ZMON ; Ebdmtfves
Ynaerms nþnjfjes y smrvfkfes njfkfehnams
Kehekmr aes vnaerms nþnjfjes y smrvfkfes njfkfehnams mxfstmhtms mh Kerrmes Nhnafznr aes jfstfhtes smgures mxfstmhtms mh aes prejuktes jm Kerrmes Jmtmrofhnr aes sfstmons jm kehstnhkfn jm aes prejuktes mxfstmhtms mh Kerrmes
Ynaerms nþnjfjes y smrvfkfes njfkfehnams
>:7
mjfterfna } kmp
>. YNAERM YNAERM[ [ NÞNJFJE[ V [MRYFKFE [MRYFKFE[[ NJFKFEH NJFKFEHNAM[ NAM[ Aes vnaerms nþnjfjes y aes smrvfkfes njfkfehnams pmroftmh n aes kafmhtms jm Kerrmes pmrsehnafznr ma prejukte qum utfafznh, keh ans knrnktmrïstfkns qum busknh. Aes vnaerms nþnjfjes mstîh rmankfehnjes jfrmktnomhtm keh kfmrtes prejuktes, per kehtrn aes smrvfkfes njfkfehnams seh oîs ‑trnhsvmrsnams‟ pujfæhjesm npafknr n an onyerïn jm aes prejuktes. Nhtm an grnh knhtfjnj jm vnaerms nþnjfjes y smrvfkfes njfkfehnams, aes `moes ngrupnjes per nifhfjnj jm aes ofsoes, bfmh per ebdmtfve n kehekmr (mdmopae an kehstnhkfn jm mhtrmgn) bfmh per insm jm an knjmhn pestna mh qum sm utfafznh (mdmopae rmpnrte). [mgures
Ynaerms nþnjfjes y smrvfkfes njfkfehnams Kehstnhkfn \rmpnrnkfûh mhvïes
Mhtrmgn
>.> [mgures N. [M G]RE M[ZÎHJN R Zejes nqumaaes prejuktes qum jfspehgnh jm mstm smgure, aamvnrîh fhkerpernje uh smgure qum jm kebmrturn n petmhkfnams fhkfjmhkfns keoe mxtrnvïes, rebes mh rmpnrte, omrknhkïn jnþnjn e petmhkfnams inatns jm kehtmhfje. [m inkturnrî uh fopertm pnktnje mh iuhkfûh jm aes cfaes tnsnjes. Aes mhvïes kfrkuanrîh keh uhn ôhfkn kebmrturn jm smgure, he sfmhje nkuouanbams. Mstm smgure ms pnrn kafmhtms keh kehtrnte, njmoîs4 - Ms rmhuhkfnbam rmhuhkfnbam mh kehtrnte. kehtrnte. (@n jm jm smr mxprmsnjn mxprmsnjn jfk`n rmhuhkfn n an `ern jm an ifron ifron jma nkumrje). - Ms pnktnbam omjfnhtm jmskumhtes. - Ma jmvmhge jm an prfon jm smgure, sm rmiamdn jm ieron ieron mxpaïkftn mh an inkturn. Mstm smgure kehaamvn uhn fhjmohfznkfûh oîxfon jm >= ₡/cg `nstn uh oîxfoe jm =<<₡ per mhvïe. [f ma vnaer jm an omrknhkïn ms omher, sm fhjmohfznrî per mstn knhtfjnj. [m nbehn uhn tnrfin per ma prfomr cfae y uhn supamomhtnrfn per knjn uhe jm aes cfaes rmstnhtms.
B. [MG] RE AKZZO Mh ma knse qum ma kafmhtm rmhuhkfm mxprmsnomhtm na smgure mstîhjnr sus mhvïes kfrkuanrïnh bnde mstm smgure. Ma smgure AKZZO (Amy jm Kehtrntes Zrnhspertms Zmrrmstrms jm Omrknhkïns) kehaamvn uhn fhjmohfznkfûh jm >/; jma F\RMO ? =,62 ₡/cg [f ma vnaer jm an omrknhkïn ms omher, sm fhjmohfznrî per mstn knhtfjnj.
K. [M G]RE N ZEJE RFM [GE Ms uh smrvfkfe njfkfehna npafknbam mhvïe n mhvïe y sm knakuan keoe uh perkmhtndm jma vnaer jm an omrknhkïn. Ma smgure n teje rfmsge kehaamvn uhn fhjmohfznkfûh oîxfon jm 9.<<< ₡ smgôh knhtfjnj nsmgurnjn.Zfmhm ans sfgufmhtms tnrfins4
>:0
Zmon ;
mjfterfna } kmp
HNKFEHNA
FHZMRHNKFEHNA MO[-\N^ \N^]MZM \RMOF]O [ZNHJNRJ FHZMRHNKFEHNA FHZMRHNKFEHNA
\N^ ZEJNV
\N^ \RMOF]O
\N^ M[ZÎHJNR
Knhtfjnj oîxfon n nsmgurnr
9.<<< ₡
9.<<< ₡
9.<<< ₡
;.<<< ₡
;.<<< ₡
Kafmhtms sfh kehtrnte
>,=< % jm an knhtfjnj nsmgurnjn, keh uh oïhfoe jm >,97 mures.
>,=< % jm an knhtfjnj nsmgurnjn, keh uh oïhfoe jm >,97 mures.
>% jm an knhtfjnj nsmgurnjn keh uh oïhfoe jm 2,6: mures.
>% jm an knhtfjnj nsmgurnjn keh uh oïhfoe jm 2,6: mures.
Kafmhtm keh kehtrnte
>,=< % jm an knhtfjnj nsmgurnjn, keh uh oïhfoe jm >,=< mures.
>,=< % jm an knhtfjnj nsmgurnjn, keh uh oïhfoe jm >,=< mures.
>% jm an knhtfjnj nsmgurnjn keh uh oïhfoe jm 2,6: mures.
>% jm an knhtfjnj nsmgurnjn keh uh oïhfoe jm 2,6: mures.
>,=< % jm an knhtfjnj nsmgurnjn, keh uh oïhfoe jm >,97 mures. >,=< % jm an knhtfjnj nsmgurnjn, keh uh oïhfoe jm >,=< mures.
J. YNAER JMK ANRN JE Ma vnaer jmkanrnje mstî jmhtre jma [mrvfkfe \estna ]hfvmrsna (mxmhte jm FYN) y sm npafkn n \nqumtm Nzua, Knrtn kmrtfifknjn, Knrtn kmrtfifknjn ]rgmhtm, Knrtn Kmrtfifknjn ]rgmhtm Fhtmrhnkfehna y \nqumtm \estna Fhtmrhnkfehna Mkehûofke. Mkehûofke. [m trnifkn mh irnkkfehms jm =< mures `nstn ;.<<< mures keoe oîxfoe.
M. FH JM OHF TNKFÛ H \N \NKZNJN KZNJN \nrn kafmhtms keh kehtrnte. \rfon ifdn per knjn mhvïe jmpesftnje, keh ma kestm fhkaufje mh ma mhvïe. Nhtmrferomhtm mstm smgure sm jmheofhnbn ‑Nutesmgure‟.
>.2 Kehstnhkfn N. NYF[E NYF[E JM RMK FBE Eirmkm an kehifronkfûh y kehstnhkfn jm an mhtrmgn per mskrfte na rmoftmhtm. Jm mstn ieron, qumjn kehstnhkfn jm kuîhje y qufæh rmkfbfû ma mhvïe qum sm rmoftfû. Fhjmpmhjfmhtmomhtm jma prejukte na qum nkeopnþnh, aes nvfses jm rmkfbe tfmhmh jes tnrfins, uhn hnkfehna y etrn fhtmrhnkfehna, sfh jfstfhgufr zehns.
Ynaerms nþnjfjes y smrvfkfes njfkfehnams
>:6
mjfterfna } kmp
Oejmae jm Nvfse jm Rmkfbe O.;=.2M
Hnkfehna
\rejuktes
Oejmaes
Fhtmrhnkfehna Knrtn Kmrtfifknjn Knrtn kmrtfifknjn, Knrtn fhtmrhnkfehna, Knrtn Kmrtfifknjn ]rgmhtm, Kmrtfifknjn ]rgmhtm Hetfifknkfûh, \nqumtm fhtmrhnkfehna, \nqumtm Nzua, \nq \rmofuo, Gfre \estna Fhtmrhnkfehna Erjfhnrfe Mkehûofke. O.;=.>-M, O.;=.2-M (pnrn KH<7 hetfifknkfehms)
B. NK][M NK][M JM RMK FBE (\ M I) Ma Nkusm jm Rmkfbe ms kehekfje mh ma îobfte tmamgrîifke keoe \K y tnobfæh ms jmheofhnje \rumbn jm Mhtrmgn Iïsfkn (Bureinx). Ma rmoftmhtm rmkfbm mh su jeofkfafe, uh tmamgrnon mh ma qum sm am fhieron jm tejes aes jmtnaams jm an mhtrmgn. Fhieronkfûh jm an pmrsehn qum ae `n rmkmpkfehnje (heobrm, JHF y mh su knse pnrmhtmske e rmankfûh keh ma jmstfhntnrfe), imk`n y `ern jm an mhtrmgn.
[f ma mhvïe he `n pejfje smr mhtrmgnje, sm fhieron tnobfæh sebrm ans knusns per ans qum he sm `n rmnafznje an mhtrmgn. Mh ma knse jm fhkfjmhkfn e fopesfbfafjnj jm mhtrmgn, tnobfæh sm mhvïnh na rmoftmhtm uhe e vnrfes tmamgrnons jm smrvfkfe grntuftes, mh aes qum sm fhieron sebrm ma mstnje mh ma qum sm mhkumhtrn su mhvïe, per mdmopae4 Nvfsnje y pnsnje n afstn jm Kerrmes. Yîafje pnrn Bureinx \rmofuo, Bureinx \rmofuo \aus, Zmamgrnon y Gfre urgmhtm, keh vnafjmz amgna nhtm tmrkmres.
K. NYF[E NYF[E JM [MRYFKFE FHZM RFER [m seafkftn ma smrvfkfe n pmtfkfûh jma rmoftmhtm, kunhje ma usunrfe rmqufmrn per vïn tmamgrîifkn nkanrnkfehms rmimrmhtms na kurse jm kunaqufmr smrvfkfe tmamgrîifke, pestna e jm gfre jm aes prmstnjes per Kerrmes.
>=<
Zmon ;
mjfterfna } kmp
J. M -N R Nvfse jm rmkfbe jfgftnafznje. \nrn kafmhtms keh kehtrnte mh ma îobfte hnkfehna. Omjfnhtm ma fhtmrknobfe fhieroîtfke jm ifk`mres Kerrmes jmveavmrî n humstres kafmhtms ans foîgmhms jm aes Nvfses jm Rmkfbe mamktrûhfkes jfgftnafznjes mh ieronte D\MG. Aes mhvïes qum tmhgnh kehtrntnje mstm smrvfkfe, jmbmrîh `nkmr kehstnr jm ieron kanrn y vfsfbam an fhjfknkfûh ‑m-NR‟ mh an zehn `nbfaftnjn pnrn aes smrvfkfes njfkfehnams.
