A@M@D@H HZWFEKJ[YHJFC (Abd`hjrm`f Y`fp` [`s` \`mjt Ibfc`f Abteib Hjpfetjs) HypfeKjrthjfc abrup`m`f sbku`h p`r`ijca` k`ru i`d`a pbfc`o`r`f abd`hjrm`f sbl`r` `d`aj. Ybmfjm jfj aui`h ijpbd`o`rj, abdjk`tm`f rbd`ms`sj y`fc abfi`d`a, ped` pbrf`p`s`f d`ak`t i`f pbtufoum l`r` abdbp`sm`f bfiernjf i`rj i`d`a tukuh (rbd`ms`f `d`aj tukuh) y`fc abaufcmjfm`f l`def jku abfjma`tj presbs mbd`hjr`f y`fc `a`f, dbakut, lbp`t i`f t`fp` presbs pbakbi`h`f.
\bdbfcm`pfy`? http?//w`rufckji`f.kdecspet.lea/;703/7:/a`m`d`h-hypfekjrthjfc-abd`hjrm`f-t`fp`.htad
I@NY@[ J\J M@Y@ WBFC@FY@[ ................................................................................... j I@NY@[ J\J .................................................................................................. jj K@K J WBFI@HRDR@F ............................................................................... 0
0.0 D`t`r Kbd`m`fc ..................................................................................... 0 0.; Wbruaus`f A`s`d`h ............................................................................. ; 0.< Yuou`f Wbfudjs`f .................................................................................. ; 0.9 Abteib Wbfudjs`f ................................................................................. ; K@K JJ YJFO@R@F WR\Y@M@.................................................................... <
;.0 \bput`r Mbh`ajd`f ............................................................................... < ;.; [`s` \`mjt \``t Abd`hjrm`f ................................................................. 02 ;.< [bd`ms`sj i`d`a Mbh`ajd`f ................................................................. 03 ;.9 [bd`ms`sj Hypfekjrthyfc ..................................................................... <9 K@K JJJ J\R I@D@A MBH@AJD@F ......................................................... <3 K@K J^ WBAK@H@\@F............................................................................... <: K@K ^ MB\JAWRD@F I@F \@[@F ......................................................... 90
@. Mbsjapud`f ......................................................................................... 90 K. \`r`f .................................................................................................... 90 D@AWJ[@F.................................................................................................... 9; I@NY@[ WR\Y@M@ ..................................................................................... 92
j
K@K J WBFI@HRDR@F
0.0 D`t`r Kbd`m`fc A`s`d`h
Abteib [bd`ms`sj i`d`a abfo`d`fj a`s` mbh`ajd`f sbkbf`rfy` kum`f abteib y`fc k`ru, f`auf tbd`h ijcuf`m`f sbo`m t`huf 27-`f ij @abrjm` \brjm`t. H`fy` s`o` `mhjr-`mhjr jfj, k`fy`m f`a` y`fc auflud i`f ijo`ijm`f sbk`c`j tr`iba`rm k`ru uftum abteib rbd`ms`sj mbh`ajd`f jfj sbpbrtj HypfeKjrthjfc, HypfeK`kjbs, HypKjrth i`f sbk`c`jfy`. Ybmfjm rbd`ms`sj sba`l`a jfj i`p`t k`fy`m abak`ftu i`d`a abfcur`fcj r`s` s`mjt i`f tbm`f`f baesj sbd`a` kbrd`fcsufcfy` presbs mbd`hjr`f t`fp` pbrdu abfccuf`m`f ek`t kjus. \bau` f`a` k`ru tbrsbkut abfccuf`m`f i`s`r m`t` hjpfesjs, kum`f kbr`rtj Jku h`ajd `m`f tbrtjiur `t`u tji`m s`i`rm`f ijrjfy` s``t pr`mtbm. F`auf hjpfesjs y`fc ijcuf`m`f `i`d`h abteib pbf`f`a`f sucbstj s``t et`m tbd`h kbr`i` i`d`a mefijsj rjdbms. HypfeKjrthjfc abrup`m`f s`d`h s`tu tr`iba`rm
y`fc
p`djfc
ijmbf`d
s``t
jfj,
kbr`i`
ijk`w`h
f`ufc`f
HypfeKjrthjfc Jfstjtutb, R\@. Wbdeperfy` `i`d`h s`d`h s`tu temeh y`fc abfybk`rdu`sm`f abteib rbd`ms`sj mbh`ajd`f, y`jtu sber`fc `hdj hjpfetbr`pj i`rj @abrjm` \brjm`t kbrf`a` A`rjb N.Aefc`f. Abd`hjrm`f abrup`m`f su`tu presbs y`fc s`fc`t meapdbms, pbrdu mbsj`p`f abft`d i`f sba`fc`t y`fc kbs`r, mbtbf`fc`f i`f mby`mjf`f y`fc mu`t uftum i`p`t abd`hjrm`f k`yj sbl`r` `d`aj ijs`apjfc sy`r`t-sy`r`t uftum presbs pbrs`djf`f fera`d sbl`r` abijs sui`h tbrpbfuhj sbau`. M`rbf` ibfc`f mefijsj tbf`fc jfj a`m` Jku y`fc abd`hjrm`f `m`f abfi`p`tm`f pbfc`d`a`f
y`fc
abfybf`fcm`f
i`f
kbrmbs`f
k`cjfy`.
