Contents PAGE 02
Translation Booklet 2
PAGE 18
Vocabulary Booklet 2
PAGE 46
Presentations and Public Speaking
PAGE 63
Cloverdale’s Cloverda le’s Characters Character s
PAGE 68
Sudoku Inglés
PAGE 73
Most Common Irregular Verbs
PAGE 74
Pronunciation of Common Regular Verbs
PAGE 75
Common Errors by Spanish Speakers
Translation Booklet
2
Vaughan
LIST 1 - There + to be
S Y S T E M S
1.
Hay un problema con el sistema nuevo.
There’ss a problem with the new system. There’
2.
Hay varios asuntos que atender.
There are several matters to take care of.
3.
Había mucha gente aquí cuando llegué.
There were a lot of people here when I arrived.
4.
Hubo una explosión en la fábrica anoche. a noche.
There was an explosion in the factory last night.
5.
Había varios faxes aquí esta mañana.
There were several faxes here this morning.
6.
Habrá una fiesta esta noche si no llueve.
There will be a party tonight if it doesn’t rain.
7.
Va a haber una reunión esta tarde.
There’ss going to be a meeting this afternoon. There’
8.
Va a haber muchos problemas con esto.
There are going to be a lot of problems with this.
9.
Ha habido un malentendido.
There’ss been a misunderstanding. There’
10.
Ha habido varios casos.
There have been several cases.
11.
Habría menos casos si hubiera una vacuna.
There would be fewer cases if there were a vaccine.
12.
Debe de haber una solución.
There must be a solution.
13.
Tiene que haber una forma de resolverlo.
There has to be a way to solve it.
14.
Tiene que haber al menos tres.
There have to be at least three.
15.
Debería haber más sillas.
There should be more chairs.
16.
Podría haber más de lo que piensas.
There could be more than you think.
17.
Me dijeron el otro día que había habido problemas con el sistema nuevo.
They told me the other day that there had been problems with the new system.
18.
Siempre ha habido problemas con el sistema.
There have always been problems with the system.
19.
No parece haber una solución.
There doesn’t seem to be a solution.
20.
Habría habido más problemas si no hubiéramos visto el error a tiempo.
There would’ve been more problems if we hadn’t seen the mistake in time.
21.
Antes había mucha gente aquí.
There used to be a lot of people here.
22.
No hay tantos como antes había.
There aren’t as many as there used to be. be .
23.
No tiene que haber una solución necesariamente.
There doesn’t necessarily have to be a solution.
24.
No puede haber tanta gente
There can’t be that many people. (So many)
25.
Puede que haya una solución.
There may be a solution.
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PAGE 3
LIST 2 - Direct & indirect imperatives
Vaughan
1.
Que lo haga así.
Have her do it this way.
2.
Quieren que lo hagas así.
They want you to do it this way.
3.
Yo quisiera que lo hicieras así.
I’d like you to do it this way.
4.
Te dije que lo hicieras así.
I told you to do it this way.
5.
No lo hagas por favor.
Don’t do it please.
6.
Diles que no me molesten.
Tell them not to bother me.
7.
Te dije que les dijeras que no me molestaran.
I told you to tell them not to bother me.
8.
No le molestéis.
Don’t bother him.
9.
No quiero que le molestéis.
I don’t want you to bother him.
10.
¿Os importaría no molestarle?
Would you mind not bothering him?
11.
Pídeles que no me molesten.
Ask them not to bother me.
12.
Ya les he dicho que no te molesten.
I’ve already told them not to bother you.
13.
Enséñamelo.
Show it to me.
14.
No me lo enseñes.
Don’t show it to me.
15.
Dile que me lo enseñe.
Tell him to show it to me.
16.
Dile que no me lo enseñe.
Tell him not to show it to me.
17.
Quiero que me lo enseñes.
I want you to show it to me.
18.
Que me llamen.
Have them call me.
19.
Que nos guarden una copia.
Have them keep a copy for us.
20.
Que lo hagan de nuevo.
Have them do it again.
21.
Que lo comprueben.
Have them check it.
22.
Que se haga.
Have it done.
23.
Que se pinte.
Have it painted.
24.
Que se mande a esta dirección.
Have it sent to this address.
25.
Que se imprima.
Have it printed.
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S Y S T E M S
PAGE 4
Vaughan
LIST 3 - The accusative
S Y S T E M S
1.
Quiero que me lo den en mano.
I want them to give it to me in hand.
2.
Quisiera que organizaran una reunión.
I’d like them to set up a meeting.
3.
Necesito que ellos me ayuden con esto.
I need them to help me with this.
4.
Quiero que seamos amigos.
I want us to be friends.
5.
¿Qué quieren ellos que hagamos?
What do they want us to do?
6.
¿Qué esperan que yo haga?
What do they expect me to do?
7.
¿Cuándo esperan que lo terminemos?
When do they expect us to finish it?
8.
¿Por qué necesitan que les ayudemos?
Why do they need us to help them?
9.
Quiero que lo busques.
I want you to look for it.
10.
Él quiere que yo lo busque.
He wants me to look for it.
11.
Quiero que el resto de la gente sepa la verdad.
I want the rest of the people to know the truth.
12.
Quiero que todos vayáis juntos.
I want all of you to go together.
13.
No quieren que mezclemos más de tres colores.
They don’t want us to mix more than three colors.
14.
No quiero que lo tomes así.
I don’t want you to take it that way.
15.
Quiero que mis hijos sean felices.
I want my children to be happy. (Kids)
16.
Queremos que llueva.
We want it to rain.
17.
Quiero que se haga realidad.
I want it to come true.
18.
Quiero que ocurra pronto.
I want it to happen soon.
19.
Quiero que dure.
I want it to last.
20.
Quiero que se programe para mañana.
I want it to be scheduled for tomorrow.
21.
Quiero que esta sea la última vez.
I want this to be the last time.
22.
Quiero que esté listo para mañana.
I want it to be ready for tomorrow.
23.
Quiero que el trabajo se haga.
I want the job to be done.
24.
Quiero que la reunión se posponga.
I want the meeting to be postponed.
25.
Quiero que se convoque para el próximo mes.
I want it to be called for next month.
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PAGE 5
Vaughan
LIST 4 - To get
S Y S T E M S
1.
No dejes que ello te deprima.
Don’t let it get you down.
2.
Me pondré en contacto con él.
I’ll get in touch with him. (Get in contact with)
3.
Te acostumbrarás a mi estilo.
You’ll get used to my style.
4.
Me perdí.
I got lost.
5.
Larguémonos de aquí.
Let’s get out of here.
6.
Tardé dos meses en recuperarlo.
It took me two months to get it back.
7.
No estoy llegando a ninguna parte.
I’m not getting anywhere.
8.
Lo superé.
I got over it.
9.
Súbete al autobús.
Get on the bus.
10.
Bájate del autobús.
Get off the bus.
11.
Bájate del árbol.
Get down from the tree.
12.
Aléjate del humo.
Get away from the smoke.
13.
Él no sabe transmitir sus ideas.
He doesn’t know how to get his ideas across.
14.
Me las apaño.
I get by.
15.
Sal del coche.
Get out of the car.
16.
Métete en el coche.
Get into the car.
17.
Cuando llegues allí, llámame.
When you get there, call me.
18.
¿A qué hora llegaste a casa?
What time did you get home?
19.
Recibí más de 20 cartas ayer.
I got more than 20 letters yesterday.
20.
Él siempre se sale con la suya.
He always gets his way.
21.
Pongámonos en marcha.
Let’s get going.
22.
Vaya al grano.
Get to the point.
23.
Hay maneras de burlar la ley.
There are ways to get round the law.
24.
¡Quítate de en medio!
Get out of the way!
25.
No me malinterpretes.
Don’t get me wrong.
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PAGE 6
Vaughan
LIST 5 - Used to / To be-get used to
S Y S T E M S
1.
Yo antes conocía a mucha gente importante.
I used to know a lot of important people.
2.
Yo antes tenía más tiempo libre.
I used to have more free time.
3.
Antes venían por aquí más a menudo.
They used to come (around) here more often.
4.
Antes había más días festivos.
There used to be more holidays.
5.
Él antes era cura.
He used to be a priest.
6.
Yo antes era oficial del ejército.
I used to be an army officer.
7.
Yo antes era feliz.
I used to be happy.
8.
Antes era fácil encontrar trabajo.
It used to be easy to find a job.
9.
Antes nevaba mucho aquí en invierno.
It used to snow a lot here in the winter.
10.
Antes llovía más también.
It used to rain more too.
11.
Estoy acostumbrado a ir al trabajo en coche.
I’m used to driving to work.
12.
Están acostumbrados a salirse con la suya.
They’re used to getting their way.
13.
No estaban acostumbrados a mi acento.
They weren’t used to my accent.
14.
Tardaron meses en acostumbrarse a ello.
It took them months to get used to it.
15.
Ya te acostumbrarás.
You’ll get used to it.
16.
Yo antes comía en buenos restaurantes.
I used to eat in good restaurants.
17.
No estoy acostumbrado a restaurantes baratos.
I’m not used to cheap restaurants.
18.
Pues más vale que te acostumbres a ello.
Well you’d better get used to it.
19.
Ahora que estoy en prisión, tengo que acostumbrarme a muchas cosas nuevas.
Now that I’m in prison, I have to get used to a lot of new things.
20.
No estoy acostumbrado a mi cama nueva.
I’m not used to my new bed.
21.
Antes dormía en una cama de matrimonio de tamaño especial.
I used to sleep in a king-size bed.
22.
Ahora tendré que acostumbrarme a esta.
Now I’ll have to get used to this one.
23.
No estoy acostumbrado a la comida de la prisión.
I’m not used to prison food.
24.
Antes comía como un rey.
I used to eat like a king.
25.
Tendré que acostumbrarme a una nueva dieta.
I’ll have to get used to a new diet.
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PAGE 7
Vaughan
LIST 6 - Modals (defective verbs)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Puedo hacerlo.
I can do it.
2.
Le dije que podía hacerlo.
I told you I could do it.
3.
Puede que él lo haga.
He may do it.
4.
Te dije que él posiblemente lo haría.
I told you he might do it.
5.
Deberías hacerlo.
You should do it. (Ought to)
6.
Debes hacerlo. (Moralmente obligado)
You must do it.
7.
Tienes que hacerlo. (No hay más remedio.)
You have to do it.
8.
Más vale que lo hagas, porque si no…
You’d better do it, because otherwise…
9.
Más te vale.
You’d better.
10.
Deberías llamarla más a menudo.
You ought to call her more often. (Should)
11.
No deben de estar en casa.
They must not be at home. (Sin contracción)
12.
Ese señor debe de ser rico.
That man must be rich.
13.
Preferiría estar contigo que con ella.
I’d rather be with you than with her.
14.
¿Nos vamos?
Shall we go?
15.
¿Qué hacemos?
What shall we do?
16.
¿Abro la ventana?
Shall I open the window?
17.
No tienes que convencerme.
You don’t have to convince me.
18.
No debes tocar eso.
You mustn’t touch that.
19.
No deberías estar aquí.
You shouldn’t be here.
20.
Más vale que te vayas, porque si no…
You’d better leave, because otherwise…
21.
¿Qué puedo hacer con esto?
What can I do with this?
22.
Es posible que sea demasiado tarde.
It may be too late.
23.
Es posible que haya un malentendido.
There may be a misunderstanding.
24.
Es posible que haya habido un malentendido.
There may have been a misunderstanding.
25.
No podría ser de otro modo.
It couldn’t be any other way.
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PAGE 8
Vaughan
LIST 7 - How long… take
S Y S T E M S
1.
Tardo media hora en preparar una lista.
It takes me half an hour to prepare a list.
2.
Estoy tardando mucho en preparar esta lista.
It’s taking me a long time to prepare this list.
3.
Tardé dos años en aprender español.
It took me two years to learn Spanish.
4.
Tardaré 20 minutos en terminar esta lista.
It’ll take me 20 minutes to finish this list.
5.
Tardaría más si hiciera un descanso para el café.
It would take me longer if I took a coffee break.
6.
He tardado tres días en llegar hasta esta lista.
It’s taken me three days to get to this list.
7.
Te dije ayer que había tardado tres días.
I told you yesterday it had taken me three days.
8.
Habría tardado más si hubiera habido problemas.
It would’ve taken me longer if there had been any problems.
9.
Antes tardaba menos en preparar una lista.
It used to take me less time to prepare a list.
10.
A veces puedo tardar más de una hora.
Sometimes it can take me more than an hour.
11.
Debería tardar menos de 15 minutos.
It should take me less than 15 minutes.
12.
Puede que tarde dos horas en preparar esta lista.
It may take me two hours to prepare this list.
13.
Se tarda cinco horas en ir a Sevilla.
It takes five hours to go to Seville.
14.
Se tarda mucho tiempo en aprender un idioma.
It takes a long time to learn a language.
15.
Se tarda bastante tiempo.
It takes quite a long time.
16.
No se tarda mucho.
It doesn’t take long.
17.
¿Cuánto se tarda en aprender este programa?
How long does it take to learn this program?
18.
¿Cuánto se tarda en volar a Nueva York?
How long does it take to fly to New York?
19.
¿Cuánto se tarda en aprender a conducir?
How long does it take to learn how to drive?
20.
Tardé mucho.
It took me a long time.
21.
Tardaste mucho.
It took you a long time.
22.
Él tardó mucho.
It took him a long time.
23.
Ella tardó mucho.
It took her a long time.
24.
Tardamos mucho.
It took us a long time.
25.
Tardasteis mucho.
It took you a long time.
