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9#8# 9#8# Hplhwz Hplhwzhy hy { Fwzkyh Fwzkyhy# y# Fc lh }kjh yfhl low gvfypow oynèckgow co wf jfwplhqhc gobo oiafzow yânkjow, yânkjow, wkco xvf wvmyfc gkfyzo nyhjo jf jfmoybhgk÷ jfmoybhgk÷c c xvf }hyâh zhczo goc lh kczfcwkjhj jf lhw mvfyqhw fc avfno gobo goc lh plhwzkgkjhj jfl flfbfczo o fl jfwhyyollo jfl bo}kbkfczo# Ftkw Ftkwzf zfc c jow jow powk powkik iklklkjh jhjf jfww ftzy ftzyfb fbhw hw jf vch vch jfmo jfmoyb ybhg hgk÷c k÷c lkcf lkcfhl hl11 lh powkgk÷c hplhwzhjh { lh fwzkyhjh# fwzkyhjh# Lh pykbfyh pyo}ogh lh wfcwhgk÷c wfcwhgk÷c jf xvf fl gvfypo wvmyf vch nyhc pyfwk÷c { lh wfnvcjh lo bvfwzyh fc wv bètkbh ftzfcwk÷c# Vwhy fwzf pykcgkpko hjfgvhjhbfczf wfy}kyè phyh yfmoyqhy lh hggk÷c { }ol}fylh bèw gyfâilf# Hjfbèw h{vjh h gyfhy vch wfcwhgk÷c jf pfwo zhczo fc lh hckbhgk÷c jf gvfypow gobo jf oiafzow#
9#9# Hczkgkphgk÷c# Fwzf pykcgkpko wf vzklkqh goc fl mkc jf ghpzhy lh hzfcgk÷c jfl fwpfgzhjoy hczfw jfl gobkfcqo jf vch cvf}h hggk÷c# Fw vc bo}kbkfczo fwpfgâmkgo xvf hj}kfyzf xvf hlno wvwzhcgkhl fwzè poy ogvyyky# Jkgdo bo}kbkfczo pvfjf wfy hlno wvzkl, gobo vc ghbiko jf ftpyfwk÷c fc fl yowzyo, o vc bo}kbkfczo bèw gobplfao xvf kc}olvgyf zojo fl gvfypo# Pyègzkghbfczf ckcnñc bo}kbkfczo jf lh }kjh yfhl gobkfcqh wkc vch hczk hczkgk gkph phgk gk÷c ÷c## Poy Poy bâck bâckbh bh xvf xvf wfh wfh vch vch hggk hggk÷c ÷c,, wkfb wkfbpy pyf f kc}o kc}olv lvgy gyh h vc jfwplhqhbkfczo jfl gfczyo jf nyh}fjhj, poy lo xvf jfifyè hczkgkphywf vc bo}kbkfczo goc vc jfwihlhcgfo dhgkh fl lhjo opvfwzo jf lh hggk÷c h yfhlkqhy# Lh hczkgkphgk÷c, fczocgfw, jfifyâh jfahycow fc glhyo xvë fw lo xvf wf jkwpocf h dhgfy fl pfywochaf o fl oiafzo hckbhjo#
87
9#7# Pvfwzh fc fwgfch# Hxvâ wf dhgf yfmfyfcgkh h lh hgzvhgk÷c { g÷bo wf lh pyfwfczh fc lh phczhllh# Wf zyhzh jf bowzyhy jf lh moybh bèw gobplfzh, glhyh { goyyfgzh lo xvf wvgfjf fc lh phczhllh# Hl flhi flhioy oyhy hy lh pvfw pvfwzh zh wf bvfw bvfwzy zyh h vch vch hggk hggk÷c ÷c kbpo kbpoyz yzhc hczf zf poy poy }fq, }fq, vikghcjo lh gèbhyh h lh jkwzhcgkh { ècnvlo goyyfgzo jfl pfywochaf, phyh bowzyhy wkc jhy lvnhy h jvjhw lo xvf ëwzf dhgf# Hwâ zhbikëc, wf zfcjyè fc gvfczh xvf ghjh plhco, ghjh pvfwzh fwzhyè fc mvcgk÷c jf lh dkwzoykh, hnyfnhcjo cvf}h kcmoybhgk÷c { dhgkëcjolh h}hcqhy#
9#:# 9#:# Lh hc hckb kbhg hgk÷ k÷c# c# Ftkwzfc jow moybhw ièwkghw jf yfhlkqhy vch hckbhgk÷c1 dhgkh jflhczf { powf h powf# Hlnvcow hckbhjoyfw dhc gobikchjo hbihw moybhw jhcjo
oyknfc h vch zfygfyh, xvf fc fwzf zyhihao jfcobkchyfbow moybh bktzh#
9#:#h# Dhgkh jflhczf# Fl hckbhjoy gobkfcqh h jkivahy mozonyhbh zyhw mozonyhbh, bojkmkghcjo lh powf hczfykoy dhwzh gobplfzhy zojow low jkivaow jfl plhco# Jf fwzh moybh wf lonyh nyhc myfwgvyh { mlvkjfq, {h xvf h bfjkjh xvf wf zyhihah wf }hc kcgoypoyhcjo cvf}hw kjfhw h lh hckbhgk÷c xvf lh dhgfc bèw fwpoczècfh# Fwzh moybh jf hckbhy wf vwh gvhcjo dh{ hggkocfw goc gkfyzo nyhjo jf lkifyzhj fc wv kczfypyfzhgk÷c, gvhcjo wv zkbkcn co fw fwzykgzo, gvhcjo dh{ }hykhw hggkocfw wfgvcjhykhw woiyfpvfwzhw bkfczyhw fl pfywochaf wf bvf}f o gvhcjo wf xvkfyf lonyhy vc gocavczo jf nkyow, yfzoygkaocfw v ozyhw hggkocfw goypoyhlfw jkmâgklfw jf plhczfhy hckbhcjo powf h powf# Zhbikëc fw lh ñckgh moybh jf hckbhy hlnvcow fmfgzow gobo ftplowkocfw, whlpkghjvyhw o mvfno { lh ñckgh moybh jf hckbhy fc gkfyzhw zëgckghw gobo fl Wzop Bozkoc#
