LAPORAN PRAKTEK LAPANG MATA KULIAH BUDIDAYA AIR TAWAR SEMESTER V
OLEH : NAMA
: GUSRIANDI
KELAS : VB NIM
: 105940048110
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN JURUSAN BUDIDAYA BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MAKASSAR 2012
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kami paja!ka k"pa#a Tu$a Ya% Ma$a Esa& kar"a a!as ra$ma! #a karuia'Nya (ap)ra ii !"(a$ #apa! #is"("saika p"yusu* Lap)ra ii #isusu %ua m"("%kapi !u%as ma!a +u#i#aya air !a,ar& #"%a $arapa a%ar p"yusu m"%"r!i #a m"ma$ami !"!a% kajia pr)s"s +u#i#aya +u#i#aya u#a% ,i#u* Lap)ra ii #i$arapka #apa! #ip"(ajari s"-ara ma#iri )("$ ma$asis,a #i #a(am maupu #i (uar k"%ia!a p"rku(ia$a* K"pa#a +"r+a%ai .i$ak ya% !"(a$ +"rpar!isipasi #a(am pr)s"s p"yusua (ap)ra (ap)ra ii& kami sampaika p"%$ar%aa p"%$ar%aa #a kami kami u-apka !"rima kasi$* K"pa#a para p"m+a-a& kami +"r$arap (ap)ra ii #apa! #ima.aa!ka #"%a +aik #a #"mi p"r+aika& kami m"%$arapka a#aya masuka u!uk p"y"mpuraa m)#u( ii #i masa m"#a!a%*
Makassar& 2012
P"u(is
DAFTAR ISI
Kaa !"#$a#a%&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&'' Da(a% )*)&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&'&&&&'&&&' Ba+ 1' P"#,a-./.a#&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&' 1*1 La!ar +"(aka%//////// +"(aka%///////////// //////////******* /////******* 1*2 Tijaua #a k"%uaa///// k"%uaa/////////// ////////******/* //******/* Ba+ ' T)#a.a# !.*a2a&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&''''&&' 2*1 K(asi.ikasi L)+s!"r Air Air Ta,ar* Ta,ar*********************** ********************** *************************** ** 2*2 Sis!"m Sara. #a Chemoreseptor pa#a Crutacea .....************ .....************ Ba+ 3' M"," !%a2)2.&&&&&&&&&&&&&'& !%a2)2.&&&&&&&&&&&&&'&''''''&'''' ''''''&'''' *1 ak!u !"mpa!///////////// !"mpa!////////////////******//** ///******//** *2 M"!)#" prak!"k////// prak!"k//////////// ///////*//**********/** /*//**********/** Ba+ 4' Ha*)/ ,a# !"+a-a*a#&&&&&&& !"+a-a*a#&&&&&&&&&&''''''''''&&'''' &&&''''''''''&&'''' *1S"("ksi i#uk*************************************************************************** *2P"mija$a******************************************************************************* *P"#"#"ra**************************************************************************** Ba+ 5' K"*)!./a# ,a# *a%a#&&&&&'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&&' Da(a% !.*a2a&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&'&&&&&'
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1'1' Laa% +"/a2a#$
S"+"(um ki!a masuk k"pa#a !"kik +u#i#aya ()+s!"r air !a,ar* !a ,ar* Saya aka m"%u(as s"#iki! !"!a% S"%m" P"m+"i$a #a p"m+"sara ()+s!"r air !a,ar* Pa#a prisipya p"m+"i$a #a p"m+"sara a#a(a$ sa!u k"sa!ua ya% #apa! #i+u#i#ayaka kar"a !ujua ak$ir #ari +u#i#aya ()+s!"r air !a,ar a#a(a$ m"-ip!aka ()+s!"r air !a,ar k)sumsi* Kar"a ()+s!"r air !a,ar sa%a!(a$ mu#a$ #a !i#ak $arus m"mi(iki k"a$(ia k$usus s"p"r!i +u#i#aya u#a% (aiya a!au ika air !a,ar ya% m"mi(iki !"kik s"#"mikia rumi! #"%a sis!"m ka,i su!ik #a p"%a,asa k$usus& m"ma% u!uk ()+s!"r air !a,ar ii ya% !"rp"!i% a#a mia! u!uk m"%"rjakaya saja #"%a )ksi%" ya% -ukup #i#a(am air #a paka ya% -ukup !i#ak +"r("+i$a maka ()+s!"r aka !um+u$ s"mpura #a +)%s)r* Ti#ak Ti#ak m"yi!a ,ak!u +ayak apa+i(a +apak m"mpuyai ru!ii!as ak!i.i!as (ai* S"p"r!i +"k"rja& ()+s!"r air !a,ar #apa! #ikasi$ maka pa#a pa%i #a s)r" $ari u!uk p"m+"rsi$a k)(am #a p"s)r!ira paska pa" #apa! #i(akuka pa#a ,ak!u (i+ur* S"+a%ai p"%"!a$ua& $a+i!a! #a p"y"+ara $ua m"ra$ p"r(u ju%a #ik"!a$ui p"m+u#i#aya* p"m+u#i#aya* S"#a% +a%i ma$asis,a& sis,a& %uru& #)s" a!au ka(a%a aka#"misi (aiya +isa m"ja#i r"."r"si* Ii(a$ ya% i%i #i%am+arka #a(am ar!ik"( ii* S"m)%a +"rma.aa! +ua! a#a* Hua m"ra$ +uka u#a% as(i I#)"sia& !"!api +"rasa( #ari N"%"ri Ka%uru ya% s"%aja #i#a!a%ka s"+a%ai $",a p"(i$araa* Da(am k(asi.ikasi& $ua m"ra$ a!au R"# 3(a, !"rmasuk k"#a(am .ami(i Paras!a-i#a"* Sp"si"s u#a% ii +"r$a+i!a #i +"(a$a +umi +a%ia
