INFORME ESTUDIO GEOMECANICO

2016

ESTUDIO GEOTECNICO DE LAS ROCAS

ESTUDIO GEOTECNICO GEOTECNICO DE LAS L AS ROCAS “UNIVERSIDAD

NACIONAL DE MOQUEGUA ”

CARRERA PROFESIONAL DEINGENIERIA DE MINAS

TEMA

: “TRABAJO DE CAMPO DE MECANICA DE ROCAS I”

DOCENTE

: ING. MARCOS QUISPE PEREZ

PRESENTADO POR : CARPIO PALOMINO, DONNA ARLETTE KIMBERL

CARPIO PALOMINO, DONNA ARLETTE KIMBERL

2


INDICE “UNIVERSIDAD

NACIONAL DE MOQUEGUA ”.................................................................2

“TRABAJO DE CAMPO DE MECANICA DE ROCAS I” .......................................................5 1.

INTRODUCCION.................................................................................................... 5

2.

OBJETIVOS........................................................................................................... 6

3.

4.

5.

2.1.

OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL...................................................................................6

2.2.

OBJETIVOS SECUNDARIOS.......................................................................... 6

UBICACIÓN........................................................................................................... 6 3.1.

CLIMA.......................................................................................................... 6

3.2.

TEMPERATURA............................................................................................ 6

3.3.

PRECIPITACION........................................................................................... 7

3.4.

HUMEDAD RELATIVA.................................................................................... 7

3.5.

VIENTO........................................................................................................ 7

FISIOGRAFIA......................................................................................................... 7 4.1.

GEOMORFOLOGIA....................................................................................... 7

4.2.

GEODINMICA INTERNA.............................................................................. 9

4.3.

GEODINMICA E!TERNA......................................................................... .. 11

GEOLOG"A.......................................................................................................... 11 5.1.

GRUPO TOQUEPALA.................................................................................. 11

#.

PLANO DE UBICACIÓN.................................................................................. ...... 12

$.

MARCO TEORICO................................................................................................ 13 $.1.

RMR%......................................................................................................... 13

E& '(&)* +, -&(+/-( ,0 /0-0 , &( +,0, (6&(% ...................................................13 $.2.

RQD.......................................................................................................... 14

$.3.

ROCAS...................................................................................................... 16

$.4.

BRUJULA BRUNTON................................................................................... 18

$.5.

NORTE MAGNETICO.................................................................................. 19

$.#. $.$.

NORTE GEOGRAFICO................................................................................... 19 DECLINACION MAGNETICA........................................................................ 19


3

ESTUDIO GEOTECNICO DE LAS ROCAS $.7.

DIACLASAS%............................................................................................... 20

$.8.

A9IMUT%..................................................................................................... 21

$.1:. 7.

8. 1:.

RUMBO%.................................................................................................. 22

DESARROLLO DEL TRABAJO DE CAMPO.............................................................22 7.1.

MEDICION DEL RUMBO.............................................................................. 23

7.2.

BU9AMIENTO DE LAS DIACLASAS..............................................................24

7.3.

RECOPILACION DE DATOS......................................................................... 24

CONCLUSIONES ; RECOMENDACIONES.............................................................26 ANE!OS E IMAGENES...................................................................................... 26


4


“TRABAJO DE CAMPO DE

MECANICA DE

ROCAS I” 1. INTRODUCCION E& ,+) <,-=0-) , *)-(+ +, ,0-(*( ,& ,+) ,*-) > ?*=--) , &(+ ?*)?,(,+ > -) , + *,+?,+( (0, &( (--0 , /,*(+ (?&-((+ ,0 + ,0)*0) /+-). L( /0(&( , &( M,-=0-( , R)-(+ ,+ -)0)-,* > ?*,,-* ,& -) ,,*0(+ , +, ,,*-,0 +)6*, ,&&)+. L)+ +0)+ =<6)+ , (?&-(-0 , &( <,-=0-( , *)-(+ +, (*?(0 ,0% •

• •

C(0) ,& <(,*(& *)-)+) -)0+>, &( ,+*-*( ,-('(-)0,+ , 0,&,+@ (&,*(+@ (&,+@ ,-.. C(0) &( *)-( ,+ ,& +)?)*, , )*(+ ,+*-*(+ -<,0(-)0,+ , ,/-)+@ ?*,+(+@ ,-.. C(0) &(+ *)-(+ +)0 ,,0 ,+*-*(+ +)6*, &(+ *)-(+ +, <)/-(0 &(+ -)0-)0,+ 0-(&,+ ,& <,) *)-)+)@ ,& -(& *,+?)0, ( ,+)+ -(<6)+ ,/)*<=0)+, >) *) ,/)*<(-)0,+ , ?,, &&,(* ( +)?)*(* ,& <(,*(& *)-)+) (0, 0(+ ,,*<0((+ -)0-)0,+ ?,*<, ,'(&(* + -) (6)*(* ,& +,K) , ,+*-*(+ > )6*(+ , 0,0,*(. L( *,&(-0 ,0*, (<6)+ ?(*=<,*)+ ,+-*6, ,& -) <(-)+ *)-)+)+@ , ,?,0,0 , &(+ ?*)?,(,+ /+-(+ > <,-=0-(+ , &)+ <(,*(&,+ > , &(+ -)0-)0,+ ( , ,+=0 +)<,)+ ,0 &( 0(*(&,(.


