Ques t i ons : 1. Gi vet hef or mul af orWhi t eOi Oi nt ment . Whatar ei t sus es ?
Rx Whi t ewax……………………………………. .5 0gm Whi t epe t r ol a t um… m………………………. . . …. .95 0gm Tomake……………………………. .1 00 0gm
I ngr e di e nt Whi t ewax
De s c r i pt i on Us e /s I ti st hepr oduc tofbl e a c hi ngand I ts e r v esa sas t i ffe ni ng pur i f yi ng ye l l ow wax t hat i s a g e n t . obt ai ned f r om t hehone yc om mb b of be e pi A sme l l i f e r a ,Api da e Whi t epet r ol at um I sapur i fiedmi xt ur eofs emi mi s ol i d I t i s us e d t o e mpl oy hydr oc ar bons obt ai ned f r om pr o t e c t i o na nd s e r v e sasa pet r ol eum and whol l y ornear l y ba s ef or oi nt me nt s and dec ol or i ze d. I t ma y c ont ai n a c e r a t e s .I ti st he a c t i v e s ui t a bl es t abi l i z e r i ngr e di e nt * Whi t eoi nt ment I tdi ffer sf r om ye l l ow oi nt mentby I ti sus e da se mo mol l i e nta nd s ubs t i t ut i on of whi t e wax as a ve hi c l e f or ot her ( bl ea c hed and pur i fied yel l ow o i nt me n t s . wax)andwhi t epet r ol at um i nt he f ormu mul a Re f e r e n c e : Ge n e r a lPh a r ma c y By :Li l i a nC.He r n a nd e za n dJ o s eE.Da y c o Pa g e : 2 82 Re mi ng t o n’ sPh a r ma c e ut i c a lSc i e n c e s Pa g e : 1 07 7 ht t p : / / e n. wi k i p e di a . o r g / wi k i / Be e s wa x#Us e s _ a s _ a_p r o duc t 2.W . Whati st hema mai ndi ffer enc ebet wee nWhi t eoi nt mentandYel l ow oi nt ment ?
Whi t eo i nt me ntdi ffe r sf r o my e l l o wo i nt me ntb ys ub s t i t ut i o no fwhi t ewa wa x( b l e a c h e d andpur i fiedyel l ow wax)andwhi t epet r ol at um ( pur i fiedmi xt ur eofs emi mi s ol i dhydr ocar bons f r om pe t r ol e um t ha tha sb e e nwho l l yorne a r l yde c o l or i z e d)i nt hef o r mu mul a .Whe r e i ny e l l o w A s oi nt mentcont ai nsye l l ow wax( pur i fiedwaxobt ai nedf r om t hehoneyc omb mboft hebee , pi me l l i f e r a )and pet r ol at um ( pur i fied mi xt ur e ofse mi s ol i d hydr ocar bons obt ai ned f r om pe t r o l e um)i nt hef o r mu mul a . 1 | Z i n c O x i d e O i n t m e n t , U S P , B P
Re f e r e nc e s : Ans e l ’ sPha r ma c e ut i c a lDo s a g eFo r msa ndDr ugDe l i v e r ySy s t e ms By :Al l e n ,Po p o vi c h ,Ans e l Pa g e : 2 73 3.Gi vet her ol eofwax esi noi nt ment s .
Wa x e sa r epl i a bl e ,wa t e r r e pe l l i ngs ubs t a nc e sus e dpa r t i c ul a r l yi npr o t e c t i ngs ur f a c e s and pr oduci ng pol i s hed s ur f ace s .Theyar eus ual l y us ed i n phar mac eut i cal ,cos met i csand “ pol i s hi ngi ndus t r i e s ” . I ti s us ed,i n oi nt ment s ,t o pr ovi de pr ot ec t i on and t oi mpar t emol l i ent effec t / s mo ot he ni nge ffe c tt ot hes ki n.As i def r o mt he s ec h ar a c t e r i s t i c s ,wa x e sa r ea l s okno wnf o ri t s s t i ffe ni nga nde mul s i f yi ngpr o pe r t i e s . Tha t ’ swh yt he yar eus e di nt hepr o duc t i onofo i nt me nt s . Re f e r e nc e s : Ge ne r a l Ph a r ma c y By :Li l i a nC.He r na n de za n dJ o s eEDa y c o Pa g e s :2 66 -2 6 7 I nt r o d uc t i o nt oPh a r ma c e u t i c a l Do s a g eF o r msa ndDr ugDe l i v e r ySy s t e ms By :Ho wa r dC.Ans e l ;Ni c h o l a sP o p o v i c ha n dLo y dAl l e n Pa g e : 2 77 Bi o c h e mi s t r y By :H.St e p h e nSt o k e r Pa g e s : 1 271 29 4. Des c r i behow anoi nt menti spr epar edbyl evi gat i on.Wheni st hi sa ppl i ed?