s"(a!a& ya% m"(ipu!i Aus!ra(ia& I#)"sia 4a%ia Timur 5Papua6& S"(a#ia 4aru& #a Papua Nu%ii* S"(ai Paras!a-i#a"& .ami(i u#a% (aiya a#a(a$ As!a-i#a" #a 3amrari#a"* K"#ua .ami(i u#a% i!u $i#up #i +"(a$a +umi u!ara* M"uru! Ya#" Ya#" Sukmajaya #a Su$arj) 52006& ()+s!"r air !a,ar +ayak #i!"muka #i #aau& ra,a #a su%ai #i p"%uu%a* p"%uu%a* H",a ii m"yukai air ya% masi$ j"ri$* L"+i$ j"(as #iu%kapka )("$ Hu(!$uis 51776& +a$,a p"y"+ara sp"si"s 3$"ra8 m"(ipu!i +"+"rapa +a%ia S"(a!a Aus!ra(ia Aus!ra(ia 510 %"us #a 29 sp"si"s6& Iria 51 %"us #a 1 sp"si"s6* S"#a%ka m"uru! iya!) #a Har!)) 52006& #i I#)"sia& !"ru!ama #i P"raira :aya,ijaya 5Papua6 $i#up +"+"rapa sp"si"s #ari .ami(i Paras!a-i#a"& a!ara (ai 3$"ra8 m)!i-)(a& 3$"ra8 ()r"!;i& 3$"ra8 papuaa #a 3$"ra8 ,as((i* L)+s!"r air !a,ar pa#a umumya #apa! $i#up pa#a s"(a% param"!"r air ya% ("+ar* S"(ai i!u sa%a! !)("ra pa#a ka#u%a )ksi%" ya% r"#a$* T"!api #a(am k)#isi s"p"r!i i!u !i#ak +isa !um+u$ #a +"rk"m+a% +iak #"%a +aik* Pa#a ka#u%a )ksi%" ppm& ()+s!"r #apa! !um+u$ #a +"rk"m+a% #"%a +iak #"%a +aik U!uk k"$i#upaya& !i#ak s"(a(u !"r"#am air* S"(ama isa%ya #apa! !"rja%a !"!ap ("m+a+& ()+s!"r #apa! m"y"rap )ksi%" (a%su% #ari u#ara #a #apa! $i#up #a(am k"a#aa #"mikia $i%%a +"r+u(a'+u(a* U#ara ya% ( "m+a+ su#a$ -ukup u!uk m"mp"r!a$aka isa% !"!ap ("m+a+* Ta!api u!uk m"(akuka p"mija$a $arus !"r"#a air* L)+s!"r ju%a +isa $i#up #i air k"ru$* Ha( ii sa%a! m"%u!u%ka a%ar #apa! !"r$i#a$
#ari musu$ a(amiya* 4iasaya $i#up pa#a p"raira #"%a #asar +"r(umpur #"%a +"+"rapa +"+a!ua #a +"+"rapa p)!)%a -a+a% !aama* L)+s!"r ya% #ip"(i$ara pa#a (i%ku%a #"%a su+s!ra! +a"r+a!u #a +"r(umpur +isa !um+u$ ("+i$ -"pa! #i+a#i%ka #"%a ya% $i#up #"%a su+s!ra! +ua!a& misa(ya #ari p(as!ik*
1' T..a# T..a# ,a# K"$.#aa#' Prak!ikum (apa% ii +"r!ujua u!uk m"mp"rk"a(ka pr)s"s +u#i#aya ()+s!"r air !a,ar* S"(ai i!u prak!ikum ju%a m"am+a$ p"%a(ama ma$asis,a ma$asis,a #a(am m"%"a( +"r+a%ai +"r+a%ai j"is ()+s!"r air !a,ar +"r#asarka +"!uk& ukura& #a ,ara ya% #apa! #i+u#i#ayaka*
S"#a%ka k"%uaaya k"%uaaya yai!u a%ar ma$asis,a #apa! m"%ama!i #a m"%"!a$ui ()+s!"r s"-ara (a%su% #a(am !"$ik +u#i#aya ()+s!"r air !a,ar*
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1
Klasifkasi Lobster Air Tawar (Cherax (Cherax
quadricarinatus) quadricarinatus)
L)+s!"r air !a,ar ii s"ri% #is"+u! #"%a ama Queensland red claw a!au red claw * Cherax quadricarinatus a#a(a$ sa(a$ sa!u j"is ()+s!"r air !a,ar ya% +"rasa( #ari Aus!ra(ia* L)+s!"r ii +ayak #i!"muka #i su%ai air #"ras s"r!a #aau #i pa!ai u!ara #a"ra$ !imur (au! ?> #ia-u #a(am 4"((" 20106@ Ki%#)m @ Aima(ia Fi(um @ Ar!$r)p)#a Su+.i(um @ 3rus!a-"a" K"(as @ Ma(a-)s!ra-a r#) @ D"-ap)#a Fami(i @ Paras!a-i#a" Sp"-i"s @ Cherax quadricarinatus Red claw $i#up pa#a p"raira #ara! #"%a su$u air +"rkisar 20 B 1 )3 5i#"a( 2? B 27 )36& pH air 9& #a k"sa#a$a air 10 B 20 )#H* Pa#a umur ?'9 +u(a& ()+s!"r su#a$ mu(ai m"mija$ #a +"r!"(ur* Da(am s"ka(i m"mija$& jum(a$ !"(ur ya% #i$asi(ka #apa! m"-apai 100 B 200 +u!ir* S"m"!ara jika su#a$ m"-apai sa!u !a$u& pr)#uksi !"(urya m"-apai ?00 B 1000 +u!irC"k)r* Da(am ,ak!u s"!a$u& i#uk +"!ia mampu +"r!"(ur $i%%a = ka(i*
