STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI KH. AHMAD SYARIFUDDIN ABDUL GHANI DALAM PEMBINAAN AKHLAK PADA MASYARAKAT LINGKUNGAN PONDOK PESANTREN AL-HIDAYAH JAKARTA BARAT SKRIPSI Diajukan kepada Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi untuk memenuhi persyaratan memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Komunikasi Islam (S.Kom.I)
Oleh: Ahmad Mursyidi NIM: 107051002596
JURUSAN KOMUNIKASI DAN PENYIARAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ILMU DAKWAH DAN ILMU KOMUNIKASI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2011 M/1432 H
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STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI KH. AHMAD SYARIFUDDIN ABDUL GHANI DALAM PEMBINAAN AKHLAK PADA MASYARAKAT LINGKUNGAN PONDOK PESANTREN AL-HIDAYAH JAKARTA BARAT SKRIPSI Diajukan kepada Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Komunikasi Islam (S.Kom.I)
Oleh: Ahmad Mursyidi NIM: 107051002596
Dibawah Bimbingan
Dr. Hj Roudhonah, MA NIP. 195809101987032001
JURUSAN KOMUNIKASI DAN PENYIARAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ILMU DAKWAH DAN ILMU KOMUNIKASI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
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LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN
Skripsi yang berjudul “ Strategi Komunikasi KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin Abdul Ghani Dalam Pembinaan Akhlak Pada Masyarakat Lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah al- Hidayah Jakarta Barat” , telah diujikan dalam sidang munaqosyah Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta pada tanggal 10 Juni 2011. Skripsi ini telah diterima sebagai salah satu syarat untuk meraih gelar Sarjana Komunikasi Islam (S. Kom.I) pada jurusan Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam.
Jakarta, 10 Juni 2011
Panitia Sidang Munaqosyah Munaqosyah
Ketua Merangkap Anggota
Sekertaris Merangkap Anggota
Drs. Study Rizal, LK, MA NIP. 19640428 19640428 199303 1 002 002
Umi Musyarofah ,MA NIP. 19710816 19710816 199703 2 002
Penguji I.
Penguji II.
Drs. H. Mahmud Djalal, MA Nip. 19520422 198103 1 002 002
Drs. H. S. Hamdani, MA NIP. 19550309 19550309 199403 1 001
Pembimbing,
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ABSTRAK
Ahmad Mursyidi 107051002596 Strategi Komunikasi KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin Abdul Ghani Dalam Pembinaan Akhlak Pada Masyarakat Lingkungan Pondok Pesantren alHidayah Jakarta Barat
Pada zaman sekarang ini nilai-nilai akhlak yang sudah tertanam di dalam masyarakat sudah mulai menurun, untuk itu, KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin Abdul Ghani sebagai seorang pemimpin Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah dan sebagai kiai di lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah kampung Basmol mempunyai peranan penting untuk membentuk masyarakat yang berakhlak karimah. Selain itu juga untuk meyampaikan pesan-pesan agama kepada masyarakatnya yang meliputi aqidah, ibadah, syari’ah, syari’ah, dan akhlak, dalam aspek akhlak perlunya pembinaan akhlak yang baik bagi masyarakat, mas yarakat, oleh karena itu diperlukan adan ya strategi komunikasi KH. Syarifuddin Abdu Ghani dalam pembinaan akhlak pada masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah kampung Basmol agar tujuan tersebut tercapai. Bagaimana strategi komunikasi dan metode apa saja yang digunakan KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin dalam pembinaan akhlak? Bagaimana bentuk komunikasi KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin dalam pembinaan akhlak? Apa saja hambatan-hambatan komunikasi dalam pembinaan akhlak ? Strategi komunikasi yang digunakan KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin dalam pembinaan akhlak adalah; Mengenal komunikan, menentukan pesan, membujuk, mengontrol, mengantisipasi, merangkul dan strategi memberi kabar gembira dan peringatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah cerita, diskusi, tanya jawab, ceramah dan nasihat. Bentuk komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin lebih cenderung kepada komunikasi kelompok dan komunikasi antarpribadi. Faktor penghambatanya adalah pemanfaatan waktu, kondisi dari komunikan dan sikap orang tua yang apatis. Pada penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Peneliti Penelit i berusaha untuk menggambarkan secara jelas segala yang terjadi di lapangan dan kemudian dianalisa untuk mendapatkan hasil yang berdasarkan tujuan penelitian. Pendekatan kualitatif ini menitik beratkan pada data-data penelitian yang akan dihasilkan berupa kata-kata melalui pengamatan dan wawancara. Dari hasil penelitian di atas dapat disimpulkan, bahwa dengan menggunakan strategi komunikasi dan bentuk komunikasi, semua itu berhsil dilakukan oleh KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin dalam pembinaan akhlak pada masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah Kampung Basmol, dan hasil yang diperoleh cukup baik, hal ini dapat dilihat tanggapan dari masyarakat strategi komunikasi dan bentuk komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin
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KATA PENGANTAR
Tiada kata yang terindah yang pantas diucapkan selain ucapan Alhamdulillah Alhamdulillah.
Suatu ungkapan rasa syukur yang begitu tulus yang hanya
dipersembahkan kehadirat Allah SWT. Shalawat dan salam semoga selalu Allah limpahkan kepada pemimpin seluruh umat manusia hinggga akhir zaman, Baginda Nabi Muhammad SAW, beserta keluarganya, para sahabatnya, dan kepada para pengikutya yang setia menjalankan ajaran-ajarannya. Dalam proses penulisan skripsi ini dari awal hingga akhir, cukup banyak kesulitan yang penulis hadapi, baik yang menyangkut soal pendanaan, pengumpulan bahan bacaan, dan lain sebagainya. Namun berkat bantuan dari berbagai pihak, akhirnya penulisan skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang sedalam-dalamnya kepada semua pihak yang telah terlibat dan juga membantu penulisan skripsi ini, terutama penulis sampaikan kepada: 1.
