Kimia Organik - Esterifikasi Etil Asetat

@ngnb Fsjban`  I|uisnhn`b|n iund b|iubu 

En|y|ya Fdim ;

Fjn Aysmbsn

32?=2?::

P\I@FDBM UNAJJN HBSGB\N CBAEYAJW 3?2?

 I|uisnhn`b|n ² iund b|iubu 

@BUB _IAJBAUBS 

B||bdbgyºbdbn`yg Zs Zc$

_ykn eba \~y`ys gbsndbm `nub pbakbu`ba bub| `imbensbu Bddbm \ZU$ `bsiab bub| snemf eba `bsyanbA~b dbm `bgn ebpbu gia~idi|bn`ba Gb`bdbm Gn`sfcnfdfjn Hbsgb|n nan eiajba cbn`! Ebdbg pia~y|yaba gb`bdbm nan nan gyaj`na `bgn giaj bdbgn `i|ydnuba eba `iaebdb ~baj en|icbc`ba fdim `iuiscbub|ba `igbgpyba$ piajiubmyba$ eba zbzb|ba |isub pfdb pn`ns `bgn! Abgya cis`bu `i~b`naba$ `inajnaba$ eba y|bmb eiajba |yajjym'|yajjym b`mnsa~b |igyb mbgcbuba nuy ebpbu `bgn bub|n eiajba cbn`! @bgn gia~bebsn |iebdbg'ebdbga~b cbmzb `bgn uneb`dbm |igpysab ebdbg pigcybuba gb`bdbm nan! Eiajba eign`nba `bgn cismbsbp eiajba encybua~b gb`bdbm nan ebpbu gigiaymn pis|~bsbuba ebdbg Gbub @ydnbm Gn`sfcnfdfjn Hbsgb|n nan eba ebpbu cisgbahbbu cbjn `bgn |isub pbsb pigc blb dbnaa~b! dbnaa~b! Uneb` dypb `bgn cisuisngb`b|nm `ipbeb si`ba 'si`ba ~baj uidbm cba~b` gigcbauy ebdbg psf|i| pigcybuba Gb`bdbm nan!

Zb||bdbgyºbdbn`yg Zs Zc$ Cbaeyaj$ kbaybsn 3?2? _ia~y|ya

3

 _sb`un`yg `ngnb fsjban` 

 I|uisnhn`b|n ² iund b|iubu  EBHUBS  N\N

@BUB _IAJBAUBS !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 3 EBHUBS N\N !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!! < CBC N _IAEBMYDYBA !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 5 2!2 Dbsbu Cidb`baj !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 5 2!3 Uykyba !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!! 9 2!< _igcbub|ba Gb|bdbm !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! 9 2!5 Giufei _iaidnunba !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 9 CBC NN N\N !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! 8 3!2 Unakbyba Ygyg !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 8 3!3 Sib`|n I|uisnhn`b|n !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! = 3!< Gi`ban|gi S} I|uisnhn`b|n \naui|n| \naui|n| Iund B|iubu !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 2? CBC NNN _IAYUY_ !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 23 @i|ngpydba !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! 23 EBHUBS _Y\UB@B!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 2<

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 _sb`un`yg `ngnb fsjban` 

 I|uisnhn`b|n ² iund b|iubu  CBC

N

_IAEBMYDYBA

2!2 Dbubs Cidb`baj

I|uisnhn`b|n gisypb`ba |bdbm |buy sib`|n ~baj |isnaj endb`y`ba |icbjbn dbaj`bm yauy` gia|naui|n| |icybm |ia~bzb `ngnb fsjban`$ I|uis cn|b enpis|nbp`ba eiajba i|uisnhn`b|n dbaj|yaj b|bg eiajba bd`fmfd ebajba b|bg |icbjbn `bubdn| -b|bg |ydhysbu$ m~esfjia `dfsneb. eba eiajba bd`fmfdn|n| b|bg `dfsneb b|bg bamnesne eba jbsbg giubdn` buby b|bg `bscf`|ndbu eiajba bd`nd mbdnei buby bd`nd |ydhbu! Lfaufm |ikian| i|uisnhn`b|n dbaj|yaj eiajba `bubdn| b|bg gidnpyun gi`ban|gi cisn`yu; -2. _sfufab|n `idfgpf` `bscf`|nd$ -3. _iabgcbmba bdlfmfd -<. piajmbpy|ba bns eba eipsfufab|n! \ia~bzb ³ |ia~bzb i|uis cba~b` `ijyabba |isub hyaj|na~b cbjn `imneypba gbay|nb$ uisyubgb en cnebaj hbsgb|n! Gb`b ebsn e bsn nuy$ pigcybuba gb`bdbm nan enuyky`ba yauy` giakidb|`ba eba dicnm gigpidbkbsn dbjn dicnm giaebdbg uiaubaj i|uisnhn`b|n! @my|y|a~b uiaubaj giund |bdn|ndbu!

