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Mspmeigiedei`oms ^éeoieds nm ‛E@ODIG"UMNIFDU emrtigiedei`o‒ pdrd iostdkdn`rms nm fds / Bdtmrids e`buoms tip`s D+ L y E/ Giehd 8: Q\]MLDU NM \MUIU^MOEID Y MU^DOT]MINDN Qdrtm 4+ Iostdkdei`oms rmempt`rds ionivinudkms e`o B@Q≮ 1+> ldr 

\mvisiõo 11 @etulrm <118 Qäfiod 4 nm =

4/ Nmgioieiõo nmk pr`emnibimot` Q rumld prmvid prmvid pdrd kd motrmfd nm kds iostdkdei`oms ios tdkdei`oms rmempt`rds ionivinudkms ionivinudkms nm fds subioistrdnds e`o uod prmsiõo bäxibd nm `pmrdeiõo (B@Q) iogmri`r ` ifudk d 1+> ldr/ K`s iostdkdn`rms nm edtmf`râd E sõk` pumnmo rmdkizdr mstds prumlds mo iostdkdei`oms nm us` n`béstie` situdnds mo mk iotmri`r nm vivimonds/ K`s iostdkdn`rms nm edtmf`râd L o` mstäo dut`rizdn`s pdrd rmdkizdr kds prumlds nm de`bmtinds iotmri`rms motmrrdnds oi trdb`s motmrrdn`s qum niseurrdo p`r mk mxtmri`r nm k`s mnigiei`s/


5/ Útikms y hmrrdbimotds " Bdoõbmtr` nm rdof` 1 d 4 ldr+ ekdsm 4+ niäbmtr` 411 bb (Gif/ 4) ` uo bdoõbmtr` mkmetrõoie` ` nifitdk ` bdo`tmrbõfrdg` (Gif/ <) nmk bisb` rdof` y edrdetmrâstieds/ " Bdoõbmtr` nm e`kubod nm dfud mo g`rbd nm ] e`o msedkd ´4/111 bb (Gif/ 5) " Gkuin` nmtmet`r (dfud jdl`o`sd) " B`rndzds B`rndzds (Qie` (Q ie` K`r`) (Gif/ (G if/ >) " Nmst`roikkdn`r (Gif/ =) " Kkdvm iofkmsd (Gif/ 7) " Dndptdn`rms pdrd kds nigmrmotms t`bds nm prmsiõo (Gif/ 6)

Gif/ 4 Gif/ < Qrmpdrdn`: M/ Dklmrt` Hmroäonmz Bdrtâo Bdrtâo \msp`osdlkm Edkindn

\mvisdn`:  Dod  Do d Bdrâd Fdreâd Fdr eâd Fds eõ Nirmet`r nm emrtigiedeiõo

 Dp  Dpr`l r`ldn`:  Dod  Do d Bdrâd Fdreâd Fdr eâd Fdseõ Fds eõ Umermtdrid Umermtdrid E`osmj` nm Dnbiois trdeiõo

Girbd y gmehd: gmehd: <118/41/47

Girbd y gmehd: <118/41/<1

Girbd y Gmehd: <118/41/<>

Gif/ >

Gif/ =

Gif/ 5

Gif/ 7 Gif/ 6

>/ ^éeoieds `pmrdtivds Ednd trdb` nm kd iostdkdeiõo rmempt`rd nmlm pr`ldrsm d kd prmsiõo nm prumld e`rrmsp`onimotm e`rrmsp`onimotm d su B@Q B@Q (vmr tdlkd tdlkd 4)/

>/4/ ^rdb`s e`o B@Q ≮ 1+4 ldr  Iostdkdei`oms rmempt`rds ionivinudkms 4/ E`bpr`ldr `bpr`ldr qum kd kkdvm nm usudri` y kds kkdvms nm dpdrdt dpdrdt` ` mstäo emrrdnds+ emrrdnds+ qum sm hdo e`k`edn` k`s pumotms+ tdp`oms y dndptdn`rms pdrd t`bds nm prmsiõo qum gumrdo omemsdri`s y qum kds kkdvms iotmrbmnids+ si kds hulimrm+ mstäo dlimrtds/
\mv 11 Gieh d 8"pdrtm 4

Qäfiod < nm =

>/ Bdoi`lrdr kds kkdvms iotmrb iotmrbmnids pdrd e`bpr`ldr e`bpr`ldr su mstdoqumindn e`o rmkdeiõo dk mxtmri`r tdot` mo dlimrt` e`b` mo emrrdn`/ =/ ^rdoseurrin` ^rdoseurrin` mk timbp` timbp` nm prumld prumld ioniedn` ioniedn` mo kd tdlkd tdlkd 4+ si o` sm dprmeid edând edâ nd bdo`bétried+ do`bétried+ kd prumld prumld sm s m e`osinmrdrä e`osinmrdrä e`rrmetd/ 7/ U i sm dprmeid edând edând bdo`b bdo`bétried étried sm k`edkizdräo k`edkizdräo kds gufds (e`o dfud dfud jdl`o`sd) jdl`o`sd) y sm mkibiodräo/ mkibiodräo/ Q `stmri`rbmot `stmri`rbmotm m sm sm rmpmtirä kd prumld nm mstdo ms tdoqumindn/ qumindn/ 6/ E `bpr`ldr `bpr`ldr kd mstdoquindn mstdoquindn nm kds uoi`oms nm k`s e`otdn`rms e`otdn`rms d kd prmsiõo nm `pmrdeiõo bmnidotm uo sistmbd nmtmet`r nm fds uod vmz iostdkdn`s/

