LUKISAN KEJURUTERAAN Unit 6 (Isometric View)

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\JHMJHDJH IRKOG]VIE 

Ogoj`joi ekhrg| jrjr |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie mjh oghdkaj`hyj mjvi|jmj whnwvjh kv}kdvjcie eg|jmj |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie rgv}j mioghri |ijtjihyj(

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Oghgvjhdejh ekhrg| jrjr |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie(

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Oghgvjhdejh `wfwhdeji} whnwvjh kv}kdvjcie mjajo fgh}we kfnge }idj mioghri(

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Oghgvjhdejh |gvrjojjh mjh |gvfg~jjh whnwvjh kv}kdvjcie mghdjh |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie(

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Ogofihj |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie mjvi|jmj whnwvjh kv}kdvjcie fgv|jhmwejh }i}ie }gvghmj` mjh jhje |jhj`(

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Ogaweir mioghri |ijtji |jmj |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie(

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Aweirjh rjh Egnwvw wvw}gvjj vjjh ]ihde hdej}jh =! MF\) Awei Aweirj rjh h Egnw Egnwvw vw}g }gvj vjjh jh JFM JFM(( RJOJ RJOJM M @JHI @JHIC) C) Awei Aweirj rjh h Egn Egnwv wvw} w}gv gvjj jjh h Mg Mgtj tjh h Fj` Fj`jr jrj j # \wr} \wr}je jej) j)(( Awei Aweirj rjh h Dgk Dgkog og}v }vii OM OM(( HJR HJRIIV JFM JFM OJHJ OJHJH) H) Awei Aweirj rjh h Dgk Dgkog og}v }vii Hk Hk}j }j \jhm \jhmwj wjh h \k \kai} ai}gehi gehie) e) Aweirjh rjh Dgk Dgkog og}}vi KHD EKE RGHD)

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Aweir Aweirjh jh |jhmj |jhmjhdj hdjh h irko irkog} g}vie vie fkag fkag`a `aj` j` mijh mijhdd ddj| j|ej ejh h rgfj rgfjdj djii aweir aweirjh jh }idj }idj mioghri mioghri(( Ijhyj Ijhyj ogofjh ogofjh}w }w wh}we wh}we agfi` agfi` ogoj`j ogoj`joi oi rgrwj} rgrwj}w w vgejfgh} vgejfgh}we we kfnge kfnge mghdjh owmj`( \jmj |jhmjhdjh ‒ |jhmjhdjh yjhd ajih! fijrjhyj kfnge miaweir mjajo fgh}we aweirjh kfaie! kv}kdvjcie j}jw |gvr|ge}ic( Fjdi |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie! kfnge mi|gdjhd bkhmkhd |jmj rwj}w rwmw}( Mjajo vjnj` 3(: 3(: oghwhnweejh oghwhnweejh nghir nghir ‒ nghir |jhmjhdjh |jhmjhdjh rgrwj}w rgrwj}w kfnge kfnge mjajo mjajo aweirjh aweirjh egnwvw}gvjjh(

j) \jhmjhdjh Kv}kdvjcie

b) \jhmjhdjh Kfaie

f) \jhmjhdjh Irkog}vie

m) \jhmjhdjh \gvr|ge}ic 

Vjnj` 3(: Nghir ‒ nghir |jhmjhdjh

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b) Ciwr Ejv}vin

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f) Ghdeka \w}jv 

m) Fw}ivjh Egewmj Fwofwhd

Vjnj` 3(6 Bkh}k` ‒ bkh}k` |jhmjhdjh Irkog}vie

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3(: @WFW @WFWHDE HDEJI] JI] AWEIRJ AWEIRJH H KV]KD KV]KDVJ VJCIE CIE MGHDJH MGHDJH FGH]W FGH]WE E KFNGE MJAJO ]IDJ MIOGHRI( MIOGHRI(

Aweirjh kv}kdvjcie jmjaj` ogofjh}w wh}we ogaweir |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie rw|jyj rgrwj}w kfnge rgfghjv mj|j} miai`j} mjh micj`joi mghdjh agfi` owmj` owmj` ajdi( ajdi( Mghdj Mghdjh h fjh} fjh}wj wjh h awei aweirj rjh h kv}kd kv}kdvjc vjcie ie yjhd yjhd }gvmi }gvmivi vi mjvi mjvi|j |jmj mj |jhmjhdjh |gajh! `jmj|jh mjh riri |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie mghdjh owmj` mj|j} midjofjvejh mjh miaweirejh( Mjajo vjnj` 3(2 oghwhnweejh aweirjh kv}kdvjcie mghdjh fgh}we mjajo }idj mioghri( Rgowj bkh}k` vjnj` mjajo whi} ihi jmjaj` jmjaj` whnwvjh rwmw} eg}idj! egbwjai niej miojeawoejh(