am+ar 2 M)r.)()%i #a +a%ia'+a%ia u!ama !u+u$ ()+s!"r air !a,ar* 5A)im 20126 M)r.)()%i !u+u$ ()+s!"r !"r#iri #ari #ua +a%ia& yai!u +a%ia #"pa #a +a%ia +"(aka%* 4a%ia #"pa !"r#iri #ari +a%ia k"pa(a #a #a#a* K"#ua +a%ia i!u #is"+u! cephalothorac. K"pa(a ()+s!"r #i!u!upi )("$ -a%ka% k"pa(a& ya% #is"+u! carapace 5karapas6* K"()pak k"pa(a +a%ia #"pa #is"+u! rostrum* rostrum* 4"!ukya ru-i% #a +"r%"ri%i* K"pa(a ()+s!"r !"r#iri #ari "am ruas* Pa#a +a%ia i!u !"r#apa! +"+"rapa )r%a (ai* S"pasa% ma!a +"ra#a pa#a ruas p"r!ama* K"#ua ma!a i!u m"mi(iki !a%kai #a +isa +"r%"rak* Pa#a ruas k"#ua #a k"!i%a !"r#apa! su%u! k"-i(& ya% #is"+u! antennula& antennula& #a su%u! +"sar ya% #is"+u! antenna* antenna* S"#a%ka pa#a ruas k""mpa!& k"(ima #a k""am !"r#apa! ra$a% 5mandibula6& mandibula6& maxilla I #a maxilla II* K"!i%a +a%ia ii +"r.u%si s"+a%ai a(a! maka 5iya!) #a Har!)) 200 #ia-u #a(am Susa!) 20106* r%a (ai ya% a#a pa#a +a%ia k"pa(a a#a(a$ kaki ja(a& jum(a$ya "mpa! pasa%& #"%a ukura kaki pa(i% #"pa ("+i$ +"sar* 4a%ia +"(aka% !"r#iri #ari +a#a #a "k)r* K"#ua +a%ia i!u #is"+u! abdomen* abdomen*
Pa#a +a%ia a!as a+#)m" #i!u!upi #"%a "am +ua$ k"()pak& s"#a%ka +a%ia +a,a$ya +a,a$ya !i#ak !"r!u!up& !"!api +"risi "am kaki r"a% 5 pleopoda6* pleopoda6* Ek)r !"r#iri #ari +a%ia !"%a$ ya% #is"+u! !elson !elson #a +a%ia sampi% ya% #is"+u! uropoda* uropoda* L)+s!"r air !a,ar m"rupaka $",a ya% s"(uru$ !u+u$ya !"r+u%kus -a%ka% 5ekternal 5ekternal skeleton6* skeleton6* L)+s!"r air !a,ar m"mi(iki a(a! p"("%kap pa#a +a%ia (uar& yai!u @ 516 s"pasa% a!"a ya% +"r.u%si s"+a%ai p"rasa #a p"ra+a !"r$a#ap paka #a k)#isi (i%ku%a& 526 s"pasa% a!"u(a ya% +"r.u%si s"+a%ai a(a! p"-iuma& mu(u! #a s"pasa% -api! 5cheliped 5 cheliped 6 ya% ("+ar #"%a ukura ("+i$ paja% jika #i+a#i%ka #"%a ruas #asar -api!ya& 56 "am ruas +a#a 5abdomen6 abdomen6 s"#iki! m"mipi$ #"%a ("+ar ra!a'ra!a $ampir sama #"%a ("+ar k"pa(a& 56 "k)r* Ek)r !"r#iri #ari "k)r !"%a$ 5telson6 telson6 m"mipi$& s"#iki! ("+ar #a #i("%kapi #uri'#uri $a(us ya% mu-u( #i s"mua +a%ia !"pi "k)r* 4a%ia "k)r (aiya a#a(a$ #ua pasa% "k)r sampi% 5uropod 5 uropod 6 ya% ju%a m"mipi$* 5=6 Eam pasa% kaki r"a% 5 pleopoda6 pleopoda6 ya% +"rp"ra #a(am m"(akuka %"raka r"a%* Disampi% s"+a%ai a(a! +"r"a%& kaki i#uk pa#a ()+s!"r +"!ia #i%uaka s"+a%ai a(a! u!uk m"am+a$ )ksi%" #"%a p"r%"rakaya* S"(ai i!u ju%a #i%uaka u!uk m"m+"rsi$ka !"(ur a!au (ara #ari !umpuka k)!)ra ya% !"r"#ap& 5?6 "mpa! pasa% kaki ja(a 5 pereipoda6 pereipoda6 5Iska#ar 200 #ia-u #a(am Susa!) 20106*
Sis!"m p"r"#ara #ara$ ()+s!"r a#a(a$ sis!"m p"r"#ara #ara$ !"r+uka* D"%a sis!"m ii ()+s!"r !i#ak m"mpuyai ar!"ri a!au "a u!uk m"%a(irka #ara$ya* Dara$ ya% m"%a#u% )ksi%" #ip)mpa )("$ ja!u% k" s"(uru$ !u+u$* !u+u$* Dara$ !i#ak m"%a#u% m"%a#u% $"m)%()+i& m"(aika $"m)siai ya% #aya ika!ya !"r$a#ap 2 r"#a$ 5Luki!) #a Prayu%) 20096*
2.2 2.2
Sistem Sistem Sara Sara dan dan Chem Chemore oresep septo tor r pada pada Cruta Crutaea ea Sis!"m sara. pusa! pa#a crustacea !"r#iri #ari sara. "!ra(
+"r%a#a ya% #i$u+u%ka sa!u sama (ai #"%a %a%(ia* a%(ia +"rsi.a! sa%a! k)mp("ks& #"%a %a%(ia ya% !"r+"sar !"r#apa! pa#a uju% a!"ri)r* a%(ia +"r.u%si s"+a%ai )!ak* Crustacea #apa! $i#up !a$ua #a m"mpuyai )!ak ya% samar 5pa(su6& #a(am $a( ukura #a k)mp("ksi!asya& k)mp("ksi!asya& +"+"rapa m"y"+u!ka )!ak pa#a crustacea mirip a!ara )-!)pus #a s"ra%%a 5Sa#"rma et al * 1772 #ia-u #a(am 4arr et al * 200>6* Ui!'ui! s"s)ri +"rk"m+a% s"iri% #"%a .r"ku"si moulting s"(ama masa p"r!um+u$a #a #ip"%aru$i )("$ masa $i#up #ari r"%""rasi s"( sara. 54"(!; #a Sa#"ma 200 #ia-u #a(am E(,))# 20076* S"(ama ecdysis& ecdysis& crustacea +"ra#a #a(am k)#isi ya% ra,a& #a s"+a%ai aki+a! p"i%ka!a !a$ap k)mp("ksi!as #ari s"s)r apara!usya& !am+a$a .u%si s"s)r ya% +aru $arus s"%"ra !"r+"!uk 5 A(i 17>9 #ia-u #a(am E(,))# 20076* Pa#a crustacea& crustacea& r"s"p!)r "ur) #ik"mas #a(am ku!iku(a #ari "ks)sk"("!) ya% #is"+u! sensilla 5D"r+y #a S!"u(("! 2001 #ia-u #a(am