5


2. OBJETIVOS 2.1. •

OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL

R,(&(* 0 ,+) ,)<,-=0-) , &(+ *)-(+.

2.2. • • •

OBJETIVOS SECUNDARIOS

I,0/-(* > *,-)0)-,* (-&(+(+. A?*,0,* ( <(0,(* &( 6*&(. D,,*<0(* ,& 6(<,0) > ,& *<6) , (-&(+(+.

3. UBICACIÓN E& ,+) +, *,(& ,0 0( ,6*((@ 6-(( ,0 ,& +,-)* , L)+ 0,&,+@ ,0 0<,(-)0,+ , &)+ -,**)+ H(*(-(0,@ ,0 ,& +*) , S(<,(@ ?*)'0-( M(*+-(& N,)@ ,?(*(<,0) , M),(. E0 &(+ +,0,+ -))*,0((+ ,0 PSAD 5# 18 E+, 28847: N)*, 71:24##

3.1.

1$3#

CLIMA

L( -( ,0, 0 -&<( ,0*, -=&)@ -&<( , +)&,()@ -)0 0( ( 11@3 C.

3.2.

TEMPERATURA

L( ,0( +,**( 6(( > ,+,*) +6*)?-(&.


6


3.3.

PRECIPITACION

L( , <(*)@ (&-(0(0) &)+ 1.57 <<<,+@ &( -( -,0( -)0 0 0',& <> 6() , &&'(+@ (-0)&, *,-*** ?(*( &( (*-&*( ( ++ (/&,0,+ ,**,+*,+ -)<) &)+ *)+ > &(+ *,+,*'(+@ ,0*( ,&&(+ P(+) G*(0,. E0 -)0*(+,@ &(+ , 0)',<6*,@ <,+,+ ,0 &)+ , *(0, &( 0)-, +, ?*,+,0( 0 -&<( /*) > 0 ',0) ,&() *(0, ,+, ?,*)) &(+ , +)&,()+ > (-) <(*).

3.4.

HUMEDAD RELATIVA

S, ,0, 0 5$  , <,( *,&('(@ + 0) ,+,*( <,( *,&('( 0) ?)*(<)+ *,+?*(*.

3.5.

VIENTO

E+ 0 /(-)* 0/&>,0,@ ,0,*(&<,0, ',0, ,& +*),+, (& 0)*,+, -)0 0( ',&)-( , 5 0)+.

4. FISIOGRAFIA 4.1.

GEOMORFOLOGIA E0 ,& &(* )0, -<)+ ,& ,+) ,)<,-=0-) ,0-)0*(<)+ )+ ,)/)*<(+ 0,(+%

4.1.1. ESTRIBACIONES DE LOS ANDES: L(+ ,+*6(-)0,+(00(+ ) -)0*(/,*,+(00)+@ +)0 -)*&&,*(+ <,0)*,+ ) /)*<(-)0,+ ,)&-(+ ,*'((+ , 0 ++,<( , <)0(K(+ -)*&&,*(@ ?-(+ ,& /&(0-) )--,0(& , &)+ A0,+ ?,*(0)+. L(+ ,+*6(-)0,+ (00(+ *,?*,+,0(0 ?(*( &( -)+( ?,*(0(@ &( 0,**?-0 , '(&&,+ > ,+,*)+ ,6) ( &( ?*,+,0-( , -(,0(+ , -,**)+ ) -)*&&,*(+ , '(0 ,0 +,0) ?,*?,0-&(* (& &)*(& > ( &( -)*&&,*( )--,0(& , &)+ A0,+.


7


4.1.2.

QUEBRADAS: E0 ,)*(/(@ 0( ,6*(( ,+0( 0 ?(+) ,+*,-) ,0*, <)0(K(+ >@ ?)* (0)@ ,'(&, ( ,+/&(,*). L,*(*(<,0,@ J.R.R T)&,0 + ,& *<0) )0+ -)<) ,0 , B(**) D)0+ ?(*( *,/,**+, ( 0( )0( , -)&0(+ 6((+@ , +, *() (& ,+?(K)& -)<) ,6*((+ &(+ ,6*((+ , &)+ T<&)+. T(<60 +, &( ,0 0&+ &( ?(&(6*( *('0,+ H<((-( R('0,+. L)+ (-(0&()+ 6&(0-)+ , D)',* ,0 I0&(,**(@ 0(+ -)&0(+ 6((+ (6,*(+ > ?(**)+(+@ +,*(0 0 ,, C&, ,0*, )*)+ ?(+,+ -)0 *,)0,+ (00(+ +, ,0)<0( ,6*(( ( '(&&,+ ,+*,-)+ ,0-()0()+ ?)* <)0(K(+ ->(+ &(,*(+ -(,0 (6*?(<,0, ,0 ,& '(&&,. E& *<0) ,6*((@ ,0 '(*)+ ?(+,+ , A<*-( -)<) A*,00(@ B)&'(@ C&,@ C)&)<6(@ E-()*@ P(0(<=@ P,*@ P,*) R-)@ U*(> > V,0,,&(@ ,+ 0 (**)>)@ *) ?,,K) ) *(-,&)@ , ?)-) -((& + +, -) 0) (?) ?(*( &( 0(',(-0 ) &( ?,+-( +0/-('(. E0 &(+ ,6*((+@ ?)* &) -)<0@ +&) '',0 ,+?,-,+ , ?,-,+ +<(<,0, ?,,K)+.


