Examen de Bachillerato de Biología de práctica con Solucionario 2013

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K xbm kj gk Qr âotd ob gk Cd C d in ilíb 312?

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<7 ÍWKMK_

2) Bjbndok nis sdludkjtks tkxtis tkxtis quk dgkjtdfdobj bnlujis oijstdtuykjtks oijstdtuykjtks químdois gk gk nb oänunb8 D. Bgkmâs gk skrvdr oimi mkgdi gk bnmbokjbmdkjti gk kjkrlíb, bnlujis gk knnis boihdjbj y pritklkj nis ÿrlbjis djtkrjis, mdkjtrbs quk itris firmbj ujb obpb sdtubgb pir gkcbhi gk nb pdkn gk nis mbmífkris. DD. Gis gk knnis sij nbs pkjtisbs rdcisb y gksixdrrdcisb, gk lrbj dmpirtbjodb cdinÿldob cdinÿldob oimi oimpijkjtks gkn âodgi âodgi rdcijuonkdoi y gkn âodgi gksixdrrdcijuonkdoi. DDD. _ij minäounbs ldlbjtks, oijstdtudgbs pir obrciji, edgrÿlkji y ixílkji, prdjodpbnmkjtk. Bnlujbs tbmcdäj piskkj bzufrk y fÿsfiri. Nis tkxtis quk sk rkfdkrkj b nípdgis sk kjoukjtrbj dgkjtdfdobgis oij8 B) DD sinbmkjtk. C) D sinbmkjtk. O) DD y DDD. G) D y DDD. 3) Nkb nbs sdludkjtks sdludkjtks kxprksdijks rkfkrdgbs rkfkrdgbs b nis nis oijstdtuykjtks químdois gk nb oänunb8 oänunb8 D. Oijstdtudgbs pir minäounbs gk âtimis gk O, E y I øjdobmkjtk, sij khkmpnis nbs pkjtisbs quk firmbj pbrtk gk nb kstruoturb gk nis juonkÿtdgis. DD. Kstâj oimpukstbs câsdobmkjtk câsdobmkjtk pir O, E, E, I y J0 bnlujbs sdrvkj gk trbjspirtk oimi nb ekmilnicdjb. DDD. _ij mboriminäounbs firmbgbs firmbgbs pir bmdjiâodgis. ¹Ouânks kxprksdijks sk rkfdkrkj b nb oimpisdodÿj químdob gk nbs pritkíjbs9 B) DDD sinbmkjtk. C) D sinbmkjtk. O) DD y DDD. G) D y DD. Ndo. Mbroi Bjtijdi Oucdnni Murrby


?) Bjbndok nbs sdludkjtks bfdrmbodijks químdois8

rknbodijbgbs oij bnlujis oijstdtuykjtks oijstdtuykjtks

D. Kn lnuoÿlkji (kj bjdmbnks) y kn bnmdgÿj (kj nis vklktbnks), vklktbnks), sij minäounbs kjkrlätdobs quk sk mivdndzbj râpdgbmkjtk pbrb lkjkrbr lnuoisb, oubjgi sk rkqudkrb. DD. _u prdjodpbn fujodÿj ks sumdjdstrbr kjkrlíb prdmbrdb bn oukrpi, kspkodbnmkjtk bn okrkcri y bn sdstkmb jkrvdisi. j krvdisi. DDD. Nbs okrbs oijstbj gk uj sini bnoiein muy oimpnkhi, ujdgi b uj âodgi lrbsi gk obgkjb nbrlb. ¹Ouânks jømkris dgkjtdfdobj b nis obrciedgrbtis9 B) DDD sinbmkjtk C) D sinbmkjtk. O) DD y DDD. G) D y DD.

7) Oijsdgkrk nb sdludkjtk gksordpodÿj quk sk rkfdkrk b ujb sustbjodb kskjodbn8 _k nk oijiok tbmcdäj oimi âodgi bsoÿrcdoi. Ks jkoksbrdb pbrb nb síjtksds gk oinâlkji y nb odobtrdzbodÿj gk ekrdgbs. Wbmcdäj ks dmpirtbjtk kj kn orkodmdkjti, rkpbrbodÿj gk nbs kjoíbs, vbsis obpdnbrks, euksis, gdkjtks y pbrb nb mktbcindzbodÿj gk nbs lrbsbs, pir ni quk sk nk btrdcuyk kn pigkr gk rkguodr kn oinkstkrin. Nb gksordpodÿj bjtkrdir sk rkfdkrk b nb sustbjodb kskjodbn gkjimdjbgb8 B) Vdtbmdjb O. C) Vdtbmdjb B. O) Mktdijdjb. G) Edkrri.

Ndo. Mbroi Bjtijdi Oucdnni Murrby

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;) Nbs sdludkjtks sdludkjtks bfdrmbodijks sk rkfdkrkj rkfdkrkj b ujb sustbjodb kskjodbn8 



_k rkqudkrk pbrb bumkjtbr nb bcsirodÿj gkn edkrri prkskjtk kj nis bndmkjtis, pbrb priguodr oinâlkji y botubr b otubr oimi bjtdixdgbjtk. _u obrkjodb kj nb gdktb pukgk obusbr kn ksoircuti y ekrdgbs quk odobtrdzbj oij nkjtdtug.

Nbs bfdrmbodijks bjtkrdirks, oirrkspijgkj b nb sustbjodb kskjodbn gkjimdjbgb8 B) Âodgi lnutâmdoi C) Âodgi bspârtdoi O) Vdtbmdjb O G) Vdtbmdjb K

6) Nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj dgkjtdfdob ujb sustbjodb sustbjodb kskjodbn8 Fukjtks

Gk irdlkj bjdmbn, sk nk kjoukjtrb kj kn eílbgi gk okrgi, vklktbnks gk eihbs vkrgks oimi kn rkpinni y nbs kspdjbobs.

Kfkoti gk su gkfdodkjodb gkfdodkjodb

Kn tdkmpi gk oiblunbodÿj sbjluíjkb ks mâs prinijlbgi, ni quk priviob sbjlrbgi y ekmirrbldbs djtkrjbs.

Fujodÿj

Ks uj blkjtk gk oiblunbodÿj sbjluíjkb.

Nb djfirmbodÿj bjtkrdir sk rkfdkrk b nb vdtbmdjb B) @ C) G O) O G) B


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<) Bn icskrvbr bn mdorisoipdi gis mukstrbs gk oänunbs, oänunbs, sk pukgk gktkrmdjbr ni sdludkjtk8 Nb mukstrb D, oijtdkjk oänunbs quk prkskjtbj frblmkjtis odrounbrks gk BGJ, oij djfirmbodÿj lkjätdob lkjätdob y gdspkrsis pir kn odtipnbsmb. odtipnbsmb. Kj nb mukstrb DD, sk icskrvbj oänunbs oij jumkrisbs fdcrbs gk irdlkj pritkdoi quk oijkotbj nbs gdfkrkjtks pbrtks gk nb oänunb. Bgkmâs ujb mkmcrbjb gkndmdtb nb rkldÿj okjtrbn quk ks kn nulbr gijgk sk oijokjtrb nb djfirmbodÿj lkjätdob. Nbs mukstrbs gk oänunbs dgkjtdfdobgbs oij D y DD, oirrkspijgkj rkspkotdvbmkjtk b oänunbs B) Qriobrdÿtdob y priobrdÿtdob C) Qriobrdÿtdob y kuobrdÿtdob O) Kuobrdÿtdob y priobrdÿtdob G) Kuobrdÿtdob y kuobrdÿtdob 5) Oijsdgkrk nis sdludkjtks tkxtis quk sk rkfdkrkj rkfdkrkj b tdpis gk oänunbs8 D.

_us oänunbs sk gdstdjlukj pir prkskjtbr irlâjunis oij firmb gk sboi, gkjimdjbgbs vbouinbs. Bnmbokjbj sustbjodbs oimi blub y sustbjodbs gk gkskoei. Ks obrbotkrístdoi kjoijtrbr ujb sinb vbouinb gk lrbj tbmbòi gkspnbzbjgi bn jøonki ebodb uj nbgi.

DD.

Nbs cbotkrdbs sk obrbotkrdzbj pir obrkokr gk jøonki gkfdjdgi0 ji piskkj onirifdnb, bujquk bnlujbs pukgkj tkjkr itris pdlmkjtis sdmdnbrks oimi cbotkrdionirdjb, cbokrdionirifdnb y cbotkrdipurpurdjb.

Nis tkxtis bjtkrdirks ¹b ouânks tdpis gk oänunbs sk rkfdkrkj9 B) D priobrdÿtdob y DDDD kuobrdÿtdob bjdmbn. C) D kuobrdÿtdob kuobrdÿtdob bjdmbn y DDDD priobrdÿtdob. O) D kuobrdÿtdob kuobrdÿtdob vklktbn y DD priobrdÿtdob. priobrdÿtdob. G) D kuobrdÿtdob kuobrdÿtdob vklktbn y DD kuobrdÿtdob bjdmbn.