9#:#i# Powf h powf# Fl hckb hckbhj hjoy oy plhc plhckmkmkg kgh h lh hggk hggk÷c ÷c fwzk fwzkbh bhcj cjo o gvèc gvèczo zoww jkiv jkivao aoww woc woc cfgf cfgfwh whyko ykoww phyh phyh gobp gobplf lfzh zhyl ylh# h# H gocz goczkc kcvh vhgk gk÷c ÷c yfhl yfhlkq kqh h low low jkiv jkivao aoww xvf xvf 8:
gocwkjfyh bèw kbpoyzhczf phyh goczhy lh hggk÷c# Ëwzow woc low llhbhjow jkivaow glh}f o powfw# Lvfno zyhihah fc lh moybh jf zyhcwkgk÷c fczyf jow powfw { høhjf lhw llhbhjhw powkgkocfw jf phwo xvf gocwkjfyf cfgfwhyko# Poy ñlzkbo yflhgkoch zojow fwzow jkivaow fczyf wk bfjkhczf lh ghyzh jf fwphgkhjo, xvf kcjkgh lh ghczkjhj { jkwpowkgk÷c jf low jkivaow kczfybfjkow xvf wf jfifc hnyfnhy h fwzhw powfw phyh gobplfzhy lh fwgfch# Fl yfwzo jfl zyhihao xvfjh fc bhcow jfl hwkwzfczf, fl kczfybfjkhjoy { fl lkbpkhjoy# Fl gobplfz lfzh h { havw havwzh zh low jkiv jkivao aoww jfl jfl hckb hckbhj hjoy oy,, fl kczfybfjkhjoy hwkwzfczf gobp kczfyghlh low xvf mhlzhc { fl lkbpkhjoy low }vfl}f h zyhqhy fc vch cvf}h doah, vckmkghcjo fl fwzklo# Fwzh moybh jf hckbhy pfybkzf fwzhilfgfy vc goczyol bv{ pyfgkwo jf gvhlxvkfy bo}kbkfczo lonyhcjo mvfyqh { glhykjhj fc lhw hggkocfw hckbhjhw# Hjfbèw Hjfbèw,, pfybkz pfybkzf f xvf }hykhw }hykhw pfywoc pfywochw hw zyhiha zyhihafc fc wkbvlz wkbvlzècf ècfhbf hbfczf czf fc vc bkwbo plhco#
9#:#g# Moybh bktzh# Fwzh Fwzh zfyg zfygfy fyh h moyb moybh h jf hckb hckbhy hy gocw gocwkw kwzf zf fc lh gobi gobikc kchg hgk÷ k÷c c jf lhw lhw bfcgkochjhw hczfykoybfczf# Jf fwzf bojo wf lonyh hpyo}fgdhy lo bfaoy jf ghjh moybh, fw jfgky fl plhcfhbkfczo { fwzyvgzvyhgk÷c jf hckbhy powf h mlvkjfq fq { fwpo fwpocz czhc hcfk fkjh jhj j jf hckb hckbhy hy dhgkh jflhczf powf { lh mlvkj jflhczf# Wfnñc fl yfgocogkjo { pyfwzknkowo hckbhjoy Ykgdhyj ^kllkhbw $9008+ “fwzf bëzojo co zkfcf jfw}fczhahw# Fw vc ihlhcgf fczyf plhckmkghgk÷c { phwk÷c‒ #
9#6# Wolhphjo { hyyhwzyf# Fc lh }kjh yfhl lhw jkwzkczhw phyzfw jf vc gvfypo fc bo}kbkfczo co zfybkchc lh hggk÷c jf moybh wkbvlzècfh# Hlnvchw phyzfw wf jfwhgflfyhc dhwzh jfzfcfywf, bkfczyhw xvf ozyhw wf phwhc jf fwf pvczo, wf jfzkfcfc bèw hjflhczf { lvfno yfzyogfjfc dhwzh fcgoczyhy wv pvczo jf llfnhjh# Fwzf hwkcgyockwbo jfl bo}kbkfczo wf gocogf gobo Wolhphjo# Hwâ bkwbo, gvhcjo wf fbpkfqh lh hggk÷c jf vc pfywochaf v oiafzo, zhbpogo wf jfif bvf}f zojo fc fl pykbfy mozonyhbh# Wf zkfcf fc gvfczh jf xvë bhcfyh lh hggk÷c pykcgkphl wfyè pyfgfjkjh { wfnvkjh poy ozyhw, xvf wf
86
yflhgkochc o woc fl yfwvlzhjo jf lh pykcgkphl# Fl ivfc vwo jf low wolhphjow bfaoyhyè lh ghlkjhj jf lh hckbhgk÷c { lf ozoynhyè bèw }fyowkbklkzvj# Poy ozyo lhjo, gvhlxvkfy oiafzo co yânkjo wvafzo h vco yânkjo xvf wf bvf}h }h h pyojvgky vc nyhjo jf Hyyhwzyf xvf wfyè pyopoygkochl h wv mlftkiklkjhj# Poy fafbplo, vch ihcjfyh xvf wf hnkzh wvafzh h vc bèwzkl, pyojvgkyè vch zyh{fgzoykh gvy}h jfzfybkchjh poy lh powkgk÷c jfl bèwzkl fc fl kcwzhczf hczfykoy#
9#=# Hyyhcxvf { jfzfcgk÷c goc ghbiko jf }flogkjhj# Gvhlxvkfy oiafzo, hl pocfywf fc bo}kbkfczo o jfzfcfywf, ghbikhyè wv }flo }flogk gkjh jhj j fc wv zyh{f zyh{fgz gzo, o, hgfl hgflfy fyhc hcjo jo dhwz dhwzh h hlgh hlghcq cqhy hy vch vch }flo }flogk gkjh jhj j jfzfyb jfzfybkch kchjh jh o jfwhg jfwhgflf flfyhc yhcjo jo dhwzh dhwzh jfzfcf jfzfcfywf ywf## Lh }flogk }flogkjhj jhj mkchl mkchl o lh jfzfcgk÷c wf hlghcqhc fc moybh pyonyfwk}h#
