PEMBUATAN PROGRAM APLIKASI IZIN PEGAWAI BERBASIS JARINGAN DALAM LINGKUNGAN INTRANET (Studi Kasus di PT.Indonesia Power UBP Kamojang Sub Unit PLTP Darajat)

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`aebioukie partieyiie saniri jiebsueb kapifi pc`pceie* pabiwic f ie stil kapabiwicie fc XV%Cefgeasci Xgwar QDX Ki`goieb ^ud Qect XJVX Firioit% d% Gdsarvisc Xaeujcs `aebi`itc saniri jiebsueb dibic`iei satcip prgsafur fie prgsas kabcitie parczceie pabiwic fc XV%Cefgeasci Xgwar QDX Ki`goieb ^ d Qect XJVX Firioit% n% ^tufc kapustikiie Xaeujcs `a`pajioirc patueouk itiupue ralaraesc darupi duku* fg ku`ae itiupue lgr`ujcr yieb darkictie faebie paeajctcie yieb fcjikukie% 9%<%4% @atgfa Ieijcscs fi e Xarieniebie ^csta` @atgfa ieijcscs fie parieniebie scsta` yieb fcbueikie ifijim `atgfa ^ysta` Favajgp`aet Jcla

ynja -^FJN#% @atgfa cec `arupikie sijim situ `gfaj

yieb `aebbi`dirkie sckjus mcfup paeba`diebie pariebkit jueik `a ebckutc pgji jcebkirie% Cec fcjikukie dartimip firc iwij si`pic ka timip darc kuteyi% Darckut bi`dir firc pa`g ajie ^ysta` Favajgp`aet Jcla Nynja -^FJN# ?

Bi`dir 9%9% @atgfa ^ysta` Favajgp`aet Jcla Nynja* -Kaefij , Kaefij* 488<#

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Darckut fc diwim cec timipietimipie yieb fcjikukie fiji` firc `atgfa pa`gfajie ^ysta` Favajgp`aet Jcla Nynja -^FJN# ? 9%<%4%9% @aebcfaetclckisc `isijim* pajuieb fie tuouie% Xifi timip cec prgsas paeba`diebie fciwijc faebie `aebcfaetclckisc `isijim* pajuieb fie tuouietuouie yieb cebce fcnipic% 9%<%4%4% @aeaetukie syiritsyirit celgr`isc% Xifi timip cec* paeujcs `ajcditkie mijmij yieb `aeoifc syiritsyirit celgr`isc uetuk piri pa`ikic yieb tarjcdit% Fcietiri pariebkitpariebkit yieb fcparbueikie uetuk `aeatipkie syiritsyirit celgr`isc fcietirieyi ifijim `aeaetukie si`paj* `a`arcksi fiti `aetim* wiwieniri* `aebi`itc prcjiku pa`duit kaputusie fie jcebkuebie cestiesc% 9%<%4%>% @aebieijscs kadutumie scsta` celgr` isc% Xariebkit fie takecktakeck tartaetu ikie `a`dietu paeujcs fiji` `aeaetukie kadutumie% Xariebkit yieb fc`iksuf fipit darupi paebbueiie fcibri` ijcrie fiti uetuk `aeyusue filtir ceput* prgsas* fie gutput fiji` daetuk brilck tarstruktur%

9%<%4%6% @arienieb ^csta` Sieb Fcra kg`aefisckie Fiji` timip cec* paeujcs `aebbueikie celgr`isccelgr`isc yieb tarku`puj sadaju`eyi uetuk `aenipic fasice scsta` celgr`isc yieb jgbck% Xaeujcs `arienieb prgsafur fiti aetry safa`ckcie rupi samcebbi fiti yieb fc`isukkie ka fiji` scsta` celgr`isc daeirdaeir ikurit% ^ajice ctu* paeujcs `aebbueikie takecktakeck daetuk fie paeba`diebie jiyir tartaetu uetuk `aeoi`ce kaalaktclie ceput scsta` celgr`isc% 9%<%4%1% @aeba`diebkie Fie @aefgku`aetisckie Xariebkit Jueik Fiji` timip cec* paebieijcscs dakaroisi`i faebie pa`rgbri` uetuk `aeba`diebkie suitu pariebkit jueik iwij yieb fcparjukie% ^aji`i timip

cec

paeujcs

oubi

dakaroisi`i

faebie

pa`ikic

uetuk

`aeba`diebkie fgku`aetisc pariebkit jueik yieb alaktcl% 9%<%4%<% @aebuoc fie @a`partimiekie ^csta` ^adaju` scsta` celgr`isc fipit fcbueikie* `iki mirus fcjikukie paebuocie tarjadcm fuju% Ikie dcsi `aebma`it dciyi ipidcji fipit

2

`aeiebkip ifieyi `isijim sadaju` scsta` tarsadut fctatipkie% Tiebkicie paebuocie cec parti`iti`i fcoijiekie darsi`isi`i faebie fiti ngetgm sarti faebie fiti ikurit firc scsta` yieb tajim ifi% 9%<%4%2% @aebc`pja`aetisckie Fie @aebavijuisc ^csta` Fc timip tarikmcr firc paeba`diebie scsta`* paeujcs `a`dietu uetuk `aebc`pja`aetisckie scsta` celgr`isc% Vimip cec `ajcditkie pajitcmie dibc pa`ikic uetuk `aebaefijckie scsta`% ^adibcie pajitcmie tarsadut fcjikukie gjam vaefgr% ^ajice ctu* paeujcs parju `araenieikie kgevarsc parjimie firc scsta` ji`i ka scsta` diru%

9%2%

Kariebki Xa`ckcrie

@ajikukie ieijcscs scsta` `arupikie jiebkim iwij fir c parieniebie scsta`* fc`iei miscj ieijcscs eietceyi `aeaetukie scsta` celgr`isc yieb ikie fcrienieb% Qetuk jadcm oajiseyi `iki ikie fcbi`dirkie kariebki pa`ckcrie fiji` parieniebie scsta` tarsadut%

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Bi`dir 9%4%Ljgwnmirt Kariebki Xa`ckcrie

3

9%2%9% ^csta` par`gmgeie nutc fie scsta` par`gmgeie tukir fceis yieb safieb daroijie

Xifi prgsas par`gmgeie czce nutc yieb daroijie sakirieb* prgsas fc`ujic firc pabiwic yieb `aebioukie nutc yieb fc katck saniri `ieuij% ^urit paebiouie nutc tarsadut* satajim fctiefitiebiec gjam yieb pa`gmge nutc* jiju fcdiwi ka suparvcsgr * jiju ka ^uparvcsgr ^aecgr fie @ieioar uetuk fcsatuouc% ^atajim fcsatuouc* surit par`gmgeie nutc tarsadut fcsarimkie ka Dibcie Kapabiwicie uetuk fc`isukie ka Fiti Disa% ^afiebkie pifi prgsas paebiouie tukir fceis yieb daroijie sakirieb* prgsas fc`ujic firc 4 grieb pabiwic yieb dardafi rabu smclt `aebioukie par`gmgeie tukir fceis yieb fc katck saniri `ieuij% ^urit par`gmgeie tarsadut* satajim fctiefitiebiec gjam kafui grieb pabiwic yieb ikie `ajikukie tukir fceis tarsadut jiju fcsarimkie ka itisie `isceb`isceb pabiwic% ^atajim `aefipit parsatuouie firc itisie `isceb`isceb* jiju `a`ceti parsatuouie suparvcsgr saecgr gparisc% ^atajim `aefipit parsatuouie* darkis yieb tajim fctiefitiebiec tarsadut fc diwi ka dibcie kapabiwicie uetuk fc`isukie ka Fiti Disa fie fcparbueikie uetuk jipgrie idsaesc% Fiji` mij yieb `aebioukie

par`gmgeie nutc itiu tukir fceis ifijim satcebkit suparvcsgr ka itis* `iki paoidit yieb darwaeieb `aegjik itiu `aeyatuouc ifijim itisieeyi dartcebkit si`pic ka tcebkit `ieioar% Qetuk `ajcmit jadcm oajis taetieb kafui scsta` cec* fipit fcjcmit pifi bi`dir 9%>* bi`dir 9%6* fie bi`dir 9%1%

98

Bi`dir 9%% Ljgw`ip Xrgsas Xaebiouie Nutc yieb safieb Daroijie

99

Bi`dir 9%6%Ljgw`ip Xrgsas Xaebiouie Nutc yieb safieb Dar oijie -jieoutie#

94

Bi`dir 9%1%^csta` Xaebiouie Vukir Fceis yieb safieb Daroijie

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9%2%4%

Ieijcscs scsta` yieb daroijie

Xifi scsta` par`gmgeie nutc fie tukir fceis yieb safieb daroijie* fipit fcta`ukie kaja`imie firc kafui scsta` tarsadut* fcietirieyi ? i% Xrgsas parsatuouie nutc itiu tukir fceis firc ^uparvcsgr* ^uparvcsgr ^aecgr* fie @ieioar `a`arjukie wiktu yieb ji`i% d% ^urit par`gmgeie czce nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic sarceb tarji`dit si`pic ka Dibcie Kapabiwicie% n% Xabiwic pa`gmge nutc itiu tukir fceis* dcsi sioi ditij uetuk tcfik `isuk karoi kiraei prgsas parsatuouie itisie yieb tarji`dit% Faebie ifieyi scsta` parcz ceie pabiwic dardiscs oircebie* fcmiripkie fipit `a`pardickc kaja`imiekaja`imie tarsadut* samcebbi prgsas parczceie pabiwic `aeoifc jadcm alaktcl fie alcscae%

96 9% 2% >%

Xa ri enie bi e sc st a` yi eb ik e fcdiebue i

Bi`dir 9%< %Ljgw`ip ^csta` yieb ikie fcdiebue

91

Bi dir 9%2%Ljgw`ip ^csta` yieb ikie fcdiebue -jieoutie#

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Xifi prgsas paebiouie czce nutc yieb yieb ikie fcdiebue* pabiwic `aebcsc ipjckisc par`gmgeie nutc pifi kg`putar fc ruiebieeyi% Ifipue uetuk prgsas parsatuouie firc suparvcsgr* ^uparvcsgr ^aecgr* ^uparvcsgr ^aecgr Q`u` fie @ieioar fcjik ukie pifi kg`putareyi `isceb`isceb% 9%=%

^csta`itcki Xaeujcsie

Ibir jipgrie tubis ikmcr cec fipit fcpimi`c faebie dick gjam pa`dini fie fipit `a`darckie bi`dirie saniri u`u` taetieb csc firc jipgrie tubis ikmcr cec* `iki firc pifi ctu paeujcs `a`duit scsta`itcki paeujcsie sadibic darckut? DID C

XAEFIMQJQIE

Darcsc jitir dajikieb* cfaetclckisc `isijim* ditisie `isijim* tuouie paeajctcie* `ieliit paeajctcie* `atgfa paeajctcie* kariebki pa`ckcrie fie scsta`itcki paeujcsie% DID CC JIEFI^IE VAGTC

Darcsc tagrc firc dardibic su`dar yieb fcbueikie sadibic ralaraesc kabcitie ieijcscs uetuk `aeyajasickie par`isijimie firc stufc kisus yieb fcpcjcm% ^arti `a`uit kgesapkgesap fisir yieb `aeoifc bucfjceas samcebbi iktcvctis ieijcscs sasuic faebie iturieiturie yieb diku% DID CCC IEIJC^C^ ^C^VA@

Xifi did cec* darcsc tceoiuie u`u` grbiecsisc yieb `ajcputc vcsc* `csc* tuouie fie saoirim scebkit firc ta`pit paeajctcie% Xifi did cec oubi darcsckie miscj ieijcscs scsta` yieb safieb daroijie* dasarti kadutumie fie luebsceyi% DID C\ XATIENIEBIE ^C^VA@

Xifi did cec* darcsc parieniebie prgbri` ipjckisc czce pabiwic dardiscs oircebie fiji` jcebkuebie cetrieat%

92

DID \ KA^C@XQJIE FIE ^ ITIE

Darcsc kasc`pujie yieb fipit fctirck firc pa`dimisie fie `arupikie miscj firc paeyajasicie par`isijimie sarti siriesirie firc paeujcs yieb darkictie faebie kabcitie parieniebie scsta`% FILVIT XQ^VIKI

Darcsc ku`pujie ralaraesc sarti ruoukie yieb fcpikic fiji` `aeyusue jipgrie tubis ikmcr% JI@XCTIE  JI@XCTIE

DID CC JIEFI^IE VAGTC

4%9%

Kgesap Fisir ^csta` Celgr`isc

@aeurut Mirtgeg -4881#* suitu scsta` ifijim suitu oircebie karoi firc prgsafurprgsafur yieb sijceb darmud uebie* darku`puj darsi`isi`i uetuk `ajikukie suitu kabcitie itiu uetuk `aeyajasickie suitu sisirie yieb tartaetu% Falcecsc ^csta` fcitis jadcm `aeakiekie pifi prgsafureyi% ^afiebkie falcecsc scsta` yieb jadcm `aeakiekie pifi aja`ae itiu kg`pgeaekg`pgeae paeyusueieyi fcfalcecsckie sadibic darckut? ‚^csta` ifijim ku`pujie firc aja`ae aja`ae yieb sijceb darcetariksc uetuk `aenipic suitu tuouie tartaetu‐* -Mirtgeg* 4881#% Falcecsc scsta` firc ki`us Radstar–s Qeidrcfbaf jadcm `aefakitc faebie

kaparjuie* yictu? ‚^csta` ifijim aja`aeaja`ae yieb sijceb darmuduebie `a`daetuk situ kasituie itiu grbiecsisc‐* -I`syim* 4881#%

Firc dadaripi falcecsc scsta` fcitis fipit fcsc`pujkie dimwi scsta` ifijim ku`pujie aja`aeaja`ae yieb darcetariksc fie sijceb darmuduebie uetuk `ajikukie suitu kabcitie itiu uetuk `aeyajasickie suitu sisirie fie uetuk `aenipic suitu tuouie tartaetu% Qetuk tuouie pa`ikicie scsta` fiji` scsta` celgr`isc `ieioa`ae* `gfuj scsta` pifi bi`dir darckut ifijim ngetgm yieb oajis `aebaeic muduebie firc aja`aeaja`ae yieb saniri darsi`isi`i `a`daetuk situ kasituie yieb fcsadut faebie scsta`% @gfuj scsta` fcbi`dirkie sadibic darckut?

Bi`dir 4%9% @gfuj ^csta`* -I`syim*4881#%





@gfuj scsta` tarfcrc firc 6 aja`ae sudscsta`* yictu? i% @isukie% d% Xaebgjimie% n% Kajuirie% f% Q`pie Dijck'Kgetrgj% ^afiebkie celgr`isc fcfalcecsckie sadibic darckut ? ‚Celgr`isc ifijim fiti yieb sufim fcgjim* fcdaetuk* itiu fc`iecpujisc sasuic faebie kaparjuie tartaetu‐* -I`syim* 4881#%

^csta` celgr`isc fcfalcecsckie sadibic darckut? ‚^csta` Celgr`isc ifijim suitu scsta` fcfiji` suitu grbiecsisc yieb `a`parta`ukie kadutumie paebgjimie triesiksc mircie* `aefukueb gparisc* darsclit `ieioarcij fie kabcitie stritabc firc suitu grbiecsisc fie `aeyafcikie pcmik juir tartaetu faebie jipgriejipgrie yieb fcparjukie‐ * -Mirtgeg* 4881#%

^csta` celgr`isc `arupikie suitu scsta` yieb sijceb dirkictie fie darcetabrisc situ si`i jice fie dartuouie uetuk `aeyafcikie celgr`isc uetuk `aefukueb gparisc* `ieioa`ae fie luebsc paebi`dcjie kaputusie fiji` suitu grbiecsisc% 4%9%9% Kadutumie Ikie Celgr`isc ^atcip pakaroiie itiu kabcitie `a`arjukie fiti fie celgr`isc* sadijckeyi faebie ifieyi pakaroiie itiu kabcitie ikie `aebmiscjkie fiti fie celgr`isc diru% Qetuk kaparjuie pakaroiie dick yieb darsclit if`cecstritcl itiupue `ieioarcij fiti fcgjim tarjadcm fimuju `aeoifc celgr`isc% Xaebgjimie tarsadut fcsasuickie faebie kadutumie pakaroiie itiu `ieioa`ae `isceb`isceb% Niri paebgjimie oubi parju fcsasuickie faebie kaparjuie ikie celgr`isc yieb fcmiscjkie% @uebkce sioi paebgjimie fcjikukie saniri `ieuij -tiebie#* `asce `ieuij* `asce ajaktrgeck* itiu ajaktrgeck -kg`putar#% Xaebgjimie -prgnassceb# ifijim suitu prgsas `aebudim fiti `aeoifc celgr`isc faebie niri

yieb fcpcjcm sasuic faebie kaparjuie paebbueiie firc celgr`isc yieb fcmiscjkie tarsadut%



4%9%4% ^ckjus Celgr`isc

Fiti `arupikie daetuk yieb `iscm `aetim yieb daju` fipit darnarcti dieyik* samcebbi parju fcgjim jadcm jieout% Fiti fcgjim `ajijuc suitu `gfaj uetuk `aebmiscjkie celgr`isc% Fiti yieb fcgjim uetuk `aebmiscjkie celgr`isc `aebbueikie suitu `gfaj prgsas yieb tartaetu% `csijeyi fiti ta`paritur ruiebie yieb fcfipit ifijim fiji` situie farioif limraemact fie fiti cec `iscm fiji` daetuk yieb kurieb darirtc dibc paearc`ieyi yieb tardcisi faebie situie farioif najncus% supiyi fipit jadcm darirtc fie darbuei fiji` daetuk celgr`isc* `iki parju fcgjim faebie `ajijuc suitu `gfaj tartaetu% fiji` mij cec fcparbueikie `gfaj `ita`itck yieb darupi ru`us kgevarsc firc situie farioif limraemact `aeoifc situie farioif najncus% Fiti yieb fcgjim `ajijuc suitu `gfaj `aeoifc suitu celgr`isc* paearc`i ka`ufcie `aearc`i celgr`isc tarsadut* `a`duit suitu kaputusie fie `ajikukie tcefikie* yieb darirtc `aebmiscjkie suitu tcefikie yieb jice yieb ikie `a`duit saou`jim fiti ka`dijc% Fiti tarsadut ikie fctiebkip sadibic ceput* fcprgsas ka`dijc jawit suitu `gfaj fie sataruseyi `a`daetuk suitu sckjus% ^ckjus cec gjam Ogme Durnm fcsadut faebie sckjus celgr`isc - celgr`itcge nynja#%

Bi`dir 4%4% ^ckjus Celgr`isc* -Mirtgeg* 4881#% 4%4%

Ieijcscs fie Xaeba`diebie -Fasice# ^csta`

Ieijcscs fie paeba`diebie scsta` fipit fcfalcecsckie sadibic darckut? ‚Ieijcscs fie paeba`diebie scsta` yictu `aebieijcscs ceput fiti itiu ijcrie fiti saniri scsta`itcs* `a`prgsas itiu `aetrieslgr`isckie fiti*



`aeyc`pie fiti fie `aebmiscjkie gutput celgr`isc fiji` kgetaks dcsecs kmusus‐*- Kaefijj* 488<#%

^ajieouteyi*

ieijcscs

fie

parieniebie

scsta`

fcbueikie

uetuk

`aebieijcscs* `arienieb* fie `aebc`pja`aetisckie paecebkit iepaecebkitie luebsc dcsecs yieb dcsi fcnipic `ajijuc paebbueiie scsta` celgr`isc tarkg`putarcsisc% 4%4%9% Ieijcscs ^csta` Ieijcscs scsta` fipit fcfalcecsckie sadibic darckut? Ieijcscs ^csta` ifijim paeburicie firc suitu scsta` celgr`isc yieb utum ka fiji` dibciedibcie kg`pgeaeeyi faebie `iksuf uetuk `aebcfaetclckisc fie `aebavijuisc par`isijimiepar`isijimie* kasa`ptiekasa`pitie* mi`ditiemi`ditie yieb taroifc fie kadutumie kadutumie yieb fcmiripkie samcebbi fipit fcusujkie pardickie pardickieeyi*‐- Mirtgeg* 4881#% ‚