Hetfifknkfûh keh m-NR
An prfhkfpna knrnktmrïstfkn jm mstn oejnafjnj ms qum aes mhvïes he aamvnh nj`mrfje ma nvfse jm rmkfbe mh ma mhvïe. Ma m-NR sm foprfom duhte n an @edn jm Rmpnrte mh an ]hfjnj jm Rmpnrte, na nsfghnr ma mhvïe n su smkkfûh kerrmspehjfmhtm. [m foprfom uh m-NR jfimrmhtm pnrn knjn fhtmhte jm mhtrmgn y sûae pumjm mopamnrsm pnrn ma fhtmhte pnrn ma qum sm foprfofû. Mh æa sm fhkerpern nuteoîtfknomhtm aes jntes4 - Jma mhvïe. - Jma jmstfhntnrfe. - [mkkfûh jm rmpnrte. - Fhieronkfûh jma fhtmhte nhtmrfer, sf ms ma knse. Zejes aes m-NR gmhmrnjes seh jfgftnafznjes, fhjmpmhjfmhtmomhtm jma rmsuatnje jm an mhtrmgn, fhkause sf ma m-NR mstuvfmrn mh banhke. Yîafje pnrn knrtns kmrtfifknjns hnkfehnams, hetfifknkfehms, hetfif knkfehms, pnq \rmofuo, pnq Mstîhjnr.
M. \MM/\R]MBN MAMKZRÛHFKN JM MHZRMGN [mrvfkfe njfkfehna qum pmroftm rmkegmr mh ieronte mamktrûhfke an sftunkfûh ifhna y aes jntes rmankfehnjes keh uh mhvïe, keoe seh4 - Imk`n y `ern jm an mhtrmgn jma ofsoe. - Jntes pmrsehnams y ifron jma jmstfhntnrfe. Mh knse jm qum he sm pumjn ebtmhmr an ifron jma jmstfhntnrfe, ma mofser rmkfbfrî ma KMM, Kmrtfifknje jm Mhtrmgn Mamktrûhfkn (Ma Kmrtfifknje jm Mhtrmgn Mamktrûhfkn npafkn kunhje an ifron he sm pumjm rmkegmr mh an \JN e mh an tnbamtn jma knrtmre) keh aes tejes jntes nsekfnjes n an mhtrmgn (imk`n, `ern y jntes pmrsehnams jma jmstfhntnrfe). - Ma K[Y, Kûjfge jm [mgurfjnj Ymrfifknje (Kûjfge jm smgurfjnj vmrfifknjn, qum pmroftm vmrfifknr an fhtmgrfjnj jm an \MM (he natmrnkfûh jma kehtmhfje erfgfhna) Nprebnje per an Nbegnkïn jma Mstnje.
Ynaerms nþnjfjes y smrvfkfes njfkfehnams
>=>
mjfterfna } kmp
-
-
An \MM omdern an iuhkfehnafjnj jm smrvfkfes sfofanrms y sustftuym kunaqufmr prumbn jm mhtrmgn iïsfkn pnrn prejuktes rmgfstrnjes (nkusm y nvfse jm rmkfbe y m-NR), njmoîs4 · Zfmhm ma K[Y y njmoîs fhkauym an ifron y jntes jma jmstfhntnrfe, imk`n y `ern jm an mhtrmgn. · [m ebtfmhm mh 2: `erns. · [m rmkmpkfehn mh ieronte jfgftna y nuteoîtfknomhtm. Kerrmes kustejfn an kmrtfifknkfûh = nþes y ms nkkmsfbam ehafhm [fh kehtrnte \nq. Zejny \MM = \E[ZNA \nq. \rmofuo \MM = \E[ZNA \nq. Mstîhjnr \MM = \E[ZNA Hetfifknkfehms \MM = \E[ZNA Knrtn kmrtfifknjn \MM = \E[ZNA Knrtn kmrtfifknjn urgmhtm \MM = \E[ZNA Bureinx \MM = ZMAMGRNIFKE[ Zmamgrnons \MM = ZMAMGRNIFKE[
>=2
Keh kehtrnte \MM >< \E[ZNA -\MM>= \E[ZNA \MM >< \E[ZNA -\MM>= \E[ZNA \MM >< \E[ZNA -\MM>= \E[ZNA \MM >< \E[ZNA -\MM>= \E[ZNA
Zmon ;
mjfterfna } kmp
\rumbn jm Mhtrmgn Mamktrûhfkn (\MM), keoe vnaer nþnjfje pnrn smrvfkfes pestnams y pnqumtmrïn sm nrtfkuan mh trms oejnafjnjms jm tnrfins, smgôh ma panze jm kustejfn jm an ofson per Kerrmes (=, >< y >= nþes), pnrn kafmhtms keh kehtrnte. [m jmheofhnh4 - \MM = \estna (jfspehfbam pnrn kafmhtms sfh kehtrnte). - \MM >< \estna (seae keh kehtrnte). - \MM>= \estna (seae keh kehtrnte). An \rumbn jm Mhtrmgn Mamktrûhfkn mh prejuktes tmamgrîifkes ms aanonjn \MM = Zmamgrîifkes.
I. KMRZFIF KNKFEHM [ [eae sm moftmh kmrtfifknkfehms pnrn aes mhvïes rmgfstrnjes, yn qum seh aes ôhfkes jm aes qum tmhmoes kehstnhkfn jm an njofsfûh e mhtrmgn. Huhkn sm mxtfmhjm uhn kmrtfifknkfûh sebrm smrvfkfes e mhvïes kuyn fhieronkfûh he sm mhkumhtrm mh aes sfstmons n aes qum nkkmjm an Eifkfhn e mh an jekuomhtnkfûh jmpesftnjn mh an ofson. Ans seafkftujms qum sm rmifmrnh n an fopesfkfûh e na fhtmhte jm mhtrmgn jm uh mhvïe qum tuve augnr mh etrn Eifkfhn jfstfhtn jm an qum njoftm an seafkftuj, y he sm jfspehm jm jekuomhtnkfûh e fhieronkfûh mh kunaqufmrn jm ans npafknkfehms jfspehfbams (FRF[, OMRK]RFE, [GFM e [FKMR), sm mhvïnh n an jm erfgmh jma mhvïe, per inx e kerrme urgmhtm, pnrn qum æstn, uhn vmz mxnofhnjes sus nrk`fves, mxtfmhjn an kmrtfifknkfûh y an rmoftn per kerrme urgmhtm n an eifkfhn qum njoftfû an seafkftuj, pnrn su mhtrmgn na seafkftnhtm. Mh mstm knse, na `nkmr ma mhvïe jm an seafkftuj n jmstfhe sm jmbm smamkkfehnr mh FRF[ an epkfûh ‑Mhvfnr [eafkftuj‟ pnrn qum qumjm rmgfstrnjn an humvn sftunkfûh. Kunhje sm rmnafkm an seafkftuj jm kmrtfifknkfûh mh FRF[, jm tmamgrnons fopumstes per tmaæiehe prekmjmhtms jm Onjrfj ZI e jm BKH ZI tfmhmh qum kuopafomhtnrsm mh ma sfstmon aes jntes rmantfves na mhvïe. Keoe hôomre jm Erfgmh, tfmhmh qum pehmrsm aes sfmtm prfomres jïgftes jma hôomre jm tmamgrnon. Ma sfstmon kuopafomhtn jfrmktnomhtm BKH e ONJRFJ snan jm npnrntes. Kunhje ma bureinx `nyn sfje pumste per ma kafmhtm n trnvæs jm an eifkfhn vfrtuna, smrî ma kafmhtm qufmh jmbn seafkftnr an kmrtfifknkfûh jmsjm an eifkfhn vfrtuna, mhtrnhje mh an epkfûh jm smrvfkfes n pestmrferf, ans eifkfhns he jmbmh njoftfr hfhguhn kmrtfifknkfûh jm mstes bureinxms, pums he tfmhmh epkfûh jm pejmr moftfran. Kmrtfifknkfûh jm Fopesfkfûh4
[m kmrtfifkn an fopesfkfûh jm uh mhvïe, pmre he ma tmxte rmoftfje. [m npafkn n tejes nqumaaes mhvïes mh aes qum he qumjn kehstnhkfn jm su kehtmhfje. [m kmrtfifkn tnhte an fopesfkfûh keoe ma tmxte rmoftfje. Ms npafknbam na Kepfn Kmrtfifknjn tmamgrnon y na bureinx. Mh mstm ôatfoe knse ms foprmskfhjfbam qum ebrm kepfn jma tmxte rmoftfje mh pejmr jm an eifkfhn e kustejfnjn mh m-jekuomhte. Kmrtfifknkfûh jm Mhtrmgn4 [m kmrtfifkn an mhtrmgn jma mhvïe, nsï keoe an imk`n y jntes jma rmkmpter. Kmrtfifknkfûh jm fhtmhte Kunhje he sm `n pejfje rmnafznr an mhtrmgn, sm kmrtfifkn ma fhtmhte jm jm mhtrmgn mstn, nsï keoe ma oetfve per ma qum he sm `n aamvnje n knbe. Mh ma knse jm mhvïes jfrfgfjes n etres pnïsms, seae sm pumjm moftfr kmrtfifknkfûh jm fopesfkfûh, e kepfn kmrtfifknjn jm bureinx/tmamgrnons fopumstes mh humstrns eifkfhns (an kepfn kmrtfifknjn jma Bureinx \rmofuo Fhtrmhnkfehna ôhfknomhtm sm pumjm seafkftnr mh ma oeomhte jm an njofsfûh). Mh mstm smhtfje, ms hmkmsnrfe fhieronr na kafmhtm qum, pnrn qum an kmrtfifknkfûh tmhgn vnafjmz mh ma pnïs jm jmstfhe, jmbm fr na kehsuanje jm jfk`e pnïs mh Mspnþn y pmjfr qum am vfsmh an kmrtfifknkfûh mxpmjfjn per humstrn eifkfhn. Mh ma knse jm Hetfifknkfehms [FKMR, an Jfrmkkfûh Keomrkfna e ma Kmhtre jm Kehtrea jm \rejuktes Rmgfstrnjes jm an prevfhkfn/zehn, pumjmh seafkftnr jfrmktnomhtm n an eifkfhn uhn kmrtfifknkfûh sebrm ma rmsuatnje ebtmhfje mh an mhtrmgn jm uhn hetfifknkfûh.
