XMBJ 9
\memrmongjs dmigsdjtgvjs
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
Dmy 8>/<1:1, hm >1 hm hgngmblrm, hmd smrvgng` p`stjd uogvmrsjd, hm d`s hmrmnf`s hm d`s usujrg`s y hmd bmrnjh` p`stjd, nuyj ódtgbj b`hgegnjngþo sm fj pr`hungh` p`r Dmy :9/<1:<, hm <9 hm hgngmblrm, hm Qrmsupumst`s Imomrjdms hmd Mstjh` pjrj md jú` <1:> \mjd Hmnrmt` :5>9/<1::, hm :8 hm o`vgmblrm, p`r md qum sm mstjldmnm dj n`bp`sgngþo, n`bpmtmongjs y rçigbmo hm euong`ojbgmot` hm dj N`bgsgþo Egdjtçdgnj hmd Mstjh` y sm rmiudjo djs mbgsg`oms hm smdd`s hm n`rrm` y `tr`s sgio`s hm erjoqum` Dmy 9/<1:<, hm <7 hm `ntulrm, hm b`hgegnjngþo hm dj o`rbjtgvj trglutjrgj y prmsupumstjrgj y hm jhmnujngþo hm dj o`rbjtgvj egojongmrj pjrj dj gotmosgegnjngþo hm djs jntujng`oms mo dj prmvmongþo y dunfj n`otrj md erjuhm, nuyj ódtgbj b`hgegnjngþo sm fj pr`hungh` p`r Dmy >8/<1:=, hm <: hm smptgmblrm, hm b`hgegnjngþo pjrngjd hm dj Dmy =6/<11>, hm :9 hm hgngmblrm, Imomrjd Xrglutjrgj \mjd Hmnrmt` :6<7/:777, hm > hm hgngmblrm, p`r md qum sm jprumlj md \midjbmot` p`r md qum sm rmiudj dj prmstjngþo hm d`s smrvgng`s p`stjdms, mo hmsjrr`dd` hm d` mstjldmngh` mo dj Dmy <8/:776, hm :> hm cudg`, hmd ^mrvgng` Q`stjd ]ogvmrsjd y hm Dglmrjdgzjngþo hm d`s ^mrvgng`s Q`stjdms, nuyj ódtgbj b`hgegnjngþo sm fj pr`hungh` p`r \mjd Hmnrmt` =1>/<119, hm <1 hm jlrgd, p`r md qum sm b`hgegnj md \mjd Hmnrmt` :6<7/:777, hm > hm hgngmblrm, p`r md qum sm jprumlj md \midjbmot` p`r md qum sm rmiudj dj prmstjngþo hm d`s smrvgng`s p`stjdms mo hmsjrr`dd` hm d` mstjldmngh` mo dj Dmy <8/:776, hm :> hm cudg`, hmd smrvgng` p`stjd uogvmrsjd y hm dglmrjdgzjngþo hm d`s smrvgng`s p`stjdms \mjd Hmnrmt` :5:7/<1:<, hm >1 hm o`vgmblrm, p`r md qum sm jprumlj md \midjbmot` p`r md qum sm rmiudjo djs `ldgijng`oms hm ejnturjngþo, nuyj ódtgbj b`hgegnjngþo sm fj pr`hungh` p`r \mjd Hmnrmt` :19=/<1:9, hm <7 hm hgngmblrm, p`r md qum sm b`hgegnjo md \midjbmot` hmd Gbpumst` s`lrm md Ujd`r Jújhgh`, jpr`ljh` p`r md \mjd Hmnrmt` :5<8/:77<, hm <7 hm hgngmblrm, md \midjbmot` hmd Gbpumst` s`lrm Xrjosbgsg`oms Qjtrgb`ogjdms y Jnt`s Curâhgn`s H`nubmotjh`s, jpr`ljh` p`r md \mjd Hmnrmt` 6<6/:77=, hm <7 hm bjy`, md \midjbmot` hm d`s Gbpumst`s Mspmngjdms, jpr`ljh` p`r md \mjd Hmnrmt` ::5=/:77=, hm 9 hm cudg`, md \midjbmot` hmd Gbpumst` s`lrm d`s Ijsms Edu`rjh`s hm Memnt` Govmrojhmr`, jpr`ljh` p`r md \mjd Hmnrmt` :18, hm <9 hm hgngmblrm, md \midjbmot` p`r md qum sm rmiudjo djs `ldgijng`oms hm ejnturjngþo, jpr`ljh` p`r md \mjd Hmnrmt` :5:7/<1:<, hm >1 hm o`vgmblrm, md \mjd Hmnrmt` >86=/<111, hm <7 hm hgngmblrm, s`lrm erjoqugngjs y mxmong`oms mo rçigbmo hgpd`bêtgn`, n`osudjr y hm `rijogsb`s gotmrojng`ojdms y hm b`hgegnjngþo hmd \midjbmot` Imomrjd hm Umfânud`s, jpr`ljh` p`r md \mjd Hmnrmt` <6< hm hgngmblrm, y md \mjd Hmnrmt` :15=/<119, hm <9 hm cudg`, p`r md qum sm jprumlj md \midjbmot` Imomrjd hm djs jntujng`oms y d`s pr`nmhgbgmot`s hm imstgþo m gospmnngþo trglutjrgj y hm hmsjrr`dd` hm djs o`rbjs n`buoms hm d`s pr`nmhgbgmot`s hm jpdgnjngþo hm d`s trglut`s \mjd Hmnrmt` :>9/:77>, hm <7 hm momr`, p`r md qum sm jprumlj md \midjbmot` hm Jrbjs, nuyj ódtgbj b`hgegnjngþo sm fj pr`hungh` p`r @rhmo GOX/:116/<1:9, hm > hm cudg`, p`r dj qum sm hmsjrr`ddj md rçigbmo jpdgnjldm j djs pgst`djs pgst`djs y d`s rmvþdvmrms hmt`ojh`rms Dmy >7/<1:=, hm : hm `ntulrm, hmd Qr`nmhgbgmot` Jhbgogstrjtgv` N`bóo hm djs Jhbgogstrjng`oms Qóldgnjs
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<8:
\ms`dungþo hm :5 hm momr` hm <1:6, n`ocuotj hm dj ^ulsmnrmtjrâj hm E`bmot` y hm dj ^ulsmnrmtjrâj hm Fjngmohj y Euongþo Qóldgnj, p`r dj qum sm b`hgegnj dj hm :< hm cuog` hm <11:, s`lrm njocm hm sgio`s hm erjoqum` hmo`bgojh`s mo pmsmtjs p`r `tr`s hmo`bgojh`s mo mur`s \ms`dungþo hm <1 hm hgngmblrm hm <115, n`ocuotj hm djs ^ulsmnrmtjrâjs hm E`bmot` y hm Mn`o`bâj y Fjngmohj, s`lrm mbgsgþo y pumstj mo ngrnudjngþo hm uoj smrgm hm smdd`s hm N`rrm`s hmo`bgojhj «smdd`s pmrs`ojdgzjh`s»
Ymlirjeâj
@rgimo hm d`s h`nubmot`s modjzjh`s3 fttps3//www.l`m.ms. Emnfj hm n`osudtj jlrgd <1:6
@lcmtgv`s
N`o`nmr nþb` sm jrtgnudjo d`s hgstgot`s pr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo mo dj ^`ngmhjh Mstjtjd hm N`rrm`s y Xmdçirje`s Jojdgzjr d`s hgstgot`s sgstmbjs hm erjoqum` Mxjbgojr d`s hgstgot`s sgstmbjs hm pji` jhbgtgh`s mo djs `egngojs hm N`rrm`s
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
:. E\JOZ]M@. Q\GONGQG Q\GONGQG@^ @^ IMOM\JDM IMOM\JDM^^ ^mióo dj Dmy 8>/<1:1, hm >1 hm hgngmblrm, hmd ^mrvgng` Q`stjd ]ogvmrsjd (^Q]), hm d`s hmrmnf`s hm d`s usujrg`s y hmd bmrnjh` p`stjd, d`s bmhg`s hm erjoqum` s`o jqumdd`s memnt`s ` sgio`s qum jnrmhgtjo md pji` hm d`s smrvgng`s p`stjdms j d`s `pmrjh`rms p`stjdms qum prmstmo smrvgng`s gondugh`s mo md ^Q]. ^m n`osghmrjrêo n`b` tjdms bmhg`s d`s smdd`s hm n`rrm`s, qum s`d` pumhm utgdgzjr md `pmrjh`r hmsgiojh` n`o memnt` dglmrjt`rg`; d`s s`lrms; djs tjrcmtjs y njrtjs-s`lrms n`o smdd`s ` sgio`s hgstgotgv`s prmvgjbmotm mstjbpjh`s; djs gbprmsg`oms hm bêqugojs hm erjoqumjr; y djs mstjbpgddjs hm erjoqum` mxpmhghjs p`r hgstrglugh`rjs jut`bêtgnjs gostjdjhjs p`r md `pmrjh`r hmsgiojh`, jsâ n`b` nujot`s jrtânud`s ` pr`hunt`s smjo hmegogh`s bmhgjotm djs n`rrmsp`ohgmotms hgsp`sgng`oms n`b` gostrubmot`s hm erjoqum`. Md `pmrjh`r hmsgiojh` hmlmrê jhbgtgr t`h`s d`s movâ`s sg sm prmsmotjo n`o d`s bmhg`s hm erjoqum` hmsnrgt`s mo dj Dmy. Jhmbês, p`hrê jn`rhjr n`o sus ndgmotms nujdmsqugmrj `tr`s sgstmbjs hm pji`, tjdms n`b` md pji` hgemrgh`, md erjoqum` mo hmstgo` y md prmpji`, jsâ n`b` nujdqugmr `tr` bmhg` jhbgtgh` mo hmrmnf`. D`s movâ`s p`stjdms gotmrojng`ojdms hmlghjbmotm erjoqumjh`s mo md pjâs hm `rgimo tmohrêo erjonj ngrnudjngþo p`r md tmrrgt`rg` mspjú`d, hm n`oe`rbghjh n`o dj o`rbjtgvj hm dj ]ogþo Q`stjd ]ogvmrsjd.
Dmy 8>/<1:1, hm >1 hm hgngmblrm, hmd smrvgng` p`stjd uogvmrsjd, hm d`s hmrmnf`s hm d`s usujrg`s y hmd bmrnjh` p`stjd
:.: ^ G^X MBJ ^ HM E\JO Z]M @ J. ^mdd`s ^ mdd`s hm N`rrm`s D`s smdd`s s`o tr`z`s pmqumú`s hm pjpmd, n`o tgblrm `egngjd hm egiurjs ` sgio`s, irjljh`s n`o dj pjdjlrj —N@\\M@^ M^QJÚJ‒. D`s n`oemnng`oj md Mstjh` j trjvçs hm dj Eêlrgnj Ojng`ojd hm B`omhj y Xgblrm (EOBX). O` sm mbgtgrêo smdd`s qum rmprmsmotmo dj gbjimo hm pmrs`ojs vgvjs, sjdv` d`s qum sm hmhgqumo j dj Ejbgdgj \mjd. Mxnmpng`ojdbmotm, dj N`bgsgþo p`hrê pr`p`omr dj mbgsgþo hm smdd`s qum gon`rp`rmo dj gbjimo hm pmrs`ojs vgvjs nujoh` n`onurrjo ngrnuostjongjs hm âoh`dm nudturjd, hmp`rtgvj, ngmotâegnj, gostgtung`ojd ` nujdqugmr `trj joêd`ij j djs jotmrg`rms qum jsâ d` custgegqumo. Mo t`h` njs`, fjlrêo hm rmspmtjrsm djs prmvgsg`oms mstjldmnghjs mo dj o`rbjtgvj mo bjtmrgj hm pr`tmnngþo ngvgd hm hmrmnf` jd f`o`r, j dj gotgbghjh pmrs`ojd y ejbgdgjr y j dj pr`pgj gbjimo, jsâ n`b` j dj hmbês o`rbjtgvj qum rmsudtm jpdgnjldm. O` sm rmjdgzjrêo mbgsg`oms hm smdd`s qum rmprmsmotmo membçrghms ` nmdmlrmo jogvmrsjrg`s hm jn`otmngbgmot`s n`o jotgiômhjh goemrg`r j vmgotgngon` jú`s, og sm rmgtmrjrêo mbgsg`oms rmdjtgvjs j tjdms membçrghms ` jogvmrsjrg`s jotms hm qum fjyjo trjosnurrgh` vmgotgngon` jú`s hmshm dj jotmrg`r. ^m rmspmtjrêo djs rmn`bmohjng`oms hmd Nþhgi` hm`ot`dþign` hm dj ]ogþo Q`stjd ]ogvmrsjd Dj mdjl`rjngþo hmd pr`irjbj joujd hm mbgsg`oms hm smdd`s sm jcustjrê j djs sgiugmotms o`rbjs3 - Md oóbmr` joujd hm mbgsg`oms hm smdd`s y `tr`s sgio`s hm erjoqum`, sjdv` hmngsgþo hmd Qrmsghmotm, o` mxnmhmrê hm 71. - Md pr`irjbj hmlmrê n`otmomr djs mbgsg`oms hm njrêntmr egc` y djs smrgms pdurgjoujdms. Jhmbês, p`hrêo gondugrsm mo md pr`irjbj djs oumvjs smrgms hmegoghjs p`r dj N`bgsgþo, djs membçrghms y tmbjs hm jntujdghjh, y djs pmtgng`oms qum dj N`bgsgþo jnumrhm jtmohmr. - Md pr`irjbj hmlmrê rmn`imr, pjrj njhj mbgsgþo, su hmo`bgojngþo y, mo su njs`, md b`tgv` hm dj s`dgngtuh. Dj pr`irjbjngþo joujd hm mbgsg`oms hm smdd`s y hmbês sgio`s hm erjoqum` smrê jut`rgzjhj. X`hj pmrs`oj eâsgnj ` curâhgnj, póldgnj ` prgvjhj, p`hrê s`dgngtjr, j trjvçs hm dj ^mnrmtjrâj hm dj N`bgsgþo Egdjtçdgnj hmd Mstjh`, dj mbgsgþo hm uo smdd` hm n`rrm` ` sgio` hm erjoqum`.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<8>
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
Djs pmtgng`oms hmlmrêo fjnmrsm, n`b` bâogb`, n`o h`nm bmsms hm jotmdjngþo j dj emnfj pr`pumstj, mo su njs`, pjrj su mbgsgþo. O` sm t`bjrêo mo n`osghmrjngþo djs rmgtmrjng`oms rmgtmrjng`oms hm s`dgngtuhms hmomijhjs hmomijhjs fjstj qum fjyjo trjosnurrgh` jd bmo`s trms jú`s hmshm dj emnfj hm dj jotmrg`r s`dgngtuh.
^mdd` hm N`rrm`s, hmhgnjh` j dj pjpgr`edmxgj.
Djs mbgsg`oms hm smdd`s hm n`rrm` y hmbês sgio`s hm erjoqum` smrêo jut`rgzjhjs bmhgjotm rms`dungþo n`ocuotj hm d`s ^ulsmnrmtjrg`s hm E`bmot` y hm Mn`o`bâj y Fjngmohj. ^gmbprm qum mstç `egngjdbmotm mbgtgh`, md smdd` hm n`rrm`s tgmom p`hmr dglmrjt`rg` hmd gbp`rtm hmd erjoqum` mo dj nujotâj qum mo md bgsb` sm n`osgioj, s`d` pumhm smr utgdgzjh` n`o memnt`s dglmrjt`rg`s p`r md `pmrjh`r hmsgiojh`. Xjblgço sm mbgtmo, n`b` b`hjdghjh hm erjoqum`, rmpr`hunng`oms hmd pr`pg` tgblrm p`stjd, mo s`lrm, tjrcmtjs p`stjdms y njrtjs-s`lrm. Mo mstj ódtgbj b`hjdghjh sm monumotrjo d`s s`lrms prmerjoqumjh`s hm vmotj mo t`hjs djs `egngojs hm dj rmh. D`s smdd`s p`hrêo vmohmrsm dmymoh` md nþhgi` hm ljrrjs qum vgmom mo md pdgmi` ` mo d`s smdd`s gohgvghujdms
j. Njocm hm smdd`s Dj \ms`dungþo hm :5 hm momr` hm <1:6, n`ocuotj hm dj ^ulsmnrmtjrâj hm E`bmot` y hm dj ^ulsmnrmtjrâj hm Fjngmohj y Euongþo Qóldgnj, mstjldmnm qum, tmogmoh` mo numotj md tgmbp` trjosnurrgh` hmshm dj motrjhj mo vgi`r hm dj o`rbjtgvj hm gotr`hunngþo jd mur` (bês hm := jú`s) y hjh` qum md pmrâ`h` hm njocm hm lgddmtms y b`omhjs hm pmsmtjs j mur`s mo md Ljon` hm Mspjúj sm fj b`hgegnjh`, mstjldmngmoh` uo pdjz` qum egojdgzj md >: hm hgngmblrm hm <1<1, pjrmnm jn`osmcjldm qum md njocm hm d`s sgio`s hm erjoqum` mxprmsjh`s mo pmsmtjs sm rmjdgnm p`r tgmbp` dgbgtjh`. Q`r mstjs rjz`oms y jd `lcmt` hm jrb`ogzjr md pmrg`h` hm njocm hm d`s sgio`s hm erjoqum` n`o md njocm hm lgddmtms y b`omhjs sm n`osghmrj n`ovmogmotm b`hgegnjr md puot` qugot`, pêrrje` smiuoh`, hm dj \ms`dungþo hm :< hm cuog` hm <11: mstjldmngmoh` qum md njocm hm mst`s sgio`s hm erjoqum` sm pumhj rmjdgzjr fjstj md >: hm hgngmblrm hm <1<1.
<88
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
l. Qr`nms` hm njcj mo N`rrm`s D`s njocms p`r vjd`r bjy`r j 511 ₤ o` sm pumhmo rmjdgzjr mo dj @egngoj, fjy qum goe`rbjr jd ndgmotm qum d` hmlm hm fjnmr hgrmntjbmotm mo dj ]oghjh Nmotrjd hm Njocm. Njocmjr smdd`s ` s`lrms, tjrcmtjs y njrtjs-s`lrm nuy` vjd`r t`tjd o` supmrm d`s 511 ₤, sm pumhm rmjdgzjr p`r n`rrm` j trjvçs hm djs `egngojs. Qjrj mdd`, md ndgmotm hmlm prmsmotjr3 - ^`dgngtuh b`hmd` b`hmd` H<-smdd`s-mur` nubpdgbmotjh` p`r trgpdgnjh`. Mstm b`hmd` sm hmsnjrij hmsnjrij hmshm N`omntj.
E`rbudjrg` njlm hm smdd`s. - E`t`n`pgj hmd h`nubmot` hm ghmotgegnjngþo. - ^`lrm jpt` jpt` pjrj md movâ` hmd vjd`r egdjtçdgn` n`o dj hgrmnngþo hgrmnngþo hm3 ]oghjh Nmotrjd hm Njocm n/ Fgmhrj s/o -mhgegng` hm N`rrm`s- <6191 Bjhrgh. - X`h`s d`s smdd`s j njocmjr. - Gbprms` B:: hmlghjbmotm nubpdgbmotjh`. ^g md ndgmotm o` trjm rmddmo` md gbprms` H<, md mbpdmjh` qum vj j nursjr md njocm hmlm hmsnjrijrd` hm dj gotrjomt y rmddmojrd`s njbp`s n`rrmsp`ohgmotms j3
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<8=
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
-
Hjt`s hmd s`dgngtjotm. Hjt`s hm dj `egngoj qum jhbgtm md Njocm. Hmtjddm hm d`s smdd`s j njocmjr jirupjh`s p`r vjd`r ejngjd y o³ hm uoghjhms, dj jpdgnjngþo hmv`dvmrê md gbp`rtm t`tjd mo pmsmtjs y md n`otrjvjd`r mo mur`s hmd t`tjd hm d`s smdd`s j njocmjr. - Gohgnjr o`blrm y njri` hmd mbpdmjh`. J n`otgoujngþo, sm gbprgbm p`r trgpdgnjh`, sm egrbj y smddj, n`o md smdd` hm emnfjs y sm motrmij jd ndgmotm pjrj qum d` egrbm. ]oj vmz n`bpr`ljh`s t`h`s d`s hjt`s, dj pmrs`oj hm jtmongþo jd ndgmotm, gotr`hunm mo md s`lrm3 - Md `rgigojd hmd b`hmd` H<-smdd`s-mur`. - X`h`s d`s smdd`s j njocmjr. - N`pgj n`tmcjhj hmd h`nubmot` hm ghmotghjh. Ngmrrj md s`lrm y d` nursj n`b` Ujd`r Egdjtçdgn`. Mo md s`lrm gohgnjrê n`b` hmndjrjngþo hm vjd`r md t`tjd hmd n`otrjvjd`r mo mur`s hm d`s smdd`s, dm jhfgmrm uoj mtgqumtj hm nþhgi` hm ljrrjs hm Ujd`r Hmndjrjh`, y prmngotj md s`lrm. Md movâ` ms irjtugt` pjrj md ndgmotm, p`r d` qum, jd rmigstrjr dj jhbgsgþo mo md sgstmbj, sm hmlm gohgnjr n`b` erjoqum` gogngjd md t`tjd hmd vjd`r hmd bgsb`. Jd ndgmotm sm dm motrmij dj smiuohj n`pgj hmd b`hmd` H<-smdd`s-mur` y md B -::J vjdghjh`. Dj tmrnmrj n`pgj hmd b`hmd` H<-smdd`s-mur` sm jrnfgvj mo dj `egngoj. ^m hgrgigrê jd ndgmotm j dj ]oghjh Nmotrjd hm Njocm (Jtmongþo jd póldgn`)
Djs mstjbpdgddjs, smdd`s hm Joh`rrj Joh`rrj y d`s njocms p`r vjd`r bjy`r j 511 ₤ hmlm rmjdgzjrd`s md ndgmotm hgrmntjbmotm mo dj ]oghjh Nmotrjd hm Njocm. Jsgbgsb`, sm njocmjrêo hgrmntjbmotm mo mstj uoghjh d`s s`lrms, tjrcmtjs y njrtjs-s`lrm n`o smdd`s prmvgjbmotm mstjbpjh`s nuy` vjd`r ejngjd mstç hmo`bgojh` sþd` mo pmsmtjs. ^m mxnduymo hm njocm d`s memnt`s hm djs jotgiujs hmpmohmongjs p`stjdms mspjú`djs, md gbp`rtm hm djs s`lrmtjsjs, jsâ n`b` d`s yj utgdgzjh`s, d`s bjogpudjh`s y d`s qum fulgmrjo sgh` bjtjsmddjh`s.
L. ^mdd`s u `tr`s sgio`s hgstgotgv`s prmvgjbmotm mstjbpjh`s ^mrvgrêo n`b` erjoqum`, sgmbprm qum mstço `egngjdbmotm mbgtgh`s, d`s smdd`s ` sgio`s hgstgotgv`s qum mstço gon`rp`rjh`s j dj nulgmrtj hmd movâ` p`stjd, sgmoh` dj vmotj hm dj nulgmrtj (s`lrms, tjrcmtjs y njrtjs-s`lrm) y dj rmjdgzjngþo hmd erjoqum` memntujhjs sgbudtêomjbmotm.
N. Gbprmsg`oms hm bêqugojs hm erjoqumjr ^m p`hrêo erjoqumjr n`o bêqugojs t`h`s jqumdd`s pr`hunt`s qum mstço gondugh`s mo d`s jomx`s hm d`s n`otrjt`s motrm md ndgmotm, mbprmsj n`djl`rjh`rj ` motghjh n`os`dghjh`rj y N`rrm`s, y qum smjo ejnturjldms p`r d`s sgstmbjs hm N`rrm`s. N`rrm`s, smióo d`s rmqumrgbgmot`s hmegogh`s, jpr`ljrê d`s hgstgot`s b`hmd`s hm bêqugojs hm erjoqumjr y sgstmbjs hm rmnjrij js`ngjh`s prmstjh`s p`r d`s pr`vmmh`rms jut`rgzjh`s hm smrvgng` hm erjoqum`. Hmd bgsb` b`h` hmtmrbgojrê j d`s `pmrjh`rms jut`rgzjh`s j rmjdgzjr djs tjrmjs hm bjotmogbgmot` m gospmnngþo hm d`s bgsb`s. D`s tgtudjrms hm bêqugojs o` pumhmo erjoqumjr `trj n`rrmsp`ohmongj qum dj hm su pr`pgmhjh, n`o djs mxnmpng`oms sgiugmotms3 - D`s f`tmdms ` mstjldmngbgmot`s mstjldmngbgmot`s sgbgdjrms sgbgdjrms pumhmo erjoqumjr n`o n`o su bêqugoj dj n`rrmsp`ohmongj n`rrmsp`ohmongj hm djs pmrs`ojs jd`cjhjs mo mdd`s.
<85
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
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Djs mbprmsjs, dj hm sus sunursjdms ` egdgjdms, sgmbprm qum sm fjij n`ostjr n`ostjr mo d`s s`lrms ` nulgmrtjs nulgmrtjs md omx` qum djs uom. Djs mbprmsjs hm puldgnghjh hgrmntj, dj hm hm sus ndgmotms ndgmotms sgmbprm qum sm mxprmsm mo djs mstjbpjng`oms md o`blrm ` rjzþo s`ngjd hm dj mbprmsj puldgngtjrgj. Dj n`rrmsp`ohmongj n`rrmsp`ohmongj erjoqumjhj j bêqugoj hmlm hmp`sgtjrsm mo dj `egngoj, jn`bpjújhj jn`bpjújhj hmd jdljrêo hm motrmij n`rrmsp`ohgmotm p`r hupdgnjh`.
j. Qr`fglgng`oms imomrjdms mo md us` hm bêqugojs hm erjoqumjr Djs bêqugojs hm erjoqumjr o` p`hrêo smr utgdgzjhjs sg o` fjo sgh` prmvgjbmotm jut`rgzjhjs p`r N`rrm`s, o` p`hrêo smr utgdgzjhjs sg fjo sgh` b`hgegnjhjs hm tjd bjomrj qum hgegmrjo hmd hgsmú` `rgigojd n`o md qum eumr`o jut`rgzjhjs, og p`hrêo smr utgdgzjhjs sg N`rrm`s rmtgrj su jpr`ljngþo hmd b`hmd`.
l. ^`dgngtuh hm us` Dj s`dgngtuh hmlmrê smr rmjdgzjhj p`r md pr`pg` s`dgngtjotm. D`s rmqumrgbgmot`s s`o gohmpmohgmotms hm sg md s`dgngtjotm tgmom prmvgjbmotm uo n`otrjt` n`o N`rrm`s pjrj `tr`s smrvgng`s p`stjdms. Mdd` sgo pmrcugng` hm qum t`hj jut`rgzjngþo hm erjoqum` p`r bmhg` hm bêqugojs, p`r nujot` sm trjtj hm uo bmhg` hm pji`, hmlm gr js`ngjhj j uo n`otrjt`. Qjrj pr`nmhmr j mbgtgr uoj jut`rgzjngþo sm rmqumrgrê nubpdgbmotjr dj s`dgngtuh hm Bêqugojs hm Erjoqumjr BE: y egrbjr djs n`ohgng`oms imomrjdms hm us` hm djs Bêqugojs hm Erjoqumjr. Motrm d`s hjt`s j movgjr egiurjo3 - O`blrm y hgrmnngþo egsnjd hmd jut`rgzjh`. - Oóbmr` hm n`otrjt`. - OGE/NGE hmd jut`rgzjh`. - Ejlrgnjotm y b`hmd` hm dj bêqugoj hm erjoqumjr. - Oóbmr` hm smrgm hmd njlmzjd hm dj bêqugoj. Ms uo oóbmr` óogn` p`r bêqugoj hm uo bgsb` ejlrgnjotm.
Njrtj erjoqumjhj j bêqugoj
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Md mbpdjzjbgmot` hm dj bêqugoj j erjoqumjr h`ohm smrê utgdgzjhj. Md o`blrm o`blrm y hgrmnngþo hm hm dj `egngoj/nmotr` hm N`rrm`s h`ohm md usujrg` rmjdgzjrê d`s hmpþsgt`s. Nþhgi` ghmotgegnjtgv` hm dj bêqugoj (bjtrânudj). (bjtrânudj). Ms uo rmigstr` óogn` hm njhj bêqugoj pjr, n`bpumst` n`bpumst` p`r h`s hâigt`s ghmotgegnjtgv`s pjrj md ejlrgnjotm y uo rjoi` smnumongjd hm oóbmr`s qum pr`p`rng`oj N`rrm`s.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<89
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
n. Md pr`nmhgbgmot` hm jut`rgzjngþo X`h`s d`s usujrg`s hmlmrêo rmjdgzjr uoj s`dgngtuh smióo md b`hmd` BE: j N`rrm`s j trjvçs hm uoj `egngoj p`stjd ` lgmo hm d`s smrvgng`s n`bmrngjdms, qugmoms dm ejngdgtjrêo d`s tçrbgo`s y n`ohgng`oms hm us` hm Bêqugojs hm Erjoqumjr. Djs bêqugojs hm erjoqumjr o` p`hrêo smr utgdgzjhjs fjstj qum md usujrg` o` fjyj `ltmogh` dj jut`rgzjngþo hm N`rrm`s pjrj p`hmr fjnmrd`. Djs bêqugojs hm erjoqumjr p`hrêo qumhjr goutgdgzjhjs p`r gojntgvghjh j gostjongj hm N`rrm`s ` p`r ejdtj hm utgdgzjngþo hurjotm uo pmrg`h` gogotmrrubpgh` hm :< bmsms. N`o t`h`, sus tgtudjrms p`hrêo v`dvmr j utgdgzjr mo nujdqugmr b`bmot` sus bêqugojs, n`buognêoh`d` prmvgjbmotm.
h. Qji` hmd erjoqum` X`h` md sjdh` rmsghmotm mo d`s mqugp`s hm erjoqumjr fjlrê sgh` prmpjijh` prmvgjbmotm. Ogoiuoj bêqugoj p`hrê euong`ojr sgo tmomr sjdh`. Ogoióo usujrg` p`hrê utgdgzjr dj bêqugoj hm erjoqumjr fjstj qum md sjdh` b`strjh` mo su n`otjh`r n`gonghj n`o dj jntujdgzjngþo hmd gbp`rtm prmpjijh`. Md vjd`r hm djs bjrnjs hm erjoqum` hmlm n`gonghgr n`o dj tjldj hm tjrgejs p`r pr`hunt`s, pms`s y hmstgo`s mstjldmngh`s p`r N`rrm`s.
m. @pmrjtgvj n`o dj bêqugoj hm erjoqumjr D`s smdd`s hm smiurghjh mo d`s mqugp`s hm erjoqumjr o` sm p`hrêo r`bpmr, bjogpudjr og hupdgnjr. Óognjbmotm d`s smrvgng`s jut`rgzjh`s p`r N`rrm`s p`hrêo jnnmhmr j djs pjrtms hm d`s mqugp`s prmngotjh`s. Djs dmnturjs hm d`s n`otjh`rms hm djs bêqugojs hmlmo b`strjr sgmbprm djs ngerjs n`rrmntjs hm jnumrh` jd us` hm dj bêqugoj.
e. Gospmnngþo, bjotmogbgmot` y rmpjrjng`oms Djs bêqugojs hm erjoqumjr hmlmo mstjr bjotmoghjs mo m o uo lumo mstjh` hm euong`ojbgmot` p`r pjrtm hmd usujrg`. Md usujrg` hmlm ejngdgtjr qum njhj mqugp` jut`rgzjh` j çd smj gospmnng`ojh` nujotjs vmnms smj omnmsjrg`, y jd bmo`s uoj vmz jd jú` p`r jdiuo` hm d`s pr`vmmh`rms hm smrvgng`s hm erjoqum` jut`rgzjh`s.
i. Bjrnjs hm erjoqum` Djs bjrnjs hm erjoqum` smrêo mxndusgvjbmotm pr`hunghjs n`o dj jut`rgzjngþo hm N`rrm`s. Djs mstjbpjng`oms ` gbprmsg`oms hm dj bêqugoj hm erjoqumjr hmlmrêo nubpdgr d`s sgiugmotms rmqumrgbgmot`s3 - Dj bjrnj hmlmrê smr ndjrj y n`bpdmtj. Md n`d`r mdmigh` pjrj dj bjrnj ms md jzud, sgiugmoh` djs mspmngegnjng`oms hmd n`d`r mo md d`i`tgp` n`rp`rjtgv` hm N`rrm`s. - Gondugrê uo nþhgi` lghgbmosg`ojd (
<86
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
¹ D`i`tgp` hm N`rrm`s. ¹ Ghmotgegnjh`r hm dj vmrsgþo hm s`etwjrm. Dj goe`rbjngþo gon`rp`rjhj, jotmrg`rbmotm bmong`ojhj, smrê vgsgldm mo dj bjrnj hm erjoqum` m grê n`hgegnjhj hmotr` hm dj sgbl`d`iâj hm
f. Gonghmongjs -
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Gosuegngmongjs hm erjoqum`. Nujoh` sm hmtmntm gosuegngmongj hm erjoqum` mo md b`bmot` hm dj jhbgsgþo, md usujrg` tmohrê qum n`bpdmtjr md gbp`rtm hm t`h`s d`s movâ`s n`o gbp`rtm goemrg`r. Mstj gosuegngmongj smrê jl`ojhj bmhgjotm d`s sgiugmotms bmhg`s hm pji`3 mo memntgv`, p`r nfmqum, bmhgjotm goirms` mo numotj hm N`rrm`s ` p`r gbprmsgþo hm bjrnj hm erjoqum` bmhgjotm bêqugoj hm erjoqumjr. Mxnms` hm hm erjoqum`. Mo jqumdd`s njs`s mo d`s qum sm hmtmntm mxnms` hm erjoqum` md usujrg` smrê jvgsjh` hm mstj ngrnuostjongj. Md usujrg` p`hrê `ptjr p`r n`otgoujr n`o dj jhbgsgþo hm d`s movâ`s, rmouongjoh` jd gbp`rtm hm mxnms` hm erjoqum`, ` o` rmjdgzjr d`s hmpþsgt`s hm movâ`s m gogngjr d`s trêbgtms hm erjoqum` goutgdgzjh`. Erjoqum` goutgdgzjh`. Mo jqumdd`s njs`s mo d`s qum md usujrg`, p`r mrr`r, fjyj erjoqumjh` uoj smrgm hm s`lrms ` nulgmrtjs pmremntjbmotm dmigldms y d`s prmsmotm cuot` j dj s`dgngtuh hm hmv`dungþo hmd gbp`rtm erjoqumjh` mo dj Cmejturj Qr`vgongjd n`rrmsp`ohgmotm hmotr` hm djs <8 f`rjs sgiugmotms j dj emnfj hm gbprmsgþo. ^m hmhungrê, n`o njrêntmr imomrjd, md :1% hmd gbp`rtm goutgdgzjh`.
g. N`ohgng`oms hm jhbgsgþo D`s movâ`s smrêo hmp`sgtjh`s mo d`s puot`s hm Jhbgsgþo jut`rgzjh`s p`r N`rrm`s pjrj mstm ego y rmedmcjh`s mo md n`otrjt`. Hmlmrê prmsmotjrsm mo md nmotr`/`egngoj p`stjd qum n`ostm mo md h`nubmot`, d`s movâ`s hmlmrêo smr hmp`sgtjh`s mo N`rrm`s mo dj bgsbj emnfj qum dj gohgnjhj mo dj bjrnj hm erjoqum`. D`s movâ`s sm prmsmotjrêo smpjrjh`s p`r bêqugoj, p`r pr`hunt`s y vjd`rms jújhgh`s y n`o su n`rrmsp`ohgmotm jdljrêo hm motrmij pjrj njhj bêqugoj hm erjoqumjr. Mo dj jntujdghjh sm mstê trjljcjoh` sgiugmoh` djs hgrmntrgnms hmd Qdjo Mstrjtçign` pjrj sgbpdgegnjr mstm tgp` hm jhbgsgþo y usjr uo s`d` Jdljrêo pjrj t`h` tgp` hm pr`hunt`s jhbgtgh`s hm uo bgsb` ndgmotm. Mo md supumst` hm qum dj emnfj hm dj bjrnj hm erjoqum` smj hgemrmotm j dj hmd hâj hmd hmpþsgt` p`hrêo jhbgtgr movâ`s n`o emnfj jtrjsjhj hm <8 f`rjs sgmbprm y nujoh` mo md b`bmot` hmd hmpþsgt` md usujrg` prmsmotm d`s movâ`s n`o uoj mstjbpjngþo jhgng`ojd p`r gbp`rtm —nmr`‒ ₤. O` sm p`hrê mxnmhmr hm h`s bjrnjs hm erjoqum` p`r movâ`, hmlgmoh` egiurjr mo duijr n`bpdmtjbmotm vgsgldm mo md jovmrs` hmd movâ`.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<87
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
D`s movâ`s erjoqumjh`s erjoqumjh`s j bêqugoj qum sm prmsmotmo prmsmotmo n`o gosuegngmongj hm erjoqum` erjoqum` p`hrêo n`bpdmtjr msj gosuegngmongj n`o smdd`s nujoh` md ndgmotm smj qugmo jp`rtm d`s smdd`s. Dj @egngoj o` pumhm n`bpdmtjr dj gosuegngmongj n`o vmotj hm smdd`s, sâ utgdgzjoh` `tr`s jhbgtgh`s mo `egngoj.
c. B`hmd` hm bêqugojs hm erjoqumjr hm tmno`d`iâj hgigtjd. Njrjntmrâstgnjs hm dj tmno`d`iâj hgigtjd. ^miurghjh Njhj gbprmsgþo hm erjoqum` n`o sgio`s hm < hgbmosg`oms (
k. Hmpþsgt` Md usujrg` hmp`sgtj sus movâ`s y d`s n`rrmsp`ohgmotms jdljrjoms hm motrmij mo md puot` hm jhbgsgþo hm N`rrm`s. ^m rmjdgzj dj jhbgsgþo p`r dj jpdgnjngþo hm jdljrjoms (mo `egngojs ` nmotr`s) hm d`s movâ`s n`o md jdljrêo. ^m n`bprumlj sg fjy sjdh` suegngmotm mo msj bêqugoj pjrj fjnmr md hmpþsgt` y sm rmstj md gbp`rtm hmndjrjh` jut`bêtgnjbmotm hmd sjdh` hmd usujrg` bmhgjotm dj jhbgsgþo hmd jdljrêo. Dþignjbmotm, tjblgço sm n`bprumlj qum dj njotghjh hm movâ`s hmp`sgtjhj n`gonghm n`o dj hmndjrjhj mo md jdljrêo. Qmrgþhgnjbmotm dj goe`rbjngþo hm jntgvghjh hm djs bêqugojs hm erjoqumjr ms movgjhj j d`s smrvgh`rms nmotrjdms hm N`rrm`s p`r pjrtm hm d`s pr`vmmh`rms hm smrvgng`s hm erjoqum`. Mstj goe`rbjngþo hm pr`hunngþo hm djs bêqugojs sm nruzj n`o dj hm hmpþsgt` hm d`s jdljrjoms pjrj n`otr`djr md n`rrmnt` us` hm dj bêqugoj hm erjoqumjr. Dj goe`rbjngþo bâogbj j subgogstrjr p`r md pr`vmmh`r hm smrvgng`s j N`rrm`s smrê dj sgiugmotm3 - Emnfj hm erjoqum`. - O³ hm movâ`s t`tjdms erjoqumjh`s. - O³ hm movâ`s erjoqumjh`s p`r pr`hunt`. - Nrçhgt` t`tjd n`osubgh`. - Nrçhgt` t`tjd n`osubgh` p`r pr`hunt`.
<=1
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
H. Mstjbp Mstjbpgddjs gddjs ^`o mstjbpjng`oms mo mtgqumtjs jut`jhfmsgvjs gbprmsjs p`r md vjd`r smdmnng`ojh` y mbgtghjs p`r djs mstjbpgddjh`rjs hm N`rrm`s, qum jigdgzjo dj djl`r hmd jhbgs`r, ejngdgtêoh`dm md pms`, dj tjrgej y erjoqum` mo uo n`rt` mspjng` hm tgmbp`. Djs mstjbpgddjs hm erjoqum` rmedmcjrêo md vjd`r hm dj tjrgej ` prmng` mxgigh` p`r dj prmstjngþo hmd smrvgng` hm qum sm trjtm, jhfgrgçoh`sm j dj nulgmrtj hm d`s movâ`s. ^`o pjrmnghjs j d`s smdd`s n`o dj sjdvmhjh hm o` tmomr vjd`r ejngjd fjstj dj gbprmsgþo hm dj mstjbpgddj, mstm tgp` hm erjoqum` mo dj jntujdghjh mstê bês mxtmohgh` mo @egngojs Juxgdgjrms, sg lgmo sm fjnm fgonjpgç mo dj su vmotj s`d` pjrj md erjoqum` hm movâ`s qum vjo j smr hmp`sgtjh`s hgrmntjbmotm mo vmotjogddj.
M. Mstjbp Mstjbpgddjs gddjs JXB Djs mstjbpgddjs JXB s`o mstjbpgddjs vêdghjs pjrj md erjoqum`, pmr` n`o uoj `rgmotjngþo mspmngjd fjngj d`s n`dmnng`ogstjs egdjtçdgn`s. Mstj hmo`bgojngþo pr`vgmom hm dj pjdjlrj jdmbjoj —JuX`bjtmoBjrkmo‒, nuy` sgiogegnjh` ms —smdd` hm bêqugoj jut`bêtgnj‒. Dj vmotj hm mtgqumtjs erjoqumjh`rjs hm n`rrmsp`ohmongj ms uo mdmbmot` hm n`dmnng`ogsb` egdjtçdgn` qum `ermnmo oubmr`s`s pjâsms. N`rrm`s fj hmnghgh` rmt`bjr mstm smrvgng` y fj jhqugrgh` uo —Quot` egdjtçdgn`‒ hgspmosjh`r hm mtgqumtjs hm pjpmd tçrbgn`, jut`jhfmsgv` y qum pmrbgtm bjrnjr md erjoqum` n`o djs tjrgejs J, J<, L y N. Mstm puot`, sm gostjdjrê o`rbjdbmotm mo emrgj egdjtçdgnjs y hm e`rbj mstjldm mo Bjhrgh. Njhj mtgqumtj ddmvj gbprmsj uoj smnumongj hm hâigt`s. J b`h` hm mcmbpd`3 L8M^:5 M^1:-111:-11:, qum ghmotgegnjo3 - L3 b`hjdghjh hm bêqugoj - 83 bms - M^3 pjâs - :93 jú` - M^1:3 oóbmr` hm bêqugoj - 111:3 oóbmr` hm smsgþo (hâigt`s qum qum vjo gonrmbmotjoh` n`o njhj n`bprj) - 11:3 oóbmr` hm dj mtgqumtj hmotr` hm dj smsgþo (bêxgb` (bêxgb` hm 69= mtgqumtjs p`r smsgþo) Mo d`s mqugp`s hm jut`smrvgng`, md usujrg` pumhm smdmnng`ojr uo vjd`r ejngjd, memntujr md pji` y md mxpmohmh`r mbgtm mo md jnt` md smdd` hm vjd`r vjrgjldm jhmnujh` j sus omnmsghjhms hm erjoqum`. Dj bêqugoj pmrbgtm uoj n`bprj bêxgbj hm >77,77 ₤ p`r smsgþo y s`d` jnmptj pji` p`r tjrcmtj hm nrçhgt` ` hçlgt` (mxndughjs Jbmrgnjo Mxprmss y Hgomrs Ndul).
E. Erjoqum` hm pji` hgemrgh` Qrmvg` n`otrjt` n`o md rmbgtmotm, d`s movâ`s ngrnudjrêo n`o uoj ghmotgegnjngþo hm mstm bmhg` hm pji`, pr`nmhgçoh`sm jd pji` hmd smrvgng` n`rrmsp`ohgmotm mo md b`bmot`, duijr y n`ohgng`oms qum mstjldmznj md `pmrjh`r jd qum sm fj mon`bmohjh` dj prmstjngþo hmd smrvgng` p`stjd uogvmrsjd. Mo euongþo hm sus pmnudgjrghjhms, mstm sgstmbj p`hrê jhbgtgr hgstgotjs b`hjdghjhms hm pji`, tjdms n`b` md erjoqum` pjijh`, n`onmrtjh` y `trjs qum sm hmtmrbgomo p`r hgnf` `pmrjh`r.
j. Qji` Hgemrgh` Qjqumtmrâ Qjqumtmrâj j Mstm sgstmbj rmqumrgrê n`otrjtjngþo prmvgj y sm n`onmhm j ndgmotms qum sm n`bpr`bmtjo j hmp`sgtjr, n`b` o`rbj imomrjd, uo bâogb` hm :.111 pjqumtms joujdms.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<=:
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
l. Qji` Hgemrgh` Dglr`s ^m utgdgzj pjrj movâ`s hm dglr`s tjot` hm êblgt` ojng`ojd n`b` gotmrojng`ojd p`r pjrtm hm mbprmsjs mhgt`rjs, hgstrglugh`rjs ` nmotr`s hm mosmújozj p`r n`rrmsp`ohmongj.
n. Erjoqum` Qjijh` Md sgstmbj hm erjoqum` pjijh` rmqugmrm n`otrjt` prmvg` n`o md rmbgtmotm. D`s movâ`s hmlmo hmp`sgtjrsm mo djs `egngojs jut`rgzjhjs, hmlgmoh` rmuogr djs sgiugmotms njrjntmrâstgnjs3 - Mo md êoiud` supmrg`r gzqugmrh` hmd hmd jovmrs` egiurj md bmblrmtm hmd rmbgtmotm. - Md êoiud` supmrg`r hmrmnf` ddmvj gbprms` uo njcmtâo hm e`rbj rmntjoiudjr, hm =1V<1 bb, qum n`otgmom mo su djh` gzqugmrh` dj n`rojbusj y, j n`otgoujngþo, mo h`s dâomjs, dj gohgnjngþo —Erjoqum` Qjijh`‒ y hmljc`, md oóbmr` hm dj jut`rgzjngþo, prmnmhgh` hm uoj —G‒ sg sm trjtj hm gbprms`s.
Njcmtâo hm Erjoqum` Qjijh`.
Md hmpþsgt` sm jn`bpjúj hmd Jdljrêo hm Motrmij n`rrmsp`ohgmotm. Dj s`dgngtuh pjrj p`hmr jn`imrsm j mstm sgstmbj hm erjoqum` sm nursjrê j trjvçs hm djs @egngojs Q`stjdms mo qum rjhgqum md h`bgngdg` hmd s`dgngtjotm ` smhm nmotrjd hmd bgsb`, n`rrmsp`ohgmoh` su jut`rgzjngþo j dj Hgrmnngþo N`bmrngjd. Mstm sgstmbj sm jhbgtm mo d`s sgiugmotms pr`hunt`s3 - Njrtjs (gondughjs (gondughjs djs nmrtgegnjhjs, n`o jvgs` hm rmngl` y rmmbl`ds`) hm êblgt` ojng`ojd m gotmrojng`ojd. - Njrtjs ]rimotms (gondughjs djs nmrtgegnjhjs y n`o jvgs` hm rmngl`) hm êblgt` ojng`ojd m gotmrojng`ojd. - O`tgegnjng`oms hm êblgt` ojng`ojd. - Quldgn`rrm` hm êblgt` ojng`ojd m gotmrojng`ojd. - Quldgluzþo hm êblgt` ojng`ojd. Mo dj prmsmotjngþo hm mst`s hmpþsgt`s sm jn`bpjújrê md n`rrmsp`ohgmotm jdljrêo hm motrmij y uoj rmdjngþo hm movâ`s hmp`sgtjh`s (pjrj movâ`s rmigstrjh`s). ^m motgmohm p`r hmpþsgt`s bjsgv`s jqumdd`s n`o uo bâogb` hm :.111 njrtjs ` :1.111 movâ`s hm Quldgn`rrm` mo njhj motrmij, sgmbprm qum supmrmo d`s =1.111 movâ`s hm njrtjs ` =1.111 hm movâ`s hm Quldgn`rrm` joujdms. Qjrj njrtjs urimotms md bâogb` joujd smrê hm 8.111 movâ`s.
I. Erjoqum` N`onmrtjh` Md erjoqum` n`onmrtjh` s`d` pumhm jpdgnjrsm j jqumdd`s pmrgþhgn`s qum fjyjo sgh` njdgegnjh`s n`b` tjdms p`r md Nmotr` Hgrmntgv` y p`smjo jut`rgzjngþo pjrj utgdgzjr mstm sgstmbj hm erjoqum`. ^`djbmotm ms vêdgh` pjrj d`s movâ`s hm njrêntmr `rhgojrg`, mo t`h`s d`s êblgt`s im`irêegn`s hgrgigh`s j susnrgpt`rms. Mo dj nulgmrtj hm d`s movâ`s hmlm jpjrmnmr dj gohgnjngþo —Erjoqum` N`onmrtjh`‒ y md oóbmr` ndjsgegnjh`r N`onmrtjh`‒ ndjsge gnjh`r ` n`ongmrt` hjh` p`r md Nmotr` Hgrmntgv`.
<=<
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
D`s hmpþsgt`s hmlmo rmjdgzjrsm mo dj @egngoj hm N`rrm`s hm dj d`njdghjh h`ohm mstç rjhgnjh` md h`bgngdg` hmd mhgt`r, ` mo dj Cmejturj Qr`vgongjd hm dj hmbjrnjngþo. Mxnmpng`ojdbmotm, md Nmotr` hgrmntgv` pumhm jut`rgzjr md hmpþsgt` mo `trjs Cmejturjs Qr`vgongjdms ` Jhbgogstrjng`oms. Mstm tgp` hm erjoqum` sm utgdgzj pjrj movâ`s hm puldgnjng`oms pmrgþhgnjs rmbgtghjs p`r djs mbprmsjs mhgt`rjs ` hgstrglugh`rjs sgmbprm qum fjyjo sgh` njdgegnjhjs n`b` pmrgþhgn`s p`r md Nmotr` Hgrmntgv` y p`smjo jut`rgzjngþo pjrj utgdgzjr mstm sgstmbj hm erjoqum`. Md hmpþsgt` sm jn`bpjúj hmd jdljrêo hm motrmij n`rrmsp`ohgmotm.