Fcfiji` timip ieijcscs scsta` tarfipit jiebkimjiebkim fisir yieb mirus fcjikukie gjam ieijcs scsta` sadibic darckut* -Mirtgeg* 4881#? i% Cfaetcly* yictu `aebcfaetclckisc `isijim% d% Qefarstief* yictu `a`imi`c karoi firc scsta` yieb ifi% n% Ieijyza* yictu `aebieijcscs scsta`% f% Tapgrt* yictu `a`duit jipgrie miscj ieijcscs% Qetuk `isceb`isceb jiebkim cec* dadaripi tubis parju fcjiku kie gjam ieijcs scsta`% ^upiyi jadcm `ufim uetuk `ajikukie kggrfceisc fie paebiwisie* kggrfceitgr tc` ieijcs fipit `a`duit situ kartis karoi yieb `a`uit tubistubis yieb mirus fckaroikie uetuk `isceb`isceb jiebkim ieijcs scsta` cec% 4%4%4% Xaeba`diebie -Fasice# ^csta`

Falcecsc fasice scsta` @aeurut Tgdart O% \arzajjg'Ogme Tautar CCC yictu? ‚Vimip satajim ieijcscs firc sckjus paeba`diebie scsta` pafalcecscie

firc kadutumie „ kadutumie luebscgeij fie parscipie uetuk rienieb diebue c`pja`aetisc;`aebbi`dirkie dibic`iei suitu scsta` fcdaetuk‐%



Ifipue `aeurut Ogme Durnm , Bruefectskc? ‚Fasice scsta` fipit fcfalcecsckie sadibic paebbi`dirie* paraenieiie

fie pa`duitie skatsi itiu paebiturie firc dadaripi aja`ae yieb tarpcsim ka fiji` situ kasituie yieb utum fie darluebsc‐%

@aeurut Bagrba @ ^ngtt? ‚Fasice scsta` `aeaetukie dibic`iei suitu scsta` ikie `aeyajasickie ipi yieb `astc fcsajasickie* timip cec `aeyiebkut `aebkgelcburisc firc kg`pgeaekg`pgeae pariebkit jueik fie pariebkit karis firc suitu scsta` samcebbi satajim cestijisc firc ssta` ikie daeirdaeir `a`uiskie rienieb diebue yieb tajim fctatipkie pifi ikmcr timip ieijcscs scsta`‐* -Mirtgeg* 4881#%

Firc falcecscfalcecsc fasice scsta` fcitis fipit fcsc`pujkie dimwi fasice scsta` ifijim* -Mirtgeg* 4881#? i% Vimip satajim ieijcscs firc sckjus paeba`diebie scsta`% d% Xaefalcecscsie firc kadutumiekadutumie luebscgeij% n% Xarscipie uetuk rienieb diebue c`pja`aetisc% f% @aebbi`dirkie dibic`iei suitu scsta` fcdaetuk% a% Sieb fipit darupi paebbi`dirie* paraenieiie fie pa` duitie skatsi itiu paebiturie firc dadaripi aja`a` yieb tarpcsim ka fiji` situ kasituie yieb utum fie darluebsc% l% Var`isuk `aeyiebkut `aebkgelcburisc firc kg`pgeaekg`pgeae pariebkit jueik fie pariebkit karis firc suitu scsta`% Fasice ^csta` `a`cjckc fui `iksuf fie tuouie uti`i* -Mirtgeg* 4881#? 9% Qetuk `a`aeumc kadutumie kapifi pa`ikic scsta` 4% Qetuk `a`darckie bi`dirie yieb oajis fie rieniebie yieb jaebkip kapifi pa`rgbri` kg`putar fie imjc„imjc takeck jiceeyi yieb tarjcdit% Ibir tuouie tarsadut fipit fcnipic* `iki sagrieb ieijcs scsta` mirus `aenipic sisirie„sisirie sadibic darckut ? i% Fasice scsta` mirus darbuei* `ufim fcpimi`c fie eietceyi `ufim fcbueikie%

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d% Fasice scsta` mirus fi pit `aefukueb tuouie uti`i parusimiie sasuic faebie yieb tajim fcfalcecsckie pifi timip paraenieiie scsta` yieb fcjieoutkie pifi timip ieijcscs scsta`% n% Fasice scsta` mirus a cscae fie alaktcl uetuk fipit `aefukueb paebgjimie triesiksc* pajipgrie `ieioa`ae fie `aefukueb kaputusie yie

ikie

fcjikukie gjam `ieio `ae* tar`isuk tubistubis yieb jiceeyi yie

tcfik

fcjikukie gjam kg`putar% f% Fasice scsta` mirus fi pit `a`parscipkie rienieb diebue yieb tarcen c uetuk `isceb „ `isceb kg pgeae firc scsta` celgr`isc yieb `ajcputc f ti fie celgr`isc* sc`pieie

iti* `atgfa`atgfa* prgsafurprgsafur* griebgrieb*

pariebkit karis* parie kit jueik fie paebaefijcie cetare% 4%4%>% ^ckjus Mcfup Xae a`diebie ^csta`

^ckjus mcfup paeba`diebie scsta` -^MX^# ifijim paefakitie `ajijuc dadaripi timip uetuk `aebieijcscs fie `arienieb scsta` yieb fc`iei scsta` tarsadut tajim fcka`diebkie faebie siebit dick `ajijuc paebbueiie sckjus kabcitie paebieijcscs fie a`ikic saniri spasclck% Fiji` paeba`diebie scsta` tarfcrc firc safaratie kabcitie yie

fipit

fckajg`pgkie `aeoifc dadaripi timipie* yieb `a`dietu fiji` paeba` diebie scsta`% @atgfa yieb fcbueikie uetuk paeba`diebie scsta` ifijim `atgfa ^ysta` Favajgp`aet Jcla ynja -^FJN# yieb `a`pueyic dadaripi timipie* yieb

fcbi`dirkie sadibic darckut?

Bi`dir 4%>% Vuoum Vimip ^ckjus Mcfup Xaeba`diebie ^csta`* -Kaefijj* 488<#%

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Darfisirkie bi`dir fcitis fipit fckatimuc dimwi timipietimipie yieb fcjikukie pifi `atgfa ^FJN ifijim sadibic darckut ? 4%4%>%9% @aebcfaetclckisc @isijim* Xajuieb* fie Vuouie

Fc timip parti`i cec* paebieijcscs `aebcefaetclckisc `isijim* pajuieb* fie tuouietuouie yieb maefik fcnipic% Vimip cec siebit paetceb* kiraei tcfik sagriebpue yieb cebce `a`duieb wiktu kijiu tuouie `isijim yieb kajcru% Vimip parti`i cec darirtc dimwi paebieijcscs `ajcmit faebie ouour pifi ipi yieb taroifc fcfiji` dcsecs% Ka`ufcie* `aeaetukie faebie tapit `isijim `isijim tarsadut% Xajuieb ifijim sctuisc fc`iei paebieijcscs yikce dimwi paecebkitie

dcsi

fcjikukie

`ajijuc

paebbueiie

scsta`

celgr`isc

tarkg`putarcsisc% @aebcfaetclckisc tuouie yieb oubi `aeoifc kg`pgeae tarpaetceb fctimip parti`i cec% Xarti`i* paebieijcscs mirus `aea`ukie ipi yieb safieb fcjikukie fiji` dcsecs% Dirujim ka`ufcie paebieijcscs ikie dcsi `ajcmit dadaripi ispak fiji` ipjckiscipjckisc scsta` celgr`isc uetuk `a`dietu dcsecs supiyi `aenipic tuouietuouieeyi faebie `aeyadut prgdja` itiu pajuiebpajuieb tartaetu% Griebgrieb yieb tarjcdit fiji` timip cec fcietirieyi ifijim pa`ikic* paebieijcscs fie `ieioa`ae scsta` yieb dartubis sadibic kggrfceitgr% Iktclctis fiji`

timip

cec

`ajcputc

wiwieniri

tarmifip

`ieioa`ae

pa`ikic*

`aeyc`pujkie paebatimuie yieb fcpargjam* `aebastc`isc nikupie prgyak* fie `aefgku`aetisckie miscjmiscjeyi% Gutput timip cec cijim jipgrie yieb laiscdja darcsckie falcecsc prgdja` fie rcebbkisie tuouie% 4%4%>%4% @aeaetukie ^yir itsyirit Celgr`is c

Fiji` timip darckuteyi* paebieijcscs `a`isukkie ipi sioi yieb `aeae tukie syiritsyirit celgr`isc uetuk piri pa`ikic yieb tarjcdit% Fcietiri pariebkitpariebkit

yieb

fcparbueikie

uetuk

`aeatipkie

syiritsyirit

celgr`isc fcietirieyi ifijim `aeaetukie si`paj* fie `a`arcksi fiti `aetim* wiwieniri* `aebi`itc prcjiku pa`duit kaputusie fie jcebkuebie kietgr* fie prgtgtypceb%

Fiji` timip syiritsyirit celgr`isc ^MX^* paebieijcscs darusimi karis uetuk `a`imi`c celgr`isc ipi yieb fcdutumkie pa`ikic ibir dcsi fcti`pcjkie

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fiji` pakaroiie `araki% Vimip cec `a`daetuk bi`dirie `aebaeic grbiecsisc fie tuouietuouie yieb fc`cjckc sagrieb paebieijcsi% Griebgrieb yieb tarjcdit timip cec ifijim paebieijcscs fie pa`ikic* dcisieyi `ieioar gparisc fie pabiwic gpariscgeij% Xaebieijcscs scsta` parju timu faticjfaticj luebscluebsc scsta` yieb ifi* scipi -griebgrieb yieb tarjcdit#* ipi -kabcitie dcsecs#* fc`iei -jcebkuebie fc`iei pakaroiie ctu fcjikukie#* kipie -wiktu yieb tapit#* fie dibic`iei -dibic`iei prgsafur yieb mirus fcoijiekie# firc dcsecs yieb safieb fcpajioirc% Ka`ufcie paebieijcscs oubi mirus dartieyi `aebipi dcsecs `aebbueikie scsta` yieb ifi% Ifi ijisie yieb dibus `ajikukie dcsecs faebie `aebbueikie `atgfa`atgfa yieb ifi* fie mijmij sapartc cec mirus fcpartc`diebkie siit `arienieb scsta` diru% 4%4%>%>% @aebieijcscs Kadutumie ^csta`

Xariebkit fie takecktakeck tartaetu ikie `a`dietu paebieijcscs fc fiji` `aeaetukie kadutumie% Xariebkit yieb fc`iksuf ifijim paebbueiie fcibri` ijcrie fiti uetuk `aeyusue filtir ceput* prgsas* fie gutput luebsc dcsecs fiji` daetuk brilck tarstruktur% Firc fcibri` ijcrie fiti* fcka`diebkie suitu ki`us fiti yieb darcsckie filtir sajurum cta` fiti yieb fcbueikie fiji` scsta`* darckut spasclckisceyi* ipikim darupi ijpmieu`arcn itiu taks* sarti daripi dieyik spisc yieb fcdutumkie siit fcnatik% ^aji`i timip cec* paebieijcscs scsta` oubi `aebieijcscs kaputusie tarstruktur yieb fcduit% Kaputusie tarstruktur ifijim kaputusiekaputusie fc`iei kgefcsc* kgefcsc ijtareitcl* tcefikie sarti iturie tcefikie fctatipkie% Ifi tcbi `atgfa uti`i uetuk `aebieijcscs kaputusie tarstruktur* yikec? dimisi Cebbrcs tarstruktur* rieniebie kaputusie* fie pgmge kaputusie% Xifi timip cec* paebieijcscs scsta` `aeycipkie suitu prgpgsij scsta` yieb darcsckie rcebkisie ipi sioi yieb fcta`ukie* ieijcscs dciyi'kauetuebie ijtareitcl yieb tarsafci* sarti rakg`aefisc itis ipi sioi -dcji ifi# yieb mirus fcjikukie% 4%4%>%6% @arienieb ^csta` Sieb Fcrak g`aefisckie

Fiji` timip cec* paebieijcscs scsta` `aebbueikie celgr`isccelgr`isc yieb tarku`puj sadaju`eyi uetuk `aenipic fasice scsta` celgr`isc yieb jgbck%



Xaebieijcscs `arienieb prgsafur fiti aetry safa`ckcie rupi samcebbi fiti yieb fc`isukkie ka fiji` scsta` celgr`isc daeirdaeir ikurit% ^ajice ctu* paebieijcscs `aebbueikie takecktakeck daetuk fie parieniebie jiyir tartaetu uetuk `aeoi`ce kaalaktclie ceput scsta` celgr`isc% Dibcie firc parieniebie scsta` celgr`isc yieb jgbck ifijim parijitie ietir `uki paebbuei% Ietir `uki `aebmuduebkie pa`ikic faebie scsta`* oifc parieeyi daeirdaeir siebit paetceb% Ngetgmeyi ifijim kaydgirf -uetuk `aebatck partieyiie fie oiwidie#* `aeu`aeu pifi jiyir -uetuk `aefitiebkie parcetim pa`ikic#* sarti dardibic oaecs Bripmcnij Qsar Cetarlinas -BQC# yieb `aebbueikie `gusa itiu nukup faebie saetumie pifi jiyir% Vimip parieniebie oubi `aenikup parieniebie lcjalcja itiu discs fiti yieb dcsi `aeyc`pie fitifiti yieb fcparjukie gjam pa`duit kaputusie% Discs fiti yieb tarsusue faebie dick ifijim fisir dibc sajurum scsta` celgr`isc% Fiji` timip cec* paebieijcscs oubi dakaroisi`i faebie pa`ikic uetuk `arienieb gutput -dick pifi jiyir `iupue miscj natikie#% Xaebieijcscspue mirus `arienieb prgsafurprgsafur dink up fie kgetrgj uetuk `ajcefuebc scsta` fie fiti sarti uetuk `a`duit pikatpikat spasclckisc prgbri` dibc pa`rgbri`% ^atcip pikat dcsi tarfcrc firc jiygut ceput fie gutput* spasclckisc lcja fie faticjfaticj prgsas sarti pgmge kaputusie itiu tidaj* fcibri` ijcrie fiti* ljgwnmirt scsta`* sarti ei`iei`i fie luebscluebsc sudprgbri` yieb sufim tartujcs% 4%4%>%1% @aeba`diebkie fie @aef gku`aetisckie Xarieb kit Jueik

Fiji` timip cec* paebieijcscs dakaroisi`i faebie pa`rgbri` uetuk `aeba`diebkie suitu pariebkit jueik iwij yieb fcparjukie% ^aji`i timip cec paebieijcscs

oubi

dakaroisi`i

faebie

pa`ikic

uetuk

`aeba`diebkie

fgku`aetisc pariebkit jueik yieb alaktcl% Kabcitie fgku`aetisc `aeueoukie kapifi pa`ikic taetieb niri paebbueiie pariebkit jueik fie ipi yieb mirus fcjikukie dcji pariebkit jueik `aebiji`c `isijim% Xa`rgbri` ifijim pajiku uti`i fiji` timip cec* kiraei `araki `arienieb* `a`duit kgfa* fie `aebitisc kasijimiekasijimie firc prgbri` kg`putar% Qetuk `a`istckie kuijctiseyi* pa`rgbri` dcsi `a`duit parieniebie



fie kgfa prgbri` yieb ikie fcoijiekie* `aeoajiskie dibciedibcie kg`pjaks firc prgbri` kapifi tc` pa`rgbri` jiceeyi% 4%4%>%<% @aebuoc fie @a`partimiekie ^csta`

^adaju` scsta` celgr`isc fipit fcbueikie* `iki mirus fcjikukie paebuocie tarjadcm fuju% Ikie dcsi `aebma`it dciyi ipidcji fipit `aeiebkip ifieyi `isijim sadaju` scsta` tarsadut fctatipkie% ^adibcie paebuocie fcjikukie gjam pa`rgbri` saefcrc* fie jiceeyi fcjikukie gjam paebieijcscs scsta`% Tiebkicie paebuocie cec parti`iti`i fcoijiekie darsi`isi`i faebie fiti ngetgm sarti faebie fiti ikurit firc scsta` yieb tajim ifi% @a`partimiekie scsta` fie fgka`aetisceyi fc`ujic fc timip cec fie fcjikukie saniri rutce saji`i scsta` celgr`isc fcoijiekie% ^adibcie dasir karoi rutce pa`rgbri` ifijim `ajikukie pa`ajcmiriie* fie dcsecs `aebmidcskie dieyik uieb uetuk kabcitie pa`ajcmiriie% Kabcitie pa`ajcmiriie sapartc `a`pardimiruc prgbri`* dcsi fcjikukie saniri gtg`itcs `ajijuc suitu vaefgr scta fc Rgrjf Rcfa Rad% ^adibcie dasir prgsafur scsta`itcs yieb fcoijiekie paebieijcscs ji`i sckjus mcfup paeba`diebie scsta` `a`dietu `a`istckie dimwi pa`ajcmiriie dcsi fcoibi si`pic tcebkit `cec`u`% 4%4%>%2% @aebc`pja`aetisckie fie @aebavijuisc ^csta`

Fc timip tarikmcr firc paeba`diebie scsta`* paebieijcscs `a`dietu uetuk `aebc`pja`aetisckie scsta` celgr`isc% Vimip cec `ajcditkie pajitcmie dibc pa`ikic uetuk `aebaefijckie scsta`% ^adibcie pajitcmie tarsadut fcjikukie gjam vaefgr* ei`ue kasijimie pajitcmie `arupikie tiebbueb oiwid paebieijcscs scsta`% ^ajice ctu* paebieijcs parju `araenieikie kgevarsc parjimie firc scsta` ji`i ka scsta` diru% Xrgsas cec `aenikup paebudimie lcjalcja lgr`it ji`i ka lgr`it diru itiu `a`diebue suitu discs fiti* `aebcestij parijitie* fie `a`diwi scsta` diru uetuk fcprgfuksc% Avijuisc yieb fctueoukkie sadibic dibcie firc timip tarikmcr firc sckjus mcfup paeba`diebie scsta`

dcisieyi fc`iksufkie uetuk pa`dimisie%

^adaeireyi* avijuisc fcjikukie fc satcip timip% Krctarci uti`i yieb mirus fcpaeumc cijim ipikim pa`ikic yieb fctuou daeirdaeir `aebbueikie scsta`%



Katcki paebieijcscs `aeyajasickie situ timip paeba`diebie scsta` ikie darjieout ka timip darckuteyi* paea`uie suitu `isijim dcsi `a`iksi paebieijcscs ka`dijc ka timip sadaju`eyi fie `a`gfclckisc pakaroiie fc timip tarsadut% ^adibic ngetgm saji`i timip paebuocie* pa`rgbri` `aea`ukie dimwi prgbri` tcfik fipit daroijie sadibic`iei `astceyi* ipikim kiraei fcsadidkie kgfaeyi tcfik tartujcs saniri daeir uetuk `aefukueb dibcie parieniebie scsta` tartaetu itiu fasiceeyi tcfik jaebkip% Fc fui parcstcwi yieb `a`duit prgbri` mirus fc`gfclckisc ctu paebieijcscs dcsi `aebudim dadaripi `itarc rieniebie scsta`% ^adijckeyi* ci oubi dcsi darta`u faebie pa`ikic uetuk `ajikukie paeyajcfckie ujieb dibic`iei ibir iktclctis dcsecs dcsi darluebsc% 4%>%

Xa`gfajie ^ csta`

Fiji` prgsas pa`animie `isijim* `iki mirusjim fcduit suitu `atgfa jiebkim fa`c jiebkim paebaroiie ceput `aeoifc gutput% Qetuk `aebaksprasckie jiebkimjiebkim tarsadut `aeoifc kitikiti* dibiedibie* fcibri`fcibri` itiu tidaj yieb oajis* fcparjukie suitu ijit dietu fasice prgbri`* yictu ijit uetuk `a`duit prgbri` kg`putar% Fasice tarsadut `a`dietu dick bircs dasir grbiecsisc kasajurumie prgbri` `iupue `a`darckie dadaripi jiebkim spasclck prgbri`% 4%>%9% Dibie Ijcr

@aeurut I`syim -4881#* dibie ijcr ifijim suitu daetuk brilck itiu fcibri` firc ijbgrct`i fc`iei sc`dgjsc`dgj stiefir `awikcjc ti`pcjie gparisc yieb parju fie `a`parjcmitkie urutie pajiksieiieeyi% Jiebkimjiebkim fie aja`aeaja`ae iktcvctis paebgjimie fiti fipit fcbi`dirkie faebie suitu dibie ijcr% Xifi dibie ijcr prgsas kabcitie dasarti jiebkimjiebkim fie urutieeyi fipit fcbi`dirkie faebie niri yieb jadcm `ufim fie oajis% Dibie ijcr - ljgw nmirt# ifijim suitu fcibri` itiu `gfaj yieb darcsckie cstcjim itiu paebartcie `aebaeic jiebkim kabcitie paenititie* paebieijcscsie* fie paebkggrfceiscie celgr`isc% Bi`dir itiu ska`i dibie ijcr ikie `a`dietu ieijcscs `a`imi`c prgsafur karoi faebie jadcm dick fcdiefceb faebie jicejice niri% Dibie ijcr oubi



fcparbueikie uetuk `a`dietu `aebieijcscs fie `aeba`diebkie prgsafur ctu saefcrc* `csijeyi uetuk `aenirc oijie kajuir ka`inatie yieb taroifc pifi irus fiti% Dibie ijcr sarceb fcbueikie uetuk `aebkggrfceisckie liktilikti paetceb firc suitu par`isijimie kapifi grieb jice yieb fc`ceti dietuie uetuk `aenirckie oijie pa`animieeyi% Ifipue pafg`iepafg`ie fiji` pa`duitie dibie ijcr ifijim sadibic darckut -Mirtgeg*4881#? i% Dibie ijcr sadickeyi fcbi`dir firc itis ka diwim fie `ujic firc dibcie kcrc firc suitu miji`ie% d% Kabcitie fc fiji` dibie ijcr mirus fctueoukkie faebie oajis% n% Mirus fctueoukkie firc`iei kabcitie ikie fc`ujic fie fc`iei ikie darikmcr% f% @isceb`isceb kabcitie fcfiji` dibie ijcr sadickeyi fcbueikie suitu kiti yieb `awikcjc suitu pakaroiie*`csijeyi ? 