Levi gat i on i scommonl y us ed i ns mal l s cal epr epar at i on ofoi nt ment st or educet he pa r t i c l es i z ea ndgr i t t i ne s so fa dde dpo wde r s .A mo r t a ra ndpe s t l eora no i nt me ntt i l ema yb e us ed.A pas t ei sf or medbycombi ni ngt hepowderandasmal lamountofl i qui d( t hel evi gat i ng a ge nt )i nwhi c ht hepo wde ri si ns o l ubl e .Thepa s t ei st he nt r i t ur a t e d,r e duc i ngt hepa r t i c l es i z e . Thel evi gat edpas t emayt henbeaddedt ot heoi nt mentbaseandt hemi xt ur emadeuni f or m and s moot h by r ubbi ng t hem t oget herwi t h as pat ul aon t he oi nt mentt i l e.A figur e8t r ac ki s commonl y us ed t oi ncor por at et hemat er i al s .Mi ner aloi land gl yce r i n ar ecommonl y us ed l e vi ga t i nga ge nt s . Le v i g a t i o ni n vo l v e ss i mpl emi x i ngo fb a s ea ndo t he rc o mpo ne nt so v e ra no i nt me nts l a b us i ngas t a i nl e s ss t e e loi nt me nts pa t ul a .Anoi nt me nts l a bi sag r o undgl a s spl a t ea ndt wo5or6 i nc he sf ul lbl a des t a i nl e s ss t e e ls pa t ul a sa r ene e de d.Whe nt he r ear epos s i bi l i t i e sofr e ac t i on be t we e nt hes t e e ls pa t ul aa ndt hec ons t i t ue nt sofa noi nt me nts uc ha si nc or por at i onofme r c ur y s a l t sa ndi odi ne ,ha r dr ubbe rort e s t e dpl a s t i cs pa t ul a sa r eus e d.Thes pa t ul ai she l ds ot ha ti t 2 | Z i n c O x i d e O i n t m e n t , U S P , B P
a c t sa sar o l l e rpa s s i ngo ve ra nypa r t i c l e si nt heoi nt me nt .A s l i ghtt wi s toft hewr i s ti sr e q ui r e d a tt hee ndo fe a c hs t r okei nor de rt or e v e r s et hepos i t i onoft hes pa t ul a .I ti sve r yc o nv e ni e ntt o us et wos pa t ul a s , o nef o rt hea c t ua lme c h a ni co fr ub bi ng ,t heot he ra sa ni ns t r ume ntt or e mo v e s t ubbor n,a dhe r i ngpa r t i c l e so ra c c umul a t i ngoi nt me nt sf r om t hema ni pul a t i ngs pa t ul a .S l i ght l y wa r mt heb as et os o f t e ne x pe ndi t e st hei nc o r po r a t i o no fi ns o l ub l epo wde r s .Av oi do v e r he a t i ng o fe mul s i fie dwa t e r c o nt a i ni ngba s e sa st hi swi l lr e s u l ti nwa t e rl o s swhi c hi nt ur na l t e r st he c o ns i s t e nc yoft heba s ea ndi nc r e a s e st hepe r c e nt a geo ft heme di c i na ls ubs t a nc e s . Le v i g a t i o n,t o ge t he r wi t hf us i o n pr o c e s s ,i s us e di n pr e pa r a t i o nf o ro l e a g i no us o i nt me nt s . S ma l lqua nt i t i e so fpo wde r sa r ei nc o r p or a t e di nt oh ydr o c a r b onba s e swi t ht hea i do f al e v i g a t i nga g e nts uc ha sl i qui dpe t r o l a t um,whi c hhe l psi nwe t t i ngo fpo wde r s .Thepo wde r c o mpo ne nti smi x e dwi t ht hel e vi g at i nga g e ntb yt r i t ur a t i ona ndi st he ni nc o r p or a t e di nt ot he ba s e by s pat ul a t i on.Al ls ol i dc ompone nt s ar e mi l l e dt o fine rs i z ea nd s c r e e ne d be f or e i nc o r por a t i ngi nt ot heba s et oa v oi dgr i t t ys e ns a t i onoft hefina lpr oduc t .Rol l e rmi l l sa r eus e d f o rpr o duc i ngl a r g equa nt i t i e so fo i nt me nt si npha r ma c e ut i c a li ndus t r i e s .Uni f o r m mi x i ngc a n beobt ai ne dbyge ome t r i cdi l ut i onpr oc e dur e ,whi c hus ua l l yi nvol ve ss t e pwi s edi l ut i onofs ol i ds i nt ot heoi nt me ntba s e . Re f e r e nc e s : Ge ne r a l Ph a r ma c y By :Li l i a nC.He r na n de za n dJ o s eEDa y c o Pa g e s :2 66 -2 6 7 I nt r o d uc t i o nt oPh a r ma c e u t i c a l Do s a g eF o r msa ndDr ugDe l i v e r ySy s t e ms By :Ho wa r dC.Ans e l ;Ni c h o l a sP o p o v i c ha n dLo y dAl l e n Pa g e : 2 80
3 | Z i n c O x i d e O i n t m e n t , U S P , B P