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PAGE 9
Vaughan
LIST 8 - Negative questions
S Y S T E M S
1.
¿Por qué no funcionaba?
Why didn’t it work?
2.
¿Por qué no lo has hecho todavía?
Why haven’t you done it yet?
3.
¿Por qué no ha ocurrido todavía?
Why hasn’t it happened yet?
4.
¿Por qué no nos han llamado aún?
Why haven’t they called us yet?
5.
¿Por qué no estarás allí?
Why won’t you be there?
6.
¿Por qué no estará listo?
Why won’t it be ready?
7.
¿Por qué no les gustará?
Why won’t they like it?
8.
¿Por qué no sería aconsejable?
Why wouldn’t it be advisable?
9.
¿Por qué no querrías algo así?
Why wouldn’t you want something like that?
10.
¿Por qué no pudiste ir?
Why couldn’t you go?
11.
¿Por qué no se ha hecho?
Why hasn’t it been done?
12.
¿Por qué no se hará?
Why won’t it be done?
13.
¿Por qué no se está haciendo?
Why isn’t it being done?
14.
¿Por qué no se hace nunca?
Why isn’t it ever done?
15.
¿Por qué no se hizo?
Why wasn’t it done?
16.
¿Por qué no nos invitan nunca?
Why don’t they ever invite us?
17.
¿Por qué no deberíamos hacerlo?
Why shouldn’t we do it?
18.
¿Por qué no ha sido confirmado?
Why hasn’t it been confirmed?
19.
¿Por qué no lo habrías hecho?
Why wouldn’t you have done it?
20.
¿Por qué no tiene nadie secretaria aquí?
Why doesn’t anyone have a secretary here?
21.
¿Por qué no vas allí con ellos?
Why don’t you go there with them?
22.
¿Por qué no lo pruebas?
Why don’t you try it?
23.
¿Por qué no cae él bien a nadie?
Why doesn’t anyone like him?
24.
¿Por qué no sería correcto?
Why wouldn’t it be correct?
25.
¿Por qué no pasamos a otra lista?
Why don’t we go on to another list?
c
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PAGE 10
LIST 9 - Still / Yet / Already / Anymore
Vaughan
1.
No hemos empezado todavía.
We haven’t started yet. (Begun)
2.
Todavía estamos esperando.
We’re still waiting.
3.
¿Has comido ya?
Have you eaten yet?
4.
Ya he comido.
I’ve already eaten.
5.
No he comido todavía.
I haven’t eaten yet.
6.
¿Has terminado el informe ya?
Have you finished the report yet?
7.
No lo he terminado todavía.
I haven’t finished it yet.
8.
Ya lo he terminado.
I’ve already finished it.
9.
Todavía estoy trabajando en ello.
I’m still working on it.
10.
Ya no estoy trabajando en ello.
I’m not working on it anymore.
11.
¿Sigues saliendo con ella?
Are you still going out with her?
12.
Todavía salgo con ella.
I’m still going out with her.
13.
Ya no salgo con ella.
I’m not going out with her anymore.
14.
Ya la he dejado.
I’ve already left her.
15.
No la he dejado todavía.
I haven’t left her yet.
16.
¿Ha llegado ya el tren?
Has the train arrived yet?
17.
No ha llegado todavía.
It hasn’t arrived yet.
18.
Todavía está en camino.
It’s still on the way.
19.
Ya ha llegado.
It’s already arrived.
20.
Ya no está en camino.
It’s not on the way anymore.
21.
¿Todavía me quieres?
Do you still love me?
22.
Todavía te quiero.
I still love you.
23.
Ya no te quiero.
I don’t love you anymore.
24.
Ya he encontrado a otra mujer.
I’ve already found another woman.
25.
¿Le has visto ya?
Have you seen him yet?
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S Y S T E M S
PAGE 11
Vaughan
LIST 10 - Future or first conditional
S Y S T E M S
1.
Lo haré si me ayudas.
I’ll do it if you help me.
2.
Vendrán si les llamas.
They’ll come if you call them.
3.
Saldremos si no llueve.
We’ll go out if it doesn’t rain.
4.
Saldré en cuanto deje de llover.
I’ll go out as soon as it stops raining.
5.
Si me abandonas, lloraré.
If you leave me, I’ll cry.
6.
¿Qué pasará si te cogen?
What’ll happen if they catch you?
7.
¿Qué harás si eso no ocurre?
What’ll you do if that doesn’t happen?
8.
Te lo mandaré tan pronto como lo tenga.
I’ll send it to you as soon as I have it.
9.
No lo harán a no ser que les pagues mucho.
They won’t do it unless you pay them a lot.
10.
Iré en cuanto termine esta carta.
I’ll go as soon as I finish this letter.
11.
No trabajaré con ellos si no me ofrecen coche.
I won’t work with them if they don’t offer me a car.
12.
No aprenderás si no estudias.
You won’t learn if you don’t study.
13.
Se hará si hay suficiente dinero.
It will be done if there’s enough money.
14.
Comenzarán en cuanto termine la clase.
They’ll start as soon as the class is over.
15.
Te lo haré si eso es lo que quieres.
I’ll do it for you if that’s what you want.
16.
No lo gastaré a menos que me vea obligado.
I won’t spend it unless I’m forced to.
17.
No pasará nada si nadie dice nada.
Nothing will happen if nobody says anything.
18.
Todo el mundo se enfadará si lo pospones.
Everybody will get angry if you postpone it.
19.
¿Cómo irás si no te llevo?
How will you go if I don’t take you?
20.
No diré nada hasta que no me digan algo.
I won’t say anything until they tell me something.
21.
No haré nada hasta que no aprueben el plan.
I won’t do anything until they approve the plan.
22.
Nadie te apoyará si te portas así.
No one will support you if you behave like that.
23.
Lo compraré cuando tenga dinero.
I’ll buy it when I have some money.
24.
Lo haré cuando pueda.
I’ll do it when I can.
25.
No lo haré a menos que me apoyes.
I won’t do it unless you support me.
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PAGE 12
LIST 11 - Present or second conditional
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
1.
Lo haría si pudiera.
I’d do it if I could.
2.
Te ayudaría si tuviera suficiente dinero.
I’d help you if I had enough money.
3.
Ganaría más dinero si supiera inglés.
I’d earn more money if I knew English.
4.
Dejaría la compañía si me bajaran el sueldo.
I’d leave the company if they cut my salary.
5.
¿Qué harías si eso pasara?
What would you do if that happened?
6.
Saldríamos si no estuviera lloviendo.
We’d go out if it weren’t raining.
7.
Yo que tú no lo haría.
If I were you, I wouldn’t do it.
8.
Si le conocieras, entenderías mi punto de vista.
If you knew him, you’d understand my point of view.
9.
Si fuera verdad, no sé lo que haría.
If it were true, I don’t know what I’d do.
10.
Si no fueras tan cabezota, venderías más.
If you weren’t so hard-headed, you’d sell more.
11.
Si no estuviera lloviendo, comeríamos fuera.
If it weren’t raining, we’d eat outside.
12.
Si supieran lo que yo sé, nos apoyarían.
If they knew what I know, they’d support us.
13.
Si pudieras estar a las tres, te lo agradecería.
If you could be here at three, I’d appreciate it.
14.
¿Dónde vivirías si no pudieras vivir aquí?
Where would you live if you couldn’t live here?
15.
Si esta casa fuera mía, la ampliaría.
If this house were mine, I’d enlarge it.
16.
Si fuera tuya, la destrozarías.
If it were yours, you’d destroy it.
17.
Si hubiera más gente aquí, terminaríamos antes.
If there were more people here, we’d finish sooner.
18.
Si no necesitaran dinero, no estarían aquí.
If they didn’t need money, they wouldn’t be here.
19.
Si no me molestaras tanto, podría terminarlo.
If you didn’t bother me so much, I could finish it.
20.
Si el mío fuera como el tuyo, todo sería distinto.
If mine were like yours, everything would be different.
21.
Si supieras tanto como yo, serías un genio.
If you knew as much as I do, you’d be a genius.
22.
¿Qué pasaría si no hiciéramos nada?
What would happen if we didn’t do anything?
23.
Si todo estuviera listo, podríamos empezar ya.
If everything were ready, we could begin right away.
24.
¿Qué harías tú si estuvieras en mi lugar?
What would you do if you were in my shoes?
25.
Si no me ayudaran, no podría hacerlo.
If they didn’t help me, I wouldn’t be able to do it.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 13
LIST 12 - Past or third conditional
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
1.
Si le hubieras visto, te habrías dado cuenta.
If you’d seen him, you would’ve realized.
2.
Si me lo hubieran enviado, lo habría corregido.
If they’d sent it to me, I would’ve corrected it.
3.
Si hubiera habido fiesta, ellos no habrían ido.
If there had been a party, they wouldn’t have gone.
4.
Si me hubiera tocado la lotería, me habría jubilado.
If I’d won the lottery, I would’ve retired.
5.
Si hubieran perdido, no habrían avanzado.
If they’d lost, they wouldn’t have advanced.
6.
Si hubiera habido un acuerdo, me lo habrían dicho.
If there’d been an agreement, they would’ve told me.
7.
Si no hubiera sido por ti, habríamos perdido todo.
If it hadn’t been for you, we would’ve lost everything.
8.
Habría sido tuyo si me lo hubieras pedido.
It would’ve been yours if you’d asked me for it.
9.
Si me hubieras llamado ayer, podría haberlo resuelto.
If you’d called me yesterday, I could’ve solved it.
10.
Si hubiera habido tormenta, no habrías asistido.
If there had been a storm, you wouldn’t have attended.
11.
Si hubieras ofrecido más dinero, habría aceptado.
If you’d offered more money, I would’ve accepted.
12.
Si Hitler no hubiera invadido Rusia, quizá hubiera ganado la guerra.
If Hitler hadn’t invaded Russia, he might’ve won the war.
13.
Si mi padre hubiera estado enfermo, yo no habría venido a España.
If my father had been ill, I wouldn’t have come to Spain.
14.
Si hubiera tenido un buen empleo en mi país, no habría venido aquí.
If I’d had a good job in my country, I wouldn’t have come here.
15.
De saber que estabas enfermo, no habría llamado.
If I’d known that you were ill, I wouldn’t have called.
16.
Si Noé no hubiera construido el arca, habría muerto.
If Noah hadn’t built the ark, he would’ve died.
17.
Si Morgan hubiera jugado, el equipo habría ganado.
If Morgan had played, the team would’ve won.
18.
Si me hubieran avisado con mayor antelación, podría haber resuelto el problema.
If they’d notified me sooner, I could have solved the problem.
19.
Si yo hubiera tenido que hacerlo, no lo habría hecho.
If I’d had to do it, I wouldn’t have done it.
20.
Si pudiera haberlo evitado, lo habría evitado.
If I could’ve avoided it, I would’ve avoided it.
21.
¿Qué habrías hecho si yo no me hubiera presentado?
What would you have done if I hadn’t shown up?
22.
¿Cómo habrías ido si no hubieras tenido coche?
How would you have gone if you hadn’t had a car?
23.
No habría sido aceptado si no hubiera sido firmado.
It wouldn’t have been accepted if it hadn’t been signed.
24.
Si yo no hubiera querido hacerlo, no lo habría hecho.
If I hadn’t wanted to do it, I wouldn’t have done it.
25.
Si yo hubiera sabido que ibas, habría ido también.
If I’d known you were going, I would’ve gone too.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 14
Vaughan
LIST 13 - Make / Do
S Y S T E M S
1.
Haz algo.
Do something.
2.
Hazme una oferta.
Make me an offer.
3.
Haz el trabajo.
Do the job.
4.
Haz lo que quieras.
Do whatever you want.
5.
Hazme una promesa.
Make me a promise.
6.
Haz el crucigrama.
Do the crossword puzzle.
7.
Hazme un favor.
Do me a favor.
8.
Haz la cama.
Make the bed.
9.
Haz una presentación.
Make a presentation.
10.
Hazlo lo mejor que puedas.
Do the best you can.
11.
Hago negocios con ellos.
I do business with them.
12.
Vamos a hacer unos cambios.
We’re going to make some changes.
13.
¿Tengo que hacer un discurso?
Do I have to make a speech? (También “give”)
14.
¿Quién va a hacer la compra?
Who’s going to do the shopping?
15.
¿Cómo te ganas la vida?
How do you make a living?
16.
Haz una lista de lo que tienes que hacer.
Make a list of what you have to do.
17.
Tengo que hacer una llamada.
I have to make a phone call.
18.
No cometo errores.
I don’t make mistakes.
19.
Haz un esfuerzo.
Make an effort.
20.
No crees problemas.
Don’t make problems.
21.
Haces mal uso de tu tiempo.
You make poor use of your time.
22.
¿Quién va a hacer la cena?
Who’s going to make dinner?
23.
Asegúrate de que están comiendo.
Make sure they’re eating.
24.
Tienes que causar una buena impresión.
You have to make a good impression.
25.
¿Puedo hacer una petición?
Can I make a request?
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 15
Vaughan
LIST 14 - Say & tell
S Y S T E M S
1.
Nos dijeron que nos diéramos prisa.
They told us to hurry up.
2.
Saluda a tu primo.
Say hello to your cousin.
3.
Dile tu nombre.
Tell him your name.
4.
¿¡Pero qué dices!?
But what are you saying?
5.
Yo sabía que iba a pasar. Ya te lo dije.
I knew it was going to happen. I told you so.
6.
¿No podemos ir? ¿Quién lo dice?
Can’t we go? Who says so?
7.
¿Qué dijeron cuando te levantaste para irte?