‚Xarscipkie‐ fgku`ae



‚Mctueb‐ bioc

a% @isceb`isceb kabcitie fcfiji` dibie ijcr mirus fcfiji` urutie yieb sa`astceyi% l% Kabcitie yieb tarpgtgeb fie ikie fcsi`dueb fcta`pit jice mirus fctueoukkie faebie oajis `aebbueikie sc`dgj paebmudueb% b% Bueikie sc`dgjsc`dgj dibie ijcr yieb stiefir% ^c`dgjsc`dgj yieb sarceb fcbueikie fiji` dibie ijcr fipit fcjcmit pifi tidaj fcdiwim cec ? Vidaj 4%9% ? ^c`dgj fie Katariebie Xifi Dibie Ijcr ^c`dgj

Katariebie     

  











/^u`dar ? I`syim* 4881% 4%>%4% Fiti Ljgw Fcibri` -FLF# Fiti Ljgw Fcibri` -FLF# fipit fcfalcecsckie sadibic darckut ? ‚Fiti Ljgw Fcibri` -FLF# ifijim suitu `gfaj jgbcki fiti itiu prgsas yieb fcduit uetuk `aebbi`dirkie firc`iei isij fiti fie ka`iei tuouie fiti yieb kajuir firc scsta`* fc`iei fiti fcsc`pie* prgsas ipi yieb `aebmiscjkie fiti tarsadut fie cetariksc ietiri fiti yieb tarsc`pie fie prgsas yieb fckaeikie pifi fiti tarsadut%‐ -Krcstietg* 4882#%

Fiti

Ljgw

Fcibri` itiu

fcibri`

ijcrie fiti

`aebbi`dirkie

paeyc`pieie fiti fie prgsas yieb `aetrielgr`isckie fiti% FLF `aeueoukie muduebie ietiri fiti pifi scsta` fie prgsas pifi scsta`% Xaefakitie ijcrie fiti `a`cjckc a`pit kajadcmie uti`i `ajijuc paeoajisie eiritcl `aebaeic niri fiti fiti darpcefim fcsapieoieb scsta`*yictu -Kaefijj*488<# ? i% Kadadisie firc `aeoijiekie c`pja`aetisc takecs scsta` yieb tarjiju fcec% d% Xa`imi`ie jadcm oium `aebaeic katarkictie situ si`i jice fiji` scsta` fie sudscsta`% n% @aebkg`ueckisckie paebatimuie scsta` yieb ifi faebie paebbuei `ajijuc fcibri` ijcrie fiti% f% @aebieijcscs scsta` yieb fcioukie uetuk `aeaetukie ipikim fitifiti fie prgsas yieb fcparjukie sufim fctatipkie%

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@aeurut Mirtgeg -4881#* fcibri` ijcrie fiti `a`pueyic kadickie kadickie* yictu fipit `aebbi`dirkie scsta` saniri tarstruktur faebie `a`anim `anim `aeoifc javaj jadcm raefim - fang`pgsctcge#* fipit `aeueoukie irus fiti fc scsta`* fipit `aebbi`dirkie prgsas pirijjaj fc scsta`* fipit `aeueoukie sc`pieie fiti* fie fipit `aeueoukie kasituie juir% Vatipc `aeuruteyi oubi fcibri` ijcrie fiti `a`pueyic katarditisie * yictu ? 9% FIF tcfik `aeueoukkie prgsas paebujiebie - jggp#% 4% FIF tcfik `aeueoukkie prgsas kaputusie - fancscge#% >% FIF tcfik `aeueoukkie prgsas parmctuebie% Ifipue sc`dgj sc`dgj yieb sarceb fcbueikie fiji` Fiti Ljgw Fcibri` -FLF# fipit fcjcmit pifi tidaj darckut cec ? Vidaj 4%4% ^c`dgj ^c`dgj pifi FLF - Fiti Ljgw Fcibri`#* -Krcstietg* 4882#%

Mijmij paetceb yieb mirus fcparmitckie fie fccebit fiji` pa`duitie FLF ifijim -Kusrcec , Kgecyg*4882# ? i% @aenabim prgsas yieb `a`pueyic `isukie tatipc tcfik `a`pueyic kajuirie* yieb fckaeij sadibic judieb mcti`% d% @aenabim prgsas yieb `a`pueyic kajuirie tatipc tcfik `a`pueyic `isukie* `csijeyi paebmiscj dcjiebie inik% n% Mitcmitc faebie ijcrie fie prgsas yieb tcfik fcei`ikie kiraei fipit `aebikcditkie aja`ae fiti yieb sijceb tcfik darmuduebie `aeoifc situ%

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f% Mitcmitc faebie paeyc`pieie yieb pueyi stitus mieyi fipit fcdini itiu mieyi fipit fctujcs fie darkictie faebie prgsas yieb mieyi `a`prgsas `isukie itiu mieyi `a`prgsas kajuirie% Qetuk `a`ujic suitu fcibri` ijcrie fiti* fcparjukie suitu riebku`ie eirisc scsta` grbiecsisc yieb tajim fcduit fiji` daetuk saduim filtir faebie a`pit kitabgrc yieb tarfcrc firc aetctis akstareij* ijcrie fiti* prgsas* fie paeyc`pieie fiti% Filtir cec fcbueikie uetuk `a`dietu `aeaetukie ditisditis scsta` yieb ikie fcbi`dirkie% Vcebkitietcebkitie yieb tarfipit pifi FLF ifijim* -Kaefijj* 488<# ? 9% Fcibri` Kgetaks

Fcibri` kgetaks ifijim tcebkitie tartcebbc fiji` fcibri` ijcrie fiti fie mieyi `a`uit situ prgsas* `aeueoukkie scsta` saniri kasajurumie% Xrgsas tarsadut fcdarc eg`gr egj% ^a`ui aetctis akstareij yieb fctueoukkie pifi fcibri` kgetaks darckut ijcrie fiti „ijcrie fiti uti`i `aeuou fie firc scsta`% Fcibri` tarsadut tcfik `a`uit paeyc`pieie fiti fie ti`pik safarmiei uetuk fcncptikie* dabctu aetctisaetctis akstareij sarti ijcrie fiti „ijcrie fiti `aeuou fie firc scsta` fckatimuc paebieijcscs firc wiwieniri faebie paebbuei fie sadibic miscj ieijcscs fgku`ae% 4% Fcibri` 8 -javaj darckuteyi#

Fcibri` 8 ifijim paeba`d iebie fcibri` kgetaks fie dcsi `aenikup si`pic sa`dcjie prgsas% @a`isukkie jadcm dieyik prgsas pifi javaj cec ikie taroifc suitu fcibri` yieb sujct fcpimi`c% ^atcip prgsas fcdarc eg`gr dcjiebie dujit* u`u`eyi fc`ujic firc sufut sadajim kcrc itis fcibri` fie `aebirim ka sufut sadajim kieie diwim% Xaeyc`pieie fiti „paeyc`pieie fiti uti`i firc scsta` -`awikcjc lcjalcja `istar# fie sa`ui aetctis akstareij fc`isukkie kafiji` fcibri` 8% >% Fcibri` Ieik -Vcebkit yieb Jadcm @aefaticj#

^atcip prgsas fiji` fcibri` 8 dcsi fcka`diebkie uetuk `aencptikie fcibri` ieik yieb jadcm `aefaticj% Xrgsas pifi fcibri` 8 yieb fcka`diebkie ctu fcsadut piraet prgnass -prgsas cefuk# fie fcibri` yieb fcmiscjkie fcsadut nmcjf fcibri` -fcibri` ieik#% Iturie uti`i uetuk `aencptikie fcibri` ieik*

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kasac`diebie vartckij* `aeyitikie dimwi suitu fcibri` ieik tcfik dcsi `aebmiscjkie kajuirie itiu `aearc`i `isukie fc`iei prgsas cefukeyi oubi tcfik `aebmiscjkie itiu `aearc`i% ^a`ui ijcrie fiti yieb `aeuou itiu kajuir firc prgsas cefuk mirus fctueoukie `aebijcr kafiji` itiu kajuir firc fcibri` ieik% Fcibri` ieik fctatipkie eg`gr yieb si`i sapartc prgsas cefukeyi fcfiji` fcibri` 8% ^adibic ngetgm* prgsas > ikie darka`dieb ka fcibri` >% Xrgsasprgsas pifi fcibri` ieik fcdarc eg`gr faebie `aebbueikie eg`gr prgsas cefuk* pgce fasc`ij* sarti saduim eg`gr ueck uetuk satcip prgsas ieik% Xifi Fcibri` >* prgsasprgsas tarsadut ikie fcdarc eg`gr >%9* >%4* >%>* fie sataruseyi% Kataetuie cec `a`uebkcekie paebieijcscs `aebckutc riebkicie prgsas fcsatcip tcebkit paeba`diebie% Dcji Fcibri` 8 `aebbi`dirkie prgsas prgsas 9* 4* fie >* fcibri` ieik 9* 4* fie > sa`uieyi darifi pifi javaj yieb si`i% Fiji` pa`duitie FLF -Fiti Ljgw Fcibri`#* tarfipit dadaripi mij paetceb yieb fcietirieyi ifijim sadibic darckut* -Krcstietg* 4882# ? i% Kg`pgeae Xrgsas

Kg`pgeae prgsas `a`parjcmitkie itiu `aebbi`dirkie trieslgr`isc ceput `aeoifc gutput% Ifi 6 -a`pit# ka`uebkceie yieb fipit taroifc fiji`

prgsas samuduebie faebie ceput fie gutput sapartc tarjcmit pifi bi`dir fc diwim cec ?

Bi`dir 4%6% Ka`uebkceie pifi Xrgsas FLF* -Krcstietg* 4882#%

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Mijmij yieb parju fcparmitckie taetieb prgsas?  

Xrgsas mirus `a`cjckc ceput fie gutput% Xrgsas fipit fcmuduebkie faebie kg`pgeae tar`ceitgr* fiti stgra itiu prgsas `ajijuc ijur fiti% Kasijimiekasijimie prgsas pifi FLF ifijim?

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Xrgsas `a`pueyic ceput tatipc tcfik `aebmiscjkie gutput%

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Xrgsas `aebmiscjkie gutput tatipc tcfik pareim `aearc`i ceput%

d% Kg`pgeae Xaeyc`pieie Fiti - Fiti ^tgra#

Kg`pgeae cec fcbueikie uetuk `a`duit `gfaj saku`pujie pikat fiti fie fcdarc ei`i faebie kiti daefi darsclit oi`ik% Sieb parju fcparmitckie taetieb fiti stgra ifijim ? 

Ijur fiti firc prgsas `aeuou fiti stgra* mij cec darirtc fiti stgra darluebsc sadibic tuouie'ta`pit paeyc`pieie firc suitu prgsas -prgsas wrcta#%

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Ijur fiti firc fiti stgra ka prgsas* mij cec darirtc fiti stgra darluebsc sadibic su`dar itiu prgsas yieb `a`arjukie fiti -prgsas raif#%

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Ijur fiti firc prgsas `aeuou fiti stgra fie sadijckeyi darirtc darluebsc sadibic su`dar fie tuouie -prgsas upfita#%

Bi`dir 4%1% Ka`uebkceie Xaeyc`pieie Fiti*-Krcstietg* 4882#%

n% Kg`pgeae I jur Fi ti - Fiti Ljgw#

Ijur fiti fcbueikie uetuk `aeariebkie parpcefimie fiti itiu pikat fiti firc situ dibcie ka dibcie jiceeyi% Ijur fiti fipit darupi kiti* pasie* lgr`ujcr itiupue celgr`isc%

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Ifi 6 -a`pit# kgesap taetieb ijur fiti yieb fcietirieyi ? 

Xinkats gl Fiti; ipidcji ifi 4 fiti' jadcm yieb `aebijcr firc 9 su`dar yieb

si`i `aeuou pifi tuouie yieb si`i fie `a`pueyic muduebie fcbi`dirkie faebie 9 ijur fiti% 

Fcvarbceb Fiti Ljgw; ipidcji ifi saou`jim pikat fiti yieb darisij firc

su`dar yieb si`i `aeuou pifi tuouie yieb dardafi itiu pikat fiti yieb kg`pjaks fcdibc `aeoifc dadaripi aja`ae fiti yieb fckcrc` ka tuouie yieb dardafi% 

Ngevarbceb Fiti Ljgw; ipidcji ifi dadaripi ijur fiti yieb dardafi su`dar

`aeuou ka tuouie yieb si`i% 

^u`dar fie Vuouie; irus fiti mirus fcm uduebkie pifi prgsas* dick firc `iupue yieb `aeuou prgsas%

4%>%>% Ki`us Fi ti

^atajim

tcebkitie

fcibri`

ijcrie

fiti

darturutturut

fcjaebkipc*

paebieijcscs scsta` `aebbueikieeyi uetuk `a`duit kitijgb prgsasprgsas* ijcrie* sc`pieie* struktur fie aja`aeaja`ae fiti fiji` suitu ki`us fiti% Ki`us fiti ifijim suitu ipjckisc kmusus firc oaecs ki`us ki`us yieb fcbueikie sadibic ralaraesc kamcfupie satcip mirc% Darkictie faebie scsta` celgr`isc* ki`us fiti ifijim kitijgb likti taetieb fiti fie kadutumie celgr`isc firc suitu scsta` celgr`isc% Faebie `aebbueikie ki`us fiti* ieijcs scsta` fipit `aefalcecsckie fiti yieb `aebijcr fc scsta` faebie jaebkip% Ki`us fiti fcduit pifi timip ieijcscs scsta` fie fcbueikie dick pifi timip ieijcscs `iupue pifi timip parieniebie scsta`% Xifi timip ieijcscs* ki`us fiti fipit fcbueikie sadibic ijit kg`ueckisc ietiri ieijcscs scsta` faebie pa`ikic scsta` taetieb fiti yieb `aebijcr fc scsta`* yictu taetieb fiti yieb `isuk ka scsta` fie taetieb celgr`isc yieb fcdutumkie gjam pa`ikic scsta`% Ki`us fiti fcduit darfisirkie irus fiti yieb ifi fc FLF% Irus fiti fc FLF scliteyi ifijim bjgdij* mieyi fctueoukkie ei`i irus fitieyi sioi% Katariebie jadcm jieout taetieb struktur firc suitu irus fiti fc FLF saniri jadcm

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tarparcenc fipit fcjcmit fc ki`us fiti% Qetuk `iksuf kaparjuie cec* `iki ki`us fiti mirus `a`uit mijmij darckut fc diwim cec* -Kaefij* 488<#? i% Ei`i i rus fiti

Kiraei ki`us fiti fcduit darfisirkie irus fiti yieb `aebijcr fc FLF* `iki ei`i irus fiti oubi mirus fcnitit fc ki`us fiti* samcebbi `araki yieb `a`dini FLF fie `a`arjukie paeoajisie jadcm jieout taetieb irus fiti tartaetu fc FLF fipit jiebsueb `aenirceyi faebie `ufim fc ki`us fiti% d% Ijcis

Ijcis itiu ei`i jice firc fiti fipit fctujcskie dcji ei`i jice cec ifi% Ijcis parju fctujcs kiraei fiti yieb si`i `a`pueyic ei`i yieb dardafi uetuk grieb itiu fapirta`ae situ faebie yieb jiceeyi% n% Daetuk fiti

Vajim fckatimuc dimwi irus fiti fipit `aebijcr ? 

firc kasituie juir ka suitu prgsas;

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firc miscj suitu prgsas ka kasituie juir;

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firc miscj suitu prgsas ka prgsas yieb jice;

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firc miscj suitu prgsas yieb fcraki`kie ka sc`pieie fiti; fie

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firc sc`pieie fiti fcdini gjam suitu prgsas% @iki* faebie fa`ckcie daetuk firc fiti yieb `aebijcr fipit darupi ?

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jipgrie fisir itiu lgr`ujcr;

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fgku`ae miscj natikie kg`putar;

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jipgrie tarnatik;

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ti`pcjie fc jiyir `gectgr;



vircidaj;

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piri`atar; fie

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lcajf%

Daetuk firc fiti cec parju fcnitit fc ki`us fiti* kiraei fipit fcbueikie uetuk `aebajg`pgkkie ki`us fiti ka fiji` kabueiieeyi sawiktu parieniebie scsta`%

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f% Irus fiti

Irus fiti `aeueoukkie firc `iei fiti `aebijcr fie ka `iei fiti ikie `aeuou% Katariebie irus fiti cec parju fcnitit fc ki`us fiti supiyi `a`ufimkie `aenirc irus fiti cec fc FLF% a% Xaeoajisie

Qetuk jadcm `a`paroajis jibc taetieb `ikei firc irus fiti yieb fcnitit fc ki`us fiti* `iki dibcie paeoajisie fipit fccsc faebie katariebiekatariebie taetieb irus fiti tarsadut% l% Xarcgfa

Xarcgfa cec `aeueoukkie kipie taroifceyi irus fiti cec% Xarcgfa parju fcnitit fc ki`us fiti kiraei fipit fcbueikie uetuk `aebcfaetclckisckie kipie ceput fiti mirus fc`isukkie ka scsta`* kipie prgsas mirus fcjikukie fie kipie jipgriejipgrie mirus fcmiscjkie% b% \gju`a

\gju`a yieb parju fcnitit fc ki`us fiti ifijim taetieb vgju`a ritiriti fie vgju`a puenik firc irus fiti% \gju`a ritiriti `aeueoukkie dieyikeyi ritiriti irus fiti yieb `aebijcr fiji` situ parcgfa tartaetu fie vgju`a puenik `aeueoukkie

vgju`a

yieb

tardieyik%

\gju`a

cec

fcbueikie

uetuk

`aebcfaetclckisckie dasireyi sc`pieie juir yieb ikie fcbueikie fie ou`jim firc ijit ceput* ijit pa`rgsas fie ijit gutput% m% ^truktur fiti

^truktur fiti `aeueoukkie fiti yieb fcnitit fc ki`us fiti tarfcrc firc dadaripi cta` fiti% ^ajieouteyi struktur fiti yieb ifi pifi fiti ljgw fie fiti stgra tarjatik pifi javaj kafui itiu `cffja javaj% Fc scec struktur fiti fciebbip

sadibic rangrf fiti% Sieb tarikmcr ifijim fiti aja`aet yieb tarjatik pifi javaj taraefim* kiraei fiti aja`aet `arupikie dibcie firc struktur fiti% Fc scec fiti aja`aet fciebbip sadibic lcajf% 4%>%6% ^csta` Discs Fiti

^csta` discs fiti pifi fisireyi ifijim saduim kg`putarcsisc scsta` paeyc`pieie rangrf* yictu `arupikie saduim scsta` kg`putarcsisc yieb tuouie kasajurumieeyi ifijim `aeyc`pie celgr`isc fie `aebcocekie pa`ikic uetuk