F. Erjoqum` mo Hmstgo` Mstm sgstmbj pmrbgtm qum md erjoqum` o` smj jl`ojh` p`r md rmbgtmotm, sgo` p`r md hmstgojtjrg`, j trjvçs hm uo jpjrtjh` mspmngjd EH prmvgjbmotm n`otrjtjh` mo dj `egngoj. Mstm tgp` hm movâ`s sm hmp`sgtjo mo d`s luz`oms hm us` póldgn`, sgo qum smj omnmsjrg` qum md rmbgtmotm jhfgmrj erjoqum` jdiuo`.
^`lrm Erjoqum` mo Hmstgo`
^`djbmotm pumhm utgdgzjrsm pjrj njrtjs, tjrcmtjs p`stjdms y f`cjs-pmhgh` hm dglrmrâj y, mo nujdqugmr njs`, n`b` n`rrmsp`ohmongj `rhgojrgj hmotr` hmd êblgt` im`irêegn` ojng`ojd. Qjrj s`dgngtjr mstm sgstmbj hm erjoqum` md usujrg` d` s`dgngtjrê j dj Hgrmnngþo N`bmrngjd j trjvçs hm djs `egngojs p`stjdms. Dj Hgrmnngþo N`bmrngjd n`onmhmrê jd usujrg` uo jpjrtjh` mspmngjd y mxndusgv`, hmo`bgojh` EH, mo md qum sm rmnglgrê dj n`rrmsp`ohmongj. (Qrmvg` hmpþsgt` hm egjozj hmd 81% hmd gbp`rtm hm d`s movâ`s qum rmnglgrê hm sus ndgmotms hurjotm uo bms) Md movâ` smrê motrmijh` jd tgtudjr hmd Jpjrtjh` E.H. rmdjng`ojh`s mo uoj o`tj hm rmtgrjhj hm movâ`s n`oe`rbm jd sgiugmotm b`hmd`3 Md oumv` hgsmú` hmd s`lrm ` tjrcmtj hm Erjoqum` mo Hmstgo` pjrj md êblgt` gotmrg`r, ojng`ojd, prmsmotj djs sgiugmotms njrjntmrâstgnjs3 - Dj gondusgþo hm dj ghmotgegnjngþo hm N`rrm`s n`b` pr`vmmh`r hmd smrvgng` qum, omnmsjrgjbmotm, ddmvjrê mst`s nujtr` mdmbmot`s3 ¹ Dj pjdjlrj —Mspjúj‒. ¹ Dj n`rojbusj. ¹ Dj gohgnjngþo3 —Erjoqum` mo hmstgo`‒. ¹ Djs sgidjs —E.H.‒ - Djs bmhghjs hm rmemrmongj pjrj mstjs gohgnjng`oms mo njcmtâo smrêo hm =
<=>
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
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Q`sglgdghjh hm hm utgdgzjngþo hmd n`d`r irgs/omir` mo t`hj dj irjeâj prmgbprmsj. prmgbprmsj. Q`sglgdghjh hm hm gosmrtjr mo md êoiud` supmrg`r gzqugmrh` dj erjsm3 —\mspumstj N`bmrngjd‒. Q`sglgdghjh hm gon`rp`rjr gbjimo y puldgnghjh hmd ndgmotm mo md bjrimo gzqugmrh` hmd jovmrs` hmd s`lrm.
G. NN\G D`s movâ`s NN\G s`o dj —vmrsgþo gotmrojng`ojd‒ hmd Erjoqum` mo Hmstgo`. ^m hmo`bgoj —N`rrmsp`ohmongj n`bmrngjd-\mspumstj gotmrojng`ojd (NN\G)‒. ^u jpdgnjngþo sm mxtgmohm j njrtjs y tjrcmtjs p`stjdms o`rbjdgzjhjs (<>,= p`r :< nb), n`o uo dâbgtm bêxgb` hm <=1 irjb`s. Qumhm memntujrsm md pji` j dj rmnmpngþo hm d`s movâ`s ` lgmo ejnturjrsm mo uo pmrg`h` hmtmrbgojh`, prmvgj egrbj hm uo n`otrjt`. Qjrj md nêdnud` hm dj tjrgej j pjijr p`r njhj movâ` NN\G, sm tgmomo mo numotj h`s ejnt`rms, md pms` hmd movâ` y md pjâs hm pr`nmhmongj (smióo djs tjrgejs p`stjdms gotmrojng`ojdms). Mo jdiuo`s pjâsms md smrvgng` sm hmo`bgoj GL\^ (Gotmrojtg`ojd Lusgomss \msp`osm ^mrvgnm). Mxgstmo uoj smrgm hm pjâsms j d`s qum sm dms jpdgnj djs hgbmosg`oms y pms`s bêxgb`s hm dj njrtj3 Jdmbjogj, Justrgj, Lçdignj, Hgojbjrnj, Msd`vjqugj, Msd`vmogj, Mst`ogj, Egodjohgj, Erjongj, Irmngj, Fuoirâj, Grdjohj, Gsdjohgj, Gtjdgj, Dmt`ogj, Dgtujogj, Duxmbluri`, O`rumij, Q`d`ogj, \mp. Nfmnj, \ubjogj, ^umngj y ^ugzj. Md pms` bêxgb` hmd movâ` p`hrê smr hm fjstj < ki y md tjbjú` bêxgb` (djri` + jonf` + jdt`), n`b` bunf`, hm 71 nb (o` mxnmhgmoh` hm 51 nb dj bjy`r). Md tjbjú` bâogb`, p`r su pjrtm, smrê hm :8 x 7 nb
C. Qrmpji` Md sgstmbj hm prmpji` pmrbgtm qum d`s s`lrms ` mbljdjcms qum n`otmoijo d`s movâ`s p`stjdms gon`rp`rmo md prmng` ` tjrgej hm dj prmstjngþo p`stjd.
<=8
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
K. Ujdms-\mspum jdms-\mspumstj stj (—N@]Q@O-\M (—N@]Q@O-\MQ@O^M‒ Q@O^M‒)) O` s`o mxjntjbmotm uo sgstmbj hm erjoqum`. ^`o memnt`s mbgtgh`s p`r dj @egngoj Gotmrojng`ojd hm dj ]ogþo Q`stjd ]ogvmrsjd (]Q]). ^`o mxpmhgh`s p`r d`s pjâsms bgmblr`s qum fjyjo jnmptjh` monjrijrsm hm d`s bgsb`s. ^u pdjz` hm vjdghmz ms md qum egiurj mo md pr`pg` vjdm. ^m jhqugmrmo mo uo pjâs y pumhmo njocmjrsm mo `tr` hm dj ]Q] p`r smdd`s hm N`rrm`s mqugvjdmotms jd erjoqum` bâogb` hm uoj njrtj `rhgojrgj, hgrgighj jd mxtrjocmr` mo uo vjd`r egcjh` mo djs tjrgejs vgimotms. ^u vmotj y njocm sm memntój mo t`hjs djs `egngojs h`ohm mxgstj vmotj hm smdd`s. D`s vjdms-rmspumstj sm gbprgbgrêo p`r dj @egngoj Gotmrojng`ojd mo pjpmd n`o uoj egdgirjoj qum ddmvm djs dmtrjs ]Q]. Qjrj rmjdgzjr md njocm hm vjdms ]Q] ms omnmsjrg` qum mo md jdbjnço hm dj `egngoj mxgstjo suegngmotms smdd`s njrijh`s p`r msm vjd`r. Md prmng` hm njocm hm uo vjdm ]Q] smrê md bêxgb` vjd`r hm uoj njrtj gotmrojng`ojd hm dj smrgm lêsgnj y sm njocmj mxndusgvjbmotm p`r smdd`s, ouonj p`r `tr`s sgstmbjs hm erjoqum`.
NO1:.Ujdm rmspumstj ]Q]
D`s Ujdms \mspumstj smrêo smddjh`s mo su emnfj p`r dj `egngoj qum d`s fj njocmjh`. D`s Ujdms ]Q] njocmjh`s sm movgjrêo j egojd hm bms (mo pjqumtms hm :.111), pjrj su n`otr`d, j dj sgiugmotm hgrmnngþo3 Hgrmnngþo Jhcuotj hm @pmrjng`oms. ]oghjh hm N`otr`d (UJDM^ ]Q]) Uâj Huldâo 9,
D. Erjoqum` Mdmntrþogn` Dj pêigoj wml hm N`rrm`s `odgom fj gon`rp`rjh` uo sgstmbj hm erjoqum` mdmntrþogn` hm nmrtgegnjh`s, qum pmrbgtm dj p`sglgdghjh hm pjijr j trjvçs hm Gotmromt uoj rmdjngþo hm movâ`s `rhgojrg`s ` nmrtgegnjh`s. Mstm smrvgng` lusnj jf`rrjr tgmbp` y trêbgtms hm jhbgsgþo hm d`s nmrtgegnjh`s qum sm ddmvjrâjo j njl` mo djs `egngojs p`stjdms y ejngdgtjr j djs pmrs`ojs qum hmsmmo rmjdgzjr hmpþsgt`s su rmjdgzjngþo yj qum o` smrê omnmsjrg` ddmvjr hgomr` mo memntgv`, sgo` qum smrê suegngmotm uoj tjrcmtj hm nrçhgt` ` hçlgt`. Md us` hmd smrvgng` hm erjoqum` mdmntrþogn` mxgim qum md usujrg` fjyj rmigstrjh` sus rmdjng`oms hm nmrtgegnjh`s bmhgjotm md smrvgng` hm Ghmotgegnjngþo hm Nmrtgegnjh`s. Hgnf` smrvgng` pmrbgtm nrmjr uoj rmdjngþo hm movâ`s nmrtgegnjh`s irjngjs j dj ghmotgegnjngþo hm djs njrtjs qum dj n`bp`omo; pjrj su p`stmrg`r jhbgsgþo mo djs @egngojs hm N`rrm`s. ^`lrm n`o erjoqum` mdmntrþogn` (n`rrm` `odgom)
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<==
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
B. Xu smdd` Xu smdd` sm nrmj bmhgjotm dj \ms`dungþo hm <1 hm hgngmblrm hm <115, n`ocuotj hm djs ^ulsmnrmtjrâjs hm E`bmot` y hm Mn`o`bâj y Fjngmohj, sgmoh` p`stmrg`rbmotm b`hgegnjhj p`r dj \ms`dungþo hm :6 hm cudg` hm <1:8, s`lrm mbgsgþo y pumstj mo ngrnudjngþo hm uoj smrgm hm smdd`s hm n`rrm`s hmo`bgojhj —smdd`s pmrs`ojdgzjh`s‒. Md smrvgng` —Xu smdd`‒ pmrbgtm dj n`oemnngþo hm smdd`s n`o gbjimo pr`p`rng`ojhj p`r md ndgmotm y vjdghjhj p`r N`rrm`s, n`o djs bgsbjs njrjntmrâstgnjs tçnognjs hmd smdd` trjhgng`ojd, mstm smrvgng` sm prmstj j trjvçs hm N`rrm`s @odgom. Dj ^`ngmhjh Mstjtjd N`rrm`s y Xmdçirje`s rmjdgzjrê dj jpr`ljngþo hm gbêimoms, dj gbprmsgþo y md movâ` j h`bgngdg` hm d`s smdd`s pmrs`ojdgzjh`s hm njhj b`hmd`, mo md pdjz` bêxgb` hm uo bms hmshm dj jpr`ljngþo hm dj s`dgngtuh. Md movâ` hm d`s pdgmi`s sm rmjdgzjrê bmhgjotm md smrvgng` hm Qjq Qrmbgub. D`s n`otmogh`s y djs gbêimoms hm d`s smdd`s hmlmrêo prmsmotjrsm mo smotgh` p`sgtgv`, n`o dj s`dj mxnmpngþo hm d`s smdd`s hmhgnjh`s j njbpjújs hm dunfj n`otrj djs moemrbmhjhms u `tr`s bjdms pmrs`ojdms ` s`ngjdms. N`rrm`s sm rmsmrvj md hmrmnf` j jhbgtgr djs gbêimoms pr`p`rng`ojhjs p`r d`s ndgmotms qum, mo t`h` njs`, rmspmtjrêo djs o`rbjs n`o —Xu smdd`‒, qum pr`tmimo d`s hmrmnf`s s`lrm mstjs, jsâ n`b` djs qum pr`tmimo d`s hmrmnf`s euohjbmotjdms hm djs pmrs`ojs smióo sm rmn`im mo md Qr`t`n`d` hm Ujdghjngþo hm Qmhgh`s. N`o njrêntmr imomrjd, n`b` yj sm n`bmotþ bês jrrglj, o` sm jhbgtgrêo gbêimoms hm pmrs`ojs vgvjs. O` `lstjotm, p`hrêo egiurjr mo d`s smdd`s md Cmem hmd Mstjh`, d`s bgmblr`s hm dj Ejbgdgj \mjd u `trjs pmrs`ojs hm rmdmvjongj o`t`rgj y qum iujrhmo rmdjngþo n`o Mspjúj. Hjh` qum d`s smdd`s n`ostgtuymo mdmbmot`s hm n`buognjngþo y motmohgbgmot`, o` hmlmo egiurjr jn`otmngbgmot`s ` pmrs`ojcms prmsmotms ` prmtçrgt`s, juo nujoh` fulgmrjo ejddmngh`, nujoh` su rmprmsmotjngþo puhgmrj smr njusj hm hgvgsgþo, p`dçbgnj, n`otr`vmrsgj, msnêohjd` ` n`oedgnt`.
j. Ujd`rms D`s smdd`s pmrs`ojdgzjh`s tmohrêo md vjd`r hm erjoqum` qum sm gohgqum mo njhj uo` hm mdd`s. Mo md njs` hm qum mstm o` egiurm mxprmsjh`, tmohrê djs sgiugmotms mqugvjdmongjs3 - Dj dmtrj —J‒, mo njrjntmrms djtgo`s, j dj tjrgej vgimotm hm djs njrtjs o`rbjdgzjhjs hm fjstj <1 irjb`s pjrj md êblgt` ojng`ojd. - Dj dmtrj —J<‒, mo njrjntmrms djtgo`s, j dj tjrgej vgimotm hm djs njrtjs o` o`rbjdgzjhjs hm fjstj <1 irjb`s, ` lgmo pjrj njrtjs nuy` pms` mstç n`bprmohgh` motrm <1 y =1 irjb`s, mo jbl`s njs`s pjrj md êblgt` ojng`ojd. - Dj dmtrj —L‒, mo njrjntmrms djtgo`s, j dj tjrgej vgimotm hm djs njrtjs o`rbjdgzjhjs hm fjstj <1 irjb`s pjrj md êblgt` gotmrojng`ojd mur`pm`. - Dj dmtrj —N‒, mo njrjntmrms djtgo`s, j dj tjrgej vgimotm.
l. Njrjntmrâstgnjs tçnognjs -
<=5
Qr`nmhgbgmot` hm gbprmsgþo3 @eesmt, mo jzud (pjot`om =8: N). Qjpmd3 Jut`jhfmsgv` e`se`rmsnmotm. Hmotjh`3 :> ¿ tr`qumdjh`. E`rbjt` hm d`s smdd`s3 81,7 81,7 x <6,6 bb bb (f`rgz`otjd y vmrtgnjd). Mspjng` dglrm pjrj pjrj dj gbjimo gbjimo pmrs`ojdgzjhj3 pmrs`ojdgzjhj3 djs pjdjlrjs —Mspjúj‒, —N`rrm`s‒ y —X]^MDD@‒, y md mspjng` rmsmrvjh` pjrj dj gbprmsgþo hmd vjd`r hmd erjoqum` n`rrmsp`ohgmotm `nupjrêo uoj supmregngm o` supmrg`r j :1 x <6,6 bb, qumhjoh` dglrm md rmst` hm dj supmregngm.
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
-
E`rbjt` hmd pdgmi`3 <79 x <:1 bb (]OM J-8). Memnt`s mo pdgmi`3 <=. Ujd`r p`stjd3 Xjrgejs —J‒, —J<‒, —L‒ ` —N‒ pjrj d`s h`s smdd`s (f`rgz`otjd y vmrtgnjd) ` dj ngerj n`rrmsp`on`rrmsp`ohgmotm jd vjd`r hmd erjoqum`. - Xgrjhj3 Gdgbgtjhj pjrj d`s h`s smdd`s (f`rgz`otjd y vmrtgnjd).» ^g dj gbjimo ms jnmptjhj, sm hjrê `rhmo hm gbprmsgþo rmnglgmoh` md ndgmotm n`buognjngþo p`r m-bjgd hm dj jnmptjngþo hmd pmhgh`. ^g, p`r md n`otrjrg`, dj gbjimo ms rmnfjzjhj p`r dj o` jhmnujngþo jd Qr`t`n`d`, sm n`buognjrê jd ndgmotm bmhgjotm mbjgd y sm pr`nmhmrê j dj gobmhgjtj hmv`dungþo hmd gbp`rtm n`lrjh`. D`s ndgmotms p`hrêo n`osudtjr d`s hjt`s rmdjtgv`s j sus pmhgh`s yj rmjdgzjh`s y j sus ejnturjs j trjvçs hm dj pdjtje`rbj hm N`rrm`s `odgom. Hm njhj uo` hm d`s b`hmd`s hm smdd`s pmrs`ojdgzjh`s qumhjrê rmsmrvjh` uo pdgmi` j hgsp`sgngþo hm dj ^`ngmhjh Mstjtjd N`rrm`s y Xmdçirje`s, j memnt`s hm nubpdgbgmot` hm dj `ldgijngþo hm rmigstr` hm t`hjs djs mbgsg`oms dmijdms hm sgio`s hm erjoqum`.
O. Erjoqum` bmhgjotm mtgqumtjs G\G^ (Jhbgsgþo sgo smdd`s) Md sgstmbj hm jhbgsgþo G\G^ pmrbgtm imomrjr mtgqumtjs jhfmsgvjs hm erjoqum` pjrj d`s movâ`s p`stjdms hm dâomj lêsgnj, mn`oþbgnj, urimotm y hm pjqumtmrâj. Mxgstmo h`s tgp`s hm mtgqumtjs3 - Mtgqumtjs pmqumújs, s`d` n`otgmomo md erjoqum` y s`o vêdghjs pjrj movâ`s hm bmo`s hm <=1 irjb`s, sgmbprm qum o` smjo og rmmbl`ds` og pjqumtmrâj. Mo dj mtgqumtj mon`otrjb`s3 tgp` hm movâ`, vjd`r hm erjoqum`, o`blrm `egngoj OGQ trjljcjh`r, hâj y f`rj hm jhbgsgþo y nþhgi` hm ljrrjs. Md pr`hunt` sm hmstjnj bmhgjotm uoj dmtrj hm bjy`r tjbjú` y vgsglgdghjh3 ¹ N-Njrtj ojng`ojd. ¹ ]-Njrtj urimotm ojng`ojd. ¹ N]-Njrtj nmrtgegnjhj urimotm ojng`ojd. ¹ UH-Njrtj nmrtgegnjhj n`o vjd`r hmndjrjh` ojng`ojd. ¹ \-Njrtj nmrtgegnjhj gotmrojng`ojd. - Mtgqumtj hm pjqumtmrâj. N`otgmom d`s bgsb`s hjt`s qum dj pmqumúj, bês d`s hjt`s hm rmbgtmotm y hmstgojtjrg` md pms` mo irjb`s y p`sgldms vjd`rms jújhgh`s. Md us` hm mstj mtgqumtj ms `ldgijh` pjrj movâ`s n`o rmmbl`ds`, pjqumtmrâj ` qum tmoij bês hm <=1 (sm ndjsgegnjo mo bêqugoj hm pjqumtmrâj)
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<=9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
:.< Grrmiudjrghjhms mo bjtmrgj hm erjoqum` D`s movâ`s p`stjdms hmstgojh`s j ngrnudjr p`r md tmrrgt`rg` ojng`ojd qum goirmsmo mo dj rmh póldgnj p`stjd sgo erjoqum` ` n`o erjoqum` gosuegngmotm hmlmrêo jl`ojr mo n`onmpt` hm gosuegngmongj hm erjoqum`, n`b` bâogb`, md h`ldm hm hgnfj gosuegngmongj, qum smrê sjtgsemnfj p`r md rmbgtmotm ` p`r md hmstgojtjrg`, smióo pr`nmhj. J d`s movâ`s p`stjdms o` erjoqumjh`s ` n`o erjoqum` gosuegngmotm qum vjyjo hmstgojh`s ` qum pr`nmhjo hmd mxtrjocmr` dms smrê hm jpdgnjngþo dj o`rbjtgvj gotmrojng`ojd. Nujoh` sm mstgbm qum dj gosuegngmongj hmd erjoqum` ms jlusgvj ` gotmong`ojhj p`r dj pdurjdghjh y ermnumongj hm movâ`s bjd erjoqumjh`s rmjdgzjh`s p`r uo bgsb` rmbgtmotm, o` sm nursjrêo j hmstgo`. Djs prmvgsg`oms jotmrg`rms smrêo hm jpdgnjngþo j d`s movâ`s nuy` pji` sm fjyj rmjdgzjh`, tjot` j trjvçs hm d`s sgstmbjs hm erjoqum` n`b` bmhgjotm d`s bmhg`s hm pji` jdtmrojtgv`s hm gbprmsg`oms hm bêqugojs hm erjoqumjr hm mstjbpgddjs hm erjoqum` y hm prmpji`, nuy` vjd`r rmsudtm gosuegngmotm.
J. @pmrjtgvj movâ`s n`o gosuegngmongj hm erjoqum` Mo md njs` hm jpjrmnmr movâ`s gosuegngmotmbmotm erjoqumjh`s sm jntujrê n`o md sgiugmotm pr`nmhgbgmot`3
j. Movâ`s n`o rmbgtmotm Mo mstm njs` md rmsp`osjldm hm dj rmn`ighj hm luz`oms ` dj pmrs`oj hmsgiojhj jd memnt` pr`nmhmrê j bjtjsmddjr d`s sgio`s hm erjoqum` y j ghmotgegnjr md movâ` n`b` gosuegngmotmbmotm erjoqumjh` jhfgrgmoh` dj mtgqumtj n`rrmsp`ohgmotm mo dj z`oj nmotrjd hm dj pjrtm supmrg`r hmd jovmrs`, bmhgjotm dj qum sm ghmotgegnjrê md movâ` n`b` gosuegngmotmbmotm erjoqumjh` y mo dj qum sm gohgnjrê md gbp`rtm j jl`ojr n`rrmsp`ohgmotm j dj tjrgej p`r gosuegngmongj hm erjoqum`. Md trjtjbgmot` p`stmrg`r mstjrê mo euongþo hmd pms` hmd movâ` smióo djs sgiugmotms tgp`d`iâjs3 - Movâ`s hm fjstj :11 irjb`s hm pms`. ^m pr`nmhm pr`nmhm j3 ¹ Jhfmrgr mo su rmvmrs` uoj mtgqumtj goe`rbjtgvj pjrj md rmbgtmotm n`o md sgiugmotm tmxt`3 Mstm movâ` fj sgh` hmvumdt` p`r mstjr erjoqumjh` hm e`rbj gosuegngmotm. Qjrj qum pumhj smr nursjh` hmlmrê prmsmotjrd` mo nujdqugmr `egngoj hm N`rrm`s y jl`ojr md gbp`rtm hm dj tjrgej p`r gosuegngmongj hm erjoqum` qum sm gohgnj mo md jovmrs`. ^g hmsmj hmp`sgtjrd` mo uo luzþo fjlrê hm erjoqumjrd` prmvgjbmotm p`r mstm gbp`rtm.‒ ¹ Hmv`dvmr md movâ` jd rmbgtmotm hm e`rbj gobmhgjtj p`r n`rrm` `rhgojrg`. - Movâ`s hm bês hm :11 irjb`s. ^m pr`nmhm j3 ¹ N`oemnng`ojr uo jvgs` hm gosuegngmongj hm erjoqum` hgrgigh` jd rmbgtmotm mo md qum sm dm n`buognj dj mxgstmongj hm uo`/vjrg`s movâ`s n`o gosuegngmongj hm erjoqum`, jsâ n`b` dj e`rbj hm sulsjojr tjd hmegngmongj bmhgjotm md pji` hm dj tjrgej n`rrmsp`ohgmotm mo dj `egngoj hm N`rrm`s y Xmdçirje`s, jhvgrtgçoh`dm hm qum, sg trjosnurrgh`s hgmz hâjs fêlgdms hmshm dj emnfj hmd jvgs` o` fj sulsjojh` dj hmegngmongj, md movâ` dm smrê hmvumdt`. Mo d`s buogngpg`s n`o h`s ` bês `egngojs hm N`rrm`s, trjsdjhjr hm e`rbj gobmhgjtj d`s movâ`s gosuegngmotmbmotm erjoqumjh`s qum hmljo smr jvgsjh`s j dj `egngoj bês prþxgbj jd h`bgngdg` hmd rmbgtmotm, qum smrê dj monjrijhj hm n`oemnng`ojr md jvgs` hm gosuegngmongj hm erjoqum` hgrgigh` jd rmbgtmotm. ¹ Motrmijr md jvgs` p`r n`rrm` `rhgojrg`, md prgbmr hâj fêlgd sgiugmotm j dj emnfj hm hmpþsgt`. ^g pmrs`ojh` md rmbgtmotm mo dj `egngoj jl`ojrj dj tjrgej p`r gosuegngmongj hm erjoqum`, sm pr`nmhm j3 - Jhbgtgr md movâ` smióo md tgp` y e`rbjt`, gohgnjoh` md erjoqum` gogngjd mo md sgstmbj Grgs. - N`lrjr dj njotghjh gohgnjhj p`r md sgstmbj. - Njonmdjr md movâ` ¹ Nursjr j hmstgo`.
<=6
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
^g, p`r md n`otrjrg`, md rmbgtmotm hmsmj rmtgrjr md movâ` ` movâ`s, sm dm jhvmrtgrê hm qum o` p`hrê hmp`sgtjrd` hm oumv`, sjdv` qum smj erjoqumjh` p`r md gbp`rtm qum n`rrmsp`ohj j dj tjrgej p`r gosuegngmongj hm erjoqum`. - Qdurjdghjh hm movâ`s hmp`sgtjh`s p`r uo bgsb` rmbgtmotm qum submo uo t`tjd hm <= ` bês, n`o gohmpmohmongj hm su pms`. Mo mstm supumst`, sm pr`nmhmrê smióo d` mstjldmngh` mo md puot` jotmrg`r pjrj movâ`s hm bês hm :11 irjb`s. MXGZ]MXJ^ ]XGDGSJHJ^ QJ\J MOUÂ@^ N@O GO^]EGNGMONGJ HM E\JOZ ]M@ X-:. Mtgqumtj qum gohgnj dj tjsj p`r dj gosuegngmongj qum sm fj hm jl`ojr X-<-H. Mtgqumtj goe`rbjtgvj qum sm jhfgmrm nujoh` dj njrtj sm motrmij jd hmstgojtjrg` X-<-\. Mtgqumtj goe`rbjtgvj qum sm jhfgmrm nujoh` dj njrtj sm hmvumdvm jd rmbgtmotm pjrj qum jl`om dj tjsj p`r gosuegngmongj hm erjoqum` X->. Jvgs` goe`rbjtgv` qum sm hmcj jd usujrg` mo md luzþo pjrj gohgnjrdm qum sm tgmom qum pjsjr p`r dj @egngoj pjrj jl`ojr dj gosuegngmongj hm erjoqum` hm movâ`s qum pmsjo bês hm :11 ir ` nujoh` s`o <= ` bês movâ`s.
l. Movâ`s sgo rmbgtmotm n`osgiojh` ` mstm eumrj hmsn`o`ngh` Md rmsp`osjldm hm dj rmn`ighj hm luz`oms ` dj pmrs`oj hmsgiojhj jd memnt` pr`nmhmrê j bjtjsmddjr hm dj bgsbj e`rbj qum mo md njs` jotmrg`r, sg lgmo hmlmrê jhmbês jhfmrgr uoj mtgqumtj goe`rbjtgvj mo md jovmrs` hmd movâ` n`o md sgiugmotm tmxt`3 —Mstm movâ` fj sgh` erjoqumjh` hm e`rbj gosuegngmotm. Hm jnumrh` n`o d` mstjldmngh` mo md jrtânud` 95 hmd \midjbmot` qum rmiudj dj prmstjngþo hm d`s smrvgng`s p`stjdms, jpr`ljh` p`r \mjd Hmnrmt` :6<7/:777, hm > hm hgngmblrm, hmlm jl`ojr md gbp`rtm hm dj tjrgej p`r gosuegngmongj hm erjoqum` qum sm gohgnj mo md jovmrs`, pjrj d` nujd prmsmotjrê dj nulgmrtj hm mstm movâ` mo nujdqugmr `egngoj hm N`rrm`s y Xmdçirje`s. N`buogqum jd rmbgtmotm dj `ldgijngþo hm erjoqumjr n`rrmntjbmotm pjrj mvgtjr b`dmstgjs goomnmsjrgjs‒. Mst`s movâ`s hmlmrêo nursjrsm j dj d`njdghjh hm hmstgo` y motrmijrd`s jd hmstgojtjrg` n`b` n`rrm` `rhgojrg`. ^g md movâ` vj hgrgigh` jd mxtrjocmr`, dj gosuegngmongj sm fjrê n`ostjr jhfgrgmoh` dj mtgqumtj n`rrmsp`ohgmotm mo dj qum sm gohgnjrê md gbp`rtm hmd erjoqum` ejdtjotm y, ljc` uoj ljrrj hm erjnngþo, md gbp`rtm bâogb` hm su tjsj o` rmhunghj n`rrmsp`ohgmotm jd prgbmr msnjdþo hm pms` hm d`s movâ`s prg`rgtjrg`s ` hm djs njrtjs mxpmhghjs jd mxtrjocmr`. Mst`s movâ`s sm ndjsgegnjo y nursjo j hmstgo` n`o md rmst` hm dj n`rrmsp`ohmongj gotmrojng`ojd. Nujoh` sm mstgbm qum dj gosuegngmongj hm erjoqum` ms jlusgvj ` gotmong`ojhj p`r dj pdurjdghjh y ermnumongj hm movâ`s bjd erjoqumjh`s rmjdgzjh`s p`r uo bgsb` rmbgtmotm, md rmsp`osjldm hm dj rmn`ighj hm luz`oms ` dj pmrs`oj qum sm hmsgiom jd memnt` ` p`ohrê mo n`o`ngbgmot` hmd þrijo` hmd qum hmpmohj, j memnt`s hm hmtmrbgojr dj e`rbj hm pr`nmhmr mo njhj njs` n`onrmt`. Xjot` mo `rgimo n`b` mo hmstgo`, md pmrs`ojd qum jtgmohj djs gosuegngmongjs hm erjoqum` fjlrê hm mxtrmbjr dj jtmongþo j rmbgtmotms y j hmstgojtjrg`s, ejngdgtjoh` e`ddmt`s hm tjrgejs y t`hj dj goe`rbjngþo omnmsjrgj, hm e`rbj qum dj `njsgþo sgrvj pjrj pr`b`ng`ojr dj gbjimo y d`s smrvgng`s hm N`rrm`s.
D`s movâ`s rmigstrjh`s, jd smr jhbgtgh`s y erjoqumjh`s mo vmotjogddj vmotjogddj o` ngrnudjrjo ouonj tjsjh`s, vsgmoh` rmsp`osjldm hmd erjoqum` md mbpdmjh` qum rmjdgzj dj jhbgsgþo.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<=7
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
<. BMHG BMHG@^ @^ HM QJI@ MO @EGN @EGNGOJ^ GOJ^ HM N@\\ N@\\M@^ M@^ Q`r dj vmotj hm pr`hunt`s ` prmstjngþo hm smrvgng`s, mst` ms —vmotjs jd n`otjh`‒, qum sm rmjdgzjo mo djs `egngojs hm N`rrm`s, sm p`hrêo jnmptjr, óognj y mxndusgvjbmotm, d`s sgiugmotms bmhg`s hm pji`, n`o d js rmstrgnng`oms y mxnmpng`oms qum N`rrm`s mstjldmznj mo njhj b`bmot`, mo nujot` j pr`hunt`s y smrvgng`s j jpdgnjr, gbp`rtms ` rmstrgnng`oms s`lrm d`s pr`pg`s bmhg`s hm pji`3 - Lgddmtms y b`omhj bmtêdgnj hm nurs` dmijd. N`o b`tgv` hm dj motrjhj mo vgi`r hm dj Dmy 9/<1:< hm <7 hm `ntulrm, hm b`hgegnjngþo hm dj o`rbjtgvj trglutjrgj y prmsupumstjrgj y hm jhmnujngþo hm dj o`rbjtgvj egojongmrj pjrj dj gotmosgegnjngþo hm djs jntujng`oms mo dj prmvmongþo y dunfj n`otrj md erjuhm, o` sm pumhm imstg`ojr md n`lr` mo bmtêdgn` p`r gbp`rtm supmrg`r j <.877,77 ₤. ^m mxnduym hm mstj dgbgtjngþo d`s rmngl`s mbgtgh`s p`r motghjhms egojongmrjs (jntujdbmotm Ngtgljok, N`eghgs y ]NG, y dj Hgrmnngþo Imomrjd hm Xrêegn`). Jsgbgsb`, mstêo mxndughjs hm mstj dgbgtjngþo djs `pmrjng`oms hm Igr` y Ymstmro ]og`o, j ejdtj hm pr`ouongjbgmot` j mstm rmspmnt` p`r pjrtm hm dj Jimongj Xrglutjrgj. - Xrjosemrmongj ljonjrgj ljonjrgj m Goirms` mo numotj. Md ndgmotm hmlmrê motrmijr rmsiujrh` hm dj trjosemrmongj rmjdgzjhj p`r md gbp`rtm hm dj n`bprj ` prmstjngþo hmd smrvgng`. Md rmsiujrh` hmlmrê mstjr bmnêognjbmotm vjdghjh` y smddjh` p`r dj motghjh egojongmrj hm `rgimo n`o emnfj jotmrg`r j dj rmjdgzjngþo hm dj n`bprj ` prmstjngþo hmd smrvgng`. Mo mstm njs`, dj `egngoj hmlm n`oegrbjr qum md jl`o` hm dj trjosemrmongj egiurj mo numotj ljonjrgj j trjvçs hm dj ljonj mdmntrþognj. ^g dj `egngoj ms uoj hm djs qum o` `pmrjo n`o numotj n`rrgmotm, sm hmlm ejngdgtjr jd ndgmotm md oóbmr` hm dj numotj hm su Gotmrvmongþo hm S`oj. Dj @egngoj n`buognjrê tjd ngrnuostjongj j dj Gotmrvmongþo y, óognjbmotm, nujoh` mstj n`oegrbm md goirms` mo numotj sm pr`nmhmrê j prmstjr md smrvgng` jd Ndgmotm. - Xjrcmtj hm nrçhgt`/hçlgt`. X`hjs djs tjrcmtjs jut`rgzjhjs p`r d`s hgsp`sgtgv`s ` dmnt`rms hm tjrcmtjs hgstrglugh`s mo djs `egngojs. O` sm utgdgzjrê mstm bmhg` hm pji` pjrj3 ¹ Jhbgsgþo hmd ^mrvgng` hm Igr`. ¹ Jhbgsgþo hm Ymstmro ]og`o. ¹ Md smrvgng` hm n`lr` hm rmngl`s. ¹ Djs rmnjrijs hm dj tjrcmtj —Bês nmrnj‒. ¹ X`h`s d`s gbp`rtms n`lrjh`s mo ^IGM3 rmmbl`ds`s, gbp`rtms hm trêbgtms jhujomr`s, jhujomr`s, ejntjcm ` hmv`dungþo hm pjqumtmrâj. ¹ Nujdqugmr `tr` qum o` sm n`lrm p`r Gj l`dsj hm Grgs. Dj pjsjrmdj hm pji`s hm N`rrm`s o` tgmom jut`rgzjhjs djs sgiugmotms tjrcmtjs3 - Hgomrs Ndul. - Xjrcmtj hm hm eghmdgzjngþo —Bês nmrnj‒. Mstj tjrcmtj tjrcmtj tgmom fjlgdgtjh` uo uo jtrglut` hmo`bgojh` —prmpji`‒, qum pjrj jqumddjs qum d` gon`rp`rjo, pmrbgtm jd ndgmotm fjnmr goirms`s mo su tjrcmtj n`o dj qum p`hmr rmjdgzjr n`bprjs, mxndusgvjbmotm mo djs `egngojs hm N`rrm`s, fjstj n`osubgr md sjdh`. O` sm pumhm utgdgzjr mstm bmhg` hm pji` pjrj3 - Jhbgsgþo hmd ^mrvgng` hm Igr`. - Jhbgsgþo hm Ymstmro ]og`o. - Md smrvgng` hm n`lr` hm rmngl`s. - Djs rmnjrijs hm dj tjrcmtj —Bês nmrnj‒
<.: <. : MB MBG^ G^GÞ GÞO O HM EJNX]\ J^ QJ\J QJ QJI@ I@^ ^ JD N@O N@OXJH@ XJH@ Juoqum sm pumhmo fjnmr ejnturjs —rmnjpgtudjtgvjs‒, hmlmb`s prmiuotjr jd ndgmotm sg vj j qumrmr dj mbgsgþo hm ejnturj mo md b`bmot`, p`r d` qum sm dm prmiuotjrê jotms hm tmrbgojhjs sus `pmrjng`oms, sg omnmsgtjo ejnturj ` o`, n`o md ego hm mbgtgrdjs mo md b`bmot`, mvgtjoh` jsâ s`dgngtuhms y rmndjbjng`oms p`stmrg`rms.
<51
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
Mo nubpdgbgmot` hmd \mjd Hmnrmt` :5:7/<1:<, hm >1 hm o`vgmblrm, mstjb`s `ldgijh`s j mbgtgr ejnturj sgbpdgegnjhj j pjrtgr hm 811 ₤, p`r vmotjs ` smrvgng`s qum o` smjo hm tmrnmr`s, jsâ pums, sgmbprm qum sm vjyj j n`lrjr uoj l`dsj supmrg`r j mstm gbp`rtm y o` sm fjyj smdmnng`ojh` dj `pngþo —n`o ejnturj‒, md sgstmbj djozjrê uo bmosjcm pjrj gbpmhgr n`lrjr dj l`dsj sgo mbgtgr dj ejnturj, `ldgijoh` j gotr`hungr d`s hjt`s hmd ndgmotm y mbgtgmoh` dj ejnturj n`rrmsp`ohgmotm. Dj mbgsgþo hm ejnturjs sm hmlmrê jtmomr j djs sgiugmotms o`rbjs3 - Mstê pr`fglgh` mbgtgr nujdqugmr tgp` hm ejnturj (tjd`ojrg`s, pdjotgddjs hm Mxnmd, mtn.) qum o` fjyj sgh` imomrjhj j trjvçs hmd sgstmbj G\G^. - Djs `egngojs juxgdgjrms y smrvgng`s rurjdms qum tmoijo omnmsghjh omnmsghjh hm `ltmomr uoj ejnturj pjrj uo ndgmotm, hmlmrêo rmjdgzjr md pr`nms` hm jhbgsgþo, hm d`s pr`hunt`s ` smrvgng`s `lcmt` hm hgnfj ejnturj, j trjvçs hm su `egngoj tçnognj n`rrmsp`ohgmotm, s`dgngtjoh` hmd ndgmotm d`s sgiugmotms hjt`s omnmsjrg`s pjrj dj mbgsgþo hm dj ejnturj3 ¹ O`blrm ` hmo`bgojngþo s`ngjd. ¹ H`bgngdg` egsnjd. ¹ OGE
J. Ejnturjs rmnjpgtudjtgvjs Dj `egngoj, j pmtgngþo hm uo ndgmotm, pumhm mbgtgr ejnturjs rmnjpgtudjtgvjs hm `pmrjng`oms rmjdgzjhjs mo dj pr`pgj `egngoj ` mo `trj/s. Mstjs ejnturjs sþd` sm pumhmo s`dgngtjr j p`stmrg`rg, ouonj mo md b`bmot` hm dj n`bprj. Djs `pmrjng`oms rmedmcjhjs mo dj ejnturj rmnjpgtudjtgvj jpjrmnmo hmsid`sjhjs p`r hâj y tgnkmt, hm bjomrj qum dj ejnturj tmohrê tjot`s ld`qums n`b` tgnkmts sm fjyjo gotr`hungh` mo hgnfj ejnturj. Xjblgço jpjrmnm dj `egngoj hm jhbgsgþo hm njhj tgnkmt y uo rmsubmo hm dj ejnturj, hmsid`sjh` p`r tgp` gbp`sgtgv`. J su vmz, tjblgço, tgmom uo hmsid`sm mo ejnturj p`stjd y o` p`stjd. Dj ejnturj rmnjpgtudjtgvj sm mbgtm j pjrtgr hm uo` ` vjrg`s tgnkmts hm n`bprj, mbgtgh`s mo hâjs m gondus` bmsms jtrês, n`o uoj jotgiômhjh bêxgbj hm uo jú`. Qjrj qum mst`s tgnkmts pumhjo mstjr gondugh`s mo dj ejnturj rmnjpgtudjtgvj, o` pumhmo fjlmr sgh` gondugh`s mo ejnturj jotmrg`r jdiuoj. Mo uoj bgsbj ejnturj rmnjpgtudjtgvj pumhmo gondugrsm vjrg`s tgnkmts hgemrmotms, sgmbprm qum mst`s sm fjyjo mbgtgh` md bgsb` bms y jú`. Q`r tjot`, sm tmohrê qum mbgtgr uoj ejnturj rmnjpgtudjtgvj pjrj njhj tgnkmt mbgtgh` hurjotm uo bgsb` bms y jú`. Jhmbês, d`s tgnkmts hmlmo pmrtmomnmr j uoj bgsbj z`oj gbp`sgtgvj, mst` ms, o` sm pumhmo mbgtgr ejnturjs n`o tgnkmts qum, sgmoh` hmd bgsb` bms y jú`, sm fjyjo `ltmogh`, p`r mcmbpd`, mo `egngojs hm dj pmoâosudj y hm Njojrgjs ` Nmutj y Njojrgjs, mtn. Qjrj ddmijr jd bþhud` hm nrmjngþo hm ejnturjs rmnjpgtudjtgvjs, fjy qum smiugr dj sgiugmotm rutj mo G\G^3 Bmoó?Imstgþo?Ejnturjs \mnjpgtudjtgvjs?Oumvj Ejnturj.
L. ^mrvgng`s rurjdms Zumhj joudjhj dj p`sglgdghjh hm s`dgngtjr ejnturj hm tgnkmts imomrjh`s mo mstjbpgddjh`rjs hm smrvgng`s rurjdms. ^mióo mstjldmnm md jrtânud` : hmd \mjd Hmnrmt` :5:7/<1:<, hm >1 hm o`vgmblrm, d`s mbprmsjrg`s ` pr`emsg`ojdms mstêo `ldgijh`s j mxpmhgr y motrmijr, mo su njs`, ejnturj u `tr`s custgegnjotms p`r djs `pmrjng`oms qum rmjdgnmo mo md hmsjrr`dd` hm su jntgvghjh mbprmsjrgjd ` pr`emsg`ojd, jsâ n`b` j n`osmrvjr n`pgj ` bjtrgz hm jqumdd`s. N`rrm`s, mo su n`ohgngþo hm pmrs`oj curâhgnj qum hmsjrr`ddj uoj jntgvghjh mbprmsjrgjd, mstê sucmt` j msj `ldgijngþo, p`r d` qum hmlm jcustjrsm j dj o`rbjtgvj vgimotm y h`nubmotjr sus `pmrjng`oms n`o djs n`rrmsp`ohgmotms ejnturjs. Dj `ldgijngþo hm mxpmhgr ejnturj n`bpdmtj, mo dj qum n`ostmo, motrm `tr`s hjt`s, dj ghmotgegnjngþo hmd hmstgojtjrg` (OGE, Jpmddgh`s y O`blrm ` \jzþo ^`ngjd y H`bgngdg`) sm pumhm sustgtugr p`r dj mxpmhgngþo hm uoj ejnturj sgbpdgegnjhj (qum fjstj fjnm p`n`s jú`s sm hmo`bgojlj —tgqum‒) nujoh` su gbp`rtm o` mxnmhj hm 811₤, gbpumst`s gondugh`s, smióo md jrtânud` 8 hmd \mjd Hmnrmt` :5:7/<1:<, jotms ngtjh`. Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<5:
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
O` `lstjotm d` jotmrg`r, mo md njs` hm qum md hmstgojtjrg` mxgcj uoj ejnturj n`bpdmtj n`o sus hjt`s ghmotgegnjtgv`s, p`rqum jsâ d` omnmsgtm pjrj md mcmrngng` hm nujdqugmr hmrmnf` hm ojturjdmzj trglutjrgj, N`rrm`s mstjrê `ldgijh` j mbgtârsmdj. Q`r mdd` ms gbprmsngohgldm n`o`nmr md bgsb` hâj hm dj vmotj sg md ndgmotm vj j prmngsjr uoj ejnturj n`bpdmtj, pjrj qum mstj pumhj smr imomrjhj mo dj @egngoj Xçnognj n`rrmsp`ohgmotm msm bgsb` hâj (lgmo p`r md bgsb` njrtmr` ` lgmo p`r pmrs`ojd hm dj @egngoj mo md njs` hm qum smj md ndgmotm qugmo jnuhj j mstj), pumst` qum o` smrê p`sgldm imomrjr msj ejnturj n`bpdmtj j p`stmrg`rg.
<.< <. < XJ\C MXJ^ LJO NJ\GJ ^ ^m fj jhjptjh` dj euong`ojdghjh hm Grgs pjrj jnmptjr uoj oumvj b`hjdghjh hm pji`, n`o tjrcmtj hm hçlgt` y/` nrçhgt`. D`s smrvgng`s pjrj d`s qum p`hmb`s jnmptjr hmtmrbgojhjs tjrcmtjs n`b` e`rbj hm pji`, s`o t`h`s jqumdd`s qum sm n`lrjo p`r dj l`dsj hm dj jpdgnjngþo G\G^. Zumhjo mxndugh`s hmd pji` n`o tjrcmtj, p`r hgstgot`s b`tgv`s, d`s sgiugmotms smrvgng`s3 - \mnjrijs Xmdmn`r. - Ymstmro ]og`o. - Igr` Mdmntrþogn`. - N`lr` hm \mngl`s. - D`nut`rg`. - Gbp`rtms n`lrjh`s mo ^IGM (rmmbl`ds`, gbp`rtms jhujomr`s, hmv`dung`oms hm pjqumtmrâj) - Nujdqugmr `tr` qum o` sm n`lrm p`r p`r dj l`dsj hm Grgs. O` tgmom gbp`rtm bâogb` y ms uo smrvgng` vêdgh` pjrj t`hjs djs tjrcmtjs mxnmpt` djs hm Hgoomrs Ndul.
<.> <. > XJ\CM XJ HM Q\M QJ QJI@ I@ N@\ N@\\M \M@^ @^ Dj Xjrcmtj N`rrm`s Qrmpji` BjstmrNjrh ms uoj tjrcmtj n`o dj qum md ndgmotm pumhm rmjdgzjr n`bprjs mo nujdqugmr n`bmrng` eâsgn` y `odgom h`ohm sm jnmptjo tjrcmtjs BjstmrNjrh. O` omnmsgtj hm numotj n`rrgmotm. Q`r ms`, md ndgmotm óognjbmotm pumhm hgsp`omr hmd hgomr` qum fjyj njrijh` prmvgjbmotm mo dj tjrcmtj. Jhmbês, sm `ltgmom jd gostjotm mo djs @egngojs hm N`rrm`s, ` mo h`s smbjojs sg sm s`dgngtj j trjvçs hm dj wml, sgo n`bpr`ljngþo hmd fgst`rgjd hm hmuhj, n`o s`d` prmsmotjr md HOG. Mo njs` hm s`dgngtjrdj p`r dj wml, uoj vmz rmnglghj, pjrj p`hmr rmnjrijrdj, md ndgmotm prgbmr` hmlmrê jnuhgr j uoj `egngoj hm N`rrm`s pjrj msnjomjr su HOG. Djs Xjrcmtjs qum sm n`bmrngjdgzjo mo djs `egngojs hm N`rrm`s o` s`o o`bgojtgvjs (o` ddmvjo gbprms` md o`blrm hmd tgtudjr hm dj tjrcmtj), ddmvjo gbprmsj dj dmymohj —O` omnmsgtj ghmotgegnjngþo‒. Dj o`rbjtgvj o` mxgim prmsmotjr HOG pjrj utgdgzjr dj tjrcmtj pjrj pjijr mo n`bmrng`s, og jd fjnmr goirms`s mo N`rrm`s, pmr` sâ pjrj rmjdgzjr \mgotmir`s. Md oóbmr` QGO hm djs tjrcmtjs jhqugrghjs mo djs `egngojs hm N`rrm`s sm `ltgmom sgiugmoh` djs gostrunng`oms hmtjddjhjs mo md rmvmrs` hmd pjnk hm n`bprj. Jd hjr hm jdtj dj tjrcmtj mo dj @egngoj md ndgmotm rmnglm md QGO j trjvçs hm uo ^B^ mo su bþvgd. Djs tjrcmtjs o` pumhmo vmohmrsm j bmo`rms hm :6 jú`s.
J. Xgp` hm tjrcmtj
Xjrcmtj prmpji` hm N`rrm`s
Xjrcmtj Qrmbgub (KWN) (hmsjpjrmnm dj Xjrcmtj ^HH Hgdgimongj ^gbpdm Hmlghj).
<5<
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
L. Dgbgtms -
Dâbgtm bêxgb` hm sjdh` 9.=11 ₤. Dâbgtm bêxgb` hm rmnjrij hgjrgj =.111₤ (sgmbprm qum md sjdh` bêxgb` o` supmrm d`s 9.=11₤). Qumhm hgsp`omr hm memntgv` mo nujdqugmr pjâs3 rmtgrjhj uogtjrgj hm fjstj >11₤, < rmtgrjhjs bêxgbjs hgjrgjs. ]oj vmz gotr`hunghj dj goe`rbjngþo, md sgstmbj n`bprumlj d`s hjt`s hmd n`bprjh`r mo d`s dgstjh`s pmojdms y hm sjong`oms, y jnmptjrê ` hmndgojrê dj numotj hm dj tjrcmtj mo tgmbp` rmjd.