What did they say when you got up to leave?
8.
¿Estás diciendo que no debemos hacerlo?
Are you saying we shouldn’t do it?
9.
Os estoy diciendo que no lo hagáis.
I’m telling you not to do it.
10.
Siempre rezo una oración antes de cenar.
I always say a prayer before having dinner.
11.
Él contó una historia acerca de su antiguo jefe.
He told a story about his old boss.
12.
Dímelo.
Tell me.
13.
Di lo que estás pensando.
Say what’s on your mind.
14.
Les dije que me esperaran.
I told them to wait for me.
15.
Pide perdón.
Say you’re sorry. (Apologize.)
16.
Di lo que dijiste anoche.
Say what you said last night.
17.
Diles lo que me dijiste anoche.
Tell them what you told me last night.
18.
Nos dijeron que no dijéramos nada.
They told us not to say anything.
19.
Ella ni siquiera me saludó.
She didn’t even say hello to me.
20.
Salúdales. (Por la mañana)
Say good morning to them.
21.
Salúdales. (A primera hora de la tarde)
Say good afternoon to them.
22.
Salúdales. (A última hora de la tarde)
Say good evening to them.
23.
Despídete de ellos. (Por la noche)
Say good night to them.
24.
Despídete de ellos. (En general)
Say goodbye to them.
25.
Salúdales. (En general)
Say hello to them.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 16
LIST 15 - Other / Another / The other / etc.
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
1.
Dame otro.
Give me another (one).
2.
Dame otro libro.
Give me another book.
3.
No quiero este… quiero otro.
I don’t want this one… I want another (one).
4.
No quiero este… quiero el otro.
I don’t want this one… I want the other (one).
5.
Dame el otro que tienes.
Give me the other one you have.
6.
Tiene que haber otra forma.
There must be another way.
7.
Debes hacerlo de la otra forma.
You should do it the other way.
8.
No quiero otro cualquiera… quiero el otro que me enseñaste ayer.
I don’t want just any other one… I want the other one you showed me yesterday.
9.
Otra gente vendrá mañana.
Other people will come tomorrow.
10.
La otra gente vendrá mañana.
The other people will come tomorrow.
11.
Enséñame otro modelo.
Show me another model.
12.
Enséñame el otro modelo.
Show me the other model.
13.
Enséñame otros modelos.
Show me some other models.
14.
Enséñame los otros modelos.
Show me the other models.
15.
Esto es para ti y esto es para los demás.
This is for you and this is for the others.
16.
Hay otras muchas maneras de convencerle.
There are many other ways to convince him.
17.
No te deprimas… habrá otras mujeres.
Don’t get depressed… there will be other women.
18.
Algunas veces lo hago solo y otras veces con mis amigos.
Sometimes I do it alone and other times with my friends.
19.
Esta vez trajeron el dinero, pero la otra vez no lo trajeron.
This time they brought the money, but the other time they didn’t bring it.
20.
Esta vez me llamaron, pero las otras veces no.
This time they called me, but the other times they didn’t.
21.
Me gusta esa chica, pero también me gustan otras.
I like that girl, but I also like others.
22.
¿Qué otra gente te conoce?
What other people know you?
23.
Hay otro problema también.
There’s another problem too.
24.
Estuve con él el otro día.
I was with him the other day.
25.
Hay otros asuntos que resolver también.
There are other matters to resolve too.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 17
Vocabulary Booklet
2
Vaughan
LIST 16 - Phrasal verbs (1)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Pasaré por tu casa camino de la mía.
I’ll pass by your house on the way to mine. (Drop by)
2.
La buena señora falleció después de una larga enfermedad.
The good lady passed away after a long illness.
3.
Me quedé sin sentido.
I passed out.
4.
Primero tienes que atravesar un cruce.
First you have to pass through an intersection.
5.
No dejes pasar esta oportunidad.
Don’t pass up this opportunity.
6.
No te acerques a mi novia.
Stay away from my girlfriend.
7.
Dejé el colegio a los 15 años.
I dropped out of school when I was 15 years old.
8.
Nos quedamos levantados hasta las tantas.
We stayed up very late.
9.
Nos quedamos por ahí hasta las tantas.
We stayed out very late.
10.
Le gusta presumir.
He likes to show off.
11.
¿Cómo puedo transmitirles la importancia de esto?
How can I get across to them the importance of this?
12.
No sé cómo transmitírselo.
I don’t know how to get it across to them.
13.
Ella me habló hasta convencerme. (Me comió el coco)
She talked me into it.
14.
Me alegro de que me hayas hablado para convencerme de lo contrario.
I’m glad you talked me out of it.
15.
No me líes.
Don’t mix me up.
16.
No puedo captar lo que dicen.
I can’t make out what they’re saying.
17.
No te quedes atrás.
Don’t fall behind.
18.
No te enamores.
Don’t fall in love.
19.
No puedo seguir el ritmo.
I can’t keep up.
20.
Vas muy de prisa. No puedo seguir tu ritmo.
You’re going too fast. I can’t keep up with you.
21.
Si no les alcanzas, ganarán la carrera.
If you don’t catch up with them, they’ll win the race.
22.
Me caí al agua.
I fell into the water.
23.
El niño se cayó del árbol.
The little boy fell out of the tree.
24.
Ella entró en una depresión.
She fell into a depression.
25.
No te apoyes en la mesa.
Don’t lean on the table.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 19
Vaughan
LIST 17 - Phrasal verbs (2)
S Y S T E M S
1.
No te apoyes en la pared.
Don’t lean against the wall.
2.
Apóyate en mí.
Lean on me.
3.
Tendrán que escucharme hasta el final.
They’ll have to hear me out.
4.
No tengo noticias de ella.
I haven’t heard from her.
5.
Nunca he oído hablar de Paco Morgan. ¿Quién es?
I’ve never heard of Paco Morgan. Who is he?
6.
No lo puedo remediar. (No lo puedo evitar)
I can’t help it.
7.
Déjame que te eche una mano.
Let me help you out.
8.
Habladlo antes de tomar una decisión.
Talk it over before making a decision.
9.
Ayúdale a levantarse.
Help him up.
10.
Espérate.
Hold on.
11.
Estás frenando al resto de la clase.
You’re holding back the rest of the class.
12.
¿Qué le está retrasando?
What’s holding him up?
13.
Mantenle alejado de ella.
Keep him away from her.
14.
El niño me tuvo en vela toda la noche.
The child kept me up all night.
15.
Tenemos que mantenernos con los tiempos actuales.
We have to keep up with the times.
16.
Él está continuamente preguntándome por ti.
He keeps on asking me about you.
17.
El comité está compuesto por siete miembros.
The committee is made up of seven members.
18.
Tenemos que recuperar el tiempo perdido.
We have made up for lost time.
19.
¿Cómo puedo compensar la pérdida?
How can I make up for the loss?
20.
Decídete.
Make up your mind.
21.
No creo que vayan a reconciliarse.
I don’t think they’re going to make up.
22.
Lo siento. ¿Cómo te lo puedo enmendar?
I’m sorry. How can I make it up to you?
23.
Tenemos que despedir a 200 trabajadores.
We have to lay off 200 workers.
24.
No atropelles al pobre perro.
Don’t run over the poor dog.
25.
El niño huyó de casa.
The child ran away from home.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 20
Vaughan
LIST 18 - Phrasal verbs (3)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Si no cuelgas la ropa, yo la colgaré.
If you don’t hang up the clothes, I’ll hang them up.
2.
Si la decisión fuera mía, yo lo omitiría.
If it were up to me, I’d leave it out.
3.
¿Por qué no te deshaces de ese calendario viejo?
Why don’t you get rid of that old calendar?
4.
El tema no salió en la reunión.
The subject didn’t come up at the meeting.
5.
Si tú no sacas el tema de los coches, yo lo sacaré.
If you don’t bring up the subject of the cars, I’ll bring it up.
6.
Este tipo de reto saca lo mejor que hay en él.
This kind of challenge brings out the best in him.
7.
Estamos atravesando un período difícil.
We’re going through a difficult period.
8.
Te estás convirtiendo en un pequeño dictador.
You’re turning into a little dictator.
9.
Si tú rechazas la oferta, yo la rechazaré también.
If you turn down the offer, I’ll turn it down too.
10.
Si tú no elaboras un plan, yo elaboraré uno.
If you don’t draw up a plan, I’ll draw one up.
11.
Extiende un cheque. Extiéndelo a Juan Pérez.
Make out a check. Make it out to Juan Pérez.
12.
Si tú no rellenas el impreso, yo lo rellenaré.
If you don’t fill out the form, I’ll fill it out.
13.
Si tú no rellenas los espacios en blanco, yo los rellenaré.
If you don’t fill in the blanks, I’ll fill them in.
14.
¿Puedes descifrar lo que han escrito?
Can you make out what they’ve written?
15.
Te pareces a tu padre. (Físicamente)
You look like your father.
16.
Te pareces a tu padre. (Forma de ser)
You take after your father.
17.
Devuélvelo adonde lo encontraste.
Take it back to where you found it.
18.
Si no descuelgas el cuadro, yo lo descolgaré.
If you don’t take down the picture, I’ll take it down.
19.
Van a derribar ese muro.
They’re going to knock down that wall.
20.
¿Quién derribó el avión?
Who shot down the plane?
21.
Tendrás que bajar a su nivel. (De ellos)
You’ll have to come down to their level.
22.
Si tú lo desmontas, yo lo volveré a montar.
If you take it apart, I’ll put it back together.
23.
Apunta mi dirección. Apúntala en este papel.
Write down my address. Write it down on this piece of paper.
24.
Rebajamos el precio en un 10%.
We took 10% off the price.
25.
Estoy asumiendo más responsabilidades ahora.
I’m taking on more responsibilities now.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 21
Vaughan
LIST 19 - Phrasal verbs (4)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Si eso no quita la mancha, esto la quitará.
If that doesn’t take out the stain, this will take it out.
2.
Voy a llevar a mi mujer a pasear.
I’m going to take my wife out for a walk.
3.
Nadie ha asumido el control todavía.
Nobody has taken over yet.
4.
Este sillón ocupa mucho espacio.
This armchair takes up a lot of space.
5.
Yo te subiré hasta el despacho del presidente.
I’ll take you up to the president’s office.
6.
Él te absorberá mucho de tu tiempo.
He’ll take up a lot of your time.
7.
No quiero entrar en esa cuestión.
I don’t want to go into that matter.
8.
Tengo que volver a la oficina.
I have to go back to the office.
9.
Él siguió hablando horas y horas.
He went on talking for hours.
10.
Voy a bajar a la primera planta.
I’m going to go down to the first floor.
11.
No lo estás haciendo bien.
You’re not going about it right.
12.
Me llevo bien con ella.
I get along with her very well.
13.
El sol se puso a las 7:00.
The sun went down at 7:00.
14.
Caí enfermo con gripe.
I came down with the flu.
15.
Esa chica está detrás de mí desde hace un mes.
That girl has been after me for a month.
16.
¡A por ello!
Go for it!
17.
Tienes que entrar por aquella puerta.
You have to go in through that door.
18.
Cuando entres en la sala, no digas nada.
When you go into the room, don’t say anything.
19.
Terminamos hablando del precio de las manzanas.
We wound up talking about the price of apples.
20.
Mi despertador no sonó esta mañana.
My alarm clock didn’t go off this morning.
21.
La bomba estalló antes de que pudiera llegar la policía.
The bomb went off before the police could arrive.
22.
Pasemos al siguiente punto del orden del día.
Let’s go on to the next item on the agenda.
23.
A medida que pasa el tiempo, me doy cuenta de lo mucho que ella significaba para mí.
As time goes on, I realize how much she meant to me.
24.
La reunión seguirá unos 10 minutos más.
The meeting will go on for about 10 more minutes.
25.
Mi hija está cerca de cumplir los 17 años.
My daughter is going on 17.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 22
Vaughan
LIST 20 - Phrasal verbs (5)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Se ha apagado el incendio. (Por sí solo)
The fire has gone out.
2.
Eso pasó de moda hace años.
That went out of fashion years ago.
3.
Se pusieron en huelga.
They went on strike.
4.
Ensayémoslo una vez más.
Let’s go over it one more time.
5.
¿Qué letra viene después de la K?
What letter comes after K?
6.
Vuelve… te necesito.
Come back… I need you.
7.
Pasa por mi casa antes de ir allí.
Come by my house before going there. (Drop by, stop by, pass by)
8.
¡Baja de ahí!
Come down from there!
9.
Se reduce a una cuestión de dinero.
It comes down to a question of money.
10.
Se reduce a una cuestión de dinero.
It boils down to a question of money.
11.
Este tipo de bolígrafo resulta muy útil.
This kind of pen really comes in handy.
12.
Nos has metido en un buen lío.
You got us into a real mess.
13.
¿Cómo vamos a salir de este lío?
How are we going to get out of this mess?
14.
Se ha despegado el sello.
The stamp came off.
15.
¡Venga! ¡Vamos!
Come on!
16.
Le vi cuando salía del ascensor.
I saw him when he was coming out of the elevator.
17.
Solo tres de las 10 fotos salieron bien.
Only three out of the 10 photos came out well.
18.
La revista se publica mensualmente.
The magazine comes out monthly.
19.
La presentación salió muy bien.
The presentation came out very well.
20.
¿Por qué no vienes a mi casa a tomar una copa?
Why don’t you come over to my place to have a drink?
21.
El total asciende a 3.000 euros.
The total comes to 3,000 euros.
22.
Ve al grano.
Get to the point.
23.
Vamos a vernos otra vez en algún momento.