Ynaerms nþnjfjes y smrvfkfes njfkfehnams
>=;
mjfterfna } kmp
Oejmae jm Kmrtfifknkfûh
n. \anze Ma panze mh qum sm pumjm seafkftnr uhn kmrtfifknkfûh sebrm uh smrvfkfe ms ma jma panze jm pmronhmhkfn jm an jekuomhtnkfûh smgôh an tnban jm Nrk`fve y Kehtrea jm an jekuomhtnkfûh. He ebstnhtm, sf trnhskurrfje msm panze an jekuomhtnkfûh jma kftnje smrvfkfe mstuvfmrn nôh mh pejmr jm an eifkfhn, sm pumjm moftfr an kmrtfifknkfûh seafkftnjn. [f sm trntn jm uhn kmrtfifknkfûh sebrm uh smrvfkfe jm etrn
>=:
Zmon ;
mjfterfna } kmp
eifkfhn, sm `n jm kehsuatnram, pnrn kehifronr sf nôh jfspehm jm an jekuomhtnkfûh hmkmsnrfn pnrn moftfr an kmrtfifknkfûh3 sf ms nsï, sm njoftm an seafkftuj y sm kursn. Mh ae rmimrmhtm n an jekuomhtnkfûh qum sm rmoftm rmoftm n nrk`fves mxtmrhes, mxtmrhes, sm mhvïn seafkftuj na rmspehsnbam jm an zehn pnrn qum seafkftm an jekuomhtnkfûh hmkmsnrfn pnrn moftfr an kmrtfifknkfûh, y uhn vmz moftfjn sm jmvumavm pnrn su nrk`fve. [eae sm pumjm kmrtfifknr ma tmxte jm nqumaaes mhvïes qum pejmoes kehstntnr ma tmxte mhvfnje. \er maae, sf sm trntn jm uh Bureinx \rmofuo e \rmofuo \aus, na qumjnr nrk`fvnje mh m-jekuomhte sm pumjm kmrtfifknr uhn kepfn jma tmxte trnhsoftfje mh kunaqufmr oeomhte, jmhtre jma panze jm kustejfn kehtrntnje. \revfsfehnaomhtm, jurnhtm uhn smonhn jmsjm an njofsfûh jm aes Bureinx, sm jmbm jmdnr mh an eifkfhn uhn kepfn mh pnpma jma jekuomhte qum sm `n mhvfnje, pnrn keoprebnr, n an `ern jm moftfr an kmrtfifknkfûh, ma tmxte qum sm `n rmoftfje, per sf per mrrer jma sfstmon he ae `n nrk`fvnje mh m-jekuomhte y OMRK]RFE per tnhte he jmvumavm fhieronkfûh. Zrnhskurrfjn mstn smonhn sm prekmjmrî n su jmstrukkfûh smgurn. [f ae qum ma kafmhtm jmdn mh an eifkfhn ms uhn kepfn jma jekuomhte mhvfnje, `ny qum keopuasnran mh ma oeomhte jm an njofsfûh, keopnrîhjean keh ma erfgfhna y mstnopnhje ma smaae y an imk`n.
b. Krftmrfes jm smamkkfûh Ynafjmz dujfkfna y njofhfstrntfvn jma jekuomhte.
G. RM ZERHE JM AN FHIE RONKFÛH Ma rmterhe jm fhieronkfûh ms uh vnaer nþnjfje qum pmroftm ma smgufofmhte tmamoîtfke per pnrtm jma kafmhtm jm aes prekmses jm jfstrfbukfûh y mhtrmgn jm sus mhvïes y qum sm prmstn nsekfnje n jmtmrofhnjes prejuktes pestnams y tmamgrîifkes. An fhieronkfûh qum sm inkfaftn sm rmifmrm4 - Na ôatfoe mstnje kehekfje kehekfje y rmgfstrnje jm aes mhvïes4 njoftfje, mhtrmgnje y/e jmvumate. - N etres jntes rmantfves na rmkmpter, an imk`n y `ern jm mhtrmgn e he mhtrmgn, e kfrkuhstnhkfns jm an mhtrmgn e jmveaukfûh qum nimktnh na mhvïe. - Mh ma knse jm mhvïes keh rmmobease, Kerrmes preperkfehn njmoîs, an fhieronkfûh rmantfvn na pnge jma fopertm rmmobeasnje.
n. Aes prejuktes/smrvfkfes qum jfspehmh jm rmterhe jm fhieronkfûh seh4 Mhvïe jm jekuomhtes -Knrtn kmrtfifknjn hnkfehna. -Hetfifknkfehms. -Knrtn urgmhtm hnkfehna.
\nqumtmrïn Hnkfehna -\nqumtm Nzua. -\nq \rmofuo. -\nq Mstîhjnr.
\nqumtmrïn Fhtmrhnkfehna -\nq \rmofuo Fhtmrhnkfehna (MO[) -\nq [tnhjnrj Fhtmrhnkfehna. -\nq Afg`t Fhtmrhnkfehna
Ynaerms nþnjfjes y smrvfkfes njfkfehnams
[mrvfkfes Zmamgrîifkes -Zmamgrnon. -Bureinx.
[mrvfkfes Mhvïe jm ehafhm \ubafkfjnj -Bureinx ehafhm -\ubafkerrme Ûptfoe -Zmamgrnon ehafhm.
-\ubafkerrme \rmofuo (kunhje nobes usmh ZMO\E)
>==
mjfterfna } kmp
b. Kehsuatn jm an fhieronkfûh • Mhterhe jm fhieronkfû fhieronkfûh h n trnvæs jm an pîgfhn Wmb jm Kerrmes Aes kafmhtms pumjmh kehsuatnr grntuftnomhtm ma mstnje jm su mhvïe mh ma ‑aeknafznjer jm mhvïes‟ qum pejrî mhkehtrnr mh humstrn pîgfhn wmb (www.kerrmes.ms). [ûae tfmhm qum fhtrejukfr ma kûjfge njskrfte na mhvïe mh an njofsfûh y ebtmhjrî ma mstnje jm su mhvïe jm ieron fhomjfntn. Kunhje ma kafmhtm qufmrm kehsuatnr oîs jm uh mhvïe y `nstn uh oîxfoe jm ><, fhtrejukfrî aes kûjfges kerrmspehjfmhtms mh ma aeknafznjer y rmkfbfrî an fhieronkfûh seafkftnjn mh su kerrme mamktrûhfke omjfnhtm uh ifk`mre jm tmxte. • Rmterhe jm fhieronkfûh omjfnhtm fhtmrknobfe jm ifk`mres \nrn inkfaftnr an pregrnonkfûh jm ans rmomsns onsfvns jm mhvïes, an prmsmhtnkfûh jm aes ofsoes mh ma oeomhte jm su njofsfûh, omdernr ans kehjfkfehms jm mhtrmgn y jfspehmr jm fhieronkfûh mamktrûhfkn jm rmterhe omjfnhtm fhtmrknobfe jm ifk`mres. Ms pnrn kafmhtms keh kehtrnte. Npafkn n tejes aes prejuktes rmgfstrnjes y tnobfæh na smgufofmhte jm knopnþns jm \ubafkerrme Ûptfoe y \rmofuo.
@. [O[ GFRE Ma gfre fhomjfnte pmroftm na rmoftmhtm an pesfbfafjnj jm usnr jes [O[4 - [O[ kehifronkfûh jm pnge4 [m am rmnafznrî uhn keouhfknkfûh na tmaæiehe oûvfa fhieronje per ma rmoftmhtm, fhjfknhje qum ma gfre fhomjfnte keh aeknafznjer `n sfje pngnje. - [O[ jfspehfbfafjnj4 [m rmnafznrî uhn keouhfknkfûh keouhfknkfûh na tmaæiehe oûvfa jma jmstfhntnrfe fhjfknhje an jfspehfbfafjnj jm uh gfre fhomjfnte n su heobrm y keouhfkîhjeam ma hôomre smkrmte e aeknafznjer. Zejes aes smrvfkfes njfkfehnams seh pngnjes per ma rmoftmhtm mh ma oeomhte jm an njofsfûh.
>.; \rmpnrnkfûh jm mhvïes N. MP\MJFK FEHM[ Ms uh smrvfkfe qum pmroftm rmoftfr uh kehduhte jm mhvïes jfrfgfjes n uh ofsoe jmstfhntnrfe, jmpesftnjes mh ma ofsoe oeomhte. [ûae jfspehfbam pnrn an oejnafjnj jm ‐Mhtrmgn mh Jeofkfafe‖ y keh uh oîxfoe jm >< buates. Mxkausfvnomhtm pnrn kafmhtms keh kehtrnte jm pnqumtmrïn moprmsnrfna. \REJ]KZE
HÔOMRE OÎPFOE JM MHYFE[
\M[E RMNA OÎPFOE
\M[E YEA]OÆZRFKE KAFMHZM[ OÎPFOE
\nq Zejny
><
=<
0<
KEHZRNZE
\nq \rmofuo
><
;<<
9<<
KEHZRNZE
\nq Mstîhjnr
><
;< <
9<<
KEHZRNZE
\nq><-\nq>:-\nq2:* ><
><<
> <<
[FH KEHZRNZE
Mstes prejuktes he sm keomrkfnafznh mh tejns ans pebankfehms, per ae qum nhtms jm eirmkmrae na kafmhtm, `ny qum kmrkfernrsm jm qum sï sm prmstn mstm smrvfkfe mh jmstfhe, pnrn maae ms hmkmsnrfe nbrfr an npafknkfûh Kerrmes Mxprmss m fhtrejukfr an aeknafjnj jm jmstfhe, an npafknkfûh jmveavmrî uh omhsndm fhjfknhje sf `ny mhtrmgn mh an aeknafjnj mamgfjn.
>=9
Zmon ;
mjfterfna } kmp
B. [MRYFKFE KEO\A MOM HZNRFE KAN[ FIFKNKF ÛH Aes kafmhtms pumjmh kehtrntnr mstm smrvfkfe pnrn qum Kerrmes erjmhm sus mhvïes per îobfte y kûjfges pestnams, rmqufsfte foprmskfhjfbam pnrn prmsmhtnr an kerrmspehjmhkfn mh ans uhfjnjms jm njofsfûh onsfvn. Ms uh smrvfkfe jm kansfifknkfûh jm jekuomhtes e mhvïes heronafznjes, he heronafznjes e pnqumtms. Mh ma knse jm an pnqumtmrïn aes prmkfes vnrfnrîh mh iuhkfûh jm aes jmstfhes, knhtfjnj y jfomhsfehms.
K. [M RYFKFE GM[Z FÛH V JFGF ZNAFTNKFÛ H JEK ]OMH ZE[ \nrn kafmhtms keh kehtrnte. An gmstfûh prîktfkn y kûoejn jm aes Nvfses jm rmkfbe. Na kafmhtm sm am mhvïnh aes nrk`fves keh ans foîgmhms jm aes Nvfses jm rmkfbe jfgftnafznjes y an fhieronkfûh nsekfnjn per an vïn tmamoîtfkn smgurn qum sm seafkftm (MJFZRNH, IZ\, KJ-REO, mtk.).
J. K ][ZEJ FN V GM[Z FÛH JM JEK] OMHZNKFÛH Aes kafmhtms keh kehtrnte jm jfgftnafznkfûh, tnobfæh pumjmh rmkfbfr aes jekuomhtes erfgfhnams kansfifknjes smgôh ans hmkmsfjnjms jma kafmhtm e smr kustejfnjes (Naonkmhnofmhte y kustejfn mh kndns N-T jm >.<<< jekuomhtes, sm kebrnh per nþe y per kndn, oîs uhn tnrfin per kehsuatn iïsfkn jm jekuomhte y mhtrmgn). Znrfins smgôh4 - Kustejfn y gmstfûh jm jekuomhtes. - Naonkmhnofmhte y kustejfn mh kndns N-T jm >.<<< jekuomhtes. jekuomhtes. \rmkfe per nþe y per kndn. - Kehsuatn iïsfkn jm jekuomhte y mhtrmgn. \er kehsuatn.