4) Nkb nis sdludkjtks tkxtis tkxtis rkfkrkjtks rkfkrkjtks b tdpis gk oänunbs8 D. Nbs oänunbs oänunbs gk nis eijlis prkskjtbj irlbjknbs rigkbgbs gk mkmcrbjbs y pukgkj tkjkr vbrdis jøonkis. Oubjgi orkokj, sus pbrkgks oknunbrks gkhbj kspbodis y kn odtipnbsmb pukgk odrounbr gk oänunb kj oänunb. DD. Oijtdkjkj irlbjknbs quk quk botøbj oimi pujti okjtrbn, gksgk kn oubn drrbgdbj fdcrbs b cbsk gk pritkíjbs kj kn prioksi gk nb mdtisds, rkspijsbcnk gk ludbr b nis orimisimbs kj sus mivdmdkjtis mdtÿtdois. Nis tkxtis bjtkrdirks oirrkspijgkj b oänunbs B) Kuobrdÿtdobs bmcbs C) Qriobrdÿtdobs bmcbs O) D kuobrdÿtdob kuobrdÿtdob y DD priobrdÿtdob G) D Qriobrdÿtdob Qriobrdÿtdob y DD kuobrdÿtdob 21) Oijsdgkrk nb sdludkjtk rkprkskjtbodÿj gk ujb u jb ktbpb gk uj odoni vdrbn8

Kn vdrus djskrtb kj nb cbotkrdb su mbtkrdbn lkjätdoi ¹B ouân ktbpb oirrkspijgk9 B) Fdhbodÿj. C) Gupndobodÿj. O) Qkjktrbodÿj. G) Muntdpndobodÿj.


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22) Nb sdludkjtk rkprkskjtbodÿj dgkjtdfdob kvkjtis gkn sdlni n dsiläjdoi8

Nb ktbpb gkjimdjbgb djtklrbodÿj, ¹oij ouân jømkri sk dgkjtdfdob9 B) 2. C) 3. O) ?. G) 7. 23) Oijsdgkrk nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj rkfkrdgb b irlbjknbs quk firmbj pbrtk gkn sdstkmb gk mkmcrbjbs gk nb oänunb8 D.

Qbrtdodpb kj nb síjtksds gk nípdgis

DD.

[jb gk sus sus fujodijks ks nb síjtksds gk pindsboârdgis.

¹Ouân ks kn jimcrk gk gdoebs irlbjknbs9 B) D vbouinb y DD oimpnkhi gk Linld. C) D Ndsisimb Ndsisimb y DD oimpnkhi oimpnkhi gk Linld. O) D rktíouni kjgipnbsmâtdoi ndsi y DD oimpnkhi gk Linld. Linld. G) D rktíouni kjgipnbsmâtdoi rulisi y DD rktíouni kjgipnbsmâtdoi ndsi.



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2?) Nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sk rknbodijb oij tdpis gk trbjspirtk b trbväs gk nb mkmcrbjb8

2. Nb bmkcb kmpdkzb b kjlnicbr uj mdoriirlbjdsmi. mdoriirlbjdsmi. 3. Kstk irlbjdsmi qukgb oijtkjdgi kj ujb vbouinb gdlkstdvb gk nb bmkcb. ?. Nbs kjzdmbs kjzdmbs pbsbj gkn odtipnbsmb bn djtkrdir gk nb vbouinb. 7. Nbs kjzdmbs gksdjtklrbj gksdjtklrbj bn irlbjdsmi y nbs minäounbs quk rksuntbj rksuntbj gk nb gdlkstdÿj pbsbj bn odtipnbsmb. ;. Nis mbtkrdbnks ji gdlkrdcnks pkrmbjkokj kj nb vbouinb, quk sk ebok mâs pkqukòb. 6. Nb vbouinb sk fusdijb oij nb mkmcrbjb oknunbr, oknunbr, sk rimpk y nis gkskoeis sk ndckrbj. ¹Oij ouân tdpi gk trbjspirtk sk rknbodijbj nis pbsis 2 y 6, rkspkotdvbmkjtk9 rksp kotdvbmkjtk9 B) Fbliodtisds y kxiodtisds. C) Qdjiodtigds y kxiodtisds. O) Kxiodtisds y pdjiodtisds. G) Fbliodtisds y gdfusdÿj. 27) Bjbndok nbs sdludkjtks kxprksdijks rknbodijbgbs oij kvkjtis gk nb jutrdodÿj butÿtrifb8 D. Qriguoodÿj gk gdÿxdgi gk obrciji. DD. [tdndzbodÿj gk BWQ BWQ y JBGQE3 DDD. Gksoimpisdodÿj gkn blub DV. Kxodtbodÿj K xodtbodÿj gk nb onirifdnb onirifdnb ¹Ouânks oirrkspijgkj bn prioksi gkjimdjbgi obpturb gk nuz9 B) D y DDD C) D y DV O) DD y DDD G) DDD y DV Ndo. Mbroi Bjtijdi Oucdnni Murrby


2;) Oijsdgkrk kn sdludkjtk ksqukmb sicrk uj u j prioksi cdinÿldoi8 BGQ + Qd

BWQ

O6 E23I6

3 Âodgi pdrøvdoi

Kn ksqukmb bjtkrdir, ¹b ouân prioksi cdinÿldoi oirrkspijgk9 B) Lnuoÿndsds. C) Fitisíjtksds. O) Odoni gk @rkcs. G) Obgkjb rkspdrbtirdb.

26) Oijsdgkrk nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sicrk sic rk nb fujodÿj gk uj â odgi juonkdoi8 



B pbrtdr gk nb minäounb gk BGJ, BGJ, sk sdjtktdzb nb nb minäounb gk BSJm pir boodÿj gk nb kjzdmb BSJ pindmkrbsb. Obgb vkz quk nb nb kjzdmb kstbcnkok oijtboti oij ujb cbsk kspkoífdob kj nb obgkjb gk BGJ, sk bgdodijb nb cbsk oimpnkmkjtbrdb ebstb firmbr ujb jukvb obgkjb gk BSJm.

¹Ruä jimcrk rkodck nb fujodÿj gksordtb gkn âodgi juonkdoi9 B) Wrbguoodÿj gkn BSJ. C) Gupndobodÿj gkn BGJ. O) _íjtksds gk pritkíjbs. G) Wrbjsordpodÿj gk BGJ.


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2<) Oijsdgkrk Oijsdgkrk kn sdludkjtk s dludkjtk tkxti sicrk mu tbodijks8 Nis djgdvdguis quk mbjdfdkstbj kn síjgrimk gk Wurjkr, sij gk kstbturb oirtb y kj bnlujis obsis rktrbsi mkjtbn ndlkri. Nis ivbrdis sk gklkjkrbj kj nbs øntdmbs fbsks gk nb vdgb kmcrdijbrdb, ni oubn iobsdijb nb bpbrdodÿj gk obrbotkrístdobs skxubnks rugdmkjtbrdbs. ¹B ouân bspkoti gk nbs mutbodijks sk rkfdkrk nb djfirmbodÿj bjtkrdir9 B) Obusb. C) Qrkvkjodÿj. O) Dmpirtbjodb. G) Oijskoukjodb. 25) Nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sk rknbodijb oij tdpis gk mutbodijks8

Orimisimb jirmbn D.

E D H @

Orimisimb Mutbgi

E @

N M J I N M J I

E,D,H,@,N,M,J,I= E,D,H,@,N,M,J,I= Oirrkspijgk b nis sklmkjtis gkn orimisimb DD.

Bnlujbs bntkrbodijks lkjätdobs sij oijskoukjodb gk ujb mutbodÿj kj uj sini lkj, ästbs sk trbguokj kj nb buskjodb i bntkrbodÿj gk ujb pritkíjb oirrkspijgdkjtk.

Nb djfirmbodÿj bjtkrdir, pkrmdtk onbsdfdobr nbs mutbodijks oimi8 B) D y DD lkjÿmdobs. C) D lkjätdob lkjätdob y DD lkjÿmdob. O) D lkjätdob y DDDD orimisÿmdob. G) D orimisÿmdob orimisÿmdob y DD läjdobs.



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24) Nb sdludkjtk rkprkskjtbodÿj oirrkspijgk b ujb u jb fbsk gk nb mdtisds8

Nb fbsk rkprkskjtbgb sk gkjimdjb8 B) Mktbfbsk. C) Wknifbsk. O) Bjbfbsk. G) Qrifbsk.

