk fkzm zmyæ yæk k ad lm lm `k `kna naja jakq kqm m qj qjdn dndn dn tn tnk k kf kfpl pljk jk rkyjdaka ad qdfk ad jnqdyê z `kak aæk mn dqjftlkam pmy lk pydn py dnk k z pmy pd pdy ymnk mnk pk pkyk yk dx dxpmn pmndy dy ja jadk dk z yd ydk` k``j `jmnk mnky. y. Dn d dqd qd `m `mnq nqdx dxqm qm,, dl dl-l -lk k `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k pt ptda dad d ak akyy tn aj aj` `ty tym m kpkyqkam adl fdnked, knqd tn põilj`m adqdyfjnkam z pymat`jy dn dk ktajdn`jk tnk ydk``jðn ftz bkrmykild, lm `tkl ptdad hk`dyld pdnky {td hk pym`dajam `myyd`qkfdnqd. Dqm adid dy `mnjad `mn jadyka ykam m tn dyy dyymy my dq dqykq ykqêcj êcj`m. `m. K fd fdaj ajak ak {t {td d d ad adk kyy yyml mllk lk lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk, k, lm lm dl dld` d`qm qmyd yd d rt rtdl dlrd rdn n fë yd`dpqjrm k fdnked pmlæqj`m z lk mpmyqtnjaka pkyk lldcky k dl dllm lm kt ktfd fdnq nqk. k. Lk `k `kfpk fpkûk ûk adi adid d k k`k `kyy rd rdnq nqke kek k ad dq dqk k mpm mpmyq yqtn tnja jaka ka j jfp fpld ldfd fdnq nqd d pdyfkn pdyf knd` d`jd jdna nam m dn dl fd fdn nke ked7 d7 dr drjq jqkn knam am lk lk qd qdnq nqk` k`jm jmnd nd ad ljid lj idyk ykyy dl fd fdnk nked ed pmy pmy{t {td d dl dl-l -lk k `k `knaj najak akqm qm-k -k d j jdn dnqd qd kq kqty tyaj ajam am pmy dl mpm mpmndn ndnqd qd m lm lm fd fdaj ajm m ad `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k`j `jðn ðn.. D jfpmj jfpmjild ild tidqjfky lk mlj`j mlj`jqtad qtad {td `mfpjq `mfpjqdn dn it`knam lk kqdn`jðn z dl jnqdyê adl põilj`m. Lm dld`qmyd dxkfjnkn z `mna `m nat` t`dn dn lm fd fdaj ajm m ad `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k`j `jðn ðn,, z cd cdnd ndyk ykllfd fdnq nqd d adfk ad fkna nakn kn tn tnk k `l `lky kyk k `m `mnd ndxj xjðn ðn dn dnqy qyd d lm lm qd qdfk fk ad k ktn tnqm qm põilj põi lj`m `m z t t rj rjak ak, , `mf `mfm m `mn `mnaj aj`j `jðn ðn fæ fænj njfk fk pk pkyk yk py pyd dqk qkyy kqdn kq dn`j `jðn ðn k tn qd qdfk fk.. Dl qjdfpm d ftz `myqm. Dn `kak ptnqm ad k``dm kl dld`qmy, lk `kfpkûk qjdnd tnk iydrd mpmyqtnjaka pkyk `ktky jfpk`qm. Pj dqd jfpk`qm d pmjqjrm7 j qyknfjqd tn dnqjam ad rklmyd z miedqjrm `mfpkyqjam {td mn `mnjqdnqd ad qdfk k qdfk, dnqmn` dnq mn`d d jc jcnjb njbj`k j`k {td dldl-lk lk `kn `knaja ajakqm kqm-k -k dq dqë ë lmc lmcykn yknam am pdy pdytka tkajy. jy.