M. RMKEGFJN N JEOF KFAF E \esfbfafjnj jm kehtrntnr ma smrvfkfe jm rmkegfjn jm kerrmspehjmhkfn keh an rmguanrfjnj y mh ma `ernrfe qum omder kehvmhgn.
n. Kafmhtms keh nkumrje jm rmkegfjns Ma prmkfe jm mstm smrvfkfe sm jmtmrofhnrî smgôh oejnafjnj, zehn urbnhn jma puhte jm rmkegfjn, pmrfejfkfjnj, `ernrfe, knhtfjnj y tfpe jm mhvïes, pmse y veauomh jm ans rmomsns, mtk. An rmkegfjn mstîhjnr sm prmstn mh zehns jm omjfn-natn jmhsfjnj jm puhtes jm rmkegfjn. Ma veauomh iïsfke jm jmpûsfte sm njnptnrî n uh oîxfoe jm 2=< cg jm pmse y ma veauomh jm uh pnamt murepme jma ofsoe pmse per rmkegfjn. [eh Tehns Znrfinrfns4 - Tehn >4 Tehn urbnhn mh Knpftna e kmrknhn kmrknhn n an knpftna. - Tehn 24 \eaïgehe fhjustrfna/\nrqum moprmsnrfna kmrknhe n zehn urbnhn urbnhn mh knpftna. - Tehn ;4 Tehn urbnhn mh He Knpftna (aeknafjnjms 8 =<.<<< `nbftnhtms). Namdnjn jm an knpftna. - Tehn :4 Tehn urbnhn mh He Knpftna (aeknafjnjms (aeknafjnjms 1 =<.<<< `nbftnhtms). `nbftnhtms). - Tehn =4 Tehn rurna.
b. Oejnafjnj Mstîhjnr Rmguanrms4 - Tehns > y 24 · Zurhe jm onþnhn onþnhn (mamkkfûh jm mhtrm > n = rmkegfjns per smonhn). smonhn). · Zurhe jm tnrjm tnrjm (mamkkfûh jm mhtrm > n = rmkegfjns per smonhn). smonhn). · \esfbfafjnj jm rmkegfjns msperîjfkns msperîjfkns y mh sîbnjes (Mh ans rmkegfjns rmguanrms qum fhkauynh sîbnjes, sm kehsfjmrnrîh : sîbnjes na oms).
Ynaerms nþnjfjes y smrvfkfes njfkfehnams
>=7
mjfterfna } kmp
k. Oejnafjnj Mspmkfna Rmkegfjns qum per sus knrnktmrïstfkns mspmkfnams keoe4 zehn jma puhte jm rmkegfjn, veauomh iïsfke jma jmpûsfte, pmrfejfkfjnj, mtk., he mstîh keoprmhjfjns jmhtre jm an oejnafjnj mstîhjnr. Ma prmkfe sm jmtmrofhnrî mh iuhkfûh jm aes kestms smgôh ans knrnktmrïstfkns jm an rmkegfjn4 sftunkfûh gmegrîifkn, `ernrfe, jfomhsfehms, pmse, mtk. Mh ans rmkegfjns mspmkfnams qum fhkauynh sîbnjes, sm kehsfjmrnrîh : sîbnjes na oms.
I. GM[Z FÛH J]N n. Jmifhfkfûh Ans moprmsns y moprmsnrfes qum mh sus jmkanrnkfehms ifsknams sm npafqumh jmsgrnvnkfehms ifsknams per ma fopumste fhjfrmkte sepertnje mstîh ebafgnjns n nkrmjftnr an snafjn jm an omrknhkïn jm su tmrrfterfe irmhtm n an NMNZ omjfnhtm ma J]N jm Mxpertnkfûh e kmrtfifknje jm snafjn. Ma kafmhtm fhtmrmsnje mh J]N jm Mxpertnkfûh, na jmpesftnr sus mhvïes, jmbmrî npertnr ans inkturns jm an omrknhkïn y njmoîs nuterfznr n Kerrmes nhtm an njunhn pnrn qum smn su rmprmsmhtnhtm. ]hn vmz qum an njunhn nuterfkm an snafjn jma mhvïe n jmstfhe, Kerrmes am rmoftfrî ma mdmopanr ; jma J]N jm Mxpertnkfûh keh ma qum pejrî nkrmjftnr an snafjn jm omrknhkïn pnrn npafknrsm ans jmsgrnvnkfehms ifsknams n ans qum tmhgn jmrmk`e.
b. J]N mxpertnkfûh hnkfehna Mhvïes jm moprmsns e nutûheoes keh erfgmh mh \mhïhsuan y Bnamnrms jfrfgfjes n Knhnrfns, Kmutn y Omafaan. Mhvïes jm moprmsns e nutûheoes keh erfgmh mh Knhnrfns y jmstfhe iumrn jm an Keouhfjnj jm Knhnrfns4 pmhïhsuan y Bnamnrms, Kmutn y Omafaan. Fgunaomhtm sm rmkumrjn qum aes mhvïes hnkfehnams hnkfjes mh Knhnrfns qum kehtmhgnh tnbnke e nake`ea keh jmstfhe pmhïhsuan y Bnamnrms, Kmutn y Omafaan sm mhkumhtrnh sudmtes n ieronafznr J]N jm Mxpertnkfûh tnhte sf ma rmoftmhtm ms uh pnrtfkuanr keoe sf ms uhn moprmsn.
Mh ma iaude jm pmhïhsuan-Knhnrfns pmhïhsuan-Knhnrfns y Knhnrfns-pmhïhsuan, Knhnrfns-pmhïhsuan, ma mxpertnjer pejrî nkegmrsm n ans sfopafifknkfehms prmvfstns mh an mh an Rmseaukfûh J]N jm >> jm duafe jm 2<>: y ebtmhmr uh kmrtfifknje kmrtfi fknje jm snafjn n pnrtfr jma J]N jm Fopertnkfûh Fopertnkfûh mh jmstfhe pnrn nkrmjftnr an snafjn jm an omrknhkïn jm an omrknhkïn y pejmr npafknrsm ans jmsgrnvnkfehms n qum tmhgm jmrmk`e, sfmoprm qum moftn an inkturn keh an omhkfûh ‑Z2AI-OMRKNHKÏN ‑Z2AI-OMRKNHKÏN [FH JMKANRNKFÛH JMKANRN KFÛH JM MP\MJFKFÛH‟. MP\MJFKFÛH‟.
• \rekmse Ngmhtm mxtmrhe
> [f ma kafmhtm qum eptn per uh ngmhtm mxtmrhe pnrn an ieronafznkfûh ieronafznkfûh jma J]N jm Mxpertnkfûh jmbmrî jm njduhtnr na mhvïe kepfn jma Amvnhtm jm an Njunhn qum am inkfaftm su ngmhtm jm njunhns. 2 Ma kafmhtm fhtmrmsnje mh qum Kerrmes am ieronafkm ma J]N jm Mxpertnkfûh jmbmrî jm nuterfznr n Kerrmes pnrn qum mh su heobrm, kehimkkfehm ma J]N y ae gmstfehm nhtm an njunhn. ; Mh ma oeomhte oeomhte jm an njofsfûh jm aes mhvïes mh Kerrmes, ma kafmhtm jmbmrî njduhtnr an sfgufmhtm jekuomhtnkfûh rmankfehnjn keh ma mhvïe pnrn qum Kerrmes pumjn ieronafznr ma J]N jm Mxpertnkfûh. Kafmhtm pnge sfh kehtrnte. J]N jm Mxpertnkfûh per Kerrmes
> Jekuomhte jm nuterfznkfûh (ifronje (ifronje y smaanje per ma rmoftmhtm) rmoftmhtm) jmsknrgnje jmsjm jmsjm an wmb jm jm Kerrmes.
>=0
Zmon ;
mjfterfna } kmp
2 Inkturn per trfpafknje jm knjn mhvïe. Kafmhtm keh kehtrnte. J]N jm Mxpertnkfûh per Kerrmes
> Mskrfte jm seafkftuj y nuterfznkfûh jm jmspnk`e jm rmprmsmhtnkfûh ifronje ifronje y smaanje per ma rmoftmhtm jmsknrgnje jmsjm EY2. 2 Inkturn per trfpafknje jm knjn mhvïe.
k. J]N jm mxpertnkfûh fhtmrhnkfehna Mhvïes jm moprmsns e nutûheoes keh erfgmh pmhïhsuan y Bnamnrms keh jmstfhe n pnïsms he pmrtmhmkfmhtms n an ]hfûh Murepmn. Mhvïes jm moprmsns e nutûheoes keh erfgmh Knhnrfns y keh jmstfhe fhtmrhnkfehna yn smn n uh pnïs jm an ]M e he ]M. [m rmkumrjn qum mstîh ebafgnjes n ieronafznr J]N jm Mxpertnkfûh aes mhvïes fhtmrhnkfehnams rmoftfjes jmsjm Knhnrfns kehtmhfmhje tnbnke e nake`ea tnhte sf ma rmoftmhtm ms uh pnrtfkuanr keoe sf ms uhn moprmsn.
• \rekmse Ngmhtm mxtmrhe
> Ma kafmhtm qum eptm per uh ngmhtm mxtmrhe pnrn an ieronafznkfûh jma J]N jm Mxpertnkfûh jmbmrî jm njduhtnr na mhvïe kepfn jma Amvnhtm jm an Njunhn qum am inkfaftm su ngmhtm jm njunhns. 2 Ma kafmhtm fhtmrmsnje mh qum Kerrmes am ieronafkm ma J]N jm Mxpertnkfûh Mxpertnkfûh jmbmrî jm nuterfznr n Kerrmes pnrn qum mh su heobrm, kehimkkfehm ma J]N y ae gmstfehm nhtm an njunhn. ; Mh ma oeomhte jm an njofsfûh, ma kafmhtm jmbmrî njduhtnr an sfgufmhtm sfgufmhtm jekuomhtnkfûh rmankfehnjn keh ma mhvïe pnrn qum Kerrmes pumjn ieronafznr ma J]N jm Mxpertnkfûh. Kafmhtm pnge sfh kehtrnte. J]N jm Mxpertnkfûh per Kerrmes
> Jekuomhte jm nuterfznkfûh (ifronje y smaanje per ma rmoftmhtm) jmsknrgnje jmsjm an wmb jm Kerrmes. 2 Inkturn per trfpafknje jm knjn mhvïe. ; Mh knse jm qum an mxpertnkfûh kehtmhgn omrknhkïn omrknhkïn sudmtn n pnrnjunhmres jm mxpertnkfûh jmbmrî jm npertnr ma kerrmspehjfmhtm kmrtfifknje pnrnjunhmre ([nhfjnj, Inronkfn, Iftesnhftnrfe mtk.) e mh su knse an kerrmspehjfmhtm jmkanrnkfûh hmgntfvn. Kafmhtm keh kehtrnte. J]N jm Mxpertnkfûh per Kerrmes
> Mskrfte jm seafkftuj y nuterfznkfûh jm jmspnk`e jm rmprmsmhtnkfûh ifronje ifronje y smaanje per ma rmoftmhtm jmsknrgnje jmsjm EY2. 2 Inkturn per trfpafknje jm knjn mhvïe. ; Mh knse jm qum an mxpertnkfûh kehtmhgn omrknhkïn omrknhkïn sudmtn n pnrnjunhmres jm mxpertnkfûh jmbmrî jm npertnr ma kerrmspehjfmhtm kmrtfifknje pnrnjunhmre ([nhfjnj, Inronkfn, Iftesnhftnrfe mtk.) e mh su knse an kerrmspehjfmhtm jmkanrnkfûh hmgntfvn.
j. J]N jm fopertnkfûh mh Knhnrfns Mstîh sudmtes n J]N jm fopertnkfûh mh Knhnrfns aes mhvïes pestnams qum kehtmhgnh omrknhkïn. Zejes aes mhvïes prekmjmhtms jm \mhïhsuan, Bnamnrms, Kmutn y Omafaan, pnïsms jm an ]hfûh Murepmn y tmrkmres pnïsms keh jmstfhe Knhnrfns, rmoftfjes per moprmsns e pnrtfkuanrms qum kehtmhgnh omrknhkïn pnrn su kehsuoe per moprmsns e pnrtfkuanrms knhnrfes pumjmh mstnr sudmtes n J]N jm Fopertnkfûh mh Knhnrfns. Mxfstmh jfimrmhtms J]N jm Fopertnkfûh mh Knhnrfns, sfmhje su trntnofmhte jfimrmhtm smgôh ma erfgmh jma mhvïe, kehjfkfûh jma fopertnjer, vnaer jm an omrknhkïn, kehtreams y rmstrfkkfehms n an omrknhkïn mtk. N snbmr4 Bndes Ynaerms, [fopafifknje y Erjfhnrfe.