9#># Hygow# Gvhlxvkfy bo}kbkfczo xvf yfhlkgf vc wfy }k}o jfwgykikyè hygow fc wv zyh{fgzoykh, hlnvcow wvh}fw { ozyow bèw gfyyhjow# Fw kbpowkilf lonyhy vch hckbhgk÷c xvf phyfqgh yfhl wk fwzè moybhjh poy vch wfykf jf bo}kbkfczow yfgzow, poy lo gvhl fw kbpyfwgkcjkilf vzklkqhy zyh{fgzoykhw gvy}klâcfhw xvf nfcfyfc vc bo}kbkfczo wvh}f { hybockowo#
9#4# Hggk÷c wfgvcjhykh# Nfcfyhlbfczf lh hggk÷c pykcgkphl jf vc pfywochaf wf pvfjf yfmoyqhy yfhlkqhcjo hlnvchw hggkocfw wfgvcjhykhw xvf lh gobplfbfczfc { pozfcgkfc# Fwzhw hggkocfw yfmvfyqhc lh pykcgkphl# Wk fczyhc fc gocmlkgzo, {h wfh poyxvf yfwvlzhc bèw kczfyfwhczfw o poyxvf lonyhc jobkchy lh hzfcgk÷c, yfpyfwfczhc vch bhlh flfggk÷c, o ikfc fwzèc wkfcjo bowzyhjhw jf bhcfyh kchpyopkhjh# Lo jkmâgkl fw lonyhy vch vckjhj fczyf lhw hggkocfw, xvf wk ikfc woc jkwzkczhw, jfifc yflhgkochywf# Lhw hggkocfw wfgvcjhykhw hnyfnhc ykxvfqh h lh fwgfch, chzvyhlkjhj h lh hggk÷c { dhgfc gyfgfy lh jkbfcwk÷c jfl pfywochaf# 8=
9#;# Zkbkcn# Wf yfmkfyf h lh ghczkjhj jf jkivaow vwhjow fc vc bo}kbkfczo# Fwzh ghczkjhj fw lh xvf jfzfybkchyè lh bh{oy o bfcoy ftzfcwk÷c zfbpoyhl jf lh hggk÷c fc lh phczhllh# Pfyo lo bèw kbpoyzhczf fw xvf jfmkckyè fl ghyègzfy jf jf vc pfywochaf# Fl zkbkcn jf wvw bo}kbkfczow fw fl xvf cow gobvckghyè wk wf fcgvfczyh ftgkzhjo, ghlbhjo, cfy}kowo o yflhahjo Phyh vc hckbhjoy, fwzhilfgfy fl zkbkcn jf vch hggk÷c fxvk}hlf h jfgkjky lh ghczkjhj jf kczfybfjkow xvf cfgfwkzhyè { g÷bo }hykhyè wv fwphgkhjo# Fwzo jfpfcjfyè jf wk jfif yfpyfwfczhy vch hggk÷c lfczh o yèpkjh#
9#80# Fthnfyhgk÷c# Goc fl mkc jf yfpyfwfczhy vch hggk÷c jf moybh bèw goc}kcgfczf { fwzhilfgfy vch gobvckghgk÷c bèw gocgkwh { goczvcjfczf goc fl fwpfgzhjoy wf wvflf fthnfyhy lh yfhlkjhj# Poy fafbplo1 wk vc pfywochaf zkfcf xvf }fywf mflkq mflkq wf lo yfpy yfpyfw fwfc fczh zh bv{ bv{ mflkq mflkq,, wk zkfc zkfcf f xvf xvf }fyw }fywf f pyfo pyfogv gvph phjo jo wf lo yfpyfwfczh bv{ pyfogvphjo# Lh fthnfyhgk÷c, yfwpfzhcjo gkfyzhw phvzhw, fcykxvfgf lh hckbhgk÷c#
9#88# Jkivaow w÷lkjow# Phyh hckbhy wf cfgfwkzh zfcfy vch bv{ ivfch zëgckgh# Gvhczo bfaoy jkiv jkivaf af bèw bèw mègk mègkll lf yfwv yfwvlzlzhy hyè è hckb hckbhy hy## Low Low pfyw pfywoc ocha hafw fw zkfc zkfcfc fc pfwo pfwo,, pyomvcjkjhj { ihlhcgf, poy lo zhczo dhc jf zfcfy vc }olvbfc gocwzhczf, pfyo h lh }fq wfy mlftkilfw, zfcfy mkybfqh wkc phyfgfy yânkjow# Vc pfywochaf ikfc jkwføhjo fw fl xvf wf pvfjf jkivahy fc zojhw lhw powkgkocfw xvf wf kbhnkcf { jfwjf gvhlxvkfy ècnvlo#
9#89# Pfywochlkjhj o fcghczo# Fl fwpfgzhjoy jkwmyvzh bkyhcjo hlno xvf lo hzyhf, {h wf zyhzf jf vch ftpyf ftpyfwk wk÷c ÷c,, vc pfyw pfywoc ocha haf, f, vc bo}k bo}kbkf bkfcz czo o o vch vch wkzv wkzvhg hgk÷ k÷c# c# Poy Poy fwzo fwzo fw cfgfwhyko jozhy h cvfwzyhw fwgfchw jf pfywochlkjhj o fcghczo#
8>
Jfczyo jf lh gobpowkgk÷c jfl fcgvhjyf wf kczfczh xvf fl fwpfgzhjoy bhczfcnh wv kczfyëw fc lh mknvyh jf bèw pfywochlkjhj o fcghczo bkfczyhw jkwmyvzh lo xvf }f# Fc lh hckbhgk÷c fw pyfmfykilf zyhcwbkzky wfczkbkfczow vwhcjo lh hgzvhgk÷c { lh fwzyvgzvyh jf lh dkwzoykh fc }fq jf gobplkghywf goc jkivaow yfmkchjow xvf pvfjhc bhlkczfypyfzhywf { gyfhy gocmvwk÷c#
84
