[LABTEK] LAPORAN FLUIDISASI

LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM LABORATORIUM TEKNIK KIMIA 2 FLUIDISASI Dosen Pembimbing:

Pe#$%s$n$$n P&$%'i%(m Pen)e&$*$n L$+o&$n

: ( Mei 2%1 : 1% Mei 2%1

Kelomp Kelompok ok / Kelas Kelas : V / 2A-TK 2A-TKPB PB Nama

: 1. Desi Be!a" #

NIM. 1$1$2$%%&

2. Dii Ok!a'ia!i

NIM. 1$1$2$%1%

(. )*i+a,is Vas*a I.

NIM. 1$1$2$%1(

$. I! I!a N,a ,aia* a* R.

NIM. 1$1$2$%10

PROGRAM STUDI DIPLOMA IV TEKNIK KIMIA PRODUKSI BERSIH JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG 2!"

BAB I PENDAHULUAN !,!, !,!, L$'$ L$'$&& Be Be#$ #$%$ %$ng ng li3isasi a3ala* sa! +eomea 4e,4a*5a si+a! sa! pa3a!a 6 bed 7 3alam

sa! sa! ,eak!o, ,eak!o, me8a3i me8a3i 4e,si+a 4e,si+a!! sepe,!i sepe,!i +li3a +li3a 3ika,e 3ika,eaka aka  a3a5 a3a5aa ali,a ali,a +li3a +li3a ke 3alam5a9 4aik 4e,pa lii3 map "as. ;ika sa! ali,a 3a,a meleal >al ii ii me5 me5e4a e4a4k 4ka a "" ""  !e,+li3isasi 3a sis!em soli3-+li3a me8kka si+a!-si+a! sepe,!i +li3a. Ke=epa!a spe spe,+ ,+is isia iall !e,e !e,e3 3a* a* 5a" a" 3i4 3i4! !*k *ka a a"a, a"a, !e,8 !e,8a3 a3ii +li +li3i 3isa sasi si 3ise 3ise4 4!! minimum fluidization velocity 6Um+ 7. 7. li3isasi 4e,*4"a 3e"a 4a5ak p,oses i3s!,i kimia9 misal5a 3alam p,oses ka!alisasi map 3alam p,oses pem,ia "as. P,oses +li3isasi ii memilik memilikii 4e4e,a 4e4e,apa pa *al pe!i pe!i" " 5a" 5a" *a,s *a,s 3ipe,* 3ipe,*a!i a!ika ka99 sepe,!i sepe,!i 8eis 8eis 3a !ipe !ipe +li3isasi9 aplikasi 3alam i3s!,i se,!a spesi+ikasi 3a =a,a ke,8a ala!5a. Aplikasi +li3isasi 3alam p,oses i3s!,i sa"a! 4a5ak. >al ii 3imlai pa3a !a* !a*  1&2 1&2 ! !k k Gasi Gasifi fier er Winkle nklerr 4e,skala 4esa, lal Fluidized-bed Catalytic Cracking 6??7 =,3e oil me8a3i 4esi pa3a !a* 1&$2. Aplikasi !e,se4! semaki 4e,kem4a" 3a pa3a !a* 1&&% 3apa! 3iklasi+ikasika me8a3i p,oses-p,oses kimia ka!ali!ik 6sepe,!i ?? 3a si!esis is=*e,-T,ops=*79 p,oses-p,oses kimia oka!ali!ik 6sep 6sepe,! e,!ii therma thermall cracking cracking 3a "asi+ikasi "asi+ikasi 4a!4a,a79 4a!4a,a79 3a p,oses-p,ose p,oses-p,osess +isik 6sepe,!i pe"e,i"a 3a a4so,psi7. @elai i!9 +li3isasi ko!i 4a5ak 3ima+aa!ka 3alam pa4,ik pe"ola*a !k memi3a*ka memi3a*ka pa3a!a 3a,i sa! !empa! ke !empa! lai. Dalam p,ak!ikm kali ii ma*asis
BAB I PENDAHULUAN !,!, !,!, L$'$ L$'$&& Be Be#$ #$%$ %$ng ng li3isasi a3ala* sa! +eomea 4e,4a*5a si+a! sa! pa3a!a 6 bed 7 3alam