5

 _sb`un`yg `ngnb fsjban` 

 I|uisnhn`b|n ² iund b|iubu  2!3 Uykyba

Uykyba ebsn gb`bdbm nan bebdbm; 

Yauy` gigiaymn |bdbm |buy uyjb| _sb`un`yg @ngnb Fsjban`!



Gigpidbkbsn uiman` I|uisnhn`b|n!



Gigcisn`ba piajiubmyba I|uisnhn`b|n iund b|iubu!



Giajiubmyn giaebdbg dbjn uiaubaj sib`|n ³ sib`|n eba gi`ban|gi ebdbg |nui|n| iund b|iubu!

2!< _igcbub|ba Gb|bdbm

Ebdbg piaydn|ba gb`bdbm nan$ piaydn| gigcbub|n gb|bdbm pbeb pigcbmb|ba giajiabn @ngnb Fsjban` gialb`yp uiaubaj µIund B|iubu -i|uisnhn`b|n.¹ |icbjbn giufei \naui|n| ebdbg ui`an` dbcfsbufsnyg$ eba uifsn |isub hb`ufs 'hb`ufs ~baj cis`bnuba eiajba pigcbmb|ba uis|icyu!

2!5 Giufei _iaidnunba

_iajygpydba ebub ~baj enebpbu`ba ebsn ciscbjbn |ygcis$ enbaubsba~b ; ebsn nauisaiu eba cy`y uiaubaj µ@ngnb Fsjban`¹$ |isub ciscbjbn |ygcis ~baj giaey`yaj ebdbg pigcybuba gb`bdbm nan!

9

 _sb`un`yg `ngnb fsjban` 

 I| u  u  s  `b |n |n ² i u  und b   nd b |i  |i ubu  ubu  CBC

\

3 2 Unakbyba Ygyg

Ebdbg `ngnb$ i|uis bebdbm |ybuy |ia~bzb fsjban` ~baj uisciauy` gidbdyn piajjbaunba |buy -buby dicnm. bufg mnesfjia pbeb jyjy| mnesf`|nd eiajba |ybuy jyjy| fsjban` -cnb|b endbgcbaj`ba eiajba S .! B|bg f`|njia bebdbm |ybuy b|bg ~baj gfdi`yda~b gigndn`n jyjy| '

~baj mnesfjiaa~b -M. ebpbu uisen|f|nb|n

giakben nfa M+! I|uis ebpbu encybu fdim |ybuy sib`|n `i|ingcbajba baubsb |ybuy bd`fmfd eba

|ybuy b|bg `bscfa! I|uis enabgbn giaysyu `idfgpf` bd`nd ebsn bd`fmfd eba `igyenba bd`bafbu -cbjnba ebsn b|bg `bscfa.! \icbjbn lfaufm$ sib`|n baubsb giubafd eba b|bg cyuns giajmb|nd`ba i|uis giund cyuns L
ciscby mbsyg gidnpyun cia{fbu |ipisun giund cia{fbui! Bebpya lbsb'lbsb gigcybu i| uis baubsb dbna; 2! _igcybuba i|uis ebsn bd`fmfd eba b|nd `dfsneb -`dfsneb b|bg. b| bg. Kn`b `nub giabgcbm`ba |icybm b|nd `dfsneb `iebdbg |icybm bd`fmfd $ gb`b sib`|n ~baj uiskben ly`yp psfjsi|nh -cbm`ba cisdbaj|yaj micbu. pbeb |ymy `bgbs

giajmb|nd`ba |icybm i|uis eba bzba'bzba ebsn b|bp mnesfjia `dfsneb ~baj b|bg eba cisybp! \icbjbn lfaufm$ kn`b `nub giabgcbm`ba iubafd `sdfsneb `iebdbg i ubafd$ gb`b b`ba uisciauy` cba~b` mnesfjia `dfsneb cis|bgb eiajba i| uis lbns i und iubafbu!