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8# HCKBHGK×C ZYHJKGKOCHL 9J# Lh hckbhgk÷c zyhjkgkochl 9J mvf lh vzklkqhjh jvyhczf lh bh{oy phyzf jfl Wknlo TT { gocwkwzf fc lh mklbhgk÷c jf wfgvfcgkhw jf jkivaow yfhlkqhjow h bhco# Phyh lonyhy lh klvwk÷c jf bo}kbkfczo ghjh jkivao zkfcf vch jkmfyfcgkh goc fl hczfykoy { hl wfy pyo{fgzhjow phyfgfc bowzyhy vc bo}kbkfczo goczkcvo# Fl hckbhjoy zyhjkgkochl jfwhyyollh zojo wv zyhihao woiyf vc zhilfyo xvf powff vc jkwgo jf hckbhgk÷c { vch lvq poy jfihao# Yfhlkqh fl pykbfy jkivao jf lh hggk÷c woiyf vc phpfl { zyhihah fl wfnvcjo gologhcjo vc cvf}o phpfl fcgkbh, fc pfymfgzo yfnkwzyo goc fl hczfykoy nyhgkhw h low pk}ozfw jfl jkwgo# Lh lvq poy jfihao bhczkfcf vch yfmfyfcgkh }kwvhl goc fl jkivao hczfykoy { pfybkzf pyogfjfy goyyfgzhbfczf goc fl wknvkfczf# Hwâ wf zyhihah goc fwioqow bv{ wvfl wvflzo zoww zojh zojh lh hggk hggk÷c ÷c xvf xvf gocz goczfc fcnh nh fl plhc plhco, o, zyhz zyhzhc hcjo jo jf gfcz gfczyh yhyw ywf f fc zyhcwbkzky, bfjkhczf bo}kbkfczo, lh fwfcgkh { fl wfczkjo jf lh hggk÷c# Vch }fq dfgdo fwzo wf ivwgh fl fwxvflfzo jfl pfywochaf, wv fwzyvgzvyh { wv }olvbfc, jfmkckfcjo jfmkckfcjo lhw pvczhw
9
glh} glh}fw fw## Lvfn Lvfno o wf phwh phwh h kcgl kcglvk vkyy low low jfzh jfzhllllfw fw jfl jfl
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Fc lh hgzvhlkjhj, fl fwgècfy { low womz~hyfw dhc wvwzkzvkjo fl pkczhjo fc hgfzhzow { lh zyvgh poy gobplfzo, {h xvf goc fllow wf pvfjf yfhlkqhy fl bkwbo zyhihao jf vch bhcfyh bvgdo bèw fmfgzk}h { fc bfcow zkfbpo# Ftkwzfc pyonyhbhw jf gobpvzhjoyh xvf ihwhc wv mvcgkochbkfczo fc lhw }kfahw zyvghw5 woc bv{ kczvkzk}ow { yfgyfhc goc nyhc mhgklkjhj low bkwbow fmfgzow fc 9J xvf wf
9
Pvczh1 jkivao xvf yfhlkqh fl hckbhjoy fc fl xvf jfzfybkch lh powf { ftpyfwk÷c jfl pfywochaf# Zyvgekcn kc1 hgfyghbkfczo jf gèbhyh# : Zyvgekcn ovz1 hlfahbkfczo jf gèbhyh# 7
90
gocwfnvâhc goc lh zyvgh goc}fcgkochl, pfybkzkfcjo zhbikëc yfhlkqhy fmfgzow bvlzkplhcow jf vc bojo bv{ wfcgkllo# Fc Zdf Pykcgfww hcj zdf myon $Lh Pykcgfwh { fl whpo+, lhynobfzyhaf goc fl xvf Jkwcf{ }vfl}f hl bvcjo jfl 9J lvfno jf vc ftkzowo yfgoyykjo poy lh hckbhgk÷c 7J, wf pvfjf hpyfgkhy gobo lhw cvf}hw zfgcolonâhw kczfy}kfcfc fc lh dkwzoy dkwzoykh kh pfybkz pfybkzkfc kfcjo jo lh yfhlkq yfhlkqhgk hgk÷c ÷c jf fmfgzo fmfgzoww fwpfgk fwpfgkhlf hlfww { bo}kbk bo}kbkfcz fczo o jf gèbhyh jf nyhc gobplfakjhj#
9# YOZOWGOPKO# Fl yozowgopko fw vc bfghckwbo phzfczhjo poy low dfybhcow Mlfkwdfy xvf pyo{fgzh fc pfymfgzo yfnkwzyo ghjh gvhjyo jf vch mklbhgk÷c fc }k}o, woiyf vch bfwh jf hckbhgk÷c# Jf fwzh moybh, woiyf fl zhilfyo wf vikghc doahw jf phpfl fc ilhcgo "yfnkwzyhjhw fc low pfycow" jocjf, zhczo wf pvfjfc yfhlkqhy iogfzow jf lh hggk÷c, gobo ghlghy gvkjhjowhbfczf lhw mknvyhw phyh fwzhilfgfy vch bfzkgvlowh hckbhgk÷c# H }fgfw fw cfgfwhyko ghlghy zojow low gvhjyow, fc ozyhw gkygvcwzhcgkhw pvfjf wfy w÷lo vco ghjh zhczo, zhbikëc pvfjf wvgfjfy xvf wf jfih ghlghy zojo fl goczfckjo jfl gvhjyo o w÷lo vch phyzf, fwzhw }hykhilfw jfpfcjfyèc jfl zkpo jf hckbhgk÷c xvf wf xvkfyh lonyhy# Fbplfhcjo goyyfgzhbfczf fwzh zëgckgh pojfbow gobikchy }k}o { hckbhjo, dhgkëcjolow goftkwzky fc lh phczhllh# Phyh lonyhy fwzo, wf yfnkwzyh pykbfyo lh hggk÷c fc }k}o, zfckfcjo lh pyfghvgk÷c jf jfahy vc fwphgko fc fl gvhjyo jocjf wf hnyf nyfnhyè nhyè lvfn lvfno o lh hckbh ckbhggk÷c# k÷c# Hczfw czfw jf mklb mklbhy hy fl }k}o }k}o wf plhc plhcf fh gvkjhj gvkjhjowh owhbfc bfczf zf lh kczfyh kczfyhggk ggk÷c ÷c xvf jfwhyy jfwhyyollh ollhyèc yèc hbiow# hbiow# Fw mvcjhb mvcjhbfcz fczhl hl fwzhilfgfy fl goczhgzo fc lhw bkyhjhw { wv jkyfggk÷c goyyfgzh, gvkjhcjo hjfbèw xvf fl zkbkcn jf lhw hggkocfw yfhlkqhjhw poy fl hgzoy yfhl fc lh mklbhgk÷c jfl }k}o wf goyyfwpocjh goc fl pyf}kwzo phyh lh hckbhgk÷c# 98
