La Administración del Estado - LRJAP-PAC

WFIH 8? NHR HGIK@KRW]HBKD@FR D]EH@K_HBKÒ@ GFN FRWHGD

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 \}k`bk|hnfr `d}ihr f` nhr xvf rf }fevnh` nhr Hgik`krw}hbkd`fr Hgik`krw}hbkd`fr \ÿmnkbhr?   

Bd`rwkwvbkò` Fr|hødnh gf 8;51!BF+ Nf{ 2<$8;;= gf =: gf `dzkfim}f. gf ]ëekif` Ov}égkbd gf nhr Hgik`krw}hbkd`fr \ÿmnkbhr { gfn \}dbfgkikf`wd Hgik`krw}hwkzd Bdiÿ` !N]OH\)\HB+ Nf{ :$8;;5. gf 87 gf hm}kn. gf D}eh`khbkò` { Jv`bkd`hikf`wd gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` Ef`f}hn gfn Frwhgd !NDJHEF+

8 K@W]DGVBBKÒ@ K@W]DGVBBKÒ@ Nh Bd`rwkwvbkò` Fr|hødnh gf 8;51 fr nh `d}ih rv|}fih gfn Frwhgd Fr|hødn f` nh bvhn rf frwhmnfbf` ndr gf}fbadr { ndr gfmf}fr gf ndr bkvghgh`dr. rf gfwf}ik`h nh gkzkrkò` gf ndr w}fr |dgf}fr gfn Frwhgd !nfekrnhwkzd. fofbvwkzd { ovgkbkhn+. { rf rføhnh` { d}eh`kh` nhr k`rwkwvbkd`fr f` xvf whnfr |dgf}fr rf hrkf`wh` F` rv h}wébvnd 8. 8. nh Bd`rwkwvbkò` zkf`f h frwhmnfbf} xvf? „8 Fr|høh rf bd`rwkwv{f f` v`  Frwhgd rdbkhn { gfidb}èwkbd gf Gf}fbad . xvf |}d|ve`h bdid zhnd}fr rv|f}kd}fr gf rv d}gf`hikf`wd ov}égkbd nh nkmf}whg. nh ovrwkbkh. nh kevhnghg { fn |nv}hnkrid |dnéwkbd = Nh rdmf}h`éh `hbkd`hn }frkgf f` fn |vfmnd fr|hødn gfn xvf fih`h` ndr |dgf}fr gfn |h}nhif`wh}kh’  Frwhgd 2 Nh jd}ih jd}ih |dnéwkbh |dnéwkbh gfn Frwhgd Frwhgd fr|hødn fr nh  Id`h}xvéh |h}nhif`wh}kh

Hrkikrid. fn h}wébvnd = gf nh Bd`rwkwvbkò` Fr|hødnh frwhmnfbf? „ Nh Bd`rwkwvbkò` rf jv`ghif`wh f` nh k`gkrdnvmnf v`kghg  gf nh @hbkò` fr|hødnh. |hw}kh bdiÿ` f k`gkzkrkmnf gf wdgdr ndr fr|hødnfr. { }fbd`dbf { eh}h`wkh fn  gf}fbad h nh hvwd`diéh gf nhr `hbkd`hnkghgfr { }fekd`fr xvf nh k`wfe}h` { nh  rdnkgh}kghg f`w}f wdghr fnnhr ’

Frwdr gdr h}wébvndr zkf`f` h frwhmnfbf} ndr |}k`bk|kdr jv`ghif`whnfr gfn d}gf`hikf`wd ov}égkbd fr|hødn. ndr bvhnfr |hrhidr h h`hnkh} / Frwhgd gf Gf}fbad 9 bd`bf|bkò` gfn frwhgd mhrhgd f` nh rv|}fihbéh gf nh nf{. nh rf|h}hbkò` gf ndr |dgf}fr !nfekrnhwkzd. fofbvwkzd { ovgkbkhn+. fn bd`w}dn gf ndr |dgf}fr |ÿmnkbdr |ÿmnkbdr { fn }fr|fwd gf nh nfehnkghg f` nhr hbwvhbkd`fr gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` |dwf`bkh} fn fof}bkbkd gf ndr gf}fbadr { nkmf}whgfr / Frwhgd Rdbkhn 9 fn Frwhgd `d rònd gfmf }fr|fwh} { |dwf`bkh} k`gkzkgvhnfr { bdnfbwkzhr. rk`d xvf gfmf zfnh} |d} |}frwh} h ndr bkvghgh`dr ndr ifgkdr `fbfrh}kdr |h}h zkzk} gke`hif`wf. hnbh`h} fn mkf`frwh} rdbkhn { nde}h} v`h rdbkfghg ièr ovrwh

/ Frwhgd Gfidb}èwkbd 9 bd` frwh fq|}frkò` rf xvkf}f }fhjk}ih} xvf nhr nf{fr ah` gf eh}h`wkh} ndr gf}fbadr { nkmf}whgfr gf nhr |f}rd`hr nd xvf bd`gvbf h v`h bdiv`kghg jv`ghif`whgh f` fn rvj}hekd v`kzf}rhn. nkm}f. gk}fbwd { rfb}fwd / Id`h}xvéh \h}nhif`wh}kh 9 nh jd}ih |dnéwkbh gfn Frwhgd Fr|hødn fr nh Id`h}xvéh \h}nhif`wh}kh. |}k`bk|kd xvf rv|d`f nh gfrh|h}kbkò` gf bvhnxvkf} |}f}}dehwkzh }fekh. nh |nf`h bd`rwkwvbkd`hnkhbkò` gf nh jkev}h { jv`bkd`fr gfn ]f{. { nh }fr|d`rhmknkghg gfn Edmkf}`d h`wf fn \h}nhif`wd

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/ Frwhgd Hvwd`dikrwh 9 Fn Frwhgd frwè bd`jkev}hgd |d} v`h frw}vbwv}h wf}}kwd}khn gfn |dgf}. d}eh`kè`gdrf f` iv`kbk|kdr. |}dzk`bkhr { Bdiv`kghgfr Hvwò`dihr Rf }fbd`dbf { eh}h`wkh fn gf}fbad h nh hvwd`diéh gf nhr `hbkd`hnkghgfr { }fekd`fr { nh rdnkgh}kghg f`w}f wdghr fnnhr. zfnh`gd |d} fn frwhmnfbkikf`wd gf v` fxvknkm}kd fbd`òikbd hgfbvhgd { ovrwd f`w}f ndr gkzf}rhr |h}wfr gfn wf}}kwd}kd fr|hødn

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= BD@BF\WD [ BNHRKJKBHBKÒ@ GF HGIK@KRW]HBKD@FR \ßMNKBHR Nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` fr fn fnfif`wd `d |dnéwkbd gfn |dgf} fofbvwkzd. { frwè jd}ihgh |d} d}eh`kridr f k`rwkwvbkd`fr. { rf}zkgh |d} jv`bkd`h}kdr xvf efrwkd`h` ndr rf}zkbkdr |ÿmnkbdr mhod nh gk}fbbkò` gfn Edmkf}`d Nhr Hgik`krw}hbkd`fr \ÿmnkbhr frwè` jd}ihghr |d} v` bd`ov`wd gf d}eh`kridr f k`rwkwvbkd`fr xvf rf f`bh}eh` gf efrwkd`h} ndr }fbv}rdr gfn Frwhgd. wf`kf`gd bdid mhrf v` wf}}kwd}kd gfwf}ik`hgd. v`h bdiv`kghg gf bkvghgh`dr { v`dr jk`fr ef`f}hnfr Ndr w}fr `kzfnfr mèrkbdr wf}}kwd}khnfr f` ndr xvf rf d}eh`kh fn Frwhgd Fr|hødn rd` fn Frwhgd ikrid. nhr Bdiv`kghgfr Hvwò`dihr { nhr f`wkghgfr xvf k`wfe}h` nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` Ndbhn Hgfièr. ov`wd h frwhr jd}ihr gf Hgik`krw}hbkò` \ÿmnkbh wf}}kwd}khn. bdfqkrwf kevhnif`wf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` Hgik`krw}hbkò` K`rwkwvbkd`hn d bd}|d}hwkzh. nnfzhghr h bhmd |d} v`dr f`wfr bd` |f}rd`hnkghg ov}égkbh |}d|kh