31) ¹Ouân ks nb fbsk gk nb mkdisds gijgk nis orimisimbs eimÿnilis pukgkj djtkrobmcdbr sklmkjtis gk BGJ9 B) Qrifbsk D. C) Qrifbsk DD. O) Bjbfbsk DD. G) Mktbfbsk D.



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32) Nkb nis sdludkjtks tkxtis rkfkrdgis b oänunbs lkrmdjbnks8

D.

Ks uj b oä nunb mÿv dn quk nk pkrm dtk rkoi rrkr kn nbrli obm dji kj cu so b gk nb oä nunb oi mp nkmkj tbrdb pbrb uj drsk oij knnb, gk mbjkrb quk io urrb nb fkoujg bodÿj, bodÿj, kj kn skr eum bji.

DD. DD. Ks g k fir m b ksfä rdo b y l rbj tbm bò i kj rknbo dÿj o ij nb m by ir p brtk g k nbs oä nu nbs e um bjbs , oij tdkj k bgkm âs

Nis jimcrks gk nbs oänunbs lkrmdjbnks gksordtbs kj nis tkxtis D y DD oirrkspijgkj, rkspkotdvbmkjtk b8 B) Kspkrmbtizidgk y kspkrmbtizidgk. kspkrmbtizidgk. C) Kspkrmbtizidgk y ÿvuni. O) ßvuni y kspkrmbtizidgk G) ßvunis y ÿvunis.

33) _d gis pnbjtbs gk tbnni tbnni nbrli ektkriodlitb sk oruzbj, sbcdkjgi quk kn tbnni nbrli ks gimdjbjtk y kn tbnni oirti ks rkoksdvi, ¹Ouân ks kn fkjitdpi kspkrbgi kj nb prdmkrb lkjkrbodÿj9 B) ;1% ektkriodlitb, 3;% eimiodlitb gimdjbjtk, 3;% 3;% eimiodlitb rkoksdvi. C) <;% pnbjtbs gk tbnni oirti0 3;% pnbjtbs gk tbnni nbrli. O) <;% pnbjtbs gk tbnni tbnni nbrli0 3;% pnbjtbs gk tbnni oirti. G) ;1% ektkriodlitb, ektkriodlitb, ;1% eimiodlitb. eimiodlitb.



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3?) Oijsdgkrk nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj rknbodijbgb oij u j oruok mijieícrdgi8

Nb fdcrisds quístdob ks ujb kjfkrmkgbg ekrkgdtbrdb, kj nb oubn, ujb pkrsijb mbjdfdkstb nb kjfkrmkgbg oubjgi ekrkgb gis lkjks rkoksdvis pirtbgirks gk kstk rbsli. Kstk lkj sk kjoukjtrb kj kn orimisimb <. Gk boukrgi oij nb titbndgbg gk nb djfirmbodÿj bjtkrdir, ¹ouân ks kn pirokjtbhk fkjitípdoi kjoijtrbgi kj kstk oruok edpitätdoi, rkspkotdvbmkjtk9 B) 3;% sbji, 3;% sbji pirtbgir, 3; % prkskjtb fdcrisds quístdob y 3;% sbji pirtbgir. C) 3;% eimiodlitb gimdjbjtk, 3;% ektkriodliti, 3;% rkoksdvi y 3;% ektkriodliti. O) ;1% sbji, 3;% sbji pirtbgir pirtbgir y 3;% prkskjtb prkskjtb fdcrisds quístdob. G) 3;% eimiodlitb gimdjbjtk, 3;% ektkriodliti, ;1% rkoksdvi. 37) Oijsdgkrk nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj rkfkrdgb b uj oruok mijieícrdgi8

¹Ouân ks nb frkoukjodb fkjitípdob kspkrbgb kj nb gksokjgkjodb9 B) 211% jklri. C) ;1% jklri, ;1% cnbjoi. O) 211% eimiodliti gimdjbjtk. G) ;1% ektkriodliti y ;1% rkoksdvi. rkoksdvi. Ndo. Mbroi Bjtijdi Oucdnni Murrby


2?

3;) Nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sk rkfdkrk b uj oruok gk g imdjbjodb djtkrmkgdb8 Qnbjtbs oij fnirks gk oinir rihi = (S) Qnbjtbs oij fnirks gk oinir cnbjoi = (r) Fkjitdpi = 211% fnirks rihbs Lkjitdpi = 211% ektkriodlitis ¹Ouân gk nbs sdludkjtks ipodijks oirrkspijgk bn oruok kjtrk nbs pnbjtbs prilkjdtirbs9 B) SS x Sr. C) Sr x Sr. O) SS x rr. G) Sr x rr. 36) Nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sk rknbodijb oij uj oruok gk ekr kjodb mkjgkndbjb8 Gkn oruok kjtrk pnbjtbs gk ludsbjtks oij skmdnnbs rkgijgbs, sk ictdkjk kj nb F2, uj 3;% gk pnbjtbs quk priguokj skmdnnbs rulisbs y kn <;% gk nbs pnbjtbs priguokj skmdnnbs rkgijgbs. ¹Ouân gk nbs sdludkjtks bfdrmbodijks oirrkspijgk b nis lkjitdpis kspkrbgis gk nb gksokjgkjodb9 B) Eimiodlitis rkoksdvis y ektkriodlitis. C) Eimiodlitis gimdjbjtks y ektkriodlitis. O) Eimiodlitis gimdjbjtks gimdjbjtks y eimiodlitis rkoksdvis. G) Eimiodlitis rkoksdvis, rkoksdvis, eimiodlitis gimdjbjtks y ektkriodlitis. 3<) _d nb prilkjdk gk uj mbtrdmijdi kstâ oijstdtudgb pir uj 211% gk muhkrks pirtbgirbs gkn gbntijdsmi y uj 211% gk eimcrks gbntÿjdois, ¹Ouân ks kn fkjitdpi gk nis pbgrks9. B) Qbgrk gbntÿjdoi y mbgrk gbntÿjdob. C) Qbgrk vdsdÿj vdsdÿj jirmbn y mbgrk gbntÿjdob. gbntÿjdob. O) Qbgrk gbntÿjdoi y mbgrk vdsdÿj jirmbn ji pirtbgirb. G) Qbgrk vdsdÿj jirmbn y mbgrk y mbgrk vdsdÿj jirmbn ji pirtbgirb.



35) Nkb nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sicrk uj oruok gk gimdjbjodb djtkrmkgdb8

Kj uj tdpi gk lbjbgi sk priguok kn sdludkjtk oruok8 Qrilkjdtirks8 SS (Qknbhk gk oinir rihi)  



x

CC (Qknbhk gk oinir cnbjoi)

SS8 Qknbhk gk oinir rihi. SC8 Qknbhk gk gk oinir rubji (mkzonb (mkzonb gkn oinir rihi y cnbjoi. CC8 Qknbhk gk oinir cnbjoi.

¹Ouân ks kn fkjitdpi kspkrbgi pbrb nb F 29 B) 211% pknbhk rihi. C) 211 % pknbhk rubji. O) 3;% pknbhk rubji, ;1% pknbhk rihi y 3;% pknbhk cnbjoi. G) 3;% pknbhk rihi, ;1% pknbhk pknbhk rubji y 3; % pknbhk cnbjoi.

34) Nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sk rkfdkrk b uj oruok gk gimdjbjodb djtkrmkgdb8 SS= râcbjis rkgijgis BB= râcbjis bnbrlbgis ¹Ouân skrâ kn fkjitdpi rksuntbjtk gkn oruok gk gis pnbjtbs gk râcbjis ivbnbgis9 B) ;1% rkgijgis y ;1% ivbnbgis. C) ;1% rkgijgis y ;1% bnbrlbgis O) 3;% ivbnbgis, ;1% ;1% rkgijgis y 3;% bnbrlbgis. G) 3;% rkgijgis, ;1% ivbnbgis y 3;% bnbrlbgis.


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2;

?1) Nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sk rkfdkrk b uj pricnkmb gk ekrkjodb gk lrupis sbjluíjkis8

¹Ouânks gk nis sdludkjtks oruoks rkprkskjtb b nis pbgrks gk nb F 29 B) DC DC T DC DC. C) DC DB T DC DB. O) DC d T DB d. G) DC d T d d. ?2) Nkb nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj rknbodijbgb oij o ij uj oruok gk lrupis sbjluíjkis8 Kj eumbjis kxdstkj trks bnknis pbrb gktkrmdjbr nis lrupis sbjluíjkis, y ästis sij D B, DC, d. Nis bnknis D B y DC sij oigimdjbjtks kjtrk sd y priguokj nis lrupis sbjluíjkis B, C y BC0 mdkjtrbs quk kn bnkni rkoksdvi rko ksdvi (d) priguok kj oijgdodÿj eimiodlitb kn lrupi sbjluíjki (I). _upijlb quk ujb muhkr tdpi B, ouyi pbgrk fuk tdpi C, sk obsb oij uj eimcrk tdpi I, ¹Ouân ks kn lkjitdpi kspkrbgi kj nis edhis gk kstb pbrkhb9 B) ;1% D BDC y ;1% dd. C) ;1% D Bd y ;1 D Cd. O) ;1% DCd y ;1% dd. G) ;1% D Bd y ;1% dd.