Flfnkjh vch jf lhw zobhw jfl }k}o, wf yfhlkqh vc ghlgo h bhco jf lh hggk÷c fc doahw yfnkwzyhjhw# Jf fwzh bhcfyh wf gocwknvf lh kczfyhggk÷c, hl gobikchy bèw hjflhczf lh hckbhgk÷c goc lhw hggkocfw pyf}khbfczf mklbhjhw jfl }k}o# Lh hckbhgk÷c wf kcglvkyè fc fl fwphgko xvf mvf yfwfy}hjo fc lh gobpowkgk÷c h zhl fmfgzo { wf zfcjyè fwpfgkhl gvkjhjo fc xvf fl bo}kbkfczo pyopvfwzo poy fllh wf hjfgvf hl jfl }k}o# Low lhynobfzyhafw Wco~dkzdf hcj zdf wf}fc j~hymw $Ilhcghckf}fw { low wkfzf fchckzow+ jf Jkwcf{ { ^do myhbfj Yonfy Yhiikz $¿Xvkëc fcnhøo h Yonfy Yhiikz?+, jkyknkjh poy Yoifyz Qfbfgekw { Ykgdhyj ^kllkhbw, woc jow fafbplow jf
lh vzklkqhgk÷c jfl yozowgopko# Fc fl pykbfy ghwo wf fbplf÷ phyh yfhlkqhy low bo}kbkfczow jf Ilhcghckf}fw, xvf phyfgfc zhc yfhlfw { jflkghjow { fc fl wfnvcjo ghwo phyh gobikchy lh hggk÷c mklbhjh fc }k}o goc low pfywochafw xvf wf hckbhyâhc powzfykoybfczf jf moybh zyhjkgkochl#
7# WZOP BOZKOC# Fc fwzh zëgckgh jf hckbhgk÷c wf bhckpvlhc oiafzow zykjkbfcwkochlfw, xvf woc mozonyhmkhjow fc lh pflâgvlh bfjkhczf lh ftpowkgk÷c, mozonyhbh h mozonyhbh# Jf fwzh bhcfyh, hl pyo{fgzhy fwh wfykf jf powkgkocfw xvkfzhw, wf gocwknvf lh klvwk÷c jf bo}kbkfczo# Wv cobiyf jfyk}h jfl dfgdo jf xvf lh pflâgvlh fwzhyâh gocmoybhjh poy kbènfcfw xvf yfpyfwfczhc “bo}kbkfczow jfzfckjow‒# Lh bhcfyh jf hioyjhy lh pyojvggk÷c yfwvlzh bv{ jkmfyfczf h lh jfl jkivao hckbhjo zyhjkgkochl, {h xvf ghjh zobh yfxvkfyf vch bfzkgvlowh plhckmkghgk÷c pyf}kh# Fc fl jkivao hckbhjo, wf pvfjf kcgoypoyhy gvhlxvkfy flfbfczo, goc fl ñckgo yfxvkwkzo jf xvf wfh powkilf jkivahylo5 pfyo fc lh hckbhgk÷c goc bojflow dh{ lâbkzfw yfhlfw, kbpvfwzow poy fl zhbhøo, lh gobplfakjhj, lh fwghlh o low yfxvfykbkfczow gocwzyvgzk}ow jfl jfgoyhjo o jf low pfywochafw# 99
Vch goyyfgzh hckbhgk÷c fc Wzop Bozkoc klvbkchgk hgk÷c ÷c fbozk} fbozk}h, h, Bozkoc, goc vch klvbkc bo}kbkfczow jf gèbhyh ftpyfwk}ow { vch hjfgvhjh hcnvlhgk÷c jf plhcow, fwzhyè fc gocjkgkocfw jf f}oghy lhw bkwbhw fbogkocfw xvf fl gkcf fc }k}o { pvfjf pvfjf yfwvlz yfwvlzhy hy hvc hvc bèw fmfgzk fmfgzk}h }h xvf vch ivfch ivfch hckbh hckbhgk÷ gk÷c c zyhjkg zyhjkgkoc kochl hl jf jkivaow# Fc lh hgzvhlkjhj, pfcwhy fc fbplfhy lh zëgckgh jfl Wzop Bozkoc fw pyopocfy vc bojo jf hckbhy xvf gocwvbf bvgdo zkfbpo { jfbhcjh fcoybfw fwmvfyqow hyzâwzkgow, zëgckgow { fbogkochlfw# Wkc fbihyno, hl kcgoypoyhy lh zëgckgh zëgckgh jknkzhl { hpyo}fgdhy lo bfaoy jf ghjh vch fw powkilf gobikchy jow pojfyowow yfgvywow phyh phyh lh yfhl yfhlkq kqhg hgk÷ k÷c c jf pflâg pflâgvl vlhw hw## Lh zëgc zëgckg kgh h jfl jfl Wzop pfybkzf Wzop Bozko Bozkoc c cow pfybkzf kcgoypoyhy fmfgzow jf klvbkchgk÷c, mâwkgow { jf gèbhyh jvyhczf fl yojhaf, h lo xvf wf lf hnyfnh lh powkiklkjhj jf bojkmkghy lh kbhnfc jknkzhlbfczf fc lh powpyojvggk÷c# Poy ozyo lhjo, low h}hcgfw fc mozonyhmâh jknkzhl dhc flkbkchjo lh cfgfwkjhj cfgfwkjhj jf yf}flhy yf}flhy cfnhzk}ow cfnhzk}ow { pfybkzfc, pfybkzfc, bfjkhczf bfjkhczf womz~hyf womz~hyf fwpfgâmkg fwpfgâmkgow, ow, pyf}kwvhlkqhy kcbfjkhzhbfczf lhw mozonyhmâhw { lhw hckbhgkocfw, hdoyyhcjo vch fcoybf ghczkjhj jf zkfbpo# Jow jf low ñlzkbow lhynobfzyhafw xvf vzklkqhc fwzh zëgckgh, llf}hjh h wv bètkbo nyhjo jf pfymfggk÷c { zfgcolonâh, woc Zkb Ivyzocºw Goypwf Iykjf $Fl ghjè}fy jf lh co}kh+ jfl jkyfgzoy Zkb Ivyzoc { Goyhlkcf jfl jkyfgzoy Dfcy{ Wflkge#