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`aebi`dcj ka`dijc fie `a`pardimiruc celgr`isc tarsadut itis par`cetiie% Celgr`isc yieb fcdimis fipit `arupikie sasuitu yieb darirtc pifi cefcvcfuij itiu grbiecsisc yieb tarjcdit* yieb fcdutumkie uetuk `a`dietu fiji` prgsas u`u` `aeoijiekie usimi cefcvcfuij itiu grbiecsisc ctu% ‚Discs fiti ifijim suitu ku`pujie fiti tarmudueb yieb fcsc`pie saniri darsi`isi`i pifi suitu `afci* tiepi ifieyi suitu kariebkipie fiti samcebbi `ufim uetuk fcbueikie ka`dijc* fipit fcbueikie gjam situ itiu jadcm prgbri` ipjckisc saniri gptc`ij* fiti fcsc`pie tiepi `aebiji`c katarbietuebie pifi prgbri` yieb ikie `aebbueikieeyi* fiti fcsc`pie safa`ckcie rupi samcebbi ipidcji ifi paei`dimie* paebi`dcjie fie `gfclckisc fiti fipit fcjikukie faebie `ufim fie tarkgetrgj%‐ -Rcfcietc *4883#%

Firc paebartcie tarsadut fipit fcsc`pujkie dimwi discs fiti `a`pueyic dadaripi krctarci yieb paetceb yictu* -Rcfcietc *4883# ? i% Darsclit fiti grcaetaf fie dukie prgbri` grcaetaf% d% Fipit fcbueikie gjam dadaripi prgbri` ipjckisc tiepi `aebudim discs fitieyi% n% Fipit darka`dieb faebie `ufim* dick vgju`a `iu pue struktureyi% f% Fipit `a`aeumc scsta`scsta` diru saniri `ufim% a% Fipit fcbueikie faebie niriniri yieb dardafi l% Kariebkipie fiti fipit fc`cec`ijkie% Firc paebartcie tarsadut fcitis fipit fcsc`pujkie dimwi scsta` discs fiti ifijim ? ‚scsta` yieb tarfcrc itis ku`pujie tidaj ' lcja yieb sijceb darmuduebie

fiji` saduim discs fiti fie saku`pujie prgbri` darupi FD@^ yieb `a`uebkcekie dadaripi pa`ikic itiu prgbri` jice uetuk `aebiksas fie `a`iecpujisc tidajtidaj tarsadut%‐-Rcfcietc *4883#%

^csta` discs fiti `arupikie scsta` paeyusueie darkis fiti yieb sijceb tarpifu% @a`pueyic kg`pgeaekg`paeae sadibic darckut* -Rcfcietc *4883# ? 9% Fitidisa -Discs Fiti# 4% ^gltwira -Xariebkit Jueik#

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>% Mirfwira -Xariebkit Karis# 6% Dricewira -@ieusci# @aeurut Rcfcietc -4883#* kauetuebie firc scsta` discs fiti ifijim ? i% Fiti fipit fcpikic saniri darsi`isi`i - `ujtcpja usar# d% Fiti fipit fcstiefircsisckie n% @aeburiebc kariebkipie fiti f% Ifieyi ka`iefcrcie -kadadisie# fiti itiu fiti cefalaefaet a% Kai`ieie - sanurcty# fiti taroi`ce l% Katarpifuie fiti taroibi -`isijim cetabrctis# Fcsi`pceb `a`pueyic kauetuebie* scsta` discs fiti oubi `a`cjckc dadaripi karubcie% Dadaripi karubcie scsta` discs fiti ifijim* -Rcfcietc *4883# ? 9% Fcparjukie ta`pit paeyc`pieie yieb dasir 4% Fcparjukie taeibi yieb tari`pcj fiji` `aebajgji fiti >% Xariebkit jueikeyi `imij 6% Karusikie pifi scsta` discs fiti fipit `a`paebirumc fapirta`ae yieb tarkict Cstcjimcstcjim fiji` scsta` discs fiti* -Rcfcietc *4883# ? i% Aetarprcsa Sictu suitu daetuk grbiecsisc% Fiti yieb fcsc`pie fiji` discs fiti `arupikie fiti gpariscgeij firc suitu aetarprcsa% Ngetgm ? sakgjim* Tu`im sikct* Diek* fie jicejice% d% Aetctis Sictu gdoak yieb fipit fcdafikie faebie gdoak yieb jiceeyi% Ngetgm ? fiji` aetarprcsa sakgjim tarfipit aetctis `imiscswi* `iti kujcim% n% Itrcdut Sictu sadutie uetuk `awikcjc suitu aetctis% Ngetgm ? fiji` aetctis `imiscswi `a`cjckc itrcdut EC@* Ei`i* Iji`it* Ibi`i fie jicejice% f% Ecjic Fiti itiu Fiti \ijua Sictu celgr`isc yieb tarnikup fiji` satcip aja`ae fiti% Csc firc itrcdut fcsadut Ecjic Fiti%

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a% Tangrf -Vupja# Sictu ku`pujie lcajflcajf yieb sijceb darkictie yieb `aebcelgr`isckie taetieb suitu aetctis saniri jaebkip% l% lcja Sictu ku`pujie rangrfrangrf yieb saoaecs fc`iei `a`pueyic pieoieb aja`ae yieb si`i* itrcdut yieb si`i ei`ue dardafidafi fiti vijuaeyi% b% Fitidisa Sictu ku`pujie lcjalcja yieb `a`pueyic kictie ietiri situ lcja faebie lcja jiceeyi samcebbi `a`daetuk suitu diebueie fiti% m% Fitidisa `ieiba`aet systa` -FD@^# Sictu ku`pujie lcja yieb sijceb darkictie darsi`isi`i faebie prgbri` uetuk paebajgjiieeyi% Fitidisa ifijim ku`pujie fitieyi* safieb prgbri` paebajgjieyi darfcrc saefcrc fiji` situ pikat prgbri` yieb darluebsc uetuk `a`dini fiti* `aebcsc fiti* `aebmipus fiti sarti `ajipgrkie fiti fiji` fitidisa% 4%>%6%9% Aetcty Tajitcgesmcp Fcibri` -ATF#

@aeurut Jifoi`ufce -4881#* Fcibri` muduebie aetctis itiu yieb jadcm fckaeij faebie sadutie AT fcibri`* ifijim egtisc brilck firc saduim `gfaj fiti itiu saduim `gfaj oircebie yieb `aeoajiskie taetieb fiti yieb tarsc`pie -stgriba fiti# fiji` scsta` saniri idstrik% Kg`pgeae -sc`dgj# Aetcty Tajitcgesmcp Fcibri`* -Rcfcietc*4883# ? i%

Aetcty Ifijim suitu gdoak yieb fipit fcdafikie itiu fipit fccfaetclckisckie

saniri ueck faebie gdoak jiceeyi* fc`iei sa`ui celgr`isc yieb darkictie faebieeyi fcku`pujkie% ^c`dgj firc aetcty ifijim ?

Bi`dir 4%<% ^c`dgj Aetcty

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d%

Tajitcgesmcp Ifijim muduebie yieb taroifc ietiri situ aetcty faebie aetcty jiceeyi%

Tajitcgesmcp tcfik `a`pueyic kadarifiie lcsck itiu kgesaptuij kanuijc yieb

fcwircsc firc muduebie ietiri aetcty tarsadut% ^c`dgj firc rajitcgesmcp ifijim?

Bi`dir 4%2% ^c`dgj Tajitcgesmcp n%

Itrcdut

Ifijim kiriktarcstck firc aetcty itiu rajitcgesmcp yieb `aeyafcikie paeoajisie faticj taetieb aetcty itiu rajitcgesmcp tarsadut% ^c`dgj firc itrcdut ifijim ?

Bi`dir 4%=% ^c`dgj Itrcdut 4%>%6%4%Kirfceijctis Tajisc

@aeurut Jifoi`ufce -4881#* kirfceijctis rajisc `aeueoukie ou`jim `iksc`u` tupaj yieb fipit darajisc faebie aetctis pifi aetctis yieb jice% Firc saou`jim ka`uebkceie dieyikeyi muduebie ietir aetctis tarsadut* kirfceijctis rajisc `aruouk pifi muduebie `iksc`u` yieb taroifc firc aetctis yieb situ ka aetctis yieb jice fie dabctu oubi sadijckeyi% Varfipit > -tcbi# `ini` kirfceijctis rajisc* yictu ? i% Gea tg Gea

Vcebkit muduebie situ ka situ* fceyitikie faebie situ kaoifcie pifi aetctis parti`i* mieyi `a`pueyic situ muduebie faebie situ kaoifcie pifi aetctis yieb kafui fie sadijckeyi% Ngetgm? Ifieyi rajisc ietiri aetctis fgsae faebie aetctis ourusie% Tajisceyi kcti darc ei`i ”kapijic–% Xifi rajisc cec* satcip fgsae pijceb dieyik `aebapijic situ ourusie -wijiupue `a`ieb tcfik sa`ui fgsae yieb `aeoifc katui ourusie#% Fie satcip ourusie fckapijic gjam pijceb dieyik situ grieb fgsae% 

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Bi`dir 4%3% Fcibri` Kirfceijctis Gea Vg Gea -varsc Nmae#

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d% Gea tg @iey itiu @iey tg Gea

Vcebkit muduebie situ ka dieyik ifijim si`i faebie dieyik ka situ% Varbietueb firc irim `iei muduebie tarsadut fcjcmit% Qetuk situ kaoifcie pifi aetctis yieb parti`i fipit `a`pueyic dieyik muduebie faebie kaoifcie pifi aetctis yieb kafui% ^adijckeyi situ kaoifcie pifi aetctis yieb kafui mieyi fipit `a`pueyic situ muduebie faebie situ kaoifcie pifi aetctis parti`i% 9#

Gea tg @iey -situ ka dieyik#

Sieb darirtc situ tupaj pifi aetctis I fipit darmuduebie faebie dieyik tupaj pifi aetctis D* tatipc tcf ik sadijckeyi* fc`iei satcip tupaj pifi aetctis D darmuduebie faebie pijceb dieyik situ tupaj pifi aetctis I% 4#

@iey tg Gea -dieyik ka situ#

Sieb darirtc satcip tupaj pifi aetctis I fipit darmuduebie faebie pijceb dieyik situ tupaj pifi aetctis D* tatipc tcfik sadijckeyi* fc`iei satcip tupaj pifi aetctis D darmuduebie faebie dieyik tupaj pifi aetctis I% Ngetgm ? Ifieyi rajisc ietiri aetctis fgsae faebie aetctis kujcim% Tajisceyi kcti darc ei`i ”ioir–% Xifi rajisc cec* satcip fgsae fipit `aebioir jadcm

firc situ `iti kujcim* safieb satcip `iti kujcim fcioir mieyi gjam pijceb dieyik situ grieb fgsae% 

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 

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Bi`dir 4%98% Fcibri` Kirfceijctis Gea tg @iey -varsc Nmae# n% @iey tg @iey

Vcebkit muduebie dieyik ka dieyik taroifc ocki tcip kaoifcie pifi saduim aetctis ikie `a`pueyic dieyik muduebie faebie kaoifcie pifi aetctis jiceeyi% Dick fcjcmit firc scsc aetctis yieb parti`i `iupue fcjcmit firc scsc yieb kafui% Ngetgm ? Ifieyi rajisc ietiri aetctis `imiscswi faebie aetctis kujcim% Tajisceyi kcti darc ei`i ”dajioir–% Xifi rajisc cec* satcip `imiscswi fipit `a`pajioirc jadcm

firc situ `iti kujcim% Fa`ckcie oubi sadijckeyi* satcip `iti kujcim fipit fcpajioirc gjam jadcm firc situ grieb `imiscswi%

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Bi`dir 4%99% Fcibri` Kirfceijctis @iey tg @iey -varsc Nmae# 4%>%6%>% Egr`ijcsisc

Xrgsas egr`ijcsisc parti`i kijc fcparkaeijkie gjam A%L%Ngff* pifi timue 9324% Egr`ijcsisc sarceb fcjikukie sadibic suitu uoc ngdi pifi suitu rajisc saniri darkajieoutie uetuk `aeaetukie ipikim rajisc tarsadut sufim dick itiu `iscm `ajiebbir iturieiturie stiefir yieb fcdarjikukie pifi suitu rajisc yieb egr`ij -sufim fipit fcjikukie prgsas cesart* upfita* fajata* fie `gfcly pifi situ itiu dadaripi itrcdut tiepi `a`paebirumc cetabrctis fiti fiji` rajisc tarsadut#% Xrgsas egr`ijcsisc `arupikie `atgfa yieb lgr`ij'stiefir fiji` `aebcfaetclckisc fisir rajisc dibc prc`iry kayeyi -itiu niefcfita kay fiji` kisus DNEL#* fie fapaefaesc luebscgeij fcietiri itrcdutitrcdut firc rajisc tarsadut% Egr`ijcsisc ikie `a`dietu parienieb discsfiti faebie `aeyafcikie suitu uocngdi yieb darurut yieb fipit fcc`pja`aetisckie pifi muduebie cefcvcfuij* samcebbi ska`i rajisc fipit fcegr`ijcsisc kafiji` daetuk yieb jadcm spasclck uetuk `aebmcefirc taroifceyi arrgr itiu cekgescstaesc fiti* dcji fcjikukie upfita tarmifip rajisc tarsadut faebie ieg`ijy%

@aeurut Kaefijj , Kaefijj - 488<#* egr`ijcsisc ifijim Xrgsas uetuk `aebgrbiecsisc lcja uetuk `aebmcjiebkie brup aja`ae yieb darujiebujieb% @aeurut Jifoi`ufce -4881#* Egr`ijcsisc ifijim prgsas paebajg`pgkie fiti kafiji` daetuk tidaj itiu rajisc itiu lcja uetuk `aeyitikie aetctis fie muduebie `araki samcebbi tarwuouf situ daetuk fitidisa yieb `ufim uetuk fc`gfclckisc%

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Jiebkimjiebkim pa`daetukie egr`ijcsisc* -Jifoi`ufce*4881# ?

Bi`dir 4%94% JiebkimJiebkim Xa`daetukie Egr`ijcsisc i% Daetuk tcfik egr`ij - ueegr`ijczaf lgr`#

Daetuk cec `arupikie ku`pujie fiti yieb ikie fcraki`* tcfik ifi kamirusie `aebckutc lgr`it tartaetu* fipit sioi fiti tcfik jaebkip itiu tarfupjckisc% Fiti fcku`pujkie ipi ifieyi sasuic faebie siit `aebceput% Ngetgm ? EC^ Ei`i Ourusie Kf W@k @i tiWKu jcim Fgsa e Tuieb Ecjic 318 ^ truktur Fiti Tczij 484 I CK 421 I kueties c Mi`zim > 8> N 3 @ utci KI CK 42< I kueties c Mi`zim > 8> D KI 244 X arpioikie Fcfc >89 D CK 482 Kg `p %Varipie Mi`z im >8> I

Vidaj 4%>% Daetuk tcfik Egr`ij -Rcfcietc*4883# d% Daetuk egr`ij ka situ - lcrst egr`ij Lgr`'9EL#

Xifi timip cec fcjikukie paebmcjiebie dadaripi brup aja`ae yieb darujieb ibir `aeoifc situ mirbi tuebbij yieb darcetariksc fcietiri satcip dircs pifi suitu tidaj* fie satcip itrcdut mirus `a`pueyic ecjic fiti yieb itg`cn

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-darsclit itg`cn vijua#% Itg` ifijim zit tarkancj yieb `iscm `a`cjckc sclit cefukeyi* ocki fcpanim jibc `iki ci tcfik `a`cjckc sclit cefukeyi% ^yirit egr`ij kasitu -9EL# ? 9% ^atcip fiti fcdaetuk fiji` ljit lcja* fiti fcdaetuk fiji` situ rangrf fa`c situ rangrf ecjic firc lcajf darupi ”itg`cn vijua‐% 4% Vcfik ifi sat itrcdut yieb darujieb itiu darecjic biefi% >% Vajim fctaetukieeyi prc`iry kay uetuk tidaj'rajisc tarsadut% 6% Vcip itrcdut mieyi `a`cjckc situ paebartcie% Ngetgm ? EC^ 3 3 3

Ei`i I m` if I m` if @ utci @ utci @ utci

Ourusie CK CK KI KI KI

Kf W@k @i tiWKu jcim CK >18 ^ truktur Fiti CK 421 I kueties c CK 42< I kueties c KI 244 X arpioikie CK 482 Kg`p%Varipie

Fgsa e Tczij Mi`zim Mi`zim Fcfc Mi`zim

Tuieb Ecjic 484 I > 8> N > 8> D >89 D >8> I

Vidaj 4%6% Daetuk Egr`ij Kasitu -Rcfcietc*4883# n% Daetuk egr`ij kafui - ^angef egr`ij Lgr`'4EL#

Daetuk egr`ij kafui fcfisirc gjam kgesap lujj luentcgeij fapaefaeny -katarbietuebie luebscgeij sapaeumeyi# yieb fipit fcfalcecsckie sadibic darckut? Ocki I fie D ifijim itrcdutitrcdut firc suitu rajisc* D fckitikie lujj luentcgeij fapaefaeny -katarbietuebie luebscgeij sapaeumeyi# tarmifip I* ocki D ifijim

tarbietueb

luebscgeij

tarmifip

I*

tatipc

tcfik

saniri

tapit

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katarbietuebie luebscgeij firc sudsat -mc`pueie dibcie# firc I% Daetuk egr`ij kafui `a`uebkcekie suitu rajisc `a`cjckc ng`pgscta kay* yictu rajisc faebie prc`iry kay yieb tarfcrc firc fui itiu jadcm itrcdut% ^uitu rajisc yieb `a`cjckc scebja itrcdut uetuk prc`iry kayeyi saniri gtg`itcs pifi ikmcreyi `aeoifc 4EL% ^yirit egr`ij kafui -4EL# ? 9% Daetuk fiti tajim `a`aeumc krctarci daetuk egr`ij kasitu% 4% Itrcdut dukie kuenc - egekay# mirusjim `a`cjckc katarbietuebie luebscgeij sapaeumeyi -lujj luentcgeij fapaefaeny# pifi prc`iry kay%

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^amcebbi uetuk `a`daetuk egr`ij kafui mirusjim sufim fctaetukie prc`iry kayeyi% Xrc`iry kay tarsadut mirusjim jadcm safarmiei* jadcm ueck* fipit

`awikcjc itrcdut jice yieb `aeoifc iebbgtieyi fie jadcm sarceb fcbueikie pifi tidaj ' rajisc tarsadut% Ngetgm ? Vidaj ^cswi EC^

Ei` i

Ourus ie

3
CK

3

KI

@u tci

Vidaj Fgsae Kf W@k @i tiWKu jcim Fgsa e Tuieb CK >18 ^t rukt ur Fiti Tczi j 484 CK 421 I k ueties c Mi`z im >8> K I 244 X arpioik ie Fcfc >89 CK 482 Kg `p %Varipi e Mi `zi m >8 >

Vidaj Tabcstrisc EC^ 3 3

KfW@ k Ecjic C K >18 I C K 421 N C K 421 D KI 244 D

3 C K 482

I

Vidaj 4%1% Daetuk Egr`ij Kafui -Rcfcietc*4883# f% Daetuk egr`ij katcbi - Vmcrf egr`ij Lgr`'>EL#

Rijiupue rajisc 4EL `a`cj ckc rafufiesc yieb jadcm safckct fircpifi rajisc 9EL* ei`ue rajisc tarsadut `iscm `uebkce `aebiji`c kaefiji dcji taroifc ieg`ijc para`ioiie -upfita# tarmifip rajisc tarsadut% ^yirit egr`ij katcbi ->EL# ? 9% Daetuk fiti tajim `a`aeumc krctarci daetuk egr`ij kafui% 4% Itrcdut dukie kuenc - egekay# mirusjim tcfik `a`cjckc katarbietuebie triesctcl* faebie kiti jice suitu itrcdut dukie kuenc -egekay# tcfik dgjam `a`cjckc katarbietuebie luebscgeij -luentcgeij fapaefieny # tarmifip itrcdut dukie kuenc jiceeyi* sajurum itrcdut dukie kuenc pifi suitu rajisc mieyi `a`cjckc katarbietuebie luebscgeij tarmifip prc`iry kay fc rajisc ctu sioi%

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Ngetgm ? Vidaj ^cswi EC^

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Ecjic I N D D I

Vidaj Fgsae Kf W@k @i tiWKu jcim CK >18 ^tr ukt ur Fi ti CK 421 Ik ueties c KI 244 Xa rpioiki e CK 48 2 Kg`p %Varip ie