?3) Nkb kn tkxti gbgi b oijtdjubodÿj.

_k bpndob nb täojdob gk djskrodÿj gk lkjks kj oänunbs vklktbnks, mkgdbjtk uj djstrumkjti gkjimdjbgi „Qdstinb gk Lkj”, quk gdspbrb pbrtíounbs oucdkrtbs gk BGJ gdrkotbmkjtk bn djtkrdir gk nb oänunb. Kn ichktdvi ks djoirpirbr ksk BGJ firâjki bn lkjimb gk nb pnbjtb.

Kn prioksi gksordti kj kn tkxti bjtkrdir gb irdlkj b8 B) [j irlbjdsmi onijbgi. C) [jb mutbodÿj djguodgb. O) [jb fkoujgbodÿj fkoujgbodÿj dj vdtri. G) [j irlbjdsmi trbjsläjdoi.

??) Nkb nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sicrk ujb täojdob gk mbjdpunbodÿj lkjätdob8 lkj ätdob8

„Oubjgi uj kmcrdÿj oij uj lkj

gkfkotuisi orkok ebstb

firmbr uj pkqukòi lrupi gk oänunbs, sk pigríb kxtrbkr ujb oänunb djgdvdgubn gkn kmcrdÿj y sustdtudr kn lkj gkfkotuisi pir uj vkotir dgÿjki. Gkspuäs, sk pigríb dmpnbjtbr kn jøonki rkpbrbgi kj itri ÿvuni (timbgi gk nb mbgrk) ouyi jøonki fuk kxtrbígi prkvdbmkjtk. Kn ÿvuni gdpnidgk rkpbrbgi sk dmpnbjtbríb kjtijoks kj kn øtkri gk nb mbgrk, gijgk sk gksbrrinnbríb.” Bugksdr`, Wkrksb y itris. itris. Cdinilíb, Cdinilíb, Odkjodb Odkjodb y Jbturbnkzb

Nb djfirmbodÿj bjtkrdir sk rkfdkrk b8 B) Mutbodÿj djguodgb. C) Irlbjdsmi onijbgi. O) Fkoujgbodÿj dj vdtri. G) Irlbjdsmi trbjsläjdoi.


26


2<

?7) Oijsdgkrk nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sicrk uj tdpi gk mbjdpunbodÿj gk nb ekrkjodb8 ek rkjodb8 Bnlujbs vbrdkgbgks gk mbíz pirtbj uj lkj gk nb cbotkrdb cbodnnus teujjldkjsds, utdndzbjgi pbrb sdjtktdzbr ujb tixdjb quk obusb nb mukrtk gk djskotis gbòdjis. Oij kstb kstrbtkldb sk prktkjgk gdsmdjudr kn usi gk djskotdodgbs djskotdodgbs y ictkjkr mkhirks rkjgdmdkjtis kj nbs oiskoebs. Nb djfirmbodÿj bjtkrdir sk rkfdkrk b nb mbjdpunbodÿj gk nb ekrkjodb quk gb irdlkj b8 B) [j irlbjdsmi trbjsläjdoi. C) [jb fkoujgbodÿj dj vdtri. O) [jb mutbodÿj djguodgb. G) [j irlbjdsmi onijbgi.

?;) Oijsdgkrk kn sdludkjtk tkxti rkfkrkjtk b ujb u jb täojdob gk mbjdpunbodÿj gk nb ekrkjodb8 Kj Blricbotkrdum sk eb kjsbybgi uj mbrobgir djusubn8 kn lkj gk nb kjzdmb nuodfkrbzb, gk nbs nuodärjblbs. Kn sustrbti gk kstb kjzdmb ks ujb pritkíjb nnbmbgb nuodfkrdjb, quk oij BWQ y ixílkji gksprkjgk nuz. Qnâsmdgis Wd oij kstk mbrobgir, sk trbjsfdrdkrij b oänunbs gk tbcboi, oij nbs quk sk firmbrij jukvbs pnbjtbs. Nbs jukvbs pnbjtbs ictkjdgbs sk rklbrij kj nb isourdgbg oij blub y nuodfkrdjb gdsukntb. Kn rksuntbgi fuk sirprkjgkjtk8 nbs pnbjtbs sk dnumdjbrij oimi sd fukskj ujbs cimcdnnbs gk piob pitkjodb i uj gdcuhi gk uj bjujodi fnuirksokjtk. Kn pnâsmdgi ks ujb minäounb odrounbr gk BGJ

Nb djfirmbodÿj bjtkrdir sk rkfdkrk b8 B) Irlbjdsmi trbjsläjdoi. C) Fkrtdndzbodÿj dj vdtri. O) _knkoodÿj brtdfdodbn. G) Mutbodÿj djguodgb. Ndo. Mbroi Bjtijdi Oucdnni Murrby


?6) Oijsdgkrk nbs sdludkjtks bfdrmbodijks rkfkrkjtks b fukjtks gk v brdbcdndgbg8 D.

_k fbvirkokj nbs bgbptbodijks bgkoubgbs bgkoubgbs bjtk obmcdis bmcdkjtbnks, oijstdtuyäjgisk kj uj rkoursi onbvk kj nb kvinuodÿj.

DD.

Oijstdtuykj nb mbtkrdb prdmb gk nb kvinuodÿj yb quk ästb botøb oubjgi bpbrkokj jukvis fkjitdpis quk pukgbj fdhbrsk kj ujb picnbodÿj.

DDD.

Ks uj obmcdi kstbcnk ekrkgbcnk kj kn mbtkrdbn lkjätdoi, quk bntkrb nb skoukjodb gk BGJ, djtriguodkjgi jukvbs vbrdbjtks0 pir ni tbjti ks uj fbotir quk bumkjtb nb gdvkrsdgbg lkjätdob.

¹Ouânks jømkris dgkjtdfdobj nbs bfdrmbodijks rknbtdvbs b nbs mu tbodijks9 B) D, DD y DDD. DDD. C) D sinbmkjtk. O) DD sinbmkjtk. G) D y DD sinbmkjtk.

?<) Bjbndok nis sdludkjtks tkxtis rknbodijbgis oij fukjtks gk vbrdbcdndgbg8 D.

Bntkrb nb skoukjodb gk nis juonkÿtdgis.

DD.

Wrbjsfkrkjodb gk lkjks pir mkgdi gk nb kjtrbgb y sbndgb gk djgdvdguis quk pukgkj rkpriguodrsk.

DDD.

Fukjtks gk vbrdbcdndgbg, quk oijsdstk kj nb djtriguoodÿj gk jukvis lkjks kj ujb picnbodÿj.

Nis tkxtis bjtkrdirks sk rkfdkrkj rkspkotdvbmkjtk b8 B) D mutbodijks, DD y DDD mdlrbodÿj lkjätdob. C) D y DD mutbodijks, DDD mdlrbodÿj lkjätdob. O) D y DD mutbodijks, DDD rkpriguoodÿj skxubn. G) D mdlrbodÿj lkjätdob, DD mutbodijks y DDD rkpriguoodÿj skxubn. skxubn. Ndo. Mbroi Bjtijdi Oucdnni Murrby

25


24

?5) Oijsdgkrk nis sdludkjtks tkxtis rkfkrdgis b bnlujis b lkjtks gk fukjtks gk v brdbcdndgbg8 D.

_u boodÿj ji sdljdfdob orkbodÿj gk jbgb jukvi (ÿrlbjis i kstruoturbs), sd ji quk fbvirkok b nis djgdvdguis quk piskkj obrbotkrístdobs gdfkrkjodbnmkjtk ckjkfdodisbs, b pbrtdr gk nbs ouânks pukgkj oijtdjubr botubjgi bn mkgdi bmcdkjtk.

DD.

B mkgdgb quk nis djgdvdguis pukgkj rkpriguodrsk, kjtrbj i sbnkj gk nb picnbodÿj, pir ni quk iourrkj obmcdis kj nb frkoukjodb läjdob, pkrturcbjgi kn kqudndcrdi lkjätdoi y priguodkjgi obmcdis kj kn fijgi lkjätdoi.

DDD.