E(,))# 20076* Sensilla aka m"yampaika s!imu(a m"(a(ui neuron sensory k" )r%a a!au +a%ia ya% #i!uju* 4"ra%am j"is r"s"p!)r #i!"muka pa#a p"rmukaa !"rmasuk mechanoreceptor & chemoreceptor & #a bimodal sensillae 5A(i 17>9 #ia-u #a(am E(,))# 20076* Chemosensilla !"r#apa! pa#a $ampir #i s"(uru$ p"rmukaa "ks)sk"("!) #a m"mu%kika p"#"!"ksia !"r$a#ap p"ru+a$a'p"ru+a$a kimia pa#a (i%ku%a 5D"r+y #a S!"u(("! 2001 #ia-u #a(am E(,))# 20076* Chemosensilla aka m"#is!ri+usika p"sa +"rupa s!imu(a kimia k" s"(uru$ p"rmukaa !u+u$ ()+s!"r& !"rmasuk antenna& antenna& antenulla& antenulla& mu(u!& ("%a 5-api! #a kaki6& chepalothorax & abdomen #a telson 5D"r+y 17>2&17>7 D"r+y #a A!"ma 17>2a Sp"-"r 17>? Ti"r"y et al * 17>> Ha((+"r% "! a( 1779 3a!" #a D"r+y 2000& 2001 #ia-u #a(am S!"u(("! et al * 20016* P""rimaa ra%sa% 5s!imu(a6 +"rupa +au pa#a k"(as crustacea #i(akuka s"-ara -"pa! )("$ p"(ipa!a #ua .(a%"(a pa#a !iap pasa% a!"aya 5antenna 5antenna #a antennula6* antennula6* Dua flagella m"rupaka p"yusu s"!iap ruas a!"a* S"!iap s"%m" flagella 5flagellum6 flagellum6 #is"+u! au((i 5La"ra-k 17? S!"u(("! et al * 2000 #ia-u #a(am Dai"( 200>6* F(a%"(a (a!"ra( !"r#iri #ari aestethasc sensilla ya% m"rupaka !"mpa! +a%i unimodal neuron chemosensory * N"ur) s"s)ri pa#a aestethasc #a nonaesthetasc sensilla +"rak$ir pa#a s"parasi +a%ia )!ak& ()+us )(.ak!)ri& #a "ur)pi( pa#a a!"a (a!"ra(* L)+s!"r #a crustacea m"mpuyai +"ra%am j"is !ip" setae 5S!"u(("! 20016* Aestethacs 20016* Aestethacs !"r#apa! pa#a +a%ia
ya% #is"+u! setae 5s"p"r!i ram+u! $a(us6* Setae #ik"!a$ui +"r.u%si s"+a%ai p"#"!"ksi "ks!"ra( aka a#aya k"mu%kia p"ru+a$a (i%ku%a* S!u#i ya% ("+i$ m"#a(am m"%"ai setae pa#a crustacea 5#a(am $a( $a( ii ii pa#a pa#a Panulirus argus6 argus6 #i(aku #i(akuka ka )("$ )("$ Dai"( Dai"( et al * 5200>6* K"(as m"mi(ik (ikii k"+" k"+"ra ra%a %ama ma setae ya% ya% +"rs +"rsi.a i.a!! impr impr"s "si. i. pa#a pa#a crust rusta acea cea m"mi p"rmuk p"rmukaa aa "ks)sk "ks)sk"(" "("!) !)ya ya&& #"%a #"%a jum(a$ jum(a$ !"r+"s !"r+"sar ar +"ra#a +"ra#a pa#a pa#a antennula* antennula* Antennula !"(a$ !"(a$ #ii#" #ii#"!i.i !i.ikas kasii s"+a% s"+a%ai ai m"#ia! m"#ia!)r )r p""ri p""rima ma ra%sa ra%sa% % ya% ya% +"rsi +"rsi.a! .a! kimia* kimia* A!" A!"a a +"r.u +"r.u%si %si s"+a% s"+a%ai ai p"#uk p"#uku% u% +"+"ra +"+"rapa pa p"ri(a p"ri(aku ku pa#a pa#a k"(as k"(as crustacea& crustacea& !"rmasuk !"rmasuk m"-ari m"-ari pasa%a pasa%a&& p"r! p"r!a$ a$a aa a #iri& #iri& p"(ip p"(ipa! a!a a antennula& p"-iuma ma antennula& antennula antennula grooming grooming & p"-iu !"r$a#ap makaa& #a k"%ia!a m"maja!*
BAB III METODE PRAKTEK
3'1
Wa2. ,a# T"!a Prak!"k (apa% ii #i(aksaaka pa#a !a%%a( 27 B N)"m+"r '
2012& +"r()kasi #i ka+upa!" !aka(ar& #"sa +)!)()"& K"-* a("s)% s"(a!a*
3'
M"," P%a2"2
M"!)#" prak!"k (apa% ya% #i(akuka s"(ama pak!"k +"r(a%su% yai!u@ 3'' 3''1 1 Wa6a#7 6a#7a% a%a a M"(akuka !aya ja,a+ #"%a s!a.. #"isi Taka(ar #i()kasi prak!"k (apa%& $a( ii +"r!ujua u!uk m"#apa!ka p"%"!a$ua ya% ("+i$ +ayak !"!a% +u#i#aya ()+s!"r air !a,ar #a s"+a%ai +a$a !am+a$a i.)rmasi ya% -ukup p"!i%& a%ar a!iya #apa! m"-ari s)(usi apa+i(a m"#apa!ka masa(a$ #i(apa%a*
3'' 3'' P"#7 P"#7a aa aa# a# Daa Daa M"-a! M"-a!a! a! s"!iap s"!iap #a!a #a!a ya% ya% #ip"r) #ip"r)("$ ("$ s"(am s"(ama a k"%ia k"%ia!a !a prak!" prak!"k k (apa% (apa% 5Da!a Prim"r6 Prim"r6 s"r!a #a!a ya% ya% #ip"r)("$ #ip"r)("$ #ari s!u#i s!u#i (i!"ra!ur ya% ya% +"r%ua #a(am p"yusua (ap)ra 5Da!a S"ku#"r6*
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