Ijsjfjd`h
hypfekjrthjfc kbrpbr`f kbs`r, abak`ftu abakbrjm`f mbsj`p`f abft`d i`f mby`mjf`f uftum abd`hjrm`f sbl`r` `d`aj ibfc`f r`s` s`mjt y`fc ajfja`d. \bd`jf jtu, hypfekjrthjfc ouc` pufy` pbr`f`f i`d`a abfc`t`sj strbss i`d`a mbh`ajd`f i`f a`apu abfcur`fcj r`s` au`d i`f auft`h sbd`a` mbh`ajd`f.
-0-
0.; Wbruaus`f A`s`d`h
[uaus`f a`s`d`h y`fc `m`f ijk`h`s i`d`a a`m`d`h jfj `i`d`h? 0. Abteib rbd`ms`sj y`jtu Hypfekjrthjfc . ;. Ybmfjm
i`f
d`fcm`h-d`fcm`h
y`fc
ijd`mum`f
i`d`a
abd`tjh
Hypfekjrthjfc. <. Mbuftufc`f-mbuftufc`f y`fc ijpbredbh Jku h`ajd i`f o`fjffy` y`fc abd`tjh Hypfekjrthjfc.
0.< Yuou`f 0. Yuou`f Raua
Abteib Hypfekjrthjfc `i`d`h uftum abakbrjm`f su`tu o`d`f `dtbrf`tjn k`cj Jku h`ajd y`fc jfcjf abfi`p`tm`f r`s` fy`a`f i`f `a`f s``t mbh`ajd`f i`f pbrs`djf`f.
;. Yuou`f Mhusus
`.
Abfcbt`huj Bvji`flb K`sbi tbrmjfj i`d`a Jdau Mbkji`f`f.
k.
Abak`ftu
abakbrjm`f
mbfy`a`f`f
p`i`
Jku
h`ajd
sbd`a`
abfch`i`pj mbh`ajd`ffy`. l.
Abak`ftu Jku h`ajd i`d`a abfc`t`sj strbs i`d`a mbh`ajd`f.
i.
Abak`ftu Jku h`ajd abfcur`fcj r`s` au`d i`f auft`h.
0.9 Abteib Wbfudjs`f
K`k J Wbfi`hudu`f 0.0 D`t`r Kbd`m`fc A`s`d`h 0.; Wbruaus`f A`s`d`h 0.< Yuou`f Wbfudjs`f 0.9 Abteib Wbfudjs`f K`k JJ Yjfo`u`f Wust`m` K`k JJJ Jsj K`k J^ Wbak`h`s`f K`k ^ Wbfutup
-;-
K@K JJ YJFO@R@F WR\Y@M@
;.0 \bput`r Mbh`ajd`f
Mbh`ajd`f a`tur (lumup kud`f) kbrd`fcsufc mjr`-mjr` 97 ajfccu (;87 h`rj) i`f tji`m dbkjh i`rj 9< ajfccu (<77 h`rj). Mbh`ajd`f y`fc kbrd`fcsufc `ft`r` ;8 i`f <3 ajfccu ijsbkut mbh`ajd`f prba`tur sbi`fcm`f mbh`ajd`f y`fc dbkjh 9< ajfccu ijsbkut mbh`ajd`f pesta`tur. Abfurut usj` mbh`ajd`f, mbh`ajd`f ijk`cj abfo`ij? 0. Mbh`ajd`f trjabstbr pbrt`a` (7-09 ajfccu) ;. Mbh`ajd`f trjabstbr mbiu`
(09-;8 ajfccu)
<. Mbh`ajd`f trjabstbr mbtjc`
(;8-9; ajfccu)
;.0.0 Wbrmbak`fc`f & Wbruk`h`f W`i` Yukuh Jku H`ajd @. Wbrmbak`fc`f & Wbruk`h`f W`i` Yukuh Jku H`ajd \bd`a` 7-0; Ajfccu (Yrjabstbr J)
W`i` kud`f-kud`f pbrt`a` mbh`ajd`f, aufcmjf tji`m `m`f k`fy`m er`fc y`fc abfcbrtj kjd` sber`fc Jku sbi`fc h`ajd, m`rbf` kbdua tbrdjh`t pbruk`h`f y`fc fy`t` p`i` tukuhfy`. Ybt`pj, sbsufccuhfy` tukuhfy` sbl`r` `mtjn kbmbro` uftum abfybsu`jm`f sbl`r` njsjm i`f baesjef`d k`cj presbs mbh`ajd`f jfj. Kbkbr`p` pbruk`h`f p`i` tukuh Jku h`ajd ij trjabstbr pbrt`a` (7 “ 0; ajfccu) mbh`ajd`f ? 0.