Kn djlrksi i sbndgb gk skrks vdvis gk ujb picnbodÿj, priguok uj mivdmdkjti gk bnknis ebodb kn djtkrdir i kn kxtkrdir gk ksb picnbodÿj. ¹Ouânks sk rkfdkrkj b gkspnbzbmdkjti lkjätdoi bn bzbr9 B) DDD sinbmkjtk. C) DD sinbmkjtk. O) DD y DDD. G) D y DDD ?4) Bjbndok nis sdludkjtks tkxtis bokrob gk blkjtks blk jtks rknbodijbgis oij nb kspkodbodÿj8 D.

[j bnkni pukgk kndmdjbrsk gk nb picnbodÿj, djgkpkjgdkjtkmkjtk gk sd ästk ks ckjäfdoi, pkrhugdodbn i obrkjtk gk vkjtbhb i gksvkjtbhb kspkoífdob, gk migi quk pukgk djguodr nb vbrdbodÿj lkjätdob gkjtri gk ujb picnbodÿj pkqukòb.

DD.

Nb priguoodÿj priguoodÿj gk obmcdis kvinutdvis bnkbtirdis kj nbs picnbodijks rkpriguotirbs pkqukòbs, gb oimi rksuntbgi obmcdis kj kn oijhujti läjdoi kjtrk lkjkrbodijks suoksdvbs gk ujb picnbodÿj.

DDD.

_ij obmcdis kj nbs frkoukjodbs läjdobs kj ujb picnbodÿj lrbjgk, quk pukgkj iourrdr kspijtâjkbmkjtk kj nb jbturbnkzb pisdcdndtbjgi ujb mbyir gdvkrsdgbg fkjitípdob. ¹Ouânks tkxtis sk rkfdkrkj b gkspnbzbmdkjti lkjätdoi bn bzbr9 B) DDD sinbmkjtk. C) DD sinbmkjtk. O) D y DDD. G) D y DD. Ndo. Mbroi Bjtijdi Oucdnni Murrby


31

71) Bjbndok nbs sdludkjtks bfdrmbodijks quk sk rkfdkrkj b nb kvinuodÿj8 D.

Gis lrupis gk irlbjdsmis irlbjdsmis gk nb mdsmb kspkodk quk vdvkj kj nb mdsmb ârkb lkilrâfdob pukgkj kstbr skpbrbgis sd ioupbj gdfkrkjtks eâcdtbts. Nbs kspkodks mbrdjbs gk nb zijb oimprkjgdgb kjtrk nb pnkbmbr y nb cbhbmbr kstâj kfdobzmkjtk bdsnbgbs gk itrbs ucdobgbs, piois mktris gkcbhi gkn jdvkn gk cbhbmbr.

DD.

[j tdpi muy oimøj oimøj gk bdsnbmdkjti bdsnbmdkjti ks kn lkilrâfdoi, quk ks nb nb skpbrbodÿj gk lrupis gk irlbjdsmis bfdjks pir bnlujb cbrrkrb físdob oimi uj ríi, uj gksdkrti, uj lnbodbr, ujb mijtbòb i uj mbr.

DDD.

Kxdstkj kspkodks gk bmpndb gdstrdcuodÿj, kj muoebs iobsdijks sk kjoukjtrbj picnbodijks quk sk bpbrkbj oij itrbs bgybokjtks.

DV.

Nb dmdtbodÿj gkn bspkoti gk uj irlbjdsmi pir pbrtk gk itri, sdj quk ebyb pbrkjtksoi bnluji kjtrk knnis k nnis sk gkjimdjb mdmktdsmi.

¹Ouânks bfdrmbodijks dgkjtdfdobj prioksis kvinutdvis quk fbvirkokj nb ks pkodbodÿj9 B) D y DD. C) D y DV. O) DD y DDD. G) DD y DV. 72) Nkb nis sdludkjtks tkxtis rknbodijbgis oij kvdgkjodbs gk n prioksi kvinutdvi8 D.

[jb sdmdndtug kj nb skoukjodb gk bmdjiâodgis gk pritkíjbs oimpbrbcnks kj gdfkrkjtks kspkodks, djgdob quk nis lkjks quk oigdfdobj ksbs pritkíjbs, kvinuodijbrij gk uj bjtkpbsbgi oimøj.

DD.

Muoeis irlbjdsmis tdkjkj kstruoturbs vkstdldbnks sd tdkjkj fujodÿj bpbrkjtk, oimi kn bpäjgdok vkrmdfirmk kj kn djtkstdji eumbji. Kstis ÿrlbjis pricbcnkmkjtk sij ujb ekrkjodb migdfdobgb gk bjtkpbsbgis quk sí nis ut dndzbcbj.

¹B ouânks tdpis gk kvdgkjodbs gkn prioksi priok si kvinutdvi, oirrkspijgkj nis tkxtis bjtkrdirks9 B) D cdiquímdob y DD bjbtÿmdob. C) D kmcrdinÿldob kmcrdinÿldob y DD bjbtÿmdob. O) D cdiquímdob cdiquímdob y DD kmcrdinÿldob. G) D kmcrdinÿldob kmcrdinÿldob y DD cdiquímdob.



32

73) Nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sk rkfdkrk b kvdgkjodbs gkn prioksi kvinutdvi8 kvi nutdvi8 D. DD. Gdstdjtbs kspkodks prkskjtbj pbrtks gk su irlbjdsmi oijstdtudgbs cbhi uj mdsmi ksqukmb kstruoturbn, bpiybjgi ujb eiminilíb kjtrk ÿrlbjis i sdmdndtug gk pbrkjtksoi, y pir tbjti gk uj irdlkj y gksbrrinni oimøj, gurbjtk Gdspisdodÿj gk nis euksis quk djtklrbj nbs uj pkríigi gk tdkmpi. kxtrkmdgbgks gknbjtkrbs gk bnlujis mbmífkris. ¹B ouânks tdpis gk kvdgkjodbs kvinutdvbs oirrkspijgkj nis kh kmpnis bjtkrdirks9 B) D bjbtÿmdob y DD bjbtÿmdob. C) D kxtdjodÿj kxtdjodÿj y DDDD kmcrdinÿldob. kmcrdinÿldob. O) D pbnkijtinÿldob pbnkijtinÿldob y DD bjbtÿmdob. G) D pbnkijtinÿldob pbnkijtinÿldob y DD kmcrdinÿldob. 7?) _kludgbmkjtk sk nk prkskjtb djfirmbodÿj rknbodijbgb oij kvdgkjodbs gkn prioksi kvinutdvi8 D.

DD.







Ks gk gkstbobr gkstbobr quk tigis nis irlbjdsmis piskkj nb nb mdsmb mdsmb minäounb pbrb trbjsmdsdÿj ekrkgdtbrdb. Kxdstkj lrbjgks skmkhbjzbs b jdvkn gk rutbs mktbcÿndobs (nbs skoukjodbs gk rkboodijks químdobs). Nb mirfinilíb gk nis nis orimisimbs orimisimbs ks muy skmkhbjtk y sk eb gkmistrbgi mkgdbjtk nbs täojdobs gk cbjgki.

¹B ouânks tdpis gk kvdgkjodbs kvinutdvbs sk rkfdkrk nb djfirmbodÿj bjtkrdir9 B) D bjbtÿmdobs y DD cdiquímdobs. C) D kmcrdinÿldobs kmcrdinÿldobs y DD cdiquímdobs. cdiquímdobs. O) D bjbtÿmdobs y DDDD pbnkijtinÿldobs. G) D kmcrdinÿldobs kmcrdinÿldobs y DD pbnkijtinÿldobs. pbnkijtinÿldobs. Ndo. Mbroi Bjtijdi Oucdnni Murrby


33

77) Nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sk rknbodijb oij kvdgkjodbs kvinutdvbs8 D.

Oimpbrbodÿj gk nbs kxtrkmdgbgks gknbjtkrbs kjtrk uj pkrri y ujb irob DD.

Isbmkjtb pktrdfdobgb gk uj rkptdn, oij bnlujis rbslis djtkrmkgdis gk nbs bvks ¹Ruä jimcrk rkodckj nbs kvdgkjodbs prkskjtks kj nb djfirmbodÿj bjtkrdir9 B) D kmcrdinÿldob y DD bjbtÿmdob. C) D cdiquímdob cdiquímdob y DD kmcrdinÿldob. O) D bjbtÿmdob y DDDD pbnkijtinÿldob. G) D kmcrdinÿldob kmcrdinÿldob y DD cdiquímdob. 7;) Oijsdgkrk nis sdludkjtks tkxtis rknbodijbgis oij kn irdlkj gk nbs kspkodks8 



Obusb uj djorkmkjti djorkmkjti gk nis bnknis fbvirbcnks y ujb gdsmdjuodÿj gk nis gksfbvirbcnks kj ujb picnbodÿj. Nis mdkmcris gk ujb picnbodÿj, quk piskkj bgbptbodijks mâs kxdtisbs bn bmcdkjtk tdkjkj mbyir pricbcdndgbg gk sicrkvdvdr y rkpriguodrsk.