4'1S"/"2*) )#,.2' 4'1' 4'1'1 1 P"" P""/)/)-a% a%aa aa# # )#, )#,.2 .2 P"ma(i$araa i#uk #i(akuka #a(am +ak .i+r" a!au +ak +"!)* 3araya& siapka +ak .i+r" %(ass a!au +ak +"!) +"rukura paja% 2 m& ("+ar 1 m #a !i%%i 1 m k"ri%ka s"(ama B = $ari isi air s"!i%%i 0 B = -m masuka p"(i#u% +"rupa p)!)%a pipa para() +"r#iam"!"r i-$i #"%a paja% 1= ' 20 -m !"+ar i#uk s"+ayak 10 B 1= "k)rCm2 5ja!a #a +"!ia !"rpisa$6 +"ri paka s"!iap $ari +"rupa p"("! u#a% #"%a #iam"!"r 1 mm #a paja% mm s"+ayak 2 B +u!irC "k)r p"m"(i$araa i#uk #i(akuka s"(ama 2 B mi%%u #a s"!iap !i%a $ari air #i%a!i G +a%iaya* 4'1' 4'1' S"/" S"/"2* 2*)) )#,. )#,.2 2 S"("ksi i#uk #i(akuka #"%a m"(i$a! !a#a'!a#a !u+u$* I#uk ja!a ya% ma!a% k"(ami k"(ami #i-irika #"%a %"i!a( %"i!a( p)r" +"r+"!uk s"p"r!i s"(a% k"-i( 5p"!as$ma6 ya% !"r("!ak pa#a !a%kai kaki ja(a k"(ima& -arapa-" 5k"pa(a6 ("+i$ +"sar #ari a+#)m" 5+a#a6& ,ara ("+i$ -"ra$ #ari i#uk ya% +"(um ma!a% a!au i#uk +"!ia* S"#a%ka i#uk +"!ia #i-irika #"%a %"i!a( p)r" 5!$"(y-um6 s"p"r!i (u+a% a!ara kaki ja(a k"#ua #a k"!i%a& -arapa-" ("+i$ k"-i( #ari a+#)m" #a ,ara !u+u$ ("+i$ kusam ari i#uk ja!a a!au sama #"%a i#uk ja!a ya% +"(um ma!a%* Pa#a umumya ukura !u+u$ #a -api! ja!a ("+i$ +"sar #ari +"!ia*
4'PEMIJAHAN
P"mija$a #i(akuka #a(am +ak .i+r" a!au +ak +"!)* 3araya& siapka +ak .i+r" %(ass a!au +ak +"!) +"rukura paja% 2 m& ("+ar 1 m #a !i%%i 1 m k"ri%ka s"(ama B = $ari isi air s"!i%%i 0 B = -m masuka p"(i#u% +"rupa p)!)%a pipa para() +"r#iam"!"r i-$i #"%a paja% 1= ' 20 -m !"+ar i#uk s"+ayak 10 B 1= "k)rCm2 !"+ar = "k)r i#uk +"!ia !"+ar "k)r i#uk ja!a +"ri 2 B +u!i! p"("! u#a% s"!iap $ari 5ja!a #a +"!ia !"rpisa$6 +"ri paka s"!iap $ari +"rupa p"("! u#a% #"%a #iam"!"r 1 mm #a paja% mm s"+ayak 2 B +u!irC "k)r p"m"(i$araa i#uk #i(akuka s"(ama 2 B mi%%u #a s"!iap !i%a $ari air #i%a!i G +a%iaya* 4''1 4''1 S"/"2* S"/"2*)) )#,.2 )#,.2 a#$ a#$ *., *.,aa- ") ")aaS"("ksi i#uk ya% su#a$ m"mija$ #i(akuka #"%a m"(i$a! !a#a'!a#a !u+u$* 3araya& k"ri%ka +ak $i%%a k"!i%%ia ? -m !a%kap i#uk'i#uk +"!ia ya% su#a$ +"risi !"(ur +"r,ara kui% !ua a!au -)k(a! masuka k" #a(am ,ask)m +"sar ya% #i+"ri a"rasi ( akuka s"("ksi u(a% a%ar m"#apa!ka i#uk ya% +"!u('+"!u( ma!a% %)a# masuka k" #a(am ,ask)m (ai* 3a!a!a @ ja%a m"a%ka m "a%ka #"%a s"kup "!& kar"a +isa m"y"+a+ka i#uk ka%"! #a !"(urya ja!u$* Ta%kap #"%a k"#ua !a%a& sa!u u!uk m"m"%a% k"pa(a sa!u (a%i u!uk m"m"%a% "k)r* 4'' 4'' P"#$"% P"#$"%aa aa# # "/.% "/.% ,a# ,a# !"#"a !"#"a*a# *a#'' P"%"rama !"(ur #i(akuka #i akuarium* 3araya @ siapka s"+ua$ akuarium ukura paja% ?0 -m& ("+ar 0 -m #a !i%%i 0 -m k"ri%ka s"(ama 2 $ari isi air s"!i%%i 0 -m pasa% #ua +ua$ !i!ik
a"rasi #a $i#upka s"(ama p"%"rama masuka 1 "k)r i#uk ya% su#a$ +"r!"(ur +"ri 2 B +u!ir p"("! u#a% s"!iap $ari %a!i air G +a%iaya s"!pa !i%a $ari s"ka(i* 4'' 4''3 3 P"% P"%# #2 2a# a# "/. "/.%' %' P"r)!)ka !"(ur #i(akuka s"!"(a$ masa p"%"rama +"r(a%su% s"(ama 0 B 2 $ari* 3araya& suru!ka air $i%%a 20 -m& !a%kap i#uk #"%a s"kup "! #a a%ka! k" a!as akuarium& !a%kap i#uk #"%a !a%a& -"(upka i#uk k" #a(am air akuarium i!u +"rka(i'ka(i $i%%a (ara #a(am !u+u$ $a+is k"m+a(ika i#uk k" !"mpa! p"m"(i$araa isi air akuarium !a#i $i%%a m"-apai k"!i%%ia s"mu(a +iarka s"(ama s"mi%%u*
4'' 4''4 4 P"" P""/)/)-a% a%aa aa# # /a% /a%a' a' P"m"(i$araa #i(akuka #a(am +ak .i+r" a!au +ak +"!)* 3araya& siapka +ak .i+r" %(ass a!au +ak +"!) +"rukura paja% 2 m& ("+ar 1 m #a !i%%i 1 m k"ri%ka s"(ama B = $ari isi air s"!i%%i 0 B = -m masuka p"(i#u% +"rupa p)!)%a pipa para() +"r#iam"!"r i-$i #"%a paja% 1= ' 20 -m !a%kap (ara (ar a #ari akuarium p"r)!)ka& masuka k" #a(am +ask)m $i!u% jum(a$ya !"+ar =0 "k)r (araCm2 +"ri 100 %ram !"pu% p"("!C1*000 "k)"r (ara (akuka pa" s"+u(a k"mu#ia* 4'3P"#,","%a# 4'3' 4'3'1 1 P"#, P"#,", ","% "%a# a# 1 P"#"#"ra p"r!ama #i(akuka #i k)(am !aa$* 3araya @ siapka k)(am ukura 100 m2 k"ri%ka B = $ari p"r+aiki s"(uru$ +a%iaya +ua!ka k"ma(irya ra!aka !aa$ #asarya !"+arka 2 karu% k)!)ra