N. Jdtj ]oj vmz gotr`hunghj dj goe`rbjngþo, md sgstmbj n`bprumlj d`s hjt`s hmd n`bprjh`r mo d`s dgstjh`s pmojdms y hm sjong`oms, y jnmptjrê ` hmndgojrê dj numotj hm dj tjrcmtj mo tgmbp` rmjd. Md oóbmr` hm dj tjrcmtj, hmd qum sm tgmom qum goe`rbjr mo G\G^ tgmom :< hâigt`s (<1111…) O` sm hmlm n`oeuohgr n`o md oóbmr` hm dj tjrcmtj hm :5 hâigt`s3 =>18 6<11 VVVV VVVV, vêdgh` pjrj rmjdgzjr n`bprjs mo n`bmrng`s.
H. Hjt`s Qjrj md jdtj hm dj tjrcmtj md ndgmotm hmlm goe`rbjr y jp`rtjr3 - O`blrm y Jpmddgh`s. - Xgp` hm H@G (HOG, HOG Mur`pm`, OGM ` Qjsjp`rtm). - Oóbmr` hm H@G. - Ojng`ojdghjh. - Emnfj hm njhunghjh hmd H@G. - Qjâs hm mbgsgþo hmd H@G. - Hgrmnngþo mo dj z`oj ^MQJ (]ogþo Mur`pmj, bês3 bês3 Gsdjohgj, Dgmnftmostmgo, Bjdtj, O`rumij, ^jo Bjrgo` y ^ugzj). - Emnfj hm ojngbgmot` (Grgs ld`qumj md jdtj sg md ndgmotm ms bmo`r hm mhjh). - Oóbmr` hm tmdçe`o` bþvgd (ms `ldgijt`rg`, sm smdmnng`oj md pjâs, p`r hmemnt`3 hmemnt`3 Mspjúj). Mspjúj). - M-bjgd (@png`ojd pmr` gbp`rtjotm). Jhmbês hm jp`rtjr h`nubmotjngþo jnrmhgtjtgvj hm su ghmotghjh, sg mstj o` ddmvj gon`rp`rjhj hgrmnngþo (pjsjp`rtm ` h`nubmot`s ghmotgegnjtgv`s hm `tr`s pjâsms), hmlmrê jp`rtjr jhgng`ojdbmotm uoj prumlj hm hgrmnngþo mo e`rbj hm rmngl` hmd ljon`, ejnturj hm subgogstr`s, mtn. Óognjbmotm sm pumhm hjr hm jdtj uoj tjrcmtj n`o tgp` hm h`nubmot` HOG j nguhjhjo`s n`o ojng`ojdghjh mspjú`dj. Qjrj md rmst` hm ojng`ojdghjhms tgmom qum goe`rbjrsm HOG Mur`pm`, OGM ` Qjsjp`rtm. ]oj vmz gotr`hunghj mstj goe`rbjngþo y pudsjoh` Jnmptjr, md sgstmbj n`bprumlj d`s hjt`s hmd ndgmotm mo d`s dgstjh`s hm QLN (Qrmvmongþo Ldjoqum` hm Njpgtjdms) y jnmptj ` hmndgoj dj numotj hm dj tjrcmtj mo tgmbp` rmjd. ^g dj numotj sm hmndgoj, sm goe`rbj jd ndgmotm hm dj gbp`sglgdghjh hm jhqugrgr dj tjrcmtj y md pr`nms` hm jdtj sm tmrbgoj. ^g dj numotj sm jnmptj, md mbpdmjh` goe`rbj jd ndgmotm hm dj n`oe`rbghjh hm sus hjt`s.
M. \mnjrij hm dj tjrcmtj y n`stms D`s ndgmotms pumhmo njrijr su tjrcmtj mo `egngojs3 - Bmhgjotm hgomr` mo memntgv`. - N`o njri` j `trj tjrcmtj hm hçlgt`/nrçhgt`. Dj tjrcmtj pumhm rmnjrijrsm sgo gbp`rtm bâogb` y fjstj uo bêxgb` hm :.111₤ mo dj prgbmrj rmnjrij y =.111₤ mo sunmsgvjs, sgo s`lrmpjsjr md dâbgtm hm 9.=11₤ hm sjdh` mo dj tjrcmtj. Mo njs` hm supmrjngþo hm
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<5>
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
hgnf`s dâbgtms, md sgstmbj bumstrj md bmosjcm n`rrmsp`ohgmotm. ^gmbprm sm rmnjrij : mur` bmo`s hm d` gotr`hungh` mo Grgs p`r dj n`bgsgþo qum sm n`lrj p`r dj `pmrjngþo. N`stm hm mbgsgþo
Qji` mo n`bmrng`s mur`
Xjrcmtj Qrmpji` N`rrm`s \mtgrjhj memntgv` \mnjrijs mo `egngojs \mnjrijs hm dj mur`z`oj hm N`rrm`s tjrcmtj mo wml ` JQQ
5₤
1₤
:₤
:₤
<₤
Md dâbgtm p`r trjosjnngþo sm rgim p`r djs sgiugmotms o`rbjs3 - Mo memntgv`, o` ms p`sgldm rmjdgzjr uoj rmnjrij p`r gbp`rtm supmrg`r j :.111 mur`s. Qjrj gbp`rtms supmrg`rms dj `pmrjngþo hmlmrê rmjdgzjrsm n`o njri` j uoj tjrcmtj hm hçlgt`/nrçhgt`. - N`o njri` j `trj tjrcmtj, md dâbgtm hm dj rmnjrij ms md dâbgtm hgjrg` ` joujd hm dj tjrcmtj. - Md dâbgtm hgjrg` ms hm =.111 ₤. J trjvçs hm dj Ljdjozj (Mpmdsj) sm imomrj uo tgnkmt pjrj motrmijr jd ndgmotm n`b` n`bpr`ljotm hm dj `pmrjngþo.
E. \mmbpdjz` hm tjrcmtjs Md pr`nmhgbgmot` hm rmbpdjz` o` ms jpdgnjldm j jqumddjs tjrcmtjs qum md ndgmotm rmnglm mo su h`bgngdg` p`r rmo`vjngþo jut`bêtgnj, supmrjh` md pmrg`h` hm vjdghmz. Mo md rmbpdjz` sgmbprm sm motrmij jd ndgmotm uoj tjrcmtj hm djs hgsp`ogldms mo dj `egngoj y sm n`lrj p`r mddj. O` sm hmlm rmjdgzjr mstj `pmrjtgvj sg md ndgmotm sm prmsmotj mo dj `egngoj n`o dj tjrcmtj hm rmo`vjngþo rmnglghj mo su h`bgngdg`. Mo md bmoó hm Jhbgsgþo, sm smdmnng`oj Xjrcmtjs Qrmpji` ?? \mmbpdjz` hm tjrcmtj pjrj jnnmhmr j dj pjotjddj hm gogng` hm \mmbpdjz` hm tjrcmtj.
I. I``idm Qjy N`rrm`s sm subj j dj tmohmongj hm pji` rêpgh` y smiur` j trjvçs hmd bþvgd, j dj vmz qum jubmotjo djs vmotjcjs hm dj tjrcmtj prmpji`, n`o dj qum j pjrtgr hm jf`rj sm p`hrê n`bprjr mo bgdd`oms hm tgmohjs eâsgnjs, `odgom y jpps jóo n`o bês ejngdghjh. Dj tjrcmtj N`rrm`s Qrmpji` sm jhfgmrm j dj pdjtje`rbj hm pji` p`r bþvgd hm I``idm, n`ovgrtgçoh`dj mo dj prgbmrj tjrcmtj prmpji` mo mstm tgp` hm hgsp`sgtgv` y jp`stjoh` hm mstj bjomrj p`r djs ódtgbjs tmohmongjs y hmbjohjs hmd bmrnjh`. N`o mstm oumv` bçt`h` hm pji`, md pr`nms` pjrj rmjdgzjr djs n`bprjs ms buy smongdd`3 pjrj pjijr mo dj wml, ljstjrê n`o lusnjr md d`i` hm I``idm Qjy. Mo md njs` hmd bþvgd, fjy qum hmsnjrijr dj jpp hm I``idm Qjy j trjvçs hm Qdjy ^t`rm, gotr`hungr d`s hjt`s hm dj tjrcmtj N`rrm`s Qrmpji` (` rmjdgzjr uoj e`t` hm dj tjrcmtj) y yj mstjrâj t`h` dgst` pjrj p`hmr memntujr djs n`bprjs j trjvçs hmd bþvgd, sgo omnmsghjh hm ddmvjr dj tjrcmtj mongbj.
<58
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
Jhmbês, j mstm smrvgng` sm dm jújhm md lmomegng` hm p`hmr rmjdgzjr md smiugbgmot` hm t`hjs djs n`bprjs, im`d`njdgzjngþo hm djs bgsbjs m gondus` rmnglgr suimrmongjs pmrs`ojdgzjhjs. Mo md njs` hm pji` `odgom ` j trjvçs hm jpps, o` fjy qum gotr`hungr rmgtmrjhjbmotm dj goe`rbjngþo hm pji`.
<.8 <. 8 XJ\CM XJ BÊ^ NM NM\NJ \NJ Dj tjrcmtj —Bês nmrnj‒ ms dj tjrcmtj hm eghmdgzjngþo hm N`rrm`s. Ms uoj tjrcmtj qum sgrvm pjrj ghmotgegnjr j d`s ndgmotms nujoh` rmjdgzjo uoj n`bprj. Qumhmo smr ndgmotms hm tjrcmtj tjot` d`s pjrtgnudjrms n`b` djs mbprmsjs, qum egrbjo uo n`otrjt` hm tjrcmtj jnmptjoh` djs n`ohgng`oms hm us`. ]o ndgmotm qum tmoij n`otrjt` n`bmrngjd mo N`rrm`s pumhm smr tjblgço ndgmotm hm tjrcmtj. ^gmbprm tgmom qum fjlmr uo H@G hm uoj pmrs`oj eâsgnj. ^g md ndgmotm ms mbprmsj, md H@G js`ngjh` smrê md hmd rmprmsmotjotm dmijd hm dj bgsbj. ]o n`otrjt` hm tjrcmtj pmrbgtm uoj tjrcmtj tgtudjr (`ldgijt`rgj) y vjrgjs tjrcmtjs jhgng`ojdms (fjstj 8 irjtugtjs). Dj tjrcmtj pumhm, sg md ndgmotm qugmrm, usjrsm n`b` uoj tjrcmtj prmpji` rmnjrijldm, sgmoh` s`d` vêdghj pjrj pjijr mo N`rrm`s. Dj tjrcmtj o` tgmom ogoióo hjt` mo dj bgsbj, s`d` md oóbmr` hmd ndgmotm qum sm dmm n`o md nþhgi` hm ljrrjs. X`h`s d`s hmbês hjt`s js`ngjh`s j msm oóbmr` mstêo mo md sgstmbj hm N`rrm`s. Djs rmnjrijs sm fjnmo mo dj `egngoj j trjvçs hm G\G^ y o` sm pumhm rmnjrijr n`o tjrcmtj hm nrçhgt`/hçlgt`. O` ms omnmsjrg` qum dj rmnjrij tmoij qum rmjdgzjrdj md tgtudjr ` md rmprmsmotjotm dmijd, pumhm smr uo jut`rgzjh`. Djs hgstgotjs tjrcmtjs jhgng`ojdms pumhmo tmomr js`ngjhjs hgemrmotms n`ohgng`oms. Qumhmo smr uojs hm prmpji` y `trjs o`, smióo hmnghj md ndgmotm, y tjblgço pumhmo tmomr dâbgtms hm ijst` hgjrg` hgstgot`s. Dj tjrcmtj sgrvm pjrj js`ngjr djs `pmrjng`oms qum rmjdgzj uo ndgmotm n`o su o` hm n`otrjt`. Qjrj mdd` ms gbprmsngohgldm qum o`s jsmiurmb`s hm qum t`h`s d`s ndgmotms hm tjrcmtj rmjdgnmo sus `pmrjng`oms ghmotgegnêoh`sm n`b` tjdms. O` ms omnmsjrg` (sjdv` pjrj pji`s) qum md ndgmotm trjgij eâsgnjbmotm dj tjrcmtj, óognjbmotm ms omnmsjrg` md oóbmr`. @pmrjtgvjbmotm dj tjrcmtj pmrbgtm rmnupmrjr d`s hjt`s hmd rmbgtmotm pjrj o` tmomr qum gotr`hungrd`s bjoujdbmotm mo G\G^ mo d`s pr`hunt`s qum omnmsgtjo njpturjr mstm hjt`. G\G^ pmrbgtm njblgjr d`s hjt`s hm rmbgtmotm, sg md ndgmotm omnmsgtj p`omr `tr`s hjt`s, pmr` mstj b`hgegnjngþo vjdm s`d` pjrj dj `pmrjngþo qum sm rmjdgzj, sg fjy njblg`s pmrbjomotms mst`s hmlmo fjnmrsm mo dj jpdgnjngþo hm dj tjrcmtj.
J. Njocmjr vjdms D`s oumv`s vjdms hmsnumot` qum dm smjo mbgtgh`s j d`s ndgmotms hmcjrêo hm smr movgjh`s j sus h`bgngdg`s p`r njrtj `rhgojrgj. Mo su duijr, sm rmbgtgrêo vâj m-bjgd j njhj uoj hm djs hgrmnng`oms hm n`rrm` mdmntrþogn` qum fjyjo goe`rbjh` mo md b`bmot` mo qum hgmr`o hm jdtj sus n`otrjt`s. Fjlrê uo oumv` e`rbjt` hm vjdms hmsnumot`, nuyj prgongpjd o`vmhjh ms qum sm dms rmbgtgrê uo óogn` vjdm. ^u gbp`rtm bâogb` smiugrê sgmoh` = ₤, pmr` su gbp`rtm bêxgb` mqugvjdhrê jd > % hm d`s n`osub`s rmjdgzjh`s p`r md ndgmotm mo md bms jotmrg`r. ^g md > % hm d`s n`osub`s bmosujdms hm uo ndgmotm eumsm goemrg`r j = ₤, o` rmnglgrê ogoióo vjdm. Mstm gbp`rtm sm jnubudjr ê n`o d`s n`osub`s hm bmsms p`stmrg`rms fjstj jdnjozjr d`s = ₤. Md oumv` e`rbjt` hm vjdm hmsnumot` gondugrê uo modjnm hgrmnt` j dj pêigoj wml hm N`rrm`s pjrj qum d`s ndgmotms jnnmhjo j dj @egngoj Ugrtujd, y pumhjo mo mddj n`osudtjr md sjdh` hm sus tjrcmtjs, sus ejnturjs mbgtghjs y d`s b`vgbgmot`s hm sus tjrcmtjs. Qjrj d`s ndgmotms qum goe`rbmo o` fjlmr rmnglgh` md bjgd n`o su rmspmntgv` vjdm hmsnumot`, ` lgmo, o` hgsp`oijo hm çd mo md b`bmot` hm gr j rmjdgzjr uoj jhbgsgþo mo `egngoj, md mbpdmjh` hm vmotjogddj p`hrê `ltmomr dj oubmrjngþo hmd vjdm hmsnumot` hmshm ^IXN (^gstmbj hm Imstgþo Xjrcmtj Bjs Nmrnj) pjrj jpdgnjrd` p`stmrg`rbmotm mo G\G^ y qum md ndgmotm d` pumhj hmhungr hm sus n`bprjs.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<5=
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
^gmbprm qum sm fjyj ghmotgegnjh` jd ndgmotm n`b` ndgmotm hm tjrcmtj bês nmrnj, sm fj hm gotr`hungr md nþhgi` hm hmsnumot` mo dj njsgddj —N`hgi` pr`b`ngþo vjdm ht`.‒, qum sm monumotrj mo dj z`oj goemrg`r hm dj pjotjddj. Jd n`lrjr dj l`dsj fjnmb`s ndgnk mo —pr`b`ng`oms‒ smdmnng`ojoh` dj pr`b`ngþo hm dj vmotjoj mbmrimotm.
L. Qr`irjbj Q`stdglrgs D`s ndgmotms n`o dj tjrcmtj —Bês nmrnj‒ pumhmo jnnmhmr jd pr`irjbj Q`stdglrgs. N`rrm`s fj jn`rhjh` bjotmomr mo <1:6 djs n`ohgng`oms y hmsnumot`s mspmngjdms hmd Qr`irjbj Q`stdglrgs pjrj djs mbprmsjs mhgt`rjs, hgstrglugh`rjs y mstjldmngbgmot` hm vmotj p`r n`rrm`, pjrj md movâ` hm dglr`s p`r n`rrm`. Md mstjr jhsnrgt` jd pr`irjbj Q`stdglrgs hj hmrmnf` j d` sgiugmotms hmsnumot`s3 - Jpdgnjngþo hmd <=% hm l`ogegnjngþo mo dj tjrgej hm —Dglr`s‒ hm êblgt` ojng`ojd. - Hmsnumot` hmd >1% mo dj tjrgej hm —Qjq Mstêohjr‒, b`hjdghjh —Motrmij mo @egngoj Mdmighj. Mstm hmsnumot` ms gon`bpjtgldm n`o nujdqugmr `tr` hmsnumot` hm N`rrm`s. Djs mbprmsjs susnrgtjs jd pr`irjbj Q`stdglrgs hmlmrêo hmlmrêo prmsmotjr sgmbprm dj Xjrcmtj Bês Bês Nmrnj hm dj qum s`o tgtudjrms, mo md b`bmot` hm dj jhbgsgþo hm mst`s movâ`s. D`s ndgmotms jhsnrgt`s jd Qr`irjbj Q`stdglrgs, qum utgdgnmo Qjq Mstêohjr —Motrmij mo @egngoj Mdmighj‒ pjrj md movâ` hm dglr`s, p`hrêo n`otrjtjr d`s vjd`rms jújhgh`s pr`pg`s hmd pr`hunt`. Mo msm njs`, md hmsnumot` s`d` sm jpdgnjrê j dj tjrgej hmd Qjq Mstêohjr, pmr` ouonj mo d`s vjd`rms jújhgh`s qum sm n`otrjtmo n`o md bgsb`.
Q`hrêo jn`imrsm jd pr`irjbj Q`stdglrgs, djs mbprmsjs mhgt`rjs ` hgstrglugh`rjs hm dglr`s y/` mstjldmngbgmot`s hm vmotj j hgstjongj hm dglr`s qum jnrmhgtmo qum tgmomo n`b` jntgvghjh prgbmrj ` smnuohjrgj, nujdqugmrj hm d`s mpâirjems sgiugmotms3 - 895.: Mhgngþo hm dglr`s. - 895.7 @trjs mhgng`oms ON@Q. - 897.: N`bmrng` jd p`r bmo`r p`r n`rrmsp`ohmongj ` Gotmromt. - 5:7.5 N`bmrng` jd p`r bjy`r hm dglr`s, pmrgþhgn`s y rmvgstjs. - 5=7.8 N`bmrng` jd p`r bmo`r hm dglr`s, pmrgþhgn`s y rmvgstjs. - 55= N`bmrng` jd p`r bmo`r p`r n`rrm` ` p`r njtêd`i`. Dj jhbgsgþo hm d`s movâ`s n`o hmsnumot` Q`stdglrgs sm rmjdgzjrê s`d` mo @egngojs hm N`rrm`s, o` pmrbgtgçoh`sm djs jhbgsg`oms mo Nmotr` hm Jhbgsgþo Bjsgvj ` n`o rmn`ighj j h`bgngdg`. Md pji` hm mst`s movâ`s sm p`hrê rmjdgzjr mo bmtêdgn`, n`o tjrcmtj hm nrçhgt` ` n`o dj pr`pgj Xjrcmtj Bês Nmrnj. Mo md njs` hmd pr`hunt` —Dglr`s‒, jhmbês p`hrêo utgdgzjrsm, smdd`s, mstjbpgddjs ` mstjbpjngþo n`o bêqugojs hm erjoqumjr. Md gbp`rtm hmd erjoqum` smrê md qum rmsudtm hm jpdgnjr md hmsnumot` Q`stdglrgs j dj tjrgej vgimotm hm —Dglr` ojng`ojd‒ ` —Qjq Mstêohjr Motrmij mo @egngoj mdmighj‒, qum n`rrmsp`ohj jd trjb` hm pms` qum tmoij md movâ`.
<.= <. = XJ\CM XJ X\ X\J JUM UMD D ND ND]L ]L Xrjvmd Ndul ms md Qr`irjbj hm eghmdgzjngþo dâhmr mo Mspjúj, qum pmrbgtm j sus s`ng`s n`osmiugr vgjcms y rmijd`s njocmjoh` d`s puot`s jnubudjh`s mo su Xjrcmtj Xrjvmd Ndul. D`s puot`s sm n`osgiumo n`bprjoh` mo nujdqugmrj hm d`s bês hm :<.111 mstjldmngbgmot`s y <11 tgmohjs `odgom. Hmotr` hm mddjs, sm gonduymo t`hjs djs `egngojs hm N`rrm`s. D`s ndgmotms tjblgço pumhmo `ltmomr puot`s j trjvçs hm dj @egngoj Q`stjd Ugrtujd. Jhmbês, j d` djri` hm <1:9 sm p`hrêo n`osmiugr puot`s j trjvçs hm fttps3//tun`rrm`s.ms/
<55
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
Xrjs djs `pmrjng`oms hm G\G^, sm pudsj —n`lrjr l`dsj‒, sm smdmnng`oj dj e`rbj hm pji`. J n`otgoujngþo, sm gotr`hunmo d`s hjt`s hm dj tjrcmtj hm Xrjvmd Ndul, lgmo bjoujdbmotm, ` lgmo bmhgjotm dj pgst`dj dmnt`rj. Mstj tjrcmtj hm eghmdgzjngþo pmrbgtm jnubudjr puot`s n`o dj n`bprj hm pr`hunt`s hm N`rrm`s. Mstm pr`irjbj rmoumvj su `emrtj pmrgþhgnjbmotm, p`r d` qum pjrj n`o`nmr d`s pr`hunt`s pr`b`ng`ojh`s sm hmlmrê n`osudtjr mo dj Yml hm N`rrm`s ? ^mrvgng`s Jhgng`ojdms ? Qr`irjbj Xrjvmd Ndul. D`s s`ng`s pumhmo n`osudtjr d`s vgjcms y rmijd`s hgsp`ogldms mo3 - Yml Xrjvmd Ndul. - Jpp Xrjvmd Ndul. - Njtêd`i` hm vgjcms y bês (hgsp`ogldm mo djs `egngojs hm N`rrm`s y puot`s hm vmotj hm djs mbprmsjs js`ngjhjs). D`s prmbg`s hgsp`ogldms gonduymo3 ¹ Ugjcms y `ng`3 lgddmtms jvgþo, nrunmr`s, mstjongjs mo f`tmdms, mspmntênud`s, mtn. ¹ \mijd`s (movâ` irjtugt` j h`bgngdg`)3 f`ijr, lrgn`djcm, jut`bþvgd, goe`rbêtgnj, mtn.
<.5 <. 5 XJ\CM XJ \M \MIJD IJD @ N`rrm`s jubmotj su `emrtj hm pr`hunt`s y smrvgng`s n`o Xjrcmtj Qrmpji` N`rrm`s \mijd` Bjstmrnjrh. ]o pr`hunt` qum sgium dj mstmdj hm dj Xjrcmtj N`rrm`s Qrmpji` jd o` mstjr vgonudjh` j uoj numotj n`rrgmotm, p`r d` qum pumhm smr rmijdjhj y usjhj p`r uoj pmrs`oj hgstgotj jd n`bprjh`r, qum óognjbmotm p`hrê hgsp`omr hmd hgomr` njrijh` prmvgjbmotm mo dj tjrcmtj fjstj <=1 mur`s. ^m trjtj hm uoj tjrcmtj buy vmrsêtgd p`rqum, j hgemrmongj hm `trjs tjrcmtjs rmijd` qum óognjbmotm pumhmo smr utgdgzjhjs mo uo n`bmrng` mo n`onrmt` (nd`smh d``p), mstj hm dj mbprmsj p`stjd ms vêdghj mo nujdqugmr n`bmrng` eâsgn` y `odgom h`ohm sm jnmptmo tjrcmtjs Bjstmrnjrh. ^m pumhm jhqugrgr mo md jnt` prmvgj rmnjrij, n`o uo bâogb` hm <1 mur`s. ^m ^ m utgdgzj trjs dj jntgvjngþo vâj ^B^, hurjotm uo pdjz` hm <8 bmsms hmshm su emnfj hm mbgsgþo. Jhmbês, sm pumhm n`osudtjr md sjdh` j trjvçs hm dj wml www.n`rrm`sprmpji`.ms y vâj ^B^ jd 51> 5== <=1. O` ms vêdghj pjrj sjnjr hgomr` mo njcmr`s jut`bêtgn`s og mo @egngojs hm N`rrm`s. Mo md eutur` mstê prmvgstj dj pmrs`ojdgzjngþo hm su pjnkjigoi jhmnuêoh`dm j djs hgemrmotms emstgvghjhms y nmdmlrjng`oms. O` sm omnmsgtj ghmotgegnjngþo. ^`o joþogbjs. O` sm rmigstrj ogoióo hjt` hmd ndgmotm mo md b`bmot` hm dj Umotj / Motrmij, pmr` o` sm pumhmo vmohmr j bmo`rms hm :6 jú`s (jotm dj huhj, prmiuotjr jd ndgmotm dj mhjh). Md ndgmotm n`im uoj dj tjrcmtj egntgngj jd mxp`sgt`r. Md JXN n`im uoj Xjrcmtj \mijd` N`rrm`s y uo Qjnk hm Xjrcmtj. Md oóbmr` hm dj Xjrcmtj \mijd` y md gbp`rtm hmd hgomr` sm gotr`hunmo mo G\G^. Qjrj egojdgzjr sm gotr`hunm dj Xjrcmtj rmijd` hmotr` hmd Qjnk y sm d` motrmij jd ndgmotm cuot` jd tgnkmt hm n`bprj. ^m hmvumdvm dj tjrcmtj egntgngj jd mxp`sgt`r.
>. JHBG^GÞO HM DJ^ HG^XGOXJ^ B@HJDGH B@HJDGHJHM^ JHM^ W NJXMI@\ NJXMI@\ÂJ^ ÂJ^ HM DJ N@\\M^Q@OHMONGJ N@\\M^Q@O HMONGJ @\HGOJ\GJ, NM\XGEGNJHJ W N@O UJD@\ HMNDJ\JH@ >.: >. : N@O NMQ X@ W EJ^ J^M^ M^ Dj —jhbgsgþo‒ ms jqumddj jntgvghjh n`osgstmotm mo dj rmnmpngþo p`r pjrtm hmd `pmrjh`r p`stjd hmd movâ` qum dm ms n`oegjh` p`r md rmbgtmotm pjrj dj rmjdgzjngþo hmd pr`nms` p`stjd gotmirjd y hmd qum sm fjnm rmsp`osjldm mo d`s tçrbgo`s prmvgst`s mo md \midjbmot` hm smrvgng`s p`stjdms.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<59
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
Hmotr` hmd ngrnugt` hm dj n`rrmsp`ohmongj y hm d`s movâ`s p`stjdms dj rmn`ighj n`rrmsp`ohm jd gogng` hm hgnf` ngrnugt`, qum n`ostj rmsubghjbmotm hm djs sgiugmotms ejsms3 rmn`ighj, jhbgsgþo, ndjsgegnjngþo, trjtjbgmot`, nurs`, trjosp`rtm, hgstrglungþo y motrmij.
>.< >. < XGQ@ ^ HM MOU Â@^ Mo md \midjbmot` hm ^mrvgng`s Q`stjdms sm hgemrmongj trms tgp`s hm movâ`s, mo euongþo hm djs ijrjotâjs qum sm `t`rijo jd movâ`3
J. ^mrvgng`s hm movâ`s imomrjdms ^`o jqumdd`s pjrj d`s qum md `pmrjh`r p`stjd n`rrmsp`ohgmotm o` `t`rij bês ijrjotâjs jd movâ` qum djs `ermnghjs n`o njrêntmr imomrjd qum, mo t`h` njs`, hmlmrêo smr, n`b` bâogb`, djs d js n`otmbpdjhjs mo md \midjbmot` hm smrvgng`s p`stjdms pjrj t`h`s d`s movâ`s p`stjdms. Xjdms movâ`s s`o n`oegjh`s jd `pmrjh`r, sgo qum bmhgm rmngl` custgegnjtgv` gohgvghujdgzjh` hm njhj uo` hm hgnf`s movâ`s qum pmrbgtj ghmotgegnjr dj hgrmnngþo p`stjd hmd rmbgtmotm y hmd hmstgojtjrg` `, mo su njs`, h`nubmot` n`bprmosgv` hm vjrg`s movâ`s oubmrjh`s mo md qum n`ostmo d`s ngtjh`s hjt`s.
L. ^mrvgng`s hm movâ`s nmrtgegnjh`s ^`o d`s qum, prmvg` pji` hm uoj njotghjh prmhmtmrbgojhj j tjot` jdzjh`, mstjldmnmo uoj ijrjotâj egcj n`otrj d`s rgmsi`s hm pçrhghj, sustrjnngþo ` hmtmrg`r`, y qum ejngdgtjo jd rmbgtmotm, mo su njs` j pmtgngþo hm mstm, uoj prumlj hmd hmpþsgt` hmd movâ` p`stjd ` hm su motrmij jd hmstgojtjrg`.
N. ^mrvgng`s hm movâ`s n`o vjd`r hmndjrjh` ^`o d`s qum pmrbgtmo jsmiurjr mst`s p`r md vjd`r hmndjrjh` p`r md rmbgtmotm, mo njs` hm pçrhghj, sustrjnngþo ` hmtmrg`r`.
<56
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
>.> @ QM\JNG @OM ^ HM JHB G^G ÞO Djs `pmrjng`oms hm jhbgsgþo tgmomo subj gbp`rtjongj, p`rqum ms dj óognj ejsm h`ohm sm rmjdgzj md n`otr`d hmd erjoqum` y p`rqum mo mddj sm gonduym uo n`otjnt` hgrmnt` n`o d`s ndgmotms y usujrg`s hm N`rrm`s hjoh` goe`rbjngþo, mtn., hmlgmoh` pr`nurjr mo t`h` b`bmot` bjotmomr d`s nrgtmrg`s hm njdghjh gbpumst`s. Djs `pmrjng`oms hm mstj ejsm s`o lêsgnjbmotm djs sgiugmotms3 - Goe`rbjr y jtmohmr j d`s ndgmotms. - \mnmpng`ojr d`s pr`hunt`s. - N`bpr`ljr md jn`ohgng`ojbgmot` hmd movâ`. - Jpdgnjr djs tjrgejs y n`lrjr. - Imomrjr dj h`nubmotjngþo h`nubmotjngþo mxgighj smióo md pr`hunt` pr`hunt` y tgp` hm movâ`. - Qrmndjsgegnjr y prmpjrjr d`s movâ`s pjrj su nurs`. \mn`rhjoh` dj Dmy 8>/<1:1, hm >1 hm hgngmblrm, hmd ^Q], hm d`s hmrmnf`s hm d`s usujrg`s y hmd bmrnjh` p`stjd, hgsp`om qum dj jhbgsgþo p`r md `pmrjh`r jd qum sm mon`bgmohj dj prmstjngþo hmd smrvgng` p`stjd uogvmrsjd hm d`s movâ`s qum sm ddmvmo j njl` mo md êblgt` hm mstm, sm sucmtjrê j djs sgiugmotms n`ohgng`oms3 - \mjdgzjr, jd jd bmo`s, uoj rmn`ighj mo d`s puot`s puot`s hm jnnms` j dj rmh p`stjd p`stjd t`h`s d`s hâjs djl`rjldms, hm duoms j vgmroms, n`o gohmpmohmongj hm dj hmosghjh hm p`ldjngþo m gondus` mo z`ojs rurjdms. - Hgsp`omr hm uoj n`lmrturj n`lmrturj jhmnujhj jd êblgt` tmrrgt`rgjd pjrj md qum fjyj sgh` hmsgiojh` y, mo pjrtgnudjr, jsmiurjr dj hmosghjh hm puot`s hm jnnms` j d`s smrvgng`s p`stjdms mstjldmnghj mo md pdjo hm prmstjngþo y dj jnnmsglgdghjh j d`s ngtjh`s puot`s hm djs pmrs`ojs n`o hgsnjpjnghjh hm nujdqugmr tgp`, jsâ n`b` hm djs pmrs`ojs n`o b`vgdghjh rmhunghj. - O` hmomijr dj jhbgsgþo hm d`s movâ`s nujoh` mst`s rmóojo d`s rmqugsgt`s rmidjbmotjrg`s y sm sjtgsejij md prmng` n`rrmsp`ohgmotm. - Djs hgbmosg`oms bêxgbjs y bâogbjs hm d`s movâ`s p`stjdms p`stjdms jhbgsgldms mo dj rmh rmh p`stjd smrêo djs mstjldmnghjs mo djs o`rbjs qum gon`rp`rmo jd Hmrmnf` mspjú`d djs jpr`ljhjs p`r dj ]ogþo Q`stjd ]ogvmrsjd. - D`s movâ`s p`stjdms smrêo hm tgtudjrghjh hmd rmbgtmotm j memnt`s p`stjdms mo tjot` o` ddmiumo j p`hmr p`hmr hmd hmstgojtjrg` qugmo p`hrê, bmhgjotm md pji` hmd prmng` n`rrmsp`ohgmotm, rmnupmrjrd`s ` b`hgegnjr su hgrmnngþo, sjdv` mo d`s supumst`s hm gbp`sglgdghjh bjtmrgjd y sgo pmrcugng` hm d`s hmrmnf`s hm tmrnmr`s s`lrm md n`otmogh` hm d`s bgsb`s. - ^m n`osghmrjrêo `lcmt`s pr`fglgh`s n`b` movâ`s p`stjdms, jqumdd`s nuyj ngrnudjngþo ngrnudjngþo o` sm pmrbgtj p`r b`tgv`s hm smiurghjh, hm sjoghjh póldgnj, utgdghjh imomrjd y hm pr`tmnngþo hmd smrvgng` p`stjd uogvmrsjd. N`o dj mxprmsgþo —vmotjogddj óognj p`dgvjdmotm p`dgvjdmotm‒‒ sm jduhm j djs Umotjogddjs hm Jhbgsgþo Q`dgvjdmotms Q`dgvjdmotms qum sm njrjntmrgzjo njrjntmrgzjo p`rqum pmrbgtmo dj jhbgsgþo hm nujdqugmr pr`hunt` hm N`rrm`s mo mddjs. Mo mst j bjtmrgj tgmom mspmngjd gbp`rtjongj dj gbpdjotjngþo hmd pr`irjbj G\G^, tmohmotm j gonrmbmotjr dj njdghjh hmd smrvgng`, bmc`rjoh` dj rjpghmz y megnjngj hm djs @egngojs mo dj Jtmongþo jd póldgn`.
>.8 @LC MX@^ Q\@FGL GH@ ^ QJ\J NG\N] DJ\ Q@\ N@\\M @^ ^m n`osghmrjrêo `lcmt`s pr`fglgh`s n`b` movâ`s p`stjdms, jqumdd`s nuyj ngrnudjngþo o` sm pmrbgtj p`r b`tgv`s hm smiurghjh, hm ^joghjh póldgnj, utgdghjh imomrjd y hm pr`tmnngþo hmd smrvgng` p`stjd uogvmrsjd.
J. Moubmrjngþo hm `lcmt`s pr`fglgh`s Hm n`oe`rbghjh n`o d`s prgongpg`s mouongjh`s mo md pêrrje` jotmrg`r, o` pumhmo gondugrsm mo ogoiuoj ndjsm hm movâ`s p`stjdms d`s `lcmt`s sgiugmotms3
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<57
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
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<91
D`s pr`hunt`s s`bmtgh`s j rçigbmo hm rmsmrvj y o` pr`vgst`s hm jut`rgzjngþo mspmngjd pjrj ngrnudjr p`r dj rmh p`stjd. Qjrj qum pumhjo smr jhbgtgh`s j dj ngrnudjngþo p`r dj rmh p`stjd, d`s pr`hunt`s s`bmtgh`s j rçigbmo hm rmsmrvj y d`s mstupmejngmotms, fjlrê hm mstjr mxpmhghj p`r dj motghjh qum `stmotm md hmrmnf` mxndusgv` hm hgstrglungþo. D`s movâ`s nuyj mov`dturj ` nulgmrtj n`otmoij tmxt`s ` hgluc`s qum vudomrmo nujdqugmrj hm d`s hmrmnf`s euohjbmotjdms hm dj pmrs`oj. D`s movâ`s hm hm jrbjs, n`oe`rbm j d` mstjldmngh` mo md \mjd Hmnrmt` :>9/:77>, hm <7 hm momr`, p`r md qum sm jprumlj md \midjbmot` hm Jrbjs. D`s movâ`s qum n`otmoijo jrbjs jrbjs hm hm djs pmrbgtghjs bmhgjotm dj Gostrunngþo Gostrunngþo hmd hmd Qrmsghmotm hm dj ^`ngmhjh N`rrm`s y Xmdçirje`s ^.J. hm emnfj : hm cuog` hm <1:<, p`hrêo smr rmbgtghjs mxndusgvjbmotm p`r mbprmsjs ejlrgnjotms, hgstrglugh`rjs ` n`bmrngjdgzjh`rjs hm djs bgsbjs, prmvgj e`rbjdgzjngþo hmd n`rrmsp`ohgmotm n`otrjt` n`o N`rrm`s, puhgmoh` smr hmstgojh`s, smióo n`ostm mo hgnf` n`otrjt`, tjot` j tmrrgt`rg` ojng`ojd n`b` j `tr`s pjâsms mo qum mstj ndjsm hm movâ`s mstço pmrbgtgh`s. Mo md rmemrgh` rmemrgh` n`otrjt`, md rmbgtmotm rmbgtmotm hm d`s movâ`s hmlmrê n`bpr`bmtmrsm, ljc` su su rmsp`osjlgdghjh, j qum md n`otmogh` hm d`s d` s movâ`s qum hmp`sgtm n`o jrrmid` jd bgsb` ms n`oe`rbm j d` gohgnjh` mo dj gostrunngþo yj bmong`ojhj, jsubgmoh` mxprmsjbmotm qum ijrjotgzj uo jhmnujh` jn`ohgng`ojbgmot` hm d`s bgsb`s, j ego hm qum o` n`ostgtuyjo uo pmdgir` pjrj d`s mbpdmjh`s hm dj ^`ngmhjh Mstjtjd, og njusmo hmtmrg`r` j `tr`s movâ`s. J tjd ego, hm hmlmrê n`osgiojr hm e`rbj vgsgldm mo md mbljdjcm hm d`s movâ`s md n`otmogh` hm d`s bgsb`s. D`s pr`hunt`s pr`hunt`s j trjvçs hm d`s qum sm nursmo nursmo djs jrbjs pmrbgtghjs sgmbprm sgmbprm hmlmrêo gr rmigstrjh`s, jpdgnjoh` djs hgrmntrgnms hm trjzjlgdghjh mstjldmnghjs pjrj mstm tgp` movâ`s. Djs jrbjs jrbjs rmidjbmotjrgjs pmrbgtghjs pmrbgtghjs pjrj pjrj ngrnudjr ngrnudjr p`r N`rrm`s pjrj pjrj djs qum o` s`o omnmsjrgj iuâj hm ngrnudjngþo s`o djs qum sm hmtjddjo3 ¹ Njrjlgojs y pgst`djs, hm tgr` smbgjut`bêtgn` smbgjut`bêtgn` y hm rmpmtgngþo; rmpmtgngþo; y rmvþdvmrms rmvþdvmrms hm h`ldm h`ldm jnngþo, jnng`ojhjs p`r jgrm u `tr` ijs o` jsgbgdjhjs j msn`pmtjs. ¹ Njrjlgojs y pgst`djs, hm êogbj dgsj ` rjyjhj, y hm uo s`d` tgr`, y rmvþdvmrms hm jnngþo sgbpdm, jnng`ojhjs p`r jgrm u `tr` ijs n`bprgbgh` o` jsgbgdjhjs j msn`pmtjs. ¹ Djs jrbjs ldjonjs y mo imomrjd djs hm f`cj n`rtjotm ` puozjotm o` pr`fglghjs. ¹ D`s nunfgdd`s ` bjnfmtms bjnfmtms usjh`s p`r uoghjhms bgdgtjrms ` qum smjo gbgtjngþo hm d`s bgsb`s. bgsb`s. ¹ D`s jrn`s, djs jrbjs pjrj djozjr dâomjs hm pmsnj pmsnj y d`s eusgdms hm pmsnj sulbjrgoj qum sgrvjo pjrj hgspjrjr edmnfjs ` jrp`oms, megnjnms pjrj dj pmsnj y pjrj `tr`s egoms hmp`rtgv`s. ¹ D`s rmvþdvmrms ` pgst`djs hmt`ojh`rjs y djs pgst`djs djozj lmoijdjs. Djs jrbjs jrbjs rmidjbmotjhjs o` hmtjddjhjs jotmrg`rbmotm, ms hmngr, djs jrbjs jrbjs hm eumi` hm t`h` tgp`, jsâ n`b` djs jrbjs jnng`ojhjs p`r jgrm u `tr` ijs n`bprgbgh` nujoh` dj momriâj ngoçtgnj hmd pr`ymntgd mo l`nj mxnmhj hm <8.< cudg`s, o` p`hrêo ngrnudjr p`r N`rrm`s. Djs bjtmrgjs mxpd`sgvjs, goedjbjldms y `trjs pmdgir`sjs, sjdv` sjdv` djs lg`dþignjs pmrmnmhmrjs, gotmrnjblgjhjs motrm djl`rjt`rg`s `egngjdbmotm rmn`o`ngh`s, y djs rjhgjntgvjs hmp`sgtjhjs p`r mxpmhgh`rms hmlghjbmotm jut`rgzjh`s. D`s jogbjdms vgv`s, sgo mstjr pr`vgst`s hm uoj jut`rgzjngþo mspmngjd ` smr gotmrnjblgjh`s motrm gostgtung`oms `egngjdbmotm rmn`o`nghjs. D`s `lcmt`s nuy` trêegn` smj n`ostgtutgv` hm hmdgt`. D`s `lcmt`s nuyj ojturjdmzj ojturjdmzj ` mbljdjcm pumhjo n`ostgtugr uo pmdgir` pjrj d`s mbpdmjh`s hm d`s `pmrjh`rms p`stjdms qum d`s bjogpudjo ` njusjr hmtmrg`r` j `tr`s movâ`s. D`s `lcmt`s nuyj jhbgsgþo jhbgsgþo ` ngrnudjngþo mstç pr`fglghj mo md pjâs jd qum vjo hmstgojh`s. D`s `lcmt`s nuyj ngrnudjngþo ngrnudjngþo mstç pr`fglghj mo Mspjúj, n`o n`o jrrmid` j dj o`rbjtgvj mo vgi`r. D`s qum sm hmtmrbgom mo n`ovmog`s gotmrojng`ojdms mo d`s qum Mspjúj smj pjrtm sgiojtjrgj.
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
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Djs ljtmrâjs y pgdjs hm dgtg` qum o` vjyjo n`otmoghjs mo uo mqugp`, sgmbprm sgmbprm qum md movâ` vjyj j ngrnudjr ngrnudjr p`r vâj jçrmj, tjot` pjrj movâ`s ojng`ojdms n`b` gotmrojng`ojdms. Mo dj jhbgsgþo hm movâ`s gotmrojng`ojdms qum vjyjo j ngrnudjr p`r vâj jçrmj ms hm `ldgijh` nubpdgbgmot`, n`bpr`ljr mo dj jhbgsgþo dj pjrj vmrgegnjr djs pr`fglgng`oms mspmnâegnjs hmd pjâs hm hmstgo` y dj dgstj hm pr`fglgng`oms imomrjdms puldgnjhj p`r dj ]oghjh Gotmrojng`ojd. D`s jmr`s`dms, O]ONJ pumhmo ngrnudjr p`r vâj jçrmj. Movâ`s p`stjdms qum n`otmoijo rmst`s y/` nmogzjs fubjojs.
L. Jhbgsgþo bmrnjonâjs pmdgir`sjs Mo dj jhbgsgþo hm movâ`s p`stjdms, d` prgbmr` qum fjy qum fjnmr ms bjrnjr sg md movâ` n`otgmom bmrnjonâj pmdgir`sj hm djs pmrbgtghjs pjrj su ngrnudjngþo. ^g sm bjrnj —O‒, pmrbgtm jhbgtgr t`h` tgp` hm movâ`s. ^g sm bjrnj —^‒, o` pmrbgtm jhbgtgr movâ`s `rhgojrg`s, pumst` qum d`s movâ`s hmlmo gr rmigstrjh`s pjrj p`hmr tmomrd`s n`otr`djh`s mo t`h` md pr`nms`. J pjrtgr hm mstm b`bmot` dj jhbgsgþo sm rmjdgzj hm e`rbj fjlgtujd.
j. Bmrnjonâjs pmdgir`sjs pjrj md trjosp`rtm jçrm` ^`o bmrnjonâjs pmdgir`sjs pr`fglghjs pjrj md trjosp`rtm jçrm`, djs rmn`ighjs mo djs oumvm ndjsms hmtjddjhjs3 @LCMX@^ QMDGI\@^@^
MCMBQD@^
Mxpd`sgv`s
Buogng`oms, eu eumi`s jr jrtgegngjdms, hm hmt`ojh`rms, n` n`fmtms y pmtjrh`s
Ijsms n`bprgbgh`s, o` goedjbjldms m goedjbjldms
Qr`hunt`s mo jmr`s`d, lutjo`, monmohmh`rms njrijh`s n`o lutjo` y mxtgot`rms qum n`otmoijo ijs n`bprgbgh`
Dâqugh`s goedjbjldms
Ijs`dgoj, s`dvmotms goedjbjldms y n`bpumst`s pjrj dgbpgmzj, pgoturjs y hmnjpjotms goedjbjldms
^þdgh`s goedjbjldms
Nmrgddjs hm t`h` tgp`, pmdânudjs hm ogtrjt` hm nmdud`sj y sustjongjs qum sm vumdvmo pmdgir`sjs nujoh` jls`rlmo fubmhjh
Bjtmrgjs `xghjotms
^ustjongjs qum pr`hunmo eêngdbmotm `xâimo`, pmrþxgh` `riêogn` tjdms n`b` tgotms pjrj md njlmdd` ` pjrj tmxtgdms, ngmrt`s hmn`d`rjotms y jhfmsgv`s
@lcmt`s tþxgn`s ` o`ngv`s
Hr`ijs y bmhgnjbmot`s, n`o mxnmpngþo hm bumstrjs hm vmomo`, hm sustjongjs tþxgnjs, hm hr`ijs y hm bmhgnjbmot`s n`o rmnmtj, mbljdjhjs y movgjhjs hm jnumrh` n`o djs hgsp`sgng`oms vgimotms
Bjtmrgjs rjhgjntgvjs
Bumstrjs pjrj us` bçhgn` ` ngmotâegn` qum n`otmoijo eumotms hm rjhgjntgvghjh
Bjtmrgjs n`rr`sgvjs
Dâqugh`s hm dgbpgmzj n`rr`sgv`s, pr`hunt`s hmnjpjotms ` jotg`xghjotms, gostrubmot`s qum n`otmoijo bmrnurg` y edugh` pjrj ljtmrâjs
@tr`s `lcmt`s pmdgir`s`s
^ustjongjs jomstçsgnjs, o`ngvjs, tþxgnjs ` qum prmsmotmo `trjs njrjntmrâstgnjs qum pumhjo njusjr irjvms b`dmstgjs ` bjdmstjr mo njs` hm euij; `lcmt`s gotmosjbmotm gbjotjh`s
@tr`s `lcmt`s pmdgir`s`s3 ^ustjongjs jomstçsgnjs, o`ngvjs, tþxgnjs ` qum prmsmotmo `trjs njrjntmrâstgnjs qum pumhjo njusjr irjvms b`dmstgjs ` bjdmstjr mo njs` hm euij3 `lcmt`s gotmosjbmotm gbjotjh`s (vmr mxnmpngþo hmd puot` >)
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<9:
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
l. Bmrnjonâjs pmdgir`sjs jhbgsgldms pjrj su nurs` p`r vâj jçrmj Dj ]Q] y @JNG s`o d`s `rijogsb`s qum hgntjo djs o`rbjs pjrj trjosp`rtjr bmrnjonâjs pmdgir`sjs p`r n`rrm` mo djs mxnmpng`oms qum sm hmtjddjo3 - Bumstrjs hm pjngmotms hmegoghjs, ndjsgegnjhjs ndjsgegnjhjs mbljdjhjs mbljdjhjs y bjrnjhjs smióo d` gohgnjh` mo GGXX. - ^ustjongjs goemnng`sjs hm dj njtmi`râj L (@O] >>9>), mbljdjhjs smióo smióo Gostrunngþo hm mbljdjcm 5=1 y fgmd` smn` n`b` rmergimrjotm pjrj >>9>. - Bjtmrgjd rjhgjntgv`, njotghjh qum qum o` mxnmhj hm uoj hçngbj hçngbj pjrtm hm d` gohgnjh`. - Ljtmrâjs hm gþo dgtg` ` bmtjd dgtg`3 ¹ Ljtmrâjs hm gþo dgtg` gostjdjhjs mo uo mqugp` (@O] >86:) smióo dj gostrunngþo hm mbljdjcm 759. Bêxgb` 8 pgdjs(24 <1wf) ` < ljtmrâjs(24:11wf) mo uo s`d` ludt`. ¹ Ljtmrâjs hm bmtjd dgtg` gostjdjhjs mo uo mqugp` (@O] >17:) smióo dj Gostrunngþo hm hm mbljdjcm 791. Bêxgb` 8 pgdjs(24: ir) ` < ljtmrâjs.
n. @ldgijng`oms hmd rmbgtmotm Md rmbgtmotm tgmom dj rmsp`osjlgdghjh hm3 - N`buognjr dj prmsmongj hm BBQQ. - N`bpdmtjr dj h`nubmotjngþo mspmnâegnj jd tgp` hm movâ` mdmigh` - ]tgdgzjr uo uo mbljdjcm mbljdjcm jhjptjh` j dj e`rbj y ojturjdmzj hmd n`otmogh`.
h. @ldgijng`oms hmd pmrs`ojd hm jtmongþo jd ndgmotm Md mbpdmjh` hm jhbgsgþo hmlm n`bpr`ljr qum sm nubpdmo t`h`s d`s rmqugsgt`s mxgigh`s y qum md rmbgtmotm ms n`osngmotm hm djs rmstrgnng`oms hmd movâ` hm BBQQ. Md pmrs`ojd hm JXN hmlm prmiuotjr jd ndgmotm p`r md n`otmogh` mxjnt` hmd movâ` y jhmbês3 - Motrmijr jd ndgmotm md e`ddmt` goe`rbjtgv` s`lrm Bmrnjonâjs Qmdgir`sjs qum sm tgmom mo djs `egngojs. - Umrgegnjr sg md pjâs pjâs hm hmstgo` jnmptj ljtmrâjs hm dgtg`. - N`bpr`ljr qum md mbljdjcm mbljdjcm ms rmsgstmotm, n`ostrugh` mo uo bjtmrgjd jhmnujh` y mstê jhjptjh` j dj e`rbj y ojturjdmzj hmd n`otmogh` (sg mxgstmo huhjs vmr N`ohgng`oms imomrjdms rmdjtgvjs j d`s mbljdjcms 8-:-: L@M 9:-<8/1>/<1:8). - Nujoh` sm s`spmnfm rjng`ojdbmotm rjng`ojdbmotm qum uo movâ` prmsmotjh` mo dj `egngoj n`otgmom jdióo `lcmt` nuyj ngrnudjngþo p`r dj \mh p`stjd mstç pr`fglghj ` o` sm jcustj jd n`otmogh` hmndjrjh` sm govgtjrê jd rmbgtmotm j qum d` jlrj, y sg o` d` fgngmsm sm hmomijrê su jhbgsgþo. - Goe`rbjr jd ndgmotm qum sg n`o b`tgv` hmd msnjom` hmd movâ` p`stjd mo md prgbmr nmotr` hm trjtjbgmot` sm `lsmrvjrj qum n`otgmom `lcmt`s nuyj ngrnudjngþo mstê pr`fglghj sm pr`nmhmrê j su hmv`dungþo j dj `egngoj hm `rgimo, qum hjrê smiughjbmotm jvgs` jd rmbgtmotm pjrj qum d` rmtgrm. ^g md movâ` n`otgmom jdiuoj hm djs BBQQ hm djs jhbgtghjs pjrj su nurs` p`r vâj jçrmj hmlm jhbgtgrsm n`b` movâ` rmigstrjh` pjrj qum mo t`h` b`bmot` pumhj mstjr ghmotgegnjh` md rmbgtmotm y hmstgojtjrg`.
m. Mbljdjcms pr`fglgh`s Ouonj sm jhbgtgrê uo movâ` nuy` mbljdjcm tmoij jdiuoj hm djs bjrnjs ` mtgqumtjs hmtjddjhjs mo dj sgiugmotm tjldj juoqum su n`otmogh` o` sm bmrnjonâj pmdgir`sj, njs` hm rmutgdgzjngþo hm mbljdjcms3
<9<
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
^gbl`d`iâj hm djs bmrnjonâjs pmdgir`sjs mo mbljdjcms
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<9>
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
e. Jhbgtgr md movâ` \mjdgzjhjs djs n`bpr`ljng`oms hmtjddjhjs mo d`s puot`s jotmrg`rms sm pr`nmhm j jhbgtgr md movâ`, tmogmoh` mo numotj sgmbprm d`s sgiugmotms puot`s3 - ^m jhbgtgrê n`b` movâ` rmigstrjh`. - ^m rmddmojrêo mo md sgstmbj d`s njbp`s hm rmbgtmotm y hmstgojtjrg`, gohgnjoh` tmdçe`o` hm rmbgtmotm y hmstgojtjrg` sg ms p`sgldm. - Mo dj pjotjddj hm hmsnrgpngþo hmd n`otmogh` sm mdmigrê uo` hm mst`s h`s tgp`s3 h`nubmot` ` bmrnjonâj y, j pjrtgr hm jquâ, sm rmjdgzjrê uoj hmsnrgpngþo hmtjddjhj, mvgtjoh` p`omr imomrjdghjhms. \mjdgzjh`s t`h`s d`s puot`s jotmrg`rms, sm hj hm jdtj md movâ`, jpjrmnm dj gbjimo hm dj tjldmtj hgigtjd pjrj qum md ndgmotm egrbm dj jnmptjngþo hm hjt`s irjljh`s, qum md n`otmogh` hmndjrjh` ms n`rrmnt` y qum sm fjnm rmsp`osjldm hm djs n`osmnumongjs hm uoj hmndjrjngþo ejdsj ` gon`bpdmtj, uoj vmz egrbjh`, md usujrg` jnmptj dj jhbgsgþo y sm gbprgbm dj mtgqumtj. W sm ghmotgegnjrê md movâ` qum n`otmoij bmrnjonâjs pmdgir`sjs, hm djs jhbgtghjs, n`o uoj mtgqumtj vmrhm. Jf`rj ms md b`bmot` hm prmsmotjr jd ndgmotm mst`s gbprms`s pjrj qum d`s egrbm, pums n`o su egrbj nmrtgegnj qum md n`otmogh` hmndjrjh` ms n`rrmnt` y qum sm fjnm rmsp`osjldm hm djs n`osmnumongjs hm uoj hmndjrjngþo ejdsj ` gon`bpdmtj. Mtgqumtj n`bmrngjd n`o hmndjrjngþo hm n`otmogh` pjrj jhcuotjr j pjqumtmrâj y njrtjs n`o hmstgo` j ]ogþo Mur`pj, pjrj qum sm gbprgbj mo dj jhbgsgþo hm njrtjs, sgmbprm fjy qum bjrnjr uo n`otmogh` hgemrmotm j h`nubmot`s.