Ynaerms nþnjfjes y smrvfkfes njfkfehnams
>=6
mjfterfna } kmp
Bndes vnaerms4 jmbm jm smþnanrsm qum an fopertnkfûh mh Knhnrfns jm mhvïes hnkfehnams m fhtmrhnkfehnams mh aes qum kehkurrnh n an vmz ans sfgufmhtms trms knrnktmrïstfkns smrîh jmspnk`njes nhtm an njunhn per omjfe jm omhsndm jm Bnde Ynaer3 mh knse jm nkmptnkfûh jma omhsndm per pnrtm jm an njunhn ma jmstfhntnrfe qumjnrî jfspmhsnje jm pngnr J]N y qumjnrî mxmhte jm trfbutes. \nrn pejmr prmsmhtnr jmspnk`e Bnde Ynaer ms hmkmsnrfe qum kehkurrnh n an vmz ans sfgufmhtms knrnktmrïstfkns4 - Ynaer fhimrfer e fguna n >=< ₡. - Omrknhkïn he sudmtn n pnrnjunhmres ([nhfjnj, Inronkfn, Knafjnj mtk.). - Omrknhkïn he sudmtn n FFMM (tnbnke e nake`ea).
• Mhvïes erfgmh jm Zmrkm Zmrkmres res pnïsms e nsfofanjes4 J]N Erjfhnrfe Mstîh sudmtes n J]N Erjfhnrfe jm Fopertnkfûh mh Knhnrfns aes mhvïes hnkfehnams (prekmjmhtms jm Kmutn y Omafaan) y aes mhvïes fhtmrhnkfehnams keh omrknhkïn erfgmh Zmrkmres \nïsms y mstnrîh mh su knse ebafgnjes na pnge jm trfbutes, aes mhvïes mh qum kehkurrn naguhn jm ans sfgufmhtms kfrkuhstnhkfns4 - Omrknhkïn mh gmhmrna jm vnaer supmrfer n >=< ₡. - Omrknhkïn sudmtn na pnge jm Fopumstes Mspmkfnams (tnbnke, nake`ea mtk.) y pmriuoms y nguns jm keaehfn, keh fhjmpmhjmhkfn jm su vnaer, fhkause jm vnaer fhimrfer n >=< ₡. - Omrknhkïn sudmtn uh kehtrea pnrnjunhmre jm mhtrnjn mh an ]hfûh Murepmn (Inronkfn, [nhfjnj, Kehtrea jm Knafjnj mtk.), keh fhjmpmhjmhkfn jm su vnaer, fhkause jm vnaer fhimrfer n >=< ₡. - Omrknhkïn sudmtn sudmtn na pnge jma trfbute knhnrfe NFMO keh fhjmpmhjmhkfn jm su vnaer, fhkause jm vnaer fhimrfer n >=< ₡. \rekmjfofmhte Erjfhnrfe4
> N an aamgnjn jma mhvïe n an KTN jm Ans \naons e Zmhmrfim, Kerrmes onhjn uh Nvfse jm Aamgnjn na jmstfhntnrfe pnrn fhieronram qum jmbm jm npertnr mh ma panze qum sm am fhjfqum an jekuomhtnkfûh njunhmrn -inkturn jm an omrknhkïn y Nuterfznkfûh jm Jmspnk`e mh inver jm Kerrmes- pnrn qum Kerrmes am ieronafkm uh prmsupumste. Ma mhvïe pmronhmkm mstnkfehnje `nstn su jmspnk`e nhtm an njunhn. 2 Ma fhkuopafofmhte jma panze pnrn kehtmstnr na Nvfse jm Aamgnjn pumjm kehaamvnr an jmveaukfûh jma mhvïe n erfgmh. ; Ieronafznje ma prmsupumste per pnrtm jm Kerrmes, am ms rmoftfje na jmstfhntnrfe pnrn qum ae fhgrmsm mh kunaqufmr eifkfhn jm Kerrmes e bfmh per omjfe jm trnsimrmhkfn bnhknrfn n an kumhtn jm Kerrmes fhjfknjn mh ma Nvfse jm Aamgnjn. : Ma fhkuopafofmhte jma panze pnrn fhgrmsnr ma prmsupumste prmsupumste pumjm kehaamvnr an jmveaukfûh jma mhvïe n erfgmh. = ]hn vmz qum Kerrmes, nkusn rmkfbe jma fhgrmse jma jma prmsupumste, Kerrmes rmnafzn aes trîoftms pnrn jmspnk`nr ma mhvïe nhtm an njunhn. 9 Nuterfznjn an fopertnkfûh per pnrtm jm an Njunhn ma mhvïe snam snam n rmpnrte. 7 Ma jmstfhntnrfe jma mhvïe pumjm eptnr per jmspnk`nr per ngmhtm jm Njunhns mxtmrhe e per nutejmspnk`e mh aes knses mh aes qum an amy sm ae nuterfzn prmvfe pnge jm an tnrfin jm inktndm n Kerrmes per aes gnstes jm naonkmhndm. \rekmjfofmhte sfopafifknje
Mstîh sudmtes n J]N jm Fopertnkfûh mh Knhnrfns y mh su knse ebafgnjes na pnge jm trfbutes aes mhvïes erfgmh rmste jm Mspnþn (*) e ]M mh qum kehkurrnh naguhe jm ans sfgufmhtms kfrkuhstnhkfns4 - Omrknhkïn jm vnaer supmrfer n >=< ₡. - Omrknhkïn sudmtn sudmtn na pnge pnge jm Fopumstes Fopumstes Mspmkfnams (tnbnke e nake`ea) y pmriuoms y ngun s jm keaehfn, keh fhjmpmhjmhkfn jm su vnaer, fhkause jm vnaer fhimrfer n >=< ₡.
>9<
Zmon ;
mjfterfna } kmp
-
Omrknhkïn sudmtn sudmtn kehtreams jm Iftesnhftnrfe keh fhjmpmhjmhkfn jm su vnaer, fhkause jm vnaer fhimrfer n >=< ₡. - Omrknhkïn sudmtn sudmtn na pnge jma trfbute knhnrfe NFMO keh fhjmpmhjmhkfn jm su vnaer, fhkause jm vnaer fhimrfer n >=< ₡. \rekmjfofmhte4 > Na aamgnr aes mhvïes n Knhnrfns y sfh mstnkfehnrsm, aes mhvïes snamh n rmpnrte mh Knhnrfns. 2 Kerrmes eirmkm an afqufjnkfûh trfbutnrfn na jmstfhntnrfe pnrn su pnge ‛moprmsn e pnrtfkuanr- na rmnafznr ma fhtmhte jm mhtrmgn. ; Ma jmstfhntnrfe knhnrfe rmkfbfrî ma mhvïe kehtrn kehtrn ma pnge jm an afqufjnkfûh njmoîs jm an tnrfin jm J]N qum kebrn Kerrmes per su smrvfkfe. : Mhtrmgnje ma mhvïe na jmstfhntnrfe, na ifronr ma ‑rmkfbï‟ ‑rmkfbï‟ jma mhvïe nuterfznrî nuterfznrî n Kerrmes keoe su rmprmsmhtnhtm njunhmre. = Mh ma oeomhte jm an mhtrmgn jma mhvïe per pnrtm jm Kerrmes, ma jmstfhntnrfe knhnrfe pumjm pumjm eptnr per mamgfr pnrn ma jmspnk`e uh ngmhtm mxtmrhe e per nutejmspnk`nrsm, mh kuye knse Kerrmes seanomhtm am mhtrmgnrî ma mhvïe sf ma jmstfhntnrfe npertn ma amvnhtm jm an njunhn y mh su knse prekmjm na pnge jm an tnrfin jm inktndm per aes gnstes jm naonkmhndm. \nrn qum aes mhvïes erfgmh erfgmh rmste jm Mspnþn y ]M pumjnh snafr n rmpnrte rmpnrte sfh mstnkfehnrsm (snave (snave fhspmkkfûh per pnrtm jm an njunhn), ms hmkmsnrfe qum n an njofsfûh mh erfgmh, ma rmoftmhtm `nyn npertnje uhn inkturn jm an omrknhkïn sf ms moprmsn e uhn jmkanrnkfûh jm vnaer KH-2; sf ma rmoftmhtm iumsm uh pnrtfkuanr.
m. J]N jm fopertnkfûh pmhïhsuan y bnamnrms Mstîh sudmtes n J]N jm fopertnkfûh mh pmhïhsuan y Bnamnrms aes mhvïes pestnams qum kehtmhgnh omrknhkïn prekmjmhtms Knhnrfns, Kmutn y Omafaan y jm Zmrkmres pnïsms. Zejes aes mhvïes prekmjmhtms jm Knhnrfns, Kmutn y Omafaan y Zmrkmres pnïsms keh jmstfhe n pmhïhsuan y Bnamnrms, rmoftfjes per moprmsns e pnrtfkuanrms qum kehtmhgnh omrknhkïn pnrn su kehsuoe per moprmsns e pnrtfkuanrms mh pmhïhsuan y Bnamnrms, pumjmh mstnr sudmtes n J]N jm Fopertnkfûh y na pnge jm trfbutes. Mxfstmh jfimrmhtms J]N jm Fopertnkfûh y prekmjfofmhtes mh pmhïhsuan y Bnamnrms, sfmhje su trntnofmhte jfimrmhtm smgôh ma kehtmhfje jma mhvïe, vnaer y tfpeaegïn jma jmstfhntnrfe4 Bndes vnaerms, [fopafifknje y Erjfhnrfe. Bnde vnaer4 Jmbm jm smþnanrsm qum an fopertnkfûh mh pmhïhsuan y Bnamnrms jm mhvïes hnkfehnams m fhtmrhnkfehnams mh aes qum kehkurrnh n an vmz ans sfgufmhtms trms knrnktmrïstfkns smrîh jmspnk`njes nhtm an njunhn per omjfe jm omhsndm jm Bnde Ynaer3 mh knse jm nkmptnkfûh jma omhsndm per pnrtm jm an njunhn ma jmstfhntnrfe qumjnrî jfspmhsnje jm pngnr J]N y qumjnrî mxmhte jm trfbutes. - Ynaer fhimrfer e fguna n 22 ₡. - Omrknhkïn he sudmtn n pnrnjunhmres ([nhfjnj, Inronkfn, Knafjnj mtk.). - Omrknhkïn he sudmtn n FFMM (tnbnke e nake`ea).
• \rekmjfofmhte \rekmjfofmhte sfopafifknje [m trnoftnh per prekmjfofmhte sfopafifknje aes mhvïes mh qum kehkurrnh n an vmz ans sfgufmhtms kuntre knrnktmrïstfkns4 - Mhvïe jfrfgfje n uh pnrtfkuanr. - Omrknhkïn jm vnaer fhimrfer e fguna n >=< ₡ pmre onyer jm 22 ₡. - Omrknhkïn he sudmtn kehtreams pnrnjunhmres pnrnjunhmres jm mhtrnjn mh an ]M ([nhfjnj, Inronkfn, Inronkfn, Knafjnj mtk.). - Omrknhkïn he sudmtn n fopumstes mspmkfnams (nake`ea e tnbnke). Jmspnk`nje Jmspnk`nje ma mhvïe nhtm an njunhn, ma jmstfhntnrfe pngn n an mhtrmgn jma mhvïe ma fopumste FYN y an tnrfin jm J]N jm Kerrmes.