Wbakbs`r`f W`yui`r`
W`yui`r` `m`f abakbs`r i`f mbfl`fc, jfj m`rbf` p`i` `w`d pbaku`h`f tbro`ij pbfjfcm`t`f heraef mbh`ajd`f y`fc abfjakudm`f pbdbk`r`f pbakuduh i`r`h i`f abakbrj futrjsj p`i` o`rjfc`f p`yui`r`. Jku h`ajd aufcmjf `m`f abr`s` KH `t`u kr` tbr`s` sbs`m i`f t`m fy`a`f d`cj, sbk`jmfy` sber`fc Jku h`ajd pbrdu abapbrsj`pm`f kr` k`ru y`fc sbsu`j ibfc`f umur`f k`ru jfj uftum abakbrj mbfy`a`f`f i`f i`p`t
-<-
abfyemefc p`yui`r`fy`. Ybt`pj o`fc`f ku`fc y`fc d`a`, m`rbf` p`yui`r` `m`f mbak`dj mb umur`f sbkbdua Jku h`ajd sbtbd`h kbrhbftj abfyusuj f`ftj. I`d`a < kud`f pbrt`a` jfj, Jku `m`f abdjh`t ouc` i`br`h sbmjt`r puttjfc i`f puttjfc susufy` `m`f kbw`rf` dbkjh cbd`p, i`f m`rbf` tbro`ij pbfjfcm`t`f pbrsbij``f i`r`h mbsbduruh tukuh a`m` i`br`h sbmjt`r p`yui`r` `m`f t`ap`m k`y`fc`f pbakuduh-pbakuduh vbf` ijk`w`h mudjt p`yui`r`fy`. ;.
\brjfc Ku`fc @jr Mbljd
Jku `m`f abr`s` dbkjh sbrjfc jfcjf ku`fc `jr mbljd, jfj m`rbf` `i`fy` pbrtuakuh`f r`hja y`fc abfbm`f m`fiufc mbfljfc Jku i`f pbruk`h`f heraef`d. Jfc`t o`fc`f abfcur`fcj pba`sum`f l`jr`f / ajfua Jku uftum abfc`t`sj prekdba jfj m`rbf` Jku h`ajd kutuh l`jr`f dbkjh p`i` s``t h`ajd jfj. I`f tbt`p o`c` pbrsef`d hycjbfbfy`. <.
Mefstjp`sj
Jku aufcmjf `m`f abr`s` mbsudjt`f uftum ku`fc `jr kbs`r, h`d jfj m`rbf` pbfjfcm`t`f heraefb precbstbref y`fc abfybk`km`f rbd`ms`sj etet sbhjfcc` usus mur`fc bnjsjbf, ouc` Y`kdbt _`t Kbsj (jref) y`fc ijkbrjm`f edbh iemtbr kj`s`fy` abfybk`km`f a`s`d`h mefstjp`sj jfj sbd`jf jtu z`t kbsj t`kdbt `m`f abfybk`km`f w`rf` nbsbs Jku mbhjt`a`f, o`fc`f mu`tjr. @t`sj ibfc`f k`fy`m ajfua `jr, a`m`f`f y`fc kbrsbr`t tjfccj (s`yur`f i`f ku`h`f) sbrt` ed`hr`c`. 9.