sa! sa! ,eak!o, ,eak!o, me8a3i me8a3i 4e,si+a 4e,si+a!! sepe,!i sepe,!i +li3a +li3a 3ika,e 3ika,eaka aka  a3a5 a3a5aa ali,a ali,a +li3a +li3a ke 3alam5a9 4aik 4e,pa lii3 map "as. ;ika sa! ali,a 3a,a meleal >al ii ii me5 me5e4a e4a4k 4ka a "" ""  !e,+li3isasi 3a sis!em soli3-+li3a me8kka si+a!-si+a! sepe,!i +li3a. Ke=epa!a spe spe,+ ,+is isia iall !e,e !e,e3 3a* a* 5a" a" 3i4 3i4! !*k *ka a a"a, a"a, !e,8 !e,8a3 a3ii +li +li3i 3isa sasi si 3ise 3ise4 4!! minimum fluidization velocity 6Um+ 7. 7. li3isasi 4e,*4"a 3e"a 4a5ak p,oses i3s!,i kimia9 misal5a 3alam p,oses ka!alisasi map 3alam p,oses pem,ia "as. P,oses +li3isasi ii memilik memilikii 4e4e,a 4e4e,apa pa *al pe!i pe!i" " 5a" 5a" *a,s *a,s 3ipe,* 3ipe,*a!i a!ika ka99 sepe,!i sepe,!i 8eis 8eis 3a !ipe !ipe +li3isasi9 aplikasi 3alam i3s!,i se,!a spesi+ikasi 3a =a,a ke,8a ala!5a. Aplikasi +li3isasi 3alam p,oses i3s!,i sa"a! 4a5ak. >al ii 3imlai pa3a !a* !a*  1&2 1&2 ! !k k Gasi Gasifi fier er Winkle nklerr 4e,skala 4esa, lal Fluidized-bed Catalytic Cracking 6??7 =,3e oil me8a3i 4esi pa3a !a* 1&$2. Aplikasi !e,se4! semaki 4e,kem4a" 3a pa3a !a* 1&&% 3apa! 3iklasi+ikasika me8a3i p,oses-p,oses kimia ka!ali!ik 6sepe,!i ?? 3a si!esis is=*e,-T,ops=*79 p,oses-p,oses kimia oka!ali!ik 6sep 6sepe,! e,!ii therma thermall cracking cracking 3a "asi+ikasi "asi+ikasi 4a!4a,a79 4a!4a,a79 3a p,oses-p,ose p,oses-p,osess +isik 6sepe,!i pe"e,i"a 3a a4so,psi7. @elai i!9 +li3isasi ko!i 4a5ak 3ima+aa!ka 3alam pa4,ik pe"ola*a !k memi3a*ka memi3a*ka pa3a!a 3a,i sa! !empa! ke !empa! lai. Dalam p,ak!ikm kali ii ma*asis
a. Mee Mee! !k ka a k,' k,'aa ka,a ka,ak! k!e, e,is! is!ik ik +li3 +li3is isasi asi99 5ai! 5ai! k,' k,'aa 5a" me" me""am "am4a, 4a,ka ka  *4"a P "" 3e"a U 4. Mee!ka ke=epa!a +li3isasi miimm =. Me"e!a*i Me"e!a*i +eome +eomea-+eo a-+eomea mea 5a" 5a" !e,8a3i !e,8a3i selama selama ope,asi +li3i +li3isasi sasi 4e,la"s 4e,la"s" " se=a,a 'isal. !,/, !,/, M$n0 M$n0$$ $$'' Pe&.o Pe&.ob$ b$$n $n a. Dapa! Dapa! me" me"e!a e!a*i *i =a,a =a,a ke,8 ke,8aa 3a,i 3a,i +li3i +li3isasi sasi 4. Dapa! me"e!a*i +eomea-+eomea 5a" !e,8a3i pa3a saa! pe,=o4aa =. Dapa! Dapa! me"e me"e!a* !a*ii =a,a =a,a ke,8a ke,8a ala! mao maome! me!e, e,..

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2,!, Fenomen$ F#(i1is$si

;ika sa! ali,a 3a,a mele
)am4a, 2.1.1. eomea +li3isasi 3e"a 'a,iasi la8 ali, "as

eomea +li3isasi pa3a sis!em "as-pa3a! 8"a 3apa! 32ls!,asika pa3a "am4a, 4e,ik! ii:

)am4a, 2.1.2. eomea +li3isasi pa3a sis!em "as-pa3a! A3ap +eomea-+eomea 5a" 3apa! !e,8a3i pa3a p,oses +li3isasi9 a!a,a lai: !, Fenomen$ fixed bed  !e,8a3i ke!ika la8 ali, +li3a k,a" 3a,i la8 miimm 5a"

3i4!*ka !k p,oses a
)am4a, 2.1.(. eomea fi!ed bed 2, Fenomen$ minimum or incipient fluidization  !e,8a3i ke!ika la8 ali, +li3a me=apai la8 ali, miimm 5a" 3i4!*ka !k p,oses +li3isasi. Pa3a ko3isi ii pa,!ikelpa,!ikel pa3a! mlai !e,ekspasi. Ko3isi ii 3i!8kka pa3a "am4a,.

)am4a, 2.1.$. eomea minimum or incipient fluidization /, Fenomen$ smooth or homogenously fluidization9 !e,8a3i saa! ke=epa!a 3a 3is!,i4si ali,a +li3a me,a!a9 3esi!as 3a 3is!,i4si pa,!ikel 3alam "" sama a!a *omo"e5 se*i""a ekspasi pa3a se!iap pa,!ikel pa3a!a se,a"am. Ko3isi ii 3i!8kka pa3a "am4a,.

)am4a, 2.1.. eomea smooth or homogenously fluidization , Fenomen$ bubbling fluidization 5a" !e,8a3i ke!ika "elem4"C"elem4" pa3a "" !e,4e!k aki4a! 3esi!as 3a 3is!,i4si pa,!ikel !i3ak *omo"e. Ko3isi ii 3i!8kka pa3a "am4a,.

)am4a, 2.1.. eomea bubbling fluidization 3, Fenomen$ slugging fluidization9 !e,8a3i ke!ika "elem4"-"elem4" 4esa, 5a" me=apai le4a, 3a,i 3iame!e, kolom !e,4e!k pa3a pa,!ikel-pa,!ikel pa3a!. Pa3a ko3isi ii !e,8a3i peolaka se*i""a pa,!ikel-pa,!ikel pa3a! sepe,!i !e,a"ka!. Ko3isi ii 3apa! 3ili*a! pa3a "am4a,.