8


4.2.

GEODINMICA INTERNA

L( G,)0=<-( I0,*0( ,+( &(+ *(0+/)*<(-)0,+ , &( ,+*-*( 0,*0( , &( T,**( ,0 *,&(-0 -)0 &(+ /,*(+ , (-(0 ,0 + 0,*)*@ +(0) -0-(+ , ?*)+?,--0 -0-(+ ,)/+-(+. L(+ -0-(+ ,)/+-(+ <=+ /*,-,0,+ +)0% A0=&++ , )0(+ ++<-(+ S+<)&)(.

•

•

M,(+ , GPS , (&( ?*,-+0.

•

E+)+ ,)&-)+ ,+*-*(&,+ , -(
•

D((-0 , <,+*(+ *)-)+(+.

•

C(0/-(-0 , &(+ (+(+ , ,*)+0 ,0 6(+, (& -)0,0) +)?-) ,0 <,+*(+ , *)-(.

•

S<&(-0 -)

9

ESTUDIO GEOTECNICO DE LAS ROCAS AGENTES GEOD INÁMIC OS INTERN OS •

A-(0 ,+, ,& 0,*)* , &( T,**(.

•

P,,0 ?*)-* ,+?&((<,0)+ ,0 -)0*( , &( *(',(.

•

S,&,0 (<,0(* ,& *,&,', , &( +?,*/-, ,**,+*,.

•

S, )*0(0 ,0 ,& <(0) +?,*)* ) ,0 &( (+,0)+/,*(.

4.2.1. TERREMOTOS: U0 ,**,<)) ,+ 0 /,0<,0) , +(-( 6*+-( > ?(+(,*( , &( -)*,( ,**,+*, ?*)-( ?)* &( &6,*(-0 , ,0,*( (-<&(( ,0 /)*<( , )0(+ ++<-(+. L)+ <=+ -)<0,+ +, ?*)-,0 ?)* &( *?*( , /(&&(+ ,)&-(+. T(<60 ?,,0 )-*** ?)* )*(+ -(+(+ -)<)@ ?)* ,, )*,0@ 0 ,**,<)) ?,, -(+(* ,+?&((<,0)+ , &( -)*,( ,**,+*,@ -)**<,0)+ , ,**(+@ +0(<+ ) (-'( ')&-=0-(. P(*( &( <,-0 , &( ,0,*( &6,*(( ?)* 0 ,**,<)) +, , &(( ,0 &)+ <,)+ , -)<0-(-0. M),( > -)+( ,& P,* ,+ 0( )0( 0,(<,0, ++<-(. E& ,**,<)) ,& +* ,& P,* , 2::1 /, 0 ,**,<)) , <(0 7.4 )-**) ( &(+ 2:%33%14 UTC 15%33%14 )*( &)-(& ,& +=6() 23 , 0) , 2::1@ &( 1#.2#S@ &)0 $3.#4O > (/,- &)+ ,?(*(<,0)+ ?,*(0)+ , A*,?(@ M),( > T(-0( (6(*-(0) 0( +?,*/-, , 4:@::: <. E+, /, ,& <=+ ,'(+()* ,**,<)) ,& P,* ,+, &( -(=+*)/, , 18$: ,0 A0-(+> ,& <(>)* ,**,<)) ,+, ,& ,**,<)) , &( I+&( R( , 18#5.

4.2.2. ERUPCIÓN VOLCÁNICA U0( ,*?-0 ')&-=0-( ,+ 0( ,<+0 ')&,0( ,0 &( +?,*/-, ,**,+*, , <(,*(+ ?*)-,,0,+ ,& 0,*)* ,& ')&-=0. E-,?(0) &)+ +,*,+@ , ,<,0 (( -(&,0,@ > &)+ ')&-(0,+ , &))@ ->( <(,*(@ ,0 *(0 ?(*, )*=0-(@ ?*)',0, , >(-<,0)+ , *)-(*6*)+ *,&('(<,0, -,*-(0)+ ( &( +?,*/-,@ &(+ ,*?-)0,+ ,**,+*,+ +, ,6,0 ( &)+ ')&-(0,+.


10


4.3.

GEODINMICA E!TERNA

E0 &( ,)0=<-( ,,*0( 0,*',0,0 &)+ /(-)*,+ > /,*(+ ,,*0(+ , &( T,**( ',0)@ ((@ ,&)@ ,-.@ &(( (& -&<( > ( &( 0,*(--0 , +, +)6*, &( +?,*/-, ) -(?(+ <=+ ,,*0(+. S)6*, ,& -) -0-(+ , ?,,0 , +)6*, (&0)+ , ++ (,0,+@ -)<) ,& (( H*),)&)(.

AGENTES GEOD INÁMIC AS EXTERN OS A-(0 +)6*, &( -)*,(@ -)<) (,0, <),&()*.