:# PKTKLHZKOC# Fwzh zëgckgh mvf kc}fczhjh poy fl hckbhjoy ftpfykbfczhl Coybhc Bg Lhyfc# Wv cobiyf yfwvlzh jf lh gobikchgk÷c jf lhw phlhiyhw “ pktk ‒ { “zkzkllhzkoc‒# Fc fllh wf hckbh h pfywochw yfhlfw, {h wfh powkgkocècjolhw { mozonyhmkècjolhw gvhjyo poy poy gvhjyo hjyo o hlzfy lzfyhc hcj jo lh }flog flogkj kjhj hj jf yfnk yfnkwz wzyo yo { jf hgzv hgzvhg hgk÷ k÷c c phyh hyh 97
yfgobpocfylh bèw zhyjf hl pyo{fgzhylh, fc vc bo}kbkfczo zozhlbfczf kbpowkilf# Wv fbplfo lf ozoynh h lh hckbhgk÷c yfwvlzhczf vch gvhlkjhj bv{ fwpfgkhl# Coybhc Bg Lhyfc vzklkqh fwzh zëgckgh fc wv goyzobfzyhaf bèw mhbowo, $]fgkcow+ ow+,, xvf nhc÷ nhc÷ kccvbf kccvbfyhi yhilfw lfw pyfbko pyfbkoww fc zojo zojo fl bvcjo bvcjo Cfkndiovyw $]fgkc kcglvkjow fl Ghchjkhc Mklb H~hyj { fl Hghjfb{ H~hyj# Yfgkfczfbfczf pojfbow }fy fl vwo jf Pktklhzkoc fc fl }kjfo glkp jf lh ghcgk÷c Wzyh~ifyy{ W~kcn jfl nyvpo bvwkghl Goljplh{ #
6# HCKBHGK×C 7J# Lh hckb hckbhg hgk÷ k÷c c 7J fw lony lonyhj hjh h bfjk bfjkhc hczf zf lh h{vj h{vjh h jf gobp gobpvz vzhj hjoy oyhw hw { pyonyhbhw fwpfgkhlfw jf gyfhgk÷c jf nyèmkgow fc zfygfyh jkbfcwk÷c# Fwzf zkpo jf nyèmkgow wf oyknkchc bfjkhczf vc pyogfwo jf gèlgvlow bhzfbèzkgow woiyf fczkjhjfw nfobëzykghw zykjkbfcwkochlfw pyojvgkjhw fc vch gobpvzhjoyh { gv{o pyop÷wkzo fw gocwfnvky vch pyo{fggk÷c }kwvhl fc jow jkbfcwkocfw phyh wfy bowzyhjh fc vch phczhllh o kbpyfwh k bpyfwh fc phpfl# Fl pyogfwo jf gyfhgk÷c jf nyèmkgow fc 7J gobpyfcjf vch wfykf jf mhwfw xvf wf jfzhllhc h goczkcvhgk÷c#
6#8# Bojflhjo# Gocwkwzf fc ky jhcjo moybh h oiafzow kcjk}kjvhlfw xvf lvfno wfyèc vwhjow fc lh fwgfch, fwzo kcglv{f vzklfyâh, pfywochafw { fwgfchykow#
9:
6#9# Zftzvykqhjo# Vch }fq nfcfyhjo fl bojflo phwh h lh fzhph jf zftzvykqhjo# Wf hnyfnh lh pkfl, goloyfw { zftzvyhw# Fwzf pyogfwo fw gocogkjo gobo Wdhjkcn { wf yfhlkqh bfjkhczf pyonyhbhw xvf pfybkzfc yfhlkqhy gobplfahw }hykhgkocfw fc low goloyfw { zftzvyhw nfcfyhcjo jk}fywow zkpow jf bhzfykhlfw#
6#7# Klvbkchgk÷c# Wf hnyfnhc lvgfw h lh fwgfch gobo wk mvfyh vc fwgfchyko yfhl# Lhw lvgfw pvfjfc wfy jf jk}fywow zkpow1 pvczvhlfw, jkyfggkochlfw fc èyfh o }olvbfc, goc jkwzkczo goloy o pyopkfjhjfw#
6#:# Hckbhgk÷c# Low oiafzow wf pvfjfc hckbhy fc gvhczo h1 "
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6#6# Yfcjfykqhjo# Wf llhbh yfcjfy hl pyogfwo mkchl jf zyhwlhjhy zojh lh kcmoybhgk÷c xvf goczkfcfc low hygdk}ow, fwgfchykow, goloyfw, bo}kbkfczow jf pfywochafw { gèbhyh { fmfgzow, h vch kbhnfc 9J o h vc }kjfo# Ftkw Ftkwzf zfc c jkmf jkmfyf yfcz czfw fw bëzo bëzojo joww jf yfcj yfcjfy fykq kqhg hgk÷ k÷c# c# ]hc ]hc jfwj jfwjf f lhw lhw bèw bèw wfcgkllhw gobo fl yfcjfy jf hlhbiyf, phwhcjo poy fl yfcjfy ihwhjo fc polânocow, dhwzh lhw zëgckghw bèw bojfychw gobo fl wghclkcf yfcjfykcn , fl yh{zyhgkcn { fl bhpfhjo jf mozocfw#
96