)am4a, 2.1.. eomea slugging fluidization ", Fenomen$ chanelling fluidization9 !e,8a3i ke!ika 3alam "" pa,!ikel pa3a!a !e,4e!k sal,a-sal,a sepe,!i !a4" 'e,!ikal. Ko3isi ii 3i!8kka pa3a "am4a,.

)am4a, 2.1.0. eomea chanelling fluidization 4, Fenomen$ disperse fluidization  !e,8a3i saa! ke=epa!a ali, +li3a melampai ke=epa!a maksimm ali,a +li3a. Pa3a +eomea ii se4a"ia pa,!ikel aka

!e,4a
)am4a, 2.1.&. eomea disperse fluidization eomea-+eomea +li3isasi !e,se4! sa"a! 3ipe"a,*i ole* +ak!o,-+ak!o, 4e,ik!: a. 4. =. 3. e. +. ". *.

La8 ali, +li3a 3a 8eis +li3a Uk,a pa,!ikel 3a 4e!k pa,!ikel ;eis 3a 3esi!as pa,!ikel se,!a +ak!o, i!e,lok a!a, pa,!ikel Po,osi!as "" Dis!,i4si ali,a9 Dis!,i4si 4e!k k,a +li3a Diame!e, kolom Ti""i "". ak!o,-+ak!o, 3i a!as me,paka 'a,ia4el-'a,ia4el 3alam p,oses +li3isasi 5a"

aka mee!ka ka,ak!e,is!ik p,oses +li3isasi !e,se4!. @elai i!9 +eomea pa3a "am4a, 2.1.2. 3apa! 3i8elaska melali pe,samaa Be,olli 3e"a ali,a lamie, se4a"ai 4e,ik!9 5ai!:

617 Pa3a "am4a, 2.1.2.9 !e,li*a! 4a*
627

Bila Vs mei"ka!9  mei"ka! 3a  P 3i8a"a a"a, kos!a. Dalam *al ii  ! 8"a aka mei"ka!9 aka !e!api pe"a,* 3a,i keaika  ! ii le4i* ke=il 3i4a3i"ka pe"a,* 5a" 3i!im4lka ole* pe,4a*a . A3ap *4"a  !  P 3a ke=epa!a ali,a +li3a 3apa! 3ili*a! pa3a "am4a, 3i 4a
)am4a, 2.1.1%. ),a+ik "ransition from packed bed to fluidized bed @elama +li3isasi9 pe,a !ekaa sepa8a" "" aka !e!ap
6(7 3imaa:

m F massa pa,!ikel G p F 3esi!as pa,!ikel @ 4 F las a,ea "" G+ F 3esi!as +li3a

g = percepatan gravitasi

;ika la8 ali, ke "" !e,+li3isasi 3i!,ka 4e,!a*ap9 pe,a !ekaa aka !e!ap kos!a 3a !i""i "" aka 4e,k,a".#alap 3emikia9 !i""i "" !e,ak*i, aka le4i* 4esa, 3a,ipa3a !i""i mla-mla !k fi!ed bed . >al ii 3ika,eaka soli3 3i 3alam !a4" =e3e," 4e,kmpl le4i* ,apa! 3a,ipa3a 8ika solid 3iam se=a,a 4e,!a*ap 3a,i kea3aa !e,+li3isasi. Pe,a !ekaa pa3a la8 ali, ,e3a* le4i* ke=il 3a,ipa3a ilai a
• • • •

Be3a 5a" le4i* ,i"a aka me"ap" 3i a!as "" 6 5ai! 4e3a-4e3a 5a" 3esi!as5a le4i* ke=il 3a,ipa3a 3esi!as bulk "" 7 Pe,mkaa aka !e!ap *o,io!al 4a*ka 3alam "" 5a" mi,i" @oli3 3apa! me"ali, melali 4kaa 3i kolom sama sepe,!i lii3 U"" memiliki !ekaa s!a!is ka,ea ",a'i!asi9 ilai5a se4esa, G o"* Ke!i""ia a!a,a 3a "" !e,+li3isasi 5a" se,pa sama 3e"a !ekaa s!a!ik me,eka.

2,2, Jenis5Jenis F#(i1is$si 2,2,!, F#(i1is$si P$&'i%(#$'