Let’s get together again sometime.
24.
Tengo que preparar el presupuesto.
I have to draw up the budget.
25.
Cuento contigo. No puedes volver atrás.
I’m counting on you. You can’t back out.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 23
Vaughan
LIST 21 - Common expressions (1)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Lo harán siempre que les respaldes.
They’ll do it as long as you back them up.
2.
Como regla general, no fumo en clase.
As a general rule, I don’t smoke in class.
3.
Que yo sepa, no han hecho nada todavía.
As far as I know, they haven’t done anything yet.
4.
En cuanto a mí, pueden hacer lo que quieran.
As far as I’m concerned, they can do whatever they want.
5.
Ya he hablado con él detenidamente sobre el asunto.
I’ve already spoken to him at length about the matter.
6.
En el mejor de los casos, recibiremos el tercer premio.
At best, we will receive the third prize.
7.
¿No sabrías por casualidad dónde está Pepe?
You wouldn’t know, by any chance, where Pepe is?
8.
Juan es, con mucha diferencia, el mejor de la clase.
John is by far the best in the class.
9.
En cuanto a ese tema, no tengo más que decir.
Concerning that subject, I have nothing more to say.
10.
El coste de la vida es muy alto aquí.
The cost of living is very high here.
11.
El nivel de vida en mi país es muy alto.
The standard of living in my country is very high.
12.
Debido a circunstancias imprevistas, nos vemos obligados a cancelar el espectáculo.
Due to unforeseen circumstances, we are forced to call off the show.
13.
Te daré un toque mañana por la mañana. (Por teléfono)
I’ll give you a ring tomorrow morning.
14.
Si prestas atención en clase, a la larga aprenderás mucho.
If you pay attention in class, eventually you’ll learn a lot.
15.
Voy a la clínica un día sí y otro no.
I go to the clinic every other day.
16.
Me voy de esta empresa para siempre.
I’m leaving this company for good.
17.
Utiliza las cifras preliminares por ahora.
Use the preliminary figures for the time being.
18.
Él siempre está de mal humor los lunes.
He’s always in a bad mood on Mondays.
19.
Siempre está de buen humor los viernes.
He’s always in a good mood on Fridays.
20.
Además de estos problemas, hay otros también.
In addition to those problems, there are others too.
21.
Si me pagas por adelantado, te haré un descuento.
If you pay me in advance, I’ll give you a discount.
22.
¿Quién es el encargado de este proyecto?
Who’s in charge of this project?
23.
En todo caso, creo que deberías hablar con tu jefe.
In any case, I think you should talk to your boss.
24.
Hice un análisis en profundidad del tema.
I made an in-depth analysis of the subject.
25.
En resumidas cuentas, estamos en quiebra.
In short, we’re bankrupt.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 24
Vaughan
LIST 22 - Common expressions (2)
S Y S T E M S
1.
En términos de beneficios, el año ha sido bueno.
In terms of profits, the year has been good.
2.
A pesar de la escasez de agua, hemos logrado conservar el césped en buenas condiciones.
In spite of the water shortage, we’ve managed to keep the grass in good condition.
3.
A la larga, todos saldremos ganando.
In the long run, we will all come out ahead.
4.
Estaré de regreso en 15 minutos. Mientras tanto, repasad vuestros apuntes.
I’ll be back in 15 minutes. In the meantime, go over your notes.
5.
En teoría, el negocio va muy bien.
In theory, the business is going very well.
6.
En vista de los problemas, he decidido cancelarlo.
In view of the problems, I’ve decided to cancel it.
7.
¿Me lo podrías dar por escrito, por favor?
Could you give it to me in writing please?
8.
Da igual que seas alto o bajo.
It doesn’t matter whether you’re tall or short.
9.
Trae tu agenda por si acaso.
Bring your diary just in case.
10.
Hemos perdido el contacto debido a un malentendido.
We’ve lost contact on account of a misunderstanding.
11.
Sin duda tienes noticia de los cambios recientes.
No doubt you’ve heard about the recent changes.
12.
Lo hice a propósito.
I did it on purpose.
13.
En nombre de la Dirección, quiero expresar su agradecimiento a todos los empleados por los excelentes resultados.
On behalf of the management, I want to thank all the employees for the excellent results.
14.
Tuve un accidente camino de la oficina.
I had an accident on the way to the office.
15.
En términos generales, estoy de acuerdo con el plan.
On the whole, I agree with the plan.
16.
Las cosas están empezando a escapar a nuestro control.
Things are starting to get out of control.
17.
¿Crees que vale la pena?
Do you think it’s worth it?
18.
Me siento algo fuera de lugar aquí.
I feel somewhat out of place here.
19.
Llegaron sanos y salvos.
They arrived safe and sound.
20.
Antes de entrar en esta empresa, yo era autónomo.
Prior to joining this company, I was self-employed.
21.
Tardé mucho en romper el hielo con él.
It took me a long time to break the ice with him.
22.
Estoy dispuesto a hacer lo que sea siempre que sea legal.
I’m willing to do anything as long as it’s legal.
23.
Hasta cierto punto, estoy de acuerdo contigo.
To a certain extent, I agree with you.
24.
Aquello fue la gota que colmó el vaso.
That was the last straw.
25.
¿Quién lleva la voz cantante aquí?
Who runs the show here?
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Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 25
Vaughan
LIST 23 - Common expressions (3)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Tarde o temprano, te arrepentirás de haberlo hecho.
Sooner or later, you’ll regret having done it.
2.
Estuve en contacto con él ayer.
I was in touch with him yesterday.
3.
Siempre les confundo. Se parecen mucho.
I always get them mixed up. They look a lot alike.
4.
Ganaremos más tiempo si se lo mandamos por fax.
We’ll gain more time if we fax it to them.
5.
El proyecto empezó con buen pie.
The project got off to a good start.
6.
El proyecto empezó con mal pie.
The project got off to a bad start.
7.
No puedo deshacerme de este resfriado.
I can’t get rid of this cold.
8.
Vigílale. Personalmente, no me fío de él.
Keep an eye on him. Personally, I don’t trust him.
9.
Ten presente que deben estar listos para mañana.
Keep in mind that they must be ready by tomorrow.
10.
Tendré que recurrir a enchufes para conseguir eso.
I’ll have to pull some strings to get that.
11.
No puedes confiar en él para las cosas importantes.
You can’t rely on him for important things.
12.
Tenemos que recurrir a financiación ajena.
We have to resort to outside financing.
13.
No podemos contratar a más gente por ahora.
We can’t hire any new people for the time being.
14.
Corres el riesgo de perder tu empleo.
You run the risk of losing your job.
15.
Podemos descartar la segunda alternativa.
We can rule out the second alternative.
16.
Tienes que dar ejemplo delante de la gente.
You have to set an example in front of the people.
17.
Déjame ponerte un ejemplo.
Let me give you an example.
18.
Si tienes que competir con él, no tienes posibilidad.
If you have to compete with him, you don’t stand a chance.
19.
Tengo que volver atrás y partir de cero otra vez.
I have to go back and start from scratch again.
20.
Sigamos en contacto.
Let’s stay in touch.
21.
Tengo la costumbre de pensar en voz alta.
I have the habit of thinking out loud.
22.
Tengo algunos cabos sueltos que atar primero.
I have to tie some loose ends first.
23.
No iré a no ser que vengas conmigo.
I won’t go unless you come with me.
24.
Toda empresa tiene sus altibajos.
Every company has its ups and downs.
25.
Mientras que a mí me gusta el helado de chocolate, a mi mujer le gusta el helado de vainilla.
Whereas I like chocolate ice cream, my wife likes vanilla ice cream.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 26
Vaughan
LIST 24 - Common expressions (4)
S Y S T E M S
1.
¡Qué follón!
What a mess!
2.
Él es sin duda la persona más inteligente aquí.
He’s, without a doubt, the most intelligent person here.
3.
Mis ventas han crecido por el “boca a boca”.
My sales have grown by word-of-mouth.
4.
Es tan despistado que se le olvidó su cumpleaños.
He’s so absent-minded that he forgot his birthday.
5.
¿Hasta dónde llegamos con esto ayer?
How far did we get with this yesterday?
6.
Hasta ahora, hemos ganado todos los partidos.
So far we’ve won every game.
7.
La mandé a verte para que la conocieras.
I sent her to see you so that you could meet her.
8.
Lo haré en seguida.
I’ll do it right away.
9.
Según mi secretaria, no hubo llamadas.
According to my secretary, there weren’t any calls.
10.
Soy consciente de las posibles repercusiones.
I’m aware of the possible repercussions.
11.
Estoy confundido en cuanto a quién es quién.
I’m mixed up as to who is who.
12.
Le gusta correr riesgos.
He likes to take risks.
13.
Estamos por delante de la competencia.
We’re ahead of the competition.
14.
Las cosas han ido más allá de mi control.
Things have gone beyond my control.
15.
A propósito, ¿ha venido Paco hoy?
By the way, has Paco come today?
16.
Lo haré a primera hora de la mañana.
I’ll do it first thing in the morning.
17.
Si es necesario, puedo traer a Juan para echarte una mano.
If need be, I can bring John to give you a hand.
18.
En cualquier caso, creo que deberíamos llamarles.
In any event, I think we should call them.
19.
Mi discurso causó el efecto contrario.
My speech caused the opposite effect.
20.
Al contrario, creo que conseguiste lo que querías.
On the contrary, I think you achieved what you wanted.
21.
El partido fue cancelado debido al tiempo.
The game was called off because of the weather.
22.
Les contrataremos a condición de que entreguen la mercancía antes de Navidades.
We’ll contract them provided they deliver the merchandise before Christmas.
23.
Estoy harto de estas listas.
I’m fed up with these lists.
24.
Estoy harto de estas listas.
I’m sick and tired of these lists.
25.
Ya es el colmo. No voy a tratar más con él.
I’ve had it. I’m not going to deal with him anymore.
c
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 27
Vaughan
LIST 25 - Adjective enrichment (1)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Has hecho una evaluación precisa de la situación.
You’ve made an accurate assessment of the situation.
2.
Solo se puede conseguir a largo plazo.
It’s only achievable in the long term.
3.
Dinamarca es una sociedad acomodada.
Denmark is an affluent society.
4.
Dilo en voz alta.
Say it aloud.
5.
Estoy asombrado de tu progreso.
I’m amazed by your progress.
6.
Tu progreso ha sido asombroso.
Your progress has been amazing.
7.
Fue una situación graciosa.
It was an amusing situation.
8.
Ese ruido es muy molesto.
That noise is very annoying.
9.
Fue una experiencia horrible.
It was an awful experience.
10.
Fue una amarga experiencia.
It was a bitter experience.
11.
Mi mujer puede ser muy mandona a veces.
My wife can be very bossy at times.
12.
Tengo amplia experiencia en la enseñanza.
I have broad experience in teaching.
13.
No seas tan descuidado.
Don’t be so careless.
14.
Fue un trabajo que supuso un desafío para mí.
It was a challenging job.
15.
Ella es una mujer con encanto.
She is a charming woman.
16.
Es una chica muy risueña.
She is a cheerful girl.
17.
Hace un poco de frío hoy.
It’s a little chilly today.
18.
Él es una persona de mente cerrada.
He’s a closed-minded person.
19.
Estoy preocupado por las ventas.
I’m concerned about sales.
20.
Tengo confianza en el futuro.
I’m confident about the future.
21.
El lugar estaba muy abarrotado.
The place was very crowded.
22.
Esa fue una decisión muy atrevida.
It was a very daring decision.
23.
Estarían encantados de tenerte en su equipo.
They would be delighted to have you on their team.
24.
Ha sido una velada encantadora.
It’s been a delightful evening.
25.
Ella es una persona muy merecedora.
She’s a very deserving person.
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PAGE 28
Vaughan
LIST 26 - Adjective enrichment (2)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Solo contratamos a personas discapacitadas.
We only hire disabled people.
2.
Todo el mundo parece desanimado por aquí.
Everybody seems dejected around here.
3.
Los resultados podrían ser desalentadores.
The results could be discouraging.
4.
Estoy decepcionado con los resultados.
I’m disappointed with the results.
5.
Los resultados han sido decepcionantes.
The results have been disappointing.
6.
El desenlace final es dudoso.
The final outcome is doubtful.
7.
El resto del camino es cuesta abajo.
The rest of the way is downhill.
8.
El discurso fue aburrido.
The speech was dull.
9.
Me siento tonto cuando trato de hablar alemán.
I feel dumb when I try to speak German.
10.
Estoy ansioso de conocer los resultados.
I’m eager to know the results.
11.
Me siento un poco violento cuando hablo alemán.
I feel a little embarrassed when I speak German.
12.
Fue una situación violenta.
It was an embarrassing situation.
13.
Los resultados son alentadores.
The results are encouraging.
14.
Hemos sufrido una cadena interminable de retrasos.
We’ve suffered an endless chain of delays.
15.
Hemos pasado una velada muy agradable.
We’ve spent a very enjoyable evening.
16.
Estoy completamente agotado.
I’m completely exhausted.
17.
No creo que hayas sido justo en esta decisión.
I don’t think you’ve been fair in that decision.
18.
Somos fieles a los principios de nuestro fundador.
We are faithful to the principles of our founder.
19.
Este plan no es económicamente viable.
The plan isn’t feasible.
20.
Esta habitación está horriblemente sucia.
This room is filthy.
21.
Ese hombre está forrado de dinero.
That man is filthy rich.
22.
Necesito un intérprete de primera.
I need a first-rate interpreter.
23.
El sótano está inundado.
The basement is flooded.
24.