•

•

S, ,+?&((0 ( /(')* , &( *(',(.

•

S)0 (,0,+ ,+*-)*,+ , *,&,',.

4.3.1. HUA;CO E+ 0( ')&,0( 00(-0 , (&'0 )0, *(0 -(0( , <(,*(& ,& ,**,0) , &(+ &(,*(+ ,+ ,+?*,0) > (**(+*() ?)* ,& (( ',*,0, (6() (+( ,& /)0) , &)+ '(&&,+@ -(+(0) ,0)*<,+ +,?&(<,0)+ ( + ?(+). E0 *<0)+ -,0/-)+ <),*0)+@ +,0 ,& P*)>,-) M&0(-)0(& A00)@ 0 (>-) +, -)0)-, -)<) /&)+ , ,*)+@ ) /&) , ,+-)<6*)+@ ,+) ,?,0, , &( -(0( , +,<,0) > 6&),+ , *((. E0 ,+)+ -(+)+ +, ,6, +6* ( )0(+ (&(+ > ,0,* &+) 0( <)-&( , (>( ,6,0 (&,(*+, ,& (( > (>(* ( (0-(0)+ > 0K)+ <,0)*,+. L)+ (-)+ +, ?*)-,0 ,0 &(*,+ )0, &&,', -)0+(0,<,0, <(,*(& +,&)@ ,() ?)* &)+ <0,*)+

5. GEOLOG"A E+ &( -,0-( , ,+( &( -) ,+*-*( 0,*0( , &( T,**(@ > &)+ ?*)-,+)+ ?)* &)+ -(&,+ ( ) ,')&-)0(0) ( &) &(*) ,& ,
5.1.

GRUPO TOQUEPALA

E+( ,0)<0(-0 /, , G,'(*( 18#3 ?(*( ,+-*6* ( 0 -)00) , *)-(+ ')&-=0-(+ > -)0 (&0(+ 0,*-(&(-)0,+ , +,<,0)+ -&=+-)+ , (/&)*(0 ( &) &(*) ,& /&(0-) (00). E& *?) T),?(&( +, ?*,+,0( <> /,*,0-() ,0 -(*) /)*<(-)0,+%


11


F)*<(-0 Q,&&(',-) ,-) F)*<(-0 ?(*(&(, F)*<(-0 0))>( F)*<(-)0H(*(-(0, 6(+,

• • • • •

E& ,+) &) -<)+ ,0 &( F)*<(-0 H(*(-(0, 5.1.1.

Form!"#$ %&r!$' :

C)0)-( (0,*)*<,0, -)<) /)*<(-0 T),?(&(@ (/&)*( ,0 &( ?(*, 0)*, ,& -(*=0&) , C&,<,+@ +)6*, >(-,0) ( &( /)*<(-0 (0,*)+ > ,0 &( ?(*, 0)*,+, ,& -(*=0&) , M),(@ ,0 &)+ -,**)+ , &)+ A0,&,+@ E+K(@ *(-(0, > ,0 &)+ -(K)0,+ , &)+ -*+)+ 0/,*)*,+ , &)+ *)+ H(*(-(0, > T)*((. L( ?(*, 0/,*)* +, -) 6*,-(+ , /&) ?*)-&(+-) , -) *)&-( , -)&)*,+ *+,+@ ?(*)+ > ')&,(. L( ?(*, <,( 0-&>, &,0,+ , -)0&)<,*()+ > (*,0+-(+ , -)&)*(-0 ',*)+(. L( ?(*, +?,*)* ,**(<,+ > 6*,-(+ , /&)+ *)&-)+ , -)&)*,+ ?(*)+ > (&)<,*()+ , -)&)*,+ 6&(0,-0)+. E+( +,-,0-( ,0, 0 ,+?,+)* , #5: ( $:: <.

#. PLANO DE UBICACIÓN


12


$. MARCO TEORICO $.1.

RMR%

L( -&(+/-(-0 ,)<,-=0-( RMR@ (<60 -)0)-( -)<) -&(+/-(-0 ,)<,-=0-( , B,0(+@ /, ?*,+,0(( ?)* ,& I0,0,*) B,0(+ ,0 18$3 > <)/-(( +-,+'(<,0, ,0 18$#@ 18$8@ 1874 > 1878. P,*<, (-,* 0( -&(+/-(-0 , &(+ *)-(+ 0 + > ,+<(* ,& , &)0 , 0 '(0). S, &( +(&<,0, ,0 &( -)0+*--0 , 0,&,+@ , (&,+ > , -<,0(-)0,+. C)0+( , 0 0-, , -(&( RMR R)- M(++R(0@ 0,?,0,0, , &( ,+*-*(@ > , 0 /(-)* , -)**,--0. E& RMR +, )6,0, ,+<(0) -0-) ?(*=<,*)+% •

L( *,++,0-( ( -)
•

E& RQD R)- Q(&> D,+0()0

•

L( +,?(*(-0 ,0*, &(+ (-&(+(+

•

S ,+()

•

L( ?*,+,0-( , (( /*,=-(.