Fgsa e Tczi j Mi`z im Fcfc Mi `zim

Vidaj Tuieb Fgsa e Tczij Mi`zi m

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Fcfc

>89

Vidaj 4%<% Daetuk Egr`ij Katcbi -Rcfcietc*4883# a% DgynaNgff Egrr`ij Lgr` -DNEL#

^uitu rajisc fiji` discs fiti mirus fcrienieb safa`ckcie rupi samcebbi `araki tcfik `a`cjckc katarbietuebie sadibcie -pirtcij fapaefaeny#* `iupue katarbietuebie triesctcl -triesctcva fapaefaeny#% DgynaNgff Egrr`ij Lgr` -DNEL#

fcfisirc

pifi

dadaripi

katarbietuebie

luebscgeij

- luentcgeij

fapaefaencas# fiji` suitu rajisc yieb `ajcditkie sajurum niefcfita kay fcfiji`

rajisc tarsadut% Ocki suitu rajisc mieyi `a`cjckc situ niefcfita kay* `iki miscj uoc egr`ijcsisc si`pic kadaetuk egr`ij katcbi sufim cfaetck faebie DgynaNgff Egrr`ij Lgr` -DNEL#% ^uitu rajisc fckitikie tajim `a`aeumc krctarci DgynaNgff Egrr`ij Lgr`

-DNEL#* ocki fie mieyi ocki satcip fatar`ceie ifijim suitu niefcfita kay% Dgyna

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Ngff Egrr`ij Lgr` -DNEL# tcfik `aebmiruskie suitu rajisc mirus sufim fiji`

daetuk egr`ij katcbi ->EL#* diru dcsi fcduitkie kafiji` DNEL% Gjam kiraei ctu uetuk `ajikukie uoc DNEL mieyi faebie `aebcfaetclckisc sajurum fatar`ceie yieb ifi pifi suitu rajisc* jiju pistckie fatar`ceiefatar`ceie tarsadut ifijim niefcfita kay% ^amcebbi dcsi fckitikie dimwi DNEL jadcm dick firc daetuk

egr`ij katcbi ->EL#* faebie fa`ckcie satcip rajisc fcfiji` DNEL oubi `arupikie rajisc fiji` >EL* tatipc tcfik sadijckeyi* suittu rajisc fiji` >EL daju` taetu `arupikie rajisc fiji` DNEL% 4%6%

Cetariksc @ieusci fie Kg`putar

@aeurut _ikirci , Xrcogeg -4882#* falcecsc firc Cetariksc @ieusci fie Kg`putar -C@K# ifijim saduim dcfieb cj`u yieb `a`pajioirc dibic`iei `aefasice* `aebavijuisc fie `aearipkie -c`pja`aetisc# cetariksc ietiri `ieusci fie kg`putar% Ifipue luebsc firc C@K ifijim `aebgptc`isckie parlgr`iesc ietiri `ieusci faebie kg`putar sadibic suitu scsta`% 4%6%9% Ka`i`puie paebbueiie - Qsidcjcty#

Xartc`diebie pa`ikic fie jcebkuebie `aebbueikie suitu `asce -scsta` kg`putar#* yictu ibir `asce tarsadut fipit `ajikukie dadaripi luebsc% Xaebbuei darmirip siit `aebbueikie `asce* `araki tcfik tarjiju dieyik darifiptisc faebie `asce ctu% Gjam kiraei ctu* saduim `asce samiruseyi fcfasice saiji`c `uebkce fie `aeirck uetuk fcpajioirc% Xcrietc `isukie yieb darluebsc uetuk `a`isukie fiti kafiji` `asce* fcrienieb dukie mieyi sakafir pcrietc `isukie tatipc ispak ”usidcjcty– `aeoifc mij pgkgk% Dabctu oubi faebie pcrietc kajuirie

fcrienieb uetuk `a`ufimkie paebbuei `a`dini itiu `ajcmit miscj yieb fckaroikie gjam `asce tarsadut% Dadaripi mij yieb `aeyiebkut usidcjcty* -_ikirci , Xrcogeg* 4882# ? i% Ka`i`puie pa`dajioirie - jaireidcjcty# d% Vgjgk ukur kajuirie - trgubmput# n% Kajuwasie - ljaxcdcjcty# f% Xarcjiku - ittctufa#

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4%6%4% Kgesakuaesc cetarlina yieb duruk

Dadaripi mij fcdiwim cec ifijim fcikcditkie durukeyi parieniebie suitu cetarlina ?

i% @aecebkiteyi kasijimie fiji` pa`isukie fiti fie scsta` paebgpariscie% d% Vcfik dcsi fciksaseyi suitu luebsc% n% Kalrustiscie pa`ikic ; prgfuktclctis yieb raefim itiu pa`ieliitie yieb raefim% f% Bibijeyi suitu scsta` fcsadidkie gjam paegjikie pa`ikic% 4%6%>% Dcfieb cj`u yieb tarkict C@K

Dadaripi cj`u paebatimuie yieb tarkict C@K* ifijim -_ikirci , Xrcogeg* 4882# ? i% Cj`u Kg`putar d% Ngbectcva Xsynmgjgby ' Xa`imi`ie Xsckgjgbc n% Arbgeg`ck f% ^gscgjgbc 4%6%6% Kgetaks C@K

Ngetgm suksas prgfuk yieb `a`cjckc C@K yieb dick cijim BQC -Bripmcnij Qsar Cetarlina#* yieb sakirieb sufim u`u` sapartc paebbueiie wcefgws* cnge* `gusa* pgcetar% Firc paeajctcie* tarjcmit dimwi BQC `a`cjckc

kauetuebie fcdiefcebkie faebie Cetarlina `gfa taks - ng``ief frcvae# *yictu -_ikirci , Xrcogeg* 4882# ? i% Vubis pa`ikic jadcm napit sajasic% d% Vcebkit lrustisc rajitcl jadcm raefim% n% Xaeurueie kajadcmie taeibi% f% Xa`ikic `ufim uetuk dajioir saefcrc* samcebbi `aeuruekie dciyi pajitcmie% a% Xa`ikic dcis `a`pajioirc jadcm dieyik ka`i`puie suitu ipjckisc% 4%6%1% Xiefuie @arienieb C@K

Varfipit dadaripi piefuie fiji` `arienieb C@K* ifijim -_ikirci , Xrcogeg* 4882# ? i% Kgescstaesc „ cetareij* akstareij* fie fueci eyiti% d% Kasasuicie faebie miripie paebbuei%

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n% Ljakscdaj fie tarkgetrgj% f% ^usueie yieb daeir% a% Q`pie dijck yieb celgr`itcl fie darkascei`duebie% l% Xaenabimie fie pardickie kasijimie% b% Fukuebie fie fgku`aetisc pa`ikic% m% Kaoajisie vcsuij saniri jgock fie rajavie% 4%1%

Dimisi Xa`rgbri`ie

Fiji` parieniebie itiupue paeba`diebie suitu scsta`* taetueyi tcfik japis firc kadutumie ikie dimisi pa`rgbri`ie% Fiji` pajiksieiieeyi* taetueyi ikie fcsasuickie dimisi pa`rgbri`ie ipi yieb ikie fcpikic uetuk `a`diebue scsta` tarsadut% 4%1%9% ^YJ - ^trunturaf Yuary Jiebuiba#

TFD@^ ifijim prgbri` kg`putar yieb fcrienieb uetuk paebajgjiie fiti faebie `ajikukie paeyc`pieie* pa`diruie fie paebi`dcjie fiti% ^YJ ifijim dimisi kmusus yieb fcbueikie uetuk `aebiksas fie `aebajgji TFD@^% Dimisi ^YJ tajim fcstiefirkie* ei`ue fa`ckcie tajim darka`dieb dieyik vircie fie daetuk sasuic faebie kadutumie vaefgr TFD@^% ^YJ ifijim dimisi yieb `ujieyi dargrcaetisc pifi discs fiti rajiscgeij% Dimisi cec `aebmcjiebkie dieyik pakaroiie yieb parju fcjikukie pa`rgbri` ' paeba`dieb darkictie faebie gpariscgparisc tarmifip fiti dcji fcdiefceb faebie `aebbueikie dimisi baearijpurpgsa% ^YJ ifijim dimisi yieb `aebbiduebkie lcturlctur dimisi quary lgr`ij ijoidir rajiscgeij fie dimisi quary lgr`ij kijkujus rajiscgeij% @askc ^YJ fcinu sadibic dimisi quary - yictu

dimisi yieb `a`ceti fiti # ei`ue sasuebbumeyi ^YJ dukie mieyi sakafir dimisi uetuk quary tarmifip discsfiti% ^YJ oubi darcsc liscjctis uetuk paefalcecscie struktur fiti* `gfclckisc struktur fiti fie fiti fc discsfiti* sarti oubi fcbueikie uetuk `aespasclckisckie kgestricekgestrice cetabrctis fie kai`ieie%

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@aeurut Eubrgmg -4881#* pardafiie ietiri ^YJ fie @y^YJ ifijim sadimic darckut ? ^YJ ifijim saduim dimisi par`cetiie fitidisa yieb tarstruktur% Dimisi ^YJ fcduit sadibic dimisi yieb fipit `arajisckie dadaripi tidaj fiji` fitidisa `iupue `arajisckie ietir fitidisa% Dimisi ^YJ fctujcs jiebsueb

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XMX -XMX ? Mypartaxt Xraprgnassgr# ifijim dimisi pa`rgbri`ie snrcptceb scsc sarvar -sarvarscfa#* dimisi pa`rgbri`ie yieb fcbueikie gjam wad sarvar uetuk `aebmiscjkie fgku`ae MV@J saniri getmaljy% XMX `arupikie cetarpratar yieb fipit fcaksakusc sadibic prgbri` NBC uetuk wad sarvar itiu

fcoifckie `gfuj firc wad sarvar%

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XMX tajim tarsafci pifi mi`pcr sa`ui scsta` gparisc oircebie yieb `aeyafccikie wad sarvar taruti`i wad sarvar Ipinma% Rad sarvar dardiscs Rcefgws ege Ipinma oubi tajim `aefukuebeyi* sapartc @^ CC^* XR^* itiu ]cti`c* firc Rcefgws 3='@A si`pic faebie Rcefgws EV 6'4888 fie ]X% Xgrtidcjctis ipjckisc yieb fcka`diebkie faebie `aebbueikie XMX jadcm

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Kgetrgj Xieaj yieb darluebsc uetuk `aebajgji jiyieie -sarvcna# ]I@XX%

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Xifi timip parti`i sckjus mcfup paeba`diebie scsta` cec* paebieijcscs `aebcfaetclckisc `isijim* pajuieb fie tuouie yieb maefik fcnipic% Vimip cec siebit paetceb dibc kadarmiscjie prgyak* kiraei tcfik sagriebpue yieb cebce `a`duiebduieb wiktu kijiu tuouie `isijim yieb kajcru -Kaefij*488<#% >%9%9%

Cfaetclckisc @isijim

Vimip parti`i cec darirtc dimwi paebieijcscs `ajcmit faebie ouour pifi ipi yieb tarroifc fcfiji` dcsecs% Ka`ufcie* darsi`isi`i faebie iebbgti grbiecsisc jice* paebieijcscs `aeaetukie faebie tapit `isijim`isijim tarsadut -Kaefij*488<#% Xifi timip cec tarjadcm fimuju fcjikukie survay ka jipiebie -jgkisc# saniri jiebsueb uetuk `ajcmit fie `ajikukie wiwieniri prgsas dcsecs yieb taroifc pifi paebajgjiie fiti nutc fie tukir fceis gparitgr yieb fckajgji gjam dibcie kapabiwicie% Cfaetclckisc `isijim fcfimujuc faebie `aeburickie kadutumie grbiecsisc tarmifip scsta` yieb ikie fcrienieb ibir paeaetuie `isijim yieb tc`duj fipit `a`aeumc miripie kadutumie scsta`% i%

Kadutumie Grbiecsisc

XV% Cefgeasci Xgwar Qect Dcsecs Xa`diebkctie Ki`goieb `arupikie pa`diebkct taeibi jcstrck yieb `aebbueikie aearbc pieis du`c sadibic paebbarik uti`i% QDX Ki`goieb `a`pueyic > -tcbi# ^ud Qect Dcsecs Xa`diebkctie* yictu? ^ud QDX Ki`goieb* ^ud QDX Firioit* fie ^ud QDX Bueueb ^ijik%

<4

QDX Ki`goieb `ujic dargparisc faebie fcras`ckieeyi Qect C gjam Xrascfae ^gamirtg* pifi 2 Ladruirc 93=>% Fcsusuj Qect CC fie CCC pifi dujie Oujc fie Egva`dar 93=2% Fcjieoutkie faebie pa`diebueie ^ud QDX Firioit yieb fcsajasickie pifi timue 933>% Ka`ufcie `aeyusuj ^ud QDX Bueueb ^ijik yieb tarfcrc firc Qect C -9336#* Qect CC -9331#* sarti Qect CCC -9332#% ^ud Qect Dcsecs Xa`diebkctie Firioit `aebajgji situ uect `asce pa`diebkct faebie kipisctis 11 @abi Ritt* yieb ckut darparie sarti fiji` `a`isgk kadutumie aearbc jcstrck fc Oiwi Dijc% \csc XV%Cefgeasci Xgwar

\csc ifijim ru`usie u`u` `aebaeic kaifiie yieb fccebcekie pifi ikmcr parcgfa paraenieiie% \csc firc XV% Cefgeasci Xgwar ifijim `aeoifc parusimiie pudjck faebie kcearoi kajis fueci fie darsimidit faebie jcebkuebie% @csc XV%Cefgeasci Xgwar

@csc ifijim ru`usie u`u`

`aebaeic upiyiupiyi yieb ikie

fcjiksieikie uetuk `awuoufkie vcsc% @csc firc XV% Cefge asci Xgwar ifijim `ajikukie usimi fiji` dcfieb kataeibijcstrckie fie `aeba`diebkie usimi usimi jiceeyi yieb darkictie* darfisirkie kicfim cefustrc fie ecibi yieb samit* buei `aeoi`ce kadarifiie fie paeba`diebie parusimiie fiji` oiebki pieoieb% Vuouie XV%Cefgeasci Xgwar

9% @aencptikie `akiecs`a paecebkitie alascaesc yieb tarus`aearus fiji` paebbueiie su`dar fiyi parusimiie% 4% @aecebkitkie partu`dumie parusimiie saniri darkascei`duebie faebie dartu`pu pifi usimi paeyafciie taeibi jcstrck fie siriei paeueoieb yieb dargrcaetisc pifi par`cetiie pisir yieb darwiwisie jcebkuebie% >% @aencptikie ka`i`puie fie pajuieb uetuk `a`pargjam paefieiie firc dardibic su`dar yieb sijceb `aebuetuebkie% 6% @aebgparisckie pa`diebkct taeibi jcstrck saniri kg`patctcl sarti `aenipic stiefir kajis fuci fiji` mij kai`ieie* kaiefijie* alcscaesc `iupue kajastircie jcebkuebie%

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1% @aeba`diebkie dufiyi parusimiie yieb samit fcitis sijceb `aebmirbic ietir kiryiwie fie `ctri karoi* sarti `aefgrgeb tarus kakgkgmie cetabrctis prcdifc fie prglascgeijcs`a% ^truktur Grbiecsisc XV%Cefgeasci Xgwar ^ud Qect XJVX Firioit

^truktur Grbiecsisc XV%Cefgeasci Xgwar ^ud Qect XJVX Firioit tarfcrc firc 9 -situ# @ieioar Qect* > -tcbi# suparvcsgr saecgr* 1 -jc`i# suparvcsgr faebie dadaripi pajiksiei% Dibie ^truktur Grbiecsisc XV%Cefgeasci Xgwar ^ud Qect XJVX Firioit ifijim sadibic darckut ?

Bi`dir >%9% ^truktur Grbiecsisc XV%Cefgeasci Xgwar ^QDX Firioit

Qetuk `aebajgji fiti pabiwic fc XV%Cefgeasci Xgwar ^ud Qect XJVX Firioit cec* fcparjukie parmitcie kmusus fiji` pajiksieiieeyi% ^ijim situeyi ifijim fiji` paebajgjiie par`gmgeie czce nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic% Xaebajgjiie par`gmgeie czce nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic yieb `iscm

<6

kgevaescgeij* daju` `a`ieliitkie takegjgbc kg`putar yieb `iksc`ij fie faebie katarditisie su`dar fiyi `ieusci* tareyiti `a`pueyic paebirum yieb dasir tarmifip kajienirie prgsas firc par`gmgeie czce nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic yieb taroifc fc parusimiie cec% d%

@isijim yieb fipit f ccfaetclckisc

Dadaripi kaefiji itiu par`isijimie yieb `uenuj firc niri paebajgjiie par`gmgeie czce nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic yieb taroifc saji`i cec* `aeyadidkie prgsas par`gmgeie czce nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic `aeoifc daroijie faebie kurieb jienir% Ifipue dadaripi kaefiji itiu par`isijimie yieb fcmifipc saji`i cec fipit fcurickie sadibic darckut ? 9% ^csta` parczceie pabiwic yieb daroijie sakirieb `iscm darsclit `ieuij fie fcpiefieb kurieb alaktcl sarti kurieb alcscae% 4% If`cecstrisc parczceie pabiwic daju` tarcetabrisc fiji` situ scsta` celgr`isc dardiscs kg`putarcsisc% >% ^urit par`gmgeie czce sarceb tarji`dit fctarc`i ka`dijc gjam pabiwic pa`gmge% 6% Celgr`isc par`gmgeie czce pabiwic sarceb tarji`dit si`pic ka dibcie kapabiwicie% >%9%4% Cfaetclckisc Xajuieb

Xajuieb ifijim sctuisc fc`iei paebieijcscs yikce dimwi paecebkitie dcsi fcjikukie `ajijuc paebbueiie scsta` celgr`isc tarkg`putarcsisc% @aebukur pajuieb `a`uebkcekie dcsecs uetuk `aenipic scsc kg`patctcl itiu `aeyusue stiefirstiefir cefustrc -Kaefijj*488<#% ^ajice pajuieb* ifi dadaripi mij paetceb yieb fipit fcp artc`diebkie fiji` `ajikukie ieijcscs fie paraenieiie scsta`* yictu kakuitie* kaja`imie fie tietiebie% A`pit mij cec taetueyi ikie `a`dietu fiji` `aeaetukie mijmij yieb dcsi fcnipic fie mijmij yieb `a`arjukie parmitcie fiji` parieniebie scsta` yieb fckamaefikc* yieb fcietirieyi ifijim ?