Nis tkxtis bjtkrdirks sk rkfdkrkj b nb tkiríb gkjimdjbgb8 B) [si y gksusi gk nis ÿrlbjis. C) Irdlkj qudmdisdjtätdoi. O) _knkoodÿj jbturbn. G) Qbjspkrmdb. Ndo. Mbroi Bjtijdi Oucdnni Murrby


76) Nis sdludkjtks tkxtis sk rkfdkrkj b ujb uj b tkiríb sicrk kn irdlkj gk nbs kspkodks8 



_k gkmukstrb quk kn Gbrwdjdsmi y nis ebnnbzlis gk nb lkjätdob sij oimpbtdcnks. Nbs jukvbs kspkodks jirmbnmkjtk sk irdldjbj b trbväs gk nb boumunbodÿj gk gdfkrkjtks lkjks kj picnbodijks rkpriguotdvbmkjtk bdsnbgbs gk bnlujb kspkodk pbrkjtkrbn.

_k kjrdqukok kn pbrbgdlmb Gbrwdjdbji oij nis gksoucrdmdkjtis gk nb lkjätdob y itrbs rbmbs gk nb cdinilíb.



¹B quä tkiríb sk rkfdkrkj nis tkxtis bjtkrdirks9 B) _djtätdob. C) _knkoodÿj jbturbn. O) Kqudndcrdi pujtubgi. G) [si y gksusi gk nis ÿrlbjis. 7<) Nkb nis sdludkjtks tkxtis rknbodijbgis oij ujb u jb tkiríb kvinuodijdstb8 



Nis obmcdis quk iourrkj iourrkj gurbjtk gurbjtk kn pkrdigi gk vdgb gk uj djgdvdgui, pukgkj skr trbjsmdtdgis b su gksokjgkjodb. Nis ÿrlbjis quk ji sij utdndzbgis pir uj irlbjdsmi sk btrifdbj, mdkjtrbs quk nis quk sk khkrodtbj sk gksbrrinnbj.

¹B quä tkiríb oirrkspijgkj nis tkxtis bjtkrdirks9 B) _djtätdob gk Giczebjs`y. C) [si y gksusi gk Nbmbro`. O) _knkoodÿj jbturbn gk Gbrwdj Gbrwdj y \bnnbok. G) Mutbodijdstb gk E. Gk Vrdks, Cbtksij y Mirlbj


3?


37

75) Kn sdludkjtk tkxti sk rknbodijb oij oi j ujb gk nbs tkiríbs sicrk kn irdlkj gk nbs kspkodks8 Nis jukvis gksoucrdmdkjtis kj nis obmpis gk nb mdorisoipdb y nb cdiquímdob, bsí oimi kn bpirtk k djtkrprktbodijks gk nbs odkjodbs lkinÿldobs y lkilrâfdobs, ebj pkrmdtdgi gbr jukvbs djtkrprktbodijks b tkiríbs y fkjÿmkjis gk nb kvinuodÿj. Ksti nnkvÿ bn kstugdi gk nbs picnbodijks gk irlbjdsmis, gksgk uj pujti gk vdstb lkjätdoi, oijsdgkrbjgi b nis obmcdis lkjätdois y b nb fukrzb jbturbn sknkoodijbgirb gk nbs vbrdbjtks mkhir bgbptbgbs, b nbs oijgdodijks gkn kjtirji. Kj kn tkxti sk ebok rkfkrkjodb b nb tkiríb gkjimdjbgb8 B) _djtätdob. C) Mutbodijdsmi. O) Kqudndcrdi Qujtubgi. G) [si y gksusi gk nis ÿrlbjis 74) Oijsdgkrk nb sdludkjtk skoukjodb gk kvkjtis rkfkrkjtks b ujb tkiríb sicrk sic rk kn irdlkj gk nb vdgb8 2) Firmbodÿj gk minäounbs irlâjdobs sdmpnks b pbrtdr gk nbs sustbjodbs prkskjtks kj nb btmÿsfkrb y kj nbs blubs gk nis ioäbjis. 3) Firmbodÿj gk pinímkris. (Qindmkrbodÿj). ?) Irlbjdzbodÿj pritioänunbs.

gk

minäounbs

irlâjdobs

oimpnkhbs

7) Firmbodÿj gk oänunbs b pbrtdr gk nbs pritioänunbs. ¹Ruä jimcrk rkodck ästb tkiríb9 B) Qbjspkrmdb. C) Kxpkrdmkjtbodÿj. O) Irdlkj qudmdisdjtätdoi. G) Lkjkrbodÿj kspijtâjkb.


kj


3;

;1) Nkb nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj rknbodijbgb oij ujb tkiríb sicrk kn irdlkj gk g k nbs kspkodks8 



_inbmkjtk nis irlbjdsmis mâs bptis pukgkj sicrkvdvdr y gbr irdlkj b nb lkjkrbodÿj sdludkjtk. Nbs vbrdbodijks vbrdbodijks fbvirbcnks, fbvirbcnks, tdkjgkj b skr oijskrvbgbs, mdkjtrbs quk nbs gksfbvirbcnks gksbpbrkokj.

¹B ouân tkiríb sk rkfdkrk nb djfirmbodÿj bjtkrdir9 B) [si y gksusi gk nis ÿrlbjis C) _knkoodÿj jbturbn O) Oismizidob G) Qbjspkrmdb ;2) Nb sdludkjtk kxprksdÿj sk rknbodijb oij ujb tkiríb gkn irdlkj gk g k nb vdgb8 Kstbcnkok quk nis lärmkjks ebcríbj nnklbgi b nb Wdkrrb kmpnkbjgi b nis mktkirdtis oimi vkeíouni gk trbjspirtk. ¹Ruä jimcrk rkodck kstb tkiríb9 B) Lkjkrbodÿj kspijtâjkb. C) Irdlkj qudmdisdjtätdoi. O) _knkoodÿj jbturbn. G) Qbjspkrmdb. ;3) Oijsdgkrk kn sdludkjtk tkxti rknbodijbgi oij uj skr vdvi8 Nbs cbotkrdbs sij irlbjdsmis ujdoknunbrks bpbrkjtkmkjtk sdmpnks. Ji piskkj jøonki mkmcrbjisi sd ji uj orimisimb (gk BGJ), kj firmb odrounbr bsiodbgi oij ujb pkqukòb objtdgbg gk BSJ y pritkíjb. _kløj nb onbsdfdobodÿj gk \edtb`kr, cbotkrdbs9 B) Fdjld. C) Mijkrb. O) Qritdstb. G) Bjdmbndb.


¹kj ouân rkdji cdinÿldoi sk onbsdfdobj onbsdfdobj nbs


36

;?) Oijsdgkrk nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj rknbodijbgb oij uj rkdji cdinÿldoi8

  

Irlbjdsmis gkn lrupi Ojdgbrdis. _ij Kuobrditbs muntdoknunbrks. Ektkrÿtrifis gk vdgb ndcrk.

_kløj nb tbxijimíb gk \edttb`kr, ¹kj ouân rkdji cdinÿldoi sk onbsdfdobj nis Ojdgbrdis9 B) Fujld. C) Mijkrb. O) Qritdstb. G) Bjdmbndb.

;7) Nb sdludkjtk gksordpodÿj sk rknbodijb oij uj u j lrupi gk skrks vdvis8

Lkibstkr pkrtkjkok b uj lrupi gk skrks vdvis pnurdoknunbrks oij jdvkn gk irlbjdzbodÿj oknunbr gk pskugitkhdgis0 oij oänunbs kuobrdijtks y tdpi gk jutrdodÿj ektkrÿtrifb pir bcsirodÿj. _k kjoukjtrbj oijstdtudgis pir ujb mbsb fdnbmkjtisb gkjimdjbgb mdokndi.

_kløj nb tbxijimíb gk \edttb`kr y nb gksordpodÿj gbgb, Lkibstkr sk onbsdfdob kj kn rkdji cdinÿldoi gkjimdjbgi8 B) Fdjld. C) Qritdstb. O) Mijkrb. G) Bjdmbndb.



3<

;;) Oijsdgkrk nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sicrk uj skr vdvi rknbodijbgi oij uj rkdji cdinÿldoi8





Kn pnbsmigdum ks uj mdoriirlbjdsmi rkspijsbcnk rkspijsbcnk gk nb mbnbrdb mbnbrdb i pbnugdsmi. Ks uji gk nis blkjtks prdjodpbnks gk mirtbndgbg kj kn mujgi. _ij irlbjdsmis irlbjdsmis ujdoknunbrks ujdoknunbrks kuobrditbs quk sk mukvkj pir sdmpnks oijtrboodijks gkn oukrpi.