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Nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` xvfgh bd`rwkwvbkd`hnif`wf gfjk`kgh f` fn h}wébvnd 8<2 gf nh Bd`rwkwvbkò` Fr|hødnh. Fr|hødnh. hn gfbk} xvf „ Nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` Hgik`krw}hbkò` \ÿmnkbh rk}zf bd` dmofwkzkghg  dmofwkzkghg  ndr k`wf}frfr ef`f}hnfr { hbwÿh gf hbvf}gd bd` ndr  |}k`bk|kdr gf fjkbhbkh. of}h}xvéh.  gfrbf`w}hnkzhbkò`. gfrbd`bf`w}hbkò` gfrbd`bf`w}hbkò` { bdd}gk`hbkò` .  bd` rdifwkikf`wd |nf`d h nh nf{  { hn Gf}fbad !|}k`bk|kd gf nfehnkghg+’

Ndr |}k`bk|kdr ef`f}hnfr bd`rwkwvbkd`hnfr gf nh d}eh`khbkò` hgik`krw}hwkzh. ah` rkgd gfrh}}dnnhgdr nfehnif`wf |d} Nf{ :$;5. gf 87 gf hm}kn. gf D}eh`khbkò` { Jv`bkd`hikf`wd gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` Ef`f}hn gfn Frwhgd !NDJHEF+ !h}wr 2 { 7+. { |d} nh Nf{ 2<$8;;=. gf =: gf `dzkfim}f. gf }ëekif` ov}égkbd gf nhr Hgik`krw}hbkd`fr \ÿmnkbhr { gfn \}dbfgkikf`wd Hgik`krw}hwkzd Bdiÿ` !N]OH\)\HB+ !h}w2 { 7+ xvf f` rv h}wébvnd 28. 28. h|h}whgd |}kif}d zkf`f h }f|}dgvbk} fn h}wébvnd 8<2 BF. høhgkf`gd hgfièr xvf? „……..Kevhnif`wf.

gfmf}è` }fr|fwh} f` rv hbwvhbkò` ndr  |}k`bk|kdr gf mvf`h jf { gf bd`jkh`h nfeéwkih = Nhr Hgik`krw}hbkd`fr |ÿmnkbhr. f` rvr }fnhbkd`fr. rf }kef` |d} fn  |}k`bk|kd gf bdd|f}hbkò` { bdnhmd}hbkò` . { f` rv hbwvhbkò` |d}  ndr b}kwf}kdr gf fjkbkf`bkh { rf}zkbkd h ndr

bkvghgh`dr. 6 F` rvr }fnhbkd`fr bd` ndr bkvghgh`dr nhr Hgik`krw}hbkd`fr |ÿmnkbhr hbwÿh` gf bd`jd}ikghg  bd` ndr |}k`bk|kdr gf w}h`r|h}f`bkh { gf

 |h}wkbk|hbkò`  |h}wkbk|hbkò` .’

/\}k`bk|kd gf fjkbhbkh ? fr v` |}k`bk|kd f` zk}wvg gfn bvhn nhr hbwvhbkd`fr gf nhr

Hgik`krw}hbkò` ah` gf dmwf`f} ndr ifod}fr }frvnwhgdr bd` ndr ié`kidr w}èikwfr { f` fn if`d} wkfi|d |drkmnf

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Frwf |}k`bk|kd gfmf k} v`kgd hn |}k`bk|kd gf fjkbkf`bkh. xvf rv|d`f xvf. hgfièr gf dmwf`f} ndr ifod}fr }frvnwhgdr fjkbhif`wf. ërwdr ah` gf rf} bd`rfevkgdr bd` fn if`d} bdrwf fbd`òikbd |drkmnf

/\}k`bk|kd gf of}h}xvéh ? fr fn |}k`bk|kd f` zk}wvg gfn bvhn v` ò}eh`d gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` rf rvmd}gk`h h dw}d bd` h}}fend h v`h frbhnh gf ih{d} h if`d} }h`ed bd` dmofwd gf nde}h} nh v`kghg gf ih`gd f`w}f wdgdr Nh of}h}xvéh rv|d`f xvf fn ò}eh`d rv|f}kd} |vfgf gk}kek}. zkeknh}. bd}}fek}. bd`w}dnh} { }frdnzf} bd`jnkbwdr f`w}f ndr ò}eh`dr k`jf}kd}fr /\}k`bk|kd gf gfrbf`w}hnkzhbkò`? bd`rkrwf f` fn w}hr|hrd gf bdi|fwf`bkhr gf

ndr ò}eh`dr gf v`h Hgik`krw}hbkò` h dw}h gkrwk`wh. xvf fof}bf f` nd rvbfrkzd frwhr bdi|fwf`bkhr bdid |}d|khr. rk` |drkmknkghg gf jkrbhnkhbkò` |d} |h}wf gfn ò}eh`d xvf gfrbf`w}hnkò Rd` fofi|ndr gf gfrbf`w}hnkhbkò` nh w}h`rjf}f`bkh gf bdi|fwf`bkhr gfn Frwhgd h nhr Bdiv`kghgfr Hvwò`dihr { nhr gf ërwhr h ndr H{v`whikf`wdr { Gk|vwhbkd`fr /\}k`bk|kd gf gfrbd`bf`w}hbkò` ? fr v`h w}h`rjf}f`bkh gf jv`bkd`fr gf jd}ih

|f}ih`f`wf gf ndr ò}eh`dr rv|f}kd}fr h ndr ò}eh`dr k`jf}kd}fr of}è}xvkbhif`wf d}gf`hgdr @d}ihnif`wf rf w}h`rjkf}f` jv`bkd`fr gfrgf ndr ò}eh`dr bf`w}hnfr h hxvfnndr xvf d|f}h` f` èimkwdr wf}}kwd}khnfr ièr }fgvbkgdr. |f}d ih`wf`kf`gd nh |drkmknkghg gf bd`w}dn rdm}f fn ò}eh`d k`jf}kd} V` fofi|nd fr fn w}hr|hrd gf jv`bkd`fr gf ndr ò}eh`dr bf`w}hnfr gfn Frwhgd h ndr ò}eh`dr |f}kjë}kbdr f` nhr Bdiv`kghgfr Hvwò`dihr !Gfnfehgdr gfn Edmkf}`d+ { f` nhr \}dzk`bkhr !Rvmgfnfehgdr gfn Edmkf}`d+ Nh gfrbd`bf`w}hbkò` whimkë` |vfgf |}dgvbk}rf f`w}f ò}eh`dr gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` hvwd`òikbh { ndbhn !H{v`whikf`wdr { Gk|vwhbkd`fr+ /\}k`bk|kd gf Bdd}gk`hbkò` ? nh bdd}gk`hbkò` rv}ef |h}h }fhnkh} hbbkd`fr

bd`ov`whr { fzkwh} v`h gv|nkbkghg f` nh hbwkzkghg gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` \ÿmnkbh Fofi|ndr gf bdd}gk`hbkò` rd` nhr hbwvhbkd`fr gfn \}frkgf`wf gfn Edmkf}`d. xvf bdd}gk`h nhr jv`bkd`fr gfn Bd`rfod gf Ik`krw}dr. ndr \}frkgf`wfr gf nhr Bdiv`kghgfr Hvwò`dihr. d nhr Bdikrkd`fr Gfnfehghr gfn Edmkf}`d. xvf bdd}gk`h` nh hbbkò` h ndr Ik`krwf}kdr k`wf}frhgdr f` dmofwkzdr bdiv`fr /\}k`bk|kd gf mvf`h jf { bd`jkh`zh nfeéwkih rd` |}k`bk|kdr gf}kzhgdr gfn ?

|}k`bk|kd gf rfev}kghg ov}égkbh. rk` xvf nh hbwvhbkò` gf nhr Hgik`krw}hbkd`fr \ÿmnkbhr |vfgf rf} hnwf}hgh h}mkw}h}khif`wf /\}k`bk|kdr gf w}h`r|h}f`bkh { gf |h}wkbk|hbkò`?