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Dl Fdnke Fdnked d Lk `l `lkr krd d pk pkyk yk lk `m `mn nj jqd qdnq nqd, d, `m `mn nqk qknq nqd d z db dbd` d`qj qjrk rk qy qykn knf fj jjð jðn n ad adll z lk `kfpkûk fdnked dqë akak pmy dl `ymnmcykfk, dl plkn adl aæk k aæk, hmyk pmy hmyk hmyk pk pkyk yk dl ad adpl pljd jdct ctd d adl adl-a -ad d lk `k `knaj najakq akqmm-k k z lm lm aj ajyj yjcd cdnq nqd d.. ajkyjk Tnm ad lm yd`tym fë rkljmm ad lk `kfpkûk d dl qjdfpm adlad l-ad ad lk `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k z õn õnj` j`kf kfdn dnqd qd tn py pymc mcyk ykfk fk pm pmyy d d`y `yjq jqm, m, {t {td d ydblded lk dqykqdcjk ad lk `kfpkûk pkyk aky dl fdnked, ptdad drjq dr jqky ky {td d rt rtdl dlrk rk aj ajpd pdy ym m m jn jn`m `mnj njq qdn dnqd qd.. K fdajak {td lk `kfpkûk krknuk, kæ lm hk`d dl ftnam ydkl. @mfjdnuk lk d`tdlk, lm qykikekamyd ad tn hmpjqkl rkn k lk htdlck, dl pkylkfdnqm pdldk ajkyjkfdnqd `mn dl _ydjadnqd z m`tp m` tpkn kn lk lk py pyjf jfdy dyk k pë pëcj cjnk nk, , lm lm dr drdn dnqm qm jn jnqd qdyn ynk` k`jm jmnk nkld ld pkyd` pky d`dn dn amf amfjn jnky ky lk lk nmq nmqj` j`jk jk dn bm bmyfk yfk yd ydct ctlk lky. y. K rd`d, lm drdnqm pkyd`dn `mnpjyky pkyk admycknjuky lk qykn qy knf fjjj jðn ðn ad adll fd fdn nke ked d m pm pmyy lm fd fdnm nm pk pkyk yk ad adr rjjky lk kqd qdn` n`jð jðn n adll fj ad fjf fm. m. Lk py pydn dnk k pm pmay ayæk æk `k `kn nky kyd d ad nt ntd dqy qym m fd fdn nke ked d yëpj yë pjakf akfdn dnqd qd z `m `mfd fdnu nuky ky k qd qdnd ndyy dn `td `tdnq nqk k m mlk lkfd fdnq nqd d lk lk nmq nmqj` j`jk jk ad `kfpkûk. _my dedfplm, `tknam hkz tn mnadm, `tknam dl-lk `knaj `k najak akqm qm-k -k `m `mfd fdqd qd tn dy dyym ymyy d dqõ qõpj pjam am m tnk fm fmrj rjak ak jn jndp dpdy dyka kak. k. Fknqdndy dl fdnked k`qjrm z k`qtkljukam dn dl fky`m ad tnk ydkljaka ad k`mnqd`jfjdnqm t`djrm z `kfijknqd, dxjcd tnk kqdn kq dn`j `jðn ðn `m `mnq nqkn knqd qd dn lk `k `kfp fpkûk kûk.. Adidyën ydkljukyd ydtnjmnd ydctlkyd miyd dl fdnked pkyk drkltk drk ltkyy dl jfp jfpk`q k`qm m ad k{t k{tdll dllm m k`m k`mnqd nqd`jf `jfjdn jdnqm qm.. Klctnm Klct nm k` k`mnq mnqd` d`jf jfjd jdnq nqm m qj qjdn dndn dn tn tnk k `m `mndx ndxjð jðn n mir mirjk jk `m `mn n dl fdnked fdn ked.. Nmq Nmqj`j j`jk k miy miyd d adl adljqm jqm `mf `mfdqj dqjam am dn lk `mf `mftnj tnjaka aka jnrjqkn kl `mf mfd dnq nqk kyjm miyd lk dctyjaka põi õillj`k z tnk `mfpkyk `mfp kyk`jð `jðn n ad pmj pmj`jm `jmnd nd dnq dnqyd yd `kn `knaja ajakqm kqm. . Lk )ityitek) ad tnk `kfpk `kfpkûk ûk fknqjdnd kjlkam kjlkam k ft`hm ad lm pkyq pk yqj` j`jp jpkn knqd qd j jn n k kid idyy ad lk rj rjak ak ad lk `m `mft ftnj njak aka, a, dn t aæ aæk k k aæ aæk. k.