Rektor Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Bapak Prof. Dr. Komaruddin Hidayat, MA.
2.
Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Bapak Dr. Arif Subhan, MA.
3.
Ketua Jurusan Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam, Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Bapak Drs. Jumroni M. Si.
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4.
Sekretaris Jurusan Komunikasi Penyiaran Islam Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Ibu Umi Musyarofah, MA.
5.
Pembimbing skripsi, Ibu Dr. Hj. Roudhonah, MA yang telah memberikan arahan, nasihat serta bimbingannya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan penuh motivasi. Semoga Allah memberikan kasih sayang kepadanya.
6.
Para dosen Jurusan Ilmu Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam di Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi yang telah memberikan sebagian ilmunya kepada penulis selama menjadi mahasiswa di Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Serta seluruh civitas akademika yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu.
7.
Seluruh petugas perpustakaan Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi, serta petugas perpustakaan utama UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta yang telah membantu penulis dalam penyediaan referensi dalam penulisan skripsi ini.
8.
KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin selaku pemimpin Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah dan tokoh agama masyarakat kampung Basmol, serta kepada para informan yang yang telah memberikan informasinya kepada penulis
9.
Ayahanda H. Ahmad Zawawi dan Ibunda Hj. Mimi Ilmiah yang telah memberikan didikan, pengajaran, nasihat, serta doanya yang tidak mungkin penulis balas jasa-jasanya, sehingga penulis dapat menempuh hidup ini dengan penuh semangat demi mencapai sebuah cita-cita semoga Allah SWT
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10. Kakak Bariroh dan Fawaz, dan adik-adiku Adila dan Maysur yang senantiasa mendo’k an, an, mendukung dan memberikan motifvasi kepada penulis. 11. Keluarga besar penulis yang telah memberikan doa’ doa ’nya serta motivasi kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 12. Kepda kawan-kawan seperjuangan KPI A, C, D khususnya KPI B angkatan 2007, Syarif Fadilah, Ahmad Khumaidi, Rifqi Ridho, Fatan Nur Hamidi, Ilham Berlian dan Wahyudi yang telah membantu dan memberikan masukanmasukan serta memberikan motivasi kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 13. My Lovely Ines Sukma Wati yang selalu setia menemani, mendo’akan ser ta ta selalu memberi motivasi kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini Penulis sangat menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan skripsi ini masih terdapat banyak kekuarangan dan kelemahan baik dari segi isi, metodologi, maupun analisanya. Oleh karen itu, saran dan kritik dari para pembaca akan disambut dengan senang hati demi tercapainya kesempurnaan skripsi ini. Akhirnya penulis penulis hanya bisa berharap karya karya tulis yang sangat sederhana ini dapat bermanfaat bagi penulis dan para pembaca dalam upaya memahami khazanah dalam ilmu komunikasi
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DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK………………………………………………………...………
i
KATA PENGANTAR……………………………………………………
ii
DAFTAR ISI……………………………………………...………………
v
DAFTAR TABEL………..………………………………………………
viii
BAB I PENDAHULAN
A. Latar Belakang Belakang Masalah………………………………………
1
B. Pem batasan dan Perunusan Masalah………...……………….. Masalah………...………………..
7
C. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian……………………..…………
7
D. Metodologi Penelitian….……………………………………... Penelitian….……………………………………...
8
E. Tinjauan Pustaka………………………..…………………… Pustaka………………………..…………………….. ..
12
F.
13
Sistematika Penulisan…………………………………………. Penulisan………………………………………….
BAB II II KAJIAN TEORITIS
A. Str ategi ategi Komunikasi…………………………………………..
15
1. Pengertian Startegi Komunikasi…….…………………….. Komunikasi…….……………………..
15
2. Tahapan-Tahapan Strategi Komunikasi..................... Komunikasi............................... ..........
16
B. Pengertian Komunikasi…………………….…………………
17
1. Definisi Komunikasi………………………………………. Komunikasi……………………………………….
17
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2. Masyarakat Dengan Kehidupan Beragama…………………
30
E. Pesantren……………………………………………………….
31
BAB III SEKILAS TENTANG TENTANG BIOGRAFI BIOGRAFI KH. AHMAD SYARIFUDDIN ABDUL GHANI DAN GAMBARAN UMUM KAMPUNG BASMOL
A. Biografi KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin Abdul Ghani ………………
33
1. Riwayat Hidup KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin Abdul Ghani……
33
2. Kiprah dan Aktifitas Dakwah KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin Abdul Ghani ………………………………………………. ……………………………………………… .
35
3. Karya KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin Abdul Ghani…………....... Ghani………… .......
39
B. Kampung Basmol…………………………………………….... Basmol……………………………………………....
39
1. Keadaan Penduduk…………………………………………
40
2. Keadaan Ekonomi, Agama dan Budaya……………………
41
3. Tingkat Pendidikan…………………………………………
44
4. Sarana Prasarana……………………………………………
44
C. Sekilas Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah………………………… al-Hidayah…………………………
45
BAB IV ANALISIS STRATEGI STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI KH. AHMAD SYARIFUDDIN ABDUL GHANI DALAM PEMBINAAN AKHLAK DI LINGKUNGAN PONDOK PESANTREN AL-HIDAYAH
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BAB V
PENUTUP
A. Kesimpulan……………………………………………………….. Kesimpulan………………………………………………………..
70
B. Saran…...………………………………………………………….
73
DAFTAR PUSTAKA……………………………………………………….
75
LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR TABEL
1.