_kløj \edttb`kr, nb djfirmbodÿj bjtkrdir dgkjtdfdob bn rkdji cdinÿldoi gkjimdjbgi8 B) Fujld. C) Mijkrb. O) Qritdstb. G) Bjdmbndb.

;6) Oijsdgkrk nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj rkfkrdgb b uj rkdji cdinÿldoi8

  

Irlbjdsmi kuobrditb muntdoknunbr Gk eâcdtbt mbrdji y skgkjtbrdi Gk bndmkjtbodÿj ektkrÿtrifb

Gk boukrgi oij \edttb`kr, nb djfirmbodÿj bjtkrdir sk rkfdkrk bn rkdji cdinÿldoi gkjimdjbgi8 B) Bjdmbndb. C) Qritdstb. O) Mijkrb G) Fujld



35

;<) Nb kjfkrmkgbg gk trbjsmdsdÿj skxubn priguodgb pir uj vdrus, nb oubn oijsdstk kj kn gksbrrinni gk bmpinnbs ginirisbs, quk bn rimpkrsk kspbrokj nb djfkoodÿj, sk gkjimdjb8 B) _dfdnds C) Gkjluk O) Lijirrkb G) Ekrpks lkjdtbn

;5) Nbs sdludkjtks obrbotkrístdobs sk rkfdkrkj b ujb kjfkrmkgbg cbotkrdbjb8





Nis prdmkris prdmkris síjtimbs sij brgir y gdfdountbg bn irdjbr. Ks ujb kjfkrmkgbg gk trbjsmdsdÿj skxubn, obusbgb pir nb nb cbotkrdb Jkdsskrdb sp.

Nbs obrbotkrístdobs bjtkrdirks, sk rkfdkrkj b nb kjfkrmkgbg gkjimdjbgb8 B) Ekrpks lkjdtbn C) Lijirrkb O) Oÿnkrb G) _ífdnds ;4) Nkb nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj rknbodijbgb oij o ij ujb kjfkrmkgbg gk i rdlkj cbotkrdbjb8

_k gksbrrinnb fâodnmkjtk kj kn bpbrbti rkpriguotdvi, tbmcdäj bpbrkok kj K)nb ciob, nb lbrlbjtb, nis ihis y kn bji. Kjtrk nis sdljis y síjtimbs sk skjsbodÿj gk brgir bn irdjbr y ujb skorkodÿj skorkodÿj cnbjob F)kjoukjtrbj8 skjsbodÿj L)bmbrdnnb i vkrgisb kxpunsbgb pir nb urktrb. Kj kn vbrÿj, pukgk E)mbjdfkstbrsk kj iobsdijks ginir kj nis tkstíounis i djfnbmbodÿj. ¹Ouân ks kn jimcrk gk nb kjfkrmkgbg gksordtb kj kn tkxti bjtkrdir9 B) _ífdnds C) Oÿnkrb O) Lijirrkb G) Ekrpks lkjdtbn Ndo. Mbroi Bjtijdi Oucdnni Murrby


34

61) Kn sdludkjtk tkxti sk rknbodijb oij oi j ujb kjfkrmkgbg priguodgb pir gdvkrsis g dvkrsis blkjtks8

_k mbjdfdkstb oimi ujb djfkoodÿj kj nis punmijks obusbgb pir ujb lrbj vbrdkgbg gk mdoriirlbjdsmis oimi vdrus, cbotkrdbs, eijlis i pbrâsdtis, kjtrk itris.

Kn tkxti bjtkrdir sk rkfdkrk b nb kjfkrmkgbg gkjimdjbgb8 B) Brtkrdisonkrisds C) Mkjdjldtds O) Jkumijíb G) Ekpbtdtds

62) Nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sk rkfdkrk b ujb kjfkrmkgbg lkjätdob8

Ks nb ipbodgbg gkn ordstbndji kj kn mimkjti gk jbokr, kn oubn ks ujb kstruoturb djtrbiounbr kj firmb gk nkjtk quk pkrmdtk bn ihi kjfiobr nbs dmâlkjks kj nb rktdjb. _us obusbs sij vbrdbgbs, nbs mâs frkoukjtks sij nb ekrkjodb y nbs djfkoodijks vdrbnks quk bfkotbj b nb mbgrk gurbjtk kn kmcbrbzi oimi rucäinb, kn odtimklbnivdrus y nb vbrdoknb. ¹B quä kjfkrmkgbg sk rkfdkrk9 B) Gdbcktks C) Qbnbgbr ekjgdgi O) Obtbrbtb oijläjdtb G) Lnbuoimb oijläjdti



?1

63) Nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sk rknbodijb oij ujb mbnfirmbodÿj oijläjdtb8





Buskjodb i pioi gksbrrinni gksbrrinni gk nb vânvunb trdoøspdgk. Icstruoodÿj gkn fnuhi gk sbjlrk gksgk nb buríounb gkrkoeb bn vkjtríouni gkrkoei.

¹Ouân ks kn jimcrk gk nb mbnfirmbodÿj rkfkrdgb kj nb djfirmbodÿj bjtkrdir9 B) Kspdjb cífdgb C) Edpkrtkjsdÿj brtkrdbn O) Lnbuoimb oijläjdti G) Obrgdipbtíb oijläjdtb

6?) Nis sdludkjtks tkxtis sk rknbodijbj oij oimpijkjtks gkn koisdstkmb

D.

Qir kjodmb kjodmb gk nis ?111 m. gk bntdtug, nb vdgb sk kjfrkjtb kjfrkjtb b oijgdodijks djeÿspdtbs. Qir ujb pbrtk, nb objtdgbg gk ixílkji gdspijdcnk kj nb btmÿsfkrb gdsmdjuyk râpdgbmkjtk oijfirmk bumkjtb nb bntdtug. Qir itrb pbrtk, nb tkmpkrbturb ks muoei mkjir quk kj nb supkrfdodk.

DD.

Bpbrtk gk bnlujbs cbotkrdbs, sinbmkjtk ujbs piobs picnbodijks gk kspkodks gk bvks oijsdlukj sicrkvdvdr, b lrbjgks bntdtugks.

¹B quä oimpijkjtks gkn koisdstkmb sk rkfdkrkj nis tkxtis D y DD rkspkotdvbmkjtk9 B) Bcdÿtdoi y bcdÿtdoi C) Bcdÿtdoi y cdÿtdoi O) Cdÿtdoi y bcdÿtdoi G) Cdÿtdoi y cdÿtdoi Ndo. Mbroi Bjtijdi Oucdnni Murrby


?2

67) Nkb kn sdludkjtk tkxti sicrk uj u j oimpijkjtk gk uj koisdstkmb8 Kj koinilíb, oij kstk viobcni sk gksordck bn oijhujti gk skrks vdvis gk gdfkrkjtks kspkodks (bjdmbnks y vklktbnks, câsdobmkjtk) quk oimpbrtkj uj bmcdkjtk djtkrbotøbj oijstbjtkmkjtk. Bgkmâs sk ebok rkfkrkjodb b su kxdstkjodb tkmpirbn. ¹B ouân oimpijkjtk sk rkfdkrk kn tkxti bjtkrdir9 B) Oimujdgbg C) Qicnbodÿj O) Djgdvdgui G) Cdisfkrb

6;) Nkb nb sdludkjtk gksordpodÿj rknbodijbgb oij uj oimpijkjtk cdÿtdoi8 Kj kn Qbrquk gk nb Qbz, kj nb nblujb, sk icskrvb fâodnmkjtk uj oijhujti gk pbtis bndmkjtâjgisk gk bnlbs. Okrob. Kj kn oäspkg, uj lrupi gk eirmdlbs sk bndmkjtb gk ujb irulb mukrtb. Nis pbtis, nbs eirmdlbs y nb irulb gkn pbrquk gk nb Qbz firmbj kj oijhujti ujb8 B) Kspkodk C) Cdisfkrb O) Qicnbodÿj G) Oimujdgbg 66) Nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sk rknbodijb oij ujb vbrdbcnk quk gktkrmdjb nb gkjsdgbg gk jsdgbg gk ujb picnbodÿj8 Kj kn bòi 3117 nb picnbodÿj gk nb odlþkòb jklrb (Odoijdb Jdlrb) kj nb Qkjíjsunb Dcärdob krb gk 71; pbrkhbs rkpriguotirbs sklurbs y 5? pisdcnks pbrkhbs rkpriguotirbs, ni quk supijk uj bumkjti sdljdfdobtdvi, sds k oimpbrb oij kn bjtkrdir okjsi rkbndzbgi kj 245<, gijgk sk rkldstrbrij 21? pbrkhbs rkpriguotirbs y 7; pisdcnks. ¹Ouân ks kn jimcrk gk nb vbrdbcnk b nb quk sk rkfdkrk nb gksordpodÿj bjtkrdir9 B) Djmdlrbodÿj C) Kmdlrbodÿj O) Mirtbndgbg G) Jbtbndgbg Ndo. Mbroi Bjtijdi Oucdnni Murrby


?3

6<) Oijsdgkrk nb sdludkjtk bfdrmbodÿj rkfkrdgb b u jb vbrdbcnk quk bntkrb nb gkjsdgbg gk jsdgbg gk ujb picnbodÿj8 Nb tirtulb vkrgk bjdgb kj lrupi sbndkjgi kj lrbjgks brrdcbgbs. Qijk kjtrk 211 y 2;1 eukvis jirmbnmkjtk. Nb djoucbodÿj timb kjtrk ?1 y 41 gíbs, pkri ni usubn ks kjtrk 7; y 61 gíbs. Kn tkxti bjtkrdir sk rkfdkrk b nb vbrdbcnk gkjimdjbgb8 B) Jbtbndgbg C) Mirtbndgbg O) Kmdlrbodÿj G) Djmdlrbodÿj 65) Oijsdgkrk nis sdludkjtks tkxtis rknbodijbgis oij djtkrboodijks kjtrk nis skrks v dvis8

D.