8

 _ sb`u  sb`u n n `  ` 

` ngn  ngn b fs  b fs  b  n `  ` 

 I| u  ui   is  s  nhn   nhn `b  `b |n |n ² i u  und b   nd b |i  |i ubu  ubu 

3! _igcybuba i|uis ebsn bd`fmfd eba bamnesneb b|bg b| bg Sib`|n'sib`|n eiajba bamnesneb b|bg cisdbaj|yaj dicnm dbgcbu encbaenaj sib`|n'

sib`|n ~baj |isypb eiajba b|nd `dfsneb$ eba cnb|ba~b lbgpysba sib`|n ~baj uisciauy` pisdy enpbab|`ba! Gbsn `nub bgcnd lfaufm iubafd ~baj cisib`|n eiajba bamnesneb iubafbu |icbjbn |icybm sib`|n |ieismbab ~baj gidncbu`ba |icybm bd`fmfd; Sib`|n cisdbaj|yaj dbgcbu pbeb |ymy `bgbs -buby dicnm lipbu pbeb pigbab|ba.!

Uneb` beb pisycbmba ~baj cn|b enbgbun pbeb lbnsba ~baj uneb` ciszbsab$ uiubpn |icybm lbgpysba iund iubafbu eba b|bg iubafbu uisciauy`!

Iund b|iubu gisypb`ba |icybm i|uis ebsn bd`fmfd -iubafd. eiajba b|bg

`bscf`|ndbu -b|bg b|iubu.! iund b|iubu bebdbm |ia~bzb fsjban` eiajba sygy| LM
~

\naui|n| iund b|iubu Iund b|iubu en|naui|n| gidbdyn sib`|n i|uisnhn`b|n Hn|lmis ebsn b|bg b|iubu eba

iubafd$ cnb|ba~b en|isubn `bubdn| b|bg |ipisun b|bg |ydhbu! LM
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LM
:

 _ sb`u  sb`u n n `  `  g `  g ` ngn  ngn b fs  b fs  b  n `  ` 

 I| u  ui   is  s  nhn   nhn `b  `b |n |n ² i u  und b   nd b |i  |i ubu  ubu 

Iund iubafbu

Abgb |n|uigbun|

Iund

Iund b|iubu

b iubu

Iund i|u is

Abgb bduisabunh 

I|uis iu bafd Sygy| gfdi`yd

L5M=F3

Gb||b gfdbs

==!23 j&gfd

Eia|nub| eba hb|i

Unun` dicys

Unun` enenm

_iabgpndba

~

I|uis b|iubu

?!=>: j&lg¼$ lbnsba á=! @. ::!2 ¿L -<9?!39 @. Lbnsba ub` ciszbsab

\nhbu `ngnb eba hn|n`b iund b|iubu Iund b|iubu bebdbm pidbsyu pfdbs giaiajbm ~baj xfdbund -gyebm

giajybp.$ uneb` cisblya$ eba uneb` mnjsf|`fpn|! Iund b|iubu gisypb`ba piaisngb n`buba mnesfjia ~baj digbm$ eba cy`ba |ybuy efafs n`buba mnesfjia `bsiab uneb` beba~b psfufa ~baj cis|nhbu b|bg -~bnuy mnesfjia ~baj uisn`bu pbeb bufg idi`usfaijbunh |ipisun hdfs$ f`|njia$ eba anusfjia! Iund b|iubu

ebpbu gidbsyu`ba bns mnajjb <)$ eba dbsyu ebdbg bns mnajjb `idbsyuba =) pbeb |ymy `bgbs! @idbsyubaa~b gianaj`bu pbeb |ymy ~baj dicnm unajjn! Abgya eign`nba$ |ia~bzb nan uneb` |ubcnd ebdbg bns ~baj giajbaeyaj cb|b buby b|bg!