N. N`bpr`ljngþo hmd n`otmogh` hm d`s movâ`s Nujoh` sm s`spmnfm rjng`ojdbmotm qum uo movâ` prmsmotjh` mo uoj `egngoj Q`stjd n`otgmom jdióo `lcmt` nuyj ngrnudjngþo p`r dj \mh Q`stjd mstç pr`fglghj ` qum o` sm jcustm jd n`otmogh` hmndjrjh` mo md s`lrm ` nulgmrtj, nujoh` mst` smj prmnmptgv`, sm govgtjrê jd rmbgtmotm j qum d` jlrj, y sg mstm o` d` fgngmsm sm hmomijrê su jhbgsgþo. Joêd`i` pr`nmhgbgmot` sm smiugrê, mo nujot` smj p`sgldm, n`o d`s `lcmt`s hmp`sgtjh`s mo d`s luz`oms. Nujoh` N`rrm`s tmoijo euohjhj s`spmnfj hm qum jdiuo` hm d`s movâ`s yj jhbgtgh`s o` pumhj ngrnudjr p`r dj rmh p`stjd ` mstç s`bmtgh` j rmqugsgt`s qum o` sm fjyjo nubpdgh`, pr`nmhmrê n`b` sm gohgnj mo md jpjrtjh` jotmrg`r, sg o` fulgmrj sjdgh` t`hjvâj hm `rgimo, rmbgtgçoh`d`, mo `tr` njs`, n`o smpjrjngþo hm d`s hmbês, j dj `egngoj hm hmstgo`. Hmshm mstj `egngoj sm o`tgegnjrê jd hmstgojtjrg` hgnfj ngrnuostjongj, j ego hm pr`nmhmr n`b` sm gohgnj mo md jpjrtjh` jotmrg`r y, sg sm omijsm j su jpmrturj, o` sm motrmijrê y sm hjrê trjsdjh` hmd fmnf` j dj ^mnrmtjrâj Imomrjd hm N`buognjng`oms pjrj qum rmsumdvj s`lrm md trjt` qum hmlj hjrsm jd movâ`.
H. Qr`nmhgbgmot` j smiugr n`o d`s `lcmt`s pr`fglgh`s Nujoh` d`s `pmrjh`rms p`stjdms jhvgmrtjo dj prmsmongj hm `lcmt`s pr`fglgh`s, pr`nmhmrêo, smióo d`s njs`s, mo dj e`rbj qum j n`otgoujngþo sm hmtjddj3 - ^g sm trjtj hm jdiuo` hm d`s `lcmt`s rmdjng`ojh`s mo d`s jpjrtjh`s :, < y :1 hmd mouongjh` hm Moubmrjngþo hm `lcmt`s pr`fglgh`s, sm smiugrê md pr`nmhgbgmot` qum egcm dj o`rbjtgvj n`rrmsp`ohgmotm. - D`s movâ`s j qum sm rmegmrm md jpjrtjh` 5 hmd jpjrtjh` Moubmrjngþo hm `lcmt`s pr`fglgh`s nujoh` n`otmoijo jogbjdms hjúgo`s, sm n`buognjrêo j dj jut`rghjh qum n`rrmsp`ohj. - D`s `lcmt`s rmdjng`ojh`s n`o jrbjs hm eumi` qum o` sm jcustmo j d` hmsnrgt` mo md jpjrtjh` Ngrnudjngþo p`stjd hm movâ`s qum n`otmoijo hmtmrbgojhj ndjsm hm jrbjs, smrêo motrmijh`s j dj iujrhgj ngvgd.
<98
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
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Nujoh` sm hmtmntmo `lcmt`s hm d`s moubmrjh`s mo md jpjrtjh` = hmd mouongjh` Moubmrjngþo Moubmrjngþo hm `lcmt`s pr`fglgh`s, sm n`buognjrê j dj jut`rghjh n`bpmtmotm ` j sus jimotms, qugmoms hmtmrbgojrêo, mo njhj njs`, md pr`nmhgbgmot` j smiugr hm jnumrh` n`o dj o`rbjtgvj vgimotm. - D`s `lcmt`s pr`fglgh`s, nuyj nuyj ngrnudjngþo n`ostgtuyj bjtmrgj hmdgntgvj, smrêo movgjh`s j dj jut`rghjh cuhgngjd n`bpmtmotm ` j sus jimotms. - Nujoh` sm hmtmntmo movâ`s hm jrbjs, sm hjrê jvgs` j djs Eumrzjs y Numrp`s hm ^miurghjh qum qum n`rrmsp`ohj. Mst` sgo pmrcugng` hm qum tjblgço sm goe`rbm jd rmbgtmotm j ego hm qum rmtgrm su movâ`. D`s `lcmt`s hm ngrnudjngþo pr`fglghj pjrj d`s qum o` sm mstjldmnm uo trjt` mspmnâegn` mo d`s jpjrtjh`s jotmrg`rms smrêo hmvumdt`s j dj `egngoj hm `rgimo, qum hjrê smiughjbmotm jvgs` jd rmbgtmotm pjrj qum d`s rmtgrm mo d`s pdjz`s rmidjbmotjrg`s. D`s movâ`s o` rmtgrjh`s `p`rtuojbmotm smrêo n`osghmrjh`s n`b` s`lrjotms, d` bgsb` qum d`s hm rmbgtmotm hmsn`o`ngh`. Nujoh` N`rrm`s fjyj pr`nmhgh` n`o `lcmt`s hm ngrnudjngþo pr`fglghj mo nujdqugmrj hm djs e`rbjs smújdjhjs mo d`s jpjrtjh`s jotmrg`rms, goe`rbjrê, sg pr`nmhm, jd rmbgtmotm y j dj jut`rghjh n`bpmtmotm.
8. JHBG^GÞO JHBG^GÞ O HM Q\@H]NX@ Q\@H]NX@^^ Mo mstm jpjrtjh` vmrmb`s dj njsuâstgnj hm jhbgsgþo hmpmohgmoh` hm d`s pr`hunt`s. Mo dâomjs imomrjdms sm hgemrmongjo hm e`rbj o`tjldm d`s movâ`s `rhgojrg`s hm d`s rmigstrjh`s. Mst`s rmqugmrmo bjy`r n`otr`d pums su pçrhghj hj duijr j gohmbogzjngþo p`r pjrtm hm N`rrm`s.
8.: 8. : NJ\XJ @\H GO J\G J Dj jhbgsgþo pumhm rmjdgzjrsm3 - Mo luzþo. - Mo `egngoj. Mo jqumddjs p`ldjng`oms ` oóndm`s hm vgvgmohjs o` jtmohgh`s p`r uoj `egngoj hm N`rrm`s, dj jhbgsgþo hm d`s movâ`s qum e`rbjo pjrtm hmd smrvgng` p`stjd uogvmrsjd p`hrê fjnmrsm p`r md pmrs`ojd monjrijh` hmd rmpjrt` h`bgngdgjrg`, jd tgmbp` qum rmjdgzj mstm, j nuy` memnt` sm goe`rbjrê j d`s vmngo`s hm mst`s oóndm`s hmd f`rjrg` fjlgtujd hm pjs` hm hgnf` pmrs`ojd.
J. Jhbgsgþo mo luzþo -
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\mqugsgt`s prmvg`s3 qum md ndgmotm hmp`sgtm dj njrtj mo jdióo luzþo hm dj rmh p`stjd hmlghjbmotm jn`ohgng`ojhj y erjoqumjhj. \mn`ighj. Dj `egngoj rmsp`osjldm hm njhj luzþo mstjldmnmrê, t`h`s d`s hâjs djl`rjldms, djs rmn`ighjs qum md v`dubmo hm n`rrmsp`ohmongj hmp`sgtjhj hmbjohm. N`rrm`s n`otr`dj md f`rjrg` hm rmn`ighj bmhgjotm dmnt`rms þptgn`s hm d`s nþhgi`s hm ljrrj gostjdjh`s mo d`s luz`oms bmhgjotm md pr`irjbj Bjrjlu <. Dj ódtgbj rmn`ighj tmohrê duijr gobmhgjtjbmotm gobmhgjtjbmotm hmspuçs hm dj f`rj hm hm n`bpr`bgs` n`bpr`bgs` hm —ódtgbj rmn`rmn`ighj‒ mstjldmnghj p`r md Nmotr` Hgrmntgv` pjrj njhj tgp` hm @egngoj, ouonj jotms hm msj f`rj. N`rrmsp`ohmrê j dj uoghjh rmsp`osjldm hmd smrvgng` hm rmn`ighj hm luz`oms `nupjrsm hm qum mst`s hgsp`oijo, mo duijr vgsgldm, hm dj goe`rbjngþo rmemrghj jd njdmohjrg` smbjojd y f`rjrg`s hm rmn`ighj. Xrjtjbgmot`. Egojdgzjhj dj rmn`ighj hm luz`oms sm pr`nmhm j mbpjrmcjr dj n`rrmsp`ohmongj. n`rrmsp`ohmongj. ^g sm hmtmntjsmo movâ`s urimotms n`rrmntjbmotm erjoqumjh`s mo d`s luz`oms hm rmn`ighj `rhgojrgj, sm dms jhfmrgrê dj pjrtm gzqugmrhj hm dj mtgqumtj ghmotgegnjtgvj y dj pjrtm hmrmnfj sm hmsprmohmrê y sm hmstrugrê, j pjrtgr hm mstm b`bmot` mst`s sm nursjrêo n`o njrêntmr urimotm hmshm msm b`bmot`. Dj n`rrmsp`ohmongj n`rrmsp`ohmongj sm movâj jd nmotr` nmotr` hm trjtjbgmot`, sgo bjtjsmddjr, bjtjsmddjr, n`o n`o uoj ljohmcj tgp` J y su n`rrmsp`ohgmotm mtgqumtj hm —L]SÞO‒ pjrj qum smj njonmdjhj hgrmntjbmotm p`r djs bêqugojs jut`bjtgzjhjs.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<9=
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
^g sm hmtmntjo movâ`s jhbgtgh`s p`r `trjs @egngojs ` ]oghjhms mo d`s qum d`s sgio`s hm erjoqum` o` fjo sgh` bjtjsmddjh`s sm pr`nmhmrê j su goutgdgzjngþo n`o md smdd` hm puot`s, ` lgmo n`o md smdd` hm dj @egngoj ` ]oghjh, rmspjdhjoh` mo mstm njs` md movâ` mo rmvmrs`. Mo ogoióo njs` sm pr`nmhmrê pr`nmhmrê j goutgdgzjr d`s sgio`s hm erjoqum` bmhgjotm su rjyjh` ` mbl`rr`ojh` n`o tgotj ` l`dâirje`, ` lgmo nmrnmojoh` ` jrrjonjoh` pjrtm hmd bgsb`.
L. Jhbgsgþo mo `egngoj Mstm tgp` hm movâ` pumhm motrjr mo md ngrnugt` j trjvçs hm d`s pumst`s hm jhbgsgþo hm G\G^ qum imomrj uoj mtgqumtj hm erjoqum` qum sm jhfmrgrê mo dj pjrtm supmrg`r hmrmnfj hmd movâ`, pjrj ejngdgtjr dj ndjsgegnjngþo bmnêognj ` bmhgjotm d`s luz`oms ulgnjh`s mo dj pr`pgj `egngoj y mo jdiuoj hm djs bêqugojs mxpmohmh`rjs hm mstjbpgddjs (smióo b`hmd`) hm us` póldgn`. Mst`s movâ`s o` rmqugmrmo gbprms` hm gbp`sgngþo y su motrmij sm rmjdgzj bmhgjotm md hmpþsgt` mo d`s njsgddmr`s h`bgngdgjrg`s, mo jpjrtjh`s pjrtgnudjrms ` Dgstj hm n`rrm`s, sgo qum qumhm n`ostjongj msnrgtj hm dj motrmij.
j. Jhbgsgþo sgoiudjrgzjhj ^g md ndgmotm sm pmrs`oj mo dj `egngoj pjrj s`dgngtjr md movâ` hm uoj njrtj `rhgojrgj, md mbpdmjh`3 - N`bprumlj qum md mbljdjcm ms jhmnujh` jhmnujh` y ijrjotgzj dj gotmirghjh hmd n`otmogh`. - ^g md movâ` sm prmsmotj sgo mbljdjr, ` md mbljdjcm rmsudtj gojhmnujh`, sm `ermnmrê mo vmotj jd ndgmotm uo` hm oumstr`s mbljdjcms. - Qmsj y njdnudj md erjoqum` qum omnmsgtj md movâ`. - N`lrj md gbp`rtm y erjoqumj ` njonmdj md movâ` j dj vgstj hmd ndgmotm. - Monjbgoj md movâ` j dj uoghjh n`rrmsp`ohgmotm n`rrmsp`ohgmotm pjrj pr`nmhmr j su bjtjsmddjh` bjtjsmddjh` y nurs`. - Mo djs jhbgsg`oms uogtjrgjs y hm bmo`s hm >1 movâ`s sgmbprm sm fj hm gbprgbgr gbprgbgr y jhfmrgr jhfmrgr jd movâ` dj mtgqumtj qum imomrj G\G^. Xjblgço sm pumhmo rmjdgzjr jhbgsg`oms hm ndgmotms ljc` n`otrjt`, jn`bpjújoh` j d`s movâ`s md n`rrmsp`ohgmotm Jdljrrêo. ^g d`s movâ`s mstêo erjoqumjh`s n`o mstjbpgddjs, md mbpdmjh` hmlmrê3 - N`bpr`ljr qum djs mstjbpgddjs ddmvjo o³ hm bêqugoj y prmiuotjr hþohm fjo sgh` jhqugrghjs. jhqugrghjs. - ^g md oóbmr` hm movâ`s o` ms sgiogegnjtgv`, sm e`t`n`pgjrê md jovmrs` y rmvmrs` hm uo movâ`, hm e`rbj qum smj dmigldm md oóbmr` hm bêqugoj y md rmbgtmotm. ^m hjrê nurs` j d`s movâ`s y sm p`ohrê mo n`o`ngbgmot` hmd rmsp`osjldm hm dj Cmejturj hm \mh hm @egngojs. - ^g md oóbmr` hm movâ`s ms bjsgv` ` sm trjtj hm uo oóbmr` sgiogegnjtgv` hm movâ`s nmrtgegnjh`s, jotms hm pr`nmhmr j su jhbgsgþo sm p`ohrê mo n`o`ngbgmot` hmd rmsp`osjldm mo dj Cmejturj hm \mh hm @egngojs, e`t`n`pgjoh` md jovmrs` y rmvmrs` hm uo movâ` mo md qum sm vmj n`o ndjrghjh md oóbmr` ` oóbmr`s hm bêqugoj qum djs fj mxpmhgh` y rmbgtmotm hm d`s movâ`s, qumhjoh` j dj mspmrj gostrunng`oms.
l. Jhbgsgþo mo njotghjh Nujoh` uo ndgmotm s`dgngtj md nurs` hm uoj pdurjdghjh hm njrtjs sgo erjoqumjr sm pr`nmhm n`b` sgium3 - ^g su oóbmr` ms rmhungh`, sm pr`nmhm j su jhbgsgþo n`b` sg sm trjtjrj hm uo s`d` movâ` rmjdgzêoh`sm djs tjrmjs hmsnrgtjs mo dj jhbgsgþo sgoiudjrgzjhj. - ^g dj rmbmsj prmsmotjhj, lgmo p`r su oóbmr` ` lgmo p`r djs njrjntmrâstgnjs hm d`s movâ`s, pmrturlj md o`rbjd hmsjrr`dd` hm dj jhbgsgþo, md mbpdmjh`3 ¹ ^`dgngtj j dj pmrs`oj qum prmsmotj d`s movâ`s md o`blrm, hgrmnngþo y tmdçe`o` hmd ndgmotm ndgmotm rmbgtmotm hm dj rmbmsj, pjrj p`stmrg`r n`otjnt`. ¹ \mn`im d`s movâ`s hm e`rbj pr`vgsg`ojd. Mo nujot` smj p`sgldm y sgmbprm jotms hm egojdgzjr dj c`rojhj3
<95
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
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N`bprumlj d`s hgemrmotms tgp`s hm njrtjs prmsmotjhjs y oóbmr` hm uoghjhms hm njhj uo` hm mdd`s. - Qmsj y njdnudj md erjoqum` hm njhj tgp`. - Njdnudj md gbp`rtm t`tjd hmd erjoqum` hm dj rmbmsj. - N`otjntj n`o md ndgmotm pjrj qum jl`om md erjoqum`. ^g md ndgmotm o` jl`oj md erjoqum`, erjoqum`, d`s movâ`s sm n`osghmrjo n`b` gosuegngmotmbmotm erjoqumjh`s pr`nmhgmoh` mo dj e`rbj hmsnrgtj pjrj mst`s njs`s. - Ejngdgtj jd ndgmotm uoj ejnturj p`r md gbp`rtm n`lrjh`. - Njonmdj d`s movâ`s y d`s monjbgoj j dj uoghjh n`rrmsp`ohgmotm n`rrmsp`ohgmotm pjrj su nurs`. nurs`. - ^g djs njrtjs sm prmsmotjo yj erjoqumjhjs erjoqumjhjs md mbpdmjh` prmnmhm n`b` n`b` sgium3 sgium3 - Ghmotgegnj d`s hgemrmotms tgp`s hm njrtjs qum dm prmsmotjo. - N`bprumlj bmhgjotm mxtrjnng`oms jdmjt`rgjs mo njhj uo` hm d`s movjsms prmsmotjh`s qum djs njrtjs mstêo erjoqumjhjs hmlghjbmotm. - ^g d`s movâ`s mstêo n`rrmntjbmotm erjoqumjh`s sm rmjdgzj dj jhbgsgþo, monjbgoêoh`d`s j dj uoghjh n`rrmsp`ohgmotm pjrj pr`nmhmr j su bjtjsmddjh` y nurs`. Nujoh` uo bgsb` ndgmotm rmjdgzj gbp`sgng`oms bjsgvjs n`o ngmrtj ermnumongj, sm dm govgtjrê j qum n`otjntm n`o d`s smrvgng`s n`bmrngjdms pjrj trjtjr hm e`rbjdgzjr md `p`rtuo` n`otrjt`. Nujoh` md ndgmotm ms tgtudjr hm uo n`otrjt` n`o N`rrm`s prmsmotjrê d`s movâ`s jn`bpjújh`s hm Jdljrêo hm Motrmij n`rrmntjbmotm nubpdgbmotjh`s sgo tjnfjhurjs og mobgmohjs.
Qjrj bês hm >1 movâ`s `rhgojrg`s jhbgtgh`s jhbgtgh`s mo G\G^ sm movâjo jd NXJ NXJ mo dj ljohmcj ljohmcj —sgo njonmdjr‒ y jhcuotjoh` uo dgstjh` hm jhbgsgþo hm G\G^ h`ohm sm hmtjddjo md oóbmr` hm movâ`s y su pms`.
8.< JHBG^G ÞO HM MOUÂ@ ^ \MIG^X\ JH@^ (O@\BJ IMOM\JD ) J. Oumvjs bmhghjs ]o` hm d`s `lcmtgv`s bjrnjh`s p`r md Qdjo :11->11-=11 ms md hm sgbpdgegnjr dj `pmrjtgvj hm jhbgsgþo hm pr`hunt`s rmigstrjh`s mo vmotjogddj. Mo <1:8 sm eusg`ojr`o mo h`s óogn`s gbprms`s [B-::J (movâ`s ojng`ojdms) y B::-G (movâ`s gotmrojng`ojdms)R qum sustgtuymr`o j vjrg`s b`hmd`s jotmrg`rms y j hgstgotjs e`rbjs hm jhbgsgþo y r`tudjngþo. Mo <1:6 sm ejngdgtj juo bês dj jhbgsgþo hm pr`hunt`s rmigstrjh`s n`o trms oumvjs bmhghjs3
j. E`rbudjrg` @odgom (Qrm-rmigstr` p`r pjrtm hm ndgmotms) Jd `lcmt` hm qum d`s ndgmotms hgsp`oijo hm uo bmhg` qum dms pmrbgtj irjljr mo dj wml hm N`rrm`s d`s hjt`s hm sus movâ`s prmvgjbmotm j su vgsgtj j dj `egngoj hm N`rrm`s, sm fj nrmjh` md —E`rbudjrg` `odgom‒ pjrj movâ`s hm @egngoj, ms omnmsjrg` motrjr mo dj Yml hm N`rrm`s y lusnjr3 X`hjs djs Fmrrjbgmotjs??E`rbudjrg` `odgom pjrj movâ`s hm @egngoj ??Jnnmhm jd E`rbudjrg`. Md ndgmotm pumhm rmnglgr md nþhgi` mo su m-bjgd ` p`r ^B^. Xjblgço pumhm rmjdgzjr uoj gbprmsgþo mo pjpmd. Q`r d` qum pumhm prmsmotjrd` mo dj @egngoj mo hgstgot`s e`rbjt`s, tjot` mo e`rbj hm hâigt`s n`b` mo nþhgi` hm ljrrjs. Md ndgmotm sm prmsmotj mo dj @egngoj n`o md nþhgi` qum sm imomrj mo dj wml hm N`rrm`s, uoj vmz egojdgzjh` md —E`rbudjrg` `odgom‒, sgo omnmsghjh hm jnnmhmr og rmigstrjrsm mo dj @QU<.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<99
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
^g jp`rtj md nþhgi` hm ljrrjs sm hmlmrê pr`nmhmr j su njpturj n`o md dmnt`r hmd pumst` hm jtmongþo jd ndgmotm. Md mbpdmjh` hm jhbgsgþo jnnmhm j G\G^ sgiugmoh` md pr`nmhgbgmot` fjlgtujd hm jhbgsgþo hm n`rrmsp`ohmongj rmigstrjhj (goe`rbj md pms` hmd movâ`, N.Q. hm hmstgo` y sm bjrnj dj njsgddj hm n`otmogh` hm bmrnjonâjs pmdgir`sjs smióo smj md njs`), n`o dj pjrtgnudjrghjh hm qum hmlm bjrnjr dj njsgddj Hjt`s Qrmirjljh`s jotms hm smdmnng`ojr md tgp` hm movâ` n`bpjtgldm. Mo njs` hm qum md ndgmotm qum fjyj prm-rmigstrjh` d`s hjt`s qugmrj rmbgtgr uo Ejx/Lur`ejx, pjrj p`hmr rmnupmrjr dj goe`rbjngþo irjljhj p`r md ndgmotm, sm tgmom qum pudsjr mo G\G^ s`lrm dj njsgddj J n`otgoujngþo, sm bumstrj uoj vmotjoj mo dj qum sm tgmom qum goe`rbjr hmd nþhgi` qum jp`rtj md ndgmotm. G\G^ bumstrj d`s hjt`s hm d`s hmstgojtjrg`s qum md ndgmotm fj prmrmigstrjh` n`o msm nþhgi` y sm smdmnng`oj uo` hm mdd`s. Ms gbp`rtjotm vmrgegnjr md Nþhgi` Q`stjd hm hmstgo`, pums uoj vmz gbp`rtjh` prmvjdmnm md qum sm fj goe`rbjh` mo dj pjotjddj gogngjd hm G\G^ y o` md qum md ndgmotm fj gohgnjh` mo md prmrmigstr`. Mo njs` hm qum smj mrrþom` sm tgmom qum b`hgegnjr jotms hm egojdgzjr dj jhbgsgþo. D`s hjt`s qumhjo irjljh`s mo G\G^; sm n`bprumlj qum s`o n`rrmnt`s y sm jnmptj dj pjotjddj pjrj hjr hm jdtj md movâ`. ]oj vmz qum sm fjo utgdgzjh` d`s hjt`s hm uo hmstgojtjrg`, hmsjpjrmnm hmd dgstjh` hm hjt`s prmirjljh`s, qumhjoh` hgsp`ogldms md rmst` hm d`s hmstgojtjrg`s o` utgdgzjh`s. Mo njs` hm qumrmr rmbgtgr uo oumv` movâ`, j dj bgsbj hgrmnngþo, md ndgmotm hmlmrê rmjdgzjr uo oumv` prmrmigstr`. Md nþhgi` ms vêdgh` hurjotm := hâjs, trjosnurrgh` msm pdjz` d`s hjt`s s`o l`rrjh`s y o` mstêo hgsp`ogldms pjrj su njpturj mo djs `egngojs hm N`rrm`s, hmlgmoh` rmjdgzjrsm uo oumv` prmrmigstr` p`r pjrtm hmd ndgmotm. ^g md ndgmotm gonduym md oóbmr` hm bþvgd hmd hmstgojtjrg`, mo dj pjqumtmrâj j `egngoj pumhjo movgjrsm d`s ^B^, md egnfmr` qum fj hm sulgr md ndgmotm smrê uo egnfmr` Mxnmd, md ndgmotm p`hrê b`hgegnjr djs hgrmnng`oms jotms hm imomrjr md nþhgi`, sgo omnmsghjh hm jljoh`ojr dj pêigoj. D`s nþhgi`s imomrjh`s sgmbprm n`bmozjrjo p`r djs dmtrjs E@, md e`rbudjrg` imomrjh` mo dj jhbgsgþo p`hrê movgjrsm p`r bjgd, md e`rbudjrg` imomrjh` mo dj jhbgsgþo sm fj b`hgegnjh` pjrj qum sm vmjo n`bpdmt`s t`h`s d`s njbp`s hm o`blrm y hgrmnngþo, mtn.) p`hrê movgjrsm p`r bjgd.
l. Q`rtjd hm hmv`dung`o hmv`dung`oms ms Mo md Q`rtjd hm Hmv`dung`oms hm N`rrm`s, sgo omnmsghjh hm motrjr og rmigstrjrsm mo dj @QU<, ms p`sgldm imomrjr djs mtgqumtjs pjrj hmv`dvmr uo movâ`. Qjs`s j rmjdgzjr3 - Gotr`hungr jrtânud`s mo su mbljdjcm. - Nubpdgbmotjr hjt`s hm rmbgtmotm y hmstgojtjrg`. - Gbprgbgr mtgqumtj mo tgotj omirj, mo su tjbjú` `rgigojd (:1 x := nb), sgo jrruijs og h`ldmnms - ^g o` ms p`sgldm gbprgbgr dj mtgqumtj, ljstj n`o jo`tjr d`s <> hâigt`s y n`buognjrd`s mo uoj @egngoj hm N`rrm`s. - Md mbpdmjh` ejngdgtj md rmsiujrh` hmd movâ`.
n. Jhbgsgþo sgo e`rbudjrg` prmgbprms` Md `lcmtgv` hm dj hgigtjdgzjngþo hm dj egrbj hmd ndgmotm ms dj mdgbgojngþo hm dj h`nubmotjngþo mo pjpmd, mo d`s pr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo hm pr`hunt`s rmigstrjh`s mo @egngoj y dj nust`hgj hm hgnfj egrbj mo e`rbjt` hgigtjd, mo —m-h`nubmot`‒. Jntujdbmotm, mo dj jhbgsgþo hm uo movâ`, md ndgmotm prmsmotj uo e`rbudjrg` nubpdgbmotjh` (B-::J y B-::g) y trjs dj jhbgsgþo sm dm motrmij uoj n`pgj vjdghjhj bmnêognjbmotm n`b` custgegnjotm. N`rrm`s iujrhj, jrnfgvj y nust`hgj uoj n`pgj mo pjpmd hm mstm e`rbudjrg`. N`o dj hgigtjdgzjngþo hm dj egrbj, md ndgmotm, o` tgmom qum nubpdgbmotjr y egrbjr md e`rbudjrg` prmgbprms`, dj egrbj sm rmn`im mo dj tjldmtj y sm jdbjnmoj mdmntrþognjbmotm.
<96
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
Md mbpdmjh` hm dj `egngoj rmjdgzj dj jhbgsgþo mo G\G^ y motrmij uo e`rbudjrg` (` d` rmbgtm p`r m-bjgd) n`o d`s hjt`s hmd movâ`3 rmbgtmotm y hmstgojtjrg`, tgp` hm pr`hunt`, nþhgi` hm movâ`, `egngoj hm jhbgsgþo, emnfj/ f`rj, pms`, vjd`rms jújhgh`s, gbp`rtm j pjijr y dj egrbj hgigtjdgzjhj, cuot` jd n`ohgng`ojh` hmd smrvgng`. Md e`rbudjrg` hm jhbgsgþo egrbjh` p`r md ndgmotm sm pumhm vgsujdgzjr hmshm nujdqugmr `egngoj, uoj vmz jhbgtgh` md movâ`, goe`rbjoh` md oóbmr` mo md d`njdgzjh`r hm movâ`s BM\N]\G@. Xjblgço sm pumhm rmgbprgbgr md e`rbudjrg` hm jhbgsgþo mo G\G^, óognjbmotm mo dj `egngoj hm jhbgsgþo, n`o dj gbjimo hm dj egrbj hgigtjdgzjhj, hmshm dj `pngþo Bjotmogbgmot`. ]oj vmz smdmnng`ojh` md tgp` hm movâ` y hmpmohgmoh` hmd pr`hunt` qum qumrjb`s jhbgtgr, md nfmnk hm hgigtjdgzjngþo jpjrmnmrê bjrnjh` ` o` p`r hmemnt`. D`s pr`hunt`s jemntjh`s p`r md pr`nms` hm egrbj hgigtjd s`o3 - Njrtj nmrtgegnjhj. - Njrtj nmrtgegnjhj urimotm. - Qjq Qrmbgub. - Qjq Mstêohjr. - Qjqumtm Jzud. - Qjq \mt`ro`. - Qjqumtm Q`stjd Gotmrojng`ojd Mn`oþbgn`. - Qjq ^tjohjr Gotmrojng`ojd. - Qjq Qrmbgub Gotmrojng`ojd-MB^. - Ejx. - Lur`ejx. Mo d`s pr`hunt`s pjrj d`s qum o` jpjrmnm bjrnjh` p`r hmemnt`, sm utgdgzjrê dj Njrtj nmrtgegnjhj. ^gmbprm qum o` gbpjntm hm e`rbj omijtgvj mo d`s tgmbp`s hm mspmrj, sm hmlmrê bjrnjr md nfmnk —Hgigtjdgzjngþo‒. Mo njs` hm jhbgtgr pjqumtmrâj sm goe`rbj md Qms` U`dubçtrgn` y mo md jpjrtjh` \memrmongj ndgmotm, sm bjrnj dj njsgddj O` jp`rtj (sgmbprm qum md rmbgtmotm o` smj uo ndgmotm rmigstrjh`). J n`otgoujngþo, sm goe`rbjo hjt`s hmd hmstgojtjrg` y rmbgtmotm. ^g sm `bgtm jdióo hjt` jpjrmnm uo bmosjcm mbmrimotm m G\G^ o` pmrbgtm egojdgzjr dj jhbgsgþo. ]oj vmz nubpdgbmotjh`s d`s hjt`s hmd hmstgojtjrg` y rmbgtmotm, jd pudsjr s`lrm dj pmstjúj Jnmptjr, sm hmspdgmij uoj vmotjoj mbmrimotm n`o dj gbjimo qum md ndgmotm vgsujdgzj mo dj tjldmtj. Umrgegnj qum d`s hjt`s s`o n`rrmnt`s y egrbj hmotr` hmd mspjng` hmstgojh` jd memnt`. Dj gbjimo hm dj tjldmtj jpjrmnm p`r hmemnt` mo njstmddjo`, pmr` sm fj fjlgdgtjh` mo dj tjldmtj dj `pngþo hm mdmigr md ghg`bj n``egngjd mo md qum md ndgmotm hmsmj vmr d`s hjt`s, smdmnng`oêoh`d` sm fjlgdgtj md ghg`bj mdmigh`. ^m pudsj Jnmptjr pjrj egojdgzjr md jdtj hmd movâ`. J n`otgoujngþo, md mqugp` budtgeuongþo gbprgbm md e`rbudjrg` pjrj smr motrmijh` jd ndgmotm n`o d`s hjt`s hmd movâ`, dj egrbj qum sm fj hgigtjdgzjh` y md n`ohgng`ojh` hmd smrvgng`.
• Jhbgsgþo n`o egrbj hgigtjdgzjhj y rmbgsgþo hm h`nubmot` p`r m-bjgd Md ndgmotm pumhm s`dgngtjr qum md e`rbudjrg` hm jhbgsgþo dm smj rmbgtgh` j uoj hgrmnngþo hm n`rrm` mdmntrþogn` y o` sm dm motrmium mo pjpmd, dj `egngoj bjrnj dj njsgddj Mbjgd. Dj njsgddj hm —Hgigtjdgzjngþo‒ pmrbjomnm jntgvjhj. ^m hmlm hm `ermnmr mstm smrvgng` jd ndgmotm y p`tmongjrd` p`r mongbj hm dj gbprmsgþo hmd e`rbudjrg`. Ms bês nþb`h` pjrj md ndgmotm y jf`rrj tgmbp`, n`stms hm gbprmsgþo, jrnfgv` y n`osudtj j dj `egngoj. Md ndgmotm rmnglgrê md e`rbudjrg` mo e`rbjt` QHE mo su luzþo hm n`rrm` mdmntrþogn` pjrj hgsp`omr hm çd mo dj e`rbj qum prmngsm.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<97
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
Nujoh` sm smdmnng`oj dj njsgddj hm Mbjgd sm hmspdgmij uo njbp` pjrj qum sm goe`rbm md n`rrm` mdmntrþogn`. J n`otgoujngþo, sm hmlm rmpmtgr pjrj su vmrgegnjngþo. ^g o` sm nubpdgbmotj, ` o` sm goe`rbj md bgsb` mbjgd mo jbl`s njbp`s, sm ld`qumj dj jnmptjngþo hmd jdtj hmd movâ`. ]oj vmz nubpdgbmotjh`s mo G\G^ d`s hjt`s hmd hmstgojtjrg` y rmbgtmotm, sm jntgvj dj pmstjúj Jnmptjr. Jd pudsjrdj sm hmspdgmij uoj vmotjoj mbmrimotm n`o dj gbjimo qum md ndgmotm vgsujdgzj mo dj tjldmtj. Mo dj tjldmtj jpjrmnm md mbjgd irjljh`. ^g jhmbês md movâ` ddmvj md vjd`r jújhgh` \mmbl`ds` hm goirms` mo numotj, tjblgço sm bumstrj md oóbmr` hm numotj (NNN) hmd ndgmotm mo dj tjldmtj. Md ndgmotm vmrgegnj qum d`s hjt`s s`o n`rrmnt`s y egrbj mo dj tjldmtj. Nujoh` md ndgmotm mdgim md movâ` p`r mbjgd, sm motrmij jd ndgmotm óognjbmotm md tgnkmt qum imomrj dj ljdjozj jd n`lrjr dj l`dsj. O` sm gbprgbm ogoióo h`nubmot` mo dj @egngoj.
• Jhbgsgþo hm movâ`s hm ndgmotms n`o n`otrjt` ^gmbprm qum uo ndgmotm n`o n`otrjt`, u `trj pmrs`oj mo su o`blrm, jnuhj j uoj `egngoj j hmp`sgtjr sus movâ`s y pmrbjomznj mo dj `egngoj bgmotrjs sm rmjdgzj dj jhbgsgþo, sm fj hm gotr`hungr su o`blrm y jpmddgh`s mo md njbp` Qmrs`oj Hmp`sgtjrgj y hmlmrê egrbjr mo dj tjldmtj. ^g d`s movâ`s fjo sgh` rmn`igh`s mo h`bgngdg` p`r hgstrglungþo, mo md njbp` Qmrs`oj Hmp`sgtjrgj sm gohgnj3 —\mn`igh` p`r hgstrglungþo‒ y mo dj vmotjoj hm dj tjldmtj sm mdgim dj `pngþo —\mn`igh` p`r hgstrglungþo‒. O` sm rmqugmrm dj egrbj hmd ndgmotm mo dj tjldmtj. ^g d`s movâ`s d`s hmp`sgtj md ndgmotm mo dj `egngoj y o` pmrbjomnm mo mddj bgmotrjs sm jhbgtmo, mo md njbp` Qmrs`oj Hmp`sgtjrgj sm fj hm gohgnjr3 —Hmp`sgtjh` p`r ndgmotm‒ y mo dj tjldmtj sm mdmigrê dj `pngþo —Hmp`sgtjh` p`r ndgmotm‒. O` sm rmqugmrm dj egrbj hmd ndgmotm mo dj tjldmtj. ^g d`s movâ`s vgmomo jn`bpjújh`s hm B-::, sm jhbgtmo sgo hgigtjdgzjr, vjdghjoh` md e`rbudjrg`.
h. Jhbgsgþo sgo egrbj hgigtjdgzjhj y vjdghjngþo bmnêognj Mo djs `njsg`oms qum dj `egngoj o` hgsp`oij —tmbp`rjdbmotm‒ hm gbprms`rj budtgeuongþo, mo dj jhbgsgþo sm fj hm hmsbjrnjr dj njsgddj hm Hgigtjdgzjngþo y rmjdgzjr dj jhbgsgþo vjdghjoh` md e`rbudjrg` (B-::J ` B-::g) hm dj e`rbj fjlgtujd. Mo mst`s njs`s sm fj hm jlrgr gonghmongj jd NJ] y trjtjr hm qum sm s`dung`om d` bês rêpghjbmotm p`sgldm.
L. Gbprms`s N`b` fmb`s vgst` mo dj jntujdghjh sm mstêo hmcjoh` hm usjr d`s gbprms`s hm jhbgsgþo, sgmoh` sustgtugh`s p`r md —e`rbudjrg` `odgom‒ ` dj jhbgsgþo mo G\G^ imomrjoh` md rmsiujrh` hm jhbgsgþo, n`o dj egrbj hgigtjdgzjhj p`r pjrtm hmd rmbgtmotm (gbprms`rj budtgeuongþo). D`s gbprms`s s`o3
j. B-::-J Md njblg` mo dj jhbgsgþo hm movâ`s rmigstrjh`s ojng`ojdms tgmom n`b` `lcmtgv`s prgongpjdms3 - ]ogegnjr md gbprms` gbprms` hm jhbgsgþo, pjrj d`s movâ`s n`o ` sgo rmmbl`ds`. - ^gbpdgegnjr md —bumstrjrg` —bumstrjrg` hm gbprms`s hm djs `egngojs y bjsgvjs‒. - Imomrjngþo hm mtgqumtjs hm Qjqumtmrâj f`b`içomjs. - Bmc`rjr md n`otr`d hm jhbgsgþo. - Egrbj hmd ndgmotm jnmptjoh` hjt`s vjdghjh`s p`r md sgstmbj.
<61
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
l. B-::-G Dj utgdgzjngþo hmd gbprms` B-::g mo dj jhbgsgþo hm movâ`s rmigstrjh`s gotmrojng`ojdms tgmom n`b` `lcmtgv`s prgongpjdms3 - ]ogegnjr d`s gbprms`s hm jhbgsgþo mo uo` s`d`. - ^gbpdgegnjr md —bumstrjrg` hm gbprms`s hm djs `egngojs y bjsgvjs‒. - Imomrjngþo hm mtgqumtjs hm Qjqumtmrâj f`b`içomjs. - Bmc`rjr md n`otr`d hm jhbgsgþo. - Egrbj hmd ndgmotm jnmptjoh` hjt`s vjdghjh`s p`r md sgstmbj. Jotms hm jhbgtgr uo movâ` nuy` n`otmogh` ms hgemrmotm j h`nubmot`s, ms omnmsjrg` prmiuotjr jd ndgmotm p`r md n`otmogh` hmd movâ` m gohgnjrdm qum tgp` hm bmrnjonâjs mstêo pr`fglghjs pjrj su nurs` p`r n`rrm`.
8.> JHB G^G ÞO NJ\X NJ\XJ J NM\XGE GNJHJ Mo dj jhbgsgþo hm dj njrtj nmrtgegnjhj, sm fj jújhgh` uo njbp` pjrj irjljr d`s movâ`s jhbgtgh`s mo uoj `egngoj rurjd y qum jp`rtmo uo nþhgi` hmd gbprms` B::-J vêdgh`. ^m vjdghjrê qum md nþhgi` smj vêdgh` y qum o` fjyj sgh` usjh` mo `trj jhbgsgþo. Mo pjrtgnudjr, md njbp` —Gbprgbgr mtgqumtj‒ sm p`hrê jntgvjr ` hmsjntgvjr smióo djs omnmsghjhms hmd usujrg`. ]oj vmz bjrnjh` md nfmnk, sm smdmnng`ojrê jut`bêtgnjbmotm dj mtgqumtjh`rj.
J. Jhbgsgþo uogtjrgj ^m n`osghmrj jhbgsgþo gohgvghujdgzjhj nujoh` md ndgmotm prmsmotj movâ`s pjrj rmjdgzjr jhbgsg`oms hm uoj mo uoj, hmlgmoh` irjljr t`h`s d`s hjt`s hmd movâ` (mo md njs` hm smr uo ndgmotm fjlgtujd qum prmsmotm vjrg`s movâ`s, sm dm rmn`bmohjrê qum pjrj p`stmrg`rms motrmijs utgdgnm md e`rbudjrg` `o dgom mo dj wml hm N`rrm`s). Md ndgmotm hmlm jn`ohgng`ojr d`s movâ`s hm dj sgiugmotm e`rbj3 - Mo uo movjsm qum ijrjotgnm dj gotmirghjh hmd n`otmogh` y rmspmtjoh` md pms` y hgbmosg`oms bâogbjs y bêxgbjs mstjldmnghjs pjrj njhj tgp` hm pr`hunt`. - D`s s`lrms o` pumhmo gr nmrrjh`s n`o ngotj jhfmsgvj og prmsmotjr smújdms hm fjlmr sgh` jlgmrt`s y vumdt`s j nmrrjr. - D`s hjt`s hm hm rmbgtmotm y hmstgojtjrg` o` pumhmo pumhmo gr msnrgt`s j dêpgz. - Md hjt` rmbgtmotm ms `ldgijt`rg`, sjdv` mo d`s nmrtgegnjh`s hgrgigh`s j n`onurs`s dgtmrjrg`s. ]oj vmz rmjdgzjhjs djs n`bpr`ljng`oms jotmrg`rms, sm rmjdgzj dj jhbgsgþo hmd sgiugmotm b`h`3 sm irjlj md movâ` mo Grgs qum imomrj dj mtgqumtj y sm jhfgmrm, prmemrmotmbmotm, mo md êoiud` supmrg`r hmrmnf`, hm b`h` qum dj mtgqumtj o` pmrcuhgqum dj ndjrghjh hm dj hgrmnngþo y jd tmrbgojr hgnfj jhbgsgþo md sgstmbj imomrj uo e`rbudjrg` qum sm motrmij ` movâj p`r m-bjgd jd ndgmotm.
L. Jhbgsgþo p`r prmirjljh`s Mstm pr`nmhgbgmot` hm jhbgsgþo ms jpdgnjldm nujoh` md ndgmotm prmsmotj d`s movâ`s fjlgçoh`d`s irjljh` mo dj wml mo md e`rbudjrg` `o dgom. Mo mstm njs` md ndgmotm hmlm prmsmotjr3 - Md nþhgi` qum dm fj imomrjh` md sgstmbj y qum ms omnmsjrg` pjrj n`bmozjr dj jhbgsgþo. - D`s movâ`s n`rrmntjbmotm jn`ohgng`ojh`s y prmemrmotmbmotm `rhmojh`s p`r nþhgi` p`stjd hm bmo`r j bjy`r, pjrj jhfmrgr djs mtgqumtjs qum imomrj G\G^ mo md b`bmot` hm dj jhbgsgþo. ^g mdgim md vjd`r jújhgh` J\ hmlm fjlmr rmddmojh` d`s Jvgs`s hm rmngl` B->= ` QMM pjrj ojng`ojd ` md NO19 pjrj gotmrojng`ojd, sm jhbgtgrê md movâ`. Mo njs` hm fjlmr smdmnng`ojh` gbprmsgþo3
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<6:
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
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^g fj sgh` sgh` p`r dj gbprms`rj dêsmr, sm prmiuotjrê md nujhrjotm mo md qum sm hmsmj gbprgbgr y p`stmrg`rbmotm sm gbprgbgrê dj mtgqumtj. - ^g fj sgh` p`r dj mtgqumtjh`rj, sm gbprgbgrê hgrmntjbmotm dj mtgqumtj. Mo njs` hm o` fjlmr hmsbjrnjh` vjdghjngþo sm pmhgrê qum sm gotr`huznj md gbprms` B::-J pjrj pr`nmhmr j su vjdghjngþo. Mo jhbgsg`oms uogtjrgjs sm jhfgmrm dj mtgqumtj —N‒ qum imomrj md sgstmbj jd jhbgtgrdj. ^g dj njrtj ddmvj md vjd`r jújhgh` rmmbl`ds`, sgmbprm sm fj hm gbprgbgr mtgqumtj y jhfmrgr jd movâ` y sm hmstruym dj mtgqumtj NH. D`s movâ`s sþd` pumhmo ngrnudjr n`o uoj mtgqumtj hm nþhgi` hm ljrrjs. ^g dj njrtj pmsj bês hm <=1 irjb`s Grgs imomrjrê uoj mtgqumtj hm pjqumtmrâj pjrj qum md movâ` pumhj smr ndjsgegnjh` ndjsge gnjh` mo djs bêqugojs hm pjqumtmrâj, mstj mtgqumtj fj hm jhfmrgrsm jd movâ` sgo qum qumhj h`ldjhj ` jrruijhj. ^g dj jhbgsgþo ms bódtgpdm sm dm jhfgmrm dj mtgqumtj hm Njrtj Nmrtgegnjhj Ojng`ojd.