Aerfjfc \jlmfbss (Au`d Auft`h)
\bp`ruh i`rj w`fjt` h`ajd abfc`d`aj au`d i`f aud`j p`i` kud`f mb iu`. Au`d tbrh`i`p a`m`f`f tbrtbftu, k`hm`f h`fy` m`rbf` abfljua k`u a`m`f`f tbrtbftu s`o`. H`d jfj m`rbf` `i`fy` pbfjfcm`t`f heraef`d. @t`sj ibfc`f a`m`f i`d`a ouad`h sbijmjt t`pj sbrjfc, o`fc`f a`m`f i`d`a ouad`h `t`u persj kbs`r h`fy` abaku`t pbrut au`d. Jku t`m pbrdu
-9-
mu`tjr m`d`u k`yjfy` t`m lumup futrjsj. Ij `w`d mbh`ajd`f jfj mbk`fy`m`f w`fjt` h`ajd h`fy` sbijmjt s`o` abfjfcm`t kbr`t k`i`ffy` i`f jfj tji`m abapbfc`ruhj pbrmbak`fc`f k`yj. I`f o`fc`f mh`w`tjr kj`s`fy` mbduh`f au`d-auft`h `m`f abfchjd`fc p`i` `mhjr trjabstbr pbrt`a`. Hukufcj iemtbr `t`u kji`f kjd` au`d-auft`h abfo`ij s`fc`t hbk`t, sbhjfcc` Jku h`ajd tji`m i`p`t a`m`f `t`u ajfua `p`puf ouc` i`f i`p`t abfjakudm`f
mbmur`fc`f
l`jr`f/ibhjir`sj.
(Hjpbrbabsjs
cr`vji`rua). 2.
Abr`s` Dbd`h
Jku `m`f abr`s` dbd`h, h`d jfj m`rbf` tukuh Jku kbmbro` sbl`r` `mtjn uftum abfybsu`jm`f sbl`r` njsjm i`f baesjef`d uftum mbh`ajd`f jfj. Ouc` pbfjfcm`t`f heraef`d i`p`t abapbfc`ruhj ped` tjiur Jku h`ajd. L`rjd`h w`mtu uftum kbrjstjr`h`t sbi`p`t aufcmjf. >.
\`mjt Mbp`d`
Jku aufcmjf `m`f abr`s` s`mjt mbp`d` y`fc dbkjh sbrjfc i`rjp`i` kj`s`, h`d jfj aufcmjf m`rbf` r`s` au`d, mbdbd`h`f, d`p`r, tbm`f`f i`r`h rbfi`h, i`f i`p`t ouc` m`rbf` pbr`s``f tbc`fc `t`u k`hm`f ibprbsj. @t`sj ibfc`f kbrjstjr`h`t, i`f a`m`f`f ibfc`f a`m`f sbijmjt t`pj sbrjfc kj`s`fy` i`p`t abfedefc, rbd`ms. Kjd` s`mjt mbp`d` sba`mjf tbr`s` kbr`t sblbp`tfy` hukufcj iemtbr `t`u kji`f. (p`i` mbh`ajd`f d`fout s`mjt mbp`d` i`p`t abfo`ij tJku prb-bmd`apsj`, y`fc kj`s`fy` ijsbrt`j ibfc`f pbfjfcm`t`f tbm`f`f i`r`h i`f m`mj-t`fc`f kbfcm`m). 3.
Wusjfc
Abr`s` pusjfc sbrjfc p`i` `w`d mbh`ajd`f h`d jfj m`rbf` `i`fy` pbfjfcm`t`f tuftut`f i`r`h mb tukuh sbhjfcc` sbw`mtu Jku kbruk`h pesjsj i`rj tjiur `t`u iuium mb pesjsj kbrijrj sbl`r` tjk`-tjk`, sjstba sjrmud`sj i`r`h mbsudjt`f uftum
-2-
kbr`i`pt`sj. Kjd` r`s` pusjfc tbt`p tjakud mbtjm` Jku h`ajd sbi`fc iuium, jfj kj`s`fy` m`rbf` abfuruffy` dbvbd cud` i`r`h. A`m`fd`h sbijmjt-sbijmjt t`pj sbrjfc. Kjd` sbrjfc abr`s` sbpbrtj jfcjf pjfcs`f pbrjms`d`h mb iemtbr `t`u kji`f uftum ababrjms` `i`fy` mbaufcmjf`f `fbaj`. 8.
Mr`a Wbrut
W`i` trjabstbr `w`d jfj, Jku h`ajd aufcmjf abfc`d`aj mr`a pbrut `t`u mr`a sbpbrtj abfstru`sj `t`u r`s` s`mjt sbpbrtj ijtusum y`fc tjakud sbkbft`r i`f tji`m abfbt`p. H`d jfj sbrjfc tbro`ij i`f mbaufcmjf`f m`rbf` `i`fy` pbrtuakuh`f i`f pbakbs`r`f
i`rj
r`hja
ija`f`
etet
i`f
djc`abftua
abrbfcc`fc uftum abfyemefc r`hja. Z`fc h`rus ijjfc`t `p`kjd` mr`a pbrut y`fc tjakud ijsbrt`j pbri`r`h`f v`cjf`, hukufcj iemtbr `t`u kji`f sbcbr`, m`rbf` mbiu` t`fi` jfj kbrhukufc`f ibfc`f mbcucur`f. :.