Fl womz~hyf jf yfcjfy pvfjf wkbvlhy fmfgzow gkcfbhzonyèmkgow gobo fl ghbpo , o fl bozkoc ilvy # Wf dhc jfwhyyollhjo lfcw mlhyf, lh pyomvcjkjhj jf ghbpo, zëgckghw goc fl pyop÷wkzo jf wkbvlhy ozyow fmfgzow jf oyknfc chzvyhl, gobo lh kczfyhggk÷c jf lh lvq goc lh hzb÷wmfyh o fl dvbo# Fafbplow jf fwzhw zëgckghw kcglv{fc low wkwzfbhw jf phyzâgvlhw xvf pvfjfc wkbvlhy llv}kh, dvbo o mvfno, fl bvfwzyfo bvfwzyfo }olvbëzykgo }olvbëzykgo phyh phyh wkbv wkbvlh lhyy ckfi ckfilh lh,, pol} pol}o o { ozyo ozyoww fmfg fmfgzo zoww hzbowmëykgow, { lhw gèvwzkghw phyh wkbvlhy fl fmfgzo jf lh lvq hl hzyh}fwhy wvpfymkgkfw yfmyhgzhczfw# Fl pyogfwo jf yfcjfy cfgfwkzh vch nyhc ghphgkjhj jf gèlgvlo, pvfw yfxvkfyf wkbvlhy nyhc ghczkjhj jf pyogfwow mâwkgow gobplfaow# Lh ghphgkjhj jf gèlg gèlgvl vlo o wf dh kcgy kcgyfb fbfc fczh zhjo jo yèpk yèpkjh jhbf bfcz czf f h zyh} zyh}ëw ëw jf low low høow høow,, pfybkzkfcjo vc nyhjo wvpfykoy jf yfhlkwbo fc low yfcjfyw#
=# NYÈMKGOW ]FGZOYKHLFW# Ftkwzfc pyonyhbhw kcmoybèzkgow xvf pfybkzfc dhgfy hckbhgk÷c goc jkivaow yfhlkqhjow jknkzhlbfczf# Fwzow jkivaow woc nfcfyhjow bfjkhczf lâcfhw { cojow $}fgzoyfw+ pyopkow jfl pyonyhbh, lo xvf pfybkzf wv bhckpvlhgk÷c wkc pëyjkjh jf ghlkjhj, gowh xvf wvflf ogvyyky goc jkivaow fwghcfhjow# Lh phyzkgvlhykjhj jf fwzow pyonyhbhw fw xvf ghlgvlhc hvzobèzkghbfczf lhw zyhcwmoybhgkocfw xvf wvmyf fl jkivao jf vch powf h ozyh# Fwzf pyogfwo wf gocogf gobo kczfypolhgk÷c# Fwzh Fwzh zëgc zëgckg kgh h jf hckbh hckbhgk gk÷c ÷c,, hl hdoy hdoyyh yhyy zkfb zkfbpo po fc jkiv jkivah ahyy woiy woiyf f phpf phpfl,l, kczfybfjkhy { fwghcfhy fw nfcfyhlbfczf vzklkqhjh phyh lh yfhlkqhgk÷c jf wfykfw jf zflf}kwk÷c xvf yfxvkfyfc vch pyojvggk÷c yèpkjh#
9=
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9>
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8# FC IVWGH JF LH KLVWK×C JF BO]KBKFCZO# Jfwjf wvw gobkfcqow, fl wfy dvbhco dh zfckjo lh kcxvkfzvj jf gyfhy lh klvwk÷c jf bo}kbkfczo fc wvw ftpyfwkocfw hyzâwzkghw# Fl dobiyf jfl phlfolâzkgo wvpfykoy pkcz÷ jk}fywhw fwgfchw fc lhw phyfjfw jf lhw gh}fychw xvf lf wfy}âhc jf yfmvnko# Fc lh i÷}fjh jf lh Gvf}h jf Hlzhbkyh $Fwphøh+ wf fcgoczy÷, fczyf ozyhw pkczvyhw yvpfwzyfw, lh kbhnfc jf vc ahihlâ goc gvhzyo phyfw jf phzhw# Fwzh mknvyh, yfhlkqhjh dhgf bèw jf 76#000 høow, wvnkfyf lh kjfh jf bo}kbkfczo bfjkhczf vc jkivao fwzèzkgo# Poy wv phyzf, low fnkpgkow { nykf nykfno noww goyyo goyyoio ioyh yhc c fwzh fwzh zfcj zfcjfc fcgk gkh h hl yfpy yfpyfw fwfc fczh zhyy jkwz jkwzkc kczh zhww fzhp fzhphw hw jf vc bo}kbkfczo fc bvgdhw jf wvw oiyhw# H goczkcvhgk÷c wf ftpocf vch gyocolonâh jf lh dkwzoykh jf lh hckbhgk÷c, dhgkfcjo dkcghpkë fc lhw kcco}hgkocfw { h}hcgfw zfgcol÷nkgow xvf bhyghyoc wv jfwhyyollo, gobo hwâ zhbikëc, jfwzhghcjo hlnvchw jf lhw pyojvggkocfw bèw wknckmkghzk}hw jfl nëcfyo#
8#8# Vc dfgdo hkwlhjo1 Lh lkczfych bènkgh# Fc 8=:0 fl hlfbèc Hczdochwkvw Ekygdfy kc}fczh lh Lkczfych Bènkgh, xvf fw gocwkjfyhjh fl pykbfy hphyhzo goc xvf wf pyo{fgzhyoc jkivaow fc bo}kbkfczo woiyf vch phczhllh# Gocwkwzâh fc vch gèbhyh owgvyh goc vc avfno jf lfczfw { vc wopoyzf goyyfjkqo fc fl xvf wf gologhihc plhghw jf }kjyko goc mknvyhw pkczhjhw# Fwzhw kbènfcfw wf klvbkchihc goc vch lèbphyh jf hgfkzf { wf pyo{fgzhihc fc vch phczhllh, bkfczyhw fl dvbo whlâh hl ftzfykoy poy vch gdkbfcfh# Lhw plhghw jf }kjyko fyhc bhckpvlhjhw jf moybh bfgèckgh, jozhcjo jf bo}kbkfczo h low pfywochafw fc fllhw pkczhjow# Lvfno jf lh lkczfych bènkgh, phwhyoc ghwk 900 høow phyh xvf cvf}ow jfwgviykbkfczow yfhcvjfc lh kc}fwzknhgk÷c { ftpfykbfczhgk÷c fc lh hckbhgk÷c#
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9;
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78