Ynaerms nþnjfjes y smrvfkfes njfkfehnams
>9>
mjfterfna } kmp
\er kehsfgufmhtm ma mhvïe n an aamgnjn n Bnrndns y sfh mstnkfehnrsm ms jmspnk`nje y snam n rmpnrte jfrmktnomhtm snave mh knse jm fhspmkkfûh per pnrtm jm an njunhn pnrn pnrn su rmvfsfûh m fhspmkkfûh. Mh ma rmste jm aes knses, aes mhvïes sm trnoftnh per \rekmjfofmhte Erjfhnrfe.
• \rekmjfofmhte \rekmjfofmhte erjfhnrfe > N an aamgnjn jma mhvïe, Kerrmes onhjn uh Nvfse jm Aamgnjn na jmstfhntnrfe pnrn fhieronram qum jmbm jm npertnr mh ma panze qum sm am fhjfqum an jekuomhtnkfûh njunhmrn -inkturn jm an omrknhkïn y Nuterfznkfûh jm Jmspnk`e mh inver jm Kerrmes- pnrn qum Kerrmes am ieronafkm uh prmsupumste. 2 Ma fhkuopafofmhte jma panze pnrn pnrn kehtmstnr na Nvfse jm aamgnjn pumjm kehaamvnr an jmveaukfûh jma jma mhvïe n erfgmh. ; Ieronafznje ma prmsupumste per pnrtm jm Kerrmes, am ms rmoftfje per Kerrmes na jmstfhntnrfe pnrn qum ae fhgrmsm mh kumhtn jm Kerrmes fhjfknjn mh ma Nvfse jm Aamgnjn. : Ma fhkuopafofmhte jma panze pnrn fhgrmsnr ma prmsupumste pumjm kehaamvnr an jmveaukfûh jma mhvïe n erfgmh. = ]hn vmz qum Kerrmes, nkusn rmkfbe jma fhgrmse jma prmsupumste, Kerrmes rmnafzn aes trîoftms trîoftms pnrn jmspnk`nr ma mhvïe nhtm an njunhn. Nuterfznjn an fopertnkfûh per pnrtm jm an Njunhn ma mhvïe snam n rmpnrte. 9 Ma jmstfhntnrfe jma mhvïe pumjm eptnr per jmspnk`nr per ngmhtm jm Njunhns mxtmrhe e per ma nutejmspnk`e mh aes knses mh aes qum an amy sm ae nuterfzn prmvfe pnge jm an tnrfin jm inktndm.
G. [MG]FOF MHZE JM KNO\NÞN[ Kerrmes pehm n jfspesfkfûh jm sus kafmhtms an fhieronkfûh sebrm ma rmpnrte jm sus knopnþns onsfvns jm pubafkfjnj (bnde kehtrnte) jm aes prejuktes \ubafkerrme Ûptfoe y \ubafkerrme \rmofuo. Kehtrntnhje mstm smrvfkfe ma kafmhtm pejrî ebtmhmr fhieronkfûh ehafhm nkmrkn jm jûhjm y kuîhje sm mstîh jfstrfbuymhje sus knopnþns. \nrn maae, tfmhm qum tmhmr kehtrntnje ma smrvfkfe y jnr jm natn an knopnþn mh www.kerrmes.ms, jmifhfmhje aes jmtnaams jm an ofson4 fongmh, hôomre jm mhvïes, pmse, kûjfges pestnams jm jmstfhe... . Kerrmes rmpertnrî jfnrfnomhtm ma perkmhtndm jm mhvïes jfstrfbufjes per kûjfge pestna, jmsjm ma jïn sfgufmhtm n su njofsfûh. Znobfæh rmpertnrî fhieronkfûh jm aes mhvïes rmkfbfjes y jfstrfbufjes mh knjn kûjfge pestna, aeknafjnj y prevfhkfn. An fhieronkfûh sm jnrî jurnhtm 9 jïns `îbfams, kehtnjes jmsjm ma jïn jmspuæs jma jmpûsfte jm aes mhvïes mh Kerrmes. Ma sfstmon nktunafzn an fhieronkfûh nuteoîtfknomhtm n ans <<4<< jma jïn sfgufmhtm na rmpnrte rmnafznje. Ma kafmhtm pumjm mxpertnr ma fhierom mh Mxkma e \JI. \nrn pejmr rmnafznr mstm smrvfkfe, ma oïhfoe jm mhvïes per kûjfge pestna jm jmstfhe ms jm4 - ;=< mhvïes tnonþe heronafznje. - ><< mhvïes tnonþe he heronafznje.
@. FO\RM[FÛH [E\ERZM[ \]BAFKFJNJ Kerrmes foprfom aes knrtmams qum ma kafmhtm kehtrntm pnrn ma smrvfkfe \ubafkfty. Rmkmpkfehnhje aes ifk`mres mh \JI n foprfofr y rmnafznhje an foprmsfûh Iuaa Keaer jma knrtma mh N; per uhn knrn mh pnpma banhke eiismt jm >>= gr, jm tnonþe :2< per 267 oo
F. \REOE\ RMH [ \reoeprmhs ms ma heobrm jnje n an seaukfûh jm prfhkfpfe n ifh qum `n eirmkfje Kerrmes na smkter mjfterfna pnrn sus mhvïes jm preoekfehms (e rmgnaes qum sm eirmkmh duhte n uhn knrtfaan jm puhtes) qum, `nstn msm oeomhte, sm jfstrfbuïnh, prfhkfpnaomhtm, n trnvæs jm an rmj jm qufeskes jm prmhsn y grnhjms supmrifkfms. Kerrmes sm `n jfimrmhkfnje jm maaes eirmkfmhje na kafmhtm an mhtrmgn omjfnhtm \nq Mstîhjnr, njnptîhjeae n ans hmkmsfjnjms jm knjn kafmhtm y knjn preoekfûh.
>92
Zmon ;
mjfterfna } kmp
Ans mhtrmgns jm aes mhvïes keh tnh seae uhn rmimrmhkfn, njnptnoes aes panzes jm pmronhmhkfn mh afstn na tfpe jm knopnþn, rmnafznoes an kansfifknkfûh jm knrtfaans, epmrnkfehms aegïstfkns keoe ma mhsebrnje jm mhvïes, an krmnkfûh jm ifk`mres y mtfqumtns, aegïstfkn fhvmrsn, … Hes `moes jfimrmhkfnje tnobfæh fhieronhje jfnrfnomhtm n humstre kafmhtm jma mstnje jm sus mhvïes, gmstfehnhje ma kebre m fhgrmsîhjeam aes fopertms mh 72 `erns. Mhvïnoes `nstn : sos n sus kafmhtms y mhtrmgnoes m htrmgnoes ma 6;% jm aes mhvïes m hvïes mh uh panze jm J+2 keh tnh sûae uh <,<: % jm fhkfjmhkfns. Mste sm `n trnjukfje, `nstn ma oeomhte, mh ;< knopnþns preoekfehnams y an mhtrmgn jm oîs jm ;<<.<<< nrtïkuaes.
D. JM[ZR]KKFÛH MHYÏE[ Omjfnhtm uhn tnrfin per knopnþn y pnrn kafmhtms bnde kehtrnte qum rmnafkmh knopnþns jm onrcmtfhg onsfvns n hfvma hnkfehna, sm pumjm nkkmjmr n mstm smrvfkfe pnrn \ubafkerrme Ûptfoe y \ubafkerrme \rmofuo, pnrn an jmstrukkfûh jm sus mhvïes jmvumates. Na kehtrntnr mstm smrvfkfe, Kerrmes jmstruym aes mhvïes jmvumates jm uhn knopnþn qum he `nh pejfje smr mhtrmgnjes, smgôh ans kehjfkfehms jm mhtrmgn jma prejukte keh ma qum `nh sfje mhvfnjes. ]hn vmz ngetnjes tejes aes fhtmhtes jm mhtrmgn jm aes mhvïes, mstes sm jmvumavmh na Kmhtre jm Zrntnofmhte jm Jmstfhe, jehjm sm kustejfnrîh `nstn su mhtrmgn na prevmmjer jm Kerrmes qum vn n rmnafznr an jmstrukkfûh. Mstes prevmmjerms mstîh jmbfjnomhtm kunafifknjes pnrn rmnafznr an jmstrukkfûh jm jekuomhtnkfûh kehifjmhkfna, keh nrrmgae n ae mstnbamkfje mh an herontfvn nktuna qum mxfstm mh ontmrfn jm \retmkkfûh jm Jntes \mrsehnams y Gmstfûh Omjfenobfmhtna jm Rmsfjues. Aes kafmhtms pumjmh mstnr fhtmrmsnjes mh mstm smrvfkfe per trms rnzehms4 - [mgurfjnj4 Aes kafmhtms tfmhmh an kehifnhzn y gnrnhtïn jm qum ans jfrmkkfehms jm sus mhvïes jm onrcmtfhg jfrmkte vnh n smr jmstrufjes rmspmtnhje ans herons onrknjns per an Amy jm \retmkkfûh jm Jntes. Jm mstn onhmrn mvftnrîh pesfbams snhkfehms. - Kufjnr ma omjfe nobfmhtm4 Zeje ma ontmrfna jm pnpma jmstrufje ms rmkfkanje y sm kehvfmrtm mh uhn pnstn jm pnpma qum pmroftm su rmutfafznkfûh keoe pnpma mkeaûgfke. - Keoejfjnj y n`erre jm kestms4 Kerrmes sm mhknrgn jm rmnafznr tejes aes trîoftms trîoftms y humstres humstres kafmhtms sm sm mvftnh aes kestms jmrfvnjes jm naonkmhnr aes mhvïes jmvumates, mobnanraes, kustejfnraes keh smgurfjnj, busknr uhn moprmsn ifnbam qum rmnafkm keh smgurfjnj an jmstrukkfûh jm aes mhvïes y mh su knse trnhspertnraes `nstn an ofson.
>.: Jfstrfbukfûh N. MHZR MGN JM ]H N\NR N\NRZ ZNJE JM KERRM E[ [mgôh nkumrje, kehsfjmrnhje an mstrukturn urbnhn, `ernrfe jm mhtrmgn, knhtfjnj y tfpe jm mhvïes, pmse, veauomh jm rmomsn, mtk. An tnrfin oïhfon omhsuna sm mstnbamkm smgôh nkumrje, y kehsfjmrnhje an mstrukturn urbnhn, `ernrfe jm mhtrmgn, knhtfjnj y tfpe jm mhvïes, pmse, veauomh jm ans rmomsns, mtk.
B. MHZRMGN N JEOFKFAFE JM MHYÏE[ [FH MHZRMGN JEOFKFAFNR FN Omjfnhtm mstm smrvfkfe ma jmstfhntnrfe jm uh mhvïe sfh mhtrmgn jeofkfafnrfn per sus knrnktmrïstfkns y n nqumaaes prejuktes qum tmhfmhje mhtrmgn n jeofkfafe, tmhgnh ngetnjes sus fhtmhtes jm mhtrmgn n jeofkfafe, pumjmh seafkftnr uhn humvn mhtrmgn n jeofkfafe. [m mstnbamkmh jes trnoes tnrfinrfes4 - Mhvïes `nstn >< cg - Mhvïes `nstn 2< cg
Ynaerms nþnjfjes y smrvfkfes njfkfehnams
>9;
mjfterfna } kmp
K. MHZR MGN MH AF[ZN JM KERRM E[ [mrvfkfe grntufte, pnrn an mhtrmgn jm mhvïes n pmrsehns sfh jeofkfafe ifde mh an aeknafjnj e qum mstmh jm pnse.