Dalam +li3isasi pasi, 3e"a ai,9 pa,!ikel-pa,!ikel 4e,"e,ak me8a* sa! sama lai 3a "e,aka5a 4e,!am4a* *e4a! 3e"a mei"ka!5a ke=epa!a9 !e!api 3esi!as "" ,a!a-,a!a pa3a sa! ke=epa!a !e,!e! sama 3i sema 4a"ia "". P,oses ii 3ise4! +li3isasi pa,!ikla! 3a 4e,=i,ika ekspasi *ampa,a 5a" =kp 4esa, !e!api se,a"am pa3a ke=epa!a !i""i. 6 M=?a4e9 1&0:11 7 Aka !e!api9 !i3ak sema +li3a lii3 pas!i me"*asilka +li3isasi pa,!ikla!9 *al ii 3ipe"a,*i ole* pe,4e3aa 3esi!as. Dalam kass 3imaa 3esi!as +li3a 3a soli3 !i3ak !e,lal 4e,4e3a9 k,a pa,!ikel ke=il9 3a ke=epa!a ali,a +li3a ,e3a*9 "" aka !e,li3isasi me,a!a 3e"a !iap pa,!ikel 4e,"e,ak se3i,i-se3i,i mele
5a" ,ela!i+ sama. ase pa3a! ii memiliki 4a5ak ka,ak!e,is!ik lii3 3a 3ise4! +li3isasi pa,!ikla!. Pa3a +li3isasi pa,!ikla!9 ekspasi 5a" !e,8a3i a3ala* se,a"am 3a pe,samaa E,"9 5a" 4e,lak !k "" 3iam9 3apa! 3ika!aka masi* 4e,lak !k "" 5a" a"ak me"em4a". A3aika ali,a 3i a!a,a pa,!ikel-pa,!ikel i! a3ala* lamia,9 pe,samaa 5a" 4e,lak !k *ampa,a 5a" me"alami ekspasi a3ala* 6 M=?a4e9 1&0:12 7:

6$7

2,2,2, F#(i1is$si Ag&eg$' 6 F#(i1is$si Ge#emb(ng

U"" 5a" 3i+li3isasika 3e"a 3a,a 4iasa5a me8kka +li3isasi a",e"a!. Pa3a ke=epa!a spe,+isial 5a" 8a* mele4i*i Um+9 ke4a5aka "as aka mele
!e,8a3i !i3ak me,a!a. @e4a"ia 4esa, +li3a mele
67 3imaa:

+ 4 F +,aksi "" 5a" 32si "elem4"  4 F ke=epa!a ,a!a-,a!a "elem4"

Dalam +li3isasi a",e"a!9 +li3a aka mem4a! "elem4" pa3a pa3a!a "" 3alam !i"ka* lak 5a" k*ss. )elem4" +li3a mei"ka! melali "" 3a pe=a* pa3a pe,mkaa "" 3a aka !e8a3i H splashing  3imaa pa,!ikel "" aka 4e,"e,ak ke a!as. @ei,i" 3e"a mei"ka!5a ke=epa!a +li3a9 pe,ilak "elem4" aka 4e,!am4a* 4esa,. Ke4e,a3aa +li3isasi pa,!ikla! a!a a",e"a!i+ me,paka *asil 3a,i pe"a,* "a5a ",a'i!asi pa3a +asa-+asa 5a" a3a 3alam "" !e,+li3isasi 3a

8"a ka,ea mekaika +li3a ,a* 3a,i sis!em. A"ka ,o3e9

9 5ai! ,asio

a!a,a kie!ik 3e"a ee,"i ",a'i!asi me,paka sala* sa! k,i!e,ia pee! 8eis +li3isasi apa 5a" !e,8a3i.

2,2,/, F#(i1is$si Kon'in(

Bila ke=epa!a +li3a melali *ampa,a a! pa3a! =kp 4esa,9 maka sema pa,!ikel 3alam *ampa,a i! aka !e,4a
a# $kuran Partikel Pa3a!a 3alam "" 5a" !e,+li3isasi !ak pe,a* sama 3alam k,a 3a me"a= pa3a 3is!,i4si k,a pa,!ikel !e,se4!. U!k me"*i!" k,a pa,!ikel ,a!a-,a!a 3e"a me""aka 3iame!e, ,a!a-,a!a pe,mkaa.

67 3imaa:

3 p F 3iame!e, pa,!ikel ,a!a-,a!a 5a" se=a,a mm 3i"aka !k 3esai

3s' F 3iame!e, 3a,i sa! 4i3a"

b# %ensitas Padatan Pa3a!a 3apa! 3i4e3aka me8a3i ( 4a"ia 4e,3asa,ka 3esi!as5a 5ai! bulk skeletel 3a particle# Desi!as 4lk me,paka pe"k,a 4e,a! 3a,i kesel,*a pa,!ikel 3i4a"i 3e"a 'olme pa,!ikel. Pe"k,a ii me5e,!aka +ak!o, kekoso"a 3alam po,ipo,i pa,!ikel. &keletel a3ala* 3esi!as sa! pa3a!a 8ika po,osi!as5a ol. A3ap 3esi!as pa,!ikel a3ala* 4e,a! 3a,i sa! pa,!ikel 3i4a"i 3e"a 'olme5a 3e"a me5e,!aka po,ipo,i. ;ika !i3ak a3a ilai !k 3esi!as pa,!ikel9 maka pe3eka!a !k 3esi!as pa,!ikel 3apa! 3ipe,ole* 3e"a mem4a"i 3a 3esi!as 4lk.