Abdui`h
O`fc`f abr`s` a`du kjd` abr`s` `jr dui`h Jku abfo`ij `c`m kbrdbkjh, h`d jfj kj`s` tbro`ij p`i` mbh`ajd`f kj`s`fy` p`i` Jku h`ajd y`fc abfc`d`aj aerfjfc sjlmfbss. Jfj kj`s`fy` tjakud p`i` trjabstbr pbrt`a` t`pj o`r`fc tbro`ij. @t`sj ibfc`f sjm`t cjcj `t`u melem audut `t`u js`p pbrabf y`fc abfc`fiufc ajft. Ajft ijpbrl`y` i`p`t abfcur`fcj `jr dui`h. 07. Baesjef`d
W`i`
trjabstbr
`w`d
mbh`ajd`f
jfj
ouc`
tbro`ij
abapbfc`ruhj baesjef`d abfo`ij t`m st`kjd, h`d jfj m`rbf` `i`fy` pbruk`h`f heraef i`f ouc` r`s` t`fccufc o`w`k k`ru sbk`c`j sber`fc l`def Jku. L`r` abfc`t`sjfy` `i`d`h lek`d`h uftum abfl`rj w`mtu uftum ijrj sbfijrj, kjl`r`m`fd`h pbr`s``f Jku mbp`i` er`fc tbribm`t `t`u iemtbr `t`u kji`f Jku. I`f uftufcfy`, tukuh
->-
p`i` `mhjrfy` sbl`r` kbrt`h`p i`p`t kbr`i`pt`sj tbrh`i`p pbruk`h`f heraef`d jfj sbhjfcc` abaku`t hjiup dbkjh jfi`h. 00. Wbfjfcm`t`f Kbr`t K`i`f
W`i` `mhjr trjabstbr pbrt`a` jfj Jku `m`f mbsudjt`f uftum aba`s`fc m`fljfc rem/lbd`f` p`fo`fc Jku. H`d jfj kum`f kbr`rtj `i`fy` pbfjfcm`t`f kbr`t k`i`f y`fc k`fy`m t`pj m`rbf` r`hja kbrmbak`fc i`f ababrdum`f ru`fc uftum pbrmbak`fc`f k`yj i`f jfj sbau` m`rbf` pbfc`ruh i`rj heraef bstrecbf y`fc abfybk`km`f pbakbs`r`f r`hja i`f heraef precbstbref y`fc abfybk`km`f tukuh abf`h`f `jr.
K. Wbruk`h`f Yukuh Jku H`ajd W`i` Yrjabstbr mb-; (0<-;8 ajfccu)
Ij trjabstbr mbiu` jfj pbrut `m`f aud`j mbdjh`t`f abakbs`r i`f iufj` du`r `m`f abfy`i`rj m`d`u Jku `m`f abfo`ij l`def Jku k`ru. Yrjabstbr mbiu` ij`fcc`p sbk`c`j a`s` mbh`ajd`f y`fc tbrk`jm sbk`k Jku `m`f abr`s` dbkjh fy`a`f s``t jfj. Wbrut Jku kbdua tbrd`du kbs`r Jku a`sjh i`p`t abd`mum`f `mtjnjt`s sbh`rjh`rj, ija`f` r`s` au`d, dba`s, i`f mbduh`f d`jffy` p`i` trjabstbr pbrt`a` `m`f hjd`fc, k`hm`f Jku abr`s` dbkjh bfbrcjm s``t jfj. Kbkbr`p` pbruk`h`f y`fc tbro`ij p`i` mbh`ajd`f trjabstbr mbiu` (0<-;8 ajfccu)? 0.
Wbrut \ba`mjf Abakbs`r
\btbd`h 0; ajfccu, r`hja abakbs`r i`f abdbw`tj refcc` p`fccud. Wbakbs`r`f r`hja `m`f kbrtuakuh sbmjt`r 0 la sbtj`p ajfccu. W`i` mbh`ajd`f ;7 ajfccu k`cj`f tbr`t`s r`hja sbo`o`r ibfc`f pus`r (uakjdjlus). \btj`p jfijvjiu `m`f kbrkbi`-kbi` t`pj mbk`fy`m`f w`fjt` `m`f aud`j t`ap`m pbakbs`r`f pbrutfy` p`i` mbh`ajd`f 0> ajfccu.
-3-
;.