Soy plenamente consciente del problema.
I’m fully aware of the problem.
25.
Ella es una niña superdotada.
She’s a gifted girl.
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Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
PAGE 29
Vaughan
LIST 27 - Adjective enrichment (3)
S Y S T E M S
1.
Él es un chico muy guapo.
He’s a very good-looking boy.
2.
No estoy dispuesto a apoyarles.
I’m not willing to support them.
3.
Estoy muy agradecido por tu ayuda.
I’m very grateful for your help.
4.
Él es de una familia adinerada.
He’s from a wealthy family.
5.
No seas avaro.
Don’t be greedy.
6.
Es un hombre muy apuesto.
He’s a very handsome man.
7.
No me gustan los teléfonos móviles, pero a veces resultan útiles.
I don’t like mobile phones, but they come in handy at times.
8.
Soy un poco duro de oído.
I’m a little hard of hearing.
9.
Esto podría ser perjudicial para mis intereses.
This could be harmful to my interests.
10.
Él es una persona muy trabajadora.
He’s a very hard-working person.
11.
No te preocupes por mi jefe. Grita mucho pero es inofensivo.
Don’t worry about my boss. He shouts a lot but he’s harmless.
12.
Ha sido un día ajetreado.
It’s been a hectic day.
13.
Esta información ha sido de mucha ayuda.
This information has been very helpful.
14.
Me siento desamparado ante esta situación.
I feel helpless in the face of this situation.
15.
Soy un poco reacio a iniciar el plan ahora.
I’m a little hesitant to initiate the plan now.
16.
Estoy afónico hoy.
I’m hoarse today.
17.
Estamos en una situación desesperada.
We are in a hopeless situation.
18.
Hemos recibido un pedido enorme.
We’ve received a huge order.
19.
Tienes que ser humilde y decidido al mismo tiempo.
You have to be humble and self-confident at the same time.
20.
Tenemos que reducir el tiempo de espera.
We have to reduce idle time.
21.
Él es un conocido periodista.
He’s a well-known journalist.
22.
Ella es una persona muy celosa.
She’s a very jealous person.
23.
Él es un vago.
He’s a lazy person.
24.
Mi secretaria es zurda.
My secretary is left-handed.
25.
No es muy probable que vengan aquí hoy.
It’s not very likely that they will come here today.
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PAGE 30
Vaughan
List 28
S Y S T E M S
1.
FLECHA
ARROW
2.
POR CIERTO, A PROPÓSITO
BY THE WAY
3.
PAÑUELO
HANDKERCHIEF
4.
SIN EMBARGO
HOWEVER
5.
PROBABILIDAD
LIKELIHOOD
6.
IMÁN
MAGNET
7.
TORTILLA
OMELET
8.
REEMBOLSO
REFUND
9.
RELACIONADO
RELATED
10.
ESCASO
SCARCE
11.
SENSIBLE
SENSITIVE
12.
ARAÑA
SPIDER
13.
PROVISIONAL, TEMPORAL
TENTATIVE
14.
TERRITORIO
TERRITORY
15.
ESTAR DE BUEN HUMOR
TO BE IN A GOOD MOOD
16.
SOPORTAR, AGUANTAR
TO BEAR
17.
DESCANSAR
TO REST
18.
JUBILARSE
TO RETIRE
19.
RASCAR, ARAÑAR
TO SCRATCH
20.
FIRMAR
TO SIGN
21.
ESTIRAR
TO STRETCH
22.
FORMAR, ENTRENAR
TO TRAIN
23.
SILBAR
TO WHISTLE
24.
TOALLA
TOWEL
25.
DISGUSTADO
UPSET
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PAGE 31
Vaughan
List 29
S Y S T E M S
1.
EFICAZ
EFFECTIVE
2.
LESIÓN
INJURY
3.
DA IGUAL
IT DOESN’T MATTER
4.
NO VALE LA PENA
IT’S NOT WORTH IT
5.
POR SI ACASO
JUST IN CASE
6.
AVERÍA
BREAKDOWN, MALFUNCTION
7.
EN GENERAL
ON THE WHOLE
8.
PERSEVERANTE
PERSEVERING
9.
OBRA DE TEATRO
PLAY
10.
INDEPENDIENTEMENTE DE
REGARDLESS OF
11.
COMENTARIO (CON CRÍTICA)
REMARK
12.
COMPAÑERO DE HABITACIÓN
ROOMMATE
13.
SARCASMO
SARCASM
14.
CULEBRA
SNAKE
15.
ETAPA
STAGE
16.
LOS AÑOS CINCUENTA
THE FIFTIES
17.
COOPERAR
TO COOPERATE
18.
FINANCIAR
TO FINANCE
19.
INFLUIR EN
TO INFLUENCE
20.
RECONOCER
TO RECOGNIZE
21.
DAR LA MANO
TO SHAKE HANDS
22.
DESACELERAR, IR MAS DESPACIO
TO SLOW DOWN
23.
TRADUCIR
TO TRANSLATE
24.
CONFIAR EN, FIARSE DE
TO TRUST
25.
VOLUNTAD
WILL
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PAGE 32
Vaughan
List 30
S Y S T E M S
1.
AGRADECIMIENTO
APPRECIATION
2.
CUESTA ABAJO
DOWNHILL
3.
DE VEZ EN CUANDO
EVERY ONCE IN A WHILE
4.
NO TIENE SENTIDO
IT DOESN’T MAKE SENSE
5.
PROBABLE
LIKELY
6.
FUERZA LABORAL
MANPOWER
7.
MÁXIMO
MAXIMUM
8.
PESADILLA
NIGHTMARE
9.
OPTIMISTA
OPTIMISTIC
10.
PASTILLA
PILL
11.
PERFIL
PROFILE
12.
RELACIÓN
RELATIONSHIP
13.
ASEO (EN LUGARES PUBLICOS)
RESTROOM
14.
ENCUESTA, SONDEO
SURVEY
15.
EL POLO NORTE
THE NORTH POLE
16.
EL POLO SUR
THE SOUTH POLE
17.
NOMBRAR
TO APPOINT
18.
VALORAR
TO ASSESS
19.
CARECER DE, FALTAR
TO LACK
20.
LOCALIZAR
TO LOCATE
21.
ESPERAR CON ILUSIÓN
TO LOOK FORWARD TO
22.
MEDIR
TO MEASURE
23.
INTRODUCIR EN FASES
TO PHASE IN
24.
LUCHAR
TO STRUGGLE
25.
SOBREVIVIR
TO SURVIVE
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PAGE 33
Vaughan
List 31
S Y S T E M S
1.
BENEFICIOSO
BENEFICIAL
2.
COMPARACIÓN
COMPARISON
3.
SABOR
FLAVOR
4.
IMPRESIONANTE
IMPRESSIVE
5.
FABRICACIÓN
MANUFACTURING
6.
MEDIDA, MEDICIÓN
MEASUREMENT
7.
FUERA DE CONTROL
OUT OF CONTROL
8.
MÉDICO
PHYSICIAN
9.
BENEFICIO Y PÉRDIDA
PROFIT AND LOSS
10.
RECIBO
RECEIPT
11.
FIABILIDAD
RELIABILITY
12.
INGRESOS
REVENUE
13.
RECTO
STRAIGHT
14.
FUERZA
STRENGTH
15.
TEÓRICO
THEORETICAL
16.
AUTORIZAR
TO AUTHORIZE
17.
SER CONSCIENTE DE
TO BE AWARE OF
18.
SER OPTIMISTA
TO BE OPTIMISTIC
19.
ENGAÑAR
TO DECEIVE
20.
EVOLUCIONAR, DESARROLLAR
TO EVOLVE
21.
CABER, AJUSTARSE
TO FIT
22.
VOLVERSE LOCO
TO GO CRAZY
23.
PASAR POR ALTO
TO OVERLOOK
24.
ECHAR LA SIESTA
TO TAKE A NAP
25.
ACOSTUMBRADO A
USED TO
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Vaughan
List 32
S Y S T E M S
1.
CITA, COMPROMISO
APPOINTMENT
2.
ENORME
HUGE
3.
MASACRE
MASSACRE
4.
MEDIOCRE
MEDIOCRE
5.
EN ABSOLUTO
NOT AT ALL
6.
AGOTADO (NO EN EXISTENCIA)
OUT OF STOCK
7.
MONTÓN
PILE
8.
PROMETEDOR
PROMISING
9.
ADECUADO, APROPIADO
PROPER
10.
PROPUESTA
PROPOSAL
11.
ARROZ
RICE
12.
SATISFECHO
SATISFIED
13.
HOMBRO
SHOULDER
14.
AMENAZA
THREAT
15.
POR LO TANTO
THUS
16.
ACONSEJAR, ASESORAR
TO ADVISE
17.
BENEFICIARSE DE
TO BENEFIT FROM
18.
RETRASAR, DEMORAR
TO DELAY
19.
PREVER, HACER UNA PREVISIÓN
TO FORECAST
20.
LLEVARSE BIEN CON
TO GET ALONG WITH
21.
RECOGER
TO PICK UP
22.
DEPENDER DE, CONFIAR EN
TO RELY ON
23.
AFEITARSE
TO SHAVE
24.
TRAMPA
TRAP
25.
TESTIGO
WITNESS
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PAGE 35
Vaughan
List 33
S Y S T E M S
1.
UNA AMPLIA GAMA
A WIDE RANGE
2.
CLIENTE
CUSTOMER
3.
EXIGENTE
DEMANDING
4.
AGOTADO
EXHAUSTED
5.
EN TODO CASO
IN ANY CASE
6.
GANADO (VACUNO, LANAR, ETC.)
LIVESTOCK
7.
DOMINIO
MASTERY
8.
HORNO
OVEN
9.
BENEFICIOS (ECONÓMICOS)
PROFITS
10.
PERSPECTIVAS
PROSPECTS
11.
PAPEL
ROLE
12.
RUGOSO, ASPERO, TURBULENTO
ROUGH
13.
MARINO, MARINERO
SAILOR
14.
LA EDAD MEDIA
THE MIDDLE AGES
15.
ANALIZAR
TO ANALYZE
16.
SOLICITAR
TO APPLY FOR
17.
ASEGURAR
TO ASSURE
18.
COMPORTARSE
TO BEHAVE
19.
COLABORAR
TO COLLABORATE
20.
ASUSTAR
TO FRIGHTEN
21.
PASÁRSELO BIEN
TO HAVE A GOOD TIME
22.
TOMAR UNA DECISIÓN
TO MAKE A DECISION
23.
COLOCAR
TO PLACE
24.
PRESIONAR
TO PRESSURE
25.
INCONSCIENTE
UNCONSCIOUS
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PAGE 36
Vaughan
List 34
S Y S T E M S
1.
QUE YO SEPA
AS FAR AS I KNOW
2.
FECHA TOPE, PLAZO
DEADLINE
3.
A LARGO PLAZO
LONG-TERM
4.
SIN IMPORTANCIA, INSIGNIFICATIVO
MEANINGLESS
5.
EN ULTRAMAR
OVERSEAS
6.
DOLOR
PAIN
7.
REPUTACIÓN
REPUTATION
8.
RAÍZ
ROOT
9.
ESCÉPTICO
SKEPTICAL
10.
ÉXITO
SUCCESS
11.
BLANCO, DIANA, OBJETIVO
TARGET
12.
EL COSTE DE LA VIDA
THE COST OF LIVING
13.
SUMAR
TO ADD UP
14.
CULPAR, ECHAR LA CULPA A
TO BLAME
15.
CONTRIBUIR
TO CONTRIBUTE
16.
DESANIMAR
TO DISCOURAGE
17.
ANIMAR, ALENTAR
TO ENCOURAGE
18.
MATAR TIEMPO
TO KILL TIME
19.
RECORDAR (RECORDARLE A OTRO)
TO REMIND
20.
SOSPECHAR
TO SUSPECT
21.
ACTUALIZAR
TO UPDATE
22.
DIGNO DE CONFIANZA
TRUSTWORTHY
23.
INSATISFACTORIO
UNSATISFACTORY
24.
TRIGO
WHEAT
25.
DISPUESTO
WILLING
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PAGE 37
Vaughan
List 35
S Y S T E M S
1.
CONFIANZA
CONFIDENCE
2.
INSTALACIONES
FACILITIES
3.
INVERSIÓN
INVESTMENT
4.
HIERRO
IRON
5.
FUSIÓN (DE EMPRESAS)
MERGER
6.
DE MENTE ABIERTA
OPEN-MINDED
7.
CLIP
PAPER CLIP
8.
CONTENTO
PLEASED
9.
POTENTE, PODEROSO
POWERFUL
10.
OCURRENTE, LISTO, PERSPICAZ
QUICK-WITTED
11.
FIABLE
RELIABLE
12.
VIAJE DE IDA Y VUELTA
ROUND TRIP
13.
TENER EN CUENTA
TO BEAR IN MIND
14.
RESERVAR (MESA, HOTEL, ETC.)
TO BOOK
15.
CANCELAR
TO CALL OFF
16.
LLEVAR A CABO
TO CARRY OUT
17.
APLASTAR
TO CRUSH
18.
PONERSE NERVIOSO
TO GET NERVOUS
19.
REVISAR, REPASAR
TO LOOK OVER
20.
NOTAR
TO NOTICE
21.
PARECERSE A
TO RESEMBLE
22.
DAR POR SENTADO
TO TAKE FOR GRANTED
23.
INJUSTO
UNFAIR
24.
ALTIBAJOS
UPS AND DOWNS
25.
CERA
WAX
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PAGE 38
Vaughan
List 36
S Y S T E M S
1.