Lk `kfpkûk pymikildfdnqd `mnqymlk lk nmqj`jk pmlæqj`k dn lm pdyjðaj`m z lk qdldrjjðn, pdym lm fdajm ad `mftnj`k`jðn qjdn qj dndn dn ft ft`h `hm m fë fë jn jnbm bmyf yfk` k`jð jðn n {t {td d pt ptda dad d d dyy õq õqjl jl55 Lk hj hjq qmy myjk jk ad tn cmijdynm lm`kl qykqknam miyd dl adkcüd `lmk`kl t mqyk bmyf bm yfk k ad pm pmlt lt`j `jðn ðn pt ptda dadn dn ak akyy tn tnk k fk fknd ndyk yk rj rjt tkl kl ad yd ydk klq lqky ky tn tnk k pmj`jðn miyd dl fdajm kfijdnqd. Lk pëcjnk ad lk d``jðn ad 98


`lkjbj`kam ad tn pdyjðaj `lkjbj`kam pdyjðaj`m `m dqën lldnk ad mpmyqtnj mpmyqtnjakad akad pkyk ydk yd klq lqky ky dl êx êxjq jqm m ad lm lm pd pd{t {tdû dûm m nd ndcm cm`j `jm m z dl ad adk kyy yyml mllm lm d`mnðfj`m. Dl ptnqm d, pdyfknd`dy jnbmyfkam z it`ky `mnqknqdfdnqd lk fkndyk ad `mndct fkndyk `mndctjy jy {td dl `knajakqm jnrmlt`yd jnrmlt`yd dn dl fdnked k`qjrj k`q jrjaka akad d ad lk `mf `mftnj tnjaka. aka. D tn dyymy `yddy {td lk nmqj`jk ad tnk `kfpkûk m ad pmlæqj`k mn m n fë fë jf jfpm pmyq yqkn knqd qd pk pkyk yk lm lm dl dld` d`qm qmyd yd {t {td d `t `tkl kl{t {tjd jdyy mq mqyk yk nmqj`jk. Etqkfdnqd, nm d kæ. _dym dl dyymy fë `mfõn nm d adeky ad kpymrd`hky lk mpmyqtnjaka ad dfjqjy dl fdnked knqd k`mnq k` mnqd` d`jf jfjd jdnq nqm m dr drdn dnqt qtkl kld d {td ki kiyd ydn n lk mp mpmyq myqtnj tnjaka aka pk pkyk yk hk`dylm, jnm, dl adeky ad `kpjqkljuky mqym {td bmyfkn pkyqd adl `kldnakyjm pmptlky7 `mfm, lk Nkrjaka, lk _k`tk, dl aæk adl qyki qy kike keka kamy my z mq mqym ym, , am am`d `dnk nk ad k` k`mn mnqd qd`j `jfj fjdn dnqm qm dn lk rj rjak ak ad tn tnk k `mft `m ftnj njak aka a py pymp mpmy my`j `jmn mnkn kn tn `m `mnq nqdx dxqm qm d jn jn`l `lt tm m tn lt ltck ckyy pk pkyk yk t fdnked. Mqyk bmy Mqyk myfk fk ad rk rkllja jaky ky dl fd fdn nke ked d `m `mn n tn põ põil iljj`m ad adqqdy dyfj fjnk nkam am d adfm ad fmqy qyky ky lk `k `kpk pk`j `jak aka a ad ck cknk nkyy lk ka kahd hdj jðn ðn ad yd ydbd bdyd ydnq nqd d jfpm jf pmyq yqkn knqd qd ad lk m m`j `jda daka ka.. Dn lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk k py pyd dja jadn dn`j `jkl kl ad ;: ;::9 :9,, Ijll Ij ll @l @ljn jnqm qmn n jn jn`l `ljn jnð ð dn bm bmyf yfk k db dbd` d`qj qjrk rk lk `y `ydaj dajij ijlj ljak aka a ad t pymc py mcyk ykfk fk d` d`mn mnðf ðfj` j`m m kl d dyy yd ydp pkl klak akam am pm pmyy tn cy cytp tpm m ad cknkamy ckn kamyd d adl _ydf _ydfjm jm Nmid Nmidl. l. Tn jncydajdnqd btnakfdnqkl dn dqd pym`dm ad plknjbj`k`jðn d lk `mmyajnk`jðn dnqyd rkyjk pdymnk dn tnk `kfpkûk m pkyqd ad tnk `k `kfpk fpkûk, ûk, ad adpd pdnaj najdn dnam am ad adll qk qkfk fkûm ûm ad lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk. k. Dl aj ajq qyj yjqm qm,, ptd ptdil ilm m m ad adpky pkyqk qkfd fdnq nqm m amn amnad ad d d dqë që hk hk`j `jdna dnam m `kfpkûk qdnayë pymikildfdnqd ajrjjmnd dn tn nõfdym ad ëydk ëy dk fë fë pd pd{td {tdûk ûk, , dn yd ydlk lk`j `jðn ðn k mi mied edqj qjrm rm ad ntd ntdq qyk yk `k `kfpk fpkûk. ûk. Dl dpk`jm fë jfpmyqknqd pkyk lk qyknfjjðn adl fdnked d dl põilj`m ad lm fdajm ad `mftnj`k`jðn. Dl-lk `knajakqm-k nm adid qdndy fë ad tn qdfk pmy aæk pkyk aky k `mnm`dy k qykrê ad lm fdaj ajm m. Pd adid drjqky im imf fikyad adk ky kl põ põi ilj`m `mn kpkyj`jmnd kpkyj` jmnd jn `mmyajnky `mmyajnky lm drdnqm drdnqm adnqym adnqym adl õnj`m õnj`m qdfk qdfk {td d yd ydlk lk`j `jmnk mnk `mn dl fd fdnk nked ed.. 9:

_my dedfplm, dn tn õnj`m aæk, d-lkl `knajakqm-k pmayæk rjjqky rkyjm `mldcjm, tn hmpjqkl z pmayæk hkilky `mn tnk km`jk`jðn ad `mfdy`jm k lk hmyk adl klftdyum. Dqd ptdad dy tn aæk dbd` db d`qj qjrm rm pk pkyk yk ak akyy dl fd fdnk nked ed.. _dym j dl-lk `kna _dy najjakqm-k rjjqk tn pk pkyyk ad ktl tlk k z d rd jnrm jn rmlt lt`y `yka kam m dn tn tnk k dx dxqd qdn nk k aj aj` `t tjð jðn n m miy iyd d dl `m `mn ntf tfm m z qy qyëb ëbj` j`m m ad aymck `mn lm eðrdnd, ltdcm d`t`hk miyd dl tdlam ad dnbd dn bdyf yfdy dyk k dn dl hm hmp pjq jqkl kl,, z bj bjnk nklf lfdn dnqd qd aj aj` `tq tqd d lk `y `yj jj j ad `y `yêa êajq jqm m ad lm `mfdy`jknqd, lk `kfpkûk jfpldfdnqd dqë pjajdnam k lm fdajm ad `mftnj`k`jðn {td dljek tnk ad lk ad`lkyk`jmnd adl-ad adl -ad lk `kna `knajak jakqmqm-k. k. Aæk qy Aæk qyk k aæ aæk, k, `t `tkn knam am d ak k lm lm fd fdaj ajm m ad `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k`j `jðn ðn mp`jmnd pkyk t `midyqtyk, d dqë it`knam pymildfk. Lk fkzmyæk ad lk rd`d, lk nmqj`jk dn lk qdldrjjðn dûklkyën lk kpkyj`jðn adl-ad lk `knajakqm-k dn tn ltcky adqdyfjnkam pdym jcnmy jc nmyky kyën ën pmy {t {tê ê d dqt qtrm rm kl kllæ læ..