\bfi`w` I`f Ku`fc @fcjf
W`i` trjabstbr jfj Jku h`ajd `m`f kbrsbfi`w` `t`u jfcjf ku`fc `fcjf `t`u mbftut p`i` s``t y`fc tji`m sbh`rusfy`. \bfi`w` i`f ku`fc `fcjf `i`d`h mbduh`f y`fc p`djfc sbrjfc sbd`a` mbh`ajd`f. H`d jfj m`rbf` usus abrbfc`fc i`f Jku `m`f abr`s` mbakufc. @t`sj ibfc`f o`fc`f a`m`f i`d`a ouad`h kbs`r `m`f abaku`fc Jku mbakufc i`f t`m fy`a`f, i`f hjfi`rj a`m`f`f y`fc abfybk`km`f k`fy`m c`s sbpbrtj o`cufc, pbrabf, k`w`fc abr`h. <.
Wbdup`
W`i` kbkbr`p` Jku h`ajd `m`f abfo`ij sbijmjt pbdup` sbd`a mbh`ajd`ffy`, @i` kbkbr`p` tberj tbft`fc h`d jfj m`rbf` tukuh Jku tbrus kbmbro` kbrdbkjh`f uftum pbrmbak`fc`f k`yjfy` sbhjfcc` abfjakudm`f kdem pjmjr`f. Y`m pbrdu tbrpbfc`ruh ibfc`f h`d jfj, sbij`m`f l`t`t`f mbljd uftum abak`ftu Jku. I`f kbrjstjr`h`d`h sbi`p`t aufcmjf. 9.
[`s` Fybrj Ij Rdu H`tj
[`s` p`f`s `t`u tbrk`m`r ij i`i` k`cj`f k`w`h `t`u pbrut k`cj`f `t`s t`pj tji`m `i` hukufc`ffy` ibfc`f o`ftufc. H`d jfj m`rbf` `s`a d`akufc f`jm mb mbrefcmefc`f. Wbr`s``f jfj tjakud p`i` w`fjt` h`ajd p`i` trjabstbr mbiu` jfj, h`d jfj m`rbf` heraef precbstbref abfjfcm`t y`fc abfybk`km`f rbd`ms`sj i`rj etet s`dur`f lbrf` i`f ouc` m`rbf` r`hja y`fc sba`mjf abakbs`r y`fc abfierefc k`cj`f `t`s pbrut, sbhjfcc` abfierefc `s`a d`akufc f`jm mb mbrefcmefc`f. Fjd`j pesjtjn i`rj rbd`ms`sj etet s`du`r`f lbrf` `i`d`h cbr`m`f a`m`f`f abfo`ij dbkjh d`ak`t sbhjfcc` futrjsj tbrsbr`p dbkjh k`fy`m. @t`sj ibfc`f o`fc`f a`m`f i`d`a ouad`h kbs`r tbrut`a` sbkbdua a`u tjiur. O`uhj a`m`f`f y`fc pbi`s, kbrajfy`m i`f
-8-
kbrdba`m. S`mtu tjiur a`d`a tjfccjm`f pesjsj mbp`d` Jku sbhjfcc` `s`a d`akufc t`m i`p`t f`jm mb bseph`cus. 2.
Wbrtuakuh`f [`akut I`f Mumu
Wbruk`h`f heraef`d abfybk`km`f mumu `m`f tuakuh dbkjh mu`t i`f tuakuh r`akut dbkjh k`fy`m i`f m`i`fc tuakuh ijtbap`t y`fc tji`m ijjfcjfm`f sbpbrtj ijw`o`h `t`u pbrut. Y`pj t`m pbrdu mu`tjr r`akut y`fc t`m sbabstjfy` jfj `m`f hjd`fc sbtbd`h k`yj d`hjr. >.
\`mjt Ij Wbrut K`cj`f K`w`h
W`i` mbh`ajd`f 08-;9 ajfccu Jku h`ajd `m`f abr`s`m`f fybrj ij pbrut k`cj`f k`w`h y`fc sbpbrtj ijtusum `t`u sbpbrtj tbrt`rjm ij s`tu `t`u iu` sjsj, h`d jfj m`rbf` pbrbfcc`fc`f djc`abftua i`f etet uftum abf`h`f r`hja y`fc sba`mjf abakbs`r. Fybrj h`fy` sbkbft`r i`f t`m abfbt`p. @t`sj ibfc`f iuium `t`u kbrk`rjfc ibfc`f pesjsj y`fc fy`a`f. 3.
Wusjfc
Wusjfc abfo`ij mbduh`f y`fc sbrjfc sbd`a` mbh`ajd`f trjabstbr mbiu` jfj h`d jfj i`p`t tbro`ij mbtjm` pbakbs`r`f i`rj r`hja
y`fc
abfbm`f
pbakuduh
i`r`h
kbs`r
sbhjfcc`
abfybk`km`f tbm`f`f i`r`h abfuruf. @t`sj ibfc`f abd`mum`f pbrpjfi`h`f pesjsj pbd`h`f d`h`f `t`u kbrt`h`p uftum abfchjfi`rj pbruk`h`f tbm`f`f i`r`h y`fc abfi`i`m. 8.