c# Penurunan "ekanan Pe,a !ekaa 5a" !e,8a3i pa3a =amp,a 3a +asa 3i5a!aka 3alam 4e,a"am 4e!k9 sepe,!i static head aksele,asi 3a ke*ila"a +,iksi !k "as 3a pa3a!a. U!k aplikasi +li3isasi "" 3i la, ko3isi ke!ika aksele,asi pe,a !ekaa 3apa! 3i!e,ima9 pe,a !ekaa aka 3i*asilka 3a,i s!a!i= *ea3 pa3a!a. U!k i!9 4e,a! sa! pa,!ikel "" 8ika 3i4a"i 3e"a !i""i pa3a!a aka me"*asilka 3esi!as ses""*5a 3a,i "" 5a" !e,+li3isasi. o,mla5a 3i,mska se4a"ai 4e,ik!: 67 @ala* sa! aspek 5a" aka 3i!i8a 3alam pe,=o4aa ii a3ala* me"e!a*i 4esa,5a pe,a !ekaa 6 pressure drop 7 3i 3alam "" pa3a!a 5a" !e,+li3aka. >al !e,se4! memp5ai a,!i 5a" =kp pe!i" ka,ea selai e,a! sekali *4"a5a 3e"a 4esa,5a ee,"i 5a" 3ipe,lka9 8"a 4isa mem4e,ika i3ikasi !e!a" kelaka "" selama ope,asi 4e,la"s". Pee!a 4esa,5a *ila" !eka 3i 3alam "" !e,+li3aka !e,!ama 3i*i!" 4e,3asa,ka ,ms,ms 5a" 3i!,ka !k "" 3iam9 !e,!ama ole* Balke9 Koe59 ?a,ma9 a!ap

peeli!i-peeli!i

lai5a.

Ko,elasi-ko,elasi

ma!ema!ik

5a"

me""am4a,ka *4a"a a!a,a *ila" !eka 3e"a la8 ali, +li3a 3i 3alam sa! sis!em "" 3iam 3ipe,ole* pe,!ama kali pa3a !a* 1&22 ole* Blake melali me!o3e-me!o3e 5a" 4e,si+a! semi empi,is9 5ai! 3e"a me""aka

4ila"a-4ila"a !i3ak 4e,3imesi. U!k ali,a lamie, 3e"a ke*ila"a ee,"i !e,!ama 3ise4a4ka ole* "a5a viscous Blake mem4e,ika *4"a :

607 3imaa: JP/L F *ila" !eka pe, sa!a pa8a"/ !i""i "" "=

F +ak!o, ",a'i!asi



F 'iskosi!as +li3a



F po,osi!as "" 5a" 3i3e+iisika se4a"ai pe,4a3i"a 'olme ,a"

koso" 3i3alam "" 3e"a 'olme "" 

F ke=epa!a ali, spe,+isial +li3a

@

F las pe,mkaa spesi+ik pa,!ikel

d# &phericity &phericity me,paka +ak!o, 4e!k 5a" 3i5a!aka se4a"ai ,asio 3a,i a,ea pe,mkaa 'olme pa,!ikel 4la! 5a" sama 3e"a pa,!ikel i! 3i4a"i 3e"a a,ea pe,mkaa pa,!ikel.

6&7 Ma!e,ial 5a" meli"ka, sepe,!i ka!alis 3a pasi, 4la! memiliki ilai sphericity se4esa, %.& a!a le4i*.

e# 'ecepatan Fluidisasi Minimum ( $ mf ) Ke=epa!a +li3isasi miimm a3ala* ke=epa!a spe,+i=ial !e,e3a* 5a" 3i4!*ka !k !e,8a3i5a +li3isasi. Um+ 3apa! 3i=a,i 3e"a me""aka pe,samaa: 6 1% 7 Di maa 4ila"a A,=*imi3es 6 A, 7 a3ala* : 6 11 7 U!k memp,e3iksi Um+9 E," me,ka sa! ko,elasi 3e"a =a,a me5amaka pressure drop pa3a saa! Um+ 3e"a 4e,a! "" pe,sa!a las 3a 3ipe,ole* pe,samaa se4a"ai 4e,ik!.

6 12 7 @k pe,!ama pe,samaa E," 3omia !k ali,a lamie, se3a"ka sk ke3a 3omia pa3a ali,a !,4le. Pe"k,a Um+ 3apa! 3ipe,ole* 3a,i ",a+ik  P vs $ m f 5ai! sesai !i!ik po!o" a!a a!a,a 4a"ia k,'a 5a" 3a!a, sepe,!i 5a" 3i"am4a,ka pa3a "am4a, 2.1.1%..

f#

'ecepatan "erminal Ke=epa!a !e,mial sa! pa,!ikel 6 U! 7 me,paka ke=epa!a "as 5a" 3i4!*ka !k me"a!, pa,!ikel !""al 5a" !e,sspesi 3alam ali,a "as. Ke=epa!a !e,mial sa! pa,!ikel 3i5a!aka 3alam pe,samaa:

6 1( 7 Dalam ali,a lamie, 3a me"ik!i >km @!okes:

6 1$ 7

Jadi, kecepatan terminal untuk partikel tunggal berbentuk bulat adalah:

6 1 7

Dan untuk partikel besar dengan Cd = 0.43

6 1 7 Pe,samaa ii me"i3ikasika 4a*
Kekoso"a f(  ) 3a,i "" 5a" !e,+li3isasi a3ala* +,aksi mol 5a" !e,8a3i ole* "as. "si ! 3apa! 3i5a!aka 3e"a pe3eka!a Koe5-?*a,ma 4e,ik!. 6 10 7 Pe3eka!a lai 5a" 3i"aka !k sis!em 4a5ak +asa 5ai! ko,elasi Ri=*a,3so-aki !k pa,!ikel !""al 3alam sspesi9 5ai!: 6 1& 7  me,paka +"si 3a,i 3 p/D 3a 4ila"a Re 5a" 3i'a,iasika 3a,i 2.$-$..