A& *,+&() , -(( 0) , &)+ ?(*=<,*)+ +, &, (+0(@ +,0 &(+ (6&(+@ 0 '(&)* > +, +<(0 ))+ ,&&)+ ?(*( )6,0,* ,& 0-, , -(&( RMR +0 -)**,--)0,+. A ,+, '(&)* +, &, ,6, *,+(* 0 /(-)* , (+, ,0 /0-0 , &( )*,0(-0 , &(+ +-)00(,+.

T() *' !)+" ,"!!"#$ E& '(&)* +, -&(+/-( ,0 /0-0 , &( +,0, (6&( %

:  2:

M> ?)6*,

T*&+/ M&0*/ S/'1: <0.:.:5 <0

21  4:

P)6*,

5 )*(+ 15 <0

3:35X

41  #:

R,&(*

1 +,<.  3 <,+,+

354:X

#1  7: 71  1::

B,0) M> 6,0)

# ( 4 <,+,+ Y 5 <,+,+

4:45X 45X

RMR

D&'()*+(*,-

-/ )/67*&-/ W 3:X


13

ESTUDIO GEOTECNICO DE LAS ROCAS E& /(-)* , -)**,--0@ ,/0) -(&('(<,0,@ ,?,0, , &( )*,0(-0 , &(+ +-)00(,+ > ,0, '(&)*,+ +0)+ +,0 +, (?&, ( 0,&,+@ -<,0(-)0,+ ) (&,+. E& 0-, , RMR +, )6,0, , *,+(* ( &)+ '(&)*,+ )6,0)+ ,& /(-)* , (+,. E+, 0-, ?,, '(*(* ,0*, : > 1:: > ,/0, -0-) -&(+,+ , *)-( ,+0((+ -)0 0<,*)+ *)<(0)+ , +, -)**,+?)0,0 -)0 -0-) -(&(,+ ,& <(-) *)-)+)% <> 6,0(@ 6,0(@ <,(@ <(&( > <> <(&(. L( ?*0-?(& ',0(( , ,+, <)) , -&(+/-(-0 ,+ + +,0-&&, > ,-)0)<(.

Corr')!"#$ E& RMR ,+= -)**,&(-)0() ,
P(*( RMRY5:

$.2.

RQD

E& 0-, RQD R)- Q(&>D,+0()0 ,+(**)&&() ?)* D,,*, ,0*, 18#3 > 18#$@ +, ,/0, -)<) ,& ?)*-,0(, , *,-?,*(-0 , ,+)+ , <=+ , 1: -< , &)0 ,0 + ,, +0 ,0,* ,0 -,0( &(+ *)*(+ /*,+-(+ ,& ?*)-,+) , ?,*/)*(-0 *,+?,-) , &( &)0 )(& ,& +)0,).

PROCEDIMIENTOS P(*( ,,*<0(* ,& RQD R)- Q(&>D,+0()0 ,0 ,& -(
Pr"m'r -ro!'*"m"'$o S, -(&-&( <,0) > +<(0) ,& &(*) , ))+ &)+ *))+ , ,+) <(>)* , 1: -< ,0 ,& 0,*'(&) , ,+) , 1.5 <.( ?(** , &)+ ,+)+ )6,0)+ ,0 &( ,?&)*(-0. M,( ,& RQD ,0 ,+)+ , E?&)*(-0 15:


14

ESTUDIO GEOTECNICO DE LAS ROCAS S, ,6,0 0-&* &)+ +-)+ ,& 0-&,) )-(+)0()+ ?)* *)*( <,-=0-( , &( *)-( -)<) ?(*, ,& RQD.

Z S<( , &( &)0 , ,+)+ +?,*)*,+ ( 1: -< •

Z L)0 )(& , +)0,)

S'/&$*o -ro!'*"m"'$o C)
T'r!'r -ro!'*" m"'$o C) (& ,, >@ &( -)0(*,<)+ 6,0 ,0 ,& ,,  ) ,0 ,& ,, > ?,*) 0) ,0 (<6)+. P(*( ,0,* 0( <(>)* ?*,-+0@ <,*,<)+ 0( &)0 (,-(( ,0 -(( ,, > &,) (&&(*,<)+ ,& 0<,*) , /+*(+ ,0 0 +)&) <,*)@ (-,0) 0( *,&( , 3 +

15

ESTUDIO GEOTECNICO DE LAS ROCAS J' Z J' \ J'> \ J'

RQD

R/(8 7''97*:

; /0(&<,0,%

W25

<> ?)6*,

255:

?)6*,

RQD Z 115  3.3 J'

5:$5

0)*<(&

L) , *,?*,+,0( ,&

$58:

6,0)

8:1::

<> 6,0)

?)*-,0(, , RQD.

COMPARATIVA

$.3.

ROCAS

L(+ *)-(+ +)0 (*,()+ 0(*(&,+ ++,<(+ )<)0,)+ , +, ?*,+,0(0 ,0 0,+*) ?&(0,( ,0 <(+(+ , *(0,+ <,0+)0,+. E+=0 /)*<((+ ?)* 0) ) <=+ <0,*(&,+ ) <0,*(&),+.