ayam a!au puyu$ isi air s"!i%%i 0 -m #a r"#am s"(ama = $ari 5air !i#ak #ia(irka6 !"+ar =*000 "k)r (ara pa#a pa%i $ari s"!"(a$ 2 $ari& +"ri 0&= B 1 !"pu% p"("! a!au p"("! ya% !"(a$ #ir"#am s"!iap $ari pa" +"i$ #i(akuka s"!"(a$ +"rumur mi%%u* 4'3' 4'3' P"#, P"#,", ","% "%a# a# II' II' P"#"#"ra k"#ua ju%a #i(akuka #i k)(am !aa$* 3araya @ siapka k)(am ukura 100 m2 k"ri%ka B = $ari p"r+aiki s"(uru$ +a%iaya +ua!ka k"ma(irya ra!aka !aa$ #asarya !"+arka 2 karu% k)!)ra ayam a!au puyu$ isi air s"!i%%i 0 -m #a r"#am s"(ama = $ari 5air !i#ak #ia(irka6 !"+ar *000 "k)r +"i$ #ari p"#"#"ra I 5!"(a$ #is"("ksi6 +"ri 1 ' 2 k% !"pu% p"("! a!au p"("! ya% !"(a$ #ir"#am s"!iap $ari pa" +"i$ #i(akuka s"!"(a$ +"rumur s"+u(a*
4'3' 4'3'3 3 P"#, P"#,", ","% "%a# a# III III'' P"#"#"ra k"!i%a #i(akuka #i k)(am !aa$* 3araya @ siapka k)(am ukura 100 m2 k"ri%ka B = $ari p"r+aiki s"(uru$ +a%iaya +ua!ka k"ma(irya ra!aka !aa$ #asarya !"+arka 2 karu% k)!)ra ayam a!au puyu$ isi air s"!i%%i 0 -m #a r"#am s"(ama = $ari 5air !i#ak #ia(irka6 !"+ar 2*000 "k)r $asi( #ari p"#"#"ra II 5!"(a$ #is"("ksi6 +"ri B = k% p"("! k"-i( 5k$usus u#a%6 pa" +"i$ #i(akuka s"+u(a k"mu#ia* 4'4PEMBESARAN P"m+"sara ()+s!"r air !a,ar #i(akuka #i k)(am !aa$* 3araya @ siapka s"+ua$ k)(am ukura 200 m2 p"r+aiki s"(uru$ +a%iaya
!"+arka karu% k)!)ra ayam a!au puyu$ isi air s"!i%%i 0 ' ?0 -m #a r"#am s"(ama = $ari masuka ?*000 "k)r +"i$ $asi( s"("ksi #ari p"#"#"ra III +"ri paka p"rs" s"!iap $ari& k% #i a,a( p"m"(i$araa #a +"r!am+a$ !"rus s"suai #"%a +"ra! ika a(irka air s"-ara k)!iyu (akuka pa" s"!"(a$ +u(a* S"+ua$ k)(am #apa! m"%$asi(ka k)sumsi k)sumsi +"ukura 20 B 0 %ram >0 B 100 k%* 4'5KEBUTUHAN' Apa ya% #i+u!u$ka #i+u!u$ka u!uk s"%m" p"m+"Ni$a p"m+"Ni$a #a p"m+"sara p"m+"sara
4'5'1 '5'1 P"+ "+"#)"#)-a a# P"m+"i$am a#a(a$ m"%$asi(ka +i+i! a!au aaka ()+s!"r air !a,ar $i%%a ukura 2 I-i* Ya% Ya% #ip"r(uka a#a(a$ I#uk 4"rkua(i!as ya% !i#ak mu#a$ !"rs"ra% p"yaki! #a +uka #ari $asi( p"r,akia s"#ara$ 5i+r""#i%6 pasa(ya p"rka,aia s"#ara$ aka m"%$asi(ka ()+s!"r +"rk"(ami %a#a a!au i!"rs"8* Kara IL3 Farm sa%a! m"ja%a s"ka(i m"#apa!ka i#uka #"%a m"(akuka s"("-!i" +r""#i% ar!iya kami m"(akuka s"("-!i" s"ka(i u!uk p"r!um+u$a ( )+s!"r ya% p"r!um+u$aya p"r!um+u$aya pa(i% -"pa! #ia!ara ya% (ai #a(am sa!u %""rasi& i!u kami pisa$ka a!ara k"(ami ja!a #a +"!ia pa#a ukura 2 i-i a%ar pa#a saa! m"%ijak #",asa ()+!"r !"rs"+u! !i#ak ka,i #a(am usia #ii* Apa ya% #i+u!u$ka #i+u!u$ka pa#a s"%m" p"m+"i$a p"m+"i$a a#a(a$ i#uk i#uk ()+!"r air !a,ar ya% kami pak"! #a(am ukura SET* SET* 1 s"! 5= +"!iaja!a6 #"%a k"pa#a!a !"mpa! p"m+"sara =0-mJ=0-m #"%a !i%%i air mak 0 -m #"%a a!ap !"r!u!up a!au +isa m"m+"ri a!ap
s"+ua$ para"! u!uk !aama a%"r"k a!au T"rpa(* U!uk k)(am p"rka,aia #iusa$aka mak 1 s"! 1m2* kara a!iya ka(au kapasi!as s"#iki! s"#a%ka k)(am !"r(a(u +"sar i!u aka m"%ura%i ()+s!"r m"mi(i$ pasa%aya* Kara .r"k,"si m"r"ka jara% +"r!"mu* Da u!uk m"#iaya p"m+"i$a !i#ak $arus m"mi(iki (a$a ya% !"r(a(u (uas p"rka,ia i#uka -ukup m"%uaka auarium a!au k)(am s"m" #a p"m+"sara akaa $i%%a ukura 2 i-i #apa! #i(akuka #ik)(am s"m" ju%a* 4'5' '5' P"+ "+"*a% "*a%a# a# P"m+"sara a#a(a$ m"%$asi(ka ()+!"r ukura k)sumsi& +iasaya u!uk ()+s!"r air !a,ar ya% #isajika #i r"s!)ra ukura P"r K% isi 10'12 "k)r* Apa Apa ya% #i+u!u$aka yai!u +i+i! ()+s!"r air !a,ar ukura 2 i-i u!uk p"m+"sara* Da ii $arus m"mi(iki (a$a ( a$a a%ak s"#iki! +"sar #a kami saraka u!uk p"m+"sara $arus k)(am !aa$* Kar"a k)(am !aa$ m"mi(iki s!ruk!ur !aa$ u!uk ()+s!"r $i#up s"p"r!i #i$a+i!a! as(iya& karaa saya su#a$ m"ris"! m"m+a#i%ka p"m+"sara #i auarium& k)(am s"m"& +ak .i+"r& k)(am !"rpa(& k)(am karp"r !"!api !"!ap k)(am !aa% m"%$asi(ka p"r!um+u$a ya% ("+i$ -"pa! #ari ya% (aiya* maksima( 10 "k)r p"r m"!"r* Da ii $arus #ipisa$ka a!ara j"is k"(ami +"!ia #a ja!a a%ar k"!ika p"m+"sara ()+s!"r !i#ak ka,i* Da #iusa$aka u!uk k"(ami ja!a saja ya% #i+"sarka kar"a m"ma% ja!a ("+i$ -"pa! p"m+"sara #is+a#i% +"!ia* P"m+"i$a #a p"m+"sara pa#a #asarya m"ja#i sa!u k"sa!ua * a,a(ya $aya i#uk ()+s!"r air !a,ar ya% #ika,ika #a(am