Nh w}h`r|h}f`bkh hgik`krw}hwkzh !}fnhbkd`hgh bd` fn |}k`bk|kd gf |vmnkbkghg+. nh Nf{ 2<$8;;= N]OH\)\HB. N]OH\)\HB. hgfièr gf }fbd`dbf} fn gf}fbad gf hbbfrd h ndr h}bakzdr { }fekrw}dr !f` bd`rd`h`bkh bd` fn h}wébvnd 8<6m BF+. ah frwhmnfbkgd dw}dr gf}fbadr gf ndr hgik`krw}hgdr f` rvr }fnhbkd`fr bd` nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` !h}wébvnd 26+. bdid rd`? fn

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gf}fbad gf k`jd}ihbkò` rdm}f fn frwhgd gfn |}dbfgkikf`wd d gf}fbad h nh kgf`wkjkbhbkò` gf nhr |f}rd`hr }fr|d`rhmnfr gf nh w}hikwhbkò`. fwb F` bvh`wd h nh |h}wkbk|hbkò`. n h}wébvnd =2 BF gkr|d`f xvf ndr bkvghgh`dr wkf`f` gf}fbad h |h}wkbk|h} f` ndr hrv`wdr |ÿmnkbdr \d} wh`wd. frwf |}k`bk|kd |f}ikwf h ndr hgik`krw}hgdr gk}kek}rf h nhr Hgik`krw}hbkd`fr \ÿmnkbhr. `d rònd ifgkh`wf rvr }f|}frf`wh`wfr fnfekgdr gfidb}èwkbhif`wf. rk`d whimkë` |d} dw}hr zéhr gk}fbwhr. h jk` gf efrwkd`h}. k`jnvk} d gfbkgk} hrv`wdr hgik`krw}hwkzdr Fn h}wébvnd 8<6 !f`w}f dw}dr+. bd`b}fwh frwh }fenh f` gdr èimkwdr? |h}wkbk|hbkò` f` nh bd`jfbbkò` gf }fenhif`wdr { f` ndr |}dbfgkikf`wdr hgik`krw}hwkzdr f` ef`f}hn f

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Nhr Hgik`krw}hbkd`fr \ÿmnkbhr. f` rvr }fnhbkd`fr f`w}f fnnhr. rf }kef` |d} fn |}k`bk|kd gf bdd|f}hbkò` !h}wébvnd 2= Nf{ 2<$;=+ H jk` gf hrfev}h} nh `fbfrh}kh bdaf}f`bkh f` rv hbwvhbkò` { nh ki|}frbk`gkmnf bdd}gk`hbkò` { bdnhmd}hbkò`. rf |}fzë` k`rw}vif`wdr bdid nhr bd`jf}f`bkhr rfbwd}khnfr. bd`zf`kdr gf bdnhmd}hbkò` { bd`rd}bkdr Nh Nf{ 7$;;. gf idgkjkbhbkò` gf nh N]OH\)\HB. k`w}dgvbf fn |}k`bk|kd gf nfhnwhg k`rwkwvbkd`hn bdid b}kwf}kd }fbwd} xvf jhbknkwf nh bdnhmd}hbkò` { bdd|f}hbkò` f`w}f nhr Hgik`krw}hbkd`fr \ÿmnkbhr Nh bdd}gk`hbkò` k`wf}hgik`krw}hwkzh |vfgf }fr|d`gf} h wëb`kbhr bdd|f}hwkzhr d. |}k`bk|hnif`wf. |h}h hrfev}h} nh rv|}fihbéh xvf bd}}fr|d`gf h v`dr f`wfr wf}}kwd}khnfr rdm}f dw}dr gf`w}d gfn }fr|fwd h rv hvwd`diéh /\}k`bk|kd rf}kbkd fjfbwkd h ndr bkvghgh`dr?? ndr bkvghgh`dr

Nhr eh}h`wéhr ov}égkbhr gfn hgik`krw}hgd rvfnf` k`rw}vif`wh}rf bdid |}dwfbbkd`fr jd}ihnfr. rk` bd`rfevk} fn jk` |f}rfevkgd |d} nhr gfid}hr { fn fqbfrkzd bdrwf f k`fjkbhbkh gf ndr rf}zkbkdr \h}h fzkwh}nd. nh Nf{ 2<$;= f`v`bkh v`h rf}kf gf |}fbf|wdr rdm}f `d}ihnkhbkò` gf gdbvif`wdr ? }hbkd`hnkhbkò`. ifbh`khbkò` { hvwdihwkhbkò` gf ndr w}hmhodr f` nhr djkbk`hr |ÿmnkbhr F` gfjk`kwkzh. fn h|h}hwd hgik`krw}hwkzd gfmf hgfbvh}rf h nh efrwkò` |d} dmofwkzdr { h nh bhnkghg bdid jd}ih d}gk`h}kh gf |}frwhbkò` gf ndr rf}zkbkdr |ÿmnkbdr F` bvh`wd hn rf}zkbkd fjfbwkzd h ndr bkvghgh`dr. rv bd`wf`kgd bd`b}fwd rf f`v`bkh f` fn h}wébvnd 78 NDJHEF. NDJHEF. hn rføhnh} xvf nh hbwvhbkò` gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` Ef`f}hn gfn Frwhgd gfmf hrfev}h} h ndr bkvghgh`dr? h+ Nh fjfbwkzkghg gf rvr gf}fbadr bvh`gd rf }fnhbkd`f` bd` nh Hgik`krw}hbkò`3 m+ Nh bd`wk`vh ifod}h gf ndr |}dbfgkikf`wdr. rf}zkbkdr { |}frwhbkd`fr |ÿmnkbhr. gf hbvf}gd bd` nhr |dnéwkbhr gfn Edmkf}`d { wf`kf`gd f` bvf`wh ndr }fbv}rdr gkr|d`kmnfr. gfwf}ik`h`gd nhr |}frwhbkd`fr gf ndr rf}zkbkdr frwhwhnfr. rvr bd`wf`kgdr { ndr frwè`gh}fr gf bhnkghg

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Fn h}wébvnd ;5 gf nh Bd`rwkwvbkò` gkbf? „ Fn Edmkf}`d fr fn ò}eh`d xvf gk}kef nh  |dnéwkbh k`wf}kd} { fqwf}kd}. nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` Hgik`krw}hbkò` bkzkn { iknkwh} { nh gfjf`rh gfn Frwhgd  Fof}bf nh jv`bkò` fofbvwkzh { nh |dwfrwhg }fenhif`wh}kh }fenhif`wh}kh gf hbvf}gd bd` nh Bd`rwkwvbkò`  { nhr nf{fr nf{fr’

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Ndr Ik`krw}dr gk}kef` ndr rfbwd}fr gf hbwkzkghg hgik`krw}hwkzh k`wfe}hgdr f` rv Ik`krwf}kd { hrvif` nh }fr|d`rhmknkghg k`af}f`wf h gkbah gk}fbbkò` Nh }fv`kò` gfn Edmkf}`d f` |nf`d. mhod nh gk}fbbkò` gfn \}frkgf`wf. rf gf`dik`h Bd`rfod gf Ik`krw}dr  Nhr Bdikrkd`fr Gfnfehghr gfn Edmkf}`d rd` b}fhghr |d} ërwf. { wkf`f` jv`bkd`fr bdd}gk`hgd}hr gf nh hbbkò` gf ndr hrv`wdr bdiv`fr h zh}kdr Ik`krwf}kdr. { gf |}f|h}hbkò` { frwvgkd gf gfwf}ik`hgdr hrv`wdr xvf hjfbwf` h zh}kdr Ik`krwf}kdr { fqkoh` v`h |}d|vfrwh bd`ov`wh. |}fzkh h rv }frdnvbkò` f` Bd`rfod gf Ik`krw}dr \}frkgf`wf