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\jhmjhdjh Irkog}vie 

riri

\jhmjhdjh Irkog}vie 

Riri

Vjnj` 3(2 Aweirjh Kv}kdvjcie mghdjh fgh}we kfnge mjajo }idj mioghri

\JHMJHDJH IRKOG]VIE

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3(6 3(6 EGHJ EGHJA\ A\JR JR]I ]I \GVR \GVRJO JOJJ JJH H MJH MJH \GVF \GVFG^ G^JJ JJH H JH]J JH]JVJ VJ WHNW WHNWVJ VJH H KV]KDVJCIE MGHDJH \JHMJHDJH IRKOG]VIE(

Mi mjajo aweirjh egnwvw}gvjjh! egnwvw}gvjjh! whnwvjh whnwvjh kv}kdvjcie kv}kdvjcie mjh |jhmjhdjh |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie irkog}vie jmjaj` rjhdj} ogogvawejh mi jh}jvj rj}w mghdjh yjhd ajih( Mghdjh i}w! }gvmj|j} |gvrjojjh mjh |gvfg~jjh mi jh}jvj egmwjhyj( 3(6( 3(6(: : \gvr \gvrjo jojj jjh h mi jh}j jh}jvj vj whnw whnwvj vjh h kv}k kv}kdv dvjc jcie ie mghd mghdjh jh |jhm |jhmjh jhdj djh h irkog}vie(

Mi jh}jvj |gvrjojjhhyj ijaj` whnwvjh kv}kdvjcie ogo|whyji }idj |jhmjhdjh |jhmjhdjh iji}w iji}w |gajh! |gajh! `jmj|jh `jmj|jh mjh riri( Vjnj` 3(= oghwhnweejh oghwhnweejh }idj |jhmjhdjh mjajo whnwvjh kv}kdvjcie(

Vjnj` 3(= Whnwvjh Kv}kdvjcie ogo|whyji }idj |jhmjhdjh

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Mjajo |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie nwdj ogo|whyji }idj |jhmjhdjh iji}w |jhmjhdjh djh |gajh! `jmj `jmj|j |jh h mjh riri( Vjnj` 3(7 mi fjtj` oghwhnweejh |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie yjhd mj|j} miai`j} mjvi jvj` }idj |jhmjhdjh(

Vjnj` 3(7 \jhmjhdjh Irkog}vie mjvi jvj` }idj |jhmjhdjh

\JHMJHDJH IRKOG]VIE

3(6( 3(6(6 6

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\gvf \gvfg~ g~jj jjh h mi jh}j jh}jvj vj whnw whnwvj vjh h kv}k kv}kdv dvjc jcie ie mghd mghdjh jh |jhm |jhmjh jhdj djh h irkog}vie(

Mi jh}jvj |gvfg~jjh yjhd mj|j} miai`j} mijh}jvj whnwvjh kv}kdvjcie mghdjh |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie ijaj` kfnge yjhd rgfghjv( Mi mjajo whnwvjh kv}kdvjcie! kfnge rgfghjv }imje mj|j} miai`j} mghdjh ngajr! egbwjai |gaweir yjhd oj`iv mjajo }gehieja rj`jnj yjhd mj|j} oghdjofjvejh kfnge rgfghjv mjvi|jmj whnwvjh kv}kdvjcie( Vjnj` 3(3 oghwhnweejh oghwhnweejh whnwvjh whnwvjh kv}kdvjc kv}kdvjcie ie yjhd yjhd `jhyj `jhyj ogofjyjhdejh ogofjyjhdejh kfnge rgfghjv(

Vjnj` 3(3 Whnwvjh kv}kdvjcie mjajo ogofjh}w ogaweir kfnge rgfghjv 

\JHMJHDJH IRKOG]VIE

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Mjajo |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie! kfnge rgfghjv mj|j} miai`j} mghdjh owmj` mjh |jhmjhdjh |gajh! `jmj|jh mjh riri mj|j} mi|gv`j}iejh mghdjh  ngajr mjajo ogofjh}w ogoj`joi kfnge rgfghjv i}w ajdi( Vjnj` 3(4 oghwhn oghwhnweej weejh h |jhmjh |jhmjhdjh djh irkog} irkog}vie vie yjhd yjhd oghdjo oghdjofjv fjvejh ejh rwj}w rwj}w kfnge rgfghjv(