Abfibfcmur
Wbfjfcm`t`f
`djr`f
i`r`h
sbd`a`
mbh`ajd`f
`m`f
abfybk`km`f sbs`m i`f pbakbfcm`m`f abakr`f aumes` y`fc abfjakudm`f abfibfcmur s``t tjiur. :.
Hjiufc I`f Cusj Kbri`r`h
H`d jfj ouc` m`rbf` pbfjfcm`t`f `djr`f i`r`h sbd`a` a`s` mbh`ajd`f. M`i`fc ouc` abfc`d`aj suak`t`f p`i` hjiufc h`d jfj m`rbf` pbruk`h`f heraef`d.
-:-
07. Wbruk`h`f Mudjt
C`rjs mblemd`t`f aud`j i`rj pus`r (uakjdjlus) mb tud`fc pukjs ijsbkut djfb` fjcr`. Mblemd`t`f p`i` w`o`h ijsbkut lhde`sa` `t`u tepbfc mbh`ajd`f, jfj i`p`t abfo`ij pbtufoum mur`fc `s`a ned`t. \trblth a`rm tbro`ij m`rbf` pbrbfc`fc`f mudjt y`fc kbrdbkjh
kj`s`fy`
p`i`
pbrut
i`f
p`yui`r`.
@mjk`t
pbrbfc`fc`f mudjt jfj Jku i`p`t abr`s` c`t`d. 00. W`yui`r`
W`yui`r` `m`f sba`mjf abakbs`r i`f abfcbdu`rm`f l`jr`f y`fc
mbmufjfc`f
y`fc
ijsbkut medestrua.
Wutjfc
i`f
sbmjt`rfy` `m`f sba`mjf kbw`rf` cbd`p i`f kbs`r i`f kjftjmkjftjm mbljd `m`f tjakud ijsbmjt`r puttjfc, jtu `i`d`h mbdbfo`r mudjt. 0;. Mr`a W`i` M`mj
Mr`a etet jfj tjakud m`rbf` sjrmud`sj i`r`h y`fc dbkjh d`ak`t s``t mbh`ajd`f. @t`sj ibfc`f abf`jmm`f m`mj mb`t`s, ajfua lumup m`dsjua. Kjd` tbrmbf` mr`a m`mj mbtjm` iuium `t`u s``t tjiur, lek` uftum abfccbr`m`f o`rj-o`rj m`mj mb`r`h `t`s. 0<. Wbakbfcm`m`f \bijmjt
Wbakbfcm`m`f `i`d`h mefijsj fera`d p`i` mbh`ajd`f, h`apjr 97% w`fjt` h`ajd abfc`d`ajfy`. H`d jfj m`rbf` pbfjfcm`t`f heraef y`fc abf`h`f l`jr`f. W`i` trjabstbr mbiu` jfj `m`f t`ap`m sbijmjt pbakbfcm`m`f p`i` w`o`h, m`mj, t`fc`f. H`d jfj sbrjfc m`rbf` pesjsj iuium `t`u kbrijrj y`fc tbrd`du d`a`. 09. Abr`s`m`f Cbr`m`f K`yj
W`i` mbh`ajd`f ajfccu mb 02-;; Jku `m`f aud`j abr`s`m`f cbr`m`f k`yj y`fc `w`dfy` `m`f tbr`s` sbpbrtj mjk`s`f, tbt`pj ij `mhjr trjabstbr jfj, Jku h`ajd `m`f kbf`r-kbf`r abr`s`m`f pbrcbr`m`f k`yjfy`. W`i` Jku y`fc k`ru pbrt`a` m`dj sbrjfc tji`m i`p`t abfcbf`dj cbr`m`f k`yjfy` s`ap`j ajfccu mb 0:;;.
- 07 -
L. Wbruk`h`f Yukuh Jku H`ajd W`i` Yrjabstbr Mb-< (;:-97 Ajfccu)
W`i` trjabstbr mb tjc` jfj pbrut Jku sui`h abakbs`r. Jku sui`h `m`f abapbrsj`pm`f uftum mbh`ijr`f sj k`yj k`ru i`d`a mbdu`rc` Jku. Aufcmjf Jku `m`f abr`s`m`f kbrk`c`j pbr`s``f baesjef`d y`fc kbrkbi`-kbi`. Mbcbakjr``f uftum kbrtbau k`yj k`ru Jku. Aufcmjf Jku ouc` mu`tjr ibfc`f mbsbh`t`f k`yj Jku. Jku aud`j kbrnjmjr tbft`fc pbrs`djf`f. Ibfc`f t`ak`h`f pbruk`h`f baesj jfj, tukuh sbl`r` njsjm ouc` abfc`d`aj pbruk`h`f p`i` trjabstbr `mhjr jfj. Kbkbr`p` pbruk`h`f y`fc tbro`ij p`i` mbh`ajd`f trjabstbr mb tjc`? 0.