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Rd` ò}eh`dr rv|f}kd}fr gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` gfn Frwhgd? Ndr Ik`krw}dr Ik`krw}dr Ndr Rfb}fwh}kdr gf Frwhgd? fof}bf` nhr bdi|fwf`bkhr rdm}f fn rfbwd} gf hbwkzkghg hgik`krw}hwkzh hrke`hgd d fn xvf nfr gfnfevf fn ik`krw}d. gk}kef` { bdd}gk`h` nhr gk}fbbkd`fr ef`f}hnfr rkwvhghr mhod rv gf|f`gf`bkh. { }fr|d`gf` h`wf fn Ik`krw}d gf nh fofbvbkò` gf ndr dmofwkzdr jkohgdr |h}h nh Rfb}fwh}éh gf Frwhgd

Rd` ò}eh`dr gk}fbwkzdr? 8 Ndr Rvmrfb}fwh}kdr? drwf`wh` nh }f|}frf`whbkò` d}gk`h}kh gfn ik`krwf}kd. gk}kef` ndr rf}zkbkdr bdiv`fr. h|d{h` h ndr ò}eh`dr rv|f}kd}fr h w}hzër gfn hrfrd}hikf`wd wëb`kbd. frwhmnfbf` ndr |}de}hihr gf k`r|fbbkò` gf ndr rf}zkbkdr gfn ik`krwf}kd. hrfrd}h` ov}égkbhif`wf hn ik`krw}d { gfrfi|føh` nh ofjhwv}h rv|f}kd} gfn |f}rd`hn gf wdgd fn ik`krwf}kd = Ndr Rfb}fwh}kdr Ef`f}hnfr? rv fqkrwf`bkh fr fqbf|bkd`hn. f` ndr ik`krwf}kdr f` ndr xvf rf b}ff` rf f`bh}eh` gf efrwkd`h} v` rfbwd} gf hbwkzkghg hgik`krw}hwkzh Fof}bf` bdi|fwf`bkhr gk}kekghr h ki|vnrh} nh bd`rfbvbkò` gf ndr dmofwkzdr { nh fofbvbkò` gf ndr |}d{fbwdr gf rv d}eh`khbkò` Wkf`f` bhwfed}éh gf Rvmrfb}fwh}kdr 2 Rfb}fwh}kdr Ef`f}hnfr Wëb`kbdr? gf|f`gf` gfn Rvmrfb}fwh}kd { wkf`f` nhr bdi|fwf`bkhr }fnhwkzhr h |}dgvbbkò` `d}ihwkzh. hrkrwf`bkh ov}égkbh { |vmnkbhbkd`fr Wkf`f` bhwfed}éh gf Gk}fbwd} Ef`f}hn

1

7 Ndr Gk}fbwd}fr Ef`f}hnfr? rd` ndr f`bh}ehgdr gf nh efrwkò` gf v`h d zh}khr è}fhr. jv`bkd`hnif`wf adideë`fhr gfn ik`krwf}kd Nfr bd}}fr|d`gf |}d|d`f} ndr |}d{fbwdr |h}h hnbh`h} ndr dmofwkzdr frwhmnfbkgdr |d} fn Ik`krw}d. gk}kek} rv fofbvbkò` { bd`w}dnh} rv hgfbvhgd bvi|nkikf`wd 6 Ndr Rvmgk}fbwd}fr Ef`f}hnfr? rd` ndr }fr|d`rhmnfr. mhod nh rv|f}zkrkò` gfn Gk}fbwd} Ef`f}hn. gf nh fofbvbkò` gf hxvfnndr |}d{fbwdr. dmofwkzdr { hbwkzkghgfr xvf nfr rfh` hrke`hgdr Nhr v`kghgfr hgik`krw}hwkzhr rd` fnfif`wdr d}eh`khwkzdr mèrkbdr gf nhr frw}vbwv}hr d}eè`kbhr. bdi|}f`gf` |vfrwdr gf w}hmhod. d gdwhbkd`fr gf |nh`wknnh zk`bvnhgdr |d} }hò` gf rvr bdifwkgdr { |d} v`h ofjhwv}h bdiÿ` Rf k`wfe}h` f` v` gfwf}ik`hgd ò}eh`d. { vrvhnif`wf rf bd`dbf` bd` nh gf`dik`hbkò` gf rf}zkbkdr { rfbbkd`fr. xvf h rv zf f`endmh` h zh}kdr `fedbkhgdr IK@KRWF]KD Ò}eh`dr rv|f}kd}fr

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NH HGIK@KRW]HBKÒ@ \F]KJË]KBH GFN FRWHGD.

Nhr jv`bkd`fr gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` Ef`f}hn gfn Frwhgd rd` fof}bkghr. f` nhr Bdiv`kghgfr Hvwò`dihr. f` nhr \}dzk`bkhr { f` nhr Krnhr. |d} ndr rkevkf`wfr ò}eh`dr gk}fbwkzdr? ) ) )

F` nhr Bdiv`kghgfr Hvwò`dih. |d} ndr Gfnfehgdr gfn Edmkf}`d F` nhr \}dzk`bkhr. |d} ndr Rvmgfnfehgdr gfn Edmkf}`d F` nhr Krnhr. |d} ndr Gk}fbwd}fr K`rvnh}fr ;

Ndr Gfnfehgdr gfn Edmkf}`d. wkf`f` }h`ed gf Rvmrfb}fwh}kd { bd`gkbkò` gf hnwd bh}ed. fof}bf` nh gk}fbbkò` { nh rv|f}zkrkò` gf wdgdr ndr rf}zkbkdr gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` Ef`f}hn gfn Frwhgd { ndr d}eh`kridr |ÿmnkbdr rkwvhgdr f` rv wf}}kwd}kd Nhr |}k`bk|hnfr jv`bkd`fr gf ndr Gfnfehgdr gfn Edmkf}`d bd`rkrwf` f` |}dwfef} fn nkm}f fof}bkbkd gf ndr gf}fbadr { nkmf}whgfr. hré bdid nh gf eh}h`wkh} nh rfev}kghg bkvghgh`h. h w}hzër gf ndr Rvmgfnfehgdr gfn Edmkf}`d. { drwf`wh} nh ofjhwv}h gf ndr Bvf}|dr { Jvf}hr gf Rfev}kghg gfn Frwhgd. mhod nh gf|f`gf`bkh jv`bkd`hn gfn Ik`krwf}kd gfn K`wf}kd} F` bhgh |}dzk`bkh. { mhod nh gf|f`gf`bkh gfn Gfnfehgd gfn Edmkf}`d. fqkrwf v` Rvmgfnfehgd gfn Edmkf}`d xvf rf}è `dim}hgd |d} fn Gfnfehgd gfn Edmkf}`d f` nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih. f`w}f jv`bkd`h}kdr gf bh}}f}h gfn Frwhgd Ndr Rvmgfnfehgdr wkf`f` `kzfn gf Rvmgk}fbwd} Ef`f}hn {. |d} wh`wd. `d wkf`f` nh bd`gkbkò` gf hnwd bh}ed F`w}f nhr bdi|fwf`bkhr gf ndr Rvmgfnfehgdr gfn Edmkf}`d bhmf` gfrwhbh} nh gf gk}kek} ndr rf}zkbkdr gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` Ef`f}hn gfn Frwhgd. gf hbvf}gd bd` nhr k`rw}vbbkd`fr gfn Gfnfehgd gfn Edmkf}`d. gk}kek} ndr Bvf}|dr { Jvf}hr gf Rfev}kghg gfn Frwhgd f` nh \}dzk`bkh. { gk}kek} { bdd}gk`h} nh |}dwfbbkò` bkzkn f` nh \}dzk`bkh F` nhr krnhr fqkrwk}è v` Gk}fbwd} K`rvnh} gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` Ef`f}hn gfn Frwhgd xvf fof}bf}è. f` rv èimkwd wf}}kwd}khn. nhr ikrihr bdi|fwf`bkhr xvf ndr Rvmgfnfehgdr f` nhr \}dzk`bkhr

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7 NH HGIK@KRW]HBKÒ@ HGIK@KRW]HBKÒ@ HVWD@ÒIKBH  \}k`bk|hnfr `d}ihr xvf }fevnh` nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` Hgik`krw}hbkò` Hvwd`òikbh?    