_k gb gb oubjgi oubjgi ujb picnbodÿj picnbodÿj sk bndmkjtb bn bjdqudnbr b itrb u itrbs picnbodijks. Qbrb kn fujodijbmdkjti gk nb jbturbnkzb rksuntb ckjkfdodisb yb quk suprdmkj b nis djgdvdguis ji bgbptbgis i kjfkrmis y/i prkvdkjkj nb supkrpicnbodÿj.

DD.

Ks kn rksuntbgi gk nb jkoksdgbg quk tdkjkj nis nis skrks vdvis pbrb sicrkvdvdr gk nis knkmkjtis gkn mkgdi bmcdkjtk y nis oubnks ji sk kjoukjtrbj kj objtdgbg sufdodkjtk pbrb tigis. Kjtrk bjdmbnks sk priguok prdjodpbnmkjtk pir bndmkjti, pkri tbmcdäj pukgk ebokrni pir kn tkrrdtirdi y nb pbrkhb. Kstb djtkrboodÿj ji dmpndob, jkoksbrdbmkjtk ujb nuoeb oirpirbn.

¹Oij quä tdpi gk djtkrboodijks sk rknbodijbj nis tkxtis bjtkrdirks9 B) D oimkjsbndsmi y DDDD oimpktkjodb C) D oimkjsbndsmi oimkjsbndsmi y DD mutubndsmi O) D gkprkgbodÿj y DDDD oimpktkjodb oimpktkjodb G) D gkprkgbodÿj y DD mutubndsmi



??

64) Kn gdblrbmb sdludkjtk rkprkskjtb jdvknks j dvknks trÿfdois gk uj koisdstkmb edpitätdoi8

Âludnbs _krpdkjtks y Nkoeuzbs Lirrdijks y Tdlþdrris Qnbjtbs

Gk boukrgi oij nb djfirmbodÿj djfirmbo dÿj bjtkrdir, kn jdvkn trÿfdoi ekrcíviris kstâ rkprkskjtbgi pir8 B) Âludnbs C) Qnbjtbs O) Lirrdijks y Tdlþdrris G) _krpdkjtks y nkoeuzbs

<1) Nb sdludkjtk rkprkskjtbodÿj sk rknbodijb oij oi j uj jdvkn trÿfdoi8

_kløj kn gdcuhi bjtkrdir ¹kj quä jdvkn trÿfdoi sk ucdob kn sbpi9 B) Gksoimpijkgir C) Obrjíviri O) Ekrcíviri G) Qriguotir



<2) Nkb nb sdludkjtk gksordpodÿj gk g k uj odoni cdilkiquímdoi8





Qbsb pir kn sukni sukni pir nb nb gksdjtklrbodÿj irlâjdob, i cdkj, pir nbs ekoks i nb irdjb y bsí pukgk vinvkr b nis sdstkmbs vklktbnks. [j tdpi tdpi gk cbotkrdbs y nb oimcustdÿj, oimcustdÿj, sij gis gk gk nis nis mkobjdsmis mkobjdsmis pir nis quk pukgk rktirjbr b nb btmÿsfkrb y oijtdjubr sdkjgi kn knkmkjti mâs bcujgbjtk kj knnb.

Nb gksordpodÿj bjtkrdir, ¹b ouân sdoni cdilkiquímdoi cdilki químdoi oirrkspijgk9 B) Bzufrk C) Fÿsfiri O) Ixílkji G) Jdtrÿlkji

<3) Oijsdgkrk Oijsdgkrk nis sdludkjtks sdlu dkjtks tkxtis oirrkspijgdkjtks b tdpis gk koisdstkmbs8 D.

[cdobgi kj nb oistb jirkstk gk Bustrbndb y oijfirmbgi pir bn mkjis 3511 oimujdgbgks gk brrkodfks. Bnlujis oijfirmbj ujb cbrrkrb gk oirbn quk botøb oimi rimpkinbs okrob gkn nímdtk gk nb pnbtbfirmb oijtdjkjtbn, itris sij pkqukòis pbroeks oirbndjis kj blubs mkjis prifujgbs. Nb kspnäjgdgb oimujdgbg sk kxtdkjgk b ni nbrli gk mâs gk 3111 `dnÿmktris. Bnní vdvk ujb gdvkrsdgbg gk kspkodks tbj lrbjgk quk eb sdgi oimpbrbgb opj nb gk nis cisquks tripdobnks.

DD.

Kn cisquk eømkgi tripdobn gk Ckndok prkskjtb ujb vklktbodÿj oij ârcinks gk lrbj bnturb y uj sukni picrk kj mdjkrbnks, nb prkodpdtbodÿj ks bntb pir ni quk nb mbyir pbrtk gkn tdkmpi pkrmbjkok eømkgi. Nb gurbodÿj gkn gíb y nb jioek ks ujdfirmk, bsí oimi nb tkmpkrbturb gurbjtk tigi kn bòi (tkmpkrbturb primkgdi 37 iO). Oijtdkjk nb mbyir gdvkrsdgbg gk skrks vdvis.

Kj nis tkxtis bjtkrdirks sk gksordckj g ksordckj b nis koisdstkmbs8 B) D jbturbn bouâtdoi y DD brtdfdodbn urcbjb C) D jbturbn bouâtdoi y DD jbturbn tkrrkstrk O) D brtdfdodbn brtdfdodbn pdsoíoinb y DDDD jbturbn tkrrkstrk tkrrkstrk G) D brtdfdodbn brtdfdodbn pdsoíoinb y DDDD brtdfdodbn blríoinb Ndo. Mbroi Bjtijdi Oucdnni Murrby

?7




_k gksbrrinnb kj suknis gknlbgis, gknlbgis, picrks, âodgis y gk päsdmi grkjbhk. _k niobndzb niobndzb gksgk Obòbs Obòbs ebstb nb nb frijtkrb oij Jdobrblub. Jdobrblub.

Ks ujb firmbodÿj lrbmíjkbs.





ekrcâokb

oimpukstb

prdjodpbnmkjtk

pir

Khkmpnis8 nbs nbs pnbjtbs odpkrâokbs, nbs girmdnijbs, girmdnijbs, nis nis mirdskois y nbs nbs bobodbs.

¹B ouân firmbodÿj vklktbn ebok rkfkrkjodb nb djfirmbodÿj bjtkrdir9 B) Qârbmi sucbnpdji C) Cisquk gk mbjlnbr O) _bcbjb y mbtirrbn kspdjisi G) Cisquk muy eømkgi sdkmprk vkrgk gk cbhb bntdtug <7) Nkb nb sdludkjtk djfirmbodÿj sicrk uj tdpi gk firmbodÿj vklktbn gk Oistb Sdob8 

Nb tkmpkrbturb isodnb kjtrk ? iO y 6 iO, bujquk pukgk nnklbr b 1 iO.



Nb prkodpdtbodÿj bjubn vbríb kjtrk 2311 y 3111 mm.



Qrkskjtb ujb firmbodÿj firmbodÿj ekrcâokb y brcustdvb gk bnturb. bnturb. Beí sk sk icskrvbj nbs odpkrâokbs, nis muslis y nis níqukjks.

¹B ouân tdpi gk djfirmbodÿj vklktbn oirrkspijgk nb djfirmbodÿj odtbgb9 B) Cisquk muy eømkgi sdkmprk vkrgk mijtbji C) Cisquk skmdgkodgui kstbodijbn sucmijtbji O) Mbtirrbn kspdjisi G) Qârbmi sucbnpdji


?;

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Examen de Bachillerato de Biología de práctica con Solucionario 2013

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