DISPONIBLE
AVAILABLE
2.
JUSTO
FAIR
3.
PÉRDIDA
LOSS
4.
SUAVE, TEMPLADO
MILD
5.
ATAQUE NERVIOSO
NERVOUS BREAKDOWN
6.
A TIEMPO PARCIAL
PART TIME
7.
LLUVIOSO
RAINY
8.
DIMISIÓN
RESIGNATION
9.
GOMA, CAUCHO
RUBBER
10.
TÍMIDO
SHY
11.
PAPEL CELO, CINTA
TAPE
12.
AZULEJOS
TILE
13.
LOGRAR
TO ACHIEVE
14.
CLARIFICAR
TO CLARIFY
15.
CONTAR CON
TO COUNT ON
16.
DISEÑAR
TO DESIGN
17.
ELABORAR, CONFECCIONAR
TO DRAW UP
18.
PARECERSE
TO LOOK ALIKE
19.
COMETER FALTAS DE ORTOGRAFÍA
TO MISSPELL
20.
ALIVIAR
TO RELIEVE
21.
VARIAR
TO VARY
22.
PESAR
TO WEIGH
23.
VALIOSO
VALUABLE
24.
PUNTO DE VISTA
VIEWPOINT
25.
SIN DUDA
WITHOUT A DOUBT
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PAGE 39
Vaughan
List 37
S Y S T E M S
1.
EN VOZ ALTA
ALOUD
2.
BASADO EN
BASED ON
3.
DINERO EN METALICO
CASH
4.
O SEA, EN OTRAS PALABRAS
IN OTHER WORDS
5.
MODESTIA
MODESTY
6.
NÓMINA
PAYROLL
7.
INGENIOSO, QUE TIENE RECURSOS
RESOURCEFUL
8.
VENDEDOR
SALESPERSON
9.
DOLOR DE GARGANTA
SORE THROAT
10.
SER ABURRIDO
TO BE BORING
11.
CONVENCER
TO CONVINCE
12.
MERECER
TO DESERVE
13.
ESTAR EN DESACUERDO
TO DISAGREE
14.
DESPEDIR
TO DISMISS
15.
PERMITIR, POSIBILITAR
TO ENABLE
16.
CONTRATAR (A EMPLEADOS)
TO HIRE
17.
MALTRATAR
TO MISTREAT
18.
POSPONER, APLAZAR
TO POSTPONE
19.
DEMOSTRAR
TO PROVE
20.
CLASIFICAR, VALORAR
TO RATE
21.
ARREPENTIRSE
TO REGRET
22.
SATISFACER
TO SATISFY
23.
RIZAR EL RIZO
TO SPLIT HAIRS
24.
ATAR CABOS SUELTOS
TO TIE LOOSE ENDS
25.
ALIANZA DE BODAS
WEDDING RING
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PAGE 40
Vaughan
List 38
S Y S T E M S
1.
PAYASO
CLOWN
2.
COMPROMISO
COMMITMENT
3.
PERICIA, HABILIDAD
EXPERTISE
4.
HIPOTECA
MORTGAGE
5.
HOY EN DÍA
NOWADAYS
6.
DE OTRO MODO, SI NO
OTHERWISE
7.
CACAHUETES
PEANUTS
8.
MUESTRA
SAMPLE
9.
HASTA CIERTO PUNTO
TO A CERTAIN EXTENT
10.
APOSTAR
TO BET
11.
DUDAR
TO DOUBT
12.
ARRASTRAR
TO DRAG
13.
REALZAR
TO ENHANCE
14.
PERDONAR
TO FORGIVE
15.
LIARSE, CONFUNDIRSE
TO GET MIXED UP
16.
REUNIRSE (INFORMALMENTE)
TO GET TOGETHER
17.
HACER DAÑO, PERJUDICAR
TO HURT
18.
RESTRINGIR
TO RESTRICT
19.
ASUSTAR
TO SCARE
20.
SUGERIR
TO SUGGEST
21.
RETIRAR
TO WITHDRAW
22.
ADVERTENCIA
WARNING
23.
ADINERADO
WEALTHY
24.
PESO
WEIGHT
25.
BIEN INFORMADO
WELL-INFORMED
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PAGE 41
Vaughan
List 39
S Y S T E M S
1.
CRITERIOS
CRITERIA
2.
EN VEZ DE
INSTEAD OF
3.
VOLUBLE, CAMBIA MUCHO DE HUMOR
MOODY
4.
MEJILLONES
MUSSELS
5.
¡NO ME EXTRAÑA QUE...!
NO WONDER ... !
6.
EN LAS AFUERAS
ON THE OUTSKIRTS
7.
PERSUASIVO
PERSUASIVE
8.
ORGULLOSO
PROUD
9.
I+D (INVESTIGACIÓN Y DESARROLLO)
R&D
10.
VENGANZA
REVENGE
11.
CUENTA DE AHORRO
SAVINGS ACCOUNT
12.
CENTRO COMERCIAL
SHOPPING CENTER
13.
SUPONER
TO ASSUME
14.
ASEGURAR
TO ENSURE
15.
FACILITAR
TO FACILITATE
16.
ENTORPECER, PONER TRABAS
TO HINDER
17.
IMPRESIONAR
TO IMPRESS
18.
INVOLUCRAR
TO INVOLVE
19.
HACER BAJAR
TO LOWER
20.
ELOGIAR, ALABAR
TO PRAISE
21.
REACCIONAR
TO REACT
22.
DIRIGIR (COMPAÑÍA O DPTO.)
TO RUN
23.
AHORRAR
TO SAVE
24.
OLAS
WAVES
25.
BIEN HECHO (UN OBJETO)
WELL-MADE
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PAGE 42
Vaughan
List 40
S Y S T E M S
1.
ELECCIÓN
CHOICE
2.
CIERVO
DEER
3.
DESVENTAJA
DISADVANTAGE
4.
FRACASO
FAILURE
5.
ES UNA PÉRDIDA DE TIEMPO
IT’S POINTLESS
6.
PRINCIPALMENTE
MAINLY
7.
MUTUAMENTE
MUTUALLY
8.
GLOBAL, TOTAL
OVERALL
9.
RITMO
PACE
10.
REALISTA
REALISTIC
11.
ESCASEZ
SCARCITY
12.
CONFIANZA EN UNO MISMO
SELF-CONFIDENCE
13.
RASCACIELOS
SKYSCRAPER
14.
RETAR, DESAFIAR
TO CHALLENGE
15.
ENTREGAR
TO DELIVER
16.
CADUCAR
TO EXPIRE
17.
DOBLAR, PLEGAR
TO FOLD
18.
DAR UN PASEO
TO GO FOR A WALK
19.
SUJETAR, SOSTENER
TO HOLD
20.
COMPLACER, AGRADAR
TO PLEASE
21.
PRECEDER
TO PRECEDE
22.
PROPORCIONAR
TO PROVIDE
23.
SUDAR
TO SWEAT
24.
INÚTIL
USELESS
25.
BIEN PLANIFICADO
WELL-PLANNED
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PAGE 43
Vaughan
List 41
S Y S T E M S
1.
DESALENTADOR
DISCOURAGING
2.
SUPONGO QUE SÍ
I GUESS SO
3.
A PESAR DE
IN SPITE OF
4.
CRUCE (DE CALLES)
INTERSECTION
5.
SIESTA
NAP
6.
INGENUO
NAÏVE
7.
A PROPÓSITO
ON PURPOSE
8.
DOLOROSO
PAINFUL
9.
RETRATO
PORTRAIT
10.
TASA
RATE
11.
SEGURO DE SÍ MISMO
SELF-CONFIDENT
12.
APRETADO
TIGHT
13.
DISCUTIR (ACALORADAMENTE)
TO ARGUE
14.
REPARAR, ARREGLAR
TO FIX
15.
PERDERSE
TO GET LOST
16.
DAR UN PASEO (EN COCHE)
TO GO FOR A DRIVE
17.
DAR A ENTENDER, IMPLICAR
TO IMPLY
18.
PREDECIR
TO PREDICT
19.
TRANQUILIZAR
TO REASSURE
20.
RESUMIR
TO SUMMARIZE
21.
APROVECHAR
TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF
22.
APUNTAR (ESCRIBIENDO)
TO WRITE DOWN
23.
TENDENCIA
TREND
24.
BIENESTAR
WELFARE
25.
SILLA DE RUEDAS
WHEELCHAIR
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PAGE 44
Vaughan
List 42
S Y S T E M S
1.
AVERGONZADO
ASHAMED
2.
DIRECTRICES
GUIDELINES
3.
DE MENTE ESTRECHA
NARROW-MINDED
4.
NEGLIGENCIA
NEGLIGENCE
5.
POBREZA
POVERTY
6.
RECETA (MÉDICA)
PRESCRIPTION
7.
CRUDO, NO COCINADO
RAW
8.
REQUISITOS
REQUIREMENTS
9.
APRÓXIMADAMENTE
ROUGHLY
10.
MAL EDUCADO
RUDE
11.
PAISAJE
SCENERY
12.
AUTÓNOMO (TRABAJADOR)
SELF-EMPLOYED
13.
DESDE CUANDO
SINCE WHEN
14.
ESTAR ABURRIDO
TO BE BORED
15.
TENER GANAS DE
TO FEEL LIKE
16.
HEREDAR
TO INHERIT
17.
INSTALAR
TO INSTALL
18.
DEBER (DINERO, UN FAVOR, ETC.)
TO OWE
19.
AMENAZAR
TO THREATEN
20.
DESAGRADABLE
UNPLEASANT
21.
IMPOPULAR
UNPOPULAR
22.
VOLUMEN
VOLUME
23.
BODA
WEDDING
24.
CAPRICHO
WHIM
25.
SABIDURÍA
WISDOM
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PAGE 45
Presentations & Public Speaking
Telephoning and conference calls Vocabulary for dealing with questions Interview evaluation sheet Vocabulary for business English
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
TELEPHONE EXPRESSIONS
This is Sonia.
Answering a call
Sonia speaking. How can I help you?
(Not 'I am Sonia!')
Excuse me, who's calling please?
Asking who is on the telephone
May I ask who's speaking? Who shall I say is calling?
(Not 'Who is this?')
Could you please tell me the number of your Madrid branch?
Asking for a number
Could you give me the number of the Human Resources department? Do you have the number for....?
Is this the Customer Service Department? Could I speak to...
Asking for someone
Is Maria there/in? Could you put me through to Extension 123? Can I have Extension 123?
I'll just put you through.
Connecting someone
Can you hold the line? Can you hold on a minute/moment? Hold please.
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PAGE 47
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
TELEPHONE EXPRESSIONS
I'm afraid Mar ia is not available at the moment.
When someone is not available
Maria's out/away at the moment... The line is busy; could you call back later?
Taking a message
Leaving a message
Can/Could/May I take a message? Would you like to leave a message?
Could I leave a message for her? Could you pass on a message to Sonia for me please?
Have I got this straight? Have I got that right?
Checking information
Let me just check the details... Just to confirm, you are arriving on the 27th, is that right?
I'm sorr y, this connection is terrible. Could you repeat that please?
Problems with the line
I think there's some interference on the line. I'm sorr y, I think we got cut off just then. You're breaking up – do you have a land line I could call you on?
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PAGE 48
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
TELEPHONE EXPRESSIONS
Thank you for calling. Is there anything else I can help you with?
Ending a call
Very nice to talk to you. If there's anything else , you can reach me on my mobile/ my extension is 8893. Talk to you again soon.
Add any further sentences you can think of…
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PAGE 49
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
EXPRESSIONS FOR DEALING WITH QUESTIONS
Do you mind if I ask you whether… Could you tell me if…
Asking Questions – Polite
I’d be interested to know… I’d like to know … Would you mind telling me/us about…
Please do/ Go ahead/Certainly.
Answering Polite Questions
That’s a good point. That’s an interesting question. I’m glad you asked me/raised that.
Statement Questions
Make a statement with a question intonation or a question tag.
E.g. - “The project won’t be �nished on time?” Or “We’ve underestimated the budget, haven’t we?”
If you want to contradict a statement question, use ‘actually’ or ‘as a matter of fact.’
Contradicting a Statement Question
E.g. - “We’ve underestimated the budget, haven’t we? Actually, we’re right on target.” Or “The project won’t be �nished on time? As a matter of fact, we expect to have completed the work by next week.”
I'd like to reassure you about that.
Giving Reassurance
There is no need for concern on that point. You need have no worries on that front. I can understand your concern but...
Add any further sentences you can think of…
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PAGE 50
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
INTERVIEW EVALUATION SHEET 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
c
STAR ST ART T OF TH THEE INTE INTER RVI VIEW EW * Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Verbal Communication (What is said)
1
2
3
4
5
* Non-verbal Communication (How it is said)
1
2
3
4
5
TELL TE LL ME ME A BIT BIT AB ABOU OUT T YOU OURS RSEL ELFF
HOW HO W DID YOU FIND FIND OUT ABO ABOUT UT THI THISS POSITIO POSITION? N?
ACHIEVEMENTS
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
WHA WH AT ARE YOUR LONG LONG-TE -TERM RM CAREER CAREER PLAN PLANS? S?
WHY SHOU SHOULD LD WE CHOO CHOOSE SE YOU OU??
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PAGE 51
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
VOCABULARY VOCABULAR Y FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Let’s get down to business.
Beginning
Shall we make a start? I’d like to begin by… There are three points I’d like to make.