J. MHZRMG N KEH RMKE GFJN \nrn kafmhtms keh kehtrnte jm \nq Zejny, \nq \rmofuo y \nq Mstîhjnr. [m rmgfrî per an Epmrntfvn mstnbamkfjn y smgôh an oejnafjnj jm mhtrmgn mskegfjn (Eifkfhn Mamgfjn, Eifkfhn jm Rmimrmhkfn e Jeofkfafe). Ma mhvïe rmterhnje kfrkuan keoe uh \nq Rmterhe \rmofuo. Ma kafmhtm mspmkfifknrî mh ma prm-rmgfstre ans fhstrukkfehms qum jmbmrî jm smgufr ma pmrsehna jm Kerrmes pnrn an kerrmktn mdmkukfûh jma smrvfkfe, keoe an keoprebnkfûh jma kehtmhfje jma mhvïe jmvumate, K`mqume jm jekuomhtnkfûh, mtk. [mrvfkfe qum pmroftm n kunaqufmr Moprmsn jfspehmr jm uhn seaukfûh pnrn an mhtrmgn y rmkegfjn sfouatîhmn jm kunaqufmr tfpe jm jekuomhtnkfûh e omrknhkïn, keh an pesfbfafjnj jm rmnafznr kunaqufmr nkkfûh njfkfehna qum jmonhjm ma kafmhtm (keoprebnkfûh jma kehtmhfje jma mhvïe jmvumate, keoprebnkfehms jm kehtmhfje, fhtmrknobfe jm jekuomhtes, k`mqume jm jekuomhtnkfûh, rmkegfjn jm ifron, mtk.). Ma kafmhtm jnrî ans fhstrukkfehms n smgufr mh knjn epmrntfvn.
M. MHZ RMG N MH \RE\F N ONHE \nrn pnïsms qum njoftnh mstn oejnafjnj, seae smrî mhtrmgnje ma mhvïe na jmstfhntnrfe, sfh pesfbfafjnj jm nuterfznkfehms. Zfmhm uh kestm ifde per mhvïe.
I. MM J \mroftm qum aes mhvïes seae pumjnh smr mhtrmgnjes ôhfknomhtm na jmstfhntnrfe, prmvfn fjmhtfifknkfûh jm su fjmhtfjnj. He njoftm mhtrmgn n tmrkmres keh nuterfznkfûh e jmamgnkfûh. [eae pumjmh fr jfrfgfjes n pmrsehns iïsfkns. He njoftm mhtrmgns n pmrsehns durïjfkns. Yîafje bnde kehtrnte pnrn \nq Zejny, \nq \rmofuo y \nq Mstîhjnr.
G. MHZR MGN MH IMK@N JMZMROFHN JN Mxkausfvnomhtm pnrn kafmhtms keh kehtrnte jm \nq \rmofuo. Kehsfstm mh jmtmrofhnr an imk`n kehkrmtn jm an mhtrmgn, bnsnje mh ans hmkmsfjnjms jma kafmhtm. Ma rmoftmhtm fhjfkn mh quæ imk`n sm `n jm rmnafznr ma fhtmhte jm mhtrmgn. Ma mhvïe pmronhmkmrî mh ‑Mstnkfehnje‟, onrknhje ‑mhtrmgn kehkmrtnjn‟, `nstn an imk`n fhjfknjn.
@. MH ZRMGN MH IRNHDN @ERNRFN Mxkausfvnomhtm pnrn kafmhtms keh kehtrnte jm pnqumtmrïn jm \nq Zejny y \nq \rmofuo, pnrn mhtrmgns n jeofkfafe, aes kafmhtms pejrîh mamgfr uhn irnhdn `ernrfn pnrn an mhtrmgn jm sus mhvïes. Mxfstmh kuntre irnhdns `ernrfns4 Irnhdns `ernrfns Jm 6 n >2. Jm >2 n >=. Jm >= n >0. Jm >0 n 2>. Mstm smrvfkfe mstî jfspehfbam mh knpftnams jm prevfhkfn y pebankfehms qum jfspehmh jm turhe jm rmpnrte jm tnrjm.
>9:
Zmon ;
mjfterfna } kmp
F. \MZFKFÛH JM JMYEA]KFÛH, OEJFIFKNKFÛH E KERRMKKFÛH JM JFRMKKFÛH \E[ZNA Ma rmoftmhtm pumjm seafkftnr an jmveaukfûh, oejfifknkfûh e kerrmkkfûh jm an jfrmkkfûh pestna jma mhvïe. Ma smrvfkfe sm prmstn per knjn mhvïe rmoftfje, he per rmomsns. Mxfstm ma smrvfkfe n hfvma hnkfehna keoe fhtmrhnkfehna. [f mstn pmtfkfûh sm kursn tmamgrîifknomhtm, ma fhtmrmsnje nbehnrî, njmoîs, ma prmkfe jma smrvfkfe tmamgrîifke kerrmspehjfmhtm.
D. GM[Z FÛH JM M[ZN M[ZNKFEH KFEH NJE[ Aes mhvïes \nq Zejny, \nq \rmofuo y \nq Mstîhjnr tfmhmh kehtrntnje uh smrvfkfe jm nate vnaer nþnjfje qum pmroftm na Rmoftmhtm an gmstfûh fhjfvfjunafznjn jm nqumaans fhkfjmhkfns qum sm pumjmh prmsmhtnr, nhtms e jmspuæs jma rmpnrte jeofkfafnrfe, y qum fopfjmh an mhtrmgn na Jmstfhntnrfe. \nrn pejmr rmnafznr mstn gmstfûh, y uhn vmz kehekfjn e prejukfjn an fhkfjmhkfn, an ]hfjnj jmbm jnr jm natn ma mhvïe mh uh naonkæh jm [GFM mspmkïifke (‑Naonkæh jm Mstnkfehnjes‟), fhjfknhje jm mstm oeje qum jmsjm msm fhstnhtm qumjn n an mspmrn jm rmkfbfr fhstrukkfehms kehkrmtns sebrm quæ `nkmr keh ma ofsoe. ]hn vmz an ]hfjnj ae `n jnje jm natn mh [GFM mh ma naonkæh jm mstnkfehnjes ma prepfe sfstmon mhvïn uhn namrtn na rmoftmhtm pnrn qum mstm n su vmz fhierom n an ]hfjnj jm keoe prekmjmr mh knjn knse4 jmveavfmhje ma mhvïe, rmmhvfîhjeae n etrn jfrmkkfûh, mtk. Ans ]hfjnjms huhkn jmbmh kehtnktnr jfrmktnomhtm jfrmktnomhtm keh ma Rmoftmhtm Rmoftmhtm pnrn kehekmr kûoe kûoe prekmjmr keh uh mhvïe qum mstæ mstnkfehnje. Ans fhstrukkfehms aamgnrîh n an ]hfjnj sfmoprm n trnvæs jm [GFM. Ma naonkæh jm mstnkfehnjes jm [GFM ms mspmkïifke y mstî jfimrmhkfnje jm aes etres qum yn pujfmrn tmhmr an ]hfjnj pnrn mhvïes mh jmpûsfte e, mh ma knse jm ans eifkfhns ofxtns, pnrn mhvïes pmhjfmhtms jm mhtrmgn mh eifkfhn e Afstn. Mh ans eifkfhns ofxtns jmbmh mxfstfr jes naonkmhms jm mstnkfehnjes jfimrmhkfnjes, uhe pnrn mhvïes gmstfehnjes mh rmpnrte y etre pnrn aes jm mhtrmgn mh eifkfhn. Ans fhkfjmhkfns qum pumjmh fopmjfr uhn mhtrmgn pumjmh smr4 - Kunhje sm nprmkfn return e nvmrïn. - Kunhje aes jntes jntes jma jmstfhntnrfe seh fhsuifkfmhtms fhsuifkfmhtms pnrn pnrn rmnafznr an mhtrmgn. - Kunhje an jfrmkkfûh ms fhkerrmktn e jmskehekfjn. - Kunhje hnjfm sm `nkm knrge jma mhvïe. Aes mhvïes pumjmh pmronhmkmr `nstn >2< `erns/= jïns hnturnams mstnkfehnje n an mspmrn jm qum sm oejfifqumh aes jntes. Rmo mofftmhtm jm jma mh mhvïe (k (keh kehtrnte) Jmsjm an Eifkfhn \estna Yfrtuna \mroftm oejfifknr4 Jfrmkkfûh, oejnafjnj, rmnafznr jmveaukfehms e jmstrufr ma mhvïe.
Jmstfhntnrfe jm jma mh mhvïe Keh ma hôomre jm mhvïe y pfh, omjfnhtm an epkfûh ‑gmstfûh jm mstnkfehnjes‟ mh an Eifkfhn \estna Yfrtuna \mroftm oejfifknr e nkanrnr jntes jm an jfrmkkfûh jm mhtrmgn.
C. GM[ZFÛH JM MHZRMGN \nrn nsmgurnr an mhtrmgn mh nkumrjes mspmkfnams ms pesfbam kehtrntnr uh smguhje fhtmhte jm mhtrmgn kmrtfifknjn n jeofkfafe mh imk`n y `ern jfstfhtn na prfomre.
Ynaerms nþnjfjes y smrvfkfes njfkfehnams
>9=
mjfterfna } kmp
A. GM[Z FÛH FHIE RONKFÛH GFRE [mrvfkfe qum pmroftm kehekmr na rmoftmhtm jm uh gfre ma mstnje jm su mhvïe, sm trnifkn keh uhn knhtfjnj ifdn per gfre.
O. GM[ZFÛH JM MHZRMGN HEZFIFKNKFEHM[ An humvn rmguankfûh jm ans hetfifknkfehms trns an mhtrnjn mh vfger jm an Amy ;6/2<>=, jm > jm ektubrm, jma \rekmjfofmhte Njofhfstrntfve Keoôh jm ans Njofhfstrnkfehms \ôbafkns, mstnbamkm mh su nrtïkuae :2 qum mh knse jm qum ma prfomr fhtmhte jm hetfifknkfûh sm `nyn rmnafznje nhtms jm ans qufhkm `erns, ma smguhje fhtmhte jmbmrî rmnafznrsm jmspuæs jm ans qufhkm `erns y vfkmvmrsn, jmdnhje mh teje knse na omhes uh onrgmh jm jfimrmhkfn jm trms `erns mhtrm nobes fhtmhtes jm hetfifknkfûh. Zrns maae Kerrmes `n prekmjfje n fhkrmomhtnr an tnrfin jm vnaer nþnjfje ‑gmstfûh jm mhtrmgn jm hetfifknkfehms‟.