<1

i% Kakuitie 

Xariebkit karis kg`putar fc Kietgr XV%Cefgeasci Xgwar ^ud Qect XJVX Firioit cec sufim fipit fckitikie sadibic ijit dietu yieb uti`i fie `aeaetukie fiji` `aeoijiekie pakaroiie samircmirc piri pabiwiceyi%



^ufim tarmuduebeyi kg`putarkg`putar situ si`i jice fiji` situ oircebie* `iki mij ctu ikie siebit `aefukueb tarmifip raeniei parieniebie scsta` celgr`isc parczceie pabiwic fiji` jcebkuebie cetrieat parusimiie cec% itiu Qsar yieb tarfipit fc jcebkuebie Kietgr XV%Cefgeasci

 Dricewira

Xgwar ^ud Qect XJVX Firioit cec* `arupikie pabiwicpabiwic yieb sufim `aebaeij fie `a`parbueikie kg`putar fiji` pakaroiie rutceeyi% Mij cec ikie `aeoifc `gfij fisir fiji` paebgpariscie scsta` yieb eietceyi ikie fc`ieliitkie uetuk `a`parjienir prgsas par`gmgeie czce nutc fie tukir fceis piri pabiwic% d% Kaja`imie 

Oircebie kg`putar yieb tajim tardiebue tcfik fc`ieliitkie saniri `iksc`ij gjam sajurum pabiwic%



Dcji tarfipit biebbuie pifi scsta` kg`putar itiupue oircebie kg`putar*



`iki pabiwic tcfik dcsi `ajikukie pakaroiieeyi% Kasifirie pabiwic yieb kurieb fiji` mij tartcd if`cecstrisc%



Xarienieb scsta` `iscm daju` darpaebiji`ie fiji` pa`duitie ipjckisc fc parusimiie%

n% Xajuieb 

Xariebkit jueik yieb fipit fcta`ukie fie fcfipit faebie `ufim fie rajitcl `urim* siebit `aefukueb tarmifip raeniei parieniebie scsta` yieb maefik fcdiebue cec%



Katartirckie pabiwic fiji` `aebbueikie scsta` tarkg`putarcsisc yieb `a`iebkis wiktu fie taeibi fiji` mij par`gmgeie czce%



Xrgbri` parusimiie fiji` `ajikukie alaktclctis fie alcscaesc fiji` sabiji dcfieb%

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f% Ieni`ie 

Kadcoikie firc pc`pceie* yieb `aeaetukie scsta` yieb fcdiebue



Varfipit dieyik kgesujtie yieb `a`duit ipjckisc scsta` yieb sufim

eietceyi fcpikic itiu tcfik fiji` pakaroiie samircmirc%

darpaebiji`ie% Miscj ieijcscs darfisirkie ispak kakuitie* kaja`imie* pajuieb* fie ieni`ie fcitis* mij yieb pijceb `aefisir fie siebit darpaebirum ikie tarjiksieieyi pa`diebueie scsta` celgr`isc parczceie pabiwic cec ifijim kadcoikie firc sagrieb pc`pceie% Kiraei firc kadcoikie pc`pceie cecjim yieb `aeaetukie scsta` parczceie pabiwic cec dcsi fcdiebue fie fcipjckisckie fiji` pakaroiie samircmirc pabiwic fc jcebkuebie XV%Cefgeasci Xgwar QDX Ki`goieb ^ud Qect XJVX Firioit% >%9%>% Cfaetclckisc Vuo uie

@aebcfaetclckisc tuouie `aeoifc sijim situ kg`pg eae yieb tarpaetceb fiji` timip cec% ^adibic`iei yieb tarpipir fiji` Did C* tuouie firc parieniebie prgbri` ipjckisc czce pabiwic dardiscs oircebie fiji` jcebkuebie cetrieat parusimiie cec* ifijim ? i%

@a`duit scsta` celgr`isc `ieioa`ae parczceie pabiwic%

d%

If`cecstrisc parczceie pabiwic fipit tarcetabrisc faebie dick* samcebbi celgr`isc taetieb parczceie pabiwic tarfipit fiji` situ scsta` celgr`isc dardiscs kg`putarcsisc%

n%

@ajikukie alcscaesc wiktu parczceie pabiwic* `ujic firc pabiwic pa`gmge si`pic ka pcmik kapabiwicie%

>%4%

@aeaetukie ^yirit^yirit celgr`isc

Xifi timip cec* yieb ikie fcjikukie ifijim `aeaetukie syiritsyirit celgr`isc* celgr`isc yieb dick mirus `a`cjckc syiritsyirit* fcietirieyi ifijim ? i% Kanapitie fie ka`ufimie - I`syim* 4881#% d% Ikurisc fiti fie celgr`isc - Litiesyim* 4884#% >%4%9% Kanapitie fie Ka`ufimie

Xifi prgsas par`gmgeie czce nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic yieb safieb daroijie siit cec `iscm `aebbueikie niriniri kgevaescgeij* yieb `iei dcsi

<2

taroifceyi kaefiji gpariscgeij* uetuk `aebitisc mij tarsadut `iki ikie fcrienieb firc saduim scsta` `ieuij `aeoifc scsta` dardiscs kg`putarcsisc faebie `a`ieliitkie

discsfiti

yieb

`a`uebkcekie

fipit

`aeeyc`pie

fiti*

`ajikukie parudimie tarmifip fiti faebie napit* tapit fie ikurit* `aei`pcjkie ka`dijc fiti tarsadut faebie jadcm napit fie `ufim% ^arti faebie pa`ieliitie oircebie kg`putar* fc`iei prgsas par`gmgeie dcsi fcjikukie pifi kg`putar fc ruiebie `isceb`isceb pabiwic* faebie miripie ? i% Xarieniebie suitu scsta` diru mirus fipit `a`aeumc kadutumie paebbuei% d% ^csta` yieb diru mirus `i`pu `a`darckie kanapitie fiji` prgsas par`gmgeie par`gmgeie czce nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic% n% ^csta` yieb diru mirus `i`pu `a`darckie kanapitie fiji` prgsas paebgjimie fiti fie ka`ufimie fiji` prgsas paenititie fiti% >%4%4% Ikurisc Fiti fie Celgr`isc

Mi`pcr fiji` sa`ui ispak pariebkit kg`putar fiji` saduim parusimiie itiu grbiecsisc saeietcisi darmuduebie faebie discsfiti% Xa`ieliitie discsfiti fipit `a`uebkcekie uetuk dcsi `aeyc`pie fiti itiu `ajikukie parudimie tarmifip fiti itiu `aei`pcjkie ka`dijc fiti tarsadut faebie jadcm napit fie `ufim% Kaikuritie fiti fie celgr`isc mirus sasuic faebie kadutumie scsta`% Xarieniebie scsta` yieb dardiscs kg`putarcsisc cec* `arupikie sgjusc `isijim yieb fcmifipc* fc`iei `isijim tarsadut ifijim fiji` mij paebiksasie fiti fie celgr`isc yieb fcparjukie sarceb taroifc kamcjiebie fiti% ^arti prgsas par`gmgeie czce nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic yieb `a`dutumkie wiktu ji`i* kiraei fcjikukie saniri kgevaescgeij fc`iei lgr`ujcr par`gmgeie dcsi `aebaefip fc sijim situ pa`darc czce yieb darwaeieb% ^amcebbi faebie scsta` celgr`isc parczceie pabiwic fiji` jcebkuebie cetrieat parusimiie yieb fcka`diebkie cec* fcmiripkie fipit ? i% @a`ufimkie fiji` paenircie fiti fie celgr`isc yieb fcparjukie gjam sa`ui pcmik yieb tarjcdit% d% @a`parnapit prgsas par`gmgeie czce nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic* samcebbi tcfik taroifc paeuefiie nutc itiu tukir fceis pabiwic yieb fcsadidkie surit par`gmgeie daju` fcsatuouc%

<=

n% @a`parnapit prgsas par`gmgeie czce nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic* samcebbi fiti dcsi jadcm napit si`pic ka dibcie kapabiwicie% >%>%

@aebieijcscs Kadutumie ^csta`

Vimip darckuteyi ifijim `aebieijcscs kadutumiekadutumie scsta`% Xariebkit fie takecktakeck tartaetu ikie `a`dietu paebieijcscs fiji` `aeaetukie kadutumie% Xariebkit yieb fc`iksuf ifijim paebbueiie fcibri` ijcrie fiti uetuk `aeyusue filtir ceput* prgsas* fie gutput luebsc dcsecs fiji` daetuk brilck tarstruktur% >%>%9%

Ieijcsi Ceput

Fgku`ae `isukie firc scsta` par`gmgeie nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic yieb safieb daroijie ifijim sadibic darckut ? i% Fgku`ae `isukie par`gmgeie nu tc pab iwic%

Fgku`ae `isukie yieb darmuduebie faebie prgsas par`gmgeie nutc pabiwic* tarfcrc firc 4 -fui# lgr`ujcr% Lgr`ujcr parti`i ifijim lgr`ujcr katariebie tcfik `isuk karoi fie yieb kafui ifijim lgr`ujcr par`gmgeie nutc pabiwic% Kafui lgr`ujcr tarsadut fipit fcjcmit pifi bi`dir fc diwim cec ?

<3

Bi`dir >%4% Fgku ae @isukie Katariebie tcfik @isuk Karoi



Darckut ifijim paeoajisi firc bi`dir fccitis ? Eg`gr* ifijim eg`gr urut n tc -fccsc gjam pcmik kapabiwicie#



Ei`i pabiwic* ifijim cfaetctis ei`i pabiwic yieb tcfik `isuk karoi%



Dibcie'^aksc'Qrusie* ifijim dibcie'saksc'urusie ta`pit pabiwic dakaroi%



Qect situie* ifijim uect situ e pabiwic dakaroi%



Vcfik `isuk karoi tbj* ifiji wiktu -tiebbij# pabiwic tcfik `isuk karoi%



^adid tcfik `isuk karoi* ifijim ijisie paeyadid tcfik `isuk karoi% Fcc c



Katariebie* surit katariebi paeyadid tcfik `isuk karoi%

faebie oaecs nutc yieb fci` cj%

28

Bi`dir >%>% Fgku` e @isukie Xar`gmgeie Nutc Xabiwic

Darckut ifijim paeoajisi firc bi`dir fccitis ? 

Ei`i Xabiwic'Eg%cefuk* i ijim cfaetctis ei`i pabiwic yieb `aebiouki e nutc%



Xiebkit'bgjgebie'brifa* if jim piebkit'bgjgebie'brifa firc pabiwic yieb `aebioukie nutc%



Oiditie'saksc* ifijim oiditie'saksc firc pabiwic yieb `aebioukie nutc%



Viebbij pajiksieiie nutc'czce* ifijim wiktu -tiebbij# pabiwic `ajiksieiki e nutc%

29



Iji`it saji`i nutc* ifijim iji`it pabiwic saji`i `ajiksieikie nutc% Faebie tuouie supiyi parusimiie `ufim `aebmuduebc pabiwic ipidcji `aefifik fcdutumkie* dcisieyi fcnietu`kie oubi eg`gr tajpge yieb dcsi fcmuduebc%



Ijisie nutc* ifijim paeyadid `aebioukie nutc%

d% Fgku`ae `isukie par`gmgeie tukir fceis gparitgr%

Xifi prgsas paebiouie tukir fceis* prgsas fc`ujic firc 4 grieb pabiwic yieb dardafi rabu smclt `aebioukie par`gmgeie tukir fceis yieb fc katck saniri `ieuij

`aebbueikie

@s%Rgrf%

^urit

par`gmgeie

tarsadut*

satajim

fctiefitiebiec gjam kafui grieb pabiwic yieb ikie `ajikukie tukir fceis tarsadut jiju fcsarimkie ka itisie `isceb`isceb firc pabiwic yieb ikie `ajiksieikie tukir fceis% ^atajim `aefipit parsatuouie firc itisie `isceb `isceb* jiju `a`ceti parsatuouie suparvcsgr saecgr gparisc% ^atajim `aefipit parsatuouie* darkis yieb tajim fctiefitiebiec tarsadut fc diwi ka dibcie kapabiwicie uetuk fc`isukie ka Fiti Disa fie fcparbueikie uetuk jipgrie idsaesc% Fiji` mij yieb `aebioukie par`gmgeie nutc itiu tukir fceis ifijim satcebkit suparvcsgr ka itis* `iki paoidit yieb darwaeieb `aegjik itiu `aeyatuouc ifijim itisieeyi dartcebkit si`pic ka tcebkit `ieioar% Lgr`ujcr par`gmgeie tukir fceis gparitgr fipit fcjcmit sapartc bi`dir fc diwim cec ?

24

Bi`dir >%% Fgku`ae @isukie Xar`gmgeie Vukir Fceis Gparitgr

2>

Fiji` bi`dir fcitis tarfcrc firc kgjg`kgjg` sadibic darckut ?              

Eg* ifijim uetuk `aenitit eg`gr urut% Ei`i pabiwic yieb fcbietc* ifijim ei`i firc pabiwic yieb ikie fcbietc fiji` tukir fceis% Tabu -pabiwic yieb fcbietc#* ifijim ei`i rabu firc pabiwic yieb fcbietc% Ijisie tukir fceis* ifijim ijisie pabiwic yieb fcbietc itiu pabiwic paebbietc `aebioukie tukir fceis% Viefi tiebie yieb fcbietc* ifijim tiefi tiebie pabiwic yieb fcbietc sadibic tiefi parsatuouie% Ei`i pabiwic paebbietc* ifijim ei`i firc pabiwic paebbietc fiji` tukir fceis% Tabu -pabiwic paebbietc#* ifijim ei`i rabu firc pabiwic yieb paebbietc% Viefi tiebie paebbietc* ifijim tiefi tiebie pabiwic paebbietc sadibic tiefi parsatuouie% Mirc fceis yiebfcbietc* ifijim ei`i mirc firc fceis yieb fcbietc% Viebbij fceis yieb fcbietc* ifijim wiktu -tiebbij# fceis yieb fcbietc% Fceis yieb fcbietc -smclt#* ifijim ei`i fceis'smclt yieb fcbietc% Mirc fceis uetuk `aebbietc* ifijim ei`i mirc firc fceis uetuk `aebbietc% Viebbij fceis uetuk `aebbietc* ifijim wiktu -tiebbij# fceis uetuk `aebbietc% Fceis uetuk `aebbietc* ifijim ei`i fceis'smclt uetuk `aebbietc%

>%>%4% Xrgsas D csecs

Xrgsas dcsecs yieb taroifc fiji` par`gmgeie nutc pabiwic fie par`gmgeie tukir fceis gparitgr `ajcditkie saou`jim pabiwic yieb darwaeieb fiji` `aeyatuouc itiupue `aegjik par`gmgeie nutc pabiwic itiu par`gmgeie tukir fceis gparitgr% Xrgsas dcsecs yieb safieb daroijie uetuk par`gmgeie nutc pabiwic fipit fcjcmit pifi bi`dir >%1% fie bi`dir >%<%

26

Bi`dir >%1%Ljgw`ip Xrgsas Xaebiouie Nutc yieb ^afieb Daroijie

21

Bi`dir >%<%Ljgw`ip Xrgsas Xaebiouie Nutc yieb ^afieb Daroijie -jieou tie#

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Ifipue faskrcpsc scsta` prgsas paebiouie nutc yieb safieb daroijie ifijim sadibic darckut ? i% Xabiwic `aebioukie par`gmgeie nutc sasuic faebie dcfieb karoi fie oaeoieb oiditieeyi% d% Darkis par`gmgeie nutc yieb tajim fctiefitiebiec pa`gmge* fcsarimkie kapifi itisie jiebsueb pa`gmge* jiju ka itisieeyi jibc si`pic ka tcebkit `ieioar* uetuk fcsatuouc itiu fctgjik% Ifipue tcebkitie yieb darmik `aeyatuouc itiu `aegjik par`gmgeie nutc* ifijim tcebkit suparvcsgr* suparvcsgr saecgr* fie `ieioar% n% Ocki surit par`gmgeie nutc fcsatuouc gjam itisie jiebsueb pa`gmge si`pic tcebkit `ieioar* yieb fctiefic faebie tajim fctiefitiebieceyi surit tarsadut* sajieouteyi surit tarsadut fc sarimkie kapifi pcmik kapabiwicie uetuk fcirscpkie% ^afiebkie uetuk prgsas dcsecs yieb safieb daroijie uetuk par`gmgeie tukir fceis gparitgr ifijim sadibic darckut ?

Bi`dir >%2% Ljgw`ip Xrgsas Xaebiouie Vukir Fceis yieb ^afieb Daroijie

22

Ifipue faskrcpsc prgsas paebiouie tukir fceis yieb safieb daroijie ifijim sadibic darckut ? 9% Fui grieb pajiksiei `aebioukie surit par`gmgeie tukir fceis% 4% ^atajim fctiefitiebiec surit tarsadut fcsarimkie kapifi suparvcsgr gparisc `isceb`isceb pa`gmge* uetuk fcsatuouc itiu fctgjik% >% Ipidcji fctcebkit suparvcsgr gparisc fcsatuouc* sajieouteyi surit tarsadut fcsarimkie kapifi suparvcsgr saecgr gparisc* uetuk fcsatuouc itiu fctgjik%

6% Ipidcji fc tcebkit suparvcsgr saecgr gparisc surit tarsadut fcsatuouc* yieb fctiefic faebie tajim fctiefitiebieceyi surit tarsadut* sajieouteyi surit tarsadut fc sarimkie kapifi pcmik kapabiwicie uetuk fcirscpkie%

1% Fiji` mij yieb `aebioukie tukir fceis ifijim tcebkit suparvcsgr gparisc* `iki ijur par`gmgeie parsatuouieeyi jiebsueb ka suparvcsgr saecgr gparisc% >%>%>% Ieijcsi Gutput

Fgku`ae kajuirie yieb fcmiscjkie firc scsta` par`gmgeie nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic yieb safieb daroijie ifijim si`i faebie fgku`ae `isukieeyi% Xardafiieeyi ifijim pifi fgku`ae kajuirie* sufim fctiefitiebieceyi fgku`ae tarsadut yieb `aeiefikie dimwi par`gmgeie tajim fcsatuouc% Ifipue daetuk firc fgku`aefgku`ae kajuirie firc scsta` par`gmgeie nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic yieb safieb daroijie ifijim sadibic darckut ?

Bi`dir >%=% Fgku`ae kajuirie katariebie tcfik `isuk karoi

2=

Bi`dir >%3% Fgku`ae Kajuirie Xar`gmgeie Nutc Xabiwic

23

Bi`dir%>%9 8% Fgku`ae Kajuirie Xar`gmgeie Vukir Fceis Gparitgr

=8

>%>%6% Miscj Ieijcscs ^csta` yieb ^afieb Daroijie

Fiji` suitu scsta`* taetueyi tarfipit suitu kajadcmie fie kakuriebie% Dabctu puji pifi scsta` paebiouie nutc pabiwic fie scsta` paebiouie tukir fceis gparitgr yieb safieb daroijie% Fie firc kakuriebie scsta` cecjim yieb `aeoifc jiebkim iwij uetuk paeba`diebie scsta` tarsadut supiyi `aeoifc jadcm dick% >%>%6%9% Kajadcmie ^c sta` yieb ^afieb Dar oijie

Kajadcmie firc scsta` par`gmgeie nutc fie tukir fceis yieb safieb daroijie fcietirieyi ifijim tarfipiteyi wiktu parta`uie ietiri itisie fie diwimie* wijiupue mieyi katcki `a`ceti parsatuouie nutc itiu tukir fcei s% ^amcebbi ikie `a`pararit scjiturim`c ietiri itisie fie diwimie% >%>%6%4% Kakuriebie ^csta` yieb ^afieb Daroijie

Xifi scsta` par`gmgeie nutc fie tukir fceis yieb safieb daroijie* tarfipit kaja`imie firc kafui scsta` tarsadut* fcietirieyi ? i% Xrgsas parsatuouie nutc itiu tukir fceis gjam suparvcsgr* ^uparvcsgr ^aecgr* fie @ieioar `a`arjukie wiktu yieb ji`i% d% ^urit par`gmgeie czce nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic sarceb tarji`dit si`pic ka Dibcie Kapabiwicie% >%>%1% Ieiscjcs ^c sta` S ieb Ikie Fc Die bue

Ieijcscs fipit fcfalcecsckie sadibic paeburicie firc suitu scsta` celgr`isc yieb utum ka fiji` dibciedibcie kg`paeaeeyi faebie `iksuf uetuk `aebcfaetclckisc fie `aebavijuisc par`isijimie* kasa`pitie fie mi`ditie yieb taroifc sarti kadutumiekadutumie yieb fcmiripkie samcebbi fipit fcusujkie pardickiepardickieeyi% Vimipie ieijcscs scsta` fcjikukie satajim timipie paraenieiie scsta` fie sadaju` timip fasice scsta`% Vimip ieijcscs scsta` `arupikie timip yieb krctcs fie siebit paetceb kiraei kasijimie fctimip cec ikie `aeyadidkie kasijimie fctimip sajieouteyi% Ieijcscs scsta` yieb ikie fcdiebue fipit fcjcmit pifi bi`dir >%99% fie bi`dir >%94%

Bi dir >%9 9%Ljgw`ip ^csta` yieb ikie Fcdiebue

=4

Bi`dir>%94% Ljgw`ip ^csta` yieb ikie Fcdiebue -jieoutie#

=>

Xifi scsta` yieb ikie fcdiebue cec* sufim tarfipit fiti disa tarpusit yieb darluebsc sadibic ta`pit paeyc`pieie fiti firc kasajurumie kabcitie yieb darmuduebie faebie fiti fie celgr`isc% Xifi prgsas paebiouie czce nutc fie tukir fceis gparitgr yieb yieb ikie fcrienieb* pabiwic `aebcsc ipjckisc par`gmgeie nutc itiu tukir fceis pifi kg`putar fc ruiebieeyi% Ifipue uetuk prgs as parsatuouie firc suparvcsgr* ^uparvcsgr ^aecgr* ^uparvcsgr Q`u` fie @ieioar fcjikukie pifi kg`putareyi `isceb`isceb% Fipit fcoajiskie kabcitiekabcitie yieb taroifc pifi scsta` celgr`isc parczceie pabiwic sadibic darckut ? i% Xabiwic @aebioukie par`gmgeie czce faebie `aebcsc ipjckisc par`gmgeie czce pifi kg`putar fc ruiebieeyi% d% ^uparvcsgr ^uparvcsgr dcsi `aebioukie par`gmgeie nutc fie par`gmgeie tukir fceis -kmusus suparvcsgr gparisc#% ^ajice ctu* oubi `aeyatuouc itiu `aegjik par`gmgeie czce yieb fcioukie pabiwic -diwimie#% Ipidcji

^uparvcsgr

`aegjik par`gmgeie czce tarsadut* `iki ipjckisc ikie darmaetc si`pic fcscec fie tcfik ikie `ceti parsatuouie ka ^p%^aecgr* @ieioar fie tcfik si`pic ka Kapabiwicie% Varfipit = -fajipie# grieb suparvcsgr* yictu ? 9# ^uparvcsgr Gparisc I*`a`diwimc gparitgr Tabu I% 4# ^uparvcsgr Gparisc D*`a`diwimc gparitgr Tabu D% ># ^uparvcsgr Gparisc N*`a`diwimc gparitgr Tabu N% 6# ^uparvcsgr Gparisc F*`a`diwimc gparitgr Tabu F% 1# ^uparvcsgr K> Kc`ci , jcebkuebie `a`diwimc dibcie K> Kc`ci , jcebkuebie% <# ^uparvcsgr Xa`ajcmiriie @asce `a`diwimc dibcie Xa`ajcmiriie @asce% 2# ^uparvcsgr Xa`ajcmiriie Jcstrck `a`diwimc dibcie Xa`ajcmiriie Jcstrck% =# ^uparvcsgr Xa`ajcmiriie Cestru`aet , Kgetrgj `a`diwimc dibcie Xa`ajcmiriie Cestru`aet , Kgetrgj%

=6

n% ^uparvcsgr ^aecgr ^uparvcsgr ^aecgr dcsi `aebioukie par`gmgeie nutc% ^ajice ctu* oubi `aeyatuouc itiu `aegjik par`gmgeie czce yieb tajim fcsatuouc gjam itisie jiebsueb pabiwic% Ipidcji

^uparvcsgr ^aecgr `aegjik par`gmgeie czce

tarsadut* `iki ipjckisc ikie darmaetc si`pic fcscec fie tcfik ikie `ceti parsatuouie ka @ieibar fie tcfik si`pic ka Kapabiwicie% Varfipit > -tcbi# grieb suparvcsgr saecgr* yictu ? 9# ^uparvcsgr ^aecgr Gparisc* `a`diwimc 1 ^uparvcsgr - Gparisc I*D*N fie F sarti ^uparvcsgr K> Kc`ci , jcebkuebie #% 4# ^uparvcsgr

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Miscj Ieijcscs ^csta` Sieb Ikie fcdiebue

^csta` par`gmgeie nutc fie tukir fceis yieb ikie fcdiebue `arupikie scsta` yieb dcsi fckitikie oium firc kiti sa`purei% Xifi scsta` tarsadut* tarfipit oubi dadaripi kakuriebie yieb tcfik dcsi fcmcefirc* fcsi`pceb dadaripi kajadcmieeyi% >%>%<%9 Kajadcmie ^csta` Sieb Ikie fcdiebue

Kajadcmie firc scsta` par`gmgeie nutc fie tukir fceis yieb ikie fcdiebue* fcietirieyi ?