As you’ll see from the agenda…
Ordering
To begin with… I suggest we take this item first. Let’s start by looking at the issue of…
Turning to…
Introducing a new point
Moving on to… Turning our attention to… Let’s now focus on…
In addition…
Adding
Additionally We should also think about…
Let me give an example…
Giving an example
To illustrate illustr ate this point, let’s consider… Let’s look at the case of… A case in point is…
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PAGE 52
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
VOCABULARY VOCABULAR Y FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
On the one hand,... but on the other hand... Although..., we must remember that...
Weighing up an idea
Even though..., we should still bear in mind that... In spite of..., I still think that... Despite the fact that..., we mustn’t forget that...
By and large... All in all...
Generalising
Most of the time... On the whole... In general... Generally speaking...
Let me emphasize...
Emphasizing
Can I just draw your attention to...? I’d like to point out...
I’d prefer... to...
Stating preference
I’d rather... I tend to favour... as opposed to...
Let me wrap up by saying...
Concluding
Let me conclude with... I would like to conclude my comments by... by...
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PAGE 53
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
VOCABULARY VOCABULAR Y FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
What do you think?
Asking for an opinion
What’s your opinion? What’s your position on...? What are your views/ thoughts on...?
I strongly/firmly/really believe that... I really feel that...
Giving a strong opinion
I am (absolutely) convinced... There can be no question that... It’s quite/crystal clear that... I’m certain/positive that...
In my opinion, we should… As I see it…
Giving an opinion
As far as I’m concerned… From my perspective/point of view… In my view…
As far as I know/ am able to judge...
Giving a weak opinion
It strikes me/ seems to me that... I would say that... I think it could be argued that...
I see what you mean.
Commenting on opinions
That’s an interesting point. That does need to be considered.
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PAGE 54
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Perhaps we’re missing the point.
Relevance
We’re getting off the point. Shall we get back to the point?
We haven’t heard from… I’d like to get your view…
Giving someone the opportunity to speak
Can we hear what…has to say? I would like to invite…to present his views on… Would you care to comment? I think…would like to make a point. Let’s hear from…
So, to sum up… If I could just sum up the discussion… In short…
Summarizing
In brief… The main points that have been made are… The matter as it stands is… Just to review the main points so far…
I’m 100% behind you.
Strong agreement
I entirely agree with you. I’m of exactly the same opinion. I’m in total agreement/accord.
I agree.
Neutral agreement
I see your point. I think we are in agreement on that. I think you’re right.
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PAGE 55
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
I agree, but… I’m not against it, but… Up to a point, I agree with you.
Tentative agreement
I would tend to agree with you on that. I agree in principle, but… I agree with you on the whole, but it could be argued/said that… I totally/completely disagree with you. I don’t agree at all. I couldn’t agree less.
Strong disagreement
You’re completely in error/mistaken. I could never agree to that. What you are saying is unfeasible/ impossible. You must be joking/ kidding!
Frankly…
Polite strong disagreement
To be blunt… Bluntly… With (all due) respect…
I really can’t agree with you about… I can’t say I share your views on…
Tentative disagreement
I’m not convinced about… I think we need more time to consider… There are two sides to the argument…
I understand your point, but…
Polite disagreement
I can see why you think that, but… I can see what you’re getting at, but…
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PAGE 56
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
There are other considerations which must be taken into account. For example…
Adding information
Seen from one angle/perspective/point of view… I wonder if you’ve considered… There are certain aspects we must bear/keep in mind… I don’t know if you’re aware of… Have you considered…? Has it occurred to you that...?
Asking questions
Do you realize/know that…? Wouldn’t you agree that…? Shouldn’t we consider…? I was wondering if you’d looked at…?
I have some reservations about...
Expressing concern or reservation
I'm (rather/a little/somewhat) concerned/worried about... I'm afraid that... I can't help feeling that...
There's absolutely no cause for concern about... I can assure you...
Reassuring
Let me assure you... I/we understand/share/appreciate your concern about...
I think we can disregard…
Playing something down
I don’t think we need to focus too much on… These are minor issues when one considers…
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PAGE 57
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Excuse me, may I interrupt here?
Interrupting
Just a moment... Can I say something here? Sorry to interrupt/ butt in...
Could I come in at this point? If I could just say something here...
Joining in
If it's alright with everyone, I'd like to take this opportunity to... I have a point to make here. I think I have something to add which could be relevant.
As I was saying...
Coming back to a point after an interruption
Coming back to what I was saying... To resume... To return to...
If I could return to the point I was making... I'll come to that in a moment.
Preventing an interruption
Just let me finish. Just wait a moment... If I might just finish... If you would be so kind as to let me finish...
Before we begin the discussion, I'd just like to say...
Stopping interruptions before they happen
If I could briefly outline three points... I have two points I'd like to make Very briefly... Firstly, I'd like to... and then I would like to...
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PAGE 58
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
Can/could/may I just ask you...? I was wondering if you could...?
Asking general questions
Could you tell us...? What sor t of... I'd be interested to know... Perhaps you could tell us...
Did you...? Is there...?
Asking closed / leading questions
Have you...? Are you going/planning to...? Will there be...?
What exactly do you mean by...
Probing questions
Could you tell us a little more about... Could you go into a little more detail about...
So you're worried about...? If I understand you correctly...?
Paraphrasing
You feel that...? Let me see if I've understood you. You want to... Let me make sure I follow. You feel that...
Could you run that by us again please?
Asking for repetition
I'm afraid I don't quite follow. Could you repeat that? Would you mind going over that again, please? I'm afraid I don't see what you mean.
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PAGE 59
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
There seems to have been a slight misunderstanding.
Correcting misunderstandings
That isn't quite what I meant. Sorr y, perhaps I didn't make myself clear. What I was trying to say is that....
That's an interesting question.
Giving yourself time to think of an answer
I'm glad you asked me that. Obviously, there are a lot of issues to consider. That's a difficult question to answer. You have raised a good point there.
I'm (100%) certain that...
Being certain
I'm (absolutely) sure that... There's no doubt...
I'm fairly sure that... I'm almost certain that...
Being fairly sure
It's quite likely that... It's fairly probable that... Probably...
It's possible that...
Being unsure
It's not impossible that... There is a possibilty that...
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PAGE 60
Vaughan
Public Speaking
S Y S T E M S
VOCABULARY FOR BUSINESS ENGLISH
It's very unlikely that... I don't think there's any chance that...
Thinking something is unlikely
It seems highly unlikely that... It is highly improbable that... There's very little likelihood of...
I'm not sure/certain that...
Being uncertain
I have doubts about... I'm uncertain about...
We are prepared to...on condition that... We will concede...if you compromise on...
Bargaining
I think we could...provided that... We are willing to...on the understanding that ... We are ready to...as long as...
Would that be acceptable?
Con�rming acceptability
Does that seem satisfactory? Is that an acceptable compromise? We hope that this will be acceptable.
I don't think we could agree to that, unless...
Accepting a bargain
We wouldn't be prepared to..., unless... We'd be reluctant to...unless...
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PAGE 61
Appendices Cloverdale’s Characters Sudoku Inglés Most Common Irregular Verbs Pronunciation of Common Regular Verbs Common Errors by Spanish Speakers
Cloverdale’s Characters
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
Philip Johnson Yesterday, Phillip Johnson had a busy morning. He usually gets up at 7:30 every morning, but yesterday he got up at 7:00 because his wife, Nancy, had to leave home very early to take a report to a client of hers 70 miles from Lincoln. Nancy left home at 7:25 and Phillip made breakfast for himself and for the children. Usually Nancy makes breakfast for all three, but yesterday was an exception. Phillip took a shower and had breakfast before the children got up. He prepared fried eggs and toast for Michael and Denise and at 8:30 he took them to school. He got to the office at ten minutes past nine. He had three meetings during the morning. The first one was at 10 o’clock with the bank’s lawyer.They discussed a problem with an important client who wanted to suspend payments on a loan. They decided to wait until the meeting of the bank’s Board of Directors to make a final
best in Nebraska and Phillip knew the man
department. He went to lunch with the chief
decision. At 11:30, he received the owner of
very well and trusted him. At 12:00, Phillip
commercial officer at 12:30.They had lunch in
a ceramic factory near Lincoln. The man
met with the chief commercial officer of the
a small restaurant near the office.
needed $500,000 to add a new building to
bank to discuss a salary question concerning
his factory. The ceramic factory was one the
one of the employees in the commercial
1. Did Phillip have a busy morning yesterday?
14. What time did he leave home?
2.
15. Did he leave home alone?
28. What did they decide to do?
3. What time did he get up?
16. Who did he leave home with?
29. What time was his second meeting?
4.
17. Why did he leave home with his children?
30. Who did Phillip receive?
5. Why did he get up earlier than usual?
18. What time did he get to the office?
31. How much money did the man need?
6.
32. What did he need the money for?
7. How far was the client from their home?
19. Did he have any meetings during the morning?
8.
20. How many meetings did he have?
33. What can you say about the ceramic factory?
9. Who prepared breakfast for Phillip?
21. Was the first meeting at 9:30?
34. What was Phillip’s relationship with the man?
10. Who usually makes breakfast?
22. What time was the first meeting?
35. Who did Phillip meet with at 12 o’clock?
11. Was yesterday an exception?
23. Was the meeting with a salesman?
36. What did they discuss?
12. What did Phillip do before the children
24. Who was the first meeting with?
37. How long did the meeting last?
25. Did they discuss a problem?
38. What time did Phillip go to lunch?
26. What was the problem?
39. Who did he have lunch with?
27. Did they make a final decision during the
40. Where did they have lunch?
Did he get up at the usual time?
What time does he usually get up?
Why did Nancy have to leave home early?
What time did Nancy leave home?
got up?
13. What did he prepare his children for breakfast?
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meeting?
PAGE 63
Vaughan
Cloverdale’s Characters
S Y S T E M S
Nancy Johnson Yesterday morning wasn’t a normal morning for Nancy Johnson. She usually gets up at 7:30, but yesterday she got up at 6:30. She took a shower, got dressed, and had breakfast in less than 45 minutes. She left home at 7:25 because she had to drive 70 miles to the west of Lincoln to deliver an interior design plan to John Evans, the owner of a house that she is decorating. Mr. Evans needed to give the plan to the company that is building a new master bedroom for him and his wife. Nancy had to deliver it early in the morning because she didn’t have any time the rest of the day to drive to Mr. Evans’ house. Her problem was that she had to be at the technical school where she teaches interior design at 10 o’clock, when her first class started. The technical school is 20 miles east of Lincoln, so Nancy had to drive a total of 160 miles before 10:00. She drove relatively fast and got to Mr. Evans’
She had to drive 90 miles in an hour and
minutes to ten. She had a quick coffee with
house at 8:35. She spent ten minutes talking
fifteen minutes. Fortunately, Lincoln is a
one of the other teachers and entered her
to him about some details of the plan and
relatively small city and there isn’t a lot of
class at two minutes past ten.
then started her drive to the school at 8:45.
traffic. She got to the school at exactly five
1. Did Nancy have a normal morning yesterday?
13. Why didn’t Nancy deliver the plan later in the day?
2.
14. What time did she have to be at the
What time does she usually get up?
3. What time did she get up yesterday? 4.
What did she do before having breakfast?
5. What time did she leave home? 6.
How far did she have to drive to Mr. Evans’ house?
7. Is the house east or west of Lincoln? 8.
What did she have to deliver to Mr. Evans?
technical school?
24. How long was the trip to the school?
25. Was there a lot of traffic?
16. How far is it from Mr. Evans’ house?
27. What time did Nancy get to the school?
17. Explain why she had to drive 160 miles yesterday.
28. What did she have before going to her
18. Why did Nancy have to be at the school
29. Who did she have a coffee with?
at 10:00?
19. Did she drive relatively fast or slowly?
10. What is he doing with his house?
20. What time did she get to Mr. Evans’ house?
11. Who is the new bedroom for?
21. How much time did she spend talkingto him?
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23. What time did she leave Mr. Evans’ house?
15. How far is the technical school from Lincoln?
9. Who is Mr. Evans?
12. Who did he need to give the design plan to?
22. What did she talk to him about?
Vaughan Systems, 2004. Reservados todos los derechos.
26. Why wasn’t there a lot of traffic?
class?
30. What time did she enter her class?
PAGE 64
Vaughan
Cloverdale’s Characters
S Y S T E M S
Nigel Perkins Last week, Nigel Perkins flew to Monte Carlo with his wife to visit their son, Ronny. Nigel and his wife go to Monte Car lo two or three times ever y year between November and March because Ronny is too busy the other half of the year to be with them. They drove to Gatwick Airport on Wednesday morning and left the car at the airpor t parking lot. They had first class reservations for the two-hour flight. The plane left Gatwick on time at 11:15 and got to Monte Carlo ten minutes early, at five minutes past one. Nigel and his wife weren’t expecting to meet Ronny at the airport, so they caught a taxi and went to his apartment near the port. They were surprised to find that their son wasn’t at home. Nigel didn’t have a key to the
cold.They decided to go to a small bookshop
from the bookshop. He said he was sorry
apartment, so he and his wife spent some
about 300 meters from Ronny’s apartment
and told Nigel that the porter in his
time looking at the shop windows along the
building. Nigel likes to spend time in
apartment building had a key to his
street. After 20 minutes, they went back to
bookshops, but his wife, Margaret, doesn’t, so
apartment. Nigel and Margaret walked back
the apartment building and tried again. Ronny
Nigel asked permission to use the telephone
to the building, called the por ter, and asked
still wasn’t there. The temperature was
and called Ronny’s mobile number. Ronny
around 15 degrees and Nigel’s wife felt a little
was in a meeting with a tour operator not far
1. What city did Nigel fly to last week?
17. Were they expecting to meet Ronny at the airport?
30. What was Margaret’s problem?
3. Who did they go to Monte Carlo to visit?
18. Did they catch a bus or a taxi?
32. How far was the bookshop from Ronny’s
4.