LOS TIPOS DE ROCAS: L)+ /,*,0,+ ?)+ , *)-(+ +, ?,,0 '*@ +,0 + )*,0@ ,0 *,+ *(0,+ *?)+%

•

GNEAS % F)*<((+ ( ?(** ,& ,0/*(<,0) , *)-(+ /0(+ <(<(+. L)+ <(<(+ ?,,0 ,0/*(* , <(0,*( *=?( ,0 &( +?,*/-, , &( T,**( <,(0, &( (-'( ')&-=0-( ) -*+(&(* &,0(<,0, ,0 ,& 0,*)*@ )*0(0) *(0,+ <(+(+ , *)-(+ &&(<((+ ?&0-(+. C(0) -*+(&(0 ,0 *,(+ , &( -)*,( /)*<(0 &(+ *)-(+ 0,(+ /&)0(0(+.


16


METAMÓRFICAS :

•

F)*<((+ ( ?(** , )*(+ *)-(+ ,@ +0 &&,(* ( /0*+,@ (0 ,+() +)<,(+ ( *(0,+ ?*,+)0,+ > , +, (0 *(0+/)*<().

SEDIMENTARIAS :

•

F)*<((+ ,0 )0(+ +?,*/-(&,+ , &( -)*,( ,**,+*, ( ?(** , <(,*(&,+ , +, ,?)+(0 /)*<(0) -(?(+ ) ,+*()+. S)0 ,*-(+ + +, )*0(0 ( ?(** , *))+ , )*(+ *)-(+. Q<-(+ > )*=0-(+ + +, /)*<(0 ( ?(** , ?*,-?(-0 , -)
PROPIEDADES GEOM ECÁNICAS DE LA ROCA MATRI5 C)
R,++,0-( , &( *)-( <(*% R,++,0-( Z C(?(-( , &( *)-( ?(*( +)?)*(* ,0+)0,+ -)
DIFERENTES TIPOS DE COMPORTAMIENTOS:

( E&=+-) 6 P,*/,-(<,0, ?&=+-) - E&=+)?&=+-)  F*=&


17

ESTUDIO GEOTECNICO DE LAS ROCAS , D-&

C)
D",'r'$'+ !om("$!"o$'+ *' !om-orm"'$o+:

^ T*+/ I%E;'*(/% 6(+(&)@ -(*-(@ )&)<(@ -(&( <(+'(

^ T*+/ II%E7'/+;'*(/% -(&( ?)*)+(@ &<)&(@ )6( ')&-=0-( ^ T*+/ III%P7'/&;'*(/% *,+ <(+')@ (&0)+ *(0)+ ^ T*+/ IV%P7'/&7'/+;'*(/% A <(*(+@ 0,+

^ T*+/ V%P7'/&7'/+;'*(/% B ?)*)+(+ *)-(+ <,(<*/-(+ > +,<,0(*(+ ^ T*+/ VI% E7'/+;'*(/% -)0 /&,0-( *)-(+ ,'(?)*-(+

$.4.

BRUJULA BRUNTON

U0( B*&( B*0)0@ (<60 -)0)-( -)<) B*&( , ,&))@ ) *=0+) , 6)&+&&) B*0)0@ ,+ 0 ?) , 6*&( , ?*,-+0 ,-( ?)* )*0(&<,0, ?)* &( -))<0. E& 0+*<,0) /, ?(,0() ,0 1784 ?)* 0 ,&)) -(0(,0+, &&(<() D(' . B*0)0. E+, 0+*<,0) ?)+,, 0( (( <(0(( , +, +?)0, ,0 &( *,--0 , &(+ &0,(+ , <(0,+<) 0(*(& , &( T,**(.


18

ESTUDIO GEOTECNICO DE LAS ROCAS A /,*,0-( , &( <(>)*( , &(+ 6*&(+ <),*0(+@ ,& *=0+) , 6)&+&&) B*0)0 &( (<)*(-0 , 0--0 <(0-( ,0 &(* , &) ?(*( (<)*(* &( )+-&(-0 , &( (( )*,0()*(. S, +( ?*0-?(&<,0, ?(*( <,* )*,0(-)0,+ ,)*=/-(+@ *(0&(* 0( 6-(-0@ <,* &0,(-)0,+ ,+*-*(&,+@ ?&(0)+ > &(*,+ ,)<*-)+ , ,+*-*(+ ,)&-(+. A0, &( -)
$.5.

NORTE MAGNETICO

E& 0)*, <(0-) ,+ &( *,--0 , +,K(&( &( (( <(0(( , 0( 6*&(@ &( ,& ?)&) 0)*, <(0-)@ *,--0 , 0) -)0-, -)0 &( ,& P)&) N)*, ,)*=/-)@ ,-,?) ,0 &)+ ?0)+ ,& ,<+/,*) 0)*, +()+ ,0 ,& <+<)<,*(0) , ,& 0)*, <(0-). L( T,**( ,0,*( 0 -( ,-*,-, ,0 0,0+( ( &) &(*) , &)+ (K)+ >@ ?,*-(<,0,@ +, 0',*, &( ?)&(*(@ ,0 --&)+ , <&,+ , (K)+. L( /(+, (-(& ,+ ,-*,-,0,.

$.#.

NORTE GEOGRAFICO

E& 0)*, ,)*=/-) ,+ ,& 0)*, *,(& ) ',*(,*)@ 0 ?0) 0) '+6&,. L( ,+*,&&( P)&(* , &( -)0+,&(-0 U*+( M0)*+ O+( <,0)* ,+ -*- -,*-(0( (& 0)*, <(0-) > +*', ?(*( &)-(&(* (?*)<((<,0, ,& 0)*, *,(&.