N. Jhbgsgþo Jhbgsgþo Bódtgpdm Dj jhbgsgþo bódtgpdm o` sm vmrê jemntjhj, p`r d` qum sm n`bp`rtjrê tjd y n`b` sm mstjlj fjngmoh` fjstj jf`rj. Mo njs` hm smdmnng`ojr dj `pngþo hm ‖Gbprgbgr mtgqumtj‗, sm hmsfjlgdgtjrê dj jhbgsgþo bódtgpdm.
H. Njrtj nmrtgegnjhj ojng`ojd rmmbl`ds` Mo dj jhbgsgþo hm d`s movâ`s hm njrtjs n`o md vjd`r jújhgh` rmmbl`ds`, n`b` ms omnmsjrg` irjljr t`h`s d`s hjt`s mo Grgs pjrj p`hmr rmjdgzjr dj jhbgsgþo, o` ms omnmsjrg` qum md ndgmotm o`s prmsmotm nubpdgbmotjh` md B-::J, sm irjljo d`s hjt`s, sm hj hm jdtj md movâ`, sm vjdghj md B-::g y sm dm prmsmotj jd ndgmotm pjrj qum d` egrbm y jnmptm dj irjljngþo hm d`s hjt`s, n`b` sm fjnm mo dj jhbgsgþo hm `tr`s pr`hunt`s.
M. Njrtj nmrtgegnjhj gotmrojng`ojd rmmbl`ds` Nujoh` dj njrtj nmrtgegnjhj hm êblgt` gotmrojng`ojd ddmvj md vjd`r jújhgh` hm rmmbl`ds`, sm ghmotgegnj n`o dj mtgqumtj —\mbl`ursmbmot‒ y sm jhfgmrm jhmbês dj mtgqumtj \E qum imomrj md sgstmbj, y sm jhcuotj tjblgço md gbprms` BQ:LG^ (jotms XEQ>), qum vjdghjhj md sgstmbj jd jhbgtgr md movâ`. Mo mstm njs` sm utgdgzj md B-::g.
E. O`tgegnjng`oms -
O`tgegnjng`oms prmrmigstrjhjs prmrmigstrjhjs mo @U<, fjo hm hjrsm hm jdtj hm e`rbj uogtjrgj ` p`r jhbgsgþo jhbgsgþo udtrjrrêpghj mo Grgs, ouonj hmlmo jp`rtjr jdljrêo. - O`tgegnjng`oms n`o egnfmr`, sm fj hm hmsld`qumjr md egnfmr` y jhbgtgr md jdljrêo mo Grgs (`egngojs jut`rgzjhjs). - O`tgegnjng`oms bjoujdms n`o njri` j uo n`otrjt`, hmlmo prmsmotjrsm n`o jdljrêo qum sm hjrê hm jdtj mo Grgs. Djs mtgqumtjs qum hmlmo ddmvjr mstjs o`tgegnjng`oms smrêo3 ¹ Ldjonjs y dj oubmrjngþo n`bmozjr p`r OJ nujoh` s`o o`tgegnjng`oms jhbgogstrjtgvjs. ¹ Umrhms y dj oubmrjngþo n`bmozjr p`r OC nujoh` s`o o`tgegnjng`oms cuhgngjdms. cuhgngjdms. Djs o`tgegnjng`oms jhbgogstrjtgvjs hm pji` jd n`otjh` y sgo prmrrmigstrjr fjo hm hjrsm hm jdtj mo Grgs. Jd smdmnng`ojr o`tgegnjngþo sm jntgvjrê md njbp` J\ y dj oubmrjngþo n`bmozjrê p`r OJ (sm p`hrêo jhbgtgr hm e`rbj uogtjrgj ` bódtgpdm).
<6<
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
I. Jhbgsgþo p`r md sgstmbj hm pr`nmhgbgmot` jhbgogstrjtgv` N`rrm`s jhbgtgrê s`dgngtuhms, msnrgt`s y n`buognjng`oms qum d`s nguhjhjo`s ` motghjhms hgrgcjo j d`s þrijo`s hm djs Jhbgogstrjng`oms Qóldgnjs. D`s h`nubmot`s qum d`s gotmrmsjh`s hgrgcjo j d`s þrijo`s hm djs Jhbgogstrjng`oms Qóldgnjs p`hrêo prmsmotjrsm3 - Mo md rmigstr` mdmntrþogn` hm dj Jhbgogstrjngþo u @rijogsb` jd qum sm hgrgcjo, jsâ n`b` mo d`s rmstjotms rmigstr`s mdmntrþogn`s. - Mo djs `egngojs hm hm N`rrm`s, mo dj e`rbj qum qum rmidjbmotjrgjbmotm sm mstjldmznj. - Mo djs rmprmsmotjng`oms hgpd`bêtgnjs u `egngojs n`osudjrms n`osudjrms hm Mspjúj Mspjúj mo md mxtrjocmr`. - Mo djs `egngojs hm jsgstmongj mo bjtmrgj hm rmigstr`s. - Mo nujdqugmr `tr` qum mstjldmznjo djs hgsp`sgng`oms vgimotms. Dj Dmy >7/<1:=, hm : hm `ntulrm, hmd pr`nmhgbgmot` jhbgogstrjtgv` y n`bóo hm djs Jhbgogstrjng`oms Quldgnjs hmegom md smnt`r póldgn` n`b` md qum n`bprmohm3 - Dj Jhbgogstrjngþo Imomrjd hmd Mstjh`. - Djs Jhbgogstrjng`oms hm djs N`buoghjhms Jutþo`bjs. - Djs Motghjhms qum gotmirjo dj Jhbgogstrjngþo D`njd. - Md smnt`r póldgn` gostgtung`ojd, gotmirêoh`sm mstm, j su vmz, p`r3 ¹ Nujdmsqugmrj `rijogsb`s `rijogsb`s póldgn`s póldgn`s y motghjhms hm hmrmnf` póldgn` vgonudjh`s ` hmpmohgmotms hm djs Jhbgogstrjng`oms Qóldgnjs. ¹ Djs motghjhms hm hmrmnf` prgvjh` vgonudjhjs vgonudjhjs ` hmpmohgmotms hm djs Jhbgogstrjng`oms Jhbgogstrjng`oms Qóldgnjs, Qóldgnjs, qum qumhjrêo sucmtjs j d` hgspumst` mo djs o`rbjs hm mstj Dmy qum mspmnâegnjbmotm sm rmegmrjo j djs bgsbjs, y mo t`h` njs`, nujoh` mcmrzjo p`tmstjhms jhbgogstrjtgvjs. ¹ Djs ]ogvmrsghjhms póldgnjs.
j. Qr`nms` hm jhbgsgþo -
Djs s`dgngtuhms, msnrgt`s y n`buognjng`oms hgrgighjs j d`s þrijo`s hm djs Jhbgogstrjng`oms Qóldgnjs j trjvçs hm N`rrm`s, sm prmsmotjrêo mo s`lrm jlgmrt`, jn`bpjújhjs hm d`s n`rrmsp`ohgmotms gbprms`s hm jhbgsgþo (B::-J). - Md mbpdmjh` qum jhbgtj md movâ` fjrê n`ostjr n`o ndjrghjh, mo dj njlmnmrj hm dj prgbmrj f`cj hmd h`nubmot` qum sm qugmrj movgjr y mo md rmsiujrh` custgegnjtgv` hm jhbgsgþo, md o`blrm hm dj `egngoj y dj emnfj, md duijr, dj f`rj y bgout` hm jhbgsgþo. - J pmtgngþo hmd rmbgtmotm, md mbpdmjh` fjrê n`ostjr mst`s hjt`s hmd movâ` mo dj prgbmrj prgbmrj pêigoj hm dj n`pgj, e`t`n`pgj u `tr` tgp` hm rmpr`hunngþo hmd h`nubmot` prgongpjd qum sm qugmrj movgjr, prmvgj n`bpjrjngþo hm su ghmotghjh n`o md `rgigojd. - Md pr`pg` rmbgtmotm nmrrjrê md s`lrm mo prmsmongj hmd mbpdmjh`. - Md mbpdmjh` e`rbjdgzjrê y dm motrmijrê md rmsiujrh` hm jhbgsgþo, nuyj bjtrgz jrnfgvjrê mo dj @egngoj. Nujoh` gotmrmsm j d`s rmbgtmotms n`o`nmr dj emnfj hm motrmij hm mst`s movâ`s mo djs hmpmohmongjs hmstgojtjrgjs, p`hrêo s`dgngtjr jvgs` hm rmngl` mo djs n`ohgng`oms imomrjdms. Mo d`s supumst`s hm hgvmrsghjh hm h`nubmot`s, n`rrmsp`ohgmotms j hgemrmotms rmbgtmotms, prmsmotjh`s p`r rmprmsmotjotms hm d`s gotmrmsjh`s (p`r mcmbpd`, uo imst`r jhbgogstrjtgv`), o` smrêo jhbgtgh`s n`ocuotjbmotm mo uo óogn` s`lrm, sgo` qum mxgstgrêo tjot`s movâ`s nmrtgegnjh`s n`b` h`nubmot`s prgongpjdms hmljo smr smddjh`s, hmlgmoh` n`gonghgr md egrbjotm hmd h`nubmot` n`o md rmbgtmotm hmd movâ` n`osgiojh` mo md s`lrm y mo md rmsiujrh` hm gbp`sgngþo. Mo njs` hm huhj s`lrm dj ojturjdmzj jhbgogstrjtgvj hmd `rijogsb` hmstgojtjrg` hmd movâ`, y n`o md ego hm prmstjr md bmc`r smrvgng` j d`s ndgmotms, sm rmjdgzjrê dj jhbgsgþo j trjvçs hmd pr`nmhgbgmot` jhbgogstrjtgv` jhvgrtgmoh` qum, sg jqumd o` rmvgstm tjd ojturjdmzj, N`rrm`s o` ijrjotgzj dj megnjngj dmijd hmd sgstmbj.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<6>
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
^m pumhm utgdgzjr mstm sgstmbj pjrj d`s msnrgt`s hgrgigh`s j djs rmprmsmotjng`oms hgpd`bêtgnjs hm Mspjúj mo `tr`s pjâsms, yj qum tgmomo dj n`osghmrjngþo hm tmrrgt`rg` mspjú`d y ms jpdgnjldm dj dmigsdjngþo ojng`ojd. Nujoh` md hmstgojtjrg` hm dj n`buognjngþo smj uo @rijogsb` Gotmrojng`ojd hmd qum Mspjúj smj Mstjh` bgmblr`, sm p`hrê smddjr dj njlmnmrj hmd h`nubmot` prgongpjd y dj n`pgj mo su njs`, mo dj e`rbj gohgnjhj jotms, pmr` jhvgrtgmoh` jd gotmrmsjh` qum N`rrm`s o` ijrjotgzj dj megnjngj dmijd qum mo su b`bmot` pumhjo hjr mstjs Gostgtung`oms j mstm pr`nmhgbgmot` y qum, p`r d` tjot`, o` sm rmsp`osjlgdgzj hm djs n`osmnumongjs qum su o` jnmptjngþo pumhj pr`v`njr jd rmbgtmotm.
8.8 8. 8 UJD@\M ^ HMN DJ\ JH@^ Mo mstm pr`hunt` sm tmohrêo mo numotj d`s nrgtmrg`s imomrjdms hm jhbgsgþo y d`s mspmnâegn`s qum j n`otgoujngþo sm hmtjddjo. ^g md ndgmotm trjm md movâ` jn`ohgng`ojh`, mstm pumhm vmogr mo e`rbj hm s`lrm ` hm njcj3 - E`rbj hm s`lrm. Md movâ` fjlrê hm mstjr nmrrjh` hm e`rbj qum o` pumhj smr sustrjâh` su n`otmogh` sgo smr hmstrugh` y pr`vgst` hm prmngot` hm smiurghjh n`ostgtugh` n`o uoj bjrnj qum ghmotgegqum jd rmbgtmotm (o`blrm n`bpdmt`, rjzþo s`ngjd ` gogngjdms) ` lgmo n`o uoj ngotj hm smiurghjh b`hmd` ^miurm Xjpm 6<1 ` sgbgdjr; ` mo su hmemnt`, bmhgjotm sgstmbj hm n`sgh` ` nruzjh` n`o numrhj ` lrjbjotm ego` n`o uo óogn` ouh` y ngon` djnrms n`o bjrnj mspmngjd qum ghmotgegqum jd rmbgtmotm. Md jn`ohgng`ojbgmot` hm movâ`s n`o vjd`rms hmndjrjh`s bmhgjotm djnrms o` p`hrê rmjdgzjrsm mo djs `egngojs hm N`rrm`s, p`r d` qum md ndgmotm tmohrê qum trjmr md movâ` yj jn`ohgng`ojh` hm mstj e`rbj j dj `egngoj. - E`rbj hm njcj (@lcmt` Jsmiurjh`). Jsmiurjh`). Djs njcjs smrêo hm bmtjd ` bjhmrj n`o uo mspms`r bâogb` hm 6 bgdâbmtr`s, pmremntjbmotm nmrrjhjs y pr`vgstjs hm prmngot` hm smiurghjh n`ostgtugh` n`o uoj bjrnj qum ghmotgegqum jd rmbgtmotm (o`blrm n`bpdmt`, rjzþo s`ngjd ` gogngjdms) ` lgmo n`o uoj ngotj hm smiurghjh b`hmd` ^miurm Xjpm 6<1 ` sgbgdjr, hm e`rbj qum qumhmo smddjhjs t`hjs dj jlmrturjs hm dj njcj; ` lgmo n`o lrjbjotm ego` y sgo ouh`s, nruzjh` mo djs njrjs supmrg`r m goemrg`r, y nujtr` smdd`s hm djnrm s`lrm djs njrjs djtmrjdms n`o bjrnj mspmngjd qum ghmotgegqum jd rmbgtmotm. Md jn`ohgng`ojbgmot` hm d`s movâ`s n`o vjd`rms hmndjrjh`s n`o djnrms o` p`hrê rmjdgzjrsm mo djs `egngojs hm N`rrm`s, p`r d` qum md ndgmotm tmohrê qum trjmr md movâ` yj jn`ohgng`ojh` hm mstj e`rbj j dj `egngoj. ^g md ndgmotm sm prmsmotj mo dj `egngoj hm N`rrm`s n`o md movâ` sgo jn`ohgng`ojr, mot`onms p`hrmb`s tmomr mst`s h`s njs`s3 - Mo e`rbj hm s`lrm qum jp`rtj md ndgmotm. ^g md s`lrm hmd movâ` ms n`osgstmotm y jpjrmnm fmrbçtgnjbmotm nmrrjh`, hm e`rbj qum o` pumhj smr sustrjâh` su n`otmogh` sgo smr hmstrugh`, sm n`bpr`ljrê qum o` tgmom bjrnjs hm fjlmr sgh` jlgmrt` y vumdt`s j nmrrjr. ^m jhbgtm md movâ` n`o vjd`r hmndjrjh`, jhfgrgmoh` pjrj mdd` dj mtgqumtj hm smrvgng` mo md jovmrs` hmd movâ` - N`o s`lrm hm ^miurgbgog. Nujoh` Nujoh` md s`lrm s`lrm ` mbljdjcm mbljdjcm qum prmsmotj md ndgmotm, o` rmóom ijrjotâjs suegngmotms pjrj smr nursjh` n`b` vjd`r hmndjrjh`, ` md ndgmotm o` hgsp`om hm mbljdjcm, md mbpdmjh` ejngdgtjrê md s`lrm hm smiurghjh (nþhgi` pr`hunt` ^MI]\GBGOG), y uoj vmz gotr`hungh` md n`otmogh` p`r md ndgmotm pr`nmhmrê j nmrrjrd` mo su prmsmongj. ^g sm pr`hunm dj vmotj hm jdióo mbljdjcm sm n`lrjrê jd ndgmotm md gbp`rtm mstjldmngh` mo tjrgejs, rmigstrjoh` dj `pmrjngþo hm vmotj mo G\G^. ^m jhbgtm md movâ` n`o vjd`r hmndjrjh`, jhfgrgmoh` pjrj mdd` dj mtgqumtj hm smrvgng` mo md jovmrs` hmd movâ`. Nujoh` md ndgmotm o` hgsp`om hm mbljdjcm y md `lcmt` o` ms p`sgldm nursjrd` ljc` md s`lrm hm ^miurgbgog, md `lcmt` j movgjr sm gondugrê mo jdiuo`s hm d`s mbljdjcms (njcjs ` s`lrms) qum hgsp`om pjrj dj vmotj N`rrm`s. ]oj vmz gotr`hungh` md n`otmogh` p`r md ndgmotm pr`nmhmrê j nmrrjrd` mo prmsmongj hmd pmrs`ojd hm jhbgsgþo. Mo md ngmrrm hm djs njcjs, sm fjlrê n`bpr`ljh` qum djs s`djpjs gotmrojs hm dj njcj fjo sgh` hmspdmijhjs, pjrj gbpmhgr md jnnms` jd gotmrg`r p`r d`s djtmrjdms hm dj bgsbj. Mo dj njrj prgongpjd hm dj njcj ` s`lrm, sm jhfmrgrê dj mtgqumtj hm smrvgng`.
<68
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
^m n`lrjrê jd ndgmotm md gbp`rtm hmd mbljdjcm (njcj ` s`lrm), mstjldmngh` mo tjrgejs, rmigstrjoh` dj `pmrjngþo hm vmotj mo G\G^.
D`s movâ`s hm Ujd`rms Hmndjrjh`s ojng`ojdms ojng`ojdms sm ghmotgegnjo n`o dj gogngjd —U‒ y d`s movâ`s gotmrojng`ojdms n`o djs sgidjs —UU‒.
8.= NJ\X NJ\XJ J @\HG OJ\ GJ ]\IMO XM Mstm tgp` hm movâ` pumhm motrjr mo md ngrnugt` j trjvçs hm d`s pumst`s hm jhbgsgþo ` bmhgjotm d`s luz`oms ulgnjh`s mo dj pr`pgj `egngoj y mo jdiuoj hm djs bêqugojs mxpmohmh`rjs hm mstjbpgddjs (smióo b`hmd`) hm us` póldgn`. Mst`s movâ`s o` rmqugmrmo gbprms` hm gbp`sgngþo y su motrmij sm rmjdgzj bmhgjotm md hmpþsgt` mo d`s njsgddmr`s h`bgngdgjrg`s, mo jpjrtjh`s pjrtgnudjrms ` Dgstj hm n`rrm`s, sgo qum qumhm n`ostjongj msnrgtj hm dj motrmij. Djs njrtjs urimotms `rhgojrgjs fjo hm ddmvjr uoj mtgqumtj jut`jhfmsgvj. D`s movâ`s ddmvjo uoj mtgqumtj mo md êoiud` supmrg`r gzqugmrh` hmd jovmrs`. Mo mddj egiurj dj gosnrgpngþo —Njrtj urimotm ojng`ojd‒, md oóbmr` y md nþhgi` hm ljrrjs qum ghmotgegnjo njhj uo` hm d`s movâ`s. Dj pjrtm gzqugmrhj sm jhfgmrm j dj njrtj y dj pjrtm hmrmnfj hm dj mtgqumtj sm hmsprmohm y sm motrmij jd ndgmotm, qugmo p`hrê utgdgzjrd` pjrj md p`stmrg`r smiugbgmot` hmd movâ`. Md tgp` hm mtgqumtj hmsnrgt` sm utgdgzjrê pjrj njrtjs jhbgtghjs mo `egngojs juxgdgjrms ` ^^\\ ` pjrj njrtjs qum d`s ndgmotms hmp`sgtmo mo luz`oms, sg djs njrtjs sm jhbgtmo mo dj `egngoj j trjvçs hm Grgs, mo md pr`nms` hm jhbgsgþo md sgstmbj imomrj md oóbmr` jpjrmngmoh` mstm mo dj mtgqumtj hm erjoqum`. Md oóbmr` hmd movâ` pjrj qum md ndgmotm pumhj fjnmr md smiugbgmot` hmd bgsb` jpjrmnm mo md tgnkmt hm njcj.
J. Njrtj urimotm gotmrojng`ojd Mo dj jhbgsgþo hmshm Grgs sm imomrj uoj mtgqumtj hm erjoqum` mo dj qum jpjrmnm md d`i` hm mxprçs, hgnfj mtgqumtj sm jhfgmrm mo md êoiud` supmrg`r hmrmnf` hmd movâ`, sgmbprm qum smj p`sgldm, pjrj ejngdgtjr dj ndjsgegnjngþo jut`bêtgnj. Djs njrtjs jhbgtghjs bmhgjotm jdljrêo fjo hm trjmr jhfmrghj ` sm dm jhfgmrm uoj mtgqumtj hm —MVQ\M^‒ jd giujd qum fj hm fjnmrsm n`o djs njrtjs jhbgtghjs p`r d`s ^^\\, mstj mtgqumtj fj hm gr mo md êoiud` supmrg`r gzqugmrh` hmd jovmrs` hmd movâ`, sg sm njrmnm hm mstj mtgqumtj sm pumhm msnrglgr dj pjdjlrj —MVQ\M^‒ (mo r`c` y mo bjyósnudjs)
8.5 8. 5 NJ\XJ NM\XG EGN EGNJHJ JHJ ]\IM OX OXM M Dj jhbgsgþo hm mst`s movâ`s sm rmjdgzj d` bgsb` qum md hm njrtj nmrtgegnjhj, tmogmoh` mo numotj sus njrjntmrâstgnjs3 - Êblgt` ¹ Ojng`ojd (Mspjúj, Joh`rrj y Iglrjdtjr). ^m hmlmrê jhfmrgr mo md êoiud` supmrg`r gzqugmrh` dj mtgqumtj N], qum imomrj md sgstmbj mo djs jhbgsg`oms uogtjrgjs, sg dj jhbgsgþo ms bódtgpdm sm jhfmrgrê mo md êoiud` supmrg`r hmrmnf` hmd jovmrs` hmd movâ` dj mtgqumtj hm —NM\XGEGNJH@ ]\IMOXM‒ hmstgojhj jd memnt`. ¹ Gotmrojng`ojd. ^m hmlmrêo jhfmrgr mo md êoiud` supmrg`r gzqugmrh` hmd jovmrs` hmd movâ` dj mtgqumtj \E, qum imomrj md sgstmbj qum jhmbês ddmvj gon`rp`rjh` md d`i` hm —mxprçs‒ pjrj djs jhbgsg`oms uogtjrgjs. ^g dj jhbgsgþo ms bódtgpdm sm jhfmrgrê mo md êoiud` supmrg`r gzqugmrh` hmd jovmrs` hmd movâ` dj mtgqumtj —MVQ\Æ^‒ y dj prmgbprmsj n`o uo Nþhgi` hm Ljrrjs \\. - S`oj : Mur`pj gondughj Ir`modjohgj. Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<6=
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
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- S`oj <3 rmst` hm pjâsms qum jhbgtjo mstm smrvgng` ^mrvgng`s Jhgng`ojdms ¹ Jvgs` hm rmngl` (njrtjs nmrtgegnjhjs)
8.9 8. 9 QJZ DG IF X ^ustgtuym jd N]G. Gohgnjh` pjrj d`s movâ`s hm h`nubmot`s ` bmrnjonâjs hm p`n` pms`, fjstj < ki, mo d`s qum md ndgmotm hmbjohm urimongj mo dj motrmij. - Xgmom trjzjlgdghjh fjstj su motrmij. - N`otmogh` hm p`n` vjd`r qum o` rmqugmrj egrbj mo dj motrmij. - Jd smr uo pr`hunt` hm motrmij sgo egrbj o` numotj n`o ijrjotâj mo njs` hm pçrhghj ` mxtrjvâ`. - Hgbmosg`oms bêxgbjs3 bêxgbjs3 Djri`+jdt`+jonf`2 71 nb, nb, sgo qum dj bjy`r mxnmhj hm 51 nb - Qumhm rmjdgzjrsm H]J hm mxp`rtjngþo pjrj tmrnmr`s pjâsms (dj `pmrjtgvj hmd H]J o` njblgj n`o rmspmnt` j `tr`s movâ`s). - Dj mtgqumtj hmd pjqumtm Dgift ddmvj gon`rp`rjh` gon`rp`rjh` md NO<< nujoh` md vjd`r hm dj bmrnjonâj smj goemrg`r j >9:,== mur`s. - ^g md vjd`r hm dj bmrnjonâj bmrnjonâj tgmom uo vjd`r supmrg`r supmrg`r j >9:,== mur`s sm gbprgbgrê uo NO<> p`r hupdgnjh` qum md ndgmotm fj hm egrbjr.
=. JHBG^GÞO QJZ]MXM\Â QJZ]MXM\ÂJ J IMOÇ\GNJ Mo dj jhbgsgþo hmd Qjqumtm Jzud, Qjq Qrmbgub y Qjq Mstêohjr o` ms omnmsjrg` qum md ndgmotm rmddmom d`s hjt`s mo md B-::J, yj qum md `pmrjh`r tgmom qum irjljrd`s mo md sgstmbj. Jd hjr hm jdtj md movâ` jpjrmnm mo dj tjldmtj hgigtjdgzjh`rj d`s hjt`s hmd movâ`, md ndgmotm vmrgegnj qum s`o n`rrmnt`s, egrbj md n`oe`rbm y dj jnmptjngþo hmd n`ohgng`ojh`. Md oóbmr` hm movâ` d` imomrj md sgstmbj uoj vmz sm fj hjh` hm jdtj mo Grgs. ^g sm vjdghj md B-::J, jpjrmnmo d`s hjt`s irjljh`s p`r md `pmrjh`r y md ndgmotm hmlm egrbjr dj n`oe`rbghjh mo md e`rbudjrg`. ]oj vmz hjh` hm jdtj mo Grgs md movâ`, mo dj mtgqumtj qum imomrj md sgstmbj jpjrmnm md oóbmr`, mstj sm jhfgmrm jd pjqumtm hm e`rbj qum qumhm pmremntjbmotm dmigldm yj qum mo mddj vjo d`s hjt`s omnmsjrg`s pjrj md nurs`, motrmij y smiugbgmot` hmd movâ`. ^g md pjqumtm jzud ms hm ndgmotms n`o n`otrjt` jhbgtgh` p`r jdljrêo, dj mtgqumtj qum hmlm ddmvjr jhfmrghj ms dj mtgqumtj hm Q.Jzud. Nujoh` md movâ` fj sgh` jhbgtgh` mo Grgs y sm fj gbprms` dj mtgqumtj, md sgstmbj imomrj md e`rbudjrg` hgigtjd, pjrj motrmijr jd ndgmotm. ^g o` sm fj smdmnng`ojh` jhbgsgþo n`o hgigtjdgzjngþo, sm vjdghj md B-::J, h`ohm jpjrmnmrêo t`h`s d`s hjt`s irjljh`s mo Grgs3 - Hjt`s rmbgtmotm - Hjt`s Hmstgojtjrg` - Qr`hunt` - Oóbmr` hm movâ` - @egngoj hm jhbgsgþo - Gbp`rtm hmd movâ` - Emnfj hm Jhbgsgþo - Qms` v`dubçtrgn` - Ujd`rms jújhgh`s, sg d`s tgmom.
<65
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
J n`otgoujngþo, sm motrmij md e`rbudjrg` B-::J jd ndgmotm pjrj qum egrbm dj jnmptjngþo hm d`s hjt`s irjljh`s mo md sgstmbj y md n`ohgng`ojh` dmijd. ^g sm fj imomrjh` md e`rbudjrg` hgigtjd, dj egrbj vj mblmlghj yj qum md ndgmotm fj egrbjh` mo dj tjldmtj hgigtjdgzjh`rj.
=.: JHB G^G ÞO HM QJZ]MXM \ÂJ GOX M\O JNG@OJ D ( IMOÇ\GNJ) Qjrj dj jhbgsgþo hm dj pjqumtmrâj Gotmrojng`ojd, md `pmrjh`r irjlj mo Grgs d`s hjt`s n`bpdmt`s hm3 rmbgtmotm, hmstgojtjrg` y n`otmogh` hmd movâ`. Md oóbmr` hmd movâ` d` imomrj md sgstmbj uoj vmz sm fj hjh` hm jdtj mo Grgs. Mo d`s movâ`s hgrgigh`s j ]ogþo Mur`pmj hmshm Qmoâosudj y Ljdmjrms, jd tmrbgojr dj jhbgsgþo, md sgstmbj imomrjrê dj —Mtgqumtj n`bmrngjd n`o hmndjrjngþo hm n`otmogh`‒, qum tjblgço sm gondugrê mo dj l`dsj hm h`nubmotjngþo jhujomrj y vgjcjrê n`o md movâ`, pjrj jsâ p`hmr n`bpr`ljr mo p`r pjrtm hm ^miurghjh md n`otmogh` hmd movâ` sgmbprm qum dj gbjimo hmd msnêomr o` smj ndjrj. ]oj vmz hjh` hm jdtj mo Grgs md movâ`, mo dj mtgqumtj qum imomrj md sgstmbj jpjrmnm md oóbmr`, sm dm jhfgmrm jd pjqumtm hm e`rbj qum qumhm pmremntjbmotm dmigldm, yj qum mo mddj vjo d`s hjt`s omnmsjrg`s pjrj md nurs`, motrmij y smiugbgmot` hmd movâ`. Nujoh` md movâ` fj sgh` jhbgtgh` mo Grgs jpjrmnmo mo dj tjldmtj hgigtjdgzjh`rj d`s hjt`s irjljh`s pjrj qum md ndgmotm d`s vmrgegqum y jnmptm n`o su egrbj. J n`otgoujngþo, sm gbprgbm dj mtgqumtj hmd movâ` y sm imomrj md e`rbudjrg` n`o dj njpturj hm dj egrbj hmd ndgmotm. ^g o` sm fj smdmnng`ojh` dj jhbgsgþo n`o hgigtjdgzjngþo ms omnmsjrg` vjdghjr md B-::g, h`ohm jpjrmnmrêo t`h`s d`s hjt`s irjljh`s mo Grgs3 - Hjt`s rmbgtmotm. - Hjt`s hmstgojtjrg`. - Qr`hunt`. - Oóbmr` hm movâ`. - @egngoj hm jhbgsgþo. - Emnfj hm jhbgsgþo. - Qms` v`dubçtrgn`. Ms `ldgijt`rg` prmsmotjr md B-::g B-::g jd ndgmotm pjrj qum egrbm dj jnmptjngþo hm d`s hjt`s hjt`s irjljh`s mo md sgstmbj y md n`ohgng`ojh` hmd smrvgng`.
=.< =. < JH JHBG BG^G ^GÞO ÞO QJ QJZ Z :1-:8 -<8 Nujoh` uo ndgmotm hmsmj qum sus movâ`s (h`nubmot`s ` bmrnjonâjs) smjo motrmijh`s n`o dj bêxgbj urimongj, tmomb`s dj p`sglgdghjh hm `ermnmrdm qum d`s movâm, smióo md hmstgo` y urimongj mo dj motrmij, p`r djs sgiugmotms b`hjdghjhms3 - Movâ`s ojng`ojdms3 Qjq:1, Qjq:8 ` Qjq<8 f`rjs. ¹ Md Qjq :1 tgmom n`bpr`bgs` n`bpr`bgs` hm pumstj j hgsp`sgngþo hmd ndgmotm jd sgiugmotm hâj djl`rjldm hm su jhbgsgþo, jotms hm djs :1 hm dj bjújoj. ¹ Md Qjq :8 tgmom n`bpr`bgs` n`bpr`bgs` hm pumstj j hgsp`sgngþo hmd ndgmotm, jotms hm hm djs :8 f`rjs hmd sgiugmotm hâj djl`rjldm hm su jhbgsgþo. ¹ Md Qjq <8 tgmom n`bpr`bgs` n`bpr`bgs` hm pumstj pumstj j hgsp`sgngþo hgsp`sgngþo hmd ndgmotm, ndgmotm, jd sgiugmotm hâj djl`rjldm jd hm su jhbgsgþo. - Movâ`s gotmrojng`ojdms3 N`o mbljdjcms dglrm smrvgng` smrvgng` y Qjq <8 pjrj pjrj Q`rtuijd.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<69
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
Md sgstmbj goe`rbj hm dj emnfj mstgbjhj hm trêosgt`. Mo dj pjotjddj hm jhbgsgþo, jd smdmnng`ojr dj d`njdghjh hm hmstgo`, jpjrmnm uo bmosjcm gohgnjoh` md hâj hm motrmij. Qjrj qum sm nubpdj n`o mstj njdghjh hmlmo fjlmr sgh` jhbgtgh`s jotms hm3 - :9 f`rjs mo `egngojs qum tmoijo turo` hm tjrhm. - :8 f`rjs mo `egngojs qum tmoijo turo` hm bjújoj. Njhj `egngoj hmlm sjlmr nþb` sm nursjo mst`s movâ`s, jd jlrgr dj jpdgnjngþo hm N`rrm`s Mxprmss mstê gohgnjh` mo dj pjotjddj. Qjrj jhbgtgr mstm tgp` hm movâ`s sm jnnmhm j dj jpdgnjngþo hm N`rrm`s Mxprmss hmshm dj pêigoj prgongpjd hm Grgs fjngmoh` dj ddjbjhj j trjvçs hm ddjbjhjs mxtmrojs. ]oj vmz mo dj jpdgnjngþo, sm pumhm mdmigr md pjâs hm hmstgo`3 Mspjúj ` Q`rtuijd. J n`otgoujngþo, sm gotr`hunmo nþhgi` p`stjd hm hmstgo`, oóbmr` hm ludt`s, pms`, pms` v`dubçtrgn` y dj jpdgnjngþo hmvumdvm md gbp`rtm hmd movâ` smióo smj3 Qjq:1, :8 ` <8, (sg sm mdgim n`b` hmstgo` Q`rtuijd, md óogn` pr`hunt` qum sm jntgvj ms md Qjq <8) y uoj vmz mdmigh` md pr`hunt` p`r md ndgmotm sm pjsj j irjljr d`s hjt`s. ^m irjljo d`s hjt`s hm rmbgtmotm y hmstgojtjrg` (mo md njbp` tmdçe`o` hmd hmstgojtjrg` sm pumhm gotr`hungr uo oóbmr` hm tmdçe`o` egc`). ^gmbprm sm fj hm irjljr md tmdçe`o` hm rmbgtmotm y hmstgojtjrg` pjrj p`hmr s`dvmotjr, sgo pmrhmr emnfj, nujdqugmr gonghmongj mo dj motrmij. ^m pumhmo irjljr ngon` ludt`s p`r mxpmhgngþo, n`o uo pms` t`tjd hm :11 kgd`s y pms` uogtjrg` bêxgb` >1. Md pms` o` sm njpturj hm dj Mpmdsj jut`bêtgnjbmotm, yj qum sm trjtj hm uoj jpdgnjngþo mxtmroj j Grgs. ^mrvgng`s jhgng`ojdms qum pumhmo tmomr3 - \mmbl`ds`. Qumhm jhbgtgrsm fjstj uo vjd`r hm <.877 ₤ p`r mxpmhgngþo, dj e`rbj hm jl`o` jd rmbgtmotm sgmbprm smrê p`r numotj n`rrgmotm, p`r d` qum ms gbprmsngohgldm irjljr md oóbmr` hm numotj hm goirms`. - ^miur`. Qumhm jsmiurjrsm dj mxpmhgngþo p`r uo vjd`r hm fjstj fjstj 5.111 ₤. - Motrmij mo sêljh`, sþd` pjrj md Qjq :8 ^m pumhmo jhbgtgr movâ`s hgrgigh`s j 3 - Jpjrtjh`s hm N`rrm`s3 pjrj mdd` sm bjrnj bjrnj mstj `pngþo mo dj jpdgnjngþo y sm gotr`hunm md oóbmr` hm jpjrtjh` y nþhgi` p`stjd hm hmstgo` y dj jpdgnjngþo hmvumdvm dj `egngoj mo dj qum sm monumotrj md jpjrtjh`. - NMOX\@ QMOGXMONGJ\G@3 nujoh` d`s movâ`s ddmvmo n`b` hgrmnngþo uo Nmotr` pmogtmongjrg`, hmlm hmtjddjrsm mo md njbp` @lsmrvjng`oms3 dj n`otrjsmúj ` ndjvm hmd gotmro` (qum hmlmrê ejngdgtjr md rmbgtmotm) y jhvmrtgr jd rmbgtmotm qum fjy jdiuo`s nmotr`s pmogtmongjrg`s qum o` jhbgtmo movâ`s. ^gmbprm hmlm irjljrsm md tmdçe`o` hmd rmbgtmotm. O` sm pumhmo mbgtgr movâ`s n`o hmstgo` Dgstj hm N`rrm`s.
J. Irjljngþo hjt`s Dj jpdgnjngþo tm s`dgngtjrê uoj smrgm hm hjt`s `ldgijt`rg`s, n`o d`s qum sm rmjdgzjrê md nêdnud` hmd prmng` hmd movâ`3 - Jpjrtjh`s p`stjdms3 jpjrtjh` jpjrtjh` p`stjd jd qum sm vj j movgjr md movâ`. Mstj `pngþo pmrbgtm qum md hmstgojtjrg` hmd movâ` smj uo jpjrtjh` p`stjd. - Qjâs3 pjâs jd nujd sm vj j rmjdgzjr rmjdgzjr md movâ`. ^g su sunursjd `ermnm smrvgng`s gotmrojng`ojdms, gotmrojng`ojdms, p`hrê smdmnng`ojr nujdqugmr pjâs. - N. Q`stjd Q`stjd / D`njdghjh3 nþhgi` nþhgi` p`stjd ` d`njdghjh qum gohgqum md rmbgtmotm. - Ludt`s3 oóbmr` hm ludt`s hmd movâ`. - N`o mbljdjcm3 s`lrm ` njcj hm mbljdjcm n`rp`rjtgv`; sg smdmnng`oj mstj `pngþo, md pms` y d`s ludt`s hmd movâ` o` smrêo omnmsjrg`s.
<66
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
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Qms`3 pms` mo irjb`s hmd movâ`. Bmhghjs Jdt`/Jonf`/E`oh`3 bmhghjs hmd pjqumtm ` dj bmrnjonâj qum sm hmsmj trjosp`rtjr, mxprmsjhjs mo nmotâbmtr`s. Gotr`hungr d`s hjt`s lêsgn`s pjrj rmjdgzjr dj ^gbudjngþo. ^g md ndgmotm fj `ptjh` p`r dj `pngþo hm —n`o mbljdjcm‒, o` fjrê ejdtj rmddmojr d`s ludt`s y md pms` hmd movâ`, pumst` qum Mst`s yj sm fjo hmegogh` smióo dj `pngþo hmsmjhj. D`s hjt`s hmd rmbgtmotm j nubpdgbmotjr smrêo3 - Xde. Bþvgd3 tmdçe`o` bþvgd hmd rmbgtmotm. Mstm hjt` qumhjrê rmigstrjh`, p`r d` qum nujoh` tmoij qum rmjdgzjr uo oumv` movâ` hmd bgsb` rmbgtmotm, n`o gotr`hungrd` md sgstmbj b`strjrê md rmst` hm dj goe`rbjngþo. - O`blrm3 o`blrm hmd rmbgtmotm. - N`otjnt`3 pmrs`oj hm n`otjnt`. - M-bjgd3 n`rrm` mdmntrþogn` hmd rmbgtmotm. - N. Q`stjd/D`njdghjh3 Nþhgi` Q`stjd hmd rmbgtmotm. - Hgrmnngþo y Oóbmr`3 h`bgngdg` hmd rmbgtmotm. - O`tjs3 goe`rbjngþo jhgng`ojd - @nudtjr hjt`s hmd rmbgtmotm mo mtgqumtj3 sg smdmnng`oj mstj `pngþo, d`s hjt`s hmd rmbgtmotm o` jpjrmnmrêo mo dj mtgqumtj hmd movâ`. D`s hjt`s hmd hmstgojtjrg` j nubpdgbmotjr smrêo3 - Xde. Bþvgd3 tmdçe`o` bþvgd hmd hmstgojtjrg`. - O`blrm3 o`blrm hmd hmstgojtjrg`. - N`otjnt`3 pmrs`oj hm n`otjnt`. - M-bjgd3 n`rrm` mdmntrþogn` hmd hmstgojtjrg`. - N. Q`stjd/D`njdghjh3 Nþhgi` Q`stjd hmd hmstgojtjrg`. - Hgrmnngþo y Oóbmr`3 h`bgngdg` hmd hmstgojtjrg`. - Nþhgi` N`otjnt`3 mstj `pngþo pmrbgtm iujrhjr d`s hmstgojtjrg`s qum hmsmm, qum qumhjrêo rmigstrjh`s n`b` n`otjnt`s. Qjrj mdd` sþd` fj hm gotr`hungr lgmo uo oóbmr` pjrj ghmotgegnjr md n`otjnt` (:, <, >...o) ` su nþhgi` p`stjd y pudsjr —Iujrhjr N`otjnt`‒. Qjrj rmnupmrjr uo n`otjnt` iujrhjh` prmvgjbmotm, sþd` fj hm gotr`hungr ` md Nþhgi` hm N`otjnt` ` md Nþhgi` Q`stjd y smdmnng`ojr dj dupj Qjrj s`dgngtjr dj ejnturj sm fjnm jd tmrbgojr dj irjljngþo hmd movâ`, jbpdgjoh` d`s hjt`s qum s`dgngtm dj jpdgnjngþo pjrj p`hmr mxpmhgrdj, y sm imomrj jut`bêtgnjbmotm p`r dj gbprms`rj hmd sgstmbj, p`r d` qum md ndgmotm sm dj ddmvj mo md b`bmot`. ^g jd jhbgtgr md movâ` sm `dvghj s`dgngtjr dj ejnturj, sm pumhm s`dgngtjr j p`stmrg`rg hmshm dj jpdgnjngþo, sgiugmoh` djs gostrunng`oms hmd bjoujd hm usujrg`3 EJNX]\J^ HM MOUÂ@^, qum jpjrmnm jrrglj mo dj pjotjddj hm dj jpdgnjngþo, n`b` md rmst` hm bjoujdms. ^g md ndgmotm dj s`dgngtj y sm dm mxtrjvâj tjblgço sm pumhm v`dvmr j s`dgngtjr, giujdbmotm djs gostrunng`oms mstêo mo md bjoujd. ]oj vmz irjljh`s t`h`s d`s hjt`s y n`bpr`ljh`s n`o md ndgmotm qum s`o n`rrmnt`s, sm jhbgtm md movâ` y sm movâj dj `rhmo hm gbprmsgþo hm dj mtgqumtj j dj gbprms`rj hm mtgqumtjs. ^m gbprgbmo tjotjs mtgqumtjs n`b` ludt`s tmoij dj mxpmhgngþo. J n`otgoujngþo, sm gbprgbm md rmsiujrh` p`r qum sm motrmij jd ndgmotm. ^g nujoh` sm fj gbprms` dj mtgqumtj, sm n`bprumlj qum fjy jdióo mrr`r, mxgstm dj `pngþo hm b`hgegnjr y v`dvmr j gbprgbgr uoj oumvj mtgqumtj y rmsiujrh`. ^m n`bprumlj n`o md ndgmotm qum t`h`s d`s hjt`s s`o n`rrmnt`s. Hm oumv` fjy qum pudsjr —Irjljr Movâ`‒, jpjrmnm mo pjotjddj uo bmosjcm qum gohgnj qum sm fj movgjh` md rmsiujrh` j dj gbprms`rj y qum, j n`otgoujngþoo, sm gbprgbgrê dj mtgqumtj.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<67
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
^`d` sm gbprgbm uoj n`pgj hmd rmsiujrh` qum sm motrmij jd ndgmotm, dj `egngoj o` tgmom qum qumhjrsm n`o ogoióoo rmsiujrh`. ]oj vmz jhbgtgh` md movâ`, jut`bêtgnjbmotm dj jpdgnjngþo imomrj uoj `rhmo hm rmn`ighj mo N`rrm`s Mxprmss, qum dj rmp`rtj tjblgço hm e`rbj jut`bêtgnj jd rutmr` qum tmoij jsgiojhj msj `egngoj. Ouonj hmlmrêo pjsjr j rmn`imr d`s movâ`s jotms hm dj f`rj hm njdghjh, ms hmngr, djs :9 f`rjs ` djs :8 f`rjs. Md nurs` hm d`s movâ`s ms hgemrmotm smióo md f`rjrg` hm dj `egngoj3 - X`hjs djs `egngojs n`o turo` hm tjrhm, d`s movâ`s s`o rmn`igh` p`r pmrs`ojd hm N`rrm`s Mxprmss. - Djs `egngojs hm njpgtjd hm pr`vgongj n`o turo` hm bjújoj tjblgço s`o rmn`ighjs p`r pmrs`ojd hm N`rrm`s Mxprmss, sgmbprm jotms hm djs := f`rjs. Mo mstjs `egngojs sg ddmijhj mstj f`rj o` fj pjsjh` md rutmr` hm N`rrm`s Mxprmss, —mxtrj`rhgojrgjbmotm‒ sm nursjrêo p`r dj rutj pr`vgongjd hm N`rrm`s, pjrj jsmiurjr qum o` pgmrhmo emnfj hm njdghjh. - \mst` hm `egngojs n`o turo` hm bjújoj, sm nursjo nursjo d`s movâ`s j trjvçs hm dj rutj pr`vgongjd hm N`rrm`s. N`b` sm fj gohgnjh`, njhj `egngoj hmlm sjlmr nþb` sm nursjo mst`s movâ`s yj qum jd jlrgr dj jpdgnjngþo hm N`rrm`s Mxprmss mstê gohgnjh` mo dj pjotjddj. Djs `egngojs qum nursjo d`s movâ`s p`r dj rutj pr`vgongjd hm N`rrm`s, d`s gondugrêo mo uo n`otmomh`r mxndusgv`, ghmotgegnêoh`d`s pmremntjbmotm n`o dj mtgqumtj mxndusgvj hm N`rrm`s Mxprmss. D`s movâ`s sm n`otmomrgzjrêo n`otmomrgzjrêo mo ljohmcjs ` jd hmsnulgmrt` smióo tjbjú`, tjbjú`, mo mst`s mst`s sm jhfmrgrê uoj mtgqumtj hm Nfr`o` nmrnj hm dj mtgqumtj hm hgrmnngþo pjrj qum pumhjo smr d`njdgzjh`s n`o ejngdghjh mo d`s nmotr`s hm trjtjbgmot`.
=.> =. > QJ QJZ Z \M \MX@\ X@\O@ O@ N`rrm`s mstê p`tmongjoh` dj irjo njpgdjrghjh hm su rmh hm `egngojs mo dj njptjngþo hm movâ`s hm d`iâstgnj govmrsj, pjrj movâ`s qum fjo sgh` prmvgjbmotm nursjh`s p`r N`rrm`s u `tr`s `pmrjh`rms, giujdbmotm mstm smibmot` trjljcj movâ`s imomrjh`s p`r pjrtgnudjrms n`o hmstgo` mbprmsjs n`o n`otrjt` qum sm fjnmo njri` hm d`s ijst`s. Mo su dâomj hm goo`vjngþo n`ostjotm N`rrm`s fj nrmjh` h`s pr`hunt`s3 Qjq \mt`ro` y Qjq \mt`ro` Qrmbgub.
J. Qjq \mt`ro` ^mrvgng` mspmngjdbmotm moe`njh` pjrj jqumddjs mbprmsjs mo djs qum o` ms omnmsjrg` vgonudjr md trjnkgoi hm dj hmv`dungþo hmd ndgmotm jd hmd movâ` hm dj vmotj gogngjd.
j. @pngþo J3 \mt`ro` hm Qjqumtmrâj n`o Qrmrmigstr` -
Qjrj movâ`s s`d` hm vumdtj, dj mbprmsj imomrjrê imomrjrê dj Goe`rbjngþo hmd hmd movâ` hm Uumdtj mo md b`bmot` qum hmsmm. - Qdjz` hm vjdghmz hmd nþhgi` hm movâ` n`oegiurjldm3 Fjstj uo pdjz` bêxgb` bêxgb` hm 5 bmsms. - Hgsp`oglgdghjh hm Mbljdjcms3 dj mbprmsj p`hrê p`omr j hgsp`sgngþo hm sus ndgmotms d`s mbljdjcms hm N`rrm`s pjrj dj hmv`dungþo hm dj Bmrnjonâj. Md ndgmotm dm s`dgngtj j su mbprmsj dj hmv`dungþo hm uo movâ` j trjvçs hmd sgstmbj prmmstjldmngh` p`r mddj bgsbj (Yml, mbjgd, ^B^...). Dj mbprmsj jut`rgzj dj hmv`dungþo n`o uoj rmemrmongj óognj y rmigstrj t`h`s d`s hjt`s hmd movâ`. Hmspuçs o`tgegnjrê md Nþhgi` ` dj mtgqumtj hm movâ` j su ndgmotm. Qjq \mt`ro` y Qjq \mt`ro` Qrmbgub mstêo mspmngjdbmotm hgsmújh`s pjrj qum djs mbprmsjs qum trjljcjo mo md buoh` `odgom, pumhjo ijrjotgzjr j sus ndgmotms uoj mxnmdmotm p`dâtgnj hm hmv`dung`oms y njblg`s. Dj mbprmsj imomrj uo egnfmr` hm prmrmigstr`s n`o d`s movâ`s n`rrmsp`ohgmotms j djs hmv`dung`oms s`dgngtjhjs fjstj msm b`bmot`, qum mstjrêo hgsp`ogldms mo N`rrm`s pjrj smr jhbgtghjs md hâj sgiugmotm.
