La Mediacion y Las Negociaciones Politicas

IAEN ANALISIS DE CONFLICTO Y TEORIAS DE LA NEGOCIACION SESION 5 LECTURA 1 LA MEDIACION Y LA NEGOCIACION POLITICAS: DESDE UNAS BUENAS PRÁCTICAS PRÁCTICAS A UN OBJETO DE REFLEXION CIENTIFICA. ASPECTOS TEORICOS Y ESTADO ESTADO DE LA CUESTION. -PALOMA ROMAN MARUGANINTRODUCCION.• •

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Ponenc!. Se "e#$e%&'! e( o)*e+o ,e ,e)!+# "o# &n (!,o e( e$+!,o en &e $e enc& enc&en+ en+#! #! (! #e/e #e/e0 0n n cen cen+' +'2c 2c! ! en +o#n +o#no o ! (! 3e 3e, ,!c !c n n 4 ! (! ne%oc!cn "o('+c!$ 4 "o# o+#o ,$c&+# en +o#no ! (! 3e*o#! +!n+o ,e e##!3en+!$ 4 +6cnc!$ "#7c+c!$ co3o ,e ,$e8o ,e "#oce$o$. E( o)*e+o !n+e,co e#! e3nen+e3en+e e3"'#co

CUESTIONES PRE9IAS SOBRE LA MEDIACION Y LA NEGOCIACION POLITICAS.•

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L! "o('+c! "#e$,e (!$ $+&!cone$ ,e con/c+o. Se "&e,e ,ec# &e !(('  ,on,e $e enc&en+#! &n con/c+o $e ! ,e !c&,# ! (! "o('+c! "!#! $& 3!ne*o n&nc! "!#! $& $o(&cn en e( $en+,o ,e ,e$!"!#cn +o+!( ,e( "#o)(e3! ;con/c+o< $no $& !,3n$+#!cn o %e$+n. L! #e(!c e(!c n n en+# en+#e e co con/ n/c c+o +o 4 "o(' "o('+ +c! c! e$ e$ e$+# +#ec ec! ! &n= &n=e# e#$! $!(( 4 $3)+c!. E$+#e E$+#ec! c! "o#&e "o#&e (!$ #e( #e(!co !cone$ ne$ en+#e en+#e $e# $e#e$ e$ &3!no &3!no$$ e$+7 e$+7 o ,o+!,! ,e n+e#e$e$ en *&e%o (o c&!( e$ (! "#econ,cn ,e( con/c+o. con/c+o. L! "o('+c! "o('+c! !c+>! "!#! e$+!)(ece# e$+!)(ece# #e%(!$ #e%(!$ ,e( *&e%o ,e n+e#6$ ?!=o#ecen,o ! =ece$ ! &no$ 4 ! =ece$ ! o+#o$. En e( 73)+o &3!no no c!)e (! &n!n3,!, "e#o $ (! ?!)#c!cn ,e con$en$o$. Un=e#$!( en e( +e3"o 4 en e( e$"!co 4! &e (! "o('+c! co3o o !c+ !c += =,! ,!, , ,e "#oc "#oce, e,3 3e en+ n+o o $o $oc c!( !(3e 3en+ n+e e =!( =!(o$ o$! ! !#) !#)+# +#! ! ;3n ;3n3 3@ @!< !< e( co con/ n/c c+o +o $e +#!+ +#!+! ! ,e &n !n+ !n+%& %&o o #ec ec&# &#$o $o n=en+ n=en+!,o !,o "o# (! &3!n &3!n,!, ,!, ,e$,e ,e$,e $e $e3"# 3"#e e 4 en c&!(& c&!(&e# e# (&%!#. S3)+c! "o#&e no $o(o !#)+#! 4 ,$3n&4e e( con/c+o. Sno o &e ! =ece$ !4&,! ! =$(&3)#!# e( con/c+o ! ,en+2c!#(o co3o +!( "!#! "o,e# #e%&(!#(o o 3!ne*!#(o. En e( 73)+o ,e (!$ ,e3oc#!c!$ $e +#!+! ,e &n en+o#no ,on,e (! ()e#+!, ?!c&(+! "!#! e( "(!n+e!3en+o "#o)(e37+co ,e &n n>3e#o 3!4o# ,e !$&n+o$ (o &e ?!c(+! e( !#)+#!*e 4 #e%&( e%&(!c !c n n 4 ?!c ?!c( (+! +! (! =,! =,! en co co3& 3&n n,! ,!,. ,. ;3e ;3en+ n+#! #!$$ e( con/c+o no $e! =$)(e 37$ +en$n !4. E( #econoc3en+o ,e( con/ co n/c c+o +o 3"( 3"(c c! ! o"o# o"o#+& +&n, n,!, !,.. O"o# O"o#+& +&n n,! ,!, , "!#! "!#! #e%& #e%&(! (!#( #(o o ,e$,e e( 7n%&(o ,e (! cenc! "o('+c!<. L! 3e,!cn 4 ne%oc!cn $on =e'c&(o$ ,e )>$&e,! ,e con$en$o$ ! +#!=6$ ,e (! ,$+#)&cn e&()#!,! en (! $!+$?!ccn ,e n+e#e$e$.