=1

i% If`cecstrisc parczceie pabiwic fipit tarcetabrisc fa ebie dick* samc ebbi celgr`isc taetieb parczceie pabiwic tarfipit fiji` situ scsta ` celgr`isc dardiscs kg`putarcsisc% d% @ajikukie alaktclctis fie alcscaesc wiktu parczceie pabiwic* `ujic firc par`gmgeie surit czce si`pic surit czce fctarc`i gjam dibcie kapabiwicie% >%>%<%4 Kakuriebie ^csta` Sieb Ikie f cdiebue

Kakuriebie firc scsta` par`gmgeie nutc fie tukir fceis yieb ikie fcdiebue* fcietirieyi ? i% ^cjiturim`c ietiri itisie fie diwimie ikie safckct darkurieb% d% Dcji tarfipit biebbuie pifi scsta` oircebie kg`putar* `iki pabiwic tcfik dcsi `aebioukie par`gmgeie nutc itiu tukir fceis% >%>%2% Kadutumie Mirfwira Mirfwira itiu pariebkit karis yieb fcdutumkie fiji` scsta` parczceie

pabiwic dardiscs oircebie fiji` jcebkuebie cetrieat cec * ifijim dadaripi pariebkit kg`putar -yieb ikie fcbueikie sadibic kg`putar njcaet fie situ uect uetuk sarvar # faebie spasclckisc sadibic darckut ? Vidaj >%9% ^pasclckisc @cec`u` Kg`putar 

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>%>%=% Kadutumie ^gltwira

Fiji` prgsas parieniebie scsta` parczceie pabiwic dardiscs oircebie fiji` jcebkuebie cetrieat* yieb fcrienieb faebie `atgfa ^FJN taetu `a`arjukie pariebkit jueik paefukueb yieb fcbueikie% Ifipue pariebkit jueik -sgltwira# yieb fcparjukie ietiri jice ? 9% @cnrgsglt Rcefgws ]X -itiu yieb jadcm tcebbc#* sadibic sgltwira scsta` gparisc% 4% ]I@XX* yieb `arupikie sgltwira biduebie yieb darcsc prgbri` ipjckisc Ipinma* `y ^YJ fie XMX% >% Afct pjus > fie NgfaCbectar sadibic sgltwira paefukueb uetuk `a`duit ietir`uki ipjckisc% 6% ^YJ @ieibar 4882 lgr `y ^YJ fie Xmp @y If`ce* sadibic sgltwira paefukueb uetuk `aebgjim fitidisa% 1% @cnrgsglt Gllcna \cscg 4882* sadibic sgltwira paefukueb uetuk `a`duit jipgrie sapartc fasice ljgw`ip* FLF* fie jiceeyi% <% ^gltwira paefukueb jiceeyi yieb fcparjukie dick uetuk prgsas parieniebie scsta` `iupue prgsas pa`duitie jipgrie% >%>%3% Kadutumie Dricewira Dricewira itiu `ieusci yieb tarjcdit fiji` parieniebie scsta` parczceie

pabiwic dardiscs oircebie fiji` jcebkuebie cetrieat* saniri u`u` `a`dutumkie dadaripi aja`ae su`dar fiyi `ieusci sadibic darckut ? i% Ieijcs fie parienieb scsta`* yieb darupiyi `aebieijcscs ceput fiti itiu ijcrie fiti saniri scsta`itcs* `a`prgsas itiu `aetrieslgr`isckie fiti* `aeyc`pie fiti* fie `aebmiscjkie gutput celgr`isc fiji` kgetaks dcsecs kmusus% d% Xrgbri``ar* sagrieb prgbri``ar fcdutumkie uetuk `ajiksieikie tubis `aeyusue fie `aearoa`imkie ijbgrct`i kafiji` scetiks dimisi pa`rgbri`ie tartaetu tar`isuk `aefasice ietir`uki scsta`% n% Xaebbuei -usar#* yieb `ajcputc piri pabiwic fc parusimiie* yieb fcfiji``yi `ajcputc pa`gmge czce* itisie yieb darmik `aeyatuouc czce fie dibcie kapabiwicie%

=2

>%>%98%

Fiti Ljgw Fcibri` -FLF#

^atajim `ajikukie ieijcscs tarmifip fiti fie celgr`isc yieb tarjcdit fiji` scsta` celgr`isc parczceie pabiwic cec* `iki uetuk parieniebie scsta` yieb diru fcioukie FLF usujie% >%>%98%9 Fcibri` Kgetaks

Fcibri` kgetaks `a`darckie bi`dirie ruieb jcebkup scsta` yieb ikie fcdiebue saniri kasajurumie fie fcmuduebkie faebie kasituie juir -akstareij aetcty# yieb tarjcdit fiji` prgsas uti`i%

Bi`dir >%9>% FLF Kgetaks ^csta` Xarczceie Xabiwic yieb Fcrienieb >%>%98%4 Fiti Ljgw Fcibri` Javaj 8

Fcibri` javaj 8 firc scsta` parczceie pabiwic yieb fcrienieb ifijim sadibic darckut ?

==

Bi`dir >%96% Fcibri` 8 ^csta` Xarczceie Xabiwic yieb Fcrienieb

Xifi fcibri` javaj 8 scsta` parczceie pabiwic yieb fcrienieb tarfipit a`pit prgsas* yictu prgsas aetry fiti* prgsas nutc* prgsas tukir fceis fie prgsas natik jipgrie% >%>%98%> Fcibri` Tcenc 9%8 Javaj 4

Fcibri` rcenc 9%8 javaj 4 ifijim fcibri` yieb `aeburickie prgsas aetry fiti pifi fcibri` 8% Varfipit fui prgsas pifi fcibri` rcenc 9%8 javaj 4 cec* yictu

prgsas aetry fiti pabiwic fie aetry fiti oiditie% Fcibri` rcenc 9%8 javaj 4 fipit fcjcmit pifi bi`dir darckut ?

=3

Bi`dir >%91% Fcibri` 9%8 Javaj 4 ^csta` Xarczceie Xabiwic yieb Fcrienieb >%>%98%6 Fcibri` Tcenc 4%8 Javaj 4

Fcibri` rcenc 4%8 javaj 4 ifijim fcibri` yieb `aeburickie prgsas nutc pifi fcibri` 8% Varfipit a`pit prgsas pifi fcibri` rcenc 4%8 javaj 4 cec* yictu prgsas par`gmgeie nutc* prgsas fgku`ae nutc* prgsas par`gmgeie nutc `isuk fie prgsas fgku`ae nutc yieb fcsatuouc% Fcibri` rcenc 4%8 javaj 4 fipi t fcjcmit pifi bi`dir darckut ?

Bi`dir >%9<% Fcibri` 4%8 Javaj 4 ^csta` Xarczceie Xabiwic yieb Fcrienieb >%>%98%1 Fcibri` Tcenc >%8 Javaj 4

Fcibri` rcenc >%8 javaj 4 ifijim fcibri` yieb `aeburickie prgsas tukir fceis pifi fcibri` 8% Varfipit a`pit prgsas pifi fcibri` rcenc >%8 javaj 4 cec* yictu prgsas par`gmgeie tukir fceis* prgsas fgku`ae tukir fceis* prgsas

38

par`gmgeie tukir fceis `isuk fie prgsas fgku`ae tukir fceis yieb fcsatuouc% Fcibri` rcenc >%8 javaj 4 fipit fcjcmit pifi bi`dir darckut ?

Bi`dir >%92% Fcibri` >%8 Javaj 4 ^csta` Xarczceie Xabiwic yieb Fcrienieb >%>%98%< Fcibri` Tcenc 6%8 Javaj 4

Fcibri` rcenc 6%8 javaj 4 ifijim fcibri` yieb `aeburickie prgsas natik jipgrie pifi fcibri` 8% Varfipit aei` prgsas pifi fcibri` rc enc 6%8 javaj 4 cec* yictu prgsas natik par`gmgeie nutc* prgsas natik jipgrie timueie nutc pabiwic* prgsas natik par`gmgeie tukir fceis* prgsas natik jipgrie dujieie tukir fceis pabiwic* prgsas natik jipgrie dujieie pabiwic yieb nutc* fie prgsas natik jipgrie dujieie pabiwic yieb tukir fceis% Fcibri` rcenc 6%8 java j 4 fipit fcjcmit pifi bi`dir darckut ?

39

Bi`dir >%9=% Fcibri` 6%8 Javaj 4 ^csta` Xarczceie Xabiwic yieb Fcrienieb >%>%99%

Ki`us Fiti

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34

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?



Tcebkisie Xrgsas ? Xrgsas cec fcjikukie gjam pabiwic yieb `ajikukie par`gmgeie tukir fceis* uetuk `a`arcksi stitus tukir fceis yieb fcioukie sufim fc satuouc gjam itisie itiu daju`% Fiji` prgsas cec oubi pabiwic darsiebkutie dcsi `ajcmit fiti tukir fceis yieb pareim fcjikukieeyi%

c%

@gfuj 

>%> ?

Ei`i @gfuj ? Xar`gmgeie Vukir fceis `isuk



@isukie

? Fiti Vukir fceis* Xarsatuouie itiu paegjikie brup itisie%



Kajuirie

?



Tcebkisie Xrgsas ? Xrgsas cec fcjikukie gjam brup itisie pabiwic* fc`iei itisie dcsi `ajcmit par`gmgeie tukir fceis firc diwimieeyi fie `ajikukie parsatuouie itiu paegjikie par`gmgeie tarsadut%

o%

@gfuj 

? >%6



Ei`i @gfuj ? Fgku`ae Vukir fceis yieb Fcsatuouc @isukie ? Fiti Vukir fceis



Kajuirie

? Fgku`ae Vukir fceis yieb Fcsatuouc

36



Tcebkisie Xrgsas ? Xrgsas cec fcjikukie gjam kapabiwicie uetuk `a`arcksi par`gmgeie tukir fceis pabiwic yieb sufim fcsatuouc gjam brup itisie%

k% @gfuj

6%9 ?



Ei`i @gfuj ? Natik Xar`gmgeie Nutc



@isukie

? Lcja fgku`ae nutc



Kajuirie

? Xar`gmgeie Nutc Xabiwic



Tcebkisie Xrgsas ? Xrgsas cec fcjikukie gjam dibcie kapabiwicie uetuk `a`duit jipgrie par`gmgeie nutc pabiwic%

j%

@gfuj

6%4 ?



Ei`i @gfuj ? Natik Xar`gmgeie tukir fceis



@isukie

? Lcja tukir fceis



Kajuirie

? Xar`gmgeie Vukir Fceis Xabiwic



Tcebkisie Xrgsas ? Xrgsas cec fcjikukie gjam dib cie kapabiwicie uetuk `a`duit jipgrie par`gmgeie tukir fceis pabiwic%

`%@ gfuj

?6%>

 

Ei`i @gfuj ? Natik Jipgrie Dujieie tukir fceis @isukie ? Lcja tukir fceis



Kajuirie



Tcebkisie Xrgsas ?

? Jipgrie dujieie tukir fceis

Xrgsas cec fcjikukie gjam dibcie kapabiwicie uetuk `a`duit jipgrie fiti tukir fceis fiji` oiebki wiktu situ dujie% e% @gfuj 

6%6 ?

Ei`i @gfuj ? Natik Jipgrie Dujieie nutc



@isukie

? Lcja fgku`ae nutc



Kajuirie

? Jipgrie dujieie nutc



Tcebkisie Xrgsas ? Xrgsas cec fcjikukie gjam dibcie kapabiwicie uetuk `a`duit jipgrie fiti pabiwicpabiwic yieb `ajikukie nutc fiji` oiebki wiktu situ dujie%

31

g% @gfuj 

?1%8%X

Ei`i @gfuj ? Bietc Xisswgrf



@isukie

? Lgr` bietc pisswgrf



Kajuirie

? Lcja Xabiwic



Tcebkisie Xrgsas ? Xrgsas cec fcjikukie gjam usar uetuk `aebbietc pisswgrfeyi%

>%>%99%4 Xaeoajisie Fiti Ljgw i% Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Lgr` Fiti Xabiwic 

Firc Xrgsas

?



Ka Xrgsas

? 9%9



Faskrcpsc

?

@arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti pabiwic% 

^truktur Fiti ? pabiwicWcf

+

pabiwicWei`i

pabiwicWtbjWpaebiebkitie pabiwicWoaecsWkaji`ce

+

+

oiditieWcf

+

pabiwicWecp

+

pabiwicWiji`it

+

pabiwicWtajp

+

+pabiwicWoitimWnutcWtimueie

+

pabiwicWoitimWnutcWdasir + pabiwicWmikWiksas + pabiwicWusarWei`a + pabiwicWusarWpisswgrf + pabiwicWttf d% Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Lgr` Fiti Oiditie 

Firc Xrgsas

?



Ka Xrgsas

? 9%4

Faskrcpsc

?



@arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti oiditie pabiwic% 

^truktur Fiti ? OiditieWcf + OiditieWei`i + sclitWkaroi + oiditieWpiraet%

n% Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Lgr`% Xar`gmgeie Nutc 

Firc Xrgsas

?



Ka Xrgsas

? 4%9



Faskrcpsc ? @arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti par`gmgeie nutc pabiwic%

3<



^truktur Fiti ? Fgku`aeWnutcWcf

+

Fgku`aeWnutcWoaecs

fgku`aeWnutcWtbjW`ujic

+

+

pabiwicWcf

fgku`aeWnutcWji`iWmirc

+ +

fgku`aeWnutcWiji`it + Fgku`aeWnutcWQricie + fgku`aeWnutcWstitus + pgscscWpar`gmgeie + tbjWduit f% Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Fiti Xabiwic 

Firc Xrgsas

?



Ka Xrgsas Faskrcpsc

? 4%9 ?



@arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti pabiwic% 

^truktur Fiti ? pabiwicWcf

+

pabiwicWei`i

pabiwicWtbjWpaebiebkitie pabiwicWoaecsWkaji`ce

+

oiditieWcf

+

pabiwicWecp

+

pabiwicWiji`it

+

+

pabi wicWtajp

+

+pabiwicWoitimWnutcWtimueie

+

pabiwicWoitimWnutcWdasir + pabiwicWmikWiksas + pabiwicWusarWei`a + pabiwicWusarWpisswgrf + pabiwicWttf a% Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Fiti Oiditie 

Firc Xrgsas

?

 

Ka Xrgsas Faskrcpsc

? 4%9 ?

@arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti oiditie pabiwic% 

^truktur Fiti ? OiditieWcf + OiditieWei`i + sclitWkaroi + oiditieWpiraet%

l% Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Fiti Nutc 

Firc Xrgsas

? 4%9



KaXrgsas

?

Faskrcpsc

?



@arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti nutc pabiwic% 

^truktur Fiti ? Fgku`aeWnutcWcf + Fgku`aeWnutcWoaecs + pabiwicWcf fgku`aeWnutcWtbjW`ujic + fgku`aeWnutcWji`iWmirc

+ +

32

fgku`aeWnutcWiji`it + Fgku`aeWnutcWQricie + fgku`aeWnutcWstitus + pgscscWpar`gmgeie + tbjWduit b% Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Fiti Nutc 

Firc Xrgsas

?



Ka Xrgsas

? 4%4



Faskrcpsc

?

@arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti nutc pabiwic% 

^truktur Fiti ? Fgku`aeWnutcWoaecs

+

fgku`aeWnutcWji`iWmirc

+

fgku`aeWnutcWtbjW`ujic

+

fgku`aeWnutcWiji`it

+

Fgku`aeWnutcWQricie + fgku`aeWnutcWstitus + pgscscWpar`gmgeie + tbjWduit m% Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Fiti Nutc 

Firc Xrgsas

?



Ka Xrgsas

? 4%>



Faskrcpsc

?

@arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti nutc pabiwic yieb `a`duit par`gmgeie nutc% 

^truktur Fiti ? Fgku`aeWnutcWoaecs

+

fgku`aeWnutcWji`iWmirc

+

fgku`aeWnutcWtbjW`ujic

+

fgku`aeWnutcWiji`it

+

Fgku`aeWnutcWQricie + pabiwicWei`i + tbjWduit c%

Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Fiti Nutc 

Firc Xrgsas

? 4%>



KaXrgsas

?



Faskrcpsc

?

@arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti nutc pabiwic yieb par`gmgeie nutceyi fcsatuouc itiu fctgjik% 

^truktur Fiti ? Fgku`aeWnutcWoaecs fgku`aeWnutcWji`iWmirc

+ +

fgku`aeWnutcWtbjW`ujic fgku`aeWnutcWiji`it

+ +

3=

Fgku`aeWnutcWQricie + pabiwicWei`i + fgku`aeWnutcWparsatuouie + tbjWduit o%

Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Fiti Nutc 

Firc Xrgsas

?



Ka Xrgsas

? 4%6



Faskrcpsc

?

@arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti nutc pabiwic yieb par`gmgeie nutceyi



fcsatuouc % ^truktur Fiti ? Fgku`aeWnutcWoaecs

+

fgku`aeWnutcWji`iWmirc

+

fgku`aeWnutcWtbjW`ujic

+

fgku`aeWnutcWiji`it

+

Fgku`aeWnutcWQricie + fgku`aeWnutcWstitus + tbjWduit k% Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Fiti Xabiwic 

Firc Xrgsas

?



Ka Xrgsas

? >%9



Faskrcpsc

?

@arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti pabiwic% 

^truktur Fiti ? pabiwicWcf + pabiwicWei`i + oiditieWcf + pabiwicWtbjWpaebiebkitie + pabiwicWiji`it + pabiwicWoaecsWkaji`ce

pabiwicWecp pabi wicWtajp

+pabiwicWoitimWnutcWtimueie

+ + +

pabiwicWoitimWnutcWdasir + pabiwicWmikWiksas + pabiwicWusarWei`a + pabiwicWusarWpisswgrf + XabiwicWttf j%

Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Fiti Oiditie 

Firc Xrgsas

?



Ka Xrgsas

? >%9

Faskrcpsc

?



@arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti oiditie pabiwic% 

^truktur Fiti ?

OiditieWcf + OiditieWei`i + sclitWkaroi + oiditieWpiraet% `% Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Fiti tukir fceis 

Firc Xrgsas

? >%9

33



KaXrgsas

?



Faskrcpsc

?



^truktur Fiti ?

@arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti tukir fceis pabiwic%

tukirWfceisWcf + pabiwicWcfWyiebWfcbietc + oiditieWcfWyiebWfcbietc + pgscscWpar`gmgeieWyiebWfcbietc oiditieWcfWpaebbietc

+

+

pabiwicWcfWpaebbietc

pgscscWpar`gmgeieWpaebbietc

tukirWfceisWuricie + tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWtbj

+

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWmirc

+

tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWmirc tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWfceis tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWtbj

+ + + + +

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWfceis + tukirWfceisWstitus + tbjWduit e% Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Fiti tukir fceis 

Firc Xrgsas

?



Ka Xrgsas

? >%4



Faskrcpsc

?

@arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti tukir fceis pabiwic% 

^truktur Fiti ? tukirWfceisWcf + pabiwicWcfWyiebWfcbietc + oiditieWcfWyiebWfcbietc + pgscscWpar`gmgeieWyiebWfcbietc oiditieWcfWpaebbietc + tukirWfceisWuricie

+

+ pabiwicWcfWpaebbietc pgscscWpar`gmgeieWpaebbietc tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWmirc

+ + +

tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWtbj

+

tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWfceis

+

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWmirc

+

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWtbj

+

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWfceis + tukirWfceisWstitus + tbjWduit g% Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Fiti tukir fceis 

Firc Xrgsas

?



Ka Xrgsas

? >%>



Faskrcpsc

?

@arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti tukir fceis pabiwic% 

^truktur Fiti ? tukirWfceisWcf + pabiwicWcfWyiebWfcbietc + oiditieWcfWyiebWfcbietc + pgscscWpar`gmgeieWyiebWfcbietc

+

pabiwicWcfWpaebbietc

+

988

oiditieWcfWpaebbietc

+

tukirWfceisWuricie

+

pgscscWpar`gmgeieWpaebbietc

+

tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWmirc

+

tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWtbj

+

tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWfceis

+

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWmirc

+

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWtbj

+

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWfceis + tukirWfceisWstitus + tbjWduit p% Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Fiti tukir fceis 

Firc Xrgsas

? >%>



KaXrgsas Faskrcpsc

? ?

@arupikie

filtir



yieb

darcsc

fiti

parsatuouie

itiu

paegjikie

par`gmgeie tukir fceis% 

^truktur Fiti ? tukirWfceisWcf + pabiwicWcfWyiebWfcbietc + oiditieWcfWyiebWfcbietc + pgscscWpar`gmgeieWyiebWfcbietc oiditieWcfWpaebbietc tukirWfceisWuricie

+ +

+

pabiwicWcfWpaebbietc

+

pgscscWpar`gmgeieWpaebbietc

+

tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWmirc

+

tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWtbj

+

tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWfceis

+

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWmirc

+

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWtbj

+

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWfceis + tukirWfceisWstitus + tbjWduit q% Ei`i Fiti Ljgw ? Fiti tukir fceis 

Firc Xrgsas

?



Ka Xrgsas

? >%6

Faskrcpsc

?



@arupikie filtir yieb darcsc fiti tukir fceis pabiwic yieb par`gmgeie tukir fceiseyi fcsatuouc% 

^truktur Fiti ? tukirWfceisWcf + pabiwicWcfWyiebWfcbietc + oiditieWcfWyiebWfcbietc + pgscscWpar`gmgeieWyiebWfcbietc oiditieWcfWpaebbietc

+

tukirWfceisWuricie + tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWtbj

+

pabiwicWcfWpaebbietc

pgscscWpar`gmgeieWpaebbietc

+

tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWmirc tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWfceis

+ + + +

989

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWmirc

+

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWtbj

+

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWfceis + tukirWfceisWstitus + tbjWduit

>%>%99%> Xaeoajisie Fiti ^tgra

i% Ei`i Fiti ^tgra ? Lcja Xabiwic 

^truktur Fiti ? pabiwicWcf

+

pabiwicWei`i

pabiwicWtbjWpaebiebkitie pabiwicWoaecsWkaji`ce

+

+

oiditieWcf

+

pabiwicWecp

+

pabiwicWiji`it + pabi wicWtajp +pabiwicWoitimWnutcWtimueie

+ +

pabiwicWoitimWnutcWdasir + pabiwicWmikWiksas + pabiwicWusarWei`a + pabiwicWusarWpisswgrf + pabiwicWttf 

Faskrcpsc

?

Darcsc fiti `aebaeic pabiwic d% Ei`i Fiti ^tgra ? Lcja Oiditie 

^truktur Fiti ? OiditieWcf + OiditieWei`i + sclitWkaroi + oiditieWpiraet%



Faskrcpsc

?

Darcsc fiti `aebaeic oiditie pabiwic n% Ei`i Fiti ^tgra ? Lcja Fgku`ae Nutc  ^truktur Fiti ? Fgku`aeWnutcWcf

+

Fgku`aeWnutcWoaecs

fgku`aeWnutcWtbjW`ujic

+

+

pabiwicWcf

fgku`aeWnutcWji`iWmirc

+ +

fgku`aeWnutcWiji`it + Fgku`aeWnutcWQricie + fgku`aeWnutcWstitus + pgscscWpar`gmgeie + tbjWduit 

Faskrcpsc

?

Darcsc filtir `aebaeic fiti nutc pabiwic f% Ei`i Fiti ^tgra ? Lcja Vukir Fceis 

^truktur Fiti ? tukirWfceisWcf + pabiwicWcfWyiebWfcbietc + oiditieWcfWyiebWfcbietc + pgscscWpar`gmgeieWyiebWfcbietc oiditieWcfWpaebbietc + tukirWfceisWuricie

+

+ pabiwicWcfWpaebbietc pgscscWpar`gmgeieWpaebbietc tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWmirc

+ + +

984

tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWtbj

+

tukirWfceisWyiebWfcbietcWfceis

+

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWmirc

+

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWtbj

+

tukirWfceisWpaebbietcWfceis + tukirWfceisWstitus + tbjWduit 

Faskrcpsc

?

Darcsc filtir `aebaeic fiti tukir fceis pabiwic

DID C\ XATIENIEBIE ^C^VA@

Xarieniebie scsta` `a`cjckc paebartcie sadibic suitu prgsas uetuk `arienieb scsta` yieb diru yieb fipit `aeyajasickie `isijim yieb fcmifipc grbiecsisc% 6%9%

@arienieb ^csta` y ieb Fc rakg`aefisckie

Darfisirkie ieijcscs pifi scsta` par`gmgeie nutc fie tukir fceis pabiwic yieb safieb daroijie fc XV% Cefgeasci Xgwar QDX Ki`goieb ^ud Qect Xa`diebkctie Firioit* tarfipit dadaripi `isijim sadibic`iei tajim fcsadutkie tarfimuju* `iki uetuk `a`animkie `isijim tarsadut fcusujkie suitu daetuk paeba`diebie scsta`* firc yieb sadaju`eyi `ieuij `aeoifc scsta` yieb dardiscs kg`putarcsisc faebie prgsafur yieb tajim fcbi`dirkie pifi ljgw`ip yieb tajim fcusujkie sadaju`eyi% 6%9%9

Xarieniebie Discs Fiti

Fiji` `ajikukie parieniebie discs fiti uetuk scsta` parczceie pabiwic dardiscs oircebie cec `aebbueikie pa`gfajie fitidisa rajitcgeij% Xarieniebie discs fiti dartuouie uetuk `aeoajiskie muduebie ietiri aetctis yieb ifi fcfiji` scsta` celgr`isc parczceie pabiwic dardiscs oircebie% Aetctis rajiscgeij darcsc kg`pgeaekg`pgeae aetctis fie mc`pueie rajisc yieb `isceb`isceb fcjaebkipc faebie itrcdutitrcdut yieb `a`prasaetisckie sajurum likti yieb fctceoiu% Xarieniebie discs fiti fcparjukie ibir discs fiti `aeoifc kg`pik fie alcscae fiji` paebbueiie ruieb paeyc`pieie* napit fiji` paebiksasie* fie `ufim fiji` `a`iecpujisc fiti - cesart* fajata* upfita#% Fiji` `arienieb discs fiti fipit fcjikukie faebie ? i% @a`duit `gfaj aetcty rajitcgesmcp% d% @aearipkie egr`ijcsisc tarmifip struktur tidaj yieb tajim fckatimuc%

6%9%9%9% Aetcty Tajitcgesmcp Fcibri` -ATF# Qetuk `aeoajiskie katarmuduebie ietir aetctis yieb ifi pifi scst a`

celgr`isc parczceie pabiwic dardiscs oircebie* `iki parju fcji kukie fasice

98>

986

Aetcty Tajitcgesmcp Fcibri` -ATF# samcebbi ikie fcpargjam bi`dirie firc satcip

luebsc yieb ifi pifi scsta` yieb fcrienieb% Darckut fcbi`dirkie Aetcty Tajitcgesmcp Fcibri` -ATF# pifi scsta` celgr`isc parczceie pabiwic dardiscs

oircebie%

Bi`dir 6%9% Fcibri` AT ^csta` yieb Fcrienieb 6%9%9%4% Egr`ijcsisc

Vimipie egr`ijcsisc yieb fcbueikie uetuk `aebcfaetclckisc kaegr`ijie satcip tidaj ifijim `aebbueikie daetuk 9EL* 4EL* fie >EL sadibic darckut ? i% Vidaj Xar`gmgeie Nutc

Darfisirkie kadutumie fiji` `ajikukie par`gmgeie nutc* fcpargjam itrcdut itrcdut uetuk tidaj par`gmgeie nutc* yictu ? nutcWcf* pabiwicWcf* ei`i*

981

oiditieWcf* oiditie* ECX* Oaecs kaji`ce* tiebbij `ujic* ji`i nutc* iji`it nutc* tajpge* ijisie* tiefi tiebie pa`gmge* itisie ka9* itisie ka4* itisie ka>* tiefi tiebie itisie ka9* tiefi tiebie itisie ka4* tiefi tiebie itisie ka>* tiebbij paebiebkitie* oaecs nutc* iji`it ru`im* oitim nutc timueie* oitim nutc dasir* mik iksas* usar ei`a* pisswgrf* stitus nutc* tbjWduit fie pgscsc par`gmgeie% Vidaj 6%9% Vidaj Xar`gmgeie Nutc 

































Vidaj 6%4% Vidaj Xar`gmgeie Nutc -jieoutie# 



  

 

 

 

   

   

   

  

Vidaj 6%>% Vidaj Xar`gmgeie Nutc -jieoutie#  

 

  

  

 

 



 

  

 

9# Egr`ijcsisc Vimip Xarti`i -9 EL# Vidaj par`gmgeie nutc fcitis* sufim `arupikie tidaj yieb sufim `a`aeumc daetuk egr`ij parti`i kiraei satcip itrcdut pifi tidaj tarsadut `arupikie itrcdut yieb `a`cjckc paebartcie yieb tuebbij* tcfik ifi yie b `a`cjckc `ikei biefi sarti satcip dircs pifi tidaj fcitis tcfik ifi yieb si`i% @iki daetuk egr`ij parti`ieyi ifijim sadibic darckut ? Vidaj 6%6% Daetuk Egr`ij Xarti`i Vidaj Xar`gmgeie Nutc  

 



 





 

 

 

 

98<

Vidaj 6%1% Daetuk Egr`ij Xarti`i Vidaj Xar`gmgeie Nutc -jieoutie# 



  

 

 

 

   

   

   

  

Vidaj 6%<% Daetuk Egr`ij Xarti`i Vidaj Xar`gmgeie Nutc -jieoutie#  

 

 

 





 

 



 

 

 



4# Egr`ijcsisc Vimip kafui -4 EL# Xa`daetukie egr`ij kafui faebie niri `aenirc kuenckuenc lcajf yieb scliteyi ueck% @ajcmit kgefcsc tidaj par`gmgeie nutc fcitis* `iki fipit fci`dcj kuenc kiefcfit* yictu ? 

NutcWcf



XabiwicWcf



OiditieWcf

Fc`iei satcip lcajf darbietueb paeum kapifi prc`iry kay* `iki daetuk egr`ij kafuieyi ifijim sadibic darckut ? Vidaj 6%2% Daetuk Egr`ij Kafui Vidaj Fgku`ae Nutc  

 

 

 

 

 



 

 



  

 

Vidaj 6%=% Daetuk Egr`ij Kafui Vidaj Xabiwic   

 

  

  

  



  

   

    

Vidaj 6%3% Daetuk Egr`ij Kafui Vid aj Oiditie 







     

   

 

  

982

># Egr`ijcsisc Vimip katcbi -> EL# @isceb`isceb tidaj egr`ij kafui fcitis* oubi sufim `a`aeumc daetuk egr`ij katcbi kiraei itrcdutitrcdut dukie kuenc tcfik ifi yieb darbietueb triesctcl* sajurumeyi sufim darbietueb saniri paeum pifi kuenc uti`ieyi% @iki daetuk egr`ij katcbieyi ifijim ? Vidaj 6%98% Daetuk Egr`ij Katcbi Vidaj Fgku`ae Nutc 



































Vidaj 6%99% Daetuk Egr`ij Katcbi Vidaj Xabiwic   

 

  

  

  



  

   

    

     

   

  

 

 

  

Vidaj 6%94% Daetuk Egr`ij Katcbi Vidaj Oiditie 







d% Vidaj Vu kir Fc eis

Darfisirkie kadutumie fiji` `ajikukie par`gmgeie tukir fceis* fcpargjam itrcdut itrcdut uetuk tidaj tukir fceis* yictu ? tukir fceisWcf* pabiwicWcf yieb fcbietc* ei`i pabiwic yieb fcbietc* oiditieWcf yieb fcbietc* oiditie pabiwic yieb fcbietc* pgscsc par`gmgeie yieb fcbietc* tiefi tiebie pabiwic yieb fcbietc* pabiwicWcf paebbietc* ei`i pabiwic paebbietc* oiditieWcf paebbietc* oiditie pabiwic paebbietc* pgscsc par`gmgeie paebbietc* tiefi tiebie pabiwic paebbietc* ijisie* mirc yieb fcbietc* tiebbij yieb fcbietc* fceis yieb fcbietc* mirc paebbietc* tiebbij paebbietc* fceis paebbietc* stitus tukir fceis* itisie yieb fcbietc* itisie paebbietc* itisie ka4* tiefi tiebie itisie yieb fcbietc* tiefi tiebie itisie paebbietc* tiefi tiebie itisie ka4* mik iksas* usar ei`a* tbjWduit fie pisswgrf%

98=

Vidaj 6%9>% Vidaj Vukir Fceis   

   

   

   

   

    

    

   

  

 

Vidaj 6%96% Vidaj Vukir Fceis -jieoutie#  

 

 



 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 













Vidaj 6%91% Vidaj Vukir Fceis -jieoutie#   

  

  

 

    

    

   

 

 



 

9# Egr`ijcsisc Vimip Xarti`i -9 EL# Vidaj tukir fceis fcitis* sufim `arupikie tidaj yieb sufim `a`aeumc daetuk egr`ij parti`i kiraei satcip itrcdut pifi tidaj tarsadut `arupikie itrcdut yieb `a`cjckc paebartcie yieb tuebbij* tcfik ifi yieb `a`cjckc `ikei biefi sarti satcip dircs pifi tidaj fcitis tcfik ifi yieb si`i% @iki daetuk egr`ij parti`ieyi ifijim sadibic darckut ? Vidaj 6%9<% Daetuk Egr`ij Xarti`i Vidaj Vukir Fceis   

   

   

   

   

    

    

   

  

 

Vidaj 6%92% Daetuk Egr`ij Xarti`i Vidaj Vukir Fceis -jieoutie#    

   

   



  

  

  

  

  

  

983

Vidaj 6%9=% Daetuk Egr`ij Xarti`i Vidaj Vukir Fceis -jieoutie#   

  

  

 

    

    

   

 

 



 

4# Egr`ijcsisc Vimip kafui -4 EL# Xa`daetukie egr`ij kafui faebie niri `aenirc kuenckuenc lcajf yieb scliteyi ueck% @ajcmit kgefcsc tidaj tukir fceis fcitis* `iki fipit fci`dcj kuenc kiefcfit* yictu ? 

Vukir fceisWcf



XabiwicWcf



OiditieWcf

Fc`iei satcip lcajf darbietueb paeum kapifi prc`iry kay* `iki daetuk egr`ij kafuieyi ifijim sadibic darckut ? Vidaj 6%93% Daetuk Egr`ij Kafui Vidaj Vukir Fceis    

    

   

   

    

   

   















 

   

   





   

  

    

  

 

Vidaj 6%48% Daetuk Egr`ij Kafui Vidaj Xabiwic   

 

  

  

  



  

   

    

Vidaj 6%49% Daetuk Egr`ij Kafui Vid aj Oiditie  







     

   

   

  

 

 

  

 

998

># Egr`ijcsisc Vimip katcbi -> EL# @isceb`isceb tidaj egr`ij kafui fcitis* oubi sufim `a`aeumc daetuk egr`ij katcbi kiraei itrcdutitrcdut dukie kuenc tcfik ifi yieb darbietueb triesctcl* sajurumeyi sufim darbietueb saniri paeum pifi kuenc uti`ieyi% @iki daetuk egr`ij katcbieyi ifijim ? Vidaj 6%44% Daetuk Egr`ij Katcbi Vidaj Vukir Fceis 































   

    

   

   

    

   

   



   

   

  

 

   

 

    



Vidaj 6%4>% Daetuk Egr`ij Katcbi Vidaj Xabiwic   

 

  

  

  



  

   

    

     

   

  

 

 

  

Vidaj 6%46% Daetuk Egr`ij Katcbi Vidaj Oiditie 

 





n% Vidaj Miscj Egr`ijcsisc

^atajim prgsas egr`ijcsisc fcjikukie si`pic timip katcbi -> EL# tarmifip tidaj par`gmgeie nutc fie tidaj tukir fceis* `iki fcfipitkie a`pit duim tidaj egr`ij* yictu ? tidaj pabiwic* tidaj oiditie* tidaj fgku`ae nutc* fie tidaj tukir fceis%

999

Vidaj 6%41% Tajisc Ietir Vidaj ^atajim Egr`ijcsisc   

Vidaj fgku`ae nutc

 



 

 

 

 



 

 





   

Vidaj Xabiwic  



  

  

  



  

   

    

     

   

  

 

 

  





Vidaj Oiditie 











  



   





Vidaj Vukir Fceis

    

    



    



    

    

 

   

    

   

   

    

  

     

 

994

6%9%4

^pasclckisc Di scs Fi ti

i% Ei`i lcja

? Xabiwic

@afci Xaeyc`pieie ? Mirf fcsk Xrc`iry Kay

? pabiwicWcf

^truktur lcja

?

Vidaj 6%4<% ^truktur Lcja Vidaj Xabiwic Eg

Ei`i Lcja

Vypa

Xieoieb

Katariebie

Lcja 9

pabiwicWcf

cetabar

99

cf pabiwic

4

pabiwicWei`i

virnmir

418

Ei`i Xabiwic

>

oiditieWcf

cetabar

99

Cf Oiditie

6

XabiwicWecp

virnmir

18

Eg`gr Cefuk Xabiwic

1

XabiwicWtbjWpaebiebkitie

fita

<

pabiwicWiji`it

virnmir

418

Iji`it Xabiwic

2

pabiwicWtajp

virnmir

18

Eg%Vajpge Xabiwic

=

pabiwicWoaecsWkaji`ce

virnmir

18

Oaecs Kaji`ce Xabiwic

3

XabiwicWoitimWnutcWtimueie

cetabar

99

Oitim nutc timueie

98

XabiwicWoitimWnutcWdasir

cetabar

99

Oitim nutc dasir

99

XabiwicWmikWiksas

virnmir

48

Mik iksas pabiwic

94

XabiwicWusarWei`a

virnmir

918

Qsar ei`a pabiwic

9>

pabiwicWusarWpisswgrf

virnmir

411

Xisswgrf Xabiwic

96

XabiwicWttf

virnmir

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943

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katcki ipjckisc fcta ipkie mik nutc pabiwic sufim darkurieb%

9>8

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9>9

d% Fgku`ae Nutc

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9>4

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9>6

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9>1

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9>2

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9>3

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968

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