k)(am s"m" s"!"(a$ 2 mi%%u k)(am #ikuras s"mua maka aka a#a ()+s!"r ya% su#a$ %"#i% !"(ur #ipi#a$ka k"#a(am k)(am a!au auarium u!uk masa p"%"rama 1 +u(a s"!"(a$ i!u ()+s!"r #ipi#a$ka k" k)(am s"m" u!uk p""!asa aaka ()+s!"r s"!"(a$ i!u +iarka aaka ()+s!"r +"sar $i%%a ukura 2 i-i s"(ama 2 +u(a s"!"(a$ i!u ()+s!"r #is)r!ir a!ara k"(ami ja!a #a +"!ia siap u!uk #i+"sarka #i#a(am k)(am p"m+"sara yai!u k)(am !aa$& #"%a masa p"m+"sara ? +u(a ()+s!"r #apa! #ipa" $i%%a ukura 10 '12 "k)r p"r K%* 3ukup s"#"r$aa ka& u!uk i#uk ()+s!"r ukura I-i #apa! m"%$asi(ka 200 "k)r !"(ur #"%a !i%ka! k"ma!ia 1=* S"maki +"sar ukura ()+s!"r #a s"maki s"ri% ()+s!"r #ika,ika maka ()+s!"r !"rs"+u! aka s"maki +ayak m"%$asi(ka !"(ur* 4' PAKAN PAKAN DAN PENUNJANG' U!uk aaka ya% +aru m""!as #apa! #i+"rika maka -a-i% su!ra& -a-i% +"ku& ku!u air +"ku& p"(("! ya% $a(us #((* Pa#a umumya apapu maka #apa! #imaka )("$ ()+s!"r air !a,ar kara #i $a+i!a! asa(ya apapu ya% a#a #ip"raira aka #imakaya& kara ()+s!"r air !a,ar m"ma% !i#ak susa$ s"p"r!i j"is p"ru#a%a (aiya a!au pu p"rikaa (aiya* Ris"! #ari IL3 Farm u!uk makaa ya% m"%a#u% p"r)!"i s"%ar jau$ ("+i$ -"pa! p"r!um+u$aya #i +a#i% sayur'sayura a!au p"(("! ()+s!"r* 3a-i% !"rmasuk j"is pr)!"i s"%ar ya% #apa! #i!"mui #a !i#ak r"p)! u!uk m"-ariya #a #ari s"%i $ar%a pu !i#ak !"r(a(u ma$a( u!uk aaka ()+s!"r ya% +"rukura = i-i #"%a jum(a$ !"(ur
kura% ("+i$ 00 +u!ir #apa! #apa! m"%$a+iska s"ki!ar 2 (i!"r -a-i% su!ra #"%a $ar%a Rp 10*000* p"r (i!"r u!uk maka p"r+u(a* D"%a ,ak!u 2 B +u(a #apa! m"%a$asi(ka +i+i! ukura 2 i-i Up* U!uk +i+i! ()+s!"r air !a,ar !a ,ar +"rukura 2 i-i masuk p"m+"sara u!uk p"m+"sara ()+s!"r k)sumsi #"%a p"m+"sara = B ? +u(a pa#a p"risipya sama +isa ki!a +"rika apa saja& !api IL3 .arm !"!ap m"mi(i$ pr)!"i s"%ar s"+a%ai m"u u!ama #a p"(("! ( )+s!"r auau sayura s"+a%ai m"u s"(i%a* pr)!"i s"%ar pu sa%a! +"rar"asi mu(ai #ari -a-a$a ika sampai "mp(a usus& j"r)a #a k")% mas* T"!api "!api k")% mas !"rya m"mi(iki ka#u%a pr)!"i ya% sa%a! ("%kap #a %i;i ya% +ayak #a mu#a$ #i-ari a!au #ik"m+a%+iaka* #ik"m+a%+iaka* P"m+"sara #apa! m""ka +iaya u!uk paka sampai m"ja#i 0 * Ii !"r+uk!i sa%a! ampu$* 4u#i#aya apapu +iaya pa(i% +"sar yai!u p"y"#iyaa paka& ka(au +iaya paka +isa #i!"ka sampai 0 #aa i"s!asi +isa #i%uaka u!uk p"uja% (aiya* Tapa m"%ura%i #ari k"(";a!a ()+s!"r i!u s"#iri* Sua!u pr)s"s ()+s!"r +isa !um+u$ s"$a! #a +)%s)r a#a(a$ !"rs"#iaya air ya% -ukup& )ksi%" !"r(aru! ya% -ukup a%ar +isa m"ru+a$ ;a!';a! maka m"ja#i #a%i% #a paka ya% +"rpr)!"i s"%ar* Maka ()+s!"r aka !um+u$ -"pa! #a #apa! m"mp"rsi%ka! ,ak!u p"ma"a* Paka p"("! YA4IYU FLF 5 resh water !obster eed 6 6 pa(i% +ayak #i%uaka )("$ p"!"rak pr)."si)a( u!uk m"#apa! $asi( pr)#uksi ya% maksima( #"%a p"r!um+u$a ya% -"pa! #a m""ka )%k)s pr)#uksi* K"u%%u(a paka YA4IYU @
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Sa%a! -)-)k u!uk ()+s!"r air !a,ar r"#-(a, ALKAMIN 5 su#a$ #i "ksp)r6* Pr)!"i #ia!as 0 F)rmu(a s"suai k"+u!u$a LAT Ti#ak mu#a$ $a-ur #a(am air Ti#ak m"-"mari air R"ma$a sisa paka miima( Tum+u$ maksima( #"%a -"pa! 4"r!"(ur ("+i$ s"ri%& -"pa! #a +ayak 4"+as +ak!"ri Iri! p"makaia #a $"ma! +iaya D)u+(" s"a(