Adbdnajdnam dl fdnked ad lk jnbltdn`jk ad lm kfjcm

Ptpmnc Ptpm nck kfm fm {t {td d lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk k hk de ded` d`tq tqka kam m tn tnk k jn jnfd fdn nk k `knqjaka ad qykikem pkyk jnrdqjcky z adkyymllky tn fdnked, z {td {t d lm hk hd hd`h `hm m ij ijd dn. _m _myy mq mqym ym lk lkam am,, pd pdn nd dfm fm {t {td d lk lk dn dn`t `td dqqk zk hkn adfmqykam {td lm miedqjrm d dqën `mfdnuknam k kl`k kl `knu nuky ky z {t {td d dl mp mpmn mndn dnqd qd d dqë që k lk ad adbd bdn njr jrk. k. Qmam jnaj`k {td lk `kfpkûk rk ijdn, pdym ydpdnqjnkfdnqd dn dl hmyj hm yjum umnq nqd d rj rjdn dnd d ll lldc dckn knam am mq mqyk yk `l `lk kd d ad mp mpmn mndn dnqd qd z pk pkyd yd`d `d bkfjljky5 D tn pkyqjakyjm, tn `mldck, tn kfjcm, pdym qjdnd fë jnqd jn qdn` n`jð jðn n ad pd pdyq yqtyi tyiky ky dl fd fdn nke ked d {td lm lm py pympj mpjm m ka kard rdy yky kyjm jm. . @mn by @mn byd` d`td tdn` n`jk jk,, dn lk lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk k,, kl klct ctnm nm ad lm lm mi miq që` ë`tl tlm m fë fë bmyfjakild pkyk lk ded`t`jðn dbd`qjrk adl fdnked tycdn adl cytp cy tpm m ad kf kfjc jcm m m `m `mld ldck ck `m `mnb nbjk jkil ild d. Lk ll lldc dcka kak k ad lk mpjnjmnd ad dqm kfjcm ptdad dy knqj`jpkak z lm pymildfk {td {t d d ld pt ptda dakn kn pl plkn knqd qdky ky.. Lm Lm )k )kfj fjcm cm) ) pt ptda dadn dn d dy5 y5

_kyqjak _kyq jakyjm yjm ad qdf qdfk k cdn cdndykl dykld d

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Dqk pdymnk `yddn {td lk `kfpkûk adidyæk dy qknqm tn pym`dm ad jltfjnk`jðn `mfm ad pdytkjðn z jdnqdn {td


dl-lk `knajakqm-k adidyæk dnbm`ky lm adqklld ad lk pmlæqj`k põilj`k. K fdntam, klctnm ad lm pkyqjakyjm fë ldkld adl-ad lk `knajakqm-k, bmyfkn pkyqd ad lk `kfpkûk adijam k lk pm pmj` j`jð jðn n ad adll-ad ad lk `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k mi miyd yd rk rkyj yjka kam m qd qdfk fk. . Tn-Tnk `knajakqm-k {td d rtdlrd aj`jpljnkam d jn`dknqd dn lk qyknfjjðn ad tn mlm fdnked pkyd`d {td nm d lk fjfk fj fk pdy pdymnk mnk {td dyk knq knqdyj dyjmyf myfdnq dnqd. d. Dn kl klct ctnm nm `k `km m, , lm lm pky pkyqj qjak akyj yjm m ptd ptdad adn n dn dnqj qjyd yd kc kcyk ykrj rjka kam m pmy dl dnqjam ad dctyjaka {td lk `kfpkûk pkyd`d hkidy bmyu bm yuka kam m kl kl-k -k lk `k `knaj najakq akqmm-k k k kam kampq pqky ky mi miyd yd k ktnq tnqm m aj ajbæ bæ`j `jld ld. . _tdad _tda d {t {td d pk pkyd ydu` u`k k {t {td d dl dl-l -lk k `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k d hk rt rtdl dlqm qm fmnmqdfëqj`m, adeknam ad `mftnj`ky dl fkqju ad qdfk m lk ajrdyk `lkd ad mpjnjmnd {td k`mqtfiykik aky dn aj`ty aj `tym m m dnq dnqydr ydrjq jqk. k. Lk mpjnjmnd ad dqm kfjcm mn jfpmyqknqd pkyk dl-lk `knajakqm-k, `knaja kqm-k, pmy dllm, adid qmfkyd dl qjdfpm pkyk dxplj`ky dl py pym` m`d dm m ad adll fd fdn nke ked d ad ada ad d dl `m `mfj fjdn dnum um55 dl ym ymll ad adll m mna nadm dm z lk nkqtyklduk ad lk ktajdn`jk, lk nd`djaka ad kpymrd`hky lk jnj`jkqjrk z adbjnjy kl-k lk `knajakqm-k `mfm cknkamy dn lk `kyy `k yydy dyk, k, z d dpd pd`j `jkl klfd fdnq nqd, d, lk bt btdy dyqd qd `mn `mnrj rj`` ``jð jðn n ad adll-ad ad lk `kna `k naja jakq kqmm-k k ad {td d `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k `m `mn n lm lm dl dld` d`qm qmyd yd. .