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E$+7n #e(!con!,!$ con (! "o('+c! "o# (o +!n+o ,e)en $e# co3"#en,,!$ ,e$,e (! cenc! "o('+c!. Se =en con$&$+!nc!(e$ con e( &e!ce# ,$+#)&+=o 4 #e%&(!+=o ,e (! "o('+c!. L!$ +6cnc!$ 3e,!,o#!$ 4 ne%oc!,o#e$ no "&e,en ?!(+!# en (! #e$o(&cn ,e con/c+o$ $e=e#o$ con &n! =o(enc! "e#$$+en+e 3o+=o ,e !n$e,!, 4 +en$n $oc!(e$. A"o4!,o$ en (! 3"o#+!nc! ,e( (en%&!*e $e !"e(! ! &n! solución  política "!#! (! conc(&$n ,e &n con/c+o ! +#!=6$ ,e (!$ ='!$ ,e( ,!(o%o 4 (! ne%oc!cn en e( 3!#co ,e &n "#oce$o ,e "!c2c!cn &e $e c!#!c+e#@! "o# $& n!+&#!(e@! "o('+c! ?#en+e ! o+#o$ +"o$ ,e ?o#3! ,e 2n!(@!cn ;$o(&cn 3(+!#<. L! 3e,!cn 4 (! ne%oc!cn no $on ,e$conoc,!$ "e#o +!3"oco $e (e$ "#e$+! (! ,e),! !+encn. A "e$!# ,e( c#ecen+e n+e#6$ en e$+!$. So)#e +o,o $& 3"!c+o en e( ce##e ,e ,&#o$ "#oce$o$ )6(co$ 4 ,e con/c+o$ "#o?&n,!3en+e !##!%!,o$. E$+7 ,e$"e#+!n,o &n 3!4o# n+e#6$ en e( c!3"o ,e (! c&(+&#! ,e (! "!@. P#3e#o $e con$+!+! (! "#7c+c!: !((!@%o &+(@!cn 4 ,e"&#!cn ,e e$+!$ +6cnc!$ e$"ec'2c!$ co3)n!,!$ con (!$ !)(,!,e$ ,e co3&nc!cn !"(c!,!$ ! c!,! c!$o conc#e+o. P#3e#o $e ,! (! e0"e#3en+!cn 4 (&e%o $e =! "#o,&cen,o $& $$+e3!+@!cn +e#c!. O+#!$ ,$c"(n!$ ((e=!n =en+!*!. S& n!+&#!(e@! 3&(+,$c"(n!# $&"one &n "#o)(e3! "!#! $& !##!n&e co3o ,$c"(n!. Lo$ "#oce$o$ ,e 3e,!cn 4 ne%oc!cn +!n+o ,e (! co+,!n,!, co3o (o$ c!$o$ &e $&"onen 3!4o# con/c+o "&e,en "#o?e$on!(@!#$e. ;$oco(o%'! n+&+=! ! $oco(o%'! cen+'2c!<.