g# *atas Partikel Pa,!ikel 3iklasi+ikasika 4e,3asa,ka 4a"aimaa pa,!ikel !e,se4! !e,+li3isasi 3alam 3a,a pa3a ko3isi !e,!e!. Pa,!ikel !e,se4! 3apa! 3iklasi+ikasika me8a3i: • • • •

Pa,!ikel *als Pa,!ikel kasa, Ko*esi+9 pa,!ikel 5a" sa"a! *als U"" 5a" 4e,"e,ak

h# Gaya +ntar Partikel )a5a a!a, pa,!ikel se,i" kali 3ia4aika 3alam +li3isasi meskip 3alam 4a5ak kass "a5a ii le4i* ka! 3i4a3i"ka hydrodinamic 5a" 3i"aka 3alam 4a5ak ko,elasi. )a5a a!a, pa,!ikel 5a" 4e,*4"a a!a 4e,kai!a 3e"a "" 5a" !e,+li3isasi9 misal5a 'a 3e,
i#

%aerah *atas Fluidisasi ( Fluidization ,egimes ) Pa3a ke=epa!a "as ,e3a*9 sa! pa3a!a 3alam !a4" "" aka 4e,a3a pa3a ko3isi kos!a sei,i" 3e"a 4e,!am4a*5a ke=epa!a "as9 "a5a se,e!9 3a "a5a buoyant me"ala*ka 4e,a! pa,!ikel se,!a "a5a a!a, pa,!ikel !e,se4!. Pa3a +li3isasi miimm pa,!ikel mempe,li*a!ka pe,"e,aka 5a" miimal 3a se=a,a la"s" "" aka se3iki! !e,a"ka!.

2,, Ke#ebi*$n 1$n Ke%(&$ng$n Te%ni% F#(i1is$si

'elebihan dari teknik fluidisasi adalah

1. P,ope,!i !,as+e, paas 5a" 4aik 3alam gas-fluidized bed . )elem4" 5a" !e,4e!k me8a"a "" 4e,si+a! iso!e,mal 3a la8 !,as+e, paas 5a" !i""i 3ipe,ole* a!a,a "" 3a pe,mkaa 5a" 3i=elpka. 2. @i+a! "" 5a" me5e,pai +li3a mem"kika a3a5a ali,a a! pa3a! se=a,a ko!i 3a mem3a*ka pe"o!,ola. (. Pe,pi3a*a paas a!a,a "" !e,+li3aka 3e"a me3ia pemi3a* paas 5a" 4aik mem"kika pemakaia ala! peka, paas 5a" memiliki las pe,mkaa ke=il. $. Pe,pi3a*a paas 3a ke=epa!a pe,pi3a*a mass a!a,a pa,!ikel =kp !i""i. . @i,klasi 4!i,a-4!i,a pa3a! a!a,a 3a "" +li3isasi mem"kika pemi3a*a 8mla* paas 5a" 4esa, 3alam ,eak!o,.

'ekurangan dari teknik fluidisasi adalah 1. Ke=epa!a +li3a 5a" 3i"aka !e,4a!as pa3a 8a"kaa 3imaa "" !e,+li3isasi. ;ika ke=epa!a 8a* le4i* 4esa, 3a,i Um+9 3apa! !e,8a3i ke*ila"a ma!e,ial 5a" =kp 4esa, aki4a! !e,4a
BAB 2I METODELOGI PER7OBAAN /,! A#$' 1$n B$*$n T$be# /,!,! A#$' )$ng 1ig(n$%$n No ! 2

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BAB V PEMBAHASAN

G*i0$&is V$s*$ I&*$ms)$* !!2!/

Pa3a p,ak!ikm li3isasi Pa3a! )as ii 4e,!8a !k me"e!a*i p,isip sa! 4!i,a pa3a! !e,+li3isasi ole* 3a,a 3a mee!ka ke=epa!a ali, miimm 6Um+7 3a,i 4!i,a pa3a! !e,se4!. P,ak!ikm ii me"o!akka pa3a!a 3e"a 3a,a 6"as7 se*i""a 3ise4! +li3isasi pa3a! "as. De"a me"ali,ka 3a,a 6"as7 maka pa3a!a pa3a !ekaa !e,!e! aka ik! 4e,sama 3a,a !e,se4!. Apa4ila +li3a 3ile
maka pa3a!a 5a" !e,+li3isasi5a p aka se3iki! 4a*ka a3a pla pa3a!a 5a" !i3ak !e,+li3isasi se*i""a m+ 5a 4esa,9 se3a"ka semaki ke=il 3iame!e, pa3a!a semaki 4a5ak pa3a!a 5a" !e,+li3isasi se*i""a m+ 5a ke=il. Da semaki 4esa, !i""i "" ilai Um+ p semaki 4esa,. @emaki !i""i pa3a!a maka semaki 4esa, !ekaa 5a" 3ipe,lka spa5a pa3a!a !e,se4! 3apa! !e,+li3isasi. ;ika semaki !i""i "" maka pa3a!a 5a" !e,+li3isasi5a p aka se3iki! se*i""a m+ 5a 4esa,9 se3a"ka semaki ke=il !i""i ""9 semaki 4a5ak pa3a!a 5a" !e,+li3isasi se*i""a m+ 5a ke=il. Pee!a ilai Um+ 3ilakka 3e"a 3a =a,a 5ai! 4e,3asa,ka k,'a ka,ak!e,is!ik 3a pe,*i!"a. Um+ 4e,3asa,ka pe,*i!"a 3ipe"a,*i ole* ilai 4ila"a ,e5ol3 6NRe7. Besa, ke=il5a ilai N,e sa"a! !e,"a!" 3a,i 3iame!e, sa! pa3a!a 5a" 3i"aka. Be,3asa,ka *asil pe,*i!"a9 Um+ 5a" 3ipe,ole* 3a,i k,'a ka,ak!e,is!ik 3a pe,*i!"a me8kka ilai 5a" =kp 4e,4e3a 8a*. A3a5a pe,4e3aa ii 3apa! 3ise4a4ka kesala*a pa,alak 6kesala*a 3alam meli*a! ilai JP7. @elai i!9 pe,4e3aa 5a" =kp 4esa, ii 3ise4a4ka 3alam pe,*i!"a se=a,a ",a+is pe,4e3aa !ekaa 5a" 3i*asilka