Frwhwvwd gf Hvwd`diéh gf Bh`h}khr h|}dmhgd |d} Nf{ D}eè`kbh 8<$8;1= gf 8< gf hedrwd. idgkjkbhgh |}d Nf{ D}eè`kbh 7$8;;; gf 2< gf gkbkfim}f Nf{ 8$8;12 gf 87 gf hm}kn gfn Edmkf}`d { gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` \ÿmnkbh gf Bh`h}khr. idgkjkbhgh |d} nh Nf{ =$=<<< gf 85 gf ovnkd Nf{ 87$8;;< gf =: gf ovnkd gf ]ëekif` Ov}égkbd gf nhr Hgik`krw}hbkd`fr \ÿmnkbhr gf Bh`h}khr Gfb}fwd =8=$;8 gf 88 gf rf|wkfim}f. gf d}eh`khbkò` gf ndr gf|h}whif`wdr gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` Hvwd`òikbh gf Bh`h}khr 8<

   

Gfb}fwd 85=$=<<5. gf 85 gf ovnkd. |d} fn xvf rf gfwf}ik`h nh frw}vbwv}h bf`w}hn { |f}kjë}kbh. hré bdid nhr rfgfr gf nhr Bd`rfof}éhr gfn Edmkf}`d gf Bh`h}khr Gfb}fwd =<:$=<<5. gf 82 gf ovnkd. gfn \}frkgf`wf. |d} fn xvf rf gfwf}ik`h` fn `ÿif}d. gf`dik`hbkò` { bdi|fwf`bkhr gf nhr Bd`rfof}éhr Nf{ 1$=<<5. gf 82 gf hm}kn. gfn Frwhwvwd gf nh Bh|kwhnkghg Bdi|h}wkgh gf nhr bkvghgfr gf Nhr \hnihr gf E}h` Bh`h}kh { Rh`wh B}v gf Wf`f}kjf Nf{ 5$8;16 gf = gf hm}kn. }fevnhgd}h gf nhr Mhrfr gfn ]ëekif` Ndbhn. idgkjkbhgh |d} nh Nf{ 65$=<<2 gf 8: gf gkbkfim}f rdm}f ifgkghr |h}h nh idgf}`khbkò` gfn Edmkf}`d Ndbhn

Nhr K`rwkwvbkd`fr hvwd`òikbhr rf f`bvf`w}h` }fevnhghr f` fn Wéwvnd \}kif}d gfn Frwhwvwd gf Hvwd`diéh gf Bh`h}khr. Bh`h}khr. frwhmnfbkf`gd xvf ndr |dgf}fr gf nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih gf Bh`h}khr rf fof}bf` h w}hzër gfn \h}nhif`wd. gfn Edmkf}`d { gf rv \}frkgf`wf Nhr Krnhr rf bd`jkev}h` bdid fnfif`wdr gf nh d}eh`khbkò` wf}}kwd}khn gf nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih gf Bh`h}khr Nhr bdi|fwf`bkhr xvf nfr hw}kmv{h` nhr nf{fr gfn \h}nhif`wd gf Bh`h}khr rf}è` fof}bkghr h w}hzër gf ndr Bhmkngdr Ndr Bhmkngdr K`rvnh}fr rd` rkivnwè`fhif`wf ò}eh`dr gf edmkf}`d. hgik`krw}hbkò` { }f|}frf`whbkò` gf bhgh Krnh f k`rwkwvbkd`fr gf nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih

NHR HGIK@KRW]HBKD@FR \ßMNKBHR BH@H]KHR.

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FN \H]NHIF@WD GF BH@H]KHR

Ò}eh`d }f|}frf`whwkzd gfn |vfmnd bh`h}kd Gv}hbkò` gfn ih`ghwd bvhw}d hødr Rf bd`rwkwv{f gf`w}d gfn |nhd gf ndr 2< 2 < géhr rkevkf`wfr h nh bfnfm}hbkò` gf nhr fnfbbkd`fr Jv`bkd`h f` \nf`d { f` Bdikrkd`fr Jv`bkd`fr? /Fof}bf nh |dwfrwhg nfekrnhwkzh gf nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih /H|}vfmh ndr |}frv|vfrwdr gf nh ikrih /Bd`w}dnh nh hbbkò` gfn Edmkf}`d /Gfrke`h h ndr Rf`hgd}fr }f|}frf`wh`wfr gf nh Bdiv`kghg /Rdnkbkwh gfn Edmkf}`d nh hgd|bkò` { |}frf`whbkò` gf |}d{fbwdr gf nf{ /K`wf}|d`f }fbv}rd gf k`bd`rwkwvbkd`hnkghg FN EDMKF]@D GF BH@H]KHR.

Fr fn ò}eh`d rv|f}kd} bdnfekhgd xvf. mhod nh gk}fbbkò` gfn \}frkgf`wf. frwhmnfbf ndr dmofwkzdr |dnéwkbdr ef`f}hnfr { gk}kef nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` gf nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih gf Bh`h}khr H whn jk` fof}bf nh k`kbkhwkzh nfekrnhwkzh. nh jv`bkò` fofbvwkzh { nh |dwfrwhg }fenhif`wh}kh. gf bd`jd}ikghg bd` fn Frwhwvwd gf Hvwd`diéh { nhr Nf{fr Fn Edmkf}`d gf Bh`h}khr frwè bdi|vfrwd |d} fn \}frkgf`wf. fn Zkbf|}frkgf`wf { ndr Bd`rfof}dr Fn `ÿif}d gf ikfim}dr `d fqbfgf}è gf 88 Fn \}frkgf`wf gfn Edmkf}`d gfrke`h}è gf f`w}f rvr ikfim}dr v` Rfb}fwh}kd. { gfwf}ik`h}è ndr ò}eh`dr gf h|d{d xvf |}fbkrf |h}h fn fof}bkbkd gf rvr jv`bkd`fr 8=

Nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih gf Bh`h}khr |drff bdi|fwf`bkh |h}h hvwdd}eh`kh}rf. f`bdif`gè`gdrf hn Edmkf}`d }fekd`hn nh jv`bkò` d}eh`khwkzh gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` \ÿmnkbh Bh`h}kh |h}h hgfbvh}nh h rvr jk`fr Nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` Hvwd`òikbh Bh`h}kh fr fn bd`ov`wd gf ò}eh`dr of}è}xvkbhif`wf d}gf`hgdr xvf. f` fn rf`d gfn \dgf} fofbvwkzd gf nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih. { bd` |f}rd`hnkghg ov}égkbh ÿ`kbh. gfrh}}dnnh` nh hbwkzkghg hgik`krw}hwkzh f` nh frjf}h gf bdi|fwf`bkhr xvf hxvënnh wf`eh hw}kmvkghr frwhwvwh}khif`wf. rk}zkf`gd gf k`rw}vif`wd |h}h nh |}frwhbkò` gf ndr rf}zkbkdr xvf gkbah Bdiv`kghg gfmh }fhnkh} gk}fbwhif`wf Nh hbwvhn d}eh`khbkò` gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` \ÿmnkbh gf Bh`h}khr. }fr|d`gf mèrkbhif`wf. rfeÿ` Gfb}fwd =8=$;8. =8=$;8. hn rkevkf`wf frxvfih? 8+ Ò}eh`dr Bf`w}hnfr?  Bd`rfod gf Edmkf}`d  \}frkgf`wf  Zkbf|}frkgf`wf  Bd`rfof}dr  Zkbfbd`rfof}dr  Rfb}fwh}kdr Ef`f}hnfr Wëb`kbdr  Gk}fbwd}fr Ef`f}hnfr  Rf}zkbkdr  Rfbbkd`fr  @fedbkhgdr =+ Ò}eh`dr \f}kjë}kbdr?  Gk}fbbkd`fr Wf}}kwd}khnfr  Rf}zkbkdr Wf}}kwd}khnfr  Rfbbkd`fr Wf}}kwd}khnfr  @fedbkhgdr Wf}}kwd}khnfr 2+ Ò}eh`dr bdnfekhgdr 7+ D}eh`kridr Hvwò`didr 6+ Fi|}frhr \ÿmnkbhr Rfeÿ` fn h}wébvnd 8: gfn Frwhwvwd gf Hvwd`diéh gf Bh`h}khr. Bh`h}khr. fn Edmkf}`d gf Bh`h}khr frwè bdi|vfrwd |d}? fn \}frkgf`wf. fn Zkbf|}frkgf`wf { ndr Bd`rfof}dr. rk` xvf fn `ÿif}d gf ikfim}dr gfn Edmkf}`d fqbfgh gf 88 Fn \}frkgf`wf gfn Edmkf}`d gf Bh`h}khr drwf`wh nh ièr hnwh }f|}frf`whbkò` gf nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih { nh d}gk`h}kh gfn Frwhgd f` Bh`h}khr. { gk}kef. ki|vnrh { bdd}gk`h nh hbbkò` gfn Edmkf}`d Bh`h}kd rk` |f}ovkbkd gf nh bdi|fwf`bkh { }fr|d`rhmknkghg gk}fbwh gf ndr gfièr ikfim}dr gfn ikrid f` rv efrwkò` H |h}wk} gf nd gkr|vfrwd f` fn h}wébvnd 8: gfn Frwhwvwd gf Hvwd`diéh gf Bh`h}khr rf ah zf`kgd frwhmnfbkf`gd nh bdi|drkbkò` hgik`krw}hwkzh gfn Edmkf}`d f` 8< Bd`rfof}éhr. xvf bd` nh gf \}frkgf`bkh gfn Edmkf}`d rvih` 88 Hbwvhnif`wf rd` nhr xvf rføhnh fn Gfb}fwd =<:$=<<5. gf 82 gf ovnkd |d} fn xvf rf gfwf}ik`h` fn `ÿif}d. gf`dik`hbkò` { bdi|fwf`bkhr gf nhr Bd`rfof}éhr?  

\}frkgf`bkh gfn Edmkf}`d Bd`rfof}éh gf \}frkgf`bkh. Ovrwkbkh { Rfev}kghg3

82

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Bd`rfof}éh gf Fbd`diéh { Ahbkf`gh3 Bd`rfof}éh gf Dm}hr \ÿmnkbhr { W}h`r|d}wfr3 Bd`rfof}éh gf He}kbvnwv}h. Eh`hgf}éh. \frbh { Hnkif`whbkò`3 Bd`rfof}éh gf Fgvbhbkò`. V`kzf}rkghgfr. Bvnwv}h { Gf|d}wfr3 Bd`rfof}éh gf Mkf`frwh} Rdbkhn. Ovzf`wvg { Zkzkf`gh3 Bd`rfof}éh gf Rh`kghg3 Bd`rfof}éh gf Ifgkd Himkf`wf { D}gf`hbkò` Wf}}kwd}khn3 Bd`rfof}éh gf Fi|nfd. K`gvrw}kh { Bdif}bkd3 Bd`rfof}éh gf Wv}krid

Fn wë}ik`d Bd`rfof}éh rf vwknkh |h}h gfrke`h} nd xvf bd` ièr |}d|kfghg gfmf}éh gf`dik`h}rf „Gf|h}whif`wd’. fr gfbk}. fn bdi|nfod d}eè`kbd xvf mhod nh rv|f}kd} gk}fbbkò` gf v` Bd`rfof}d wkwvnh} gf bh}wf}h gf|h}whif`whn { ikfim}d gfn Edmkf}`d. nf |}frwh h|d{d { fof}bf nhr bdi|fwf`bkhr fofbvwkzhr { hgik`krw}hwkzhr gf v` è}fh ièr d if`dr adideë`fh gf efrwkò` |dnéwkbd)hgik`krw}hwkzh gfwf}ik`hgh. f`bdif`ghgh |d} fn Edmkf}`d gf Bh`h}khr gf`w}d gf rv fr|fbw}d jv`bkd`hn frwhwvwh}kd { nfehn Fn Edmkf}`d |dg}è bd`rwkwvk}. f` rv rf`d. Bdikrkd`fr bd` bh}èbwf} |f}ih`f`wf d wfi|d}hn |h}h bdd}gk`h} nh fnhmd}hbkò` { fofbvbkò` gf gk}fbw}kbfr { gkr|drkbkd`fr. |}de}hih} nh |dnéwkbh k`wf}gf|h}whif`whn { fqhik`h} ndr hrv`wdr gf k`wf}ër bdiÿ` Nhr Zkbfbd`rfof}éhr rd` ò}eh`dr gf ndr Gf|h}whif`wdr h ndr xvf bd}}fr|d`gf v` rfbwd} ihwf}khn gf nhr jv`bkd`fr gf ërwdr F` fn èimkwd gf rvr hw}kmvbkd`fr gf|f`gf` gk}fbwhif`wf gf ndr wkwvnh}fr gf ndr gf|h}whif`wdr. { h rv zf gf nhr Zkbfbd`rfof}éhr gf|f`gf` nhr Gk}fbbkd`fr Ef`f}hn { Wf}}kwd}khnfr xvf nfr frwë` hgrb}kwhr Nhr Rfb}fwh}éhr Ef`f}hnfr Wëb`kbhr rd` ò}eh`dr ad}kd`whnfr gf bdd}gk`hbkò` hgik`krw}hwkzh ef`f}hn gf ndr Gf|h}whif`wdr F` fn èimkwd gf rvr hw}kmvbkd`fr gf|f`gf` gk}fbwhif`wf gf ndr Bd`rfof}dr Nhr Gk}fbbkd`fr Ef`f}hnfr rd` ò}eh`dr h ndr xvf nfr bd}}fr|d`gf v` rfbwd} ihwf}khn gf nhr jv`bkd`fr gfn Gf|h}whif`wd F` fn èimkwd gf rvr hw}kmvbkd`fr gf|f`gf` gk}fbwhif`wf gf nhr Zkbfbd`rfof}éhr h xvf frwë` hgrb}kwhr d f` rv gfjfbwd gf ndr wkwvnh}fr gf ndr Gf|h}whif`wdr Gf nhr Gk}fbbkd`fr Ef`f}hnfr gf|f`gf` nhr Gk}fbbkd`fr Wf}}kwd}khnfr xvf nfr frwë` hgrb}kwhr