>/ ldr  Iostdkdei`oms rmempt`rds ionivinudkms 4/ Nmsb Nmsb`otdr `otdr mk rmfukdn`r rmfukdn`r nm usudri` (Gif/ (G if/ 8) y e`k`edr k`s pumotms+ pumotms+ tdp`oms y dndptdn`rms pdrd t`bds nm prmsiõo qum gumrdo omemsdri`s (Gif/ 9)/

Gif/ 8

Gif/ 9


Gif/ 41

\mv 11 Gieh d 8"pdrtm 4

Qäfiod 5 nm =

>/ E`k`edr `k`edr uo bdoõbmt bdoõbmtr` r` nm rdof` nm 1 d 4 ldr ` uo bdoõbmt bdoõbmtr` r` mkmetrõoie` nifitdk/ Iotr`nueir dirm ` fds iomrtm hdstd e`osmfuir kd prmsiõo nm prumld e`rrmsp`onimotm e`rrmsp`onimotm smfúo smfúo kd tdlkd 4/ =/ M spmrdr spmrdr uo timbp` timbp` prunmoeidk pdrd qum mstdlikiem mstdlikiem kd tmbpmrdturd tmbpmrdturd d pdrtir nmk nmk eudk e`bmozdrä mk timbp` nm prumld/ 7/ Bdoi`lrdr kds kkdvms nm iotmrbmnids iotmrbmnids pdrd e`bpr`l e`bpr`ldr dr su mstdo ms tdoqumindn qumindn e`o rmkdeiõo dk mxtmri`r+ tdot` mo dlimrt` e`b` mo emrrdn`/ 6/ ^rdoseurrin` ^rdoseurrin` mk timbp timbp` ` nm prumld prumld ioniedn` mo kd tdlkd tdlkd 4+ si o` sm dprmeid edând edâ nd bdo`bétried+ do`bétried+ kd prumld prumld sm s m e`osinmrdrä e`osinmrdrä e`rrmetd/ 8/ E`k`edrä mk rmfukdn`r nm usudri` y e`bpr`ldr e`bpr`ldr kd mstdoquindn mstdoquindn nm kds uoi`oms e`o dfud jdl`o`sd/ 9/ U i sm dprmeid edând edând bdo`b bdo`bétried étried sm k`edkizdräo k`edkizdräo kds gufds (e`o dfud dfud jdl`o`sd) jdl`o`sd) y sm mkibiodräo+ p`stmri`rbmotm sm rmpmtirä kd prumld nm mstdoqumindn/

Q\MUIÕO BÄXIBD NM @QM\DEIÕO @QM\DEIÕO " B@Q (ldr)

Q\MUIÕO NM Q\]MLD (ldr)

^IMBQ@ NM Q\]MLD (biout`s)

1+4 ; B@Q ≮ <

? 4+6= X B@Q

51

B@Q ≮ 1+4

? <+=1 X B@Q

4=*

 ^dlkd  ^dlkd 4 * Mk timbp` nm prumld pumnm smr nm 41 bio si kd k`ofitun nmk trdb` d pr`ldr ms iogmri`r d 41 b/

=/" Wmrigiedeiõo nm kd edkindn nmk pr`ems` Mk iostdkdn`r vmrigiedrä: 4/" Tum k`s mkmbmot`s nm prumld mstäo edkilrdn`s/ /" Tum sm dkedozd y sm bdotimom kd prmsiõo nm prumld nmotr` nm k`s bärfmoms ioniedn`s mo kd tdlkd 4

\mv 11 Gieh d 8"pdrtm 4

Qäfiod > nm =

\MKDEIÕO NM NMGME^@U E\Â^IE@U MO KD MJME]EIÕO NMK Q\@EMNIBIMO^@ Eõnif` nmk nmgmet`

Ekdsigiedeiõo nm kd O@ E@OG@\BINDN

18"44

Nmgmet` E râtie`

18"4<

Nmgmet` E râtie`

18"45

Nmgmet` E râtie`

18"4>

Nmgmet` E râtie`

18"4=

Nmgmet` E râtie`

\mv 11 Gieh d 8"pdrtm 4

Eritmri` nm O@ E@OG@\BINDN O` e`bpr`ldr kd edând bdo`bétried trdoseurrin` mk timbp` nm prumld Umkmeeiõo ioe`rrmetd nm kd prmsiõo y` timbp` nm prumld ]tikizdr uo gkuin` nm prumld nigmrmotm dk mspmeigiedn` mo mk pr`emnibimot` U mkmeeiõo ioe`rrmetd ioe`rrmetd nmk bdoõbmtr doõbmtr` ` d utikizdr utikizdr pdrd rmdkizdr kd prumld O` bdoi`lrdr kds kkdvms iotmrbmnids pdrd vmrigiedr su mstdoqumindn mo dblds p`siei`oms (dlimrtd y emrrdnd)

Qäfiod = nm =