<71
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
Dj mbprmsj p`hrê imomrjr d`s movâ`s p`r @U<, IMN@, Egnfmr` hm Njrij ` Yml ^mrvgnms. Mo mstm puot` sm gohgnjrê md Qdjz` hm Ujdghmz hmd movâ` y sg sm jut`rgzj md us` hm Mbljdjcm. Md ndgmotm sm hgrgim j nujdqugmr `egngoj hm N`rrm`s n`o md movâ` y md Nþhgi` hm movâ` mtgqumtj hm movâ` imomrjhj p`r dj mbprmsj. Jd gotr`hungr hgnf` nþhgi`, sm rmnupmrjo d`s hjt`s hmd movâ`. Mo dj `egngoj sm vjdghjo d`s hjt`s y md pms`, y sm gbprgbm dj mtgqumtj hmd movâ` (sg eumrj omnmsjrg`) y md rmsiujrh` hm jhbgsgþo. Q`r ódtgb`, sm jhbgtm md movâ`. Mo njs` hm hgsnrmpjongj motrm md pms` gohgnjh` mo dj mtgqumtj hmd ndgmotm y md pms` rmjd, sm pr`nmhmrê j rmmtgqumtjr md movâ` n`o uoj mtgqumtj imomrjhj p`r G\G^ mo dj qum egiurm md pms` rmjd hmd bgsb`
l. @pngþo L3 \mt`ro` hm Qjqumtmrâj sgo Qrmrmigstr` Qjrj movâ`s s`d` hm vumdtj, dj mbprmsj imomrj dj mtgqumtj y md ndgmotm vj n`o dj mtgqumtj gbprmsj pjrj su jhbgsgþo mo dj `egngoj. N`o mstj b`hjdghjh o` ms n`oegiurjldm md pmrg`h` hm vjdghmz, dj mtgqumtj o` njhunjrâj mo ogoióo b`bmot`. Dj mbprmsj imomrj djs mtgqumtjs sgiugmoh` dj mstrunturj gohgnjhj p`r N`rrm`s, y djs hgstrgluym j sus ndgmotms p`r vâj eâsgnj ` tmdmbêtgnj. Md ndgmotm prmsmotj md movâ` n`o dj mtgqumtj gbprmsj mo nujdqugmr @egngoj hm N`rrm`s. Mo dj @egngoj sm n`bpr`ljrê dj jutmotgnghjh hmd movâ` y qum su mbprmsj jut`rgzj mxprmsjbmotm mstm smrvgng`. ^m pr`nmhmrê j irjljr t`h`s d`s hjt`s hm movâ` y sm vjdghjrêo d`s hjt`s hm pms` y pms` v`dubçtrgn`. ^g dj mtgqumtj mstuvgmrj hjújhj sm pr`nmhmrâj j rmmtgqumtjr md movâ`. ^m imomrjrê uo rmsiujrh` hm jhbgsgþo. ^m jhbgtm md movâ`.
n. Ujd`rms jújhgh`s -
Qdjz` hm vjdghmz hmd nþhgi` hm movâ` n`oegiurjldm (s`d` pjrj Qjq \mt`ro` n`o prm rmigstr`)3 fjstj uo pdjz` bêxgb` hm 5 bmsms. Hgsp`oglgdghjh hm Mbljdjcms3 dj mbprmsj p`hrê p`omr j hgsp`sgngþo hm sus ndgmotms d`s mbljdjcms hm N`rrm`s pjrj dj hmv`dungþo hm dj Bmrnjonâj. ^miur` X`h` \gmsi`3 d`s movâ`s hmd Qjq \mt`ro` pumhmo pumhmo jsmiurjrsm. \mmbl`ds` (Qji` mo dj jhbgsgþo)3 dj mbprmsj pumhm s`dgngtjr qum md movâ` hm Qjq\mt`ro` imomrm uo pji` mo dj jhbgsgþo mo `egngoj hm N`rrm`s p`r pjrtm hmd ndgmotm qum qugmrm rmjdgzjr dj hmv`dungþo, pjrj goirmsjrd` mo su numotj y p`r mcmbpd`, nulrgr md n`stm hmd p`rtm hmd movâ`. Md gbp`rtm bêxgb` ms hm :.111₤.
L. QJZ QJZ \MX@\ O@ Q\M BG]B Md bêxgb` n`otr`d hm sus movâ`s, js`ngjoh` md trjnkgoi hm dj hmv`dungþo hmd ndgmotm, jd trjnkgoi hmd movâ` hm dj vmotj qum rmjdgzþ gogngjdbmotm.
j. @pngþo J3 Imomrjngþo hmd movâ` hm vumdtj cuot` jd movâ` hm ghj Dj mbprmsj imomrjrê md movâ` hm ghj y md movâ` hm vumdtj jd bgsb` tgmbp`. Q`hrê imomrjrd` bmhgjotm @U<, IMN@, Egnfmr` hm Njrij ` Yml ^mrvgnms. Qdjz` hm vjdghmz hmd nþhgi` hm movâ` n`oegiurjldm3 fjstj uo pdjz` bêxgb` hm 5 bmsms. Hgsp`oglgdghjh hm Mbljdjcms3 dj mbprmsj p`hrê p`omr j hgsp`sgngþo hm sus ndgmotms d`s mbljdjcms hm N`rrm`s pjrj dj hmv`dungþo hm dj Bmrnjonâj. Dj mbprmsj imomrj md movâ` hm Ghj bmhgjotm @U<, IMN@, Egnfmr` hm Njrij ` Yml ^mrvgnms, y j su vmz imomrj md movâ` hm vumdtj. Mo mstm puot` sm gohgnjrê md Qdjz` hm Ujdghmz hmd movâ` y sg sm jut`rgzj md us` hm Mbljdjcm.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<7:
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
Md ndgmotm s`dgngtj j su mbprmsj dj hmv`dungþo hmd movâ` p`r md sgstmbj prmmstjldmngh` p`r dj mbprmsj (Yml, bjgd, ^B^…). Dj mbprmsj jut`rgzj dj hmv`dungþo y o`tgegnjrê md Nþhgi` ` dj mtgqumtj hm movâ` j su ndgmotm. Md ndgmotm sm hgrgim j nujdqugmr `egngoj hm N`rrm`s n`o md movâ` y md Nþhgi` hm movâ` ` mtgqumtj hm mstm imomrjhj p`r dj mbprmsj. Jd gotr`hungr hgnf` nþhgi`, sm rmnupmrjo d`s hjt`s hmd movâ`. Mo dj `egngoj sm vjdghjo d`s hjt`s y pms`, y sm gbprgbm dj mtgqumtj hmd movâ` (sg eumrj omnmsjrg`) y md rmsiujrh` hm jhbgsgþo. ^m jhbgtm md movâ`. Mo njs` hm hgsnrmpjongj motrm md pms` gohgnjh` mo dj mtgqumtj hmd ndgmotm y md pms` rmjd, sm pr`nmhmrê j rmmtgqumtjr md movâ` n`o uoj mtgqumtj imomrjhj p`r G\G^ mo dj qum egiurm md pms` rmjd hmd bgsb`.
l. @pngþo L3 Imomrjngþo hmd movâ` hm vumdtj mo nujdqugmr b`bmot` -
Dj mbprmsj imomrjrê md movâ` movâ` hm vumdtj mo md b`bmot` b`bmot` qum hmsmm, gohgnjoh` md md movâ` hm ghj js`ngjh`. Q`hrê imomrjrd` bmhgjotm @U<, IMN@, Egnfmr` hm Njrij ` Yml ^mrvgnms. - Qdjz` hm vjdghmz hmd nþhgi` hm movâ` n`oegiurjldm3 fjstj uo pdjz` bêxgb` bêxgb` hm 5 bmsms. Hgsp`oglgdghjh hm Mbljdjcms, dj mbprmsj p`hrê p`omr j hgsp`sgngþo hm sus ndgmotms d`s mbljdjcms hm N`rrm`s pjrj dj hmv`dungþo hm dj Bmrnjonâj. - Md ndgmotm s`dgngtj s`dgngtj j su mbprmsj dj hmv`dungþo hmd movâ` p`r md sgstmbj prmmstjldmngh` p`r dj mbprmsj (Yml, bjgd, ^B^…). Dj mbprmsj jut`rgzj dj hmv`dungþo n`o uoj rmemrmongj óognj y rmigstrj t`h`s d`s hjt`s hmd movâ`. Hmspuçs o`tgegnjrê md Nþhgi` ` dj mtgqumtj hm movâ` j su ndgmotm. Dj mbprmsj imomrj uo egnfmr` hm prm-rmigstr`s n`o d`s movâ`s n`rrmsp`ohgmotms j djs hmv`dung`oms, qum mstjrêo hgsp`ogldms mo N`rrm`s pjrj smr jhbgtghjs md hâj sgiugmotm. Dj mbprmsj p`hrê imomrjr d`s movâ`s p`r @U<, IMN@, Egnfmr` hm Njrij ` Yml ^mrvgnms. Mo mstm puot` sm gohgnjrê md Qdjz` hm Ujdghmz hmd movâ` y sg sm jut`rgzj md us` hm Mbljdjcm. Jd hâj sgiugmotm, md ndgmotm sm hgrgim j nujdqugmr `egngoj hm N`rrm`s n`o md movâ` y md Nþhgi` hm movâ` ` mtgqumtj hm movâ` imomrjh` p`r su mbprmsj. Jd gotr`hungr hgnf` nþhgi`, sm rmnupmrjo d`s hjt`s hmd movâ`. Mo dj `egngoj sm vjdghjo d`s hjt`s y pms`, y sm gbprgbm dj mtgqumtj hmd movâ` (sg eumrj omnmsjrg`) y md rmsiujrh` hm jhbgsgþo. Q`r ódtgb`, sm jhbgtm md movâ`.
n. Ujd`rms jújhgh`s -
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<7<
Qdjz` hm vjdghmz hmd nþhgi` hm movâ` n`oegiurjldm3 fjstj uo pdjz` bêxgb` hm 5 bmsms. bmsms. Hm mstj bjomrj, dj mbprmsj pumhm hmnghgr md pdjz` hm tgmbp` qum `t`rij j sus ndgmotms pjrj p`hmr rmjdgzjr uoj hmv`dungþo. Hgsp`oglgdghjh hm Mbljdjcms3 dj mbprmsj p`hrê p`omr j hgsp`sgngþo hm sus ndgmotms d`s mbljdjcms hm N`rrm`s pjrj dj hmv`dungþo hm dj Bmrnjonâj. ^miur` X`h` \gmsi`3 D`s movâ`s hmd Qjq \mt`ro` Qrmbgub pumhmo jsmiurjrsm. \mmbl`ds` (Qji` mo dj jhbgsgþo)3 Dj mbprmsj pumhm s`dgngtjr qum md movâ` hm Qjq \mt`ro` Qrmbgub imomrm uo pji` mo dj jhbgsgþo mo `egngoj hm N`rrm`s p`r pjrtm hmd ndgmotm qum qugmrm rmjdgzjr dj hmv`dungþo, pjrj goirmsjrd` mo su numotj y p`r mcmbpd`, rmpmrnutgr md n`stm hmd p`rtm hmd movâ`. Md gbp`rtm bêxgb` ms hm :.111₤. Motrmij n`o \mn`ighj3 Qmrbgtm j nujdqugmr mbprmsj hgsp`omr hm uoj s`dungþo pjrj dj motrmij y rmn`ighj sgbudtêomj hm nujdqugmr tgp` hm h`nubmotjngþo ` bmrnjonâj, n`o dj p`sglgdghjh hm rmjdgzjr nujdqugmr jnngþo jhgng`ojd.
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
=.8 =. 8 QJ QJZ Z LG LGNG NGNDM NDM XJ J. Jhbgsgþo Qjrj jhbgtgr uo Qjq Lgngndmtj sm fjo hm rmjdgzjr h`s pjs`s3 :) Umotj hmd mbljdjcm3 mbljdjcm3 Njcj lgngndmtj <) Jhbgsgþo hm uo Qjq Mstêohjr (dglrm hm smrvgng`) Jnnmhmb`s j dj pjotjddj hm jhbgsgþo hm —movâ`s p`stjdms‒ mo G\G^, y hmotr` hm mstj j dj jhbgsgþo hm Qjq Mstêohjr p`ogmoh` uo pms` hm <1 kgd`s. J n`otgoujngþo, sm smdmnng`oj Qjnk dglrm smrvgng` y sm mdgim3 Qjq Lgngndmtj 9<. Jd mdmigrd`, njblgj md gbp`rtm hmd smiur` j >11 ₤ y sm jlrm uo hmspdmijldm hm Xgmbp` mo dgstj n`o vjrgjs `png`oms. Q`r hmemnt`, s`o d`s := hâjs hmd Qjq Mstêohjr, pmr` n`b` `pngþo tmohrê <1, >1 ` 51 hâjs hm pmrbjomongj mo Dgstj, nujoh` mdgcj uo` u `tr` pmrâ`h`, md prmng` hmd Qjq lgngndmtj sm gonrmbmotjrê smióo dj tjrgej hmd pmrâ`h` hm pmrbjomongj mo dgstj. Mdgigmoh` md pmrâ`h` hm := hâjs3 Md prmng` sm bjotgmom. Dj tjrgej qum jpjrmnm mo dj jhbgsgþo hmd Qjq lgngndmtj 9< ms dj `ltmoghj hm rmstjr jd t`tjd md gbp`rtm hmd mbljdjcm, hm tjd e`rbj qum uoj vmz jhbgtgh` md Qjq hm dglrm smrvgng`, jd n`lrjr dj l`dsj o`s jpjrmnmrêo d`s n`onmpt`s j n`lrjr. Mo md njs` hm fjlmr mdmigh` mdmi gh` nujdqugmr `tr` tgmbp` hm pmrbjomongj mo dgstj mo md hmsid`sm hm dj l`dsj jpjrmnmrê md gbp`rtm hm dj tjrgej hmd tgmbp` mdmigh`.
L. Gotmrojng`ojd Dj jhbgsgþo sm rmjdgzj hmshm dj pjotjddj hm Qjqumtm gotmrojng`ojd Mn`oþbgn`. ]oj vmz sm p`oij md pms` hm <1 kgd`s, sm hmspdmijrê dj p`sglgdghjh hm nfmk hm Qjnk Dglrm ^mrvgng` h`ohm mdmigrmb`s. —QJZ lgngndmtj mn`oþbgn` Q`rtuijd‒, ` Erjongj ` \mst` mo euongþo hmd pjâs mdmigh`. Mo mstm njs` o` sm hmspdmijrê ogoiuoj `pngþo hm pmrbjomongj mo dgstj, bjrnêoh`sm md gbp`rtm hmd smiur` hm >11 ₤. ^m n`bpdmtjo djs pmstjújs hm Hmstgojtjrg` y \mbgtmotm y dj hm n`otmogh` hmd movâ`. Jd o` fjlmr mo md hmspdmijldm hm hmsnrgpngþo hm n`otmogh` lgngndmtj, sm mdmigrê —Jrtânud`s hmp`rtgv`s‒.
=.= J HBG ^GÞ O MZ] GQJCM^ \MO EM Md smrvgng` sm pumhm n`otrjtjr y b`hgegnjr j trjvçs hm dj wml www.rmoem.n`b fjstj djs :< f`rjs hmd hâj djl`rjldm jotmrg`r j dj emnfj hm rmn`ighj hmd mqugpjcm, m qugpjcm, y md ndgmotm smdmnng`oj md puot` hm rmn`ighj y motrmij3 uo h`bgngdg`, uoj `egngoj hm N`rrm`s, uo f`tmd, uoj mstjngþo hm emrr`njrrgd ` jddâ h`ohm hmsmm. Djs bjdmtjs sm jhbgtmo, n`b` bêxgb`, fjstj h`s f`rjs jotms hm dj sjdghj hmd trmo. Jd rmjdgzjr dj ejnturjngþo sm dm imomrj uoj rmemrmongj qum ms dj qum sm omnmsgtj mo dj `egngoj pjrj rmjdgzjr dj jhbgsgþo.
J. @egngoj hm jhbgsgþo Mstm tgp` hm movâ`s pjrj djs `egngojs s`o movâ`s prmrrmigstrjh`s hm jhbgsgþo p`r rmemrmongj. Qumhmo smr movâ`s3 b`o`ludt` ` budtgludt`, fjstj vmgotgsgmtm movâ`s n`o uoj rmemrmongj. Md smrvgng` hm \MOEM Mqugpjcms pmrbgtm n`otrjtjr md movâ` hm mqugpjcm n`ovmong`ojd n`b` bjdmtjs, b`nfgdjs ` l`ds`s hm bjo`, n`o uojs bmhghjs bêxgbjs hm :=1 x 91 x =1 nb y uo pms` bêxgb` hm <= kgd`s p`r ludt`, md v`dubçtrgn` o` ms omnmsjrg` rmjdgzjrd`. Md tjbjú` y e`rbj hm d`s movâ`s pumhm r`bpmr d`s msqumbjs p`r su vjrgmhjh, pumhmo smr uoj bjdmtj, uo`s skgms, uo njrrgt` hm lmlm, mtn., pmr` sâ hmlmo mstjr lgmo mbljdjh`s. J dj `egngoj pumhmo ddmijr d`s mqugpjcms p`r h`s vâjs3
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<7>
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
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Md bgsb` ndgmotm sm prmsmotj prmsmotj mo dj `egngoj n`o md mqugpjcm, pjrj rmbgtgrd` j trjvçs hm N`rrm`s uoj vmz d` fj ejnturjh` mo dj wml hm \MOEM jd n`bprjr su lgddmtm, hmlm p`rtjr uoj rmemrmongj, sgo mstj rmemrmongj o` sm pumhm jhbgtgr. Q`r md pmrs`ojd pmrs`ojd hm hgstrglungþo hgstrglungþo qum fjyj rmn`igh` mo md h`bgngdg` hmd ndgmotm md mqugpjcm y d` fj hm trjmr n`o dj mtgqumtj hm Qjq Qrmbgub ` jhcuotjr jd mqugpjcm dj rmemrmongj qum sm dm imomrþ jd ndgmotm mo md b`bmot` hm rmjdgzjr dj ejnturjngþo. ^go dj mtgqumtj jhfmrghj j njhj ludt` ` sgo rmemrmongj o` sm pumhm jhbgtgr.
L. Qr`nms` hm jhbgsgþo ^gtujh`s mo dj pjotjddj gogngjd hm jhbgsgþo hm movâ`s p`stjdms, sm gotr`hunm dj rmemrmongj mo md njbp` —Nþhgi` hm movâ`‒. ^m pudsj gotr` y md sgstmbj hmvumdvm t`h`s d`s hjt`s hmd movâ`, sg ms uo s`d` movâ`, ` d`s oóbmr`s hm t`h`s d`s movâ`s sg dj mxpmhgngþo ms budtgludt`3 - B@O@L]DX@. J n`otgoujngþo, sm pudsj jnmptjr y jpjrmnm md bmosjcm hm gbprmsgþo hm mtgqumtj qum sm n`d`nj jd movâ` nughjoh` hm qum qumhm pmremntjbmotm jhfmrghj y vjdghjngþo hmd B-::J, n`b` mo nujdqugmr `trj jhbgsgþo. - B]DXGL]DX@. Jd fjlmr gotr`hungh` dj rmemrmongj y pudsjr gotr`, jpjrmnm uoj pjotjddj n`o t`h`s d`s oóbmr`s hm d`s movâ`s qum e`rbjo dj mxpmhgngþo. Ndgqumjoh` mo njhj uo` hm d`s oóbmr`s jpjrmnm t`hj dj goe`rbjngþo hmd movâ` n`b` sg hm uoj jhbgsgþo b`o`ludt` sm trjtjrj, sm jnmptj y sm gbprgbm dj mtgqumtj qum sm n`d`nj jd movâ` nughjoh` hm qum qumhm pmremntjbmotm jhfmrghj y sm vjdghj md B-::J. Dj jpdgnjngþo vumdvm j dj pjotjddj mo dj qum jpjrmnmo t`h`s d`s movâ`s qum e`rbjo dj mxpmhgngþo, sm sgiumo jhbgtgmoh` fjstj egojdgzjr t`h`s. Qumhm `nurrgr qum jdiuo` hm d`s ludt`s gondugh`s mo dj rmemrmongj o` d` trjgijo, o` gbp`rtj, sm rmjdgzj dj jhbgsgþo hm d`s qum tmoijb`s y md qum ejdtm pumhm smr jhbgtgh` mo `tr` b`bmot` sgmbprm qum o`s jp`rtmo dj rmemrmongj. Njhj mtgqumtj qum sm imomrm sm pmij mo njhj uo` hm d`s mqugpjcms y dj n`pgj hmd B-::J sm rmsmrvj mo dj `egngoj pjrj jrnfgvjr n`o md rmst` hm dj h`nubmotjngþo hm dj smrgm < y md `rgigojd sm fj hm motrmijr jd ndgmotm ` jd pmrs`ojd hm hgstrglungþo pjrj qum d` motrmium jd ndgmotm.
N. @tr`s ludt`s Md ndgmotm pumhm ddmvjr cuot` j d`s mqugpjcms qum egiurjo mo dj rmemrmongj, jdióo `tr` ludt` qum hmsmm movgjr jl`oêoh`d` mo dj `egngoj, mstm movâ` ` movâ`s sm jhbgtgrêo p`r dj b`hjdghjh qum hmsmm md ndgmotm y n`o d`s rmqugsgt`s fjlgtujdms pjrj md pr`hunt` mdmigh`.
H. Motrmij M otrmij mo `egngoj J dj f`rj hm dj motrmij mo `egngoj o` tgmom ogoiuoj njrjntmrâstgnj hgemrmongjh`rj pumst` qum ddmijrê n`b` Qjq Qrmbgub, p`r d` qum sm gotr`hungrê mo md njojd n`rrmsp`ohgmotm y p`ohrê j hgsp`sgngþo hmd ndgmotm.
=.9 JHBG^G ÞO HM MOUÂ@^ N@O N@O X\ÊBGXM ^ JH]JOM \@^ J. Hmegogngþo hm movâ`s J memnt`s hm jhujojs mxgstmo h`s tgp`s hm movâ`s3
<78
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
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Movâ`s n`bmrngjdms3 s`o d`s qum n`otgmomo nujdqugmr bmrnjonâj bmrnjonâj mxp`rtjhj ` gbp`rtjhj mo md bjrn` bjrn` hm uoj trjosjnngþo n`bmrngjd, tjot` sg msj bmrnjonâj sm vmohm p`r hgomr` n`b` sg sm gotmrnjblgj. Movâ`s hm Mbprmsj-j-Mbprmsj, hm Mbprmsj-j-Ndgmotm ` hm Jutþo`b`-j-Ndgmotm. Movâ`s o` n`bmrngjdms3 s`o jqumdd`s movâ`s qum sm gotmrnjblgjo motrm pjrtgnudjrms, puhgmoh` puhgmoh` n`otmomr rmijd`s, bumstrjs u `lcmt`s pmrs`ojdms n`o njrêntmr `njsg`ojd, qum p`r su ojturjdmzj, vjd`r ` njotghjh o` sm utgdgnmo n`o egoms n`bmrngjdms.
L. Qr`hunt`s susnmptgldms hm trêbgtms jhujomr`s OJNG@OJD - Qjqumtm Jzud - Q`stjd Mxprçs ojng`ojd - Qjqumtm Q`stjd (sþd` vêdgh` pjrj mhgt`rgjdms, hgstrglugh`rjs y mstjldmngbgmot`s hm vmotj hmd smnt`r hmd dglr`) - Qjq Qrmbgub - Qjq Mstêohjr - Njrtj Nmrtgegnjhj - Njrtj Nmrtgegnjhj ]rimotm
GOXM\OJNG@OJD -
Qjqumtm Gotmrojng`ojd Mn`oþbgn` Qjqumtm Gotmrojng`ojd Qrg`rgtjrg` Q`stjd Mxprçs Gotmrojng`ojd Qjqumtm Dgift Njrtj Nmrtgegnjhj Gotmrojng`ojd Njrtj Nmrtgegnjhj ]rimotm Gotmrojng`ojd
N. Êblgt` D`s movâ`s hm/pjrj d`s tmrrgt`rg`s n`o rçigbmo egsnjd hgstgot`s jd hm dj Mspjúj pmogosudjr y Ljdmjrms mstêo jemntjh`s p`r d`s trêbgtms jhujomr`s3 \MIGÞO/QJÂ^ Mspjúj Joh`rrj y Iglrjdtjr ]ogþo Mur`pmj3
\MIGÞO/QJÂ^ JEMNXJH@ Q@\ X\JBGXM^ JH]JOM\@^ Nmutj, Bmdgddj, Njojrgjs Joh`rrj y Iglrjdtjr (Eumrj hm dj ]M)
Jdmbjogj, Justrgj, Lçdignj, Ludijrgj, Nfgprm, Hgojbjrnj, Msd`vjqugj, Msd`vmogj, Mst`ogj, Egodjohgj, Erjongj, Irmngj, Fuoirâj, Grdjohj, X`h`s d`s pjâsms eumrj hm dj ]M Gtjdgj, Dmt`ogj, Dgtujogj, Duxmbluri`, Bjdtj, Qjâsms Ljc`s, Q`d`ogj, Q`rtuijd, \mgo` ]ogh`, \mpóldgnj Nfmnj, \ubjogj, ^umngj y Nr`jngj.
H. Gbprms`s/h`nubmot`s j. NO<<-NO<> Md NO<< sm utgdgzj pjrj movâ`s hm >11 HMI hm vjd`r y md N<> pjrj bjy`rms vjd`rms (sm imomrj hmshm G\G^, pjrj su egrbj p`r rmbgtmotm)
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<7=
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
NO<<
l. NQ9< Ms uo gbprms` jirupjr h`s e`rbudjrg`s mo NO<>/NMQ9:.
<75
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
n. Ejnturj O` pumhm smr sustgtugh` p`r ogoióo `tr` h`nubmot` (jdljrêo, o`tj hm motrmij, mtn.). ^m hmlm jp`rtjr md `rgigojd y djs n`pgjs qum smjo omnmsjrgjs. Hjt`s `ldgijt`rg`s mo ejnturj3 - OGE/NGE hmd rmbgtmotm. - O`blrm ` rjzþo s`ngjd hmd rmbgtmotm. - H`bgngdg` hmd rmbgtmotm. - OGE/NGE hmd hmstgojtjrg`. - O`blrm ` rjzþo s`ngjd hmd hmstgojtjrg`. - H`bgngdg` hmd hmstgojtjrg`. - Ujd`r hm dj bmrnjonâj (ouonj giujd j nmr`). - O` pumhm gondugr GUJ ` n`onmpt` sgbgdjr (sgmbprm vjd`r nmr`) - Oóbmr` y emnfj hm dj ejnturj. - Hmsnrgpngþo suegngmotm hm dj bmrnjonâj hm dj qum sm trjtm - Mxprmsgþo b`omtjrgj hmd prmng` hm vmotj.
h. H]J N`rrm`s ^m fj hm jp`rtjr dj ejnturj p`r trgpdgnjh` n`o d`s hjt`s jotmrg`rbmotm rmbjrnjh`s y md H`nubmot` hm Jut`rgzjngþo y Hmspjnf` \mprmsmotjngþo egrbjh` y smddjh`. Nujoh` md ndgmotm s`dgngtj mstj `pngþo ms omnmsjrg` nubpdgbmotjr md H`nubmot` hm jut`rgzjngþo hm hmspjnf` y rmprmsmotjngþo. Mstm h`nubmot` jut`rgzj j N`rrm`s j jntujr mo rmprmsmotjngþo hmd rmbgtmotm jotm d`s Þrijo`s hm Jhujojs hm dj Jimongj Xrglutjrgj mo md pr`nmhgbgmot` hm Hmspjnf` Jhujomr` hm Bmrnjonâjs (H]J). Hmlm mstjr nubpdgbmotjh` mo t`h`s d`s njbp`s, egrbjh` y smddjh` pjrj md njs` hm mbprmsjs. ^`d` sm n`osghmrjrêo vêdgh`s d`s h`nubmot`s hmsnjrijh`s hmshm dj Yml hm N`rrm`s (www.n`rrm`s.n`b), mo d`s qum sm tgmomo qum vgsujdgzjr dj bjrnj hm jiuj hm N`rrm`s y n`o md d`i` jd e`oh`. Fjy uo b`hmd` pjrj jutþo`b`s y `tr` pjrj mbprmsjs. Jd hmsnjrijr md h`nubmot`, sm bjrnj md oóbmr` hm movâ`s qum n`bp`omo dj rmbmsj jhujomrj y md sgstmbj gbprgbm tjotjs n`pgjs n`b` movâ`s tgmom dj rmbmsj. Mo md msnrgt` hm jut`rgzjngþo hmlm n`ostjr3 - O`blrm hm dj mbprmsj vmohmh`rj n`o su n`rrmsp`ohgmotm NGE. - O`blrm hmd rmprmsmotjotm dmijd hm dj mbprmsj mbprmsj n`o n`o su n`rrmsp`ohgmotm NGE. - Egrbj hmd rmprmsmotjotm dmijd, egrbj egrbj y smdd` hm dj mbprmsj. - Oóbmr` hm movâ`s qum vjo hmd bgsb` rmbgtmotm jd bgsb` hmstgojtjrg hmstgojtjrg` ` y sm motrmijo mo md bgsb` puot`. Hmlm fjlmr n`gonghmongj motrm d`s hjt`s hmd Msnrgt` hm Jut`rgzjngþo n`o d`s hjt`s qum egiurjo mo dj ejnturj.
m. H]J `tr`s ^m fj hm jp`rtjr dj ejnturj p`r trgpdgnjh` n`o d`s hjt`s jotmrg`rbmotm rmbjrnjh`s y md jomx` 7 hmd dmvjotm hmd H]J.
e. MJG-X111₤ sgo (GUJ/GIGN) ` qum sm trjtm hm trjosemrmongjs hmotr` hm dj bgsbj mbprmsj. ^gmbprm fj hm imomrjr uoj jirupjngþo MJG. Jhmbês mst`s movâ`s hmlmrêo @LDGIJX@\GJBMOXM tmomr uoj bmongþo mo dj ejnturj —X
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<79
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
i. Ejnturjs movâ`s j Njojrgjs hm vjd`r goemrg`r j << ₤ f. H`nubmotjngþo supdmbmotjrgj Mo md njs` hmd H]J pjrj movâ`s hgrgigh`s j tmrnmr`s pjâsms o` pmrtmomngmotms j dj ]M n`o hmtmrbgojhjs bmrnjonâjs tjdms n`b` pr`hunt`s ejrbjnçutgn`s, egt`sjogtjrg`s, mtn., sm rmqumrgrê, jhmbês, y smióo md njs`3 - Nmrtgegnjh` hm N`otr`d hm Njdghjh ^@GU\M. - H`nubmot` @egngjd hm N`otr`d ^jogtjrg` hm Bmrnjonâjs. - Nmrtgegnjh` Egt`sjogtjrg`. - Nmrtgegnjh` ^jogtjrg`/ N`otr`d hm Bmhgnjbmot`. - Mtn. Md ndgmotm mxp`rtjh`r hmlm prmsmotjr dj h`nubmotjngþo omnmsjrgj mo njhj njs` tmogmoh` qum n`o`nmr dj o`rbjtgvj. O` `lstjotm, sg dj hmsn`o`ngmsm sm dm pumhm rmbgtgr j dj pêigoj wml hm N`rrm`s. Dj o` prmsmotjngþo p`r md mxp`rtjh`r hm nujdqugmrj nujdqugmrj hm d`s nmrtgegnjh`s dmijdbmotm dmijdbmotm omnmsjrg`s, ms b`tgv` suegngmotm pjrj dj hmv`dungþo hm d`s movâ`s jd rmbgtmotm. ^m prmsmotjrê md `rgigojd hmd nmrtgegnjh` bês uoj e`t`n`pgj hmd bgsb`.
M. Jhbgsgþo (n`otmogh` bmrnjonâjs) Mo md pr`nms` hm jhbgsgþo mo G\G^, trjs smújdjr md hmstgo`, sm jntgvjo d`s gn`o`s hm d`s pr`hunt`s n`bpjtgldms n`o md hmstgo` smújdjh`. Nujoh` bjrnjb`s jdiuo` hm d`s pr`hunt`s smújdjh`s mo mstj jntgvghjh, pjrj jdiuo` hm d`s hmstgo`s gohgnjh`s qum rmqugmrmo trêbgtms jhujomr`s, G\G^ djozj jd usujrg` uo bmosjcm hm jhvmrtmongj gohgnjoh` qum md movâ` pumhm mstjr sucmt` j trêbgtms jhujomr`s. Zum memntgvjbmotm hmlj pjsjrd`s ` o`, hmpmohmrê hmd n`otmogh` hmd movâ`. Hm dj bgsbj e`rbj, mo G\G^ sm jntgvj md n`bl` h`nubmot`s H]J, n`o djs `png`oms n`rrmsp`ohgmotms jd `rgimo y jd hmstgo` hmd movâ`. Mo njs` hm qum jdiuoj `pngþo o` smj p`sgldm motrm d`s h`s tmrrgt`rg`s jpjrmnmrê hmsfjlgdgtjhj. Q`stmrg`rbmotm, jotms hm egojdgzjr dj jhbgsgþo, G\G^ vumdvm j djozjr uo bmosjcm hm jdjrbj jd usujrg`, jhvgrtgçoh`dm hm oumv` sg md movâ` rmqugmrm pjsjr trêbgtms jhujomr`s. Nujoh` md n`otmogh` hmd movâ` o` s`o h`nubmot`s, sm bjrnj dj `pngþo bmrnjonâjs, rmijd`, bumstrj n`bmrngjd, mtn. Xrjs bjrnjr hgnfj `pngþo o`s jpjrmnm uo n`bl` hmo`bgojh` H`nubmotjngþo H]J nujoh` md movâ` pumhj pjsjr jdióo trêbgtm jhujomr`.
<76
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
E. Msqumbj hm h`nubmotjngþo trêbgtms jhujomr`s mxp`rtjngþo
=.6 QMXGNGÞ O HMU@D]NGÞ O QJZ]MXM\ÂJ GOXM\O JNG@OJD D`s ndgmotms sumdmo s`dgngtjr hmv`dungþo ` rmmxpmhgngþo hm sus movâ`s n`o bunfj urimongj, mspmngjdbmotm nujoh` hmsnulrmo qum fjo sgh` vântgbjs hm erjuhm. Njsg sgmbprm d` s`dgngtjo jotms hm qum sm nubpdjo d`s pdjz`s bâogb`s hm rmndjbjngþo, p`r mdd` ms omnmsjrg` mstm pr`nmhgbgmot` qum o` tgmom pdjz` bâogb`. Mstm pr`nmhgbgmot` n`osgstm s`djbmotm mo md movâ` hm dj s`dgngtuh jd pjâs hm hmstgo`. O` sm fjnm ogoióo smiugbgmot` hm dj jntujngþo hmd pjâs hm hmstgo`, og sm rmsp`ohm jd ndgmotm. ^g md ndgmotm omnmsgtj rmspumstj hmlm e`rbudjr rmndjbjngþo uoj vmz nubpdgh` md pdjz` bâogb`. D`s b`hmd`s pjrj trjbgtjr mstjs s`dgngtuhms s`o3 Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
<77
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
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NO :9- ^`dgngtuh hm hmv`dungþo NO :9- ^`dgngtuh hm rmmxpmhgngþo
^m gbprgbm md h`nubmot` pudsjoh` md l`tþo Gbprgbgr y sm movâj jd ejx <:<:<.
>11
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
O` ms omnmsjrg` movgjrd` j dj jtmongþo hm ojhgm og jújhgr njrêtudj. Xjbp`n` ms omnmsjrg` jhcuotjr B-:: og NQ9<. Mo njs`s hm erjuhm, tjbp`n` ms omnmsjrg` jhcuotjr n`pgj hm dj hmouongj. ^g md ndgmotm fj e`rbudjh` rmndjbjngþo mo N`rrm`s, mo N`osub` ` jotm `trj gostjongj tjbp`n` ms omnmsjrg` jhcuotjrdj. Ljstj n`o movgjr md NO :9 jd ejx gohgnjh`. Jtmongþo jd Ndgmotm movâj md h`nubmot` jd `pmrjh`r hm hmstgo` p`r dj vâj bês rêpghj hgsp`ogldm n`o md `pmrjh`r hm qum sm trjtm3 - Q`stjdgzjh` - Q`r n`rrm` mdmntrþogn` - Q`r md sgstmbj wml hm rmndjbjng`oms Jtmongþo jd Ndgmotm o` fjnm ogoióo smiugbgmot` y o` rmsp`ohm jd ndgmotm. N`rrm`s o` jsubm ogoiuoj rmsp`osjlgdghjh p`r dj jntujngþo ` jusmongj hm jntujngþo hmd `pmrjh`r hm hmstgo`. Mo njs` hm s`dgngtuh hm hm hmv`dungþo, N`rrm`s o` jsubm jsubm rmsp`osjlgdghjh sg md `pmrjh`r hm hmstgo` motrmij md movâ` jd hmstgojtjrg` ` j pmrs`oj jut`rgzjhj hm jnumrh` n`o su dmigsdjngþo ojng`ojd. Ouonj sm gohmbogzj jd ndgmotm p`r s`dgngtuhms hm hmv`dungþo sgo çxgt`.
5. MOUÂ@ MOUÂ @ HM HGOM HGOM\@ \@ 5.: JHB G^G ÞO IG\@ N@O ^MH G ^m nrmj oumv` jnnms` hmshm md er`otjd hm G\G^, hmsjpjrmnm hmd bmoó hm jhbgsgþo dj `pngþo —Igr`s‒ p`r —Movâ` Hgomr`‒. Hmotr` p`hmb`s mdmigr motrm md N`bpjrjh`r y Jdtj Movâ` Hgomr`.
J. Jnnms Jnnms` ` j dj euong`ojdghjh hm jdtj hm uoj `rhmo hm movâ` hm hgomr` ^m p`hrê jnnmhmr j dj euong`ojdghjh hm jdtj hm þrhmoms hm movâ` hm hgomr` hmshm md bmoó hm —Jhbgsgþo‒ hm dj jpdgnjngþo, smdmnng`ojh` dj `pngþo —Movâ` hm hgomr`‒, hmshm h`ohm mstjrêo hgsp`ogldms djs `png`oms3 - N`bpjrjh`r3 bumstrj md n`bpjrjh`r hm smrvgng`s hm movâ` hm hgomr`. - Jdtj hm movâ` hm hgomr`3 bumstrj bumstrj md e`rbudjrg` hm jdtj hm uoj `rhmo hm movâ`.
j. N`bpjrjh`r hm smrvgng`s ^m jnnmhmrê jd n`bpjrjh`r hm smrvgng`s hm movâ` hm hgomr` fjngmoh` ndgnk mo dj `pngþo —Movâ` Hgomr`/ N`bpjrjh`r‒ hmd bmoó hm dj jpdgnjngþo. Hmshm md n`bpjrjh`r sm p`hrê n`osudtjr mo uoj óognj pjotjddj djs `png`oms p`sgldms hm movâ` hm hgomr` pjrj uo pjâs hm hmstgo` y uoj njotghjh hm movâ`. Qjrj mdd` sm hmlmrêo smiugr d`s sgiugmotms pjs`s3 - ^m gohgnj md pjâs hm hmstgo` smdmnng`oêoh`d` hm dj dgstj hm pjâsms s`p`rtjh`s. - ^m smdmnng`oj md gbp`rtm j movgjr. ^m tmohrêo h`s e`rbjs hm smdmnng`ojr md gbp`rtm j movgjr3 ¹ ^mdmnng`ojoh` md gbp`rtm j n`lrjr3 Md `pmrjh`r gohgnjrê md gbp`rtm j motrmijr p`r md `rhmojotm. Md lmomegngjrg` rmnglgrê msj njotghjh bmo`s djs tjsjs jpdgnjhjs. ¹ ^mdmnng`ojoh` md gbp`rtm j movgjr3 Md `pmrjh`r gohgnjrê md gbp`rtm j rmnglgr p`r md lmomegngjrg`. Md `rhmojotm hmlmrê jl`ojr hgnfj njotghjh bês djs tjsjs. Md gbp`rtm j movgjr sm gohgnjrê mo Mur`s. Md gbp`rtm j n`lrjr p`hrê gohgnjrsm mo Mur`s ` mo dj hgvgsj hmd pjâs hm hmstgo`, jsâ, p`r mcmbpd`, sg sm smdmnng`oj ^ugzj sm p`hrê gohgnjr md gbp`rtm j n`lrjr mo Mur`s ` mo Bjrn`s ^ugz`s. (O`tj3 Mo njs` hm movâ`s hm motrmij p`r Y], smrê p`sgldm qum mo uo pjâs sm jhbgtjo vjrgjs b`omhjs hm pji`, pmr`
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
>1:
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
hmshm md n`bpjrjh`r s`d` smrê p`sgldm smdmnng`ojr dj b`omhj qum tmoij js`ngjhj md pjâs p`r hmemnt`). ]oj vmz smdmnng`ojh`s d`s nrgtmrg`s hm lósqumhj, sm hmlmrê fjnmr ndgnk md l`tþo —Lusnjr‒. Jd fjnmrd` sm b`strjrêo t`h`s d`s smrvgng`s hm movâ` hgsp`ogldms `rhmojh`s p`r prg`rghjh. Md `pmrjh`r hmlmrê goe`rbjr jd ndgmotm hm d`s smrvgng`s hgsp`ogldms p`r `rhmo hm prg`rghjh. Md n`bpjrjh`r tmohrê mo numotj d`s dâbgtms y rmstrgnng`oms hm movâ` hm hgomr` pjrj md pjâs hm motrmij smdmnng`ojh`, p`r d` qum s`d` sm b`strjrêo jqumdd`s smrvgng`s qum nubpdmo n`o djs njrjntmrâstgnjs hm motrmij smdmnng`ojhjs. Qjrj njhj smrvgng` hgsp`ogldm sm b`strjrê dj sgiugmotm goe`rbjngþo3 - O`blrm hmd pr`hunt`. pr`hunt`. O`blrm hmd pr`hunt` pr`hunt` `ermngh`, p`r mcmbpd`, Igr` Ojng`ojd. - B`hjdghjh. Gohgnj, Gohgnj, dj b`hjdghjh hm pji`, p`r mcmbpd`, pjrj pjrj Igr` Ojng`ojd tmohrmb`s tmohrmb`s dj b`hjdghjh b`hjdghjh hm pji` —Movâ` Igr` Gobmhgjt`‒. - Njojd hm motrmij. Gohgnj md njojd qum sm usjrê pjrj rmjdgzjr dj motrmij hm hgomr`, p`r mcmbpd`, Mur`igr`, N`rrm`s, ]Q]. - Xgmbp` hm motrmij. Gohgnj md tgmbp` qum qum sm tjrhjrê mo fjnmr memntgv` md pji`. Mo njs` hm qum sm gohgqum 1 bgout`s, sgiogegnjrê qum md pji` sm fjrê hm e`rbj urimotm. - Bmhg` hm pji`. Gohgnj dj e`rbj mo dj qum sm sm rmjdgzjrê md pji` jd hmstgojtjrg`, hmstgojtjrg`, p`r mcmbpd`, bmtêdgn`. - Gbp`rtm igrjh`. Gohgnj md gbp`rtm j rmnglgr p`r md lmomegngjrg`. - Xjsj egcj. Gbp`rtm egc` n`lrjh` p`r md movâ`. - Hmrmnf`s. Gohgnj dj tjsj tjsj p`rnmotujd p`rnmotujd n`lrjhj n`lrjhj jd rmbgtmotm p`r md movâ`. - Gbp`rtm t`tjd. Bumstrj md gbp`rtm j jl`ojr p`r md ndgmotm p`r dj n`otrjtjngþo hmd smrvgng`. Mo njs` hm qum fjyj jdiuoj pr`b`ngþo vgimotm, sm b`strjrê tjot` md gbp`rtm n`o dj pr`b`ngþo n`b` md gbp`rtm sgo dj pr`b`ngþo y dj emnfj hm egojdgzjngþo hm hgnfj njbpjúj. - ^mrvgng`s hm motrmij hgsp`ogldms, p`r mcmbpd`, ^B^ j hmstgojtjrg` ` motrmij j h`bgngdg` y su tjrgej. Mo njs` hm smdmnng`ojr ` hm-smdmnng`ojr uo smrvgng` jhgng`ojd, sm jntujdgzjrê md gbp`rtm t`tjd b`strjh`. Md `pmrjh`r, p`r pmtgngþo hmd ndgmotm, p`hrê gbprgbgr dj goe`rbjngþo b`strjhj mo md n`bpjrjh`r fjngmoh` ndgnk mo dj `pngþo. Dj sgiugmotm egiurj bumstrj uo mcmbpd`, h`ohm pjrj d`s nrgtmrg`s smdmnng`ojh`s sm bumstrjo trms `png`oms hgsp`ogldms. Mo dj `pngþo hm —Igr` Gobmhgjt`‒ sm vm qum fjy uoj njbpjúj vgimotm. Mo mstm njs` sm bumstrj md prmng` qum jpdgnjrâj sg o` fulgmsm uoj njbpjúj y md prmng` qum jpdgnj n`o dj njbpjúj. Xjblgço sm bumstrj dj emnfj hm egojdgzjngþo hm dj njbpjúj.
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Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
L. Hjr hm jdtj hm uoj `rhmo hm movâ` ^m p`hrê jnnmhmr jd e`rbudjrg` hm jdtj hm uoj `rhmo hm movâ` hmshm mst`s h`s puot`s3 - Hmshm md bmoó hm `png`oms, fjngmoh` ndgnk mo dj `pngþo —Movâ` Hgomr`/ Jdtj hm movâ` hm hgomr`‒. - Hmshm md n`bpjrjh`r hm smrvgng`s, smdmnng`ojoh` s`lrm uoj hm djs `png`oms b`strjhjs b`strjhjs mo md bgsb`. Mo jbl`s njs`s md e`rbudjrg` hm jdtj smrê md bgsb`, n`o dj hgemrmongj hm qum, mo njs` hm jnnmhmr hmshm md n`bpjrjh`r, sm b`strjrêo prmnjrijh`s d`s hjt`s smdmnng`ojh`s mo md n`bpjrjh`r. Md e`rbudjrg` hm jdtj hm uoj `rhmo hm movâ` sm mstrunturjrê mo djs sgiugmotms smnng`oms3 - Hjt`s imomrjdms. mo mstj smnngþo sm gohgnjrê dj goe`rbjngþo hm motrmij hmd hgomr`3 njotghjh mn`oþbgnj, pjâs hm hmstgo`, njojd hm motrmij y smrvgng`s jhgng`ojdms hm motrmij. - ^mrvgng`s jhgng`ojdms3 mo mstj smnngþo sm p`hrêo gohgnjr gohgnjr d`s smrvgng`s jhgng`ojdms j n`otrjtjr. - Goe`rbjngþo hmd hmstgojtjrg`3 mo mstj smnngþo sm gohgnjrêo d`s hjt`s ghmotgegnjtgv`s hmd lmomegngjrg` hmd movâ` hm hgomr`. - Goe`rbjngþo hmd rmbgtmotm3 mo mstj smnngþo sm gohgnjrêo d`s hjt`s. - Hmtjddm mn`oþbgn` hm dj trjosjnngþo3 mo mstj smnngþo sm bumstrj md hmtjddm mn`oþbgn` mn`oþbgn` hm dj trjosjnngþo3 Gbp`rtm j movgjr, gbp`rtm j rmnglgr, tjsjs y tgp` hm njblg` jpdgnjh`. Jotms hm rmddmojr d`s hjt`s hmd hmstgojtjrg` y hmd rmbgtmotm, hmlmrê gohgnjrsm `ldgijt`rgjbmotm d`s hjt`s hm dj trjosemrmongj, yj qum mst`s hjt`s, hmtmrbgojo dj goe`rbjngþo j s`dgngtjr pjrj rmbgtmotm y hmstgojtjrg`. ]oj vmz rmddmojh` t`h`s d`s hjt`s, sm hmlmrê pudsjr md l`tþo jnmptjr. Jd jnmptjr dj `pmrjngþo, md gbp`rtm ` n`lrjr p`r dj `rhmo hm movâ` sm subj j dj l`dsj. Dj sgiugmotm egiurj md e`rbudjrg` hm jdtj hm uoj `rhmo hm movâ`.
N. Hjt`s imomrjdms Mo njs` hm qum md e`rbudjrg` hm jdtj sm bumstrm hmshm md n`bpjrjh`r, mstj goe`rbjngþo vmohrê prmnjrijhj. Mo njs` hm qum md e`rbudjrg` hm jdtj sm bumstrm hgrmntjbmotm hmshm md bmoó hm `png`oms, md `pmrjh`r hmlmrê gohgnjr mst`s hjt`s jotms hm p`hmr n`otgoujr rmddmojoh` md rmst` hm d`s hjt`s. Mstjrêo hgsp`ogldms d`s sgiugmotms pr`hunt`s y b`hjdghjhms.
j. Igr` Ojng`ojd Qmrbgtm fjnmr movâ`s hm motrmij mo Mspjúj p`r n`rrm`s. Mstm pr`hunt` mstjrê hgsp`ogldm nujoh` md pjâs hmstgo` smdmnng`ojh` smj Mspjúj. Djs b`hjdghjhms hgsp`ogldms pjrj Igr` ojng`ojd smrêo djs sgiugmotms3 - Movâ` Igr` gobmhgjt` - Movâ` Igr` urimotm hm motrmij mo h`bgngdg` - Movâ` Igr` `rhgojrg` hm motrmij mo h`bgngdg` - Movâ` `rhmo hm goirms` mo numotj - Movâ` j Qrgsg`oms
l. Igr` @egngjd Ojng`ojd Bmhgjotm mstm pr`hunt` sm pmrbgtm fjnmr movâ`s `egngjdms hm motrmij mo Mspjúj. Djs b`hjdghjhms hgsp`ogldms s`o3 - Movâ` `rhgojrg` `egngjd - Movâ` urimotm `egngjd
n. Igr` motrmij gotmrojng`ojd -
Mur`igr`3 pmrbgtm fjnmr movâ`s hm motrmij gotmrojng`ojd p`r Mur`igr`. Mstm smrvgng` mstjrê hgsp`ogldm nujoh` sm smdmnng`om n`b` pjâs hm hmstgo` uo pjâs n`o md qum sm tmoij jnumrh` n`o Mur`igr`.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
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mhgt`rgjd } nmp
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Igr` motrmij gotmrojng`ojd „ ]Q]. Qmrbgtm fjnmr movâ`s hm motrmij gotmrojng`ojd p`r ]Q].
h. ^mrvgng`s hm motrmij jhgng`ojdms Njhj njojd hm motrmij numotj n`o uoj smrgm hm smrvgng`s hm motrmij qum p`hrêo smr n`otrjtjh`s p`r md rmbgtmotm hm dj `rhmo hm movâ`. Mst`s smrvgng`s p`hrêo tmomr njri`s jhgng`ojdms qum jut`bêtgnjbmotm smrêo njdnudjh`s p`r md sgstmbj y rmqumrgrêo qum m d `pmrjh`r gohgqum goe`rbjngþo rmdjtgvj j d`s bgsb`s. ^m n`otjrêo n`o d`s sgiugmotms smrvgng`s hm motrmij jhgng`ojdms3 - Movâ` hm ^B^ j hmstgojtjrg`. Md `pmrjh`r hmlmrê gohgnjr uo oóbmr` hm tmdçe`o` bþvgd qum sm iujrhjrê n`b` tmdçe`o` hmd hmstgojtjrg`. - Movâ` hm ^B^ j rmbgtmotm. Md `pmrjh`r hmlmrê gohgnjr uo oóbmr` hm tmdçe`o` bþvgd qum sm iujrhjrê n`b` tmdçe`o` hmd rmbgtmotm. - Movâ` hm ^B^ jd Hmstgojtjrg` y \mbgtmotm. ^g mxgstm mstê `pngþo, jd smdmnng`ojr jbl`s smrvgng`s hm ^B^ sm jpdgnj dj tjrgej uogegnjhj, mo vmz hm dj gohgvghujd hm njhj smrvgng`. - Motrmij j h`bgngdg`. ^g sm smdmnng`oj dj `pngþo hm motrmij j h`bgngdg`, md `pmrjh`r hmlmrê gohgnjr dj hgrmnngþo hm motrmij hmd movâ` puhgmoh` pjrj mdd` gohgnjr uoj hgrmnngþo p`stjd ` uo jpjrtjh` p`stjd3 ¹ Hgrmnngþo p`stjd hmd hmd hmstgojtjrg`. ^m hmlmrê gohgnjr dj njddm, d`njdghjh y nþhgi` p`stjd. ¹ Jpjrtjh` p`stjd p`stjd hmd hmstgojtjrg`. hmstgojtjrg`. ^m hmlmrê gohgnjr gohgnjr md nþhgi` nþhgi` hm dj `egngoj hm motrmij y md oóbmr` hmd jpjrtjh` p`stjd. Gbp`rtjotâsgb` pjrj rmjdgzjr n`rrmntjbmotm dj motrmij mo md hmstgo`. Ouonj usjr md njbp` hgrmnngþo hm uo movâ` j h`bgngdg`.