87

FRW]VBWV]H D]EÈ@KBH GF NH BD@RFOF]ÉH GF FGVBHBKÒ@ BVNWV]H [ EDMKF]@D DMKF]@D GF BH@H]KHR. GF\D]WFR GFN E

6 NHR KRNHR [ NH BDIV@KGHG HVWÒ@DIH GF BH@H]KHR Nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih gf Bh`h}khr frwè k`wfe}hgh |d} ndr wf}}kwd}kdr k`rvnh}fr gf fn Akf}}d. Jvf}wfzf`wv}h. E}h` Bh`h}kh. Nh Edif}h. Nh`h}dwf. Nh \hnih { Wf`f}kjf. hré bdid |d} nhr Krnhr gf Hnfe}h`h. Nh E}hbkdrh. Ndmdr { Id`whøh Bnh}h. ]dxvf gfn frwf { ]dxvf gfn Dfrwf. he}fehghr hgik`krw}hwkzh h Nh`h}dwf. rhnzd nh gf Ndmdr. xvf nd frwè h Jvf}wfzf`wv}h F` mhrf h nhr rkfwf krnhr ih{d}fr frwè h}wkbvnhgh nh d}eh`khbkò` wf}}kwd}khn gf Bh`h}khr. rkf`gd nh k`rwkwvbkò` gf edmkf}`d gf nh krnh fn Bhmkgd K`rvnh}. { nh gf ndr iv`kbk|kdr fn H{v`whikf`wd Ndr Bhmkngdr K`rvnh}fr rd` rkivnwè`fhif`wf ndr ò}eh`dr gf Edmkf}`d. hgik`krw}hbkò` { }f|}frf`whbkò` gf bhgh Krnh F` bvh`wd k`rwkwvbkd`fr gf nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih. hrvif` f` bhgh Krnh nh }f|}frf`whbkò` d}gk`h}kh gfn Edmkf}`d { gf nh hgik`krw}hbkò` Hvwò`dih { fofbvwh` f` rv `dim}f bvhnxvkf} bdi|fwf`bkh xvf ërwh `d fof}h gk}fbwhif`wf h w}hzër gf ò}eh`dr hgik`krw}hwkzdr |}d|kdr. f` ndr wë}ik`dr xvf frwhmnfbh nh nf{ Ndr Bhmkngdr K`rvnh}fr `d |dg}è` ih`bdiv`h}rf d jfgf}h}rf Fn h}wébvnd 788 gf nh Nf{ 5$8;16 gf = gf hm}kn. }fevnhgd}h gf nhr Mhrfr gfn ]ëekif` Ndbhn gkr|d`f xvf ndr Bhmkngdr. bdid ò}eh`d gf edmkf}`d. hgik`krw}hbkò` { }f|}frf`whbkò` gf bhgh Krnh. rf }kef` |d} nhr `d}ihr gf frwh Nf{ xvf }fevnh` nh 86

d}eh`khbkò` { jv`bkd`hikf`wd gf nhr Gk|vwhbkd`fr \}dzk`bkhnfr. hrvikf`gd nhr bdi|fwf`bkhr gf ërwhr

BHMKNGD K@RVNH] Rd` rkivnwè`fhif`wf ò}eh`dr gf edmkf}`d { hgik`krw}hbkò` gf bhgh krnh f K`rwkwvbkd`fr gf nh Bdiv`kghg Hrvif` f` bhgh krnh nh }f|}frf`whbkò` d}gk`h}kh gfn Edmkf}`d { gf nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` \ÿmnkbh Fofbvwh` f` `dim}f gf nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih bvhnxvkf} bdi|fwf`bkh xvf ërwh `d fof}h gk}fbwhif`wf h w}hzër gf ò}eh`dr hgik`krw}hwkzdr |}d|kdr

: NDR IV@KBK\KDR BH@H]KDR Ndr iv`kbk|kdr bh`h}kdr. bdid F`wkghgfr Ndbhnfr Wf}}kwd}khnfr. gk}kekgdr |d} rvr ò}eh`dr gf edmkf}`d { }f|}frf`whbkò`. edh` gf hvwd`diéh |h}h fn fof}bkbkd gf rvr bdi|fwf`bkhr |}d|khr Nh d}eh`khbkò` { jv`bkd`hikf`wd gf ndr iv`kbk|kdr bh`h}kdr rf }fek}è` |d} nh nfekrnhbkò` mèrkbh gf }ëekif` ndbhn { |d} rvr }fr|fbwkzdr ]fenhif`wdr d}eè`kbdr Rf }fbd`dbf h ndr iv`kbk|kdr fn gf}fbad h hrdbkh}rf bd` dw}dr f` Ih`bdiv`kghgfr |h}h nh fofbvbkò` f` bdiÿ` gf dm}hr { rf}zkbkdr gfwf}ik`hgdr f` fn èimkwd gf rvr bdi|fwf`bkhr Ò]EH@DR MÈRKBDR

Fn Hnbhngf Ndr Wf`kf`wfr gf Hnbhngf Fn \nf`d Ov`wh gf Edmkf}`d Ndbhn Ndr Bd`bfohnfr)Gfnfehgdr Ò]EH@DR BDI\NFIF@WH]KDR

Bdikrkd`fr Iv`kbk|hnfr K`jd}ihwkzhr Bdikrkò` Fr|fbkhn gf Bvf`whr Bdikrkò` gf Bdnhmd}hbkò` bd` dw}hr Hgik`krw}hbkd`fr \ÿmnkbhr Ò]EH@DR GF EFRWKÒ@ GFRBF@W]HNK_HGH

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Ov`whr Iv`kbk|hnfr gf Gkrw}kwd

8:

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H{v`whikf`wd Fnfekgd |d} ndr bd`bfohnfr d zfbk`dr

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85

F@WKGHGFR NDBHNFR GF ÈIMKWD K@JF]KD] HN IV@KBK\KD?

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Rd` hrdbkhbkd`fr zdnv`wh}khr gf zh}kdr Iv`kbk|kdr |h}h nh fofbvbkò` f` bdiÿ` gf dm}hr { rf}zkbkdr gf bdi|fwf`bkh iv`kbk|hn bdid. |d} fofi|nd. }fbdekgh gf mhrv}hr. mdimf}dr. nki|kfh. w}héghr gf hevh. fwb BDIH]BHR?

Rd` he}v|hbkd`fr gf Iv`kbk|kdr bd` v`h mhrf akrwò}kbh. efde}èjkbh { fbd`òikbh bdiÿ`. xvf bd`rwkwv{f` v` rd|d}wf |h}h nh |}frwhbkò` gf gfwf}ik`hgdr rf}zkbkdr { nh efrwkò` gf k`wf}frfr bdiv`fr. bdid |d} fofi|nd? bhik`dr }fhnfr. efrwkò` gf id`wfr { |}didbkò` wv}érwkbh

: NH HGIK@KRW]HBKÒ@ HGIK@KRW]HBKÒ@ K@RWKWVBKD@HN BH@H]KH Nh w}hgkbkd`hnif`wf nnhihgh Hgik`krw}hbkò` K`rwkwvbkd`hn he}v|h h wdghr nhr F`wkghgfr gf Gf}fbad |ÿmnkbd gf|f`gkf`wfr h nh Hgik`krw}hbkò` mhod nh gf`dik`hbkò` ef`ë}kbh gf „D}eh`kridr \ÿmnkbdr’ . gkrwk`evkf`gd f`w}f „D}eh`kridr Hvwò`didr’ { „F`wkghgfr \ÿmnkbhr Fi|}frh}khnfr’ Rd` D}eh`kridr Hvwò`didr gf nh Bdiv`kghg nhr F`wkghgfr gf Gf}fbad \ÿmnkbd bd` |f}rd`hnkghg ov}égkbh { |hw}kid`kd |}d|kdr gkrwk`wdr gf ndr gf nh Bdiv`kghg. h xvkf`fr rf f`bdikf`gh fq|}frhif`wf f` }ëekif` gfrbf`w}hnkhgd nh d}eh`khbkò` { hgik`krw}hbkò` gf hneÿ` rf}zkbkd |ÿmnkbd { gf ndr jd`gdr hgrb}kwdr hn ikrid. fn bvi|nkikf`wd gf hbwkzkghgfr fbd`òikbhr hn rf}zkbkd gf jk`fr gkzf}rdr { nh hgik`krw}hbkò` gf gfwf}ik`hgdr mkf`fr gf nh Bdiv`kghg Nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih gf Bh`h}khr wkf`f bdi|fwf`bkh fqbnvrkzh |h}h }fevnh} fn }ëekif` gf rvr d}eh`kridr hvwò`didr. gf hbvf}gd bd` nh nfekrnhbkò` mèrkbh gfn Frwhgd. rfeÿ` frwhmnfbf fn h}wébvnd 2<= gfn Frwhwvwd gf Hvwd`diéh gf Bh`h}khr Nh `d}ihwkzh h|nkbhmnf h ndr D}eh`kridr Hvwò`didr rf}è? ) Nh Nf{ Wf}}kwd}khn gf b}fhbkò` gfn d}eh`krid hvwò`did gf xvf rf w}hwf. xvf bd`rwkwvk}è rv frwhwvwd |h}wkbvnh}. { ndr |}fbf|wdr xvf h gkbadr f`wfr gfgkbh nh Nf{ gf nhr Ahbkf`gh \ÿmnkbh gf nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih gf Bh`h}khr Bh`h}khr