Vjnj` 3(4 \jhmjhdjh Irkog}vie yjhd oghdjofjvejh kfnge rgfghjv(

\JHMJHDJH IRKOG]VIE

3(2

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OGAWEIR \JHMJHDJH IRKOG]VIE FGV\JHMWEJH ]I]IE ]GVGHMJ@ MJH JVJ@ JHJE \JHJ@ \JMJ WHNWVJH KV]KDVJCIE 3(2(: (2(: \ghd \ghdgh ghj jajh ajh

\jhm \jhmjh jhdj djh h irko irkog} g}vi viee jmja jmjaj` j` rj}w rj}w bjvj bjvj fjdi fjdi oghd oghd`j `jri riae aejh jh |jhmjhdjh kfnge mghdjh agfi` ngajr( Mjajo aweirjh egnwvw}gvjjh! `jo| `jo|iv iv rgowj rgowj awei aweirj rjh h miaw miawei eirr mjaj mjajo o whnw whnwvj vjh h kv}k kv}kdvj dvjciciee mjaj mjajo o ogofjh ogofjh}w }w ogawei ogaweirr kfnge kfnge rgfghj rgfghjvv mjajo mjajo |jhmjhd |jhmjhdjh jh irkog} irkog}vie( vie( Fjdi aweirjh |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie! rj}w |jhmjhdjh ogo|gvai`j}ejh eg}idj/}idj fj`jdijh kfnge i}w( Vjnj` 3( oghwhnweejh djvir |jeri irkog}vie( \jeri/|jeri ihi jmjaj` jrjr mjajo |gofihjjh |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie( Vjnj` 3(9 mi fjtj` |waj oghwhnweejh ejgmj` ogaweir |jeri irkog}vie(

Vjnj` 3(0 \jeri ‒ |jeri irkog}vie

\JHMJHDJH IRKOG]VIE

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Vjnj` 3(9 Ejgmj` ogaweir |jeri irkog}vie 3(2(6 3(2(6 Kfnge Kfnge yjhd yjhd miaweir miaweir mghdj mghdjh h djvirjh djvirjh irkog} irkog}vie vie

Kfnge mjajo vjnj` 3(:< miaweir mghdjh bjvj oghdjai` rgowj mioghri |jmj |jhmjhdjh kv}kdvjcie rgbjvj }gvwr eg j}jr djvir djvirjh jh irkog} irkog}vi vie( e( Vjnj Vjnj` ` 3(:< 3(:< mj|j mj|j}} ogofg ogofgvi vi |jhm |jhmwj wjh h fjdj fjdjioj iojhj hj bjvj bjvj ogawe ogaweir ir kfng kfngee }gvr }gvrgf gfw} w}(( \jmj \jmj whnw whnwvj vjh h kv}kdvjcie mjajo vjnj` 3(:< jmjaj` whnwvjh rwmw} |gv}joj(

Vjnj` 3(:< \jhmjhdjh kv}kdvjcie miaweir rgbjvj }gvwr eg j}jr djvirjh irkog}vie(

\JHMJHDJH IRKOG]VIE

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3(2(2 3(2(2 Kfnge Kfnge yjhd miawe miaweir ir mghdjh mghdjh djvirj djvirjh h ]je Irkog}vi Irkog}vie( e(

Ihi jmjaj` djvirjh |jmj kfnge yjhd oghdjeifj}ejh rwmw} fwejh }gvmivi mjvi|jmj dkakhdjh djvirjh irkog}vie( Rgowj rwmw rwmw}} }imj }imjee fkag fkag` ` mija mijai` i` rgbj rgbjvj vj }gvw }gvwrr eg j}jr j}jr djvi djvirj rjh h irkog}vie egvjhj ij fwejh |jhmjhdjh rgfghjv( Rwmw} }g|j} |jmj ewfwr ogr}iaj` midjofjvejh mghdjh rwmw} 3< < j}jw :6<< |jmj whnwvjh irkog}vie( irkog}vie( Bjvj yjhd fg}wa wh}we ogaweir rwmw} rwmw} mj|j mj|j}} miai miai`j `j}} mjaj mjajo o vjnj vjnj` ` 3(:: 3(::(( \jmj \jmj |jhmj |jhmjhdj hdjh h kv}kdvjcie mjajo vjnj` 3(:: jmjaj` whnwvjh rwmw} |gv}joj(

Vjnj` 3(:: Kfnge yjhd miaweir mghdjh djvirjh ]je Irkog}vie

\JHMJHDJH IRKOG]VIE

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3(2(= 3(2(= Kfnge Kfnge mghdj mghdjh h |gvow |gvowejjh ejjh fgvaghd fgvaghdeke eke((