$.$.

DECLINACION MAGNETICA

L( ,-&0(-0 <(0-( ,0 0 ?0) , &( T,**( ,+ ,& =0&) -) ,& 0)*, ',*(,*) ) 0)*, ,)*=/-). E0 )*(+ ?(&(6*(+@ ,+ &( /,*,0-(


19

ESTUDIO GEOTECNICO DE LAS ROCAS ,0*, ,& 0)*, ,)*=/-) > ,& 0-() ?)* 0( 6*&( ,& ,0)<0() (<60 0)*, <(0-). P)* -)0',0-0@ ( &( ,-&0(-0 +, &, -)0+,*( , '(&)* ?)+') + ,& 0)*, <(0-) +, ,0-,0*( (& ,+, ,& 0)*, ',*(,*)@ > 0,('( + +, 6-( (& ),+,. L( ,?*,+0 '(*(-0 <(0-( ,'(&, ( ,-&0(-0 <(0-(. S, ,( , + ,-&0(-0 <(0-( ,+ 0&(.

$.<.

DIACLASAS%

U0( (-&(+( ,& *,) _`abc *"@ ( *('+ ,@ > 6)+"+@ *)*( ,+ 0( /*(-*( ,0 &(+ *)-(+ , 0) '( (-) ,+&(<,0) , &)+ 6&),+. S)0 ,+*-*(+ <> (60(0,+.

CARACTERISTICAS DE UNA DIACLASA L( )*,0(-0 , 0( (-&(+(@ -)<) &( , )*(+ ,+*-*(+ ,)&-(+@ +, ,+-*6, <,(0, )+ ?(*=<,*)+% •

•

D*)&((*,-% =0&) , /)*<( 0( &0,( )*)0(& -)0,0( ,0 ,& ?&(0) , &( (-&(+( -)0 ,& ,, 0)*,  +*. B67*&-/% =0&) /)*<() ?)* &( (-&(+( > 0 ?&(0) )*)0(& <(0(*). L(+ (-&(+(+ 0) ,0,0 ?)*  +,* ,0 ,0,*(& ?&(0(+@ 0 *,+?)0,* ( 000( ,)<*-( *,&(*@ (+ , &)+ ?(*=<,*)+ 0-()+ ?,,0 '(*(* , 0 ?0) ( )*).

ASOCI AC IO N DE DI ACLAS AS L(+ (-&(+(+ 0) +,&,0 (?(*,-,* (+&((+@ +0) (+)-((+ ( /(&&(+ > ( ?&,,+. C(0)@ -)<) +,&, )-***@ ,+,0 )+ ) <=+ -)00)+ , (-&(+(+@ +, (6&( , 0 ++,<( , (-&(+(+ )  7o"$+0+'m. L)+ <=+ +,0-&&)+ +)0%


20

ESTUDIO GEOTECNICO DE LAS ROCAS •

•

S*'&7 0& 0*7(7'7' +7)7&7'% )(+ &(+ (-&(+(+ ,0,0 (& *,--0 > 6(<,0). S*'&7 0& 0*7(7'7' 9& '& (/)7-% &(+ (-&(+(+ ,0,0 +0(+ *,--)0,+ > 6(<,0)+ >@ ?)* &) (0)@ +, -)*(0 ,0 ,,*<0()+ ?0)+. E& -(+) <=+ -)<0 +,&, +,* ,& , /(<&(+ , (-&(+(+ -)0((+@ -)0 )+ ) *,+ *,--)0,+ ?*,)<0(0,+ , (-&(+(+ ?*)-(+ ?)* ,& <+<) /,0<,0) ,-0-) +,0+0 ) -) , +,0+0 (> , ,+(* &)+ ,,+ ?*0-?(&,+ , &( ,/)*<(-0 &)-(& ) *,)0(&@ ?,+ &(+ (-&(+(+ ,0 + <+<(+ 0) (?)*(0 0/)*<(-0 +/-,0, ,+*(+ ) ,+?&((<,0). E0 ,& -(+) , (-&(+(+ , ,,0+0 &( *,--0 , &( /(<&( <=+ 0))*( +,&, +,* ?,*?,0-&(* ( &( *,--0 , &( ,,0+0 > ,0 &(+ , -)
MECANISMOS L( /)*<(-0 , &(+ (-&(+(+ )6,,-, ( <> ',*+(+ -(+(+@ 0-&>,0) /,*(+ *(+ -)<) &(+ , ?*)')-(0 ,& /(&&(<,0) ) ?&,(<,0) ,& ,**,0). U0( , &(+ -(+(+ <=+ /*,-,0,+ , (-&(+(<,0) ,+ &( +<0-0 ,& ')&<,0 ,& <(,*(& (<,0) , &( ,0+(@ , ( + ', +, ?,, ?*)-* ?)* +0)+ <)')+% •

•

•

D,+*((-0@ -)<) )-**, ,0 +,<,0)+ , ,(0 (& (*, ,+?+ , (6,* ,+() +<,*)+. E0/*(<,0)@ -)<) ,0 ,& -(+) , &(+ -)&<0((+ 6(+=&-(+. S, /)*<(0 ?)* -)&((+ 6(+=&-(+@ &(+ -(&,+@ 0( ', +)&/-(( &( &('(@ ?)* ,& ?)+,*)* ,0/*(<,0)@ +, ',0 ,0 -)&<0(+ ?*+<=-(+ +>0-0 -)&<0(*. L( C(&(( , &)+ G(0,+ , I*&(0(@ ) L)+ Ó*(0)+ , L( G)<,*( +)0 (&0) , &)+ <-)+ ,,

21


$.=.