A;UAMATE O a#a(a$ O a#a(a$ +a$a k)mp("ks u!uk m"i%ka!ka )ksi%" !"r(aru! air* :ika #iap(ikasika& pr)#uk ii s"-ara +"r(a$a'(a$a aka m"("paska )ksi%" #a aka +"k"rja -ukup (ama ( ama u!uk m"y"#iaka )ksi%" ya% #i+u!u$ka $",a air*
K"u!u%a @ • • •
M"y"#iaka )ksi%" #"%a -"pa! M"mp"r!a$aka (""( )ksi%" ya% #ii%ika M""ka p"rk"m+a%a mikr))r%aism" ya% !i#ak #ii%ika
Sara p"%%uaaya @ Di%uaka saa! (is!rik pa#am #a a"ra!)rC+(),"rCki-ir a%i !i#ak •
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+"r.u%si Di%uaka pa#a saa! B saa! ka#u%a D !"(i$a! kri!is 5su+u$ C pa%i $ari6 Di%uaka pa#a !i%ka! #"si!y !i%%i Di%uaka s"-ara i!"si. pa#a kasus s"ra%a p"yaki! Di%uaka 0 B ?0 $ari s"+"(um pa" u!uk m"mp"r!a$aka p"r!um+u$a*
1' A;UAMI ;UAMINE NERA RAL L TM TM Auami"ra( TM #ari #ari Am"rika S"rika! S"rika! 5MIKR MINERAL DAN TRA3E ELEMEN ALAMI6 Auami"ra( Auami"ra( TM a#a(a$ mikr) mi"ra( #a !ra-" "("m" a(ami ya% +"r!ujua u!uk m"%"m+a(ika k"s"im+a%a usur $ara !aa$ #a air ya% #i+u!u$ka )("$ p(ak!)& u#a%& ika #a $",a air (aiya* K"s"im+a%a usur $ara !"rs"+u! aka m"maksima(ka p)!"si pr)#uksi +u#i#aya p"rikaa* :u%a +"r.u%si s"+a%ai ka!a(isa!)r ak!i. m"!a+)(ism" ya% #ip"r(uka )("$ $",a air u!uk +"r!um+u$ #a +"rk"m+a%* FUNGSI DAN KEGUNAAN : •
S"+a%ai !am+a$a mikr) mi"ra( #a !ra-" "("m" p"!i% ya%
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#ima.aa!ka p(ak!) #a $",a air (aiya* M"y"#iaka #a m"("%kapi +"r+a%ai j"is mi"ra( u!uk pr)s"s m)u(!i%
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u#a% #a p"r!um+u$a $",a air pa#a umumya* M"%"m+a(ika k"s"im+a%a usur $ara !aa$ !"ru!ama (a$a ya% su#a$ #i"kp()i!asi s"(ama +"r!a$u'!a$u*
DOSIS DAN PENGGUNAAN : •
P"makaia #i air k)(am @ 1 B 2 ppm C $ari s"+"(um !"+ar sampai !"r+"!ukya p(ak!) 1 ppm C mi%%u mi %%u u!uk m"mp"r!a$aka p)pu(asi p(ak!) #a ju%a +"r.u%si u!uk m"y"#iaka m"y"#iaka usur mi"ra( mi"ra( ya% #ip"r(uka
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!u+u$ u#a% P"makaia #i Paka @ = B 10 %ram C k% paka
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P"rsiapa La$a @ 20 %ram C m2 u!uk !am+ak i!"si" = B 10 %ram C m2 u!uk s"mi i!"si" #a "k!"si"
3ara p"%%uaa : p"%%uaa : •
TAM4AK TAM4AK @ 3ampurka Auami"ra( Auami"ra( TM #"%a air !"r("+i$ #a$u(u
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k"mu#ia !"+arka s"-ara m"ra!a k" k)(am PAKAN PAKAN @ 3ampurka m"ra!a k" #a(am paka k"mu#ia +"rika
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p"r"ka! #"%a miyak ika PERSIAPAN PERSIAPAN LAHAN @ #i!"+ar m"ra!a #ia!as p"rmukaa #asar !am+ak
1' A;UABIOTI< A;UABIOTI< = P%+) P%+))2 )2 .#.2 .#.2 Ma#a""# Ma#a""# A)% ,) ,) P"+)a2a# P"+)a2a# >' A
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M"%ura%i akumu(asi k)!)ra #asar +ak C !aki
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S"!"(a$ P"%%a!ia Air Air 2 B %ramC1000 (!r Ka#u%a Am)iak Am)iak !i%%i = B 10 %ramC1000 (!r ( !r 4ak!"ri Vi+ri) sp*!i%%i 10 B 20 %ramC1000 (!r
Pr)s"#ur ap(ikasi aua+i)!i• • • •
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=* m"m+"rsi$k m"m+"rsi$ka a a(a! ya% su#a$ su#a$ !"ri."k !"ri."ksi si
2* Ri-k" Ri-k"!si !sia'( a'(ik" ik" )r%ai )r%aism* sm* L)+s!"r ya% !"ri."ksi irus ii +iasaya m"("ma$ #a ka#a%'ka#a% #i!a#ai #"%a a#aya +i!ik $i!am a!au +iru k"$ijau pa#a "ks)k)("!)ya* L)+s!"r ya% ma!i kar"a irus ii +a#a #a k"pa(a !"rpisa$* * :amur 5Crayfish Plague6* Plague6* L)+s!"r ya% !"ri."ksi jamur ii umumya j"is astacus astacus ya% astacus ya% +"rasa( #ari "r)pa* P"u(araya +isa m"(a(ui ku!u asp$a)mi-"s as!a-i a!au +isa ju%a m"(a(ui p"ra(a!a ya% #i%uaka* S"(ai irus !"rs"+u! #i a!as %a%%ua !"r$a#ap L)+s!"r #is"+a+ka )("$ $ama& s"p"r!i@ u(ar& !ikus& +uru%& ("("& #a ika %urami*
BAB V
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN S ARAN
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