a"a,

pa3a!a

!e,se4!

!e,+li3isasi

3ipe,*i!"ka.

Pe,4e3aa

!ekaa

3ipe,*i!"a ka,ea pe,4a3aa !ekaa !e,se4! 3ipe"a,*i ole* 8mla* pa3a!a 5a" 3i+li3isasi. Um+ se=a,a ",a+is ilai5a 4e,4e3a-4e3a 63ipe"a,*i ole* !i""i ""7 se*i""a me5e4a4ka pe,4e3aa !ekaa 5a" 4esa,.

BAB VI KESIMPULAN





Rapa! massa 4!i,a pa3a! 5a" 3i"aka 5ai! : - B!i,a 3iame!e, %.112-%.2 mm9 G p F 1$(.( k"/m( - B!i,a 3iame!e, %.2-%.( mm9 G p F 1&1(. k"/m( - B!i,a 3iame!e, %.(-%.( mm9 G p F 102.( k"/m( - B!i,a 3iame!e, %.(-1.%% mm9 G p F 1&20.% k"/m( Nilai Um+ 4e,3asa,ka k,'a ka,ak!e,is!ik :

Diame!e, B!i,a 6mm7





U"" ( =m

U"" $ =m

U""  =m

Nilai Um+ 4e,3asa,ka pe,*i!"a 5ai! :

Diame!e, B!i,a 6mm7



Um+ 6m/s7

Um+ 6m/s7 2% S N,e S 1%%%

NRe  1%%%

@emaki 4esa, !i""i ""9 ilai Um+ semaki 4esa, pla. @emaki 4esa, k,a 3ime!e, pa3a!a9 ilai Um+ semaki 4esa, pla.

LAMPIRAN $,

S%em$ Pe&$#$'$n 4

1



3

)am4a, 1. Pe,ala!a li3isasi Ke!e,a"a "am4a,: 1. 2. (. $. b,

Kolom li3isisasi Pompa 3a,a 6Komp,eso,7 Maome!e, Ke,a"ka pe"a!, la8 ali, 3a,a

Meng*i'(ng R$+$' M$ss$ P$&'i%e# P$&'i%e# Di$me'e& ,5,3mm  Me"*i!" 'olme pikome!e, Volme pikome!e, F Volme ai, pe*

Volme ai, pe*

F

Dike!a*i ,apa! massa ai, pa3a ko3isi 1 a!m 2 Massa ai,

F &&.1

F # 4-#a F 0.2-((.1( F 2.12",am F %.%2k"


F

F



F2.%  1% - m( Me"*i!" 'olme ai, pa3a pikome!e, 4e,isi pa3a!a 3a ai, sampai pe* Massa ai, 3alam pikome!e, F #3-#= F

F F Volme ai, pe*

F

F F 

Me"*i!" Rapa! Massa Pa,!ikel Massa pa,!ikel F #=-#a F F F Volme pa,!ikel

F Volme pikome!e, C Volme ai, F 62.%1% -m(7- 61.%$1% -m(7

F Rapa! massa pa,!ikel

F F F 1(090$

P$&'i%e# Di$me'e& ,35!,mm  Me"*i!" 'olme pikome!e, Volme pikome!e, F Volme ai, pe*

Volme ai, pe* F Dike!a*i ,apa! massa ai, pa3a ko3isi 1 a!m 2 Massa ai,

F # 4-#a F F 2.%&


F

F &&.1

F F



Me"*i!" 'olme ai, pa3a pikome!e, 4.isi pa3a!a 3a ai, sampai pe* Massa ai, 3alam pikome!e, F #3-#= F F F Volme ai, pe*

F

F F 

Me"*i!" ,apa! massa pa,!ikel Massa pa,!ikel F #=-#a F F F Volme pa,!ikel

F Volme pikome!e, C Volme ai,

F F Rapa! massa pa,!ikel

F F F 12&2.1

P$&'i%e# Di$me'e& !,5!,mm Me"*i!" 'olme pikome!e,  Volme pikome!e, F Volme ai, pe*


F

Dike!a*i ,apa! massa ai, pa3a ko3isi 1 a!m 2 Massa ai,

F &&.1

F # 4-#a F F 2.%0


F

F F



Me"*i!" 'olme ai, pa3a pikome!e, 4.isi pa3a!a 3a ai, sampai pe* Massa ai, 3alam pikome!e, F #3-#= F F F Volme ai, pe*