_kyqj _ky qjak akyj yjm m ad tn õn õnj` j`m m qd qdfk fk Klctnm ad lm pkyqjakyjm fë btdyqd mn k{tdllm {td `yddn {td lk `kfpkûk adidyæk dy dnbm`kak dn bmyfk fë yjct yj ctym ymk k mi miyd yd tn qd qdfk fk dn pk pkyq yqj` j`tl tlky ky.. Klctnk Klct nk rd rd`d `d, , d dqm qm kf kfjc jcm m yd ydpy pyd ddn dnqk qkn n aj ajq qyj yjqm qm dld` dl d`qm qmyk ykld ld bt btdy dyqd qd z k` k`qj qjrm rm, , z by byd` d`td tdnq nqdf dfdn dnqd qd de dedy dy`d `dn n jnbltdn`jk miyd lk `kfpkûk pkyk adrjky qjdfpm z kqdn`jðn k t `k `kt tk. k. Lk kq kqfð fðb bdy dyk k pm pmlæ læqj qj`k `k dn j jqt qtk` k`jm jmnd nd `m `mfm fm d dqk qk rk rkyæ yæk k dnmy dn myfd fdfd fdnq nqd d pk pkyk yk `t `tkl kl{t {tjd jdyy qj qjpm pm ad yd ydcl clk k cd cdnd ndyk ykll ad ydptdqk, pdym lk `kfpkûk ptdad plknqdky k lm pkyqjakyjm ad tn õn õnj` j`m m qd qdfk fk m miy iyd d lm lm ad adk kbæ bæm m {t {td d dn dnby bydn dnqk qk dl dl-l -lk k `knajakqm-k.

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Lk `k Lk `kfp fpkû kûk k {t {td d kp kptnq tnqkn kn hk hk`j `jk k tnk ml mlk k aj ajyd yd`` ``jð jðn n d k yy jd  c kn k { t d lm  m p m n d n qd  l k a db jn kn `m f m ydpyddnqknam tn dqyd`hm jnqdyê z kl fjfm qjdfpm, nm pdyf pd yfjq jqdn dn lk `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k`j `jðn ðn dn bm bmyf yfk k db dbd` d`qqjr jrk k `m `mn n lm lm dld`qmyd dld`q myd dld`` dld``jmnkam jmnkam.. Kæ `mfm `mn lm pkyqjakyjm ad qdfk cdndykld, d adid dxplj`ky k dqm kfjcm pkyqjakyjm ad tn õnj`m qdfk dl fdnk fd nked ed ad lk `k `kfp fpkûk kûk..

Kfjcm Kfj cm z adpd adpdnaj najdnq dnqd d Dqm mn lm nmrkqm dn lk `kfpkûk, `mfpkûdym ad lk tnjr tn jrdy dyj jak aka, a, `m `mfp fpkû kûdy dym m ad kl klcõ cõn n ad adpm pmyq yqd d m ad mb mbj` j`jn jnk. k. Pm Pmn n cdnqd ijdn jnqdn`jmnkak k {tjdnd ld ctqk qykikeky pmy tn pkyqjam dn pkyqj`tlky m `mn t kfjcm m ajbytqkn hk`jdnam ad rmltnqkyjm pkyk dl-lk `knajakqm-k, pdym {td nm qjdndn jadk ja dk miyd miyd tnk `kfpk `kfpkûk ûk dl dld` d`qm qmyk ykl. l. Dl-Lk Dl-Lk `k `knaj najak akqm qm-k -k nm adid pdyf pdyfjqj jqjyy {td pdy pdyfkn fkndu` du`kn kn ad admyj myjdnq dnqkam kam.. Dl ë ëik ikam am k lk nm nm`h `hd d dn lk k kllk ad dq qky ky ad adll-ad ad lk `k `kna najjak akqqmm-k, k, adp ad ptê tê ad tn tnk k d dfk fknk nk aj ajbæ bæ`j `jl, l, lm lm kf kfjc jcm m ad adid idn n ak akyl yld d kl kl-k -k lk `kna `k naja jakq kqmm-k k z kl fd fdnk nked ed tnk bd bdlj lj`j `jqk qk`j `jðn, ðn, z nm tnk pkq pkqka kak. k.