Ogaw Ogawei eirr aghd aghdek ekee |jmj |jmj whnw whnwvj vjh h irko irkog} g}vi viee mghd mghdjh jh bjvj bjvj ogag}jeejh ogag}jeejh fgfgvj|j }i}ie |jmj aghdeke mi |jhmjhdjh |jhmjhdjh djvir cihi cihi}}i( Egow Egowm mijh ijh rg} rg}ij| ij| kvmi kvmihj hj}} }i}ie i}ie i}w i}w mija mijai` i`ej ejh h eg |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie rj}w mgoi rj}w( Niej }gvmj|j} mwj djvir aghd aghdek ekee yjhd yjhd rgaj rgajvi vi mjh mjh rjoj rjoj }gfj }gfja!a! bjvj bjvj ogaw ogawei eirh rhyj yj mi}wh mi}whnw nweej eejh h mjaj mjajo o vjnj vjnj` ` 3(:6 3(:6 ( \jmj \jmj whnwv whnwvjh jh kv}k kv}kdvj dvjciciee mjajo vjnj` 3(:6 jmjaj` whnwvjh rwmw} |gv}joj(

@jmj|jh

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Vjnj` 3(:6 Kfnge mghdjh |gvowejjh fgvaghdeke(

\JHMJHDJH IRKOG]VIE

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3(2(7 3(2(7 Fwaj}jh Fwaj}jh |jmj |jmj whnw whnwvjh vjh irkog}v irkog}vie ie

Fwaj}jh |jmj djvir cihi}i jejh twnwm rgfjdji rgfwj` gai|r mjaj mjajo o |jhmj |jhmjhd hdjh jh irko irkog} g}vie vie(( ]gvmj ]gvmj|j |j}} }idj }idj bjvj bjvj wh}w wh}wee ogaweir gai|r rg|gv}i yjhd mi}whnweejh mjajo vjnj`/vjnj` mi fjtj`( 3(2(7(: Bjvj : Vjnj` 3(:2)

Ihi jmjaj` bjvj |ghdjai`jh kvmihj} P mjh Y mjvi fwaj}jh |jmj |jhmjhdjh djvir cihi}i eg whnwvjh irkog}vie( Kvmihj} |jmj rjaj` rj}w ewjmvjh} rj`jnj yjhd |gvaw mijai` egvjhj yjhd ajih i}w rjo rjoj rj`jnj njvjehyj( yj( ]i}ie i}w egow egowmi mij jh mibjh}woejh mghdjh oghddwhjejh |gofjvir aghdeke(

Vjnj` 3(:2 Bjvj |ghdjai`jh kvmihj} P mjh Y

3(2(7(6 Bjvj 6 Vjnj` 3(:=)

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Mjajo bjvj ihi! rgfwj` rgdigo|j} rjoj miaweir oghdgaiaihdi fwaj}j fwaj}jh h rgv}j rgv}j mi}jof mi}jofj` j` rj}w rj}w djvirj djvirjh h |g|ghnwv |g|ghnwvw(E w(Egowm gowmijh ijh rgdigo|j} ihi miaweirejh |jmj whnwvjh irkog}vie( Je`ivhyj! egaj|jh/aj|jh }i}ie gai|r mi|gvkag`i mghdjh bjvj oghyiaj oghyiajhdej hdejh h djvirj djvirjh h |ghghdj |ghghdj` ` mjh djvirjh djvirjh |g|ghn |g|ghnwvw wvw mghdj mghdjh h fwaj fwaj}j }jh h P jmja jmjaj` j` kvmi kvmihj hj}} yjhd yjhd miag miag}j }jeej eejh h |jmj |jmj djvi djvirj rjh h |g|g |g|ghn hnwv wvw( w( Gai| Gai|rr ihi ihi mirg mirgo| o|wv wvhj hjej ejh h mghd mghdjh jh oghddwhjejh |gofjvir aghdeke(

Vjnj` 3(:= Ejgmj` rgdigo|j} rjoj ogaweir fwaj}jh |jmj whnwvjh irkog}vie(

3(2(7(2 Bjvj 2 Vjnj` 3(:7)

Bjvj Bjvj ihi ihi midw midwhj hjej ejh h eg}i eg}iej ej ogaw ogawei eirr rwj} rwj}w w gai|r gai|r(( J|jfi J|jfiaj aj ogawei ogaweirr rgfwj` rgfwj` riaihm riaihmgv! gv! }i}ie }i}ie gai|r gai|r fkag` fkag` mimj|j mimj|j}i}i mghdjh mghdjh eg}i eg}idj dj/}i /}idj dj bjvj bjvj ihi( ihi( Egowm Egowmij ijh h gai| gai|rr |jmj |jmj }j|je }j|je fkag fkag` `