F

F F 

Me"*i!" ,apa! massa pa,!ikel Massa pa,!ikel F #=-#a F F F Volme pa,!ikel

F Volme pikome!e, C Volme ai,

F

F Rapa! massa pa,!ikel F F F 11&(.11 .,

Meng*i'(ng #($s '$b(ng 9A;

Kelili"

F D

1& =m Diame!e, la,

F 6(.1$7 D F .% =m F .%  1% -2 m

Te4al !a4"

F %.0 =m F %.0  1% -2 m

Diame!e, 3alam 6D7 F D la, C !e4al F .%  1%-2 m - %.0  1% -2 m F .2  1% -2 m A

2

=

2

F A

1,

= 2,!" > !5/ m2

Meng*i'(ng #$-( $#i& #ine$& (1$&$ 9U;

L$-( A#i&

L$-( A#i&

L$-( A#i&

L($s

Vo#(me 9;

Vo#(me 9;

Pe&m(%$$n

9L6min;

/

9m 6s;

9A; 9m2;

9U= ; 9m6s;



0.((1%-

2.1$  1% -(

%.%(0

-1.$2%

1%

1.1%-$

2.1$  1% -(

%.%

-1.11$

1

2.%1%-$

2.1$  1% -(

%.11

-%.&(

Line$& Log U

2%

(.((1%-$

2.1$  1% -(

%.1$

-%.01(

2

$.11%-$

2.1$  1% -(

%.1&(

-%.1$

U

F

U

F

U = ,/8 m6s Log U = -1.420

U

F

U

F

U = ,44 m6s Log U = 51.114

U

F

U

F

U = ,!!" m6s Log U = -0.936

U

F

U

F

U = ,!3m6s Log U = -0.813

U

F

U

F

U = ,!?/m6s Log U = 5,4!

e,

Meng*i'(ng Bi#$ng$n Re)no#1s

209& 6



76

7

76

7

" f F 2o? F 2&0 K 209& 6 1910 k"/m ( 3a,a pa3a s* 2 o? F 190$  1% - k"/m.s



 Diame!e, pa3a!a ,a!a-,a!a: •

Diame!e, % C %9 mm DF

•

D F %92 mm D F %92  1% -( m D = 2@3 > !5 m Diame!e, %9 C 19% mm DF D F %9 mm D F %9  1% -( m D = 4@3 > !5 m

•

Diame!e, 19% C 19$ mm DF

D F 192 mm D = !@2 > !5/ m  Massa ;eis Pa,!ikel

o

•

Diame!e, Pa,!ikel % C %9 mm

F 1(090$

•

Diame!e, Pa,!ikel %9 C 19% mm

p

•

Diame!e, Pa,!ikel 19% C 19$ mm

p

p

F 12&2.1 F 11&(.11

a" 3i"aka 3alam pe,samaa Re5ol3s a3ala* 3iame!e, ,a!a-,a!a

1& Di$me'e& P$&'i%e# 2@3 > !5 m U F ,/8 m6s •

N,e N&e = 4!3,3!3

N,e

•

U F ,44 m6s N,e N&e = !?,8"

•

U F ,!!" m6s N,e N&e = 2!8,2

•

UF

m6s

N,e

•

N&e = 28??,42 U F ,!?/ m6s

N,e N&e = /"/,"

& Di$me'e& P$&'i%e# 4,3>! 5 m •

U F ,/8 m6s N,e N&e = 22,2?3

•

U F ,44 m6s N,e N&e = 34,28/

•

U F ,!!" m6s

N,e N&e = "!!2,24 •

UF

m6s

N,e N&e = 28??,42

•

U F ,!?/ m6s N,e N&e = !!"?,33/

3& Di$me'e& P$&'i%%e# !,2>! 5/m •

U F ,/8 m6s N,e N&e = 2?3",8/8

•

U F ,44 m6s N,e N&e = 3??!,84

•

U F ,!!" m6s N,e N&e = ?2",!/4

•

UF

N,e

m6s

N&e = !!?82,?4 •

U F ,!?/ m6s N,e N&e = !3!4,"2

0,

Meng*i'(ng Ni#$i Um0 

Me"*i!" ,apa! massa 3a,a 3e"a me""aka ,ms 6 P F 1 a!m7 G+ F 20.&6

76

7

3imaa T+ a3ala* s* 3a,a 3alam Kel'i. 6T + F 2&0 K7 G+ F 20.&6

76

7

0 = !,!8 %g6m/  Be&1$s$&%$n +e&*i'(ng$n

Di$me'e& 2,3 > ! 5 m

1&

p

F 1(0.0$ k"/m(

F 1910 k"/m (

+

N,e 1%%% 6!,4le7

Umf = 0. 0012 m/s

&

Di$me'e& 4,3 > !5 m p

F

k"/m(

F 1910 k"/m (

+

N,e 1%%% 6!,4le7

Umf = 0.0334m/s

3&

Di$me'e& !,2 > !5/m p

F

k"/m(

F 1910 k"/m (

+

N,e 1%%% 6!,4le7

Um0= ,?/m6s

!; Be&1$s$&%$n g&$0i%

17 Diame!e, 29  1%-$ m 3e"a !i""i "" (%mm 27 Diame!e, 29  1%-$ m 3e"a !i""i "" $%mm

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