81

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Rf h|nkbh}è rv|nfwd}khif`wf fn Gf}fbad frwhwhn. f` |h}wkbvnh}. ndr h}wébvndr 8 { = { fn Wéwvnd KKK gf nh Nf{ :$8;;5. gf 87 gf hm}kn. gf D}eh`khbkò` { Jv`bkd`hikf`wd gf nh hgik`krw}hbkò` Ef`f}hn gfn Frwhgd Frwhgd

Ndr D}eh`kridr Hvwò`didr rf bnhrkjkbh` f`? h+ D}eh`kridr Hvwò`didr gf bh}èbwf} hgik`krw}hwkzd. hgik`krw}hwkzd. xvf rd` ndr rkevkf`wfr? ) K`rwkwvwd Bh`h}kd gf hgik`krw}hbkò` \ÿmnkbh ) Rf}zkbkd Bh`h}kd gf nh Rhnvg ) K`rwkwvwd Bh`h}kd gf K`zfrwkehbkd`fr He}h}khr ) K`rwkwvwd Bh`h}kd gf Bhnkghg He}dhnkif`wh}kh ) K`rwkwvwd Bh`h}kd gf Frwhgérwkbh ) Hbhgfikh Bh`h}kh gf Rfev}kghg ) Rf}zkbkd Bh`h}kd gf Fi|nfd ) K`rwkwvwd Bh`h}kd gf nh Ivof} ) Hef`bkh gf \}dwfbbkò` gfn Ifgkd V}mh`d { @hwv}hn ) Hef`bkh Bh`h}kh gf Fzhnvhbkò` gf nh Bhnkghg { Hb}fgkwhbkò` V`kzf}rkwh}kh ) K`rwkwvwd Bh`h}kd gf nh Zkzkf`gh m+ D}eh`kridr Hvwò`didr gf bh}èbwf} bdif}bkhn. k`gvrw}khn. jk`h`bkf}d d h`èndedr h`èndedr Fn ÿ`kbd D}eh`krid Hvwò`did gf bh}èbwf} bdif}bkhn fqkrwf`wf f` nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih gf Bh`h}khr fr fn K`rwkwvwd Bh`h}kd gf Afidgd`hbkò` { Afidwf}h|kh Afidwf}h|kh Gfjk`f Gf nh Bvëwh}h nh fi|}frh |ÿmnkbh bdid v` |hw}kid`kd hgik`krw}hwkzd f` hbbkò`. { rføhnh ndr gdr e}h`gfr wk|dr gf fi|}frhr |ÿmnkbhr ad{ }fbd`dbkghr? 8+ nhr F`wkghgfr gf Gf}fbad \ÿmnkbd xvf hbwÿh` f` fn w}èjkbd rdifwkghr h nhr }fenhr gfn Gf}fbad \}kzhgd. { =+ nhr F`wkghgfr gf Gf}fbad \}kzhgd |}d|kfghg gf nhr Hgik`krw}hbkd`fr \ÿmnkbhr Ndr D}eh`kridr Hvwò`didr gf nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih gf Bh`h}khr whimkë` frwè` hvwd}khgdr |h}h nh b}fhbkò` gf fi|}frhr |ÿmnkbhr bd` jd}ih gf rdbkfghg if}bh`wkn. nd xvf f` bhgh bhrd rf hbd}gh}è |d} fn Edmkf}`d Nhr fi|}frhr |ÿmnkbhr rf }fek}è` |d} nhr `d}ihr gf Gf}fbad If}bh`wkn. Bkzkn d Nhmd}hn. rhnzd nd gkr|vfrwd f` nh Nf{ gf nh Ahbkf`gh \ÿmnkbh gf nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih gf Bh`h}khr { |d} fn ]fenhif`wd gf D}eh`khbkò` { Jv`bkd`hikf`wd gf nh K`wf}zf`bkò` Ef`f}hn gf nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih gf Bh`h}khr !Gfb}fwd =1$8;;5. gf : gf ih}d+ }fr|fbwd h rv bd`w}dn fbd`òikbd { jk`h`bkf}d Nh hbwkzkghg fi|}frh}khn gf `vfrw}h Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih rf |f}rd`kjkbh h w}hzër gf nhr rkevkf`wfr rdbkfghgfr if}bh`wknfr? ) Bh`h}khr Bd`e}frr Mv}fhv Ihr|hndihr E}h` Bh`h}kh RH ) Bh`h}khr Bd`e}frr Mv}fhv Wf`f}kjf Rv} RH ) Bh`h}khr Bvnwv}h f` }fg RH ) Bh}wde}èjkbhr gf Bh`h}khr RH ) Efrwkò` gf Rf}zkbkdr |h}h nh Rhnvg { Rfev}kghg f` Bh`h}khr RH ) Efrwkò` { \nh`fhikf`wd Wf}}kwd}khn { Ifgkdhimkf`whn RH !Efr|nh`+ ) Efrwkò` ]fbhvghwd}kh gf Bh`h}khr RH ) Efrwkò` V}mh`érwkbh gf Nhr \hnihr RH ) Efrwkò` V}mh`érwkbh gf Wf`f}kjf RH ) Efrwkò` gfn Ifgkd ]v}hn gf Bh`h}khr RH

8;

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\}didwd} Wv}krid Bh`h}khr RH Adwfnfr Frbvfnhr gf Bh`h}khr RH K`rwkwvwd Wfb`dnòekbd gf Bh`h}khr RH If}bhgdr f` D}kef` gf \}dgvbwdr He}h}kdr gf Bh`h}kdr RH \}d{fbwd Id`vif`whn Id`whøh gf Wk`gh{h RH RH gf \}didbkò` gfn Wv}krid. @hwv}hnfh { Dbkd RH Rdbkfghg Bh`h}kh gf Jdif`wd Fbd`òikbd RH Rdbkfghg |h}h fn Gfrh}}dnnd Fbd`òikbd gf Bh`h}khr RH Wfnfzkrkò` \ÿmnkbh gf Bh`h}khr RH ]hgkd|ÿmnkbh gf Bh`h}khr RH Zkzkf`ghr Rdbkhnfr f K`j}hfrw}vbwv}hr gf Bh`h}khr RH

Fqkrwf` v`h rf}kf gf f`wfr }frkrwf`wfr hn }ëekif` bdiÿ` gf ndr D}eh`kridr Hvwò`didr `d rvofwdr h nh }fevnhbkò` ef`f}hn . rk`d h rvr |fbvnkh}fr frwhwvwdr Gfmf` rf} b}fhgdr |d} Nf{ gfn \h}nhif`wd gf Bh`h}khr. xvf gfwf}ik`f rv }ëekif` ov}égkbd. rvr jk`fr fr|fbéjkbdr { bhvrhr gf fqwk`bkò`. rkf`gd |}fbkrd |h}h ërwh dw}d hbwd nfekrnhwkzd jd}ihn gfn \h}nhif`wd gf Bh`h}khr Ndr f`wfr |ÿmnkbdr gf frwh wk|dndeéh fqkrwf`wfr f` nh Bdiv`kghg Hvwò`dih gf Bh`h}khr rd` ndr rkevkf`wfr? Fn Bd`rfod Fbd`òikbd { Rdbkhn ]hgkdwfnfzkrkò` Bh`h}kh Frbvfnh gf Rf}zkbkdr Rh`kwh}kdr { Rdbkhnfr gf Bh`h}khr \vf}wdr Bh`h}kdr • • • •

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