\@MJY WRFCCRFC \`mjt p`i` pufccufc, h`d jfj m`rbf` `i` pbfjfcm`t`f kbk`f
kbr`t y`fc Jku h`ajd k`w` y`jtu k`yj i`d`a m`fiufc`f. W`m`jd`h sbp`tu y`fc kbrtuajt rbfi`h. Hjfi`rj abfc`fcm`t kbfi` y`fc kbr`t. Kbrijrj i`f kbro`d`f ibfc`f pufccufc i`f k`hu y`fc tbc`m. Ajft`d`h pbrtedefc`f uftum abd`mum`f pbmbro``f rua`h
sbhjfcc` t`m pbrdu abakufcmum tbrd`du
sbrjfc. W`m`jd`h m`sur y`fc fy`a`f. ;.
W@ZRI@[@
Mbdu`rfy` l`jr`f i`rj p`yui`r` y`jtu medestrua `i`d`h a`m`f`f k`yj pbrt`a` y`fc m`y` `m`f pretbjf. <.
MEF\YJW@\J
W`i` trjabstbr mb tjc` jfj mefstjp`sj ouc` m`rbf` tbm`f`f r`hja y`fc abakbs`r mb i`br`h usus sbd`jf pbfjfcm`t`f heraef precbstbref. @t`sj ibfc`f a`m`f`f kbrsbr`t ku`h`f i`f s`yur`f sbrt` ajfua `jr y`fc k`fy`m, sbrt` ed`hr`c`. 9.
WB[F@N@\@F
W`i` mbh`ajd`f <<-<> k`fy`m Jku h`ajd `m`f abr`s` sus`h kbrf`n`s h`d jfj m`rbf` tbm`f`f k`yj y`fc kbr`i` ijk`w`
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ij`nr`ca` abfbm`f p`ru Jku. Y`pj sbtbd`h mbp`d` k`yj sui`h turuf mb refcc` p`fccud jfj kj`s`fy` p`i` ;-< ajfccu sbkbdua pbrs`djf`f p`i` Jku y`fc pbrt`a` m`dj h`ajd a`m` Jku `m`f abr`s` dbc` i`f kbrf`n`s dbkjh aui`h. \bd`jf jtu ouc` r`s` tbrk`m`r ij i`i` (hb`rt kurf) kj`s`fy` ouc` jmut hjd`fc m`rbf` kbrmur`fcfy` tbm`f`f k`cj`f tukuh k`yj ijk`w`h tud`fc jc` Jku. 2.
\B[JFC MBFLJFC
Wbakbs`r`f r`hja i`f mbtjm` mbp`d` k`yj turuf mb refcc` p`fccud `m`f a`mjf abfbm`f m`fiufc mbfljfc Jku. >.
A@\@D@H YJIR[
\btbd`h pbrut Jku kbs`r Jku i`f k`yj Jku abfbfi`fc ij a`d`a h`rj Jku `m`f abfbaum`f mbsudjt`f uftum i`p`t tjiur fybfy`m. Lek`d`h uftum abfybsu`jm`f pesjsj tjiur sbfy`a`f aufcmjf. 3.
^@[J\B\
Wbfjfcm`t`f veduab i`r`h i`f `djr`ffy` sbd`a` mbh`ajd`f `m`f abfbm`f i`br`h p`fccud i`f vbf` ij m`mj, y`fc abfybk`km`f vbf` abfefoed. I`f p`i` `mhjr mbh`ajd`f mbp`d` k`yj ouc` `m`f abfbm`f vbf` i`br`h p`fccud. ^`rjsbs ouc` ijpbfc`ruhj n`mter mbturuf`f. @t`sj ibfc`f l`r` pesjsjm`f m`mj Jku dbkjh `t`s i`rj k`i`f mbtjm` kbrjstjr`h`t `t`u tjiur`f. W`m`jd`h lbd`f` `t`u m`es m`mj y`fc i`p`t abfsuppert Jku, p`m`j ijp`cj h`rj i`f dbp`sm`f mbtjm` Jku pbrcj tjiur. Hjfi`rj kbrijrj `t`u iuium tbrd`du d`a`, lek`d`h uftum kbro`d`f-o`d`f. 8.
MEFY[@M\J WB[RY
Kr`xtef-Hjlms `t`u meftr`msj p`dsu. Meftr`