Bkfjljk Dl kp kpmz mzm m ad lk bk bkfj fjlj ljk k d rj rjqk qkl, l, k fd fdnt ntam am t t py pydm dm`t `tpk pk`j `jmn mnd d cjykn dn qmynm ad lk pymcykfk`jðn (fdajm m byd`tdn`jk ad qyknfjjðn adl fdnked dn dpk`jm pkckam*, fë {td dn dl fd fdn nke ked. d. Lk yd ydcl clk k d d dn` n`jl jllk lk,, lk `k `kfp fpkû kûk k ad adid id fk fknq nqdn dndy dy k lk bk bkfj fjlj ljk k `m `mfp fpld ldqk qkfd fdnq nqd d jn jnbm bmyf yfka kak k d jn jn`l `ltj tjyl ylk k dn tn dpk`jm dpk `jm ad qyk qykike ikem m kad kad`tk `tkam. am.

@mntlqmyd adkqdnqm

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Dqm mn lm m`jm dn dk bjyfk klqkfdnqd ydpdqkak {td nm it`kymn z pdyjc pdyjctjdymn tjdymn atyknqd fdd, nm pymfdq pymfdqjdymn jdymn ydqjyky lk ympk adl `knaj ajak akqqm ad lk qjnqmydyæk z hkq qk k ld ajdymn ad `mfdy k t pd pdyy yym, m, nm nm hj hj`j `jdy dymn mn bj bjyf yfky ky tn `m `mnq nqyk ykqm qm z ad rd rdya yaka ka nm nm kztak kz takym ymn n tn pm` pm`m m `m `mn n dl fd fdnk nked ed.. Lt Ltdc dcm, m, yd ydpd pdnq nqjn jnkf kfdn dnqd qd


kjcnk kjc nkym ymn n k tn pd pdy ymn mnkl kl ad `t `tky kyqm qm nj njrd rdll dn tn tnk k ad lk lk tn tnja jaka kad d ad qyki qy kike kem m ad lk `k `kfp fpkûk kûk.. _mayæk dy tnk emzk ad `mntlqmy. _dym j nm lm d, dl õlqjfm  m n a dm a d  dct jf jdn qm pm a y æk  d y `m n at ` jam `m n t n `tdqjmnkyjm ajdûkam pkyk `tkl{tjdy mqyk `kfpkûk, rdyjbj`knam qdfk jfjlkyd, pdym nm lm {td mn jfpmyqknqd pkyk ntdqyk `kfpkûk. Jctklf Jctk lfdn dnqd qd t t`d `dad ad `m `mn n lm lm fd fdaj ajm m ad `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k`j `jðn ðn pk pkck ckam am7 7 j lm dldfdnqm adl fdnked mn jfjlkyd k mqyk `kfpkûk pkyk lk {t lk {td d qy qyki kike kekn kn lm lm `m `mnt ntlq lqmyd myd, , pma pmayæ yækn kn dy cd cdnê nêyj yj`m `m, , nm ajyjcjam dn bmyfk kpympjkak k lk ktajdn`jk m ptdqm dn lk fdu`lk fdu `lk `myy `myyd`q d`qk k ad pym pymcyk cykfk` fk`jðn jðn..

Lk `kfpkûk dld`qmykld d t`dadn dn `j`lm pydad`jild, lm {td {t d j jcn cnjbj jbj`k `k {t {td d t t `m `mft ftnj nj`k `k`jm `jmnd nd d dqën qën fd fdu`l u`lka kak k `m `mn n rk rkyj yjk k am`dnk am` dnk ad mqy mqyk k `kfp `kfpkûk kûk ydc ydcjmn jmnkld kld..