=

 _ sb`u  sb`u n n `  `  g `  g ` ngn  ngn b fs  b fs  b  n `  ` 

 I|uisnhn`b|n ² iund b|iubu  3!3 S ib`|n I|uisnhn`b|n

Sib`|n i|uisnhn`b|n Hn|lmis bebdbm sib`|n pigciauy`ba i|uis eiajba lbsb gisihdy`| |icybm b|bg `bscf`|ndbu cis|bgb |icybm bd`fmfd eiajba `bubdn| b|bg! B|bg ~baj enjyab`ba |icbjbn |icbjbn `bubdn| cnb|ba~b bebdbm b|bg |ydhbu buby b|bg Dizn| |ipisun |`baenyg-NNN. usnhdbu! _igciauy`ba i|uis gidbdyn b|ndb|n dbaj|yaj b|bg `bscf`|ndbu uismbebp bd`fmfd$ |ipisun pbeb i|uisnhn`b|n Hn|lmis dicnm en|y`bn `iungcbaj b|ndb|n eiajba bamnesneb b|bg -i`fafgn bufg ~baj siaebm. buby b|nd `dfsneb -|ia|nunh uismbebp `idigcbpba.! @idigbmba yubgb b|ndb|n dbaj|yaj bebdbm `fa|ubaub `i|iungcbajba `ngnb ~baj siaebm! Mbd nan mbsy| enbub|n eiajba giabgcbm`ba cba~b` b|bg `bscf`|ndbu$ eba pign|bmba bns ~baj giakben mb|nd sib`|n! _ign|bmba bns endb`y`ba gidbdyn en|undb|n Eiba'\ubs` buby piajjyabba |bsnajba gfdi`yd! Sib`|n nan gisypb`ba gisypb`ba giaebpbu`ba i|uis |ilbsb

sib`|n `i|iungcbajba$ |imnajjb uneb` gyaj`na

`ybaunubunh ebdbg |iunbp gfd sib`ubaa~b! @i|iungcbajba

ebpbu enbsbm`ba `i psfey` eiajba giajbgcnd psfey` bnsa~b$ buby eiajba gigcybu dicnm `ybaunub| |bdbm |buy sib`uba$ cnb|ba~b sib`uba ~baj mbsjba~b sidbunh  gysbm! _sf|i| i|uisnhn`b|n gisypb`ba psf|i| ~baj liaeisyaj enjyab`ba ebdbg psfey`|n i|uis ebsn b|bg digb` |pi|nhn` Dbky sib`|n i|uisnhn`b|n |bajbu enpiajbsymn fdim |usy`uys gfdi`yd sib`uba eba sben`bd ~baj uisciauy` ebdbg |ia~bzb baubsb! Ebub uiaubaj dbky sib`|n |isub gi`ban|gia~b en|y|ya ciseb|bs`ba `bsb`uis `naiun`a~b$ |iebaj`ba ebub uiaubaj pis`igcbajba sib`|n ena~bub`ba |icbjbn `fa|ubaub `i|iungcbajba!

>

 _sb`un`yg `ngnb fsjban` 

 I|uisnhn`b|n ² iund b|iubu  \ilbsb ygyg dbky sib`|n i|uisnhn`b|n g igpya~bn |nhbu |icbjbn cisn`yu; 2! Bd`fmfd psngis cisib`|n pbdnaj lipbu$ en|y|yd bd`fmfd |i`yaeis$ eba pbdnaj dbgcbu bd`fmfd uis|nis! Mbd nan en`bsiab`ba pbeb bd`fmf psngis uneb` beb mbdbajba |uisn` ~baj giajmbgcbu sib`|n 3! N`buba sbaj`bp gigpisdbgcbu sib`|n! =)! Andbn `faxis|n ~baj unajjn ebpbu enlbpbn eiajba i`|i| sib`uba ~baj ci|bs! _sf|i| i|uisnhn`b|n |ilbsb ygyg mbsy| en`iubmyn yauy` ebpbu giaefsfaj `faxi|n |ici|bs gyaj`na! \ilbsb ygyg beb unjb jfdfajba psf|i|$ eba piajjfdfajba nan cisjbauyaj `ipbeb xfdbundnub| i|uis; ~

Jfdfajba 2

Eiajba i|uis ~baj |bajbu gyebm giajybp$ |ipisun giund hfsgbu$ giund b|iubu$ eba iund hfsgbu$ unun` enenm i|uis dicnm siaebm ebsnpbeb bd`fmfd$ fdim `bsiab nuy i|uis |ijisb ebpbu enmndbaj`ba ebsn lbgpysba sib`|n! _sfey`|n giund b|iubu eiajba giufei en|undb|n Cblmby| gisypb`ba |icybm lfaufm ebsn jfdfajba nan! Giubafd eba b|bg b|iubu enygpba`ba `i ebdbg `fdfg e n|undb|n eba i|uis |ijisb enpn|bm`ba |icbjbn lbgpysba ybp eiajba giubafd ebsn cbjnba bub| `fdfg! Bns uisb`ygydb|n en eb|bs ubaj`n eba |idbakyua~b encybaj! I|uis eba bd`fmfd enpn|bm`ba dicnm dbakyu eb dbg `fdfg en|undb|n ~baj `ieyb! 2?