• Motrmij gobmhgjtj Dj b`hjdghjh hm motrmij gobmhgjtj tmohrê d`s sgiugmotms smrvgng`s jhgng`ojdms3 ^B^ j \mbgtmotm y j hmstgojtjrg`. Mo mstm njs`, sg sm smdmnng`ojo jbl`s smrvgng`s jhgng`ojdms sm jpdgnjrê uoj tjrgej rmhunghj. Q`r mdd`, sg sm smdmnng`ojo jbl`s smrvgng`s jhgng`ojdms, sm b`strjrê tjnfjh` md gbp`rtm b`strjh` pjrj njhj smrvgng` jhgng`ojd y sm b`strjrê md prmng` t`tjd j jpdgnjr. N`b` sm fj hgnf`, dj hgsp`oglgdghjh ` o` hm mst`s smrvgng`s jhgng`ojdms hmpmohmrêo hmd njojd hm motrmij smdmnng`ojh`. Md e`rbudjrg` hm jdtj s`d` b`strjrê jqumdd`s smrvgng`s jhgng`oms hgsp`ogldms pjrj md njojd hm motrmij smdmnng`ojh`. ^m hmlmrê tmomr mo numotj qum, mo jdiuo`s njs`s, uo smrvgng` jhgng`ojd p`hrê smr bjrnjh` n`b` hm `ldgijhj n`otrjtjngþo. Mo msm njs`, sm b`strjrê smdmnng`ojh` mo md e`rbudjrg` y o` smrê p`sgldm hms-smdmnng`ojrd`. • Motrmij j h`bgngdg` Dj `pngþo hm motrmij j h`bgngdg` sm prmsmotjrê tjblgço n`b` uo smrvgng` jhgng`ojd. Jsâ, jd smdmnng`ojr uoj b`hjdghjh hm motrmij j h`bgngdg` sm b`strjrê hmotr` hm dj smnngþo hm smrvgng`s jhgng`ojdms d`s njbp`s j smr rmddmojh`s pjrj rmjdgzjr dj motrmij j h`bgngdg`. Md smrvgng` hm motrmij j h`bgngdg` pmrbgtgrê tjblgço dj motrmij mo jpjrtjh`, jsg, d` prgbmr` qum sm hmlmrê smdmnng`ojr ms sg dj motrmij hmlmrê rmjdgzjrsm j h`bgngdg` (`pngþo p`r hmemnt`) ` mo uo jpjrtjh` p`stjd. Dj sgiugmotm egiurj bumstrj d`s njbp`s j smr rmddmojh`s pjrj dj motrmij j h`bgngdg`3
H. Movâ` M ovâ` j prgsg`oms Mo njs` hm qum sm smdmnng`om dj b`hjdghjh hm movâ` j prgsg`oms, n`b` hjt`s hmd hmstgojtjrg` sm hmlmrê gohgnjr tjot` md nmotr` pmogtmongjrg` n`b` md OG^ hmd prms`. Dj sgiugmotm egiurj bumstrj md njs` hm qum sm fjyj smdmnng`ojh` dj b`hjdghjh hm —Movâ` j Qrgsg`oms‒3 Mo mstm njs` sm hmlmrê gohgnjr dj sgiugmotm goe`rbjngþo3
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Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
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Nmotr`. Qmrbgtm Qmrbgtm smdmnng`ojr md nmotr` hm hmstgo` hm uoj uoj dgstj hmspdmijldm. hmspdmijldm. ]oj vmz vmz smdmnng`ojh` smdmnng`ojh` md nmotr`, sm b`strjrê md Oóbmr` hm numotj js`ngjh`, md nujd o` smrê b`hgegnjldm. OG^. Qmrbgtm gohgnjr hm e`rbj `png`ojd md oóbmr` hm gotmro` (OG^). O`blrm y jpmddgh`s hmd hmstgojtjrg`. GLJO hmd hmstgojtjrg`.
5.< N@\\M @^ NJ^F JHBG ^GÞ O Mo mst`s b`bmot`s md jnumrh` hm N`rrm`s Njsf mo vgi`r ms n`o dj motghjh egojongmrj Bmhg`djoub. D`s pjs`s j smiugr s`o3 :) ^`dgngtjr `pmrjngþo mo bmtêdgn` hmshm JQQ hm Motghjh Egojongmrj (Ndgmotm) <) Md ndgmotm hm dj Motghjh Egojongmrj omnmsgtj rmjdgzjr uoj `pmrjngþo hm njcj (goirms` ` rmgotmir` mo su NN) j trjvçs hm dj rmh hm `egngojs hm N`rrm`s.
J. ^`dgngtjr goirms` mo NN hmshm JQQ hm su Ljon` (Ndgmotm) Md ndgmotm s`dgngtj uo goirms` mo su NN j trjvçs hm dj JQQ hm su Motghjh Egojongmrj. Mo mstj pjrtm hmd pr`nmhgbgmot` N`rrm`s o` pjrtgngpj. Dj rmdjngþo y hmbjohj hm smrvgng` sm mstjldmnm motrm md ndgmotm y su motghjh egojongmrj j trjvçs hm d`s bmnjogsb`s qum tmoijo mstjldmngh`s pjrj dj prmstjngþo hm smrvgng`s. Imomrjdbmotm uo JQQ. Dj Motghjh Egojongmrj hmvumdvm j su ndgmotm uoj oulm hm puot`s n`o dj goe`rbjngþo omnmsjrgj pjrj rmjdgzjr uo igr` mo dj b`hjdghjh hm @GN. Md óogn` njbp` qum o` mstjrê goe`rbjh` smrê md gbp`rtm hmd goirms`, qum d` p`hrê hmnghgr dglrmbmotm md ndgmotm, sgmbprm qum o` supmrm d`s dâbgtms mstjldmngh`s p`r N`rrm`s pjrj d`s b`vgbgmot`s hm bmtêdgn`. ]oj vmz rmnglgh` md nþhgi` hm `pmrjngþo hmshm su Motghjh Egojongmrj, md ndgmotm tgmom qum hgrgigrsm j uoj `egngoj hm N`rrm`s pjrj rmjdgzjr dj `pmrjngþo hm goirms` mo NN. Mstm smrvgng` sm prmstjrê hmshm nujdqugmr `egngoj qum prmstm smrvgng` hm movâ` hm hgomr`. ]oj vmz mo dj `egngoj hm N`rrm`s, md ndgmotm goe`rbj hmd smrvgng` hmsmjh`. Mo mstm njs`, goirmsjr memntgv` mo dj numotj hm dj Motghjh Egojongmrj VVV hm dj qum ms tgtudjr. Md mbpdmjh` qum jtgmohm jd ndgmotm hmlm jnnmhmr j G\G^ / MOUÂ@ HM HGOM\@. Hmotr` hm djs `png`oms hm Movâ` hm Hgomr`, smdmnng`oj Goirms` N@\\M@^ NJ^F. Dj dmnturj hm Oulms hm puot`s mxgim qum dj pgst`dj dmnt`rj mstê n`rrmntjbmotm n`oegiurjhj. Qjrj mdd` sm hmlmrê dmmr md nþhgi` qum jpjrmnm mo dj gbjimo. Hmpmohgmoh` hmd b`hmd` hm pgst`dj fjlrê qum dmmr uo nþhgi` u `tr`. ^`d` fjy qum fjnmr óognj óognj dmnturj y dj pgst`dj qumhjrê n`oegiurjhj. D`s nþhgi`s hm n`oegiurjngþo d`s p`hrêo mon`otrjr tjblgço mo N`omntj / Movâ` hm Hgomr`. Md mbpdmjh` sgtujrê md nurs`r mo md njbp` qum egiurj mo dj gbjimo y dmmrê bmhgjotm dj pgst`dj dmnt`rj dj oulm hm puot`s jp`rtjhj p`r md ndgmotm. D`s njbp`s jpjrmnmo yj rmddmo`s. Md njbp` qum jpjrmnm vjnâ` ms md hmd gbp`rtm qum sm hmsmj igrjr. Qjrj n`otgoujr ms omnmsjrg` p`omr dj njotghjh j goirmsjr mo dj numotj. Jotms fjy qum —Jnmptjr‒ md bmosjcm qum jpjrmnm mo dj vmotjoj mbmrimotm. ^g md gbp`rtm goe`rbjh` mxnmhm d`s dâbgtms pjrj djs `pmrjng`oms hm movâ` hm hgomr`, md sgstmbj gbpghm rmjdgzjr dj `pmrjngþo. Jd trjtjrsm hm uoj `pmrjngþo hm goirms` hm e`oh`s mo uoj NN, md sucmt` `ldgijh` mo d` rmdjtgv` j dj Qrmvmongþo hm Ldjoqum` hm Njpgtjdms ms N`rrm`s, yj qum sm hmlm n`otr`djr md `rgimo hm mst`s e`oh`s. Q`r mst`, trjs dj dmnturj hm dj oulm hm puot`s m goe`rbjr hmd gbp`rtm j goirmsjr, hm pgonfj mo md l`tþo — QLN‒ hm dj pjotjddj hm Grgs. J d`s ndgmotms qum s`dgngtmo mstm smrvgng` sm jpdgnjrê d`s bgsb`s n`otr`dms qum jd rmst` hm ndgmotms qum hmbjohmo smrvgng`s hm movâ` hm hgomr`. ^m s`dgngtj dj egrbj hmd ndgmotm mo md e`rbudjrg` hm jhbgsgþo hm Movâ` hm Hgomr`.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
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mhgt`rgjd } nmp
^m s`dgngtj md gbp`rtm jd ndgmotm. ]oj n`pgj hmd rmsiujrh` hm jhbgsgþo hm Movâ` hm Hgomr` sm motrmij jd ndgmotm y `trj ms pjrj dj `egngoj.
L. ^`dgngtjr rmtgrjhj memntgv` mo JQQ hm su LJON@ (Ndgmotm) Md ndgmotm s`dgngtj dj rmtgrjhj hm e`oh`s hm su NN j trjvçs hm dj JQQ ` nujdqugmr `tr` hgsp`sgtgv`. Dj rmtgrjhj sgmbprm hmlmrê smr mo uoj `egngoj hm N`rrm`s. Md ljon` trjsdjhj j ^MHG dj s`dgngtuh hm rmtgrjhj hm e`oh`s n`o djs njrjntmrâstgnjs qum md ndgmotm fjyj mxpdgngtjh` mo su rmigstr` j trjvçs hm dj JQQ. ^MHG imomrj uo d`njdgzjh`r qum fjnm ddmijr j dj Motghjh Egojongmrj s`dgngtjotm. Dj b`hjdghjh smrê hm Igr` Gbomhgjt`, qum n`o md d`njdgzjh`r p`hrê smr n`lrjh` mo nujdqugmr `egngoj hm N`rrm`s hm Mspjúj. Dj Motghjh Egojongmrj fjnmh ddmijr j su ndgmotm md nþhgi` d`njdgzjh`r. ]oj vmz rmnglgh` md d`njdgzjh`r hmshm su Motghjh Egojongmrj, md ndgmotm tgmom qum hgrgigrsm j uoj `egngoj hm N`rrm`s pjrj rmjdgzjr dj `pmrjngþo rmtgrjhj hm e`oh`s. Mstm smrvgng` sm prmstjrê hmshm nujdqugmr `egngoj qum prmstm smrvgng` hm movâ` hm hgomr`. ]oj vmz mo dj `egngoj hm N`rrm`s, md ndgmotm goe`rbj hmd smrvgng` hmsmjh`. Mo mstm njs`, rmtgrjr memntgv` mo dj numotj hm dj Motghjh Egojongmrj VVV hm dj qum ms tgtudjr. Md pr`nmhgbgmot` mo dj `egngoj ms md hm pji` hm uo igr` gobmhgjt`. Mstj `pmrjtgvj mstê hmtjddjh` mo md pr`nms` hm Movâ` hm Hgomr` y mo md Bjoujd hm ^MHG. Dj óognj hgemrmongj ms qum jd gotr`hungr mo md sgstmbj md d`njdgzjh`r hmd igr` gobmhgjt`, hm e`rbj jut`bêtgnj sm n`bpdmtjo d`s njbp`s omnmsjrg`s pjrj md pji` hmd igr`. Md mbpdmjh` hm dj `egngoj o` tmohrê qum goe`rbjr hm ogoióo hjt` jd sgstmbj. Mstjs `pmrjng`oms j pmsjr hm rmjdgzjrsm j trjvçs hm dj jpdgnjngþo hm Movâ` hm Hgomr` hm N`rrm`s o` mstêo sucmtjs j n`otr`dms hm QLN, yj qum d`s e`oh`s pr`vgmomo hm uoj numotj n`rrgmotm y md `rhmojotm hmd pji` ms md pr`pg` Ljon`, p`r d` qum çs mstm md sucmt` `ldgijh` j memnt`s hm QLN. Xrjs rmjdgzjr dj `pmrjtgvj mo ^IGM, imomrjb`s md custgegnjotm pjrj rmn`imr dj egrbj hmd ndgmotm. Md mbpdmjh` motrmij md gbp`rtm jd hmstgojtjrg` cuot` n`o md e`rbudjrg` hm pji` n`o su egrbj. ]oj n`pgj egrbjhj qumhj mo dj @egngoj. ]oj n`pgj hmd rmsiujrh` hm jhbgsgþo hm Movâ` hm Hgomr` sm motrmij jd ndgmotm y `trj ms pjrj dj `egngoj.
5.> X\G@H@^ Md smrvgng` hm n`djl`rjngþo n`o md Xrg`h`s Ljok pjrj djs jhbgsg`oms hm movâ`s hm hgomr` hm jl`o` mo numotj ms buy sgbgdjr jd pr`nmhgbgmot` hm jhbgsgþo mo G\G^ hm igr` jhbgogstrjtgv`. Dj óognj hgemrmongj `pmrjtgvj mxgstm trjs n`bpdmtjr dj `pmrjngþo, md usujrg` motrmij jd ndgmotm md custgegnjotm hm jhbgsgþo cuot` j `tr` h`nubmot` hm goe`rbjngþo imomrjh` p`r dj gbprms`rj budtgeuongþo, mo hgnf` h`nubmot` sm goe`rbj jd ndgmotm qum Xrg`h`s Ljok qum p`stmrg`rbmotm sm dm jpdgnjrê uo n`stm p`r dj mcmnungþo hmd smrvgng` y hmd gbp`rtm. Hgnf` gbp`rtm smrê njrijh` mo dj numotj hm hmstgo` hm d`s e`oh`s hm hgnfj `pmrjngþo. Dj `pmrjngþo hm jhbgsgþo mo G\G^ o` tgmom n`stm pjrj md ndgmotm. Jhmbês, `pmrjtgvjbmotm tmohrmb`s qum rmn`imr dj egrbj hmd ndgmotm mo md gbprms` hm goe`rbjngþo hgsmújh` jd memnt`, pjrj su p`stmrg`r nust`hgj mo md bumldm jrnfgvjh`r hm dj `egngoj, mo uoj oumvj njrpmtj ddjbjhj Xrg`h`s, hurjotm uo jú`. Mo md njs` hm imomrjrsm imomrjrsm s`d` uoj n`pgj hmd hmd h`nubmot` goe`rbjtgv` goe`rbjtgv` hm Xrg`h`s Xrg`h`s p`r dj gbprms`rj budtgeuongþo smrê omnmsjrg` rmjdgzjr uoj e`t`n`pgj pjrj motrmiêrsmdj jd ndgmotm y `trj pjrj rmn`imr su e grbj. Mcmbpd` hmd h`nubmot` goe`rbjtgv` hm Xrg`h`s.
>15
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
5.8 YM^ XM\O ]OG @O J. Hmegogngþo N`rrm`s tgmom n`onmrtjh` n`o Ymstmro ]og`o dj trjosemrmongj hm hgomr` motrm oumstrjs `egngojs y d`s pjâsms qum prmstjo md smrvgng` hm —Xrjosemrmon —Xrjosemrmongj gj hm hgomr` mo bgout`s‒ (Ygdd Njdd) qum tgmom djs sgiugmotms njrjntmrâstgnjs3 njrjntmrâstgnjs3 - Qmrbgtm movgjr y rmtgrjr hgomr` mo nujdqugmrj hm djs `egngojs qum Ymstmro ]og`o tgmom mo bês hm <11 pjâsms. - Md hgomr` mstê hgsp`ogldm bgout`s bgout`s hmspuçs hm su jhbgsgþo mo vmotjogddj y sm bjotgmom mo md sgstmbj pjrj su pji` hurjotm 71 hâjs. J pjrtgr hm mstm b`bmot`, sg md ndgmotm qugmrm rmnupmrjr su hgomr` `, p`r `tr` djh`, bjotmomr su pji` mo md pjâs hm hmstgo`, dj trjosjnngþo hmlm hm smr rmjntgvjhj (rmo`vjhj) p`r d`s ^mrvgng`s Nmotrjdms. Qjrj mdd` dj `egngoj n`rrmsp`ohgmotm, tgmom qum p`omrsm mo n`otjnt` n`o md Njdd Nmotmr (<> >81 // 7: =75 >>81), pjrj qum dj trjosemrmongj smj rmjntgvjhj ` hmvumdtj j `rgimo p`r md b`ot` prgongpjd, pjrj su p`stmrg`r pji` mo md sgstmbj. - Md rmbgtmotm hmlm goe`rbjr jd lmomegngjrg` qum pumhm n`lrjr dj trjosemrmongj mo djs `egngojs hm nujdqugmr jimotm Ymstmro ]og`o hmd pjâs hm hmstgo` mo qum md smrvgng` mstç gbpdjotjh`. Hmlm pr`p`rng`ojrdm d`s sgiugmotms hjt`s3 ¹ O`blrm y jpmddgh`s hmd rmbgtmotm. ¹ Gbp`rtm qum mspmrj rmnglgr. ¹ Nguhjh y pjâs hm `rgimo. ¹ Oóbmr` hm n`otr`d hm dj Xrjosemrmongj, BXNO. - Md movâ` hm hgomr` pumhm gondugr smrvgng`s jhgng`ojdms - @png`oms hm motrmij3 bmhgjotm o`tgegnjngþo tmdmeþognj. Bmosjcms. - Md pji` mo Mspjúj, sm memntój sþd` nujoh` nujoh` sm prmsmotj dj ghmotgegnjngþo vêdghj y n`rrmntj cuot` n`o md n`rrmsp`ohgmotm BXNO. - Md dâbgtm hm Mspjúj p`r trjosemrmongj (movâ` ` pji`) ms hm >.111 mur`s p`r pmrs`oj y hâj, tjot` tjot` p`r rmbgrmbgtmotm n`b` p`r lmomegngjrg`. Ymstmr ]ogþo bgirj j uoj vmrsgþo hmo`bgojhj KWN-1<. Mstm oumv` sgstmbj hmtmntjrê nujoh` uo ndgmotm hm Ymstmro ]og`o fj rmjdgzjh` `pmrjng`oms y p`r n`osgiugmotm tgmom dj h`nubmotjngþo msnjomjhj mo d`s smrvgng`s hm Ymstmr ]ogþo, o` s`dgngtjoh` p`r d` tjot` md v`dvmr j msnjomjr dj h`nubmotjngþo, gohmpmohgmotmbmotm sg dj `pmrjngþo ms hm movâ` ` hm pji`. ^â qum smrê omnmsjrg` msnjomjr d`s h`nubmot`s hm t`h`s jqumdd`s ndgmotms qum vjyjo j djs `egngojs hm N`rrm`s p`r prgbmrj vmz y, p`r d` tjot`, su h`nubmotjngþo t`hjvâj o` mstjlj jd`cjhj mo d`s smrvgh`rms hm Ymstmr ]ogþo.
L. Jnnms` ]oj vmz monmohgh` md `rhmojh`r y md hgrmnt`r hm dj `egngoj fj jlgmrt` tjot` dj `egngoj n`b` md rmst` hm djs vmotjogddjs qum mstêo `pmrjtgvjs mo dj bgsbj jnnmhmb`s jd smrvgng` hm trjosjnng`oms hm Ymstmro ]og`o. Md jnnms` j dj jpdgnjngþo sm rmjdgzj p`r dj sgiugmotm ]\D ` p`r Grgs3 - Jnnms` p`r G\G^. Md jnnms` j dj jpdgnjngþo jpdgnjngþo mstjrê gotmirjh` mo G\G^ 5, hmshm md l`tþo —Ddjbjhjs j sgstmbjs mxtmro`s‒. - Jnnms` p`r modjnm3 fttps3//wup`s.wmstmrouog`o.n`b.
N. Qjotjddj gogng` n`o sus euong`oms prgongpjdms Md sgstmbj goe`rbjrê jd usujrg` hm3 - Jvgs`s nrâtgn`s nrâtgn`s qum jpjrmnmo mo dj smnngþo hmd tjldþo goe`rbjtgv` r`c` hm dj pjotjddj.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
>19
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
-
D`s hmstgo`s usjh`s n`o bês ermnumongjs, pjrj ejngdgtjr md jnnms` j d`s bgsb`s. @png`oms mo —@tr`s ^mrvgng`s‒, j dj gzqugmrhj hm dj pjotjddj goe`rbjrê hm n`b` B`hgegnjr trjosjnngþo3 b`hgegnjngþo hjt`s lmomegngjrg` Gosnrgpngþo Xjrcmtj Xjrcmtj I`dh Njrh3 gosnrglgr j d`s ndgmotms mo md pr`irjbj hm gonmotgv`s hm dj Xjrcmtj hm Y] Goe`rbjngþo hmd pjâs3 pjâs3 n`bpr`ljr n`bpr`ljr djs rmstrgnng`oms mspmnâegnjs hmd pjâs hm hmstgo`. \mp`rtm hm trjosemrmongjs3 n`bpr`ljr djs trjosjnng`oms rmjdgzjhjs p`r dj `egngoj Lósqumhj hm jimotms3 d`njdgzjr d`s jimotms pjijh`rms mo md pjâs hm hmstgo`. Goe`rbm hm jntgvghjh3 rmigstr` hm trjosjnngþo trjosjnngþo j sjnjr p`r dj `egngoj jd egojd hmd hâj. Mstjh` hm trjosemrmongjs3 trjosemrmongjs3 n`osudtjr mo quç quç mstjh` sm monumotrj dj trjosemrmongj. trjosemrmongj. Egrbj hmd usujrg`3 njpturj egrbj hgigtjd hmd mbpdmjh`.
H. E`rbjdgz E`rbjdgzjngþo jngþo ]oj vmz qum mstjb`s hmotr` hm dj jpdgnjngþo, pr`nmhmrmb`s j gosmrtjr nujdqugmrj hm d`s nrgtmrg`s hm lósqumhj hm ndgmotms hm Ymstmro ]og`o. D`s hjt`s j gosmrtjr mo md sgstmbj d`s p`hmb`s jo`tjr hmshm md e`rbudjrg` rêpgh` hm movâ` hm hgomr` sg md ndgmotm rmbgtmotm fj qumrgh` nubpdgbmotjrd` ` lgmo mstm pumhm n`buognjrd`s vmrljdbmotm (d`s hjt`s j gosmrtjr sgmbprm fjo hm gr vmrgegnjh`s p`r md pmrs`ojd hm N`rrm`s). ^g md ndgmotm yj fj rmjdgzjh` trjosemrmongjs hm movâ` hm hgomr` p`r bmhg` hm Ymstmro ]og`o, Y]Q@^ goe`rbjrê hm mdd` nujoh` sm nubpdgbmotm jdiuoj hm djs `png`oms hm d`s rmnujhr`s hm —L]^Z]MHJ HMD \MBGXMOXM‒. Mo md njs` hm qum md rmbgtmotm ouonj fjyj movgjh` dj jpdgnjngþo goe`rbj hm mdd`.
Fjy qum nubpdgbmotjr t`h`s d`s njbp`s n`o jstmrgsn`s mo r`c` (*) ^g yj mxgstm mo dj ljsm hm hjt`s hm Ymstmro ]og`o, jpjrmnmrê uoj dgstj hm p`sgldms lmomegngjrg`s. ^g md ndgmotm hmsmj movgjr uo hgomr` j uo lmomegngjrg` hm dj dgstj, sm smdmnng`ojrê mstm y t`h`s d`s hjt`s smrêo v`dnjh`s jd sgstmbj hm Y]Q@^. Mo njs` hm qum d`s hjt`s hmd ndgmotm rmbgtmotm o` n`gonghjo n`o md h`nubmot` jp`rtjh` (njddm, o` tmdçe`o`) sm smdmnng`ojrê —Oumv` rmbgtmotm‒. Hmd bgsb` b`h`, sg md ndgmotm lmomegngjrg` o` sm monumotrj mo md hmspdmijldm sm smdmnng`ojrê —Oumv` lmomegngjrg`‒.
>16
Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
Jd giujd qum mo djs tjrcmtjs Ymstmro ]og`o, rmjdgnm dj lósqumhj p`r nujdqugmrj hm djs trms `png`oms, sm jsgioj md rmbgtmotm-lmomegngjrg`-pjâs (mst`s hjt`s pumhmo smr b`hgegnjh`s j mxnmpngþo hmd rmbgtmotm, j d` djri` hm dj trjosjnngþo). Mo njs` hm o` mxgstgr md ndgmotm rmbgtmotm mo dj ljsm hm hjt`s hm Ymstmro ]og`o, sm tmohrêo qum nubpdgbmotjr t`h`s d`s hjt`s qum o`s goe`rbm md sgstmbj, y dj prþxgbj vmz qum sm prmsmotm md ndgmotm jpjrmnmrê mo dj dgstj hm ndgmotms hm Y]Q@^. ]oj vmz gosmrtjh`s d`s hjt`s hmd rmbgtmotm fjy qum nubpdgbmotjr d`s hjt`s hmd pjâs hm hmstgo` mo md jpjrtjh` —GOE@\BJNGÞO HM X\JO^EM\MONGJ‒ ^m mdmigrê md pjâs j movgjr, sm gosmrtjrê dj b`omhj hm movâ` ` dj b`omhj qum sm qugmrm rmnglgr mo hmstgo`.
Gostrunng`oms3 - @lsmrvjr qum pumhm fjlmr vjrgjs `png`oms hm b`omhj b`omhj hm pji` mo md pjâs hm hmstgo`, p`r d` qum sm tgmom qum mdmigr n`rrmntjbmotm dj b`omhj hm pji`. - Mo njs` hm tmomr qum njblgjr hm b`omhj hm pji` ` md pjâs hm hmstgo`, sm pumhm rmjdgzjr md njblg` hm b`omhj hmspdmijoh` oumvjbmotm md nfmnk dgst, sgo pmrhmr d`s hjt`s irjljh`s n`o jotmrg`rghjh. - Goirmsjr dj njotghjh hm hgomr` j movgjr, mstj pumhm smr goirmsjhj mo b`omhj d`njd (mur`s) —Njotghjh hm movâ`‒, mo b`omhj hmd pjâs hm hmstgo`, —Njotghjh j rmnglgr‒ ` mo —Njotghjh t`tjd‒ h`ohm tm njdnudj dj njotghjh hmd b`ot` prgongpjd j movgjr bês dj n`bgsgþo. - ^g md pjâs jhbgtm md smrvgng` hm movgjr bmosjcms, sm hmspdmijrê md njbp` —jújhgr bmosjcm‒, y sm gosmrtjrê md bmosjcm j movgjr. - Xjblgço goe`rbjrê md sgstmbj, sg md ndgmotm tgmom uo nþhgi` nþhgi` hm pr`b`ngþo. - N`o mst`s hjt`s hjt`s md sgstmbj njdnudjrê md gbp`rtm hm dj trjosemrmongj. J n`otgoujngþo sm nubpdgbmotjrê d`s smrvgng`s hm motrmij hmd pjâs hm hmstgo`. ^g md pjâs o` tgmom smrvgng` hm motrmij, mo md sgstmbj p`r hmemnt` sm smdmnng`ojrê —ogoiuo`‒ Xmomr mo numotj qum tjot` dj Motrmij Eâsgnj, dj O`tgegnjngþo p`r Xmdçe`o` ` Hgrmnt t` Ljok, pumhmo tmomr njri`s jhgng`ojdms, qum jut`bêtgnjbmotm smrêo njdnudjh`s p`r md sgstmbj, y sm p`hrê vgsujdgzjr su gbp`rtm mo dj vmotjoj hm Y]Q@^ qum egiurj mo dj pjrtm gzqugmrhj hm dj pjotjddj, mo dj goe`rbjngþo hm dj trjosemrmongj ` mo dj n`oegrbjngþo hm dj trjosemrmongj. ^g md pjâs jhbgtm uo smrvgng` jhgng`ojd hm motrmij, sm nubpdgbmotjrêo t`h`s jqumdd`s njbp`s qum md sgstmbj rmqugmrj. Mcmbpd`; Hgrmnt t` Ljok. ]oj vmz nubpdgbmotjh` d`s smrvgng`s hm motrmij (sg md ndgmotm s`dgngtþ jdiuo` hm mdd`s), sm vmdjrê pjrj qum t`h`s d`s hjt`s hmd ndgmotm n`gonghjo n`o dj h`nubmotjngþo jp`rtjhj p`r md bgsb`. ^g md ndgmotm yj mxgstm mo dj ljsm hm hjt`s, md sgstmbj vumdvj t`h`s d`s hjt`s hmd bgsb` tmogçoh`d`s óognjbmotm qum n`tmcjr vgmoh` qum n`gohgnmo n`o dj h`nubmotjngþo jp`rtjhj. ^g md ndgmotm tgmom hgrmnngþo tmbp`rjd, sm gotr`hungrêo mo md sgstmbj jbljs hgrmnng`oms. Ms hmngr, mo dj pjrtm hjt`s hmd rmbgtmotm sm gotr`hunm md h`bgngdg` qum egiurj mo dj h`nubmotjngþo, sgo mbljri`, mo hgrmnngþo tmbp`rjd sm p`hrê gotr`hungr md h`bgngdg` h`ohm mstç jntujdbmotm rmsghgmoh` md ndgmotm rmbgtmotm.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
>17
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
J n`otgoujngþo, md sgstmbj rmjdgzjrê dj sgiugmotm prmiuotj, °movâj md hgomr` mo o`blrm hm uo tmrnmr`0 O`/^â. ^gmbprm fjlrê qum smdmnng`ojr —O@‒ hmlgh` j qum Ymstmro ]og`o o` jhbgtm movâ`s j o`blrm hm uo tmrnmr` og jut`rgzjng`oms. ^m nubpdgbmotj md o`blrm hmd rmnmpt`r sgmoh` `png`ojd md smiuoh` o`blrm. Mo —Mdgcj e`rbjt`‒ sm pumhm b`hgegnjr pjrj p`omr jpmddgh` pjtmro` y bjtmro` hmd lmomegngjrg` ` sþd` md pjtmro`. ^mdmnng`ojb`s mo Qrm-gbprgbgr. Yup`s hmv`dvmrê md bmosjcm hm mrr`r —\=6<: „ Q`r ejv`r gotr`huznj pr`pþsgt` vêdgh`‒. Mo b`tgv` hm dj trjosjnngþo jpjrmnmo djs sgiugmotms `png`oms3 - Jyuhj ejbgdgjr / N`stm hm vghj - Jf`rr` / Govmrsgþo \mijd` Qji` hm lgmoms ` smrvgng`s / Xrjosjnngþo n`bmrngjd - Ijst`s hm vgjcm - Bjtrânudj msn`djr Jdqugdmr / Fgp`tmnj Mbmrimongj / Jyuhj bçhgnj Njrghjh / Jyuhj pjrj pji`s Oþbgojs / Ijst`s hm mbpdmjh`s - Cumi`s Hmlm smdmnng`ojrsm —prmgbprgbgr rmngl`‒, pmr` jotms ms omnmsjrg` njpturjr dj gbjimo hm GH/H`nubmot`‒. Qr`nmhmb`s j sulgr dj gbjimo hmshm Imsnjo. ^m n`oegrbj dj `pmrjngþo p`r pjrtm hmd mbpdmjh` y n`oegrbjb`s dj njotghjh t`tjd j n`lrjr jd ndgmotm jo`têoh`d` mo md njbp` —Jo`tm dj njotghjh t`tjd‒ y vjdghjb`s mo —N`oegrbjr‒ Q`r ódtgb`, `ltmohrmb`s md oóbmr` hm n`otr`d (BXNO) n`o md rmiujrh` mo pjotjddj qum hmlmb`s gbprgbgr pjrj hêrsmd` jd ndgmotm rmbgtmotm n`b` custgegnjotm hmd movâ` yj qum mo dj `egngoj o` o`s qumhjb`s n`o ogoiuoj n`pgj, md rmsiujrh` qumhj rmigstrjh` mo md smrvgh`r hm Y].
M. I`dh Njrh ^grvm pjrj gosnrglgr j uo ndgmotm mo md pr`irjbj hm puot`s hm dj tjrcmtj hm Ymstmro ]og`o. Nubpdgbmotjh`s t`h`s d`s hjt`s hmd sgstmbj, Y]Q@^, jsgiojrê uo oóbmr` hm tjrcmtj jd ndgmotm, h`ohm sm dm grêo jnubudjoh` puot`s, pjrj qum mst`s smjo njocmjh`s mo euturjs trjosjnng`oms. O` sm motrmij tjrcmtj eâsgnj jd ndgmotm.
9. DÂOMJ MN@OÞBG MN@OÞBGNJ NJ Dj dâomj mn`oþbgnj n`bprmohm d`s sgiugmotms pr`hunt`s - Nmn`irjbjs. - Dglr`s. - Dglr`s n`o tjrcmtj. - Quldgn`rrm`. - Quldgnjng`oms pmrg`hgnjs. - Quldgnjng`oms pmrgþhgnjs hm pjrtgh`s p`dgtgn`s y sgohgnjt`s. - Quldgnghjh sgo hgrmnng`o (puldgluz`o) - Quldgn`rrm` þptgb` X`h`s ngrnudjo n`b` movâ`s `rhgojrg`s. ]oj vmz ghmotgegnjh` md pr`hunt`, sm n`bprumlj qum nubpdm n`o t`h`s d`s rmqugsgt`s pjrj ngrnudjr p`r N`rrm`s smióo dj `pngþo mdmighj3 pms`, njotghjh bâogbj hm hmstgojtjrg`s, jn`ohgng`ojbgmot`. ^m jhbgtmo n`bpr`ljoh` qum md jn`ohgng`ojbgmot` nubpdm d`s rmqugsgt`s omnmsjrg`s pjrj ijrjotgzjr dj smiurghjh hmd n`otmogh`. Jhmbês, sm hmlm tmomr mo numotj qum hmlm prmsmotjrsm jlgmrt` `
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Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
mo mbljdjcms qum ejngdgtmo su jpmrturj, j ego hm pmrbgtgr dj gospmnngþo hmd n`otmogh`. Mst`s s`lrms jlgmrt`s pumhmo sustgtugrsm p`r mbljdjcms hm pdêstgn` trjospjrmotm, qum pmrbgtjo vmr su n`otmogh`, pmr` mo mstm njs` md b`hmd` hm movjsm hmlm mstjr jut`rgzjh` y ngrnudjr s`d` p`r md smrvgng` gotmrg`r.
9.: Quldgn`rrm Qul dgn`rrm` ` mstêohjr Qjrj N`rrm`s, md \midjbmot` qum rmiudj dj prmsmotjngþo hm d`s ^mrvgng`s Q`stjdms, n`osghmrj Quldgnghjh Hgrmntj jd movâ` qum, hmstgojh` j dj pr`b`ngþo y vmotj hm lgmoms y smrvgng`s, rmóoj jhmbês d`s sgiugmotms rmqugsgt`s3 - Zum mstç e`rbjh` p`r nujdqugmr n`buognjngþo n`buognjngþo qum n`osgstj uognjbmotm uognjbmotm mo jouong`s, jouong`s, mstuhg`s hm bmrnjh` ` puldgnghjh. - Zum n`otmoij uo bmosjcm sgbgdjr, juoqum juoqum md o`blrm, o`blrm, dj hgrmnngþo hgrmnngþo y nujdqugmr oóbmr` oóbmr` n`onrmt` hm ghmotgegnjngþo qum sm jsgiomo j sus hmstgojtjrg`s, smjo hgstgot`s mo njhj njs`. - Zum sm rmbgtj j bês hm =11 hmstgojtjrg`s, juoqum mst`s smjo hm êblgt` ojng`ojd ` gotmrojng`ojd. - Zum sm hgrgcj j djs smújs gohgnjhjs p`r md rmbgtmotm mo md `lcmt` bgsb` ` mo su mov`dturj. - Zum su hgstrglungþo sm memntóm mo s`lrm jlgmrt` pjrj ejngdgtjr su gospmnngþo p`stjd. p`stjd. - Zum mo su nulgmrtj egiurm dj mxprmsgþo mxprmsgþo QH (Quldgnghjh Hgrmntj) j memnt`s hm ejngdgtjr dj ghmotgegnjngþo hm d`s movâ`s. Mo dj s`djpj sm gohgnjrê —Qjrj gospmnngþo Q`stjd jlrgr jquâ‒. - Djs n`buognjng`oms n`buognjng`oms qum n`otgmomo dj puldgnghjh hgrmntj n`o `tr` `lcmt` mo md bgsb` mov`dt`rg`, tmohrêo dj n`osghmrjngþo p`stjd qum, p`r su ojturjdmzj, puhgmrj n`rrmsp`ohmr j hgnf` `lcmt`, n`o gohmpmohmongj hmd trjtjbgmot` qum rmngljo j memnt`s hm tjrgejngþo. - D`s njtêd`i`s sm n`osghmrjo movâ`s hm puldgnghjh hgrmntj. ^`o e`rbjt`s qum n`otgmomo hgrmnng`oms, puot`s hm vmotj u `emrtjs hm pr`hunt`s. Ms uo smrvgng` hm êblgt` ojng`ojd m gotmrojng`ojd3 - Êblgt` Ojng`ojd3 Mspjúj y Joh`rrj. ¹ S`oj J3 Jpdgnjldm j dj bgsbj d`njdghjh hm `rgimo, j njpgtjdms hm pr`vgongj, j d`njdghjhms n`o Jhbgogstrjng`oms hm N`rrm`s y j p`ldjng`oms hm + hm =1.111 fjlgtjotms. ¹ S`oj L3 \mst` hm hmstgo`s. - Êblgt` Gotmrojng`ojd3 t`h`s d`s pjâsms.
9.< Quldgn`rrm Qul dgn`rrm` ` þptgb` ^us rmqugsgt`s s`o3 - Zum mstç e`rbjh` p`r nujdqugmr n`buognjngþo n`buognjngþo qum n`osgstj mo n`buognjng`oms puldgngtjrgjs ` pr`b`ng`ojdms, bumstrjs, njtêd`i`s, mstuhg`s hm bmrnjh` ` puldgnghjh. - Zum n`otmoij uo bmosjcm sgbgdjr, juoqum md o`blrm, dj hgrmnngþo y nujdqugmr oóbmr` ` nþhgi` hm ghmotgegnjngþo qum sm jsgiom j sus hmstgojtjrg`s, smjo hgstgot`s mo njhj njs`. - Zum sm rmbgtj j bês hm :11 hmstgojtjrg`s p`r rmbmsj. ^m njrjntmrgzjo p`rqum3 - ^`o movâ`s n`o hgrmnngþo. Djs smújs p`hrêo egiurjr mo md `lcmt` bgsb` ` mo su mov`dturj. - Md pmrs`ojd jut`rgzjh` hm N`rrm`s, mo mspmngjd mo md pr`nms` hm jhbgsgþo, p`hrê n`bpr`ljr n`bpr`ljr qum d`s movâ`s nubpdmo n`o njrjntmrâstgnjs pr`pgjs hmd pr`hunt` n`otrjtjh`. - Zum mo su nulgmrtj ` mov`dturj hmlm gohgnjrsm qum sm trjtj hm uo movâ` hm Quldgn`rrm` Þptgb`. Hmspdgmij sus memnt`s mo t`h` md êblgt` ojng`ojd3 Mspjúj y Joh`rrj. Md pms` bêxgb` p`r movâ` smrê hm 611 irjb`s.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
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mhgt`rgjd } nmp
9.> Quldgluzþo Bâogb` hm :11 mcmbpdjrms.
9.8 Dglr`s \mqugmrmo qum md rmbgtmotm smj uoj mhgt`rgjd, hgstrglugh`rj ` nmotr` hm mosmújozj p`r n`rrmsp`ohmongj jut`rgzjh`s.
9.= Quldgnjng`oms pmrgþhgnjs Jut`rgzjh`s p`r dj Hgrmnngþo N`bmrngjd hm N`rrm`s. Bâogb` hm =1 mcmbpdjrms p`r rmbmsj.
9.5 Nmn`irjbjs X`h`s d`s movâ`s pjrj ngmi`s movgjh`s j uoj `rijogzjngþo pjrj ngmi`s ` p`r uoj `rijogzjngþo pjrj ngmi`s ` movgjh`s j uoj pmrs`oj ngmij ` pjrj uoj pmrs`oj ngmij, mstjrêo mx`omrjh`s hm djs tjsjs p`stjdms, n`o mxndusgþo hm djs s`lrmtjsjs jçrmjs, mo dj bmhghj mo qum ms`s movâ`s smjo jhbgtgh`s n`b` tjdms mo md smrvgng` gotmro` hmd `pmrjh`r hmsgiojh` hm `rgimo. —Qmrs`oj ngmij‒ sgiogegnj t`hj pmrs`oj rmigstrjhj `egngjdbmotm n`b` ngmij ` n`o hgsnjpjnghjh vgsujd mo su pjâs ` qum rmsp`ohm j djs hmegogng`oms hm dj @rijogzjngþo Buohgjd hm dj ^jduh pjrj pmrs`oj ngmij ` pmrs`oj n`o ljcj vgsgþo. —@rijogzjngþo pjrj ngmi`s‒ sgiogegnj uoj gostgtungþo ` js`ngjngþo qum jtgmohm ` rmprmsmotj `egngjdbmotm j djs pmrs`ojs ngmijs. D`s movâ`s pjrj ngmi`s gonduymo dj n`rrmsp`ohmongj, dj dgtmrjturj, nujdqugmrj smj su e`rbjt` (bjtmrgjd juhgtgv`), y d`s mqugp`s ` d`s bjtmrgjdms pr`hungh`s ` jhjptjh`s pjrj jyuhjr j djs pmrs`ojs ngmijs j supmrjr d`s pr`ldmbjs hmrgvjh`s hm su nmiumrj, tjd n`b` sm gohgnj mo md rmidjbmot` rmdjtgv` j Movâ`s hm N`rrmsp`ohmongj.
6. MOUÂ@^ XMDMI\ÊE XMDMI\ÊEGN@^ GN@^ 6.: XMDMI\JBJ^ D`s tmdmirjbjs pumhmo smr smr hmp`sgtjh`s hmshm3 -
Djs `egngojs hm N`rrm`s.
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Xmdçe`o` 71< :79 :79 :79..
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N`rrm`s `odgom.
Md smrvgng` hm tmdmirjbj hm N`rrm`s n`osgstm mo dj trjosbgsgþo p`r vâj mdmntrþognj hm uo tmxt` pjrj su motrmij urimotm jd hmstgojtjrg` mo uoj hgrmnngþo hmtmrbgojhj, j trjvçs hm uo jpjrjt` tçdmx ` pjrj su n`buognjngþo jd hmstgojtjrg` tmdmeþognjbmotm.
J. Nubpdgbmotjngþo gbprms` Md ndgmotm hmlm rmddmojr md gbprms` hm jhbgsgþo XI-:, h`ohm jo`tjrê d`s hjt`s rmdjtgv`s jd hmstgojtjrg`, h`bgngdg` y d`njdghjh. Jsgbgsb`, pumhm jo`tjr md tmdçe`o` hmd hmstgojtjrg`. Mo md njbp` rmsmrvjh` pjrj dj hgrmnngþo pumhm msnrglgr n`b` hgrmnngþo vêdghj3 uo oóbmr` hm tmdçe`o`, ` hm ejx.
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Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
Jhmbês, sm n`osghmrjo hgrmnng`oms vêdghjs3 uo Jpjrtjh` hm N`rrm`s ` —Dgstj hm N`rrm`s‒; mo mst`s njs`s sm utgdgzjrê dj vâj gohgnjhj pjrj dj motrmij hmd tmdmirjbj. D`s tmdmirjbjs s`d` pumhmo hgrgigrsm j uo óogn` hmstgojtjrg`, p`r d` qum juoqum dj hgrmnngþo smj dj bgsbj, sg md ndgmotm qugmrm movgjr uo tmdmirjbj j vjrg`s hmstgojtjrg`s hmlmrê n`oemnng`ojr tjot`s tmdmirjbjs n`b` hmstgojtjrg`s fjyj. Ljc` dj hgrmnngþo egiurj md mspjng` rmsmrvjh` jd tmxt`, h`ohm msnrglgrê md bmosjcm qum qugmrm movgjr. Hmlm goe`rbjrsm jd ndgmotm qum d`s hjt`s hm rmbgtmotm o` sm trjosbgtmo j hmstgo` j o` smr qum sm gonduyjo mo md tmxt`.
L. Jhbgsgþo Dj jhbgsgþo hm uo tmdmirjbj gbpdgnj hjr hm jdtj hgnf` pr`hunt` n`o dj goe`rbjngþo bâogbj pjrj smr n`lrjh` y jdbjnmojh` mo G\G^5. Md usujrg` hmlm smdmnng`ojr md Xgp` hm tmdmirjbj qum sm qugmrm jhbgtgr. J bmhghj qum sm gotr`hunmo hjt`s, md sgstmbj vj b`strjoh` d`s njbp`s omnmsjrg`s pjrj n`bpdmtjr dj jhbgsgþo. ^m gotr`hunm uo nþhgi` p`stjd vêdgh`, sm vumdvm j fjnmr ndgp eumrj hmd njbp` ` sm pudsj tjludjh`r y sm bumstrj n`b` `ldgijt`rg` md njbp` O` pjdjlrjs rmjdms. ^m gotr`hunm md oóbmr` hm pjdjlrjs rmjdms qum tmohrê md tmdmirjbj. Xrjs pudsjr md l`tþo jnmptjr, sm hj hm jdtj md tmdmirjbj mo G\G^5. J n`otgoujngþo, sulm j l`dsj md gbp`rtm n`rrmsp`ohgmotm y jpjrmnm uo bmosjcm s`dgngtjoh` jd usujrg` qum gotr`huznj md gbprms` XI-: pjrj gbprgbgr dj vjdghjngþo hmd tmdmirjbj. Nujoh` sm rmjdgzj dj jhbgsgþo, md sgstmbj nrmj uoj l`dsj hm n`bprj (` jújhm md gbp`rtm j dj l`dsj mxgstmotm) y bumstrj uo bmosjcm goe`rbjtgv` mo dj pjrtm supmrg`r hm dj pjotjddj gohgnjoh` md oóbmr` hm tmdmirjbjs pmohgmotms hm movâ`. Mstj jdmrtj tjblgço sm bumstrj mo dj pjotjddj hm gogng`. ^g sm pudsj mo md modjnm, md sgstmbj bumstrj md bjotmogbgmot` hm tmdmirjbjs n`o t`h`s d`s tmdmirjbjs pmohgmotms hm movâ`.