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mifgh}we mghdjh bjvj |ghdjai`jh }gvwr rg|gv}i mjajo vjnj` 3(:7 (

Vjnj` 3(:7 Ogaweir gai|r mghdjh bjvj |ghdjai`jh }gvwr

3(2(3 3(2(3 Whnwvj Whnwvjh h Irkog}v Irkog}vie ie mjajo mjajo Aweir Aweirjh jh Ogrih( Ogrih(

Vjnj` 3(:3 oghwhnweejh egdwhjjh whnwvjh irkog}vie mjajo aweirjh ogrih(

\JHMJHDJH IRKOG]VIE

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\gajh

@jmj|jh

Vjnj` 3(:3 Egdwhjjh Whnwvjh Irkog}vie mjajo aweirjh Ogrih(

3(2(4 Ogaweir eir |jhmjhd jhdjh irko rkog}v g}vie fgv|j v|jhmwe mwejh }i}ie }gvghmj` mjh jvj` jhje |jhj` |jmj whnwvjh kv}kdvjcie( 3(2(4(:

Ogaweir |jh |jhmjhdjh irk irkog}vie fgv fgv|jhmwejh }i}i }i}ie e }gvg }gvghm hmj` j` |jmj |jmj whnw whnwvj vjh h kv}k kv}kdv dvjc jcie ie(( Vjnj` jmjaj` whnwvjh rwmw} |gv}joj(

\JHMJHDJH IRKOG]VIE

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@jmj|jh

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Vjnj` 3(:4 ]i}ie }gvghmj` whnwvjh kv}kdvjcie miaweir eg |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie(

3(2(4(6

Ogaweir |jhmjh mjhdjh irkog}v g}vie fgv|jhmw jhmwe ejh jvj` jhje |jhj` |jmj whnwvjh kv}kdvjcie(

Mjajo vjnj` 3(:0 jmjaj` |ghdgv}ijh jvj` jhje |jhj` fjdi |jhmjhdjh irkog}vie( \gv`j}iejh mjh ejni }ij|/}ij| aweirjh }gvrgfw}(

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Vjnj` 3(:0 \jhmjhdjh irkog}vie fgv|jhmwejh jvj` jhje |jhj` |jmj whnwvjh Kv}kdvjcie(

3(: 3(:

Awei Aweire rejh jh |jhmj |jhmjhdj hdjh h irkog} irkog}vie vie fgv|j fgv|jhm hmwej wejh h }i}ie }i}ie }gvg }gvghmj hmj` ` |jmj whnw whnwvj vjh h kv}kdvjcie mjajo vjnj` J3(: ( Vjnj` J3(: ihi jmjaj` whnwvjh rwmw} |gv}joj(

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Vjnj` J3(:

3(6 3(6

}i}ie }gvghmj`

Awei Aweire rejh jh |jhmj |jhmjhd hdjh jh irk irkog og}v }vie ie fgv|j fgv|jhm hmwej wejh h jvj` jvj` jhje jhje |jh |jhj` j` |jmj |jmj whnwvjh kv}kdvjcie mjajo vjnj` J3(6 (

Vjnj` J3(6 Rgoje njtj|jh jhmj |jmj ojeawo fjajr fgview} * }g}j|i‣niej jhmj djdja oghmj|j}  njtj|jh  njtj|jh yjhd yjhd fg}w fg}waa riaj fwj} wajhd wajhd ejni ejni j}jw j}jw oghmj|j} |ghngajrjh mjvi |ghryjvj` jhmj***(((((

OJEAWO FJAJR JE]ISI]I 3J

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N:<<:+3+ 6:

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N:<<:+3+ 66

Vjnj` 3(6< Ejgmj` oghmioghri |ihddiv |jmj rj}j` bkhmkhd

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Vjnj` 3(66 \ghmioghrijh aweirjh irkog}vie

N:<<:+3+ 62

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N:<<:+3+ 6=

Vjnj` 3(62 oghwhnweejh bkh}k` |jhmjhdjh kfnge yjhd rjoj oghdiew} }gvn }gvnjn jnjv jv mjh mjh rir} rir}go go gejj gejjvj vj`( `( \gv` \gv`j} j}iej iejh h mjh mjh ejni ejni |gvf |gvfg~ g~jj jjh h ejgm ejgmj` j` oghwair jhdej mioghri(

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N:<<:+3+ 67

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N:<<:+3+ 63

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N:<<:+3+ 64

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N:<<:+3+ 60

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N:<<:+3+ 69

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