5. In what period of the year do they go there?
19. Did they go to Ronny’s office or to his apartment?
6.
20. Where is the apartment?
33. How do Nigel and Margaret feel about bookshops?
7. What airport did they leave from?
21. Was Ronny at home when they got there?
34. What did Nigel ask permission to do in
8.
22. What was their reaction to this?
2.
Who did he go with?
How often do they fly to Monte Carlo?
Why don’t they go there in the summer?
Did they drive to the airport or take a taxi?
9. What day did they fly to Monte Carlo?
23. Did they go up to the apartment?
10. Where did they leave their car?
24. Why didn’t they go up to the apartment?
11. What kind of reservations did they have on the flight?
25. What did they do?
12. Did the plane leave late or on time?
26. How much time did they spend looking at the shops?
13. What time did it leave?
27. What did they do then?
14. Did it get to Monte Carlo early or late?
28. Was Ronny there the second time?
15. What time did the flight arrive?
29. How was the weather that day in Monte Carlo?
16. Who met them at the airport?
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for the key. Ronny arrived two hours later.
31. Where did they decide to go? apartment?
the bookshop?
35. What telephone number did he call? 36. Where was Ronny?
37. Who was he in a meeting with? 38. What did he tell Nigel concerning the porter?
39. What did Nigel and his wife do after talking to Ronny? 40. When did Ronny get home?
PAGE 65
Cloverdale’s Characters
Vaughan S Y S T E M S
Natasha Zarakovich Last night Natasha had a big surprise. Yesterday was her birthday and she thought that nobody at the laborator y knew. She didn’t want to tell them because Russian people always bring a lot of food to the office to celebrate and Natasha was on a strict diet. But she didn’t remember that her boss, Gregori, was going out a lot with one of her best friends, Karina. Gregori and Karina had lunch together yesterday and Karina told him that it was Natasha’s birthday. At 4:20, ten minutes before Natasha was planning to go to the national librar y, as she does every day, Gregori called her on the phone and asked her to help him with a repor t he was trying to get finished before 5:30. She thought this was strange, because Gregori doesn’t usually ask her to work late. At 4:30, she went to his office on the third floor. When she got there, there were 10 people with cakes and tea waiting to celebrate her birthday. They stayed in the office, having a
vodka and a gypsy group that played folk
a few minutes and then went to bed,
good time, until 7:00 p.m. Then Gregori
music. They stayed at the nightclub, eating,
because she had to get up early this morning
invited all of them to a nightclub in the
drinking and dancing until 10:30. Natasha got
to go to the laborator y. She was glad that
center of Moscow where there was good
home at 11:00. She talked to her mother for
today was Friday.
1. What kind of surprise did Natasha have last night?
11. What time did Gregori call her?
23. Did they have a good time?
12. What did he ask her to help him with?
24. Where did Gregori invite them?
2.
13. When did he say he wanted to finish the report?
25. Where was the nightclub?
What was special for Natasha yesterday?
3. What did she think concerning the people at the lab?
14. Did Natasha think this was normal or strange?
26. Was there good vodka or good brandy at the club?
15. Why did she think this was strange?
27. What kind of music did the gypsy group play?
5. Why didn’t she want to tell them?
16. Where did she go at 4:30?
28. What did they do at the nightclub?
6.
17. Where is Gregori’s office?
29. What time did they leave the nightclub?
7. What didn’t she remember about her boss, Gregori?
18. How many people were there when she
30. What time did Natasha go home?
8.
19. Were they waiting for her or for Gregori?
32. How long did she talk to her mother?
9. What did Karina tell him?
20. What did they want to celebrate?
10. What time was Natasha planning to go to
21. What did they have waiting for her?
33. Did she have to get up early or late this morning?
22. How long did they stay in the office?
34. What was she glad about this morning?
4.
Did she want to tell them about her birthday?
Why didn’t she want to eat a lot of food?
What did Gregori and Karina do yesterday?
the library?
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31. What did she do before she went to bed?
PAGE 66
Vaughan
Cloverdale’s Characters
S Y S T E M S
Inés García Yesterday, Inés García had a traffic accident. It happened at about 5:45 p.m. when she was driving to the University of Seville for her evening course in Business Management and Finance . The accident was her fault. She was driving her car, a Ford Puma, through the narrow streets in the center of Seville. At the same time, she was a talking with Paco, her boyfriend, on her mobile telephone. She was listening to her boyfriend and didn’t notice a stop sign in front of her. She ran the stop sign and another car hit her on the passenger side. Fortunately, it was a small car too, an Opel Corsa, and, as a result, the accident wasn’t serious. Inés cut her phone conversation and got out of the car. She went to the other car to speak to the dr iver.
say anything. He was tall and very attractive.
paperwork in less than ten minutes. Then,
She was happy to see that the other driver
He seemed like a very pleasant person. Inés
the young Frenchman, whose name was
was a young man, probably the same age as
usually talks a lot, but this time she didn’t
François Monet, invited her to have a coffee
Inés. When he got out of his car, he smiled
know what to say.The young man asked her
in a coffee shop across the street. Inés
and said hello in Spanish but with a French
if she had her c ar papers. Inés went back to
accepted and disconnected her mobile
accent. Inés simply looked at him and didn’t
her car and got the papers. They finished the
1.
17. What kind of car was it?
What happened to Inés yesterday?
telephone.
hello to her?
2. Did it happen in the morning?
18. What can you say about the accident?
31. Describe the man physically.
3.
19. Why wasn’t the accident serious?
32. Did he seem like a pleasant or unpleasant person?
When did it happen?
4. Where was she going at the time? 5.
Why was she going to the University?
20. What did Inés do regarding her phone conversation?
33. Does Inés usually talk a lot or very little?
6. Whose fault was the accident?
21. Did she get out of her car or stay in it?
34. Did she talk a lot this time too?
7.
35. Why didn’t she talk a lot?
8. What part of Seville was she driving through?
22. Did she go to the other car or stay next to hers?
9.
What can you say about the streets in that
23. Why did she go to the other car?
37. Did Inés go back to her car or call her
area?
10. What was she doing while she was driving?
24. Why was she happy when she saw the other driver?
38. What did she get from her car?
11. Who was she talking to?
25. How old was the other driver?
39. How long did it take them to finish the
12. What didn’t she notice in front of her?
26. Did the other driver smile when he got out of his car?
40. What was the young Frenchman’s name?
27. What did he say to Inés when he got out
41. What did he invite her to have with him?
What kind of car was she driving?
13. Did she run the stop sign or did she stop in time?
of his car?
14. Did she hit another car or did another car hit her?
28. Did he say hello in Spanish or in French?
15. Where did the other car hit her?
29. What kind of accent did he have?
16. Was the other car big or small?
30. What did Inés do when the man said
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36. What did the young man ask her? boyfriend?
paperwork?
42. Where was the coffee shop? 43. Did Inés accept or reject the invitation?
44. What did she do concerning her mobile telephone?
PAGE 67
SUDOKU INGLÉS 1
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Vaughan S Y S T E M S
PAGE 68
SUDOKU INGLÉS 2
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Vaughan S Y S T E M S
PAGE 69
SUDOKU INGLÉS 3
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Vaughan S Y S T E M S
PAGE 70
SUDOKU INGLÉS 4
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Vaughan S Y S T E M S
PAGE 71
SUDOKU INGLÉS 5
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Vaughan S Y S T E M S
PAGE 72
Vaughan
Most Common Irregular Verbs
S Y S T E M S
am, is, are
was, were
been
lead
led
led
become
became
become
leave
left
left
begin
began
begun
lend
lent
lent
blow
blew
blown
let
let
let
break
broke
broken
lose
lost
lost
bring
brought
brought
make
made
made
build
built
built
mean
meant
meant
buy
bought
bought
meet
met
met
catch
caught
caught
pay
paid
paid
choose
chose
chosen
put
put
put
come
came
come
quit
quit
quit
cost
cost
cost
read
read
read
cut
cut
cut
ring
rang
rung
deal with
dealt with
dealt with
rise
rose
risen
do
did
done
run
ran
run
drink
drank
drunk
see
saw
seen
drive
drove
driven
sell
sold
sold
eat
ate
eaten
send
sent
sent
fall
fell
fallen
set
set
set
feel
felt
felt
shut
shut
shut
fight
fought
fought
sit
sat
sat
find
found
found
sleep
slept
slept
fly
flew
flown
speak
spoke
spoken
forget
forgot
forgotten
spend
spent
spent
get
got
got/gotten
stand
stood
stood
give
gave
given
steal
stole
stolen
go
went
gone
take
took
taken
grow
grew
grown
teach
taught
taught
have
had
had
tell
told
told
hear
heard
heard
think
thought
thought
hold
held
held
throw
threw
thrown
hurt
hurt
hurt
understand
understood
understood
keep
kept
kept
wear
wore
worn
know
knew
known
win
won
won
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PAGE 73
Vaughan
Pronunciation of Common Regular Verbs
S Y S T E M S
There are many more important verbs not listed here, but these, barring an oversight, are the most commonly used. Hard “d” sound
“t” sound
“id” sound (additional syllable)
Agreed
Asked
Accepted
Allowed
Checked
Acted
Answered
Cooked
Added
Appeared
Crossed
Attended
Arrived
Danced
Attracted
Believed
Escaped
Avoided
Belonged
Finished
Contacted
Called
Helped
Counted
Carried
Hoped
Created
Changed
Jumped
Decided
Cleaned
Laughed
Depended on
Closed
Liked
Divided
Continued
Looked
Eliminated
Copied
Missed
Existed
Covered
Noticed
Expanded
Cried
Parked
Expected
Died
Passed
Hated
Earned
Picked
Included
Enjoyed
Progressed
Insisted
Explained
Promised
Invented
Followed
Pushed
Invited
Gained
Reached
Landed
Happened
Stopped
Lifted
Joined
Talked
Lasted
Listened to
Walked
Needed
Lived
Washed
Pointed
Moved
Watched
Printed
Offered
Wished
Rented
Owned
Worked
Rested
Planned
Shouted
Prepared
Started
Played
Treated
Preferred
Waited
Pulled
Wanted
Rained
Wasted
Raised Received Retired Saved Seemed Served Showed Smiled Snowed Stayed Studied Tried Used Worried
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PAGE 74
Vaughan
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
S Y S T E M S
The following list outlines some of the most common problems for Spanish speakers caused by direct translation.
SPANGLISH
ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
To depend of something
To depend on something
To spend money in something
To spend money on something
To pay something
To pay for something
To buy to someone
To buy from someone
To work in something
To work on something
To focus in something
To focus on something
To know to do something
To know how to do something
To be related with something
To be related to something
To be committed with something
To be committed to something
Near of/from somewhere
Near somewhere
Close of/from somewhere
Close to somewhere
To be based in something
To be based on something
To be responsible of something
To be responsible for something
To be the guilty (I’m the guilty)
To be one’s fault (It’s my fault)
According with someone
According to someone
I must to study
I must study (NEVER to)
I can to swim
I can swim (NEVER to)
I will to go
I will go (NEVER to)
Tell to us
Tell us (NEVER to)
Ask to him
Ask him (NEVER to)
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PAGE 75
Vaughan
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
SPANGLISH
S Y S T E M S
ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
Call to Mary
Call Mary (NEVER to)
I am agreed
I agree
Are you agreed?
Do you agree?
To explain you
To explain to you (ALWAYS to someone)
To listen me
To listen to me (ALWAYS to someone)
To listen it
To listen to it (ALWAYS to something)
To propose them
To propose to them (ALWAYS to someone)
An important problem
A big problem
The best important
The most important
The important is...
The important thing is...
To do a purchase
To make a purchase
To make a travel
To make/take a trip
To make a question
To ask a question
To make business
To do business
To make research
To do/carry out research
To take a drink/meal
To have a drink/meal
To arrive to an agreement
To come to/reach an agreement
To get an objective
To reach/achieve an objective
To have sense
To make sense
People is
People ARE
Persons
People
We are three
There are three of us
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PAGE 76
Vaughan
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
SPANGLISH
S Y S T E M S
ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
Actually (= actualmente)
Currently/presently
Illusioned (= ilusionado)
Hopeful/excited
Really (= en realidad)
Actually
Impressing
Impressive
How curious! (= Qué curioso)
That’s funny/interesting
In a future
In the future
Question (= asunto)
Issue/matter
To discuss (= disputar)
To argue
May I take lent your pen?
May I borrow your pen?
To count a history
To tell a story
To assist to class
To attend class
To remember someone to do something
To remind someone to do something
The competence (= competencia)
The competition/competitors
Nothing of nothing
Nothing at all
Particular lessons
Private lessons
To learn English is funny
Learning English is fun
Customer fidelity
Customer loyalty
A familiar car
A family car
Tonight (= anoche)
Last night
This night (= esta noche)
Tonight
All the days
Everyday
All the day
All day (long)
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PAGE 77
Vaughan
Common Errors By Spanish Speakers
SPANGLISH
S Y S T E M S
ENGLISH - CORRECT VERSION!!
During 4 years
For 4 years
It’s for this reason that...
That’s why...
It’s the same
It doesn’t matter
the same than/that
The same as
different that
Different than
I have 21 years
I am 21 years old
10% of discount
A 10% discount
10 thousands of people
10 thousand people
1 thousand million (= 1,000 million)
1 billion [U.S.A.]
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PAGE 78