TABEL 1: Tentang Jumlah Penduduk Masyarakat Kampung Basmol….
41
2.
TABEL 2: Tentang Pekerjaan Masyarakat Kampung Basmol………..….. 42
3.
TABEL 3: Tentang Agama Yang Dianut Masyarakat Kampung Kampung Basmol.. 43
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BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang Masalah
Pada zaman yang moderen ini nilai agama yang sudah tertanam dalam diri masyarakat mulai tergeser dengan adanya budaya-budaya asing yang dapat merusak tingkah laku moral bangsa, disana sini terdengar macam-macam kenakalan, perkelahian, penyalah-gunaan narkotika, kehilangan semangat untuk belajar, ketidak patuhan p atuhan terhadap t erhadap orang tua dan sebgainya, s ebgainya, tidak bisa dipungkiri lagi bahwa saat ini masyarakat makin lama sudah menurun akhlakul karimahnya. Dalam pergaulan pada saat ini sudah tidak memandang lagi akan nilai-nilai moral, karena pergaulan bebas dalam masyarakat.
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2
Artinya: “ Dan janganlah kamu membuat kerusakan kerusa kan di muka bumi, sesudah Allah memperbaikinya dan berdoalah kepada-Nya dengan rasa rasa takut dan penuh harapan Sesungguhnya rahmat Allah amat dekat kepada orangorang yang berbuat baik. ” Dalam ayat tersebut Allah menjelaskan, bahwa Allah akan selalu mencurahkan rahmatnya kepada hamba-Nya yang mempunyai akhlak dan budi pekerti yang baik, karena apabila seseorang tidak mempunyai akhlak yang tidak baik, maka akan dapat merusak diri sendiri dan lingkungan, bahkan dapat merusak moral bangsa ini, karena kelakuan dan perbuatan yang buruk yang sudah tidak memandang lagi nilai dan norma-norma dalam masyarakat. Dalam pembentukan akhlak setiap muslim, Allah SWT telah mengutus rasul-Nya untuk menyempurnakan akhlak manusia menjadi akhlak yang mulia. Sebagaimana hadist yang diriwayatkan oleh Imam Ahmad;
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3
Rasulullah SAW diutus oleh Allah untuk menyempurnakan akhlak, akhlak yang buruk menjadi akhlak yang baik, karena di dalam diri Rasulullah terdapat suri tauladan yang baik, yang pantas dan patut dicontoh oleh setiap umatnya. “Menurut analisis Imam al-Ghozali, dalam pembinaan akhlak terintegrasi dalam pelaksananan rukun Islam, hasil analisis Imam alGhozali terhadap rukun Islam yang lima telah menunujukan dengan jelas bahwa dalam rukun Islam terkandung konsep pembinaan akhlak. Rukun Islam yang pertama adalah syahadat, yaitu bersaksi bahwa tidak ada Tuhan selain Allah dan Nabi Muhammad utusan Allah. Kalimat itu mengandung pernyataan bahwa selama hidupnya manusia hanya tunduk kepada aturan dan tuntunan Allah. Selanjutnya rukun Islam yang ke dua adalah mengerjakan shalat lima waktu, shalat yang dikerjakan akan membawa pelakunya terhindar dari perbuatan keji dan mungkar. Selanjutnya, rukun Islam yang ketiga adalah zakat, karena zakat mengandung pendidikan akhlak yaitu agar orang dapat membersihkan hartanya dari hak orang lain. Lalu rukun Islam yang ke empat adalah puasa, karena puasa merupakan latihan menahan diri dari keinginan melakukan perbuatan keji yang dilarang oleh agama seperti mencuri, berjudi, berzina dan lain sebagainya. Selanjutnya rukun Islam yang kelima adalah ibadah haji, hubungan ibadah haji dalam pembinaan akhlak karena dalam pelaksanaan ibadah haji tidak boleh berkata kotor, berbuat fasik, dan berbantah-bantahan didalam masa mengerjakan haji” haji ” 2
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4
bentuk prilaku, yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia baik individu, keluarga, masyarakat dan negara. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari disadari atau pun tidak, komunikasi adalah bagian dari kehidupan manusia itu sendiri dalam berinteraksi sehari-hari. sehari-hari . Manusia sejak dilahirkan sudah berkomunikasi dengan lingkungannya, gerak dan tangis yang pertama saat dia dilahirkan adalah suatu tanda komunikasi. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari manusia pasti mengadakan hubungan interaksi dengan orang lain, serta dalam keseharian sengaja atau tidak disengaja manusia pasti melakukan komunikasi baik verbal maupun non verbal. Kehadiran seorang kiai di dalam lingkungan masyarakat sangat berperan dalam membentuk masyarakat yang bermoral dan berakhlakul karimah, karimah, ia bukan hanya sekedar menempatkan dirinya sebagai pengajar pengajar
dan pendidik santri-
santrinya, melainkan juga aktif memecahkan masalah-masalah krusial yang
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5
politik-religius menyebabkan kiai menempati posisi kelompok elit dalam struktur sosial dan politik di masyarakat” masyarakat ”.4 KH. Syarifudin Abdul Ghani selaku ketua yayasan Pondok Pesantren alHidayah, juga aktif di organisasi sebagai Ketua Komisi Fatwa MUI (Majlis ulama Indonesia) tingkat DKI Jakarta, “ beliau adalah sosok kiai yang sangat disegani juga sangat memperhatikan masyarakatnya yang berada di lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah.” al-Hidayah.”5 Dalam kesibukan beliau sehari-hari sebagai ketua yayasan al-Hidayah atau di dalam organisasi lain dan di beberapa majlis taklim di wilayah DKI Jakarta dan Tangerang, beliau masih menyempatkan waktunya untuk membina akhlak pada masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah, beliau mengajar dibeberapa majlis taklim di daerah lingkungan masyarakat Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah, banyak warga masyarakat yang mengikuti pengajian yang beliau bel iau pimpin, karena
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6
masyarakat itu tidak mengulangi perbuatan tersebut serta dapat mengetahui mana perbuatan yang baik dan mana mana perbuatan yang buruk. Komunikasi dan interaksi yang terjadi anatara kiai dan masyarakat ini diharapkan dapat memberikan efek yang positif dalam pembinaan akhlak terhadap masyarakat, lebih khusus masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah Basmol. Oleh karena itu dapat di lihat, betapa pentingnya seorang figur kiai bukan hanya membina akhlak dan budi pekerti kepada santrinya saja, akan tetapi lebihlebih kepada masyarkat sekitar yang berada di lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-
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7
B. Pembatasan dan Perumusan Masalah
Agar penelitian ini lebih fokus dan terarah, maka dalam penilitian ini penulis ingin membatasi masalah yang ingin diteliti mengenai strategi komunikasi dan bentuk komunikasi KH. Ahmad Syarifudin Abdul Ghani dalam pembinaan akhlak hanya pada di kampung Basmol Jakarta Barat.