Mqyk `kfpkûk

_tdad _tda d m` m`ty tyyj yjyy {t {td d klc klctn tnk k mq mqyk yk `k `kfp fpkû kûk k j jn n dn dn`t `td dqk, qk, j jn n mi mied edqjr qjrm, m, jn j n fd fdn nke ked d z `m `mn n tn fk fkll `k `kna naja jakq kqm, m, qy qykq kqd d ad dn dnck ckn` n`hk hky yd d lm fë fë btdy bt dyqd qd {t {td d d dk k pm pmj jil ild d k nt ntd dqy qyk k fë fë{t {tjn jnk k ad fd fdn nke ked. d.

Adidfm Adid fm d dyy d dpd pd`j `jkl klfd fdnq nqd d `t `tja jaka kam mm m dn `m `mnq nqym ymlk lkyy lm lm ræn` n`t tlm dnqyd ntd tdq qyk yk `kfpkûk ûk z mq mqyyk. @tk tkn nqm fë myckn myc knju jukak kak d dk k lk `k `kfpk fpkûk ûk dn qê qêyf yfjn jnm m ad db dbd` d`qj qjrj rjak aka a adl fdnked, fë pymikild d {td mqyk `kfpkûk {tjdykn kyfkyd miyd mi yd ntd ntdq qym ym py pymc mcyk ykfk fk z dr drdn dnqm qm. . Lk ydpmnkijljaka pyjfkyjk d pkyk ntdqyk pympjk `kfpkûk z `knajakqm-k.

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JR. @MN@LTPJMN

Kyfky tn fdnked nm d bë`jl, pdym tn fdnked dbd`qjrm d lk `lkr `l krd d pk pkyk yk tn tnk k `k `kfp fpkû kûk k rj rj`q `qmyj myjmk mk.. D Dqm qm jn jn`l `ltz tzd d yd ydkl klju juky ky lk jnrd jn rdq qjc jck` k`jð jðn n nd` nd`d dky kyjk jk k fd fdaj ajak ak {td ad adk kyy yyml mllk lk t fd fdn nke ked. d.

Dl fdnked ad adi id dy `ydæild pm pmyy{td py pym mrjdnd ad adll-ad lk `knaj `k najak akqm qm-k -k z ad adid id d dyy aj ajyj yjcj cjam am kl dl dld` d`qm qmyk ykam am dl dld` d``j `jmn mnkam kam..

Tnk rdu {td dl fdnked hk jam kyfkam, nm {tdakfm `mn dl fjfm, z dn dqm lk aj`jpljnk dyë tnk `tdqjðn dqykqêcj`k. Lk pdy pd ymn mnk k nd nd`d `dj jqk qkn n d d`t `t` `hk hkyy dl fd fdn nke ked d tn tnk k z mq mqyk yk rd rdu, u, pk pkyk yk {t {td d `tkna `tk nam m dn dnqy qydn dn kl `tk `tkyq yqm m mi mi`t `tym ym d dqê qên n `m `mnr nrdn` dn`ja jam m ad {t {td d ntd nt dqy qymm-k k `k `kna naja jakq kqmm-k k d `m `mnb nbjk jkil ild, d, m pm pmyy lm fd fdnm nm {t {td d dl mpmndn mpm ndnqd qd d lk mp mp`j `jðn ðn d{ d{tj tjrm` rm`ka kak. k.

Qhj pti Qhj ptilj` lj`kqj kqjmn mn sk fka fkad d pm pmj jild ild qhy qhymtc mtch h tp tppmy pmyqq pym pymrja rjada da iz qhd T. T.P. P. Kcdn`z bmy Jnqdynkqjmnkl Adrdlmpfdnq, tnady qhd qdyf mb Cyknq Nm. KD_&4128& K&??&4?08&??. Qhd mpjnjmn dxpydda dxpydda hdydjn kyd qhmd qhmd mb qhd ktqhmy(* ktqhmy(* kna am nmq nd` nd`d dkyz kyz ydb ydbld` ld`qq qhd rjd rjds s mb qhd T. T.P. P. Kcd Kcdn`z n`z bmy Jnq Jnqdyn dynkqj kqjmnk mnkll Ad Adrdl rdlmpf mpfdnq dnq..

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Manual para la Elaboración y Transmisión del Mensaje en Campañas Electorales

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