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Fc lh hgzvhlkjhj fl jfwhyyollo hjxvkykjo poy lh zfgcolonâh dh bojkmkghjo lhw moybhw zyhjkgkochlfw jf dhgfy hckbhgk÷c# Iykcjècjolf hl hckbhjoy co}fjowhw powkiklkjhjfw gobo lh jf jfwhyyollhy wv hgzk}kjhj h ck}fl phyzkgvlhy o phyh, fc vc mvzvyo, moybhy phyzf jf vch pyojvggk÷c gobfygkhl, vzklkqhcjo jkyfgzhbfczf wv gobpvzhjoyh# Flkbkchcjo lh cfgfwkjhj jf phwhy poy lhioyhzoykow { omyfgkëcjolf vch bhcfyh pyègzkghbfczf kcwzhczècfh jf hpyfgkhy low yfwvlzhjow jf wv zyhihao# Poy ozyo lhjo, lh kcmoybèzkgh co wolo dh bojkmkghjo lhw moybhw jf dhgfy hckb hckbhg hgk÷ k÷c c wkco wkco xvf xvf dh nfcf nfcfyh yhjo jo zëgc zëgckg kghw hw xvf xvf lf woc woc pyop pyopkh khw, w, gobo gobo lh hckbhgk÷c fc 7J { lh hckbhgk÷c jf nyèmkgow }fgzoykhlfw# Hl bkwbo zkfbpo dh pfybkzkjo lh gobikchgk÷c jf jk}fywhw zëgckghw mh}oyfgkfcjo fl jfwhyyollo jf cvf}hw fwzëzkghw { fwzklow# Gocwkjfyhcjo fwzf hwpfgzo zfgcol÷nkgo jfl bfjko, lhw ftpfgzhzk}hw hgzvhlfw phyh fl yfhlkqhjoy jf hckbhgk÷c wf dhc ftphcjkjo jf zhl moybh xvf lo dhgfc phyfgfy phyfgfy vc gobpowkzoy gobpowkzoy jflhczf jflhczf jf vch nyhc oyxvfwzh oyxvfwzh jf kcwzyvbfczow kcwzyvbfczow xvf }hc fc gocwzhczf hvbfczo#
:0
Fl nëcfyo fwzè ftpfykbfczhcjo vc yfchgkbkfczo fc lhw whlhw jf gkcf { low avfnow jf gobpvzhjoyh lf omyfgfc vch kczfyfwhczf mvfczf jf powkiklkjhjfw hl knvhl xvf lhw cvf}hw zfgcolonâhw bvlzkbfjkh f Kczfycfz# Lh hckbhgk÷c fw vc ftgflfczf bfjko phyh bowzyhy g÷bo woc lhw gowhw { xvë xvë wknc wknckmk kmkgh ghc, c, pfyb pfybkzk kzkëc ëcjo joco coww ftpy ftpyfw fwhy hy gocg gocgfp fpzo zoww hiwz hiwzyh yhgz gzow ow,, yfhl yfhlkq kqhy hy gobphyhgkocfw o gyfhy hchlonâhw nyèmkghw# Fw vc kcwzyvbfczo kcjkwpfcwhilf jfczyo jf gvhlxvkfy èyfh, {h xvf pvfjf pyojvgky jfwjf kbènfcfw gkfczâmkghw ftzyfbhjhbfczf fthgzhw dhwzh }kwkocfw goc }kjh pyopkh, zozhlbfczf mhczèwzkghw#
:8
IKILKONYHMÂH "
Gègfyfw, Nfybèc# Fczyf jkivaow, bhykocfzhw { pktflw# 8¡ fj# Ivfcow Hkyfw1 Lh Gyvaâh# 900:#
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Nhygâh, Yhñl# Lh bhnkh jfl jkivao hckbhjo# Bhjykj1 Bhyko H{vwo5 8;;6#
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Zh{loy, Ykgdhyj# Fcgkglopfjkh jf zëgckghw jf hckbhgk÷c# 9¡ fj# Ivfcow Ivfcow Hkyfw1 Lh Kwlh5 9000#
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Hhyjbhc# ~~~#hhyjbhc#gob
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Jkwcf{# ~~~#jkwcf{#gob
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Jyfhb^oyew# ~~~#jyfhb~oyewhckbhzkoc#gob
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:9
HCFTOW#
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HCFTO 08#
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:6
Âcjkgf fwxvfbèzkgo Py÷lono Kczyojvggk÷c Ghpâzvlo K1 Woiyf lh hckbhgk÷c Ghpâzvlo KK1 Zëgckghw jf hckbhgk÷c Ghpâzvlo KKK1 Gyocolonâh jf lh hckbhgk÷c Gocglvwkocfw Ikilkonyhmâh Hcftow
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9 bfwfw
Mfiyfyo { Bhyqo jf 9080
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8 bfw
Hiykl jf 9080
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60
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68
69
67
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66
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64
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