Adapun perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut: 1. Bagaimana
strategi
komunikasi
yang
diterapkan
KH.
Ahmad
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8
2. Untuk mengetahui bentuk komunikasi yang diterapkan oleh KH. Ahmad Syarifudin dalam pembinaan Akhlak pada masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah di kampung Basmol. 3. Untuk mengetahui apa saja faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat strategi komunikasi dalam membina akhlak pada masyarakat di lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah di kampung Basmol.
Adapun manfaat penelitian ini adalah: 1. Manfaat Akademis
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prediksi” prediksi”6. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, “ pendekatan kualitatif bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang t entang suatu masyarakat atau suatu kelompok orang tertentu atau gambaran tentang suatu gejala atau hubungan antara dua gejala atau lebih” lebih ”.7 Peneliti berusaha untuk menggambarkan secara jelas segala yang terjadi di lapangan dan kemudian dianalisis untuk mendapatkan hasil yang berdasarkan tujuan penelitian. Pendekatan kualitatif ini menitik beratkan pada data-data penelitian yang akan dihasilkan berupa kata-kata melalui pengamatan dan
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a. Observasi
Observasi adalah “ pengamatan dan pencatatan yang sistematis terhadap gejala-gejala yang diteliti” diteliti”.8 Peneliti mengamati langsung objek yang akan diteliti. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengadakan pengamatan terhadap kegiatan dan bentuk komunikasi serta strategi komunikasi yang dilakukan KH. Syarifudin Abdul Ghani dalam pembinaan akhlak pada masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah Basmol.
b. Wawancara Mendalam
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Kampung Basmol Bapak Asmat Arsyad dan Warga mas yarakat Kampung Basmol yaitu, Bapak H. Turmudzi, Bapak Heri Jaya Subrata dan Muhammad Ibnu.
c. Dokumentasi
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Adapun teknik penulisan skripsi ini berpedoman pada buku pedoman penulisan skripsi yang diterbitkan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta CeQDA tahun 2007
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Berbeda dari skripsi di atas, penelitian yang penulis lakukan untuk menyusun skripsi ini adalah lebih cenderung mengarah kepada strategi komunikasi serta bentuk komunikasi
KH. Syarifudin Abdul Ghani dalam
pembinaan akhlak pada masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-hidayah
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keadaan ekonomi, sosial, budaya dan sekilas tentang Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah. BAB IV
Dalam bab ini menjelaskan tentang bagaimana strategi komunikasi KH. Ahmad Syarifudin Abdul Ghani dalam pembinaan akhlak
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BAB II KAJIAN TEORITIS A. Strategi Strategi Komunikasi
1. Pengertian Strategi Komunikasi
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51
Hal ini seseuai dengan pendapat salah satu jama’ah warga masyarakat kampung Basmol bernama Muhammad Ibnu; “Waktu saya ngaji kitab Shoheh Bukhori dengan ustadz Syarif, saya sering mendengarkan kisah-kisah atau cerita tentang Rasulullah SAW, Jadi ustadz Syarif menceritakan keteladanan tentang Rasulullah, seperti ketika Rasulullah sedang berjalan lalu bertemu dengan anak kecil, dan Rasul memberi salam kepada anak kecil tersebut, jadi dapat di artikan bahwa Rasulullah SAW sangat menyayangi anak kecil dan memang disunahkan oleh Rasulullah untuk memberi salam kepada sesama orang muslim walaupun itu dengan anak kecil sekalipun.” sekalipun. ”3
b. Metode diskusi Diskusi adalah “suatau proses yang melibatkan dua atau lebih individu yang berintegrasi secara verbal dan saling berhadapan muka mengenai tujuan atau sasaran
yang
sudah
tertentu
melalui
cara
tukar
menukar
informasi,
mempertahankan pendapat dan pemecahan masalah” masalah”.4 Metode diskusi ini dilakukan ketika dalam pengajian umum, lalu terdapat permasalahan fiqih yang hukumya belum jelas yang masih banyak perbedaan per bedaan dan perlu didiskusikan kepada ustadz atau jama’ah yang lain yang hadir dalam pengajian itu, tujuannya untuk memberikan solusi s olusi atau jalan tengah atas masalah tersebut.