6.< JHB G^G ÞO HM EJV QÓL DGN@ ( L]\@EJV) J. Hmegogngþo Md ndgmotm o` tgmom qum nubpdgbmotjr ogoióo gbprms`. D`s hjt`s qum sm gosmrtjo mo G\G^ sm rmn`imrêo hmd h`nubmot` qum jp`rtj md ndgmotm ` vmrljdbmotm. Qjrj rmjdgzjr dj jhbgsgþo hm uo Lur`ejx, mo md bmoó hm gogng` hm G\G^, hmotr` hm djs `png`oms hm jhbgsgþo smdmnng`ojb`s —Ejx‒. ]oj vmz qum jnnmhmb`s jd er`otjd hm jhbgsgþo hm Ejx hmotr` hmd njbp` —Xgp`‒ mdmigrmb`s hmotr` hmd hmspdmijldm md tgp` hm Lur`ejx qum md ndgmotm hmsmj n`otrjtjr. J n`otgoujngþo, goe`rbjb`s md —Oóbmr` hm Qêigojs‒ qum md ndgmotm vj j movgjr. O` sm jhbgtgrêo pêigojs mo ldjon` pjrj trjosbgtgrdjs. Mo dj pmstjúj —Hjt`s Hmstgo`‒, n`ostjrê md pjâs h`ohm sm movâj md h`nubmot` (p`r hmemnt` vgmom M^Q, Mspjúj), md o`blrm y d`s jpmddgh`s hmd hmstgojtjrg` hmd h`nubmot`, dj hgrmnngþo, md nþhgi` p`stjd y md tmdçe`o`/ejx (`png`ojd). ^g md Lur`ejx sm rmbgtm j uo hmstgo` gotmrojng`ojd sm smdmnng`oj mo —Qjâs Hmstgo`‒ djs gogngjdms hmd bgsb`, mo njs` hm hmsn`o`nmr djs pudsjb`s mo dj gbjimo hm dj dupj pjrj su d`njdgzjngþo. Md Lur`ejx s`d` pumhm hgrgigrsm j uo óogn` hmstgojtjrg`, p`r d` qum juoqum dj hgrmnngþo smj dj bgsbj, sg md ndgmotm qugmrm movgjr uo Lur`ejx j vjrg`s hmstgojtjrg`s hmlmrê n`oemnng`ojr tjot`s Lur`ejx n`b` hmstgojtjrg`s fjyj. Mo dj pmstjúj —Hjt`s @rgimo‒, n`ostj md pjâs (p`r hmemnt` jpjrmnm M^Q, Mspjúj), md o`blrm y d`s jpmddgh`s hmd rmbgtmotm, dj hgrmnngþo, md nþhgi` p`stjd, y md tmdçe`o`/ejx (`png`ojd).
Md rmbgtmotm tgmom dj ejnudtjh ejnudtjh hm s`dgngtjr qum sus hjt`s hjt`s smjo `nudtjh`s jd hmstgojtjrg`, hm e`rbj qum o` sm trjosbgtjo t rjosbgtjo j hmstgo`, pmr` qumhjo hgsp`ogldms
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
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mhgt`rgjd } nmp
pjrj dj rms`dungþo hm p`sgldms gonghmongjs mo dj `e gngoj hm jhbgsgþo. Qjrj mdd` jntgvjrmb`s dj njsgddj `nudtjr hjt`s hmd rmbgtmotm.
L. Jhbgsgþo Jhbgsgþo bódtgpdm ^g uo bgsb` rmbgtmotm vj j movgjr vjrg`s Lur`ejx j hgemrmotms hmstgojtjrg`s hmlmrmb`s jntgvjr md nfmnk hm Jhbgsgþo bódtgpdm, hm mstj e`rbj qumhjo ld`qumjh`s d`s Hjt`s hm `rgimo y mvgtjrmb`s tmomr qum nubpdgbmotjrd`s oumvjbmotm pjrj njhj movâ`. Nujoh` fjyjb`s hjh` hm jdtj md ódtgb` Lur`ejx hmlmb`s pudsjr mo Ego Jhb. Bódtgpdm; hm mstm b`h` mo md rmsiujrh` hm gbp`sgngþo pjrj md ndgmotm jpjrmnmrêo jirupjh`s t`h`s mdd`s cuot` jd n`ohgng`ojh` hmd smrvgng`. Mo njs` hm hjr hm ljcj jdióo Lur`ejx hm msj jhbgsgþo bódtgpdm sm imomrj jut`bêtgnjbmotm uo oumv` rmsiujrh` n`o dj rmdjngþo hm d`s movâ`s n`rrmnt`s, mo md qum o` egiurj md joudjh`. Md prgbmr rmsiujrh` hmlm smr hmstrugh`.
N. ^mrvgng`s jhgng`ojdms mdmigh`s p`r md ndgmotm ^g md ndgmotm hgsp`om hm n`otrjt`, fjy qum jntgvjr dj `pngþo hm pji` hgemrgh`. Mstj `pngþo s`d` sm jntgvj mo md Lur`ejx Qrmbgub, h`ohm fjy qum hmtjddjr md oóbmr` hm ndgmotm y hm n`otrjt` n`rrmsp`ohgmotm. Md gbp`rtm hm hgnfjs jhbgsg`oms o` sulgrê j l`dsj. Mo njs` hm emstgvghjh mo dj d`njdghjh hm hmstgo`, G\G^ prmsmotjrê uoj vmotjoj goe`rbjoh` hm msj n`otgoimongj. Mo mstm njs`, sg md ndgmotm hmnghm j pmsjr hm t`h` movgjr md ejx, sm hmlm jo`tjr mo md rmvmrs` hmd bgsb` dj gohgnjngþo —Jhvmrtgh` hmd p`sgldm rmtrjs`‒ y rmnjljr dj egrbj hmd rmbgtmotm ljc` dj jo`tjngþo. Ms gbp`rtjotm qum sm rmddmomo rmddmomo n`rrmntjbmotm d`s hjt`s hjt`s qum o`s ejngdgtjo d`s ndgmotms, pjrj mvgtjr tmomr qum b`hgegnjrd`s. ^g sm fjo hm b`hgegnjr, sgmbprm sm fjrê md bgsb` hâj hm jhbgsgþo y jotms hm qum md Lur`ejx fjyj sgh` trjosbgtgh`. D`s hjt`s qum sm pumhmo b`hgegnjr s`o d`s hm rmbgtmotm y hmstgojtjrg`, ouonj d`s vjd`rms jújhgh`s.
j. Qrumlj hm motrmij mdmntrþognj (QMM) ` Eâsgnj (QME) Nujoh` sm smdmnng`om QMM (prumlj hm motrmij mdmntrþognj), md ndgmotm rmnglgrê uo n`rrm` goe`rbêoh`dm hmd rmsudtjh` hm dj motrmij hmd Lur`ejx, mo md m-bjgd qum gohgnþ mo md b`bmot` hm su jhbgsgþo. ^g sm smdmnng`oj QME, md ndgmotm rmnglgrê mo pjpmd dj prumlj hm motrmij (n`b` md J\ jntujd).
l. Nmrtgegnjng`oms y N`pgjs Nmrtgegnjhjs Djs n`pgjs nmrtgegnjhjs sm pumhmo s`dgngtjr mo md b`bmot` hm dj gbp`sgngþo ` n`o p`stmrg`rghjh j mstj, jl`ojoh` dj tjsj n`rrmsp`ohgmotm. Mo md b`bmot` hm dj gbp`sgngþo md rmbgtmotm, pumhm s`dgngtjr uoj n`pgj nmrtgegnjhj, qumhêoh`sm dj `egngoj mo p`hmr hmd h`nubmot` `rgigojd, s`d` fjstj imomrjr dj nmrtgegnjngþo. ^g dj n`pgj nmrtgegnjhj ms s`dgngtjhj n`o p`stmrg`rghjh j dj trjosbgsgþo, N`rrm`s pumhm mbgtgr nmrtgegnjng`oms hm d`s bmosjcms trjosbgtgh`s sgo qum pjrj mdd` smj omnmsjrg` qum sm fjyjo qumhjh` d`s h`nubmot`s `rgigojdms mo dj `egngoj pums hgnf`s h`nubmot`s sm nust`hgjo mo m-h`nubmot` hurjotm md pdjz` qum fjyj mdmigh` md ndgmotm mo md b`bmot` hm dj jhbgsgþo (51 ` :<1 bmsms). Mo md njs` hm movâ`s hgrgigh`s j `tr`s pjâsms, s`d` sm p`hrê mbgtgr nmrtgegnjngþo hm gbp`sgngþo, ` n`pgj nmrtgegnjhj hm lur`ejx gbpumst`s mo oumstrjs `egngojs, ms p`r mdd` qum dj nmrtgegnjngþo fj hm s`dgngtjrsm mo md b`bmot` hm dj gbp`sgngþo yj qum dj `egngoj o` iujrhjrê h`nubmot`s y hm d`s lur`ejxms gotmroj-
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ng`ojdms o` sm iujrhj n`pgj mo m-h`nubmot`. Mo mstm smotgh`, ms omnmsjrg` goe`rbjr jd ndgmotm qum pjrj qum dj nmrtgegnjngþo tmoij vjdghmz mo md pjâs hm hmstgo`, hmlmrê gr jd n`osudjh` hm hgnf` pjâs mo Mspjúj y pmhgr qum dm vgsmo dj nmrtgegnjngþo mxpmhghj p`r oumstrj `egngoj.
N. Jvgs` hm smrvgng` (smrvgng` tjsjh`) ^m s`dgngtj n`o p`stmrg`rghjh j dj mxpmhgngþo hm uo bmosjcm. Bmhgjotm mstm smrvgng`, md mxpmhgh`r pumhm s`dgngtjr dj b`hgegnjngþo hm dj hgrmnngþo hm uo bmosjcm ` dj joudjngþo hmd bgsb`. Xjblgço sm hmlmo jtmohmr hmshm djs `egngojs djs s`dgngtuhms hm joudjngþo hm lur`ejx qum fjo sgh` gbpumst`s `o dgom. Zumhj mxndughj hm mstm smrvgng` dj pmtgngþo hm jndjrjngþo s`lrm dj motrmij hm uo lur`ejx, pjrj mstm smrvgng` sm utgdgzjrê dj s`dgngtuh hm nmrtgegnjngþo hm motrmij.
H. Imomrjr njrêtudj y rmsiujrh` Goe`rbjh`s d`s hjt`s mo md sgstmbj, sm dm dmmo jd ndgmotm d`s hjt`s irjljh`s, jotms hm jnmptjr dj irjljngþo mo G\G^, pjrj n`rrmigr d`s p`sgldms mrr`rms qum fulgçrjb`s p`hgh` n`bmtmr. ]oj vmz vmrgegnjh` sm pudsj jnmptjr, y md sgstmbj hj hm jdtj md Lur`ejx, sulgmoh` md gbp`rtm j l`dsj, imomrjoh` uoj njrêtudj n`o uoj oubmrjngþo OLVVVV n`o t`h`s d`s hjt`s goe`rbjh`s. Mstj njrêtudj jn`bpjújrê sgmbprm j d`s h`nubmot`s j trjosbgtgr, mo mddj egiurj tjblgço dj emnfj, f`rj hm jhbgsgþo, tgp` hm movâ`, vjd`rms jújhgh`s y `egngoj hm jhbgsgþo. Mo mstj njrêtudj egiurj md oóbmr` hm tmdçe`o` (\GN@3<5555) jd qum fjy qum movgjr md Lur`ejx. Cuot` j dj njrêtudj md sgstmbj gbprgbm `trj f`cj n`o md rmsiujrh` y md n`ohgng`ojh`, qum sm fj hm motrmijr jd ndgmotm. Imomrjhj dj njrêtudj hmd Lur`ejx sm dj prmsmotjrmb`s jd ndgmotm, pjrj qum egrbm mo md mspjng` rmsmrvjh` pjrj mdd`, jnmptjoh` dj trjosbgsgþo hm d`s h`nubmot`s jp`rtjh`s. Nujoh` md oóbmr` hm Lur`ejx j movgjr ms mdmvjh` y md ndgmotm o` vj j pmrbjomnmr mo dj `egngoj fjstj qum sm tmrbgom dj jhbgsgþo hm hgnf`s movâ`s, hmlm jp`rtjr uoj rmdjngþo h`ohm egiurm hmtjddjh`3 - O`blrm y hgrmnngþo hmd rmbgtmotm. - O`blrm y hgrmnngþo n`bpdmtj hm d`s hmstgojtjrg`s. - Oóbmr` hm pêigojs hm qum n`ostj njhj Lur`ejx. Mstj rmdjngþo tgmom qum mstjr egrbjhj p`r md rmbgtmotm y, mo njs` hm smr pmrs`oj curâhgnj, jhmbês hmlmrê jpjrmnmr md smdd` hm dj mbprmsj ` motghjh. Mstj rmdjngþo sm jn`bpjújrê j d`s Lur`ejx uoj vmz jhbgtgh`s y trjosbgtgh`s n`b` prumlj hmd n`oe`rbm n`o d`s hjt`s hm hgnf`s movâ`s. Mo njs` hm qum d`s h`nubmot`s j trjosbgtgr sm prmsmotmo mo uo mstjh` qum fjijo prmvmr qum o` ddmijrêo n`rrmntjbmotm j hmstgo`, sm fjrê n`ostjr hgnfj ngrnuostjongj mo dj nulgmrtj hmd gbprms`, n`o gohgnjngþo hm qum sm fjrê dj trjosbgsgþo n`o rgmsi` hmd mxpmhgh`r. ^g d`s hjt`s gbprms`s mo dj njrêtudj hmd movâ` n`otgmomo jdióo mrr`r, qum gbpghj md n`rrmnt` monjbgojbgmot` j hmstgo`, y md Lur`ejx jóo o` fj sgh` trjosbgtgh`, p`hmb`s b`hgegnjr d`s hjt`s hm rmbgtmotm y hmstgojtjrg`, gbprgbgçoh`sm hm oumv` `trj njrêtudj y rmsiujrh`. ]oj vmz rmgbprmsj sm fj hm hmstrugr dj prgbgtgvj pjrj mvgtjr mrr`rms. Qjrj rmjdgzjr uoj b`hgegnjngþo mo md bmoó prgongpjd, jnnmhmb`s j Imstgþo ?? Bjotmogbgmot` ?? Ejx. J n`otgoujngþo, egdtrjb`s pjrj d`njdgzjrd` y p`stmrg`rbmotm d` smdmnng`ojb`s pjrj p`hmr n`osudtjr d`s hjt`s hmd movâ` y b`hgegnjrd`s mo njs` hm smr omnmsjrg`.
M. N`lrjr gbp`rtms y motrmijr rmsiujrh` \mjdgzjhj dj jhbgsgþo, imomrjhj dj njrêtudj y md rmiujrh` n`o n`ohgng`ojh`, sm pr`nmhm jd n`lr` hmd gbp`rtm n`rrmsp`ohgmotm, tjot` sg md ndgmotm fj rmjdgzjh` uo movâ` n`b` sg fj rmjdgzjh` vjrg`s. Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
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E. \mjdgzjr dj trjosbgsgþo ]oj vmz jhbgtgh` md Lur`ejx, sm pr`nmhm j su movâ` jd oóbmr` hm tmdçe`o` hmd smrvgh`r (sgmbprm ms md <5555 ` 7:.8:6.68.<6). Mstj trjosbgsgþo hmlm smr gobmhgjtj. Nujoh` sm rmjdgzj dj trjosbgsgþo hmd Lur`ejx y mstj ms n`rrmntj, md rmp`sgt`rg` monjbgoj jut`bêtgnjbmotm md Lur`ejx j dj uoghjh hm rmpjrt` n`rrmsp`ohgmotm, pjrj su motrmij mo md h`bgngdg` hmd hmstgojtjrg`, ` j dj `egngoj nujoh` dj motrmij ms mo Dgstj ` Jpjrtjh`s. Qjrj dj trjosbgsgþo hmd Ejx sm pr`nmhm hm giujd bjomrj, sþd` qum sm bjrnjrê sgmbprm md oóbmr` hm ejx ejngdgtjh` p`r md ndgmotm, qum tjblgço egiurj mo dj njrêtudj imomrjhj p`r md sgstmbj. Mstj trjosbgsgþo hmlm smr gobmhgjtj, y mo md njs` hm Ejx jotms hm motrmijr md rmngl` jd ndgmotm. Nujoh` sm fjo trjosbgtgh` tjot` md ejx n`b` md Lur`ejx, md mqugp` ejx mbgtm uo goe`rbm hm trjosbgsgþo, h`ohm sm gohgnjo md oóbmr` hm pêigojs trjosbgtghjs y md rmsudtjh` hm dj trjosbgsgþo. ^g mstj o` ms n`rrmntj u `ermnm jdiuoj huhj sm rmpmtgrê fjstj qum md rmsudtjh` smj md mspmrjh`. D`s h`nubmot`s `rgigojdms jp`rtjh`s p`r md ndgmotm s`o hmvumdt`s j mstm uoj vmz qum fj egojdgzjh` dj trjosbgsgþo n`o rmsudtjh` p`sgtgv`. D`s h`nubmot`s qum jp`rtþ md ndgmotm o` sm hmv`dvmrêo j mstm nujoh` mdgim md smrvgng` jhgng`ojd hm n`pgj nmrtgegnjhj mo md bgsb` b`bmot` hm dj jhbgsgþo, fjstj qum mstj o` sm fjyj rmjdgzjh` p`r d`s rmsp`osjldms hm dj `egngoj. Mo md njs` qum md ndgmotm qum movâm uo lur`ejx ojng`ojd prmvmj qum vj j omnmsgtjr n`o p`stmrg`rghjh j dj trjosbgsgþo n`pgj nmrtgegnjhj, o` ms omnmsjrg` qum hmcm d`s h`nubmot`s hmp`sgtjh`s mo dj `egngoj yj qum md jrnfgv` hm d`s bgsb`s sm rmjdgzj mo m-h`nubmot` p`r md tgmbp` mdmigh` mo dj jhbgsgþo. Mo njs` hm qum md `rgigojd sm prmsmotm mo uo mstjh` qum fjij prmvmr qum o` ddmijrê n`rrmntjbmotm j hmstgo`, sm jo`tjrê mo dj njsgddj hm dj njrêtudj imomrjhj djs sgidjs \M (\gmsi` Mxpmhgh`r) rmn`igmoh` dj egrbj hmd ndgmotm. J ego hm mvgtjr pr`ldmbjs p`stmrg`rms, o` sm hjrê p`r n`bpdmtjbmotm jhbgtgh` uo Ejx fjstj qum sm fjyj p`hgh` rmjdgzjr dj trjosbgsgþo jd hmstgojtjrg`. ]oj vmz trjosbgtgh`s d`s Ejx/Lur`ejx, rmnglgh` md `k y rmjdgzjhjs djs n`pgjs nmrtgegnjhjs nujoh` pr`nmhjo, dj h`nubmotjngþo movgjhj sm n`osmrvjrê hurjotm uoj smbjoj ojturjd n`o md ego hm p`hmr rms`dvmr gonghmongjs qum pumhjo fjlmr surigh` mo dj trjosbgsgþo, nust`hgêoh`sm mo md bumldm jrnfgvjh`r hm dj @egngoj. Xrjosnurrgh` mstm pdjz` djs njrêtudjs y dj h`nubmotjngþo hm hgnf`s movâ`s, sm fj hm pr`nmhmr j su hmstrunngþo hm e`rbj smiurj, o` sm nust`hgjo mo dj `egngoj og sm jrnfgvjo mo dj smrgm 1<. ^m bjotmohrê uoj n`pgj mo dj @egngoj hm dj njrêtudj y hm d`s h`nubmot`s trjosbgtgh`s hm t`h`s d`s Lur`ejx qum o` fjyjo p`hgh` smr trjosbgtgh`s p`r ejx y sm p`stjdgnmo. Mst`s h`nubmot`s sm fjo hm jrnfgvjr mo md bumldm jrnfgvjh`r y sgmbprm smpjrjh`s hmd lur`ejx qum sâ sm fjo p`hgh` trjosbgtgr p`r ejx y qum n`b` sm fj hgnf` mo md puot` jotmrg`r mo uoj smbjoj sm fjo hm movgjr j hmstrunngþo smiurj.
7. JHBG JHBG^GÞO ^GÞO BJ^G BJ^GUJ UJ D`s ndgmotms n`o n`otrjt` pumhmo hmp`sgtjr d`s movâ`s jhcuotjoh` uo jdljrêo hm motrmij, mo md qum sm n`otmbpdj uoj smrgm hm hmsnumot`s mo euongþo hm d`s sgiugmotms jspmnt`s3 - Hmstgo`. Mo euongþo hmd hmstgo` sm hmegomo > êblgt`s3 ¹ D`njd sm jpdgnj j d`s movâ`s nuy` hmstgo` smj dj bgsbj d`njdghjh mo qum sm jhbgtmo. ¹ Hmstgo` : (H:) sm jpdgnj j d`s movâ`s hgrgigh`s j t`hjs djs njpgtjdms hm pr`vgongj y j jqumddjs d`njdghjhms gondughjs mo dj rmdjngþo hgsp`ogldm mo md bjoujd. ¹ Hmstgo` < (H<) sm jpdgnj jd rmst` hm d`s hmstgo`s. - U`dubmo hm movâ`s hm njhj hmpþsgt`
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Irjh` hm prmpjrjngþo3 ndjsgegnjngþo ndjsgegnjngþo y prmsmotjngþo mo dj `egngoj. Mo euongþo hmd ogvmd hm ndjsgegnjngþo hm d`s movâ`s prmsmotjh` mo dj `egngoj sm hmegomo > irjh`s3 ¹ I1.- Nujoh` dj prmpjrjngþo y prmsmotjngþo o` sm jcustj j d` rmqumrgh` mo d`s irjh`s : ` <. ¹ I:.- Ndjsgegnjh`s p`r pr`vgongjs, gondugh`s mo n`otmomh`rms p`r pr`vgongj ` z`oj y n`rrmntjbmotm ghmotgegnjh`s y r`tudjh`s. ¹ I<.- Ndjsgegnjh`s p`r nþhgi` p`stjd (= hâigt`s), gondugh`s mo n`otmomh`rms j hmstgo` egojd y n`rrmntjn`rrmntjbmotm ghmotgegnjh`s y r`tudjh`s n`o nþhgi` p`stjd y d`njdghjh.
7.: Jdljrjoms Md ndgmotm pumhm prmsmotjr trms tgp`s hm jdljrjoms3 - Jdljrêo n`o oulm hm puot`s. Mstm jdljrêo n`otgmom t`hj dj goe`rbjngþo mo uo nþhgi` dmigldm pjrj dj pgst`dj (< n`pgjs) - Jdljrêo n`o nþhgi` hm ljrrjs3 Mstm tgp` hm jdljrêo mstê prmrrmigstrjh` p`r md ndgmotm j trjvçs hm uoj jpdgnjngþo hm Gotmromt (< n`pgjs) - Jdljrêo n`oemnng`ojh` —j bjo`‒ (< n`pgjs) X`h`s d`s jdljrjoms hmlmo irjljrsm mo dj jpdgnjngþo G\G^, jnnmhgmoh` jd bmoó Jhbgsgþo??Jdljrjoms, y smdmnng`ojoh` md jdljrêo qum jp`rtj md ndgmotm. O` pumhmo jhbgtgrsm ljc` dj b`hjdghjh hm jdljrêo d`s sgiugmotms pr`hunt`s3 - MB^/Qjq Qrmbgub Gotmrojng`ojd - Qjq ^tjohjrh Gotmrojng`ojd - Qjqumtm Gotmrojng`ojd Mn`oþbgn` - Qjq Qrmbgub - Qjq Mstêohjr Dj jhbgsgþo hm mstm tgp` hm pr`hunt`s hmlm fjnmrsm hm e`rbj gohgvghujdgzjhj mo dj pjotjddj n`rrmsp`ohgmotm hm Grgs. ^mdmnng`ojoh` md tgp` hm erjoqum`3 Qjijh` ` Bêqugoj hm erjoqumjr, jntgvêoh`sm d`s njbp`s o³ hm n`otrjt` y ndgmotm y ms omnmsjrg` gotr`hungrd`s pjrj gbputjr md gbp`rtm hm hgnf` movâ` jd ndgmotm. Mstm tgp` hm movâ`s o` ms omnmsjrg` qum vmoijo jn`bpjújh`s hmd n`rrmsp`ohgmotm gbprms` hm jhbgsgþo3 B-::J pjrj Qjq Qrmbgub ` B-::g pjrj MB^-QJZ Qrmbgub Gotmrojng`ojd y Qjq ^tjohjrh yj qum sm pumhmo jhbgtgr n`o hgigtjdgzjngþo y jd tmrbgojr dj jhbgsgþo sm imomrj uo e`rbudjrg` pjrj md ndgmotm.
7.< N`otr`d ^gmbprm sm fj hm vmrgegnjr qum md n`otmogh` hmd jdljrêo n`gonghm n`o djs mspmngegnjng`oms hmegoghjs pjrj njhj pr`hunt` y b`hjdghjh. Nujoh` md v`dubmo hm movâ`s hmp`sgtjh`s p`r md ndgmotm mo vmotjogddj smj buy oubmr`s`, sm jntujrê hm dj sgiugmotm e`rbj3 ^`lrm uoj bumstrj mxtrjâhj jd jzjr sm rmjdgzj md n`otr`d nujdgtjtgv` hm d`s movâ`s; mst`s sm hmlmo jhjptjr j djs mspmngegnjng`oms hmegoghjs pjrj njhj pr`hunt` y b`hjdghjh. Mo d`s movâ`s erjoqumjh`s j bêqugoj sm n`bprumlj3 - Njdghjh y emnfj hm djs mstjbpjng`oms. - Oóbmr` hm bêqugoj qum egiurj mo djs mstjbpjng`oms. - Erjoqum` hm d`s movâ`s smióo smióo pr`hunt`, pr`hunt`, b`hjdghjh, b`hjdghjh, trjb` hm hm pms` y hmstgo`. hmstgo`. Mo d`s movâ`s n`o Erjoqum` Qjijh` sm n`bprumlj qum3 - Mo md jovmrs` hm d`s movâ`s egiurj md njcmtâo hm EQ n`o dj dmymohj n`rrmsp`ohgmotm. - D`s movâ`s pmrtmomnmo jd trjb` y êblgt` hm hmstgo` qum egiurj mo md jdljrêo.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
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mhgt`rgjd } nmp
Mo d`s movâ`s n`o Erjoqum` N`onmrtjh` sm n`bprumlj qum3 - Mo d`s movâ`s egiurj md njcmtâo / dmymohj EN O³... - Md o³ hm EN n`gonghm n`o md `t`rijh` j dj puldgnjngþo. - Md pms` hmd mcmbpdjr ms n`rrmnt`. - D`s movâ`s pmrtmomnmo jd trjb` hm pms` y êblgt` hm hmstgo` qum egiurj mo md jdljrêo hm motrmij. Md n`otr`d hm d`s êblgt`s hm hmstgo` sm fjrê bmhgjotm bumstrm`s, utgdgzjoh` dj jyuhj pjrj vmrgegnjr jd qum pmrtmomnm uo hmtmrbgojh` nþhgi` p`stjd. Nujoh` sm hmtmntmo movâ`s hm t`h`s d`s êblgt`s mo njhj uo` hm mdd`s y rmsudtm gbp`sgldm hmtmrbgojr nuêot`s pmrtmomnmo j njhj irup`, d`s movâ`s sm n`otjlgdgzjo t`h`s n`b` hmd êblgt` H<. Md n`otr`d nujotgtjtgv` sm memntój s`lrm njhj uo` hm d`s êblgt`s hm hmstgo` y trjb` hm pms` hgemrmotm. ^m n`bprumlj qum d`s irjh`s hm ndjsgegnjngþo hm njhj êblgt` hm hmstgo` prmsmotjh`s p`r md ndgmotm sm n`rrmsp`ohmo n`o d`s hmtjddjh`s y qum dj r`tudjngþo sm n`rrmsp`ohm n`o md irjh` hm ndjsgegnjngþo.
7.> Goe`rbjngþo jd ndgmotm mo njs` hm gonghmongj ^m fj hm goe`rbjr jd ndgmotm sgmbprm qum3 - Mo md n`otr`d hm movâ`s sm fjyjo jhvmrtgh` hgsnrmpjongjs n`o d` rmigstrjh` mo md jdljrêo, yj qum uoj vmz dmâh` mstm y jotms hm jhbgtgrd` smrê omnmsjrg` b`hgegnjrd` pjrj ejnturjr jd ndgmotm md gbp`rtm n`rrmnt`. - Grgs hm jdióo bmosjcm hm mrr`r. - ^g md jdljrêo ms hm bêqugojs bêqugojs hm erjoqumjr, erjoqumjr, mo md b`bmot` hm dj jhbgsgþo, G\G^ goe`rbj goe`rbj sg fjy hgsnrmpjongjs, motrm d` qum egiurj mo md jdljrêo y dj goe`rbjngþo hm dj jpdgnjngþo3 ¹ Bmosjcm qum mbgtm G\G^ mo —Ejdtj hm erjoqum`‒3 erjoqum`‒3 Md gbp`rtm o` n`gonghm n`o n`o md erjoqum`. Jnmptjr ` Njonmdjr ¹ Bmosjcm qum mbgtm G\G^ mo —^`lrmerjoqum`‒ Md jdljrêo vj j smr jhbgtgh` n`o s`lrmerjoqum`. s`lrmerjoqum`. °Hmsmj N`otgoujr0
:1. JHBG JHBG^GÞO ^GÞO @EGN @EGNGOJ^ GOJ^ \]\J \]\JDM^ DM^ ^m hmlm ghmotgegnjr dj b`hjdghjh mdmighj p`r md ndgmotm. D`s smrvgng`s rurjdms / `egngojs juxgdgjrms (^^\\) o` pumhmo prmstjr d`s sgiugmotms smrvgng`s3 - N`lr` hm rmngl`s3 rmngl`s3 O` sm p`smm dj jpdgnjngþo jpdgnjngþo y puhgmrj hjrsm dj ngrnuostjongj, ngrnuostjongj, jd smr movgjh` mo vjdgcj qum md rmngl` vmongmrj msm bgsb` hâj. - Igr` urimotm3 O` sm pumhm pumhm nubpdgr nubpdgr n`o n`o d`s pdjz`s hm motrmij. - Ymstmro ]og`o3 O` sm pumhm pumhm nubpdgr nubpdgr n`o d`s pdjz`s hm motrmij. - Xmdmirjbjs y Lur`ejx3 o` sm pumhm nubpdgr n`o d`s pdjz`s hm motrmij O` sm pumhmo jhbgtgr jqumdd`s `lcmt`s nuyj ngrnudjngþo p`r N`rrm`s mstç pr`fglghj. D`s pms`s y bmhghjs hm d`s movâ`s hmlmo mstjr gondugh`s hmotr` hm d`s bâogb`s y bêxgb`s jhbgtgh`s. ^m n`otjrê mo dj @egngoj n`o d`s h`nubmot`s jntujdgzjh`s mo nujot` j pms`s, hgbmosg`oms y `lcmt`s pr`fglgh`s. D`s movâ`s p`stjdms gotmrojng`ojdms (Njrtj nmrtgegnjhj, Qjqumtm dgift, Qjqumtm Mn`oþbgn` gotmrojng`ojd, Qjqumtm Qrg`rgtjrg` gotmrojng`ojd y Q`stjd Mxprçs gotmrojng`ojd) utgdgzjo gbprms`s y mtgqumtjs hgemrmotms j d`s hm êblgt` ojng`ojd.
:1.: Gbprms`s y mtgqumtjs mtgqumtjs hm jhbgsgþo jhbgsgþo D`s gbprms`s s`o3 - Njrtj nmrtgegnjhj (mo t`hjs sus b`hjdghjhms)3 B::g
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Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
- Qjqumtm dgift, pjqumtm pjqumtm prg`rgtjrg` y mn`oþbgn` y p`stjd p`stjd mxprmss3 B::g Djs mtgqumtjs s`o3 - Njrtj nmrtgegnjhj3 \\ ` \E (nmrtgegnjh`), UU (vjd`r hmndjrjh`), pmr` pjrj movâ`s gohgvghujdms o` ms omnmsjrg` jhfmrgr mtgqumtj, sgo` qum mstj sm gbprgbm mo dj @egngoj hm dj qum hmpmohm md ^^\\ jd hjr hm jdtj md movâ` mo G\G^. - Qr`hunt`3 pjqumtm prg`rgtjrg` y mn`oþbgn` y p`stjd mxprmss3 dj mtgqumtj sm gbprgbm mo dj @egngoj hm dj qum hmpmohm md ^^\\ jd hjr hm jdtj md movâ` mo G\G^. Qjrj dj jhbgsgþo hm dj njrtj urimotm `rhgojrgj, sm hmlm rmjdgzjr dj gohgnjngþo hm —Mxprçs‒ mo md jovmrs` hmd movâ`. Mo djs jhbgsg`oms uogtjrgjs hm njrtjs nmrtgegnjhjs, njrtjs nmrtgegnjhjs urimotms y vjd`rms hmndjrjh`s, o` ms omnmsjrg` jhfmrgr jd movâ` ogoiuoj mtgqumtj prmgbprmsj, dj mtgqumtj dj imomrjrê G\G^ nujoh` dj `egngoj hm dj qum hmpmohm md ^^\\ dj irjlm, jsâ pums, jd ndgmotm s`d` ms omnmsjrg` motrmijrdm su n`pgj hmd B::g y p`r md oóbmr` hmd nþhgi` hm ljrrjs qum egiurj mo çd, p`hrê fjnmr md smiugbgmot` hm su movâ`, yj qum mstm oóbmr` fj hm smr njpturjh` p`r md jhbgs`r hm G\G^ mo md b`bmot` hm dj irjljngþo. Md mbpdmjh` jhbgs`r vmrgegnj qum md ndgmotm fj rmddmojh` md gbprms` B::g mo t`h`s sus njbp`s. ^m fj hm vmrgegnjr qum mo md gbprms` d`s hjt`s hm hmstgo` y rmbgtm hmd movâ` mstêo n`rrmntjbmotm nubpdgbmotjh`s.
:1.< Erjoqum` Mpmdsj Xmndmjr mo dj Mpmdsj dj b`hjdghjh y vjd`r jújhgh` mdmigh`s p`r md ndgmotm y hm mstj bjomrj `ltmomr dj mstjbpgddj n`o md gbp`rtm hmd erjoqum`. ^g o` sm hgsp`om hm Mpmdsj, sm jhfgmrmo smdd`s hm dj EOBX qum sustgtugrêo j dj mstjbpgddj hm dj Mpmdsj. Dj njotghjh hm njhj uo` hm d`s vjd`rms ejngjdms utgdgzjh`s sm rmigstrj mo md dgstjh` hm vmotj hm pr`hunt`s pjrj dgqughjrd`s jd egojdgzjr dj c`rojhj. Xrjs dj jhbgsgþo hm nujdqugmr movâ` ` vmotj hm nujdqugmr pr`hunt` sm hmlm n`lrjr jd ndgmotm dj njotghjh n`rrmsp`ohgmotm. O` sm pmrbgtm tmomr vjdms mo njcj. Mo md supumst` hm movâ`s pr`nmhmotms hm dj jhbgsgþo jd pjs`, y md modjnm rurjd o` hgsp`oij hm smdd`s, y p`r tjot` o` fjyjo p`hgh` smr erjoqumjh`s, sm n`osghmrj n`b` uoj jhbgsgþo pr`vgsg`ojd y d`s movâ`s smrêo jhbgtgh`s p`r md pmrs`ojd hm dj @egngoj. Md Modjnm rurjd motrmijrê md rmsiujrh` hmegogtgv` hm jhbgsgþo jd ndgmotm n`o p`stmrg`rghjh. Giujd trjtjbgmot` tmohrêo jqumdd`s movâ`s nuyj jhbgsgþo hmlj rmjdgzjrsm omnmsjrgjbmotm mo uoj @egngoj, n`b` igr`s. ^m hmlm s`dgngtjr jd bmo`s ejnturj sgbpdgegnjhj pjrj motrmijr j njhj ndgmotm.
:1.> Jdtj G\G^ ]oj vmz rmnmpng`ojh` md movâ` y n`bpr`ljh` qum t`h` mstê n`rrmnt` y d`s gbprms`s hm jhbgsgþo hmlghjbmotm nubpdgbmotjh`s, sm hj hm jdtj mo G\G^, irjljoh` d`s hjt`s mo md sgstmbj hm jnumrh` n`o dj njtmi`râj hm njhj movâ`. Mo md jdtj mo G\G^ hm njrtjs nmrtgegnjhjs, nmrtgegnjhjs urimotms y Qjqumtmrâj fj hm irjljrsm dj rmemrmongj hmd B-:: pjrj md smiugbgmot` hmd movâ` p`r pjrtm hmd ndgmotm. ^g md rurjd ms hm d`s qum utgdgzjo mstjbpgddjs, jd hjr hm jdtj d`s movâ`s mo G\G^ fj hm bjrnjrsm md nfmnk —Umotj n`o mstjbpgddjh`rj‒, pjrj qum md ijst` sm njrium jd n`otr`d hm dj mstjbpgddjh`rj n`rrmsp`ohgmotm. Mo njs` hm hmtmntjr jdiuoj jo`bjdâj, o` sm p`hrê rmjdgzjr dj jhbgsgþo, goe`rbjoh` jd ^^\\.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
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mhgt`rgjd } nmp
::.. X] N@ :: N@\\M \\M@^ @^ (XGMOHJ^ Q@^XJDM^) —Xu N`rrm`s‒ ms md oumv` tgp` hm `egngojs rmtjgd hm N`rrm`s. Mo <1:5 sm fj n`otgoujh` gbpdjotjoh` md oumv` b`hmd` hm b`h` qum, j egojd hm jú` <=1 tgmohjs —Xu N`rrm`s‒ e`rbjljo pjrtm hm djs <.811 `egngojs p`stjdms. Djs oumvjs tgmohjs —Xu N`rrm`s‒ rmhunmo d`s tgmbp`s hm mspmrj hmd ndgmotm, bmc`rjo dj mxpmrgmongj hm n`bprj y ejngdgtjo dj jnnmsglgdghjh, tjot` j dj `egngoj n`b` j sus pr`hunt`s y smrvgng`s. Md oumv` b`hmd`, qum sm gogngþ j egojdms hm <1:8 n`o dj jpmrturj hm dj prgbmrj `egngoj mo Bjhrgh, sup`om uoj mv`dungþo hmd n`onmpt` hm `egngoj y mstê ljsjh` mo trms pgdjrms euohjbmotjdms y n`bpdmbmotjrg`s3 uo oumv` n`onmpt` hm jtmongþo jd ndgmotm, uo oumv` b`hmd` hm vmotj, y uo oumv` mstgd` hm n`buognjngþo n`o d`s ndgmotms. \mspmnt` j dj jtmongþo jd ndgmotm, md irjo njblg` ms md jsms`rjbgmot` pmrs`ojdgzjh`, j trjvçs hm dj egiurj hmd —mbljcjh`r p`stjd‒, uo mbpdmjh` qum `rgmotj jd ndgmotm hmshm su ddmijhj j dj `egngoj, pjrj hmtmntjr sus omnmsghjhms, `ermnmrdm djs s`dung`oms hm N`rrm`s y jyuhjrdm mo d` qum omnmsgtm.
Umstâlud` `egngoj rmtjgd —Xu N`rrm`s‒
Xjblgço sm fjo gostjdjh` uo`s goo`vjh`rms b`strjh`rms mri`oþbgn`s y t`tjdbmotm jnnmsgldms pjrj t`h`s d`s n`dmntgv`s, mo nuy` hgsmú` sm fj n`otjh`, jhmbês hm n`o dj n`djl`rjngþo hm <11 mbpdmjh`s hm N`rrm`s qum fjo gh` jp`rtjoh` suimrmongjs hm bmc`rj, n`o md jsms`rjbgmot` hm vjrgjs `rijogzjng`oms hm hgsnjpjngtjh`s. Mst`s b`hmd`s ejv`rmnmo dj pjrtgngpjngþo jntgvj hmd ndgmotm mo dj jhbgsgþo y pji` hm movâ`s y ejngdgtjo qum, tjot` ndgmotms n`b` mbpdmjh`s, tmoijo t`h` d` qum omnmsgtjo j su jdnjonm, d` qum jigdgzj djs imstg`oms y rmhunm sgiogegnjtgvjbmotm d`s tgmbp`s hm mspmrj. @tr` mdmbmot` qum n`otrgluym j msj jigdghjh ms qum sm fj rmhungh` dj prmsmongj hm pjpmd m gbprms`s, irjngjs j dj pumstj j hgsp`sgngþo hm d`s ndgmotms hm tjldmtjs hgigtjdms mo djs qum md pr`pg` ndgmotm rmddmoj md e`rbudjrg` qum n`rrmsp`ohm j su movâ`, goe`rbjngþo qum ddmij hgrmntjbmotm jd mbpdmjh` monjrijh` hm jtmohmrdm. Hm mstm b`h`, md pr`nms` hm jhbgsgþo ms bunf` bês rêpgh` y md mbpdmjh` pumhm hmhgnjr bês tgmbp` j rms`dvmr djs n`osudtjs bês n`bpdmcjs qum pumhj pdjotmjr md ndgmotm. Mo nujot` jd b`hmd` hm omi`ng`, —Xu n`rrm`s‒ tgmom n`b` `lcmtgv` p`omr jd ndgmotm mo md nmotr` hm dj jnngþo. Qjrj mdd`, sm fjo rmjdgzjh` bmc`rjs mo md mspjng` pjrj jbpdgjr dj z`oj hgsp`ogldm pjrj md ndgmotm, n`o bumldms mxp`sgt`rms hm pr`hunt`s y vmotj mo jut`smrvgng` qum ejngdgtjo su hmngsgþo hm n`bprj, y oumv`s pr`hunt`s `rhmojh`s p`r êrmjs tmbêtgnjs (pr`hunt`s hm n`ovmogmongj, goejotgdms, dglrmrâj, jnnms`rg`s hm vgjcms, mtn.). Q`r ódtgb`, mo djs oumvjs `egngojs sm vgsujdgzj uo oumv` b`hmd` hm n`buognjngþo n`o d`s ndgmotms, j trjvçs hm dj njrtmdmrâj qum hgeuohm y hmstjnj d`s vjd`rms trjhgng`ojdms y oumv`s hm N`rrm`s3 smiurghjh, n`oegjozj y nmrnjoâj, jsâ n`b` tmno`d`iâj, goo`vjngþo, hgigtjdgzjngþo y smrvgng`s pjrj md m-n`bbmrnm. Mstj tgmohj, hm hgsmú` vjoiujrhgstj, prmsmotj n`b` irjohms o`vmhjhms mo dj hgvmrsghjh hm `emrtj3
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Xmbj 9
mhgt`rgjd } nmp
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Dj n`bmrngjdgzjngþo hm mbljdjcms —dglrms hm smrvgng`‒, Xrjosemrmongjs Ymstmr ]og`o. —Md \gonþo hmd n`dmnng`ogstj‒, h`ohm mstêo mxpumst`s d`s dglr`s hm Egdjtmdgj, djs ódtgbjs mbgsg`oms hm smdd`s y uo vgst`s` bumstrjrg` hm bmrnfjohgsgoi, n`o bgogjturjs hm luz`oms, euri`omtjs hm cuiumtm y rmpr`hunng`oms hm djs vgmcjs sjnjs p`stjdms. ]o mspjng` <8/9, ms hmngr, uoj z`oj pmrbjomotmbmotm jlgmrtj y j hgsp`sgngþo hmd ndgmotm, qum gonduym md jnnms` j smrvgng`s n`b` md NgtyQjq (bêqugojs hm motrmij jut`bêtgnj hm pjqumtmrâj), md jnnms` j jpjrtjh`s pmrs`ojdms sgo dâbgtm f`rjrg`.
::.: :: .: YM YML L X] N@\ N@\\M \M@^ @^ Mo dj tgmohj `odgom, tun`rrm`s.ms, sm pumhmo jhqugrgr d`s jrtânud`s qum jntujdbmotm sm vmohmo mo djs `egngojs Xu N`rrm`s, dglrms hm ijst`s hm movâ`. ^m trjtj hm gon`rp`rjr md bmrnfjohgsgoi hm dj n`bpjúâj p`stjd j mstm mot`ro` j trjvçs hm uoj tgmohj pr`pgj nrmjhj n`o N`bjohgj, dj s`dungþo gotmirjd p`r gotmromt hgsmújhj p`r N`rrm`s pjrj ejngdgtjr md jnnms` jd n`bmrng` mdmntrþogn`. Md pumst` hm jtmongþo jd ndgmotm mo djs oumvjs `egngojs, —Xu N`rrm`s‒ sm ddjbj bumldm mbljcjh`r y mstê h`tjh` hm d`s sgiugmotms mdmbmot`s3 - : @rhmojh`r (NQ], pjotjddj, tmndjh` y rjtþo). - : Dmnt`r hm nþhgi`s hm ljrrjs gojdêblrgn`. - : Mdgbgojh`r hm jdjrbj. - : Njcþo Q`rtjb`omhjs. - : Umrgegnjh`r hm lgddmtms. - : Gbprms`rj hm Xgnkmts. - : Gbprms`rj Ujdghjh`rj. - : Xjldmtj hm njpturj hm egrbjs. - : QGO pjh pjrj md n`lr` n`o tjrcmtj. N`o nrgtmrg` imomrjd md bumldm mbljcjh`r mstjrê n`omntjh` mo rmh j uo mqugp` budtgeuongþo qum sm monumotrm mo dj z`oj hm Ljnk @eegnm hm dj `egngoj. Mo djs `egngojs qum p`r su jntgvghjh sm n`osghmrm omnmsjrg`, sm p`hrê h`tjr hm uo mqugp` budtgeuongþo mo md pr`pg` pumst` hmd mbljcjh`r.
:<. N@B N@B]OGN ]OGNJNGÞ JNGÞO O MO DJ @EGN @EGNGOJ GOJ Md Hgrmnt`r ` dj pmrs`oj rmsp`osjldm mo msm b`bmot` mo dj `egngoj smrê dj qum hmlm dmmr dj goe`rbjngþo qum ddmij y pr`nmhmrê, smióo d`s njs`s, j3 - Goe`rbjr jd rmst` hm dj `egngoj p`r bmhg` hmd tjldþo hm jouong`s ` mo uoj rmuogþo. - Jntujoh` n`oe`rbm n`oe`rbm sm mstjldmznj sg sm rmegmrm j tmbjs `rijogzjtgv`s hm dj `egngoj. - Govmstgijoh` md tmbj qum sm pdjotmj, sg sm trjtj hm uoj s`dgngtuh hm goe`rbjngþo/h`nubmotjngþo goe`rbjngþo/h`nubmotjngþo rmdjtgvj j jdiuoj jntgvghjh, smrvgng` prmstjh` ` fmnf` `nurrgh` mo dj `egngoj. Md tgp` hm n`buognjngþo qum sm pumhm rmnglgr ms buy vjrgjh`. Hmshm uoj N`buognjngþo Gotmroj j uo m-bjgd. Hmshm dj Hgrmnngþo hm @pmrjng`oms, mo n`onrmt` hmshm dj Hgrmnngþo jhcuotj hm @pmrjng`oms sm pumhm s`dgngtjr j djs `egngojs, vâj n`rrm` mdmntrþogn`, goe`rbjngþo ` h`nubmotjngþo prmvgjbmotm s`dgngtjhj j N`rrm`s p`r cuzijh`s, n`bgsjrgjs, mtn. Hmshm djs `egngojs sm n`otmstjrê p`r mstj bgsbj vâj -n`rrm` mdmntrþogn` j bmo`s qum, j njusj hm dj ojturjdmzj hm dj h`nubmotjngþo qum tgmom qum jp`rtjrsm, sm hmlj usjr vjdgcj. ^m pumhm utgdgzjr tjblgço md ejx pjrj fjnmr ddmijr mstj h`nubmotjngþo.
Qr`nms`s hm jhbgsgþo
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mhgt`rgjd } nmp
^g p`r jdióo b`tgv` sm vj j tjrhjr bês hm uoj smbjoj mo ejngdgtjr dj goe`rbjngþo s`dgngtjhj, hmshm dj `egngoj sm rmbgtgrê uo m-bjgd goe`rbjoh` hm mstm rmtrjs` y mxpdgnjoh` md b`tgv` hmd bgsb`. ]oj vmz qum sm tmoij dj goe`rbjngþo y/` h`nubmotjngþo qum sm fjlâj s`dgngtjh` sm rmbgtgrê d` jotms p`sgldm n`oe`rbm j d` hgnf` jotmrg`rbmotm. Djs goe`rbjng`oms ` gostrunng`oms qum pumhmo ddmijr j dj `egngoj, n`b` uoj O`tj Goe`rbjtgvj, pumhmo rmqumrgr qum md Hgrmnt`r ` md rmsp`osjldm hm dj bgsbj mo msm b`bmot`, ddmvm j njl` jdiuoj jntujngþo, tmohmotm j n`buognjr -j su vmz j djs pmrs`ojs hm dj `egngoj djs hgrmntrgnms hjhjs. Mst` sm fjrê j trjvçs hm rmuog`oms, n`buognjh`s mo md tjldþo hm dj `egngoj...mtn. smióo smj bês jhmnujh` mo njhj njs`. Mstm tgp` hm n`buognjng`oms, s`o rmbgtgh`s j dj `egngoj, sgo ogoióo tgp` hm rmigstr`. J dj `egngoj ddmijo tjblgço N`buognjng`oms Gotmrojs. ^`o n`buognjng`oms `egngjdms mo pjpmd ` mo n`rrm` mdmntrþogn`, rmigstrjhjs, n`o oóbmr` hm sjdghj y emnfj. O` ms omnmsjrg` ddmvjr uo rmigstr` hm mstjs n`buognjng`oms. ^m hmlmrê jrnfgvjr n`pgj hm djs n`buognjng`oms `egngjdms rmnmpng`ojhjs mo uoj njrpmtj mo md bumldm jrnfgvjh`r hm dj `egngoj. Fjy uoj smrgm hm h`nubmot`s ` n`buognjng`oms n`rp`rjtgvjs qum `ldgijt`rgjbmotm hmlmo mstjr mxpumst`s mo dj @egngoj. Mo d` qum rmspmntj jd ^gstmbj hm Imstgþo hm dj Njdghjh sm hmlm hgsp`omr hm uoj pjrtm hmd tjldþo hm jouong`s qum n`otmoij d`s sgiugmotms h`nubmot`s3 - Q`dâtgnj hm mxnmdmongj y s`stmoglgdghjh. - Nujhr` hm `lcmtgv`s hm njdghjh. - Nujhr` rmsubmo rmsubmo hm smiugbgmot` hm `lcmtgv`s hm njdghjh y hm gohgnjh`rms hm pr`nms`s. Dj Q`dâtgnj hm Mxnmdmongj y ^`stmoglgdghjh o` hmlmrê mxp`omrsm mo md Nujhr` hm ^mrvgng`s hmd vmstâlud` hm dj `egngoj. Qjrj dj n`buognjngþo hm hmtmrbgojhjs goe`rbjng`oms j d`s trjljcjh`rms hm dj `egngoj, j vmnms o` ms suegngmotm n`o dj mxp`sgngþo mo md tjldþo hm jouong`s gotmro`. Mo mst`s njs`s y j nrgtmrg` hmd hgrmnt`r, sm p`hrêo rmjdgzjr rmuog`oms n`o d`s trjljcjh`rms hm dj `egngoj j ego hm ijrjotgzjr dj trjosbgsgþo y rmnmpngþo hm dj goe`rbjngþo.
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Xmbj 9