 _sb`un`yg `ngnb fsjban` 

 I|uisnhn`b|n ² iund b|iubu  ~

Jfdfajba 3

I|uis eiajba `igbgpyba giajybp |icbn`a~b enpn|bm`ba eiajba lbsb giajmndbaj`ba bns ~baj uisciauy` |ilbsb en|undb|n! Ebdbg cicisbpb mbd$ lbgpysba uisais ebsn bd`fmfd$ bns eba i|uis ebpbu uisciauy`! @idfgpf` nan db~b` yauy` enpn|bm`ba dicnm dbakyu; dbakyu; eiajba iund b|iubu$ |igy b cbjnba i|uis enpnaebm`ba |icbjbn lbgpysba ybp eiajba bd`fmfd eba |icbjnba bns$ |iebaj`ba |n|b bns b`ba uisb`ygydb|n ebdbg |n|uig! Eiajba cyund b|iubu$ |igyb cbjnba bns enpnaebm`ba `i cbjnba bub| eiajba |ien`nu cbjnba ebsn i|uis i|uis eba bd`fmfd$ |iebaj`ba |n| b i|uis uisb`ygydb|n ebdbg |n|uig! ~

Jfdfajba <

Eiajba i|uis ~baj gigpya~bn xfdbundnub| siaebm$ cicisbpb `igyaj`naba ungcyd! Ebdbg mbd cyund eba bgnd bd`fmfd$ bns enpn|bm`ba |icbjbn lbgpysba cnais eiajba bd`fmfd! Lfaufm Lfaufm psf|i| yauy` unpi |ipisun nan bebdbm p igcybuba encyund hubdbu! Yauy` giajmb|nd`ba i|uis ebsn bd`fmfd ~baj dicnm piaei` -giund$ iund$ psfpnd. encyuym`ba

piabgcbmba

mnesf`bscfa

|ipisun

cia {iab

eba

ufdyiab

yauy`

gigpisci|bs bns ~baj uisen|undb|n!eiajba bd`fmfd cisunun` enenm unajjn -cia{nd$ hyshysnd$ c'hiandiund.

|ybuy

lbnsba

ubgcbmba

|idbdy

enpisdy`ba

yauy`

giajmndbaj`ba

`baeyajba bns ebsn lbgpysba!

3!<

gi`ban|gi sib`|n i|uisnhn`b|n

pbeb |naui|n| iund b|iubu

22

 _sb`un`yg `ngnb fsjban` 

 I|uisnhn`b|n ² iund b|iubu  CBC

NNN

_IAYUY_


2! Iund b|iubu gisypb`ba |icybm i|uis ebsn bd`fmfd -iubafd. eiajba b|bg `bscf`|ndbu -b|bg b|iubu.! 3! Iund b|iubu bebdbm pidbsyu pfdbs giaiajbm ~baj xfdbund -gyebm giajybp.$ uneb` cisblya$ eba uneb` mnjsf|`fpn|!
23

 _sb`un`yg `ngnb fsjban` 

 I|uisnhn`b|n ² iund b|iubu  EBHUBS  _Y\UB@B

Bafang$ 2>>9$ Hbsgb`fpi Naefai|nb Ien|n `i NX $ Eipbsuigia @i|imbuba Sipycdn` Naefai|nb$ Kb`bsub! Bafang$ 3??8$ I|uis'Zn`npneib umi Hsii Ial~ldfpienb $ JAY Hsii Eflygiaubunfa Dnlia|i Ba|mfs~$ M! Nshba!3??<$  Blyba _idbkbsba @ngnb $ Isdbajjb$ Kb`bsub! Hi||iaeia$ Sbdpm K eba Kfba \ Hi||iaeia$ 2>=3! @ngnb Fsjban` $ Isdbajjb$ Kb`bsub! muup;&&zzz!lmigjyniei!lf!y`&fsjbanlpsfp|&i|uisgiay!mugd2

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 _sb`un`yg `ngnb fsjban`