H. M [KNHM E V M[KNH ME YNAFJNKFÛH Ma smrvfkfe jm Msknhme y Ynafjnkfûh pehm n jfspesfkfûh jm aes Kafmhtms jm Kerrmes, keh kehtrnte uh smrvfkfe pnrn fjmhtfifknr an fjmhtfjnj jm sus kafmhtms y `nkmram aamgnr jm ieron jfgftnafznjn aes jekuomhtes hmkmsnrfes. Kehkrmtnomhtm4 - Ynafjnkfûh4 Ms uh smrvfkfe qum vmrfifkn jm ieron omkîhfkn an nutmhtfkfjnj jm jekuomhtes jm fjmhtfjnj (JHF, \nsnpertm, HFM) etergnhje oîxfon smgurfjnj na prekmse jm fjmhtfifknkfûh. Ms jmkfr, sm rmnafzn jm ieron prmsmhkfna per pnrtm jma kafmhtm jma rmoftmhtm jma mhvïe. - Msknhme jm jekuomhtes4 Kehsfstm mh ma msknhme jm kunaqufmr etre jekuomhte rmqumrfje per an moprmsn (inkturns, hûofhns, mxtrnkte bnhknrfe, ...) qum sm `nkmh aamgnr jm ieron mamktrûhfkn n aes kafmhtms. Mstî jfrfgfje prfhkfpnaomhtm prfhkfpnaomhtm n moprmsns qum qufmrnh fjmhtfifknr jm ieron prmsmhkfna n sus kafmhtms e qum qufmrnh msknhmnr jekuomhtes hmkmsnrfes pnrn an rmankfûh keh sus kafmhtms. Nktunaomhtm,, seanomhtm Nktunaomhtm seanomhtm sm mhkumhtrn keoe uh uh vnaer nþnjfje jm pnqumtmrïn pnqumtmrïn pmre pmre mh brmvm snajrî keh uh smrvfkfe fhjmpmhjfmhtm. Ma msknhme pumjm smr kehtrntnje, mxkausfvnomhtm, pnrn mhvïes keh jmstfhe jmhtre jma tmrrfterfe hnkfehna y Nhjerrn, sfmhje ma ieronte jm foîgmhms dpg y pji, nuhqu nuhqumm sm pumjm njnpt njnptnr nr n ans hmkms hmkmsfjnjm fjnjmss jma kafmh kafmhtm. tm. [m pejrî msknh msknhmnr mnr keoe oîxfoe trms jekuomhtes. Mh an seaukfûh kehtrntnjn pnrn knjn kafmhtm moprmsn, sm nkerjnrî an rmankfûh jm jekuomhtes n seafkftnr pnrn su msknhmnje e msknhmnje keh vnafjnkfûh n sus usunrfes ifhnams. Mh ma prekmse, na nvfsnr na usunrfe ifhna vïn [O[/onfa, sm am fhieronrî jm an jekuomhtnkfûh jekuomhtnkfûh qum jmbm prmsmhtnr kunhje nkujn n ifronr n an eifkfhn. Mh an eifkfhn, ma sfstmon fhjfknrî fhjfknrî aes pnses n smgufr pnrn seafkftnr na usunrfe aes jekuomhtes jekuomhtes mspmkïifkes n msknhmnr y/e vnafjnr.
Þ. H ÔOMRE JM MHZRMGN[ \NRNOMZRFTNBAM Nktunaomhtm ma hôomre jm fhtmhtes jm mhtrmgn ms jm jes y keh mstm humve smrvfkfe, ma kafmhtm (keh kehtrnte) pumjm mamgfr mhtrm uhe e trms fhtmhtes jm mhtrmgn jma mhvïe na jmstfhntnrfe. Yîafje pnrn \nq Zejny, \nq \rmofuo y \nq Mstîhjnr, bnde kehtrnte.
E. \ ANTE JM \MR ONHM HKF N MH AF[ZN Ma tfmope mstîhjnr jm pmronhmhkfn mh afstn ms jm >= jïns. Ma rmoftmhtm jma mhvïe pumjm keh mstn epkfûh mamgfr etres panzes pnrn qum ma mhvïe mstæ mh Afstn n jfspesfkfûh jma jmstfhntnrfe. [m krmn uhn tnrfin pnrn an pmronhmhkfn jm `nstn >: jïns (fhkaufjn mh an tnrfin jma prejukte) y etrn jmsjm ma jïn >9 na ;<, qum kehsfstm mh uhn tnrfin njfkfehna per knjn jïn. Jm fguna oeje pumjm mamgfr qum sf ma/aes fhtmhtes f htmhtes jm mhtrmgn jma mhvïe rmsuatnh inaafjes sm jmvumavn na rmoftmhtm sfh pnsnr per afstn.
>99
Zmon ;
mjfterfna } kmp
[eanomhtm pnrn kafmhtms keh kehtrnte. Ma hôomre jm jïns vmhjrî jmifhfje mh ma prm rmgfstre jm aes mhvïes. \esfbams vnaerms prmifdnjes y uhe afbrm4 <, =, ><, 2<. \mrsehnafznje (Onx jm ;< jïns). [m prmstn pnrn kafmhtms jm \nq Zejny, \nq \rmofuo y \nq Mstîhjnr. [f ma YN (Ynaer jmkanrnje) vfmhm vnkïe ms qum he kehtrntnh mstm humve YN, y ma tfmope mh AF[ZN ms ma mstîhjnr4 >= jïns. Ma vnaer ‑<‟ he sm pejrî mamgfr mh ma prmrrmgfstre/njofsfûh pnrn an oejnafjnj jm mhtrmgn mh Eifkfhn. Mstm vnaer sfghfifkn qum he `ny pnsm n afstn, he sm nvfsn y sm jmvumavm jfrmktnomhtm sf he sm `n mhtrmgnje. Mh knse jm qum smnh Mxpmjfkfehms ouatfbuate tejes aes pnqumtms tmhjrîh ma ofsoe vnaer jm jïns mh afstn, sm fhieronrî mh ma prfomr buate y sm inkturnrn seae uh YN per mxpmjfkfûh. Mstn humvn knrnktmrïstfkn YN ‑tfmope mh afstn‟ knakuanrî an tnrfin jm an sfgufmhtm onhmrn4 - Znrfin? ifde + vnrfnbam hôomre jm jïns. - Îobfte4 Hnkfehna.
\. FHIE RONKFÛH JMYEA] KFEH M[ \nrn ebtmhmr fhieronkfûh sebrm ans knusns jm ans jmveaukfehms jm aes mhvïes, keh an ifhnafjnj jm nktunafznr y jmpurnr sus bnsms jm jntes, fjmhtfifknhje ma oetfve jm an jmveaukfûh y an zehn jm mhtrmgn. Yîafje pnrn \ubafkerrme Ûptfoe, \ubafkerrme \rmofuo y \ubafkerrme \aus. An fhieronkfûh ms suofhfstrnjn tmamoîtfknomhtm, mxfstfmhje jes tnrfins jfimrmhkfnjns per mhvïes, keh e sfh knusns jm an jmveaukfûh.
^. [MAMKKFÛH [MKZERM[ JF[ZRFB]K FÛH Yîafjes pnrn mhvïes jm \ubafbuzûh, jehjm ma kafmhtm rmqufmrm qum sm rmnafkm ma buzehme jm sus mhvïes mh uhn zehn e smkter urbnhe jmtmrofhnje, sfgufmhje uh krftmrfe gmegrîifke jmtmrofhnje. \er mdmopae4 buzehmnr sûae mh hôomres jmtmrofhnjes jm uhn knaam, sûae mh aeknams…
R. ZMO\ E Mhtrmgn jm aes mhvïes jm uhn rmomsn mh uhns imk`ns jmtmrofhnjns, mamgfjns per ma kafmhtm jmhtre jm mstns trms epkfehms4 - Mhvïes n mhtrmgnr ‑Nhtms jm…‟. - Mhvïes n mhtrmgnr ‑Jmspuæs jm….‟. - Mhvïes n mhtrmgnr mhtrm jes imk`ns. Zejes aes mhvïes jm uhn ofson rmomsn jmbmrîh aamvnr aes ofsoes vnaerms nþnjfjes y/e smrvfkfes njfkfehnams. \nrn pejmr prmstnr mstes smrvfkfes njfkfehnams y/e vnaerms nþnjfjes, ma kafmhtm jmbmrî prevmmr n Kerrmes jm an fhieronkfûh sebrm aes mhvïes qum smn hmkmsnrfn, mh ieronte mamktrûhfke, pnrn pejmr prmstnr jfk`e smrvfkfe keh knafjnj. An kansm jm fhieronkfûh y knrnktmrïstfkns jma ifk`mre qum jmbm preperkfehnr ma kafmhtm smrîh inkfaftnjns na kafmhtm per aes [mrvfkfes Keomrkfnams kerrmspehjfmhtms. Ynafje pnrn mhvïes \ubafkerrme Ûptfoe y \ubafkerrme \rmofuo, bnde kehtrnte. [m nbehn uhn knhtfjnj ifdn per mhvïe.
[. RMM OBEA [E Kerrmes rmnafzn an gmstfûh jm aes kebres n an mhtrmgn jm aes mhvïes na jmstfhntnrfe.
Ynaerms nþnjfjes y smrvfkfes njfkfehnams
>97
mjfterfna } kmp
HNKFEHNA \nq Zejny Knrtn Kmrtfifknjn\nq \rmofuo \nqumtm Nzua \nq Mstîhjnr Knhtfjnj oïhfon
FHZMRHNKFEHNA Knrtn kmrtfifknjn
\\FM
<,<> ₡
<,<> ₡
<,<> ₡
<,<> ₡
Knhtfjnj oîxfon
>.<<< ₡
2.:66,66 ₡ EFK keh kehtrnte >.<<< ₡ Mhtrmgn, jeofkfafe, Npnrtnje, Eifkfhn, EFK sfh kehtrnte.
[mgôh pnïs jm jmstfhe
[mgôh pnïs jm jmstfhe
Fjmhtfifknkfûh
Mtfqumtn FRF[.
Mtfqumtn FRF[.
O\>BF[ (afbrnhzn) y O\>BF[ (afbrnhzn) y KH26 (Mtfqumtn) KH26 (Mtfqumtn)
Z. MHZR MGN MPKA][ FY FYN N NA JM[ ZFHNZ ZFHNZNRFE NRFE V JFGF ZNAFTNKF ÛH Mstm tfpe jm mhvïe tfmhm vnrfes vnaerms nþnjfjes MMJ (mhtrmgn mxkausfvn na jmstfhntnrfe) + \MM (prumbn jm mhtrmgn mamktrûhfkn) + jfgftnafznkfûh jma jekuomhte jm fjmhtfjnj (JHF, pnsnpertm, HFM, ...). [eae pumjmh mhtrmgnrsm na jmstfhntnrfe. He njoftm nuterfznjes. [eae pumjmh fr jfrfgfjes n pmrsehns iïsfkns. He njoftm mhtrmgns n pmrsehns durïjfkns. An ifron sfmoprm tfmhm qum rmkegmrsm mh an Znbamtn. Mstm ms uh rmqufsfte ebafgnterfe, yn qum sf ma pumste he jfspehm jm tnbamtn, he sm prejukm an vmrfifknkfûh jma jekuomhte. Huhkn sm `n jm mhtrmgnr per an epkfûh jm MHZRMGN OÔAZF\AM, sfmoprm jm ieron fhjfvfjuna.
]. [MRYFKFE JM RMKE GFJN JM IFRO N[ Ma smrvfkfe bîsfke fhkauym aes sfgufmhtms smrvfkfes4 - Rmkmpkfûh jekuomhtnkfûh mamktrûhfkn. - Mhvïe jm monfas/sos pnrn fhieronr na usunrfe ifhna. - Mhtrmgn y Ifron mxkausfvn na jmstfhntnrfe. - Mhtrmgn smgurn y Ketmde jm an ifron jma kehtrnte. - Foprmsfûh jekuomhtnkfûh. - Jmveaukfûh jekuomhtnkfûh mamktrûhfkn. Ynaerms nþnjfjes4 - Msknhme keh Ynafjnkfûh. - Msknhme jm Jekuomhte.
>90
Zmon ;