EN TORNO AL CONCEPTO DE MEDIACION • • •

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L! #e(!cn en+#e 3e,!cn 4 ne%oc!cn e$ e$+#ec!. L! ne%oc!cn e$ "#e=! 4 "o# (o +!n+o !n+e#o# ! (! ne%oc!cn. Se ,e2ne ! (! ne%oc!cn co3o &n "#oce$o ,e co3&nc!cn en+#e "e#$on!$ &e +enen &e +o3!# &n! ,ec$n #e$"ec+o ! &n +e3! o c&e$+n &e (o$ =nc&(!. ;D'e@ !  < L! 3e,!cn !"o#+! (! n+e#=encn ,e &n +e#ce#o 3"!#c!( ! &n "#oce$o ,e ne%oc!cn. Lo &e $&"one &e e( 3e,!,o# !n+e$ !)#7 ,e !)e# $,o &n )&en ne%oc!,o# !&n&e !o#! no $e +#!+e ,e $& "#o"o !$&n+o. A3)o$ "#oce$o: ne%oc!cn 4 3e,!cn $on =e*!$ e##!3en+!$ ,e (! !c+=,!, "o('+c!. E$+!$ +6cnc!$ $on nc(&,!$ en (! co+,!n,!, "!#! &n 3e*o# 4 37$ e2c!@ "#o%#e$o ,ec$on!(. L! %#!=e,!, ,e (o$ con/c+o$ )6(co$ en c&!(&e#! ,e $&$ !ce"cone$ ,on,e (! =o(enc! ! $,o &n "#o+!%on$+! e$ ,on,e 37$ (&cen e$+!$ +6cnc!$ ,e )>$&e,! ,e con$en$o$. De !' $& =nc&(!cn con (o$ e$+&,o$ ,e c&(+&#! ,e "!@. Me,!,o# "o('+co e$+e e$"ec!($+! en e( "#oce$o ,e "!@ e$ c&!(&e# "e#$on! &e o2c!(3en+e !"o4! &n "#oce$o ,e "!@ en e( #o( ,e +e#ce#o co3o e0"e#+o !$e$o# ?!c(+!,o# o)$e#=!,o# =%(!n+e "(!n2c!,o# ,e (! #econ$+#&ccn o ,on!n+e 2n!nce#o. Men+#!$ &e

&n "!#+,!#o ,e( "#oce$o ,e "!@ e$ c&!(&e# E$+!,o o#%!n@!cn o n,=,&o &e $e 3"(c! ! !"o4!# ,e 3!ne#! !c+=! 4 con$+#&c+=! &n "#oce$o ,e "!@. ;. S(3 H<. DIFICULTADES Y DILEMAS EN LOS PROCESOS POLITICOS DE MEDIACION Y NEGOCIACION •

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!)(!# ,e )&en!$ "#7c+c!$ ,e +6cnc!$ >+(e$ 4 "&(3en+!,!$ "!#! !co3e+e# (! #e$o(&cn ,e con/c+o$ "o('+co$ !$' co3o !ce#(o ,e (! !,&$cn ,e (! ?o#3!cn "#o?e$on!(@!,! ,e &n!$ c!"!c,!,e$ no $e#'! co3"(e+o $n (! "#e$en+!cn ,e (!$ ,2c&(+!,e$ 4 ,e (o$ ,(e3!$ ! (o$ &e $e en?#en+! e( 3e,!,o# "o('+co 4 &e en ,e2n+=! +!3)6n !4&,!#'! en (! o)$e#=!cn 4 en (! #e/e0n $o)#e e( !$&n+o ,e$,e &n! "e#$"ec+=! +e#c! 4 3e+o,o(%c!. D2c&(+!,e$: L! !$3e+#'!. C&!n,o &n e&"o ,e 3e,!cn $e en?#en+! ! &n o con/c+o 4 ! ,e !4&,!# ! (!$ "!#+e$ $&e#! ! $en+!#$e  *&n+!$ $e3"#e +ene ,e(!n+e &n "#o)(e3! ,e !$3e+#'!. ;No !)o#,! co3o $&)$!n!# (! !$3e+#'!<. O+#o "#o)(e3! !$oc!,o !( 73)+o "o('+co "!#! e( e&"o o 3e,!,o#ne%oc!,o# e$ "o,e# con$e%&# e( 3!4o# n=e( ,e nc(&$n en e( "#oce$o O+#! c&e$+n e$"no$! "!#! &n e&"o ,e 3e,!cn "o('+c! $e o "#e$en+! en 3o,o ,e ,(e3!.

CONCLUSIONES •

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E$ nne%!)(e (! #e(!cn en+#e "o('+c! 4 con/c+o. A3)o$ conce"+o$ $e o)$e#=!n $e3"#e en+#e+e*,o$. L! c!"!c,!, ,e (! "o('+c! "!#! !#)+#!# (o$ 1 con/c+o$ !c&,e ! "#oce$o$ 4 ! +6cnc!$ ,e co3&nc!cn 4 ,7(o%o "!#! ?!c(+!# (o$ !c&e#,o$ co3o $on (!$ e$+#!+e%!$ ,e 3e,!cn 4 ,e ne%oc!cn. !$+! e( ,'! ,e o4 $e +#!+! 37$ ,e (! ,e+eccn 4 c!"!c+!cn ;D'e@ ) < ,e &n!$ )&en!$ "#7c+c!$ "e#o $e =! 3"onen,o &n! $$+e3!+@!cn +e#c!.