A>IMUT% S, <, (<60 ,+, ,& ?0) -(*0(& 0)*,.

E+ ,& =0&) , 0( *,--0 -)0() ,0 ,& +,0) , &(+ ((+ ,& *,&) ( ?(** ,& 0)*, ,)*=/-). E& (-< , 0 ?0) (-( ,& ,+, ,+ , 8: *()+ > (-( ,& ),+, , 2$: *()+ +,(,+<(&,+. E& *<0) (-< +&) +, +( -(0) +, *(( ,& 0)*, ,)*=/-). C(0) +, ,@ ,+?,-(&<,0,@ &( )?)*(/( &)+ (-<+ +, ,?*,+,0 ,0 *()+ -,0,+<(&,+ ,0 &(* , &(* &)+ *()+ +,(,+<(&,+.

$.1?.

RUMBO%

E& *<6) ,+ &( *,--0 -)0+,*(( ,0 ,& ?&(0) ,& )*)0, >@ ?*0-?(&<,0,@ -(&,*( , &(+ -) +,&, ,?*,+(*+, ,0 /)*<( ,& =0&) , /)*<( ,+( *,--0 -)0 )*( )<(( -)<) *,/,*,0-(. S,0 , ,+( *,--0 , *,/,*,0-( +,( ,& <,*(0) ,**,+*, , ?(+( ?)* &( ?)+-0 ,0 &( , 0)+ ,0-)0*(<)+ ) &( *,--0 ,0 , +,K(&( &( 6*&( <(0-( (6&(*,<)+ , *<6) ,)*=/-) ) , *<6) <(0-).

<. DESARROLLO DEL TRABAJO DE CAMPO A& &&,(* ( &( -(0,*(@ 0)+ ',*)0 ,0 *?)+ , 2 ?,*+)0(+@ < *?) -) < ?,*+)0(. N)+ ,*)0 /,*,0,+ (-&(+(+ ( 0)+)*)+ 0)+ )- ,0 &( ?(*, (&( , &( -(0,*(@ -)<) +, ', ,0 &( <(,0.


22



23

ESTUDIO GEOTECNICO DE LAS ROCAS L,) ?*)-,<)+ ( &( <,-0 ,& *<6) > ,& (<.

<.1.

MEDICION DEL RUMBO

P*<,*) (> , (&&(* ,& *<6) ,& (&@ -)&)-(<)+ &( 6*&( +)6*, &( (-&(+(@ ,0 ,+( )-(+0 +(<)+ ,& 0',& 6&(*@ &) 0',&(<)+ > (0)(<)+ ,& '(&)* )6,0).

L,) 6-(<)+ 3 -(*(+@ -)&)-(<)+ ,& ,+?,) ?,() ( &( *)-( > 0',&(<)+ ,& )) , ?)&&)@ &,,<)+ ,& '(&)* > &) (0)(<)+. P(*( )6,0,* ,& *<6) , &( -(*( ?*0-?(& &( +?,*)* ?*<,*) ,,*<0(<)+ &( *,--0@ &,) -)&)-(<)+ &( (*+( , &( 6*&( ,0 /)*<( ?,*?,0-&(* ?,(( ( &( *)-(@ > (0)(<)+ ,& '(&)*.

<.2.

BU>AMIENTO DE LAS DIACLASAS

T)<(<)+ &( *,--0 ,& (& 0)+ ?)0,<)+ ( ,+?(&(+ ,& (& > <,<)+@ -)&)-(0) ,& ,+?,) , &( 6*&( ?,(( ( 0,+*) -,*?)@ (0)(<)+ ,& '(&)* )6,0). E& '(&)* ,6, -)0,0,* 3 0<,*)+.


24


H(&&(<)+ ,& (< , &(+ <+<(+ -(*(+@ ?(*( ,+) -)&)-(<)+ &( 6*&( ,0 /)*<( ',*-(& > 0',&(<)+ ,& 0',& 6&(*.

<.3.

RECOPILACION DE DATOS L)+ ()+ *,-)?&()+ +, ,0-,0*(0 ,0 &( )( (0(.


25


=. CONCLUSI ONES @

RECOMENDACIONES A?*,0<)+ ( ,,*<0(* ,& *<6) > ,& (< , &(+ (-&(+(+@ *,-)0)-<)+ &( ,)<)*/)&)( , &( )0(@ (+ -)<) (<60 &( ,)&)(


26

ESTUDIO GEOTECNICO DE LAS ROCAS S,*( 0,*,+(0, *,(&(* <=+ +(&(+ (& -(
1?.

ANE!OS E IMAGENES


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INFORME ESTUDIO GEOMECANICO

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