* KESIMPULAN *
Kloroplas merupakan organel sel tumbuhan yang mengandung pigmen berwarna hijau disebut klorofil.
Kloroplas memiliki fungsi utama untuk proses fotosintesis, yakni proses pembentukan energi berupa ATP dan NADPH oleh energi cahaya yang diserap oleh klorofil.
Organ kloroplas yang berperan penting dalam proses fotosintesis, yaitu Tilakoid (reaksi terang) dan Stroma (reaksi gelap).
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Daftar pustaka
Biologi-sel.com /2012/06/struktur-sel-dan-fungsi-sel-prokariotik.html
Campbell, A.N dan Reece, J.B (2002) Biologi. Benjamin Cummings
Teori Endosimbiosis Kloroplas
Lynn Margulis, seorang ahli mikrobiologi kenamaan, adalah yang pertama mencetuskan hipotesis endosimbiosis untuk menjelaskan asal-usul mitokondria.
Pada dasarnya, teori endosimbiosis menyatakan bahwa organel-organel utama eukariota, yaitu mitokondria dan kloroplas, berasal dari simbion-simbion bakteri yang telah mengalami spesialisasi melalui koevolusi dengan sel.inangnya
STRUKTUR
KLOROPLAS
Dapat dilihat dengan mikroskop cahaya dengan perbesaran yang paling kuat.
Kloroplas umumnya berbentuk lensa dengan garis tengah 2-6 milimikron, sedangkan tebalnya 0,5-1,0 milimikron.
Pada tumbuhan tingkat tinggi,bentuknya lonjong.
Sedangkan pada tumbuhan tingkat rendah, bentuknya dapat bervariasi.
Kloroplas merupakan organel sel bermembran yang hanya ditemukan pada sel tumbuhan.
Kloroplas adalah plastida berwarna hijau yang mengandung pigmen hijau disebut klorofil.
Berbentuk lensa atau butir, pipih
APA ITU KLOROPLAS ?
Kloroplas terdiri atas dua bagian besar, yaitu :
Bagian amplop, yang terdiri dari membran luar, membran dalam, dan ruang antar membran.
Bagian dalam, yang terdiri dari tilakoid, stroma, granum, DNA plastida, ribosom, plastiglobula, dan pati
Struktur Kloroplas
Struktur kloroplas
1. membran luar
2. ruang antar membran
3. membran dalam (1+2+3: bagian amplop)
4. stroma
5. lumen tilakoid (inside of thylakoid)
6. membran tilakoid
7. granum (kumpulan tilakoid)
8. tilakoid (lamella)
9. pati
10. ribosom
11. DNA plastida
12. plastoglobula
FUNGSI
KLOROPLAS
7. DNA Plastida
DNA plastida merupakan gen pembawa sifat pada plastida yang berfungsi untuk repliksi kloroplas atau pembelahan sel kloroplas.
8. Ribosom
Untuk sintesis protein.
9. Plastoglobula
Plastoglobula merupakan senyawa kimiawi yang terkandung di dalam kloroplas, senyawa ini merupakan lipid berbentuk globul.
10. Pati
Hasil fotosintesis yang disimpan dalam bentuk amilum (pati).
4. Tilakoid
Membran dalam kloroplas yang melipat ke arah dalam dan berbentuk lembaran-lembaran. Tilakoid sebagai tempat reaksi terang. Di dalam tilakoid terdapat kuantosom yang mengandung klorofil yang berperan menangkap energi cahaya matahari.
5. Stroma
Membran dalam yang membungkus cairan kloroplas, berfungsi sebagai tempat berlangsungnya reaksi gelap.
6. Granum
Kumpulan tilakoid yang bertumpuk-tumpuk seperti tumpukan uang logam.
1. Membran Luar
Permukaannya rata dan berfungsi mengatur ke luar masuknya zat.
2. Ruang Antarmembran
Ruangan yang memisahkan antara membran luar dan membran dalam, tebalnya kira-kira 10 nm.
3. Membran Dalam
Barier/penghalang antara sitosol dan stroma.
KLOROPLAS
DISUSUN OLEH :
DIONISIUS LEGIONIS NANDA ANGELUS(141434022)
MARYO STEVAN ENSE(141434064)
MARIA GORETTI WIDNYA AYUSATHULA PURNADUKA RAPAR (141434048)
ANDY SAPUTRA(141434038)
Fungsi utama kloroplas adalah sebagai tempat fotosintesis.
Fotosintesis merupakan reaksi pembentukan ATP dan melibatkan transpor hidrogen dan elektron dalam senyawa-senyawa seperti NADH dan sitokrom.
Fotosintesis ini untuk mengubah karbon dioksida menjadi gula, yakni sumber energi kimia dan makanan bagi tumbuhan.
Kloroplas mengandung pigmen fotosintesis yang mampu melangsungkan proses fotosintesis.
Kloroplas ditemukan dalam sel mesofil, yaitu jaringan yang terdapat dalam daun.
Organisme yang memiliki kloroplas digolongkan sebagai organisme autotrof.
Fotosintesis menggunakan cahaya sebagai sumber energi dan bukan substrat kimia, fotosintesis menggunakan CO2 dan air, menghasilkan oksigen dan karbohidrat.
Reaksi fotosintesis dirangkum sebagai berikut:
6CO2 + 12H2O + energi cahaya –> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
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