Hal ini seperti yang dikatakan oleh KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin sebagai berikut; “Jadi.. yang dimasud dengan diskusi ini ketika ana (saya) sedang membahas suatu materi dalam kitab fiqih dan menemukan suatu hukum yang belum jelas hukumnya, yah,, maka didiskusikan dan dibicarakan kepada ustadz ustadz atau jama’ah yang hadir dalam pengajian itu, contohya
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52
kemarin dalam permasalahan tentang bab haji, kalau seseorang sedang ihram melanggar dengan pelanggaran yang sifatnya menghilangkan seperti memotong kuku karena lupa yah itu tetap k ena ena dam (denda). Nah… sekarang permasalahnya kalau pelanggaranya yang sifatnya memakai seperti memakai kopyah karena lupa apakah itu kena dam juga? Lalu setelah dibicarakan dan didiskusikan dengan ustadz atau jama’ah yang lain akhirnya menemukan jawaban dan kesepakatan bahwa hal tersebut tidak terkena dam, karena di jelaskan dalam kitab Hasyiyah al’Alamah al’Alamah Ibnu Hajar al-Haitami ala Syarhi Idhoh Fimanasikil Haji karya Imam Nawawi halaman 187, bahwa apabila seseorang sedang ihram lalu dia melanggar yang sifatnya itu memakai karena lupa maka tidak terkena dam. 5 Proses berlangsungnya komunikasi seperti ini adalah ”komunikasi ”komunikasi dua arah (two (two way traffic communication) communication) karena dilakukannya secara langsung, sehingga masalah cepat dapat di atasi dan dipecahkan bersama” bersama ”.6
c. Metode Tanya Jawab Metode ini dilakukan ketika dalam pengajian umum setelah menjelaskan materi kepada jama’ah (warga masyarakat kampung Basmol), kiai Syarifuddin memberikan pertanyaan pertanyaan kepada jama’ah (komunikan) tentang materi yang sudah dijelaskan, hal ini dilakukan untuk mengingat kembali materi-materi yang sudah disampaikan disampaikan dan dijelaskan kepada jama’ah. K iai iai Syarifuddin juga memberi kesempatan kepada jama’ah (warga masyarakat kampung Basmol) untuk menanyakan materi yang telah disampaikan atas kekurang-pahaman kekurang-pahama n jama’ah, jama’ah, atau mengenai masalah tentang hukum fiqih dan masalah akhlak, ataupun hanya sekedar meminta contoh dari materi penjelasan yang telah disampikan oleh kiai Syarifuddin, hal ini dilakukan untuk membantu warga masyarakat kampung
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53
Basmol ( jama’ah) jama’ah) mengerti dalam materi yang telah disampaikan pada proses pengajian berlangsung.
Hal ini sesuai dengan penuturan salah satu jama’ah warga masyarakat Kampung Basmol bernama Muhammad Ibnu; “Jadi.. “Jadi.. ketika saya sedang mengaji dengan ustadz Syarif, setelah selesai pengjian bisasanya beliau memberikan kesempatan kepada jama’ah untuk bertanya suatu hal yang biasanya berkaitan dengan akhlak dan hukum. Ketika itu saya bertanya kepada ustadz Syarifuddin tentang akhlak yaitu; Apakah kita seorang muslim harus tetap bersikap sopan kepada orang yang non muslim, lalu ustadz Syarif menjawab, ya, kita harus bersikap sopan meskipun kepada orang yang non muslim, karena Islam mengajarkan kita untuk bersikap sopan kepada siapa saja” 7
d. Metode Ceramah Ceramah adalah “cara penyajian atau penyampaian informasi melalui penerangan, dan d an penuturan secara lisan oleh guru terhadap siswanya” siswanya”8. Ceramah juga disebut sebuah cara pengajaran yang dilakukan oleh kiai yang sifatnya monolog dan hubungannya hubungannya satu arah. ar ah. Metode ini dilakukan oleh kiai Syarifuddin dalam menyampaikan materi kepada jama’ahnya (masyarakat kampung Basmol) dengan cara menerangkan dan menguraikan materi yang bersumber dari al-Qur`an, Hadist, ataupun buku-buku agama. Dalam penyampain tersebut, kiai melakukan pengulangan materi, hal ini dilakukan agar materi atau pesan yang disampaikan kiai dapat lebih di pahami dan diterima oleh warga masyarakat masyarakat kampung Basmol. Metode ini digunakan digunakan sebagai komunikasi lisan antara kiai dengan masyarakat kampung Basmol dalam proses
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54
belajar mengajar yaitu dalam pengajian umum. Meskipun metode ini lebih banyak menuntut keaktifan komunikator (kiai) dari pada komunikan (jama’ah), (jama’ah), metode ini merupakan cara mengajar yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan keterangan atau informasi tentang persoalan serta masalah secara lisan. Ceramah merupakan metode komunikasi yang paling ekonomis untuk menyampaikan informasi, karena dapat mengatasi kekurang-pahaman jama’ah masyarakat kampung Basmol (komunikan) dalam membaca, jadi jama’ah masyarakat kampung Basmol hanya mendengarkan pesan dari kiai (komunikator) agar mempermudah jama’ah mempermudah jama’ah dalam menerima dan memahami pesan atau materi yang disampaikan oleh kiai. Selain itu, metode ceramah merupakan satu metode komunikasi yang efektif, karena pesan yang disampaikan kiai lebih cepat dan serentak diterima oleh jama’ah masyarakat kampung Basmol .
e. Metode Nasihat. Metode ini dilakukan “ketika ada warga masyarakat linkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah kmpung Basmol melakukan tindak kejahatan atau perbuatan yang menyimpang, maka tindakan kiai Syarifuddin untuk menasihatinya atau bahkan dengan menghukumnya, bentuk hukuman atau ganjaran ini merupakan bentuk perhatian kiai Syarifuddin langsung” langsung”9. Hal ini telah dijelaskan dalam alQur`an surah ali-Imron ayat 104
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55
Artinya “Dan hendaklah ada di antara kamu segolongan umat yang menyeru kepada kebajikan, menyuruh kepada yang ma'ruf dan mencegah dari yang munkar. merekalah orangorang-orang orang yang beruntung.”
Dalam ayat tersebut, terdapat kata ma’ruf maksudnya adalah menyuruh kepada segala perbuatan yang mendekatkan diri kepada Allah SWT, dan terdapat kata munkar maksudnya adalah mencegah dan melarang dari segala perbuatan yang menajuhkan diri dari Allah SWT.
4. Strategi Membujuk Strategi membujuk ini bisa disebut juga dengan komunikasi persuasif. Menurut salah satu pakar komunikasi Bettinghous, mendefinisikan komunikasi persuasif adalah “komunikasi manusia yang dirancang untuk mempengaruhi orang lain dengan usaha mengubah keyakinan, nilai, atau sikap mereka. (komunikan)” (komunikan)”10 Tujuan pokok dari strategi ini adalah untuk mempengaruhi pikran, perasaan, dan tingkah laku seseorang dan kelompok, yaitu warga masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah kampung Basmol, lalu kemudian melakukan tindakan atau perbuatan sebagaimana yang dikehendaki komunikator (kiai). Dalam strategi ini, bukan sekedar untuk membujuk atau merayu saja, tetapi, merupakan suatu teknik mempengaruhi dengan menggunakan data dan fakta psikologis dan sosiologis dari komunikan, oleh karena itu bagi kiai (persuader)
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56
harus memiliki kemampuan untuk dapat memperkirakan keadaan khalayak yang dihadapi. Strategi ini dilakukan untuk mengajak dan membujuk kepada warga masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah kampung Basmol untuk menghadiri pengajian-pengajian rutin agar terciptanya pembentukan akhlak yang baik, atau melakukan kegiatan-kegiatan yang positif, agar terhindar dari perbuatan-perbuatan yang dapat merusak diri sendiri dan lingkungan. Dalam strategi ini, agar warga masyarakat kampung Basmol merasa terdorong hatinya dan meluangkan waktunya untuk mengikuti pengajian pengajian rutin yang dilaksanakan di majlis-majlis taklim dan masjid, atau ikut serta dalam PHBI (Perayan Hari Besar Islam), hal ini dilakukan karena banyak warga masyarakat masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah kampung Basmol sibuk dengan urusan mereka masing-masing.
5. Strategi Mengontrol Yang dimaksud dengan strategi mengontrol, yaitu kiai Syarifuddin mengontrol untuk melihat-lihat dan memperhatikan warga masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah kampung Basmol, jika ada warga yang
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6. Startegi Antisipasi Maksud strategi antsipasi ini adalah memenuhi keinginan warga masyarakat kampung Basmol, agar apa yang warga inginkan terpenuhi, seperti memberi izin atau memperbolehkan ketika ada warga masyarakat kampung Basmol yang ingin mengadakan lomba-lomba seperti kompetisi catur, futsal, sepak bola dan lain sebagainya, asalkan itu tidak melanggar ketentuan dari nilainilai agama Islam, hal ini dilakukan untuk menghindari terjadinya pembrontakan terhadap diri masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah kampung Basmol.
Hal ini sesuai dengan penuturan KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin sebagai berilut; “Yah… strategi ini maksudnya maks udnya untuk menghindari pembrontakan yang terjadi pada masyarakat, jadi kalau warga masyarakat kampung Basmol ketika ingin mengadakan suatu acara atau event, biasanya mereka meminta izin atau meminta pendapat dahulu dengan ana (saya), yah.. jadi saya melihat apakah acara atau event tersebut mempunyai mempunyai mudhorot mudhorot atau tidak 11 pada masyarakat kampung Basmol”
7. Strategi Merangkul Startegi ini adalah suatu suatu upaya upaya untuk memberikan
kepercayaan dan
motivasi terhadap warga masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah
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qori, dan itu bisa dikembangkan dengan mengikuti lomba-lomba dalam tingkat daerah sampai dengan tingkat nasional. Dalam startegi ini juga kiai Syarifuddin berupaya untuk mengajak masyarakat kampung Basmol untuk mengadakan acara peringatan hari besar Islam, seperti Isra’ mi’raj, maulid Nabi Muhammad SAW, dan tahun baru hijriyah, hal ini dilakukan untuk mengingat kembali perjuangan dan sejarah Islam pada masa lalu, sehingga masyarakat kampung Basmol dapat mengmbil hikmah dari perayaan hari besar Islam tersebut. Hal ini sesuai dengan penuturan KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin sebagi berikut; “Dalam strategi ini selain ana (saya) megajak kepada warga masyarakat kampung Basmol untuk meningkatkan bakat dan kemampuan yang mereka miliki dalam hal yang positif, saya juga selalu mengajak atau merangkul kepada warga masyarakat kampung Basmol dalam tiap tahunya untuk merayakan peringatan hari besar Islam seperti Isra’ Mi’raj, maulid Nabi, dan tahun baru hijriyah, dari pada mereka merayakan seperti tahun baru masehi yang sifatnya hura-hura tanpa ada tujuan. 12
8. Strategi memberi kabar gembira dan memberi peringatan Maksud strategi ini adalah untuk mengimig-ngimingi seseorang apabila dia berbuat baik akan akan mendapat mendapat pahala dan balasannya balasannya adalah surga
dan
menakut-nakuti seseorang ketika dia berbuat maksiat akan mendapatkan laknat
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59
seorang mukmin yang berjihad dijalan Allah, lalu dia meninggal dunia maka dia meninggal dalam keadaan mati syahid dan akan masuk surga tanpa hisab.
Dalam strategi ini telah dijelaskan dalam al-Qur`an surat al-Ahdzab ayat 45;
Artinya; “Hai Nabi, Sesungguhnya kami mengutusmu untuk jadi saksi, dan pembawa kabar gemgira gemgira dan pemberi peringatan,”
Dalam ayat tersebut terdapat kata “ Basyiran” Basyiran” yang artinya adalah pemabawa kabar gembira, maksudnya adalah; Allah telah berjanji akan memberi m emberi balasan kebaikan kepada orang-orang yang berbuat baik, yaitu akan memperoleh pahala dan dimasukan kedalam surga, sedangkan kata “ Nadziran” yang Nadziran” yang artinya adalah pemberi peringatan, yaitu menakut-nakuti bagi orang yang berbuat kejahatan, Allah SWT mengancam keapada umatnya, apabila seseorang berbuat kejahatan maka akan mendapatkan dosa dan dimasukan kedalam api neraka.
B. Bentuk Komunikasi KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin Abdul Ghani Dalam
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kampung Basmol dapat berkonsultasi dengan kiai Syarifuddin dan membicarakan masalah mereka seperti
membicarakan masalah akademis ataupun masalah
pribadi. Dalam hal ini seorang kiai sangat berperan penting untuk memberikan solusi atau arahan kepada warga masyarakatnya. Dalam proses komunikasi antarpribadi, komunikan dapat memberi timbal balik secara langsung kepada komunikator. Karena timbal balik memegang peranan penting dalam komunikasi ini. Sebab ini menentukan berlanjutnya sebuah komunikasi atau berhentinya komunikasi yang dilancarkan oleh seorang komunikator. Dalam komunikasi ini dikarenakan situasinya tatap muka, maka tanggapan komunikan dapat segera diketahui secara langsung. Pentingnya
dalam
komunikasi
antarpribadi,
karena
prosesnya
memungkinkan berlangsung secara dialogis. Komunikasi yang berlangsung seca ra dialogis biasanya lebih baik dari pada secara monolog. Monolog menunjukan suatu komunikasi komunikasi di mana mana seorang bicara, yang lain mendengarkan, jadi tidak dapat berinteraksi. Yang aktif hanya komunikator saja, sedangkan komunikan bersikap pasif. Dalam Komunikasi antarpribadi antara kiai (komunikator) dengan
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sesuatu yang berkenaan dengan keislaman dirinya atau masalah pribadi lainnya kepada kiai Syarifuddin. Dalam komunikasi antarpibadi ini, kiai berupaya mempengaruhi dan mengendalikan prilaku warga melalui pendekatan psikologis, ada saatnya warga masyarakat kampung Basmol berkonsultasi secara langsung kepada kiai mengenai masalah-masalah hukum yang ia belum mengerti, atau ketika warga masyarakat merasa kesulitan dalam menjalani kehidupan karena terbebani masalah, terutama masalah pergaulan anak-anak mereka. Komunikasi antarpribadi ini dugunakan untuk pembinaan akhlak warga masyarakat atau memasukan nilai-nilai keislaman dalam diri warga masyarakat kampung Basmol. Dalam penagajian di majlis taklim, kiai menggunakan komunikasi antarpribadi dengan cara tatap muka ( face to face Communication) Communication) yang lebih bersifat dialogis, serta efek dan umpan balik secara langsung. Dalam
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1) Konsultasi Masalah Pribadi Warga masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah kampung Basmol yang sedang memilki masalah pribadi, baik itu masalah keluarga, masalah tentang pengetauhuan atau masalah lainnya, biasanya mereka berkonsultasi dengan kiai Syarifuddin, salah satu warga Basmol bernama Turmudzi “ketika ada masalah dalam keluarganya dia meminta solusi atau pendapat dan nasihat kepada kiai Syarifuddin tentang masalahnya, lalu kiai menerima Turmudzi dan mendengarkan dengan seksama kemudian memberikan beberapa solusi dan dorongan motivasi agar mampu menghadapi kesulitannya. Kiai Syarifuddin juga memberikan nasihat dan rasa simpati agar Turmudzi mampu menghadapi semua masalah-masalah, karena masalah itu adalah sebagai ujian yang harus dihadapi setiap manusia” manusia”.13
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yang baru lahir, dengan harapan akan membawa keberkahan bagi bayinya agar dewasa nanti menjadi orang yang solehah, dan berguna bagi agama dan bangsa ”.14
2. Komunikasi Kelompok Komunikasi kelompok ( group communication) communication) adalah “komunikasi yang berlangsung antara seorang komunikator dengan sekelompok orang yang jumlahnya lebih dari dua orang” orang ”.15 Yaitu warga masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah kampung Basmol yang jumlahnya banyak. Dalam proses belajar mengajar, yaitu dalam pengajian umum bisanya menggunakan bentuk komunikasi kelompok kecil ( small ( small group), group), dalam komunikasi
ini
berlangsung
dua
arah
antara
kiai
(komunikator)
yang
menyampaikan materi pembelajaran dan warga masyarakat kampung Basmol (komunikan), dalam hal ini menerima dan memahami apa yang disampaikan oleh
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Dalam situasi kelompok kecil, kiai sebagai seorang komunikator lebih dapat memperhatikan umpan balik ( feed back ) jama’ah jama’ah warga masyarakat kampung Basmol, Basmol, pada saat kiai melihat bahwa bahwa umpan balik balik yang terjadi pada jama’ah bersifat negatif , maka respon ini dapat segera diketahui, karena yang sifatnya yang tatap muka ( face fo face). face). Umpan balik yang diperlukan oleh kiai adalah bersifat verbal, karena komunikasinya ditujukan kepada kognisi jama’ah. Jadi, permasalahannya mengerti atau tidak semuanya ia harus dikatakan dengan kata-kata. Meskipun dalam pengajian antara kiai dengan de ngan jama’ah (warga jama’ah (warga masyarakat kampung Basmol) termasuk bentuk komunikasi kelompok kecil, kiai bisa mengubahnya dengan menggunakan komunikasi antarpribadi, yaitu kiai menjadi komunikator dan jama’ah menjadi komunikan. Dalam hal ini , setelah kiai Syarifuddin menyampaikan materinya kepada jama’ah masyarakat kampung kampung
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lebih nyaman dan lebih konsentrasi dalam memahami pesan-pesan dakwah secara kontinu. Bentuk komunikasi tersebut berjalan dengan efektif, indikasi ini dilhat pada proses penyampaian hal tersebut terjadi t erjadi ketika sesorang kiai menyampaikan sebuah materi, sebelum penyampaian materi dengan merencanakan pesan terlebih dahulu, yang akan disampaikan ke pada ke pada jama’ah, dengan pesan-pesan pesan-pesan yang terencena, maka menimbulkan suatu komunikasi yang baik dan mudah dimengerti oleh seorang jama’ah. Karena k omunikasi omunikasi dapat dikatakan efektif jika seorang kiai dan jama’ah menemukan perkataan
oleh
Onong
pengertian yang yang sama. Hal ini sesuai dengan
Uchjana
Effendy
bahwa
komunikasi
adalah
“ pemberiatahuan atau pertukaran pikiran yang berarti sama atau kesamaan arti” arti”.16 Proses pembinaan akhlak yang dilakukan oleh KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin terhadap warga masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah kampung
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memahami dan meagamalkanya sesuai dengan ajaran Islam dan menggunakannya sebagai pedoman hidup, fungsinya yaitu untuk menumbuhkan kebiasaan baik dalam berhubungan dengan Allah SWT, serta sesama manusia dan terhadap diri sendiri. Kemudian membiasakan warga masyarakat kampung Basmol untuk melaksanakan hal-hal yang baik. Seperti membiasakan menolong sesama manusia dalam kebaikan. Apabila masyarakat lingkungan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidyah kampung Basmol dibiasakan dan diajarkan sifat-sifat yang baik maka ia akan tumbuh
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akhlak
maupun
pembinaan
melalui
peranan
seorang
kiai
dihadapan
masyarakatnya (komunikan), selain itu juga kiai Syarifuddin mempunyai sumber daya tarik dalam penyampaian pesan moral dengan tutur bahasa yang tidak menyulitkan komunikan, sehingga masyarakat (komunikan) dapat mudah menerima pesan yang disampaikan oleh kiai Syarifuddin.
b. Masyarakat Warga masyarakat (komunikan) berperan sebagai penerima pesan dari kiai (komunikator). Warga masyarakat dapat menerima keadaan kiai Syarifuddin
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2. Faktor Penghambat Dalam pembinaan akhlak yang dilakukan oleh KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin Abdul Ghani tentu saja tidak semuanya dapat berjalan lancar, ada beberapa faktor yang menghambat proses dalam pembinaan akhlak yaitu;
a. Waktu Salah satu faktor penghambat dalam upaya pembinaan akhlak masyarakat kampung Basmol adalah kurangannya pemanfaatan waktu. Kesibukan kiai Syarifddin yang banyak menghaibskan waktunya diluar rumah, seperti sibuk
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menyamapikan masalah pada kiai, mereka masih merasa segan. Oleh karen itu, hal ini menjadi penghambat kiai Syarifuddin sebagai komunikator dalam menyampaikan materi atau pesan moral kepada waraga masyarakat lingkugan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah sebagai komunikan.
c. Orang Tua Peran orang tua sangat menentukan prilaku anaknya ketika dia sejak kecil. Sikap orang tua yang apatis (acuh tak acuh) terhadap pergaulan anak-anak mereka, dalam hal ini orang tua bersikap apatis (kurang tegas) untuk
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BAB V PENUTUP
A.
Kesimpulan
Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan mengenai “Strategi Komunikasi KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin
Dalam Pembinaan Akhlak Pada Pada Masyarakat Lingkungan
Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah ” maka penulis dapat mengambil kesimpulan
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untuk memberikan kepercayaan dan motivasi terhadap warga masyarakat kampung Basmol atas bakat serta kemampuan yang dimilikinya. Ketujuh strategi memberi kabar gembira dan meberi peringatan, strategi ini adalah untuk mengimig-ngimingi seseorang apabila dia berbuat baik akan mendapat
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Onong Uchjana Effendy bahwa komunikasi adalah pemberiatahuan atau pertukaran pikiran yang berarti sama atau kesamaan arti. Selain komunikasi kelompok KH. Ahmad Syarifuddin juga menggunakan bentuk komunikasi antarpribadi. Komunikasi ini lebih sering digunakan pada saat diluar
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kurangnya pemanfaatan waktu dalam melakukan komunikasi dan interaksi antara kiai dengan masyarakat. Kedua Kedua kondisi, yaitu keadaan yang tejadi dalam diri komunikan yang masih merasa segan atau takut terhadap kiai. yaitu per
yang bersikap apatis terhadap
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3.
Hendaknya warga masyarakat lingkuangan Pondok Pesantren al-Hidayah kampung Basmol lebih bisa meluangkan waktunya untuk bisa mengikuti pengajian-pengajian rutin dalam pembinaan akhlak. Hendaknya orang tua lebih memperhatikan pergaulan anak-anaknya dan
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Arbi, Armawati, Dakwah Armawati, Dakwah dan Komunikasi. Jakarta Komunikasi. Jakarta : UIN Jakarta Press, 2003 Cangara, Hafidz, Pengantar Ilmu Komunikasi. Komunikasi. Jakarta: Raja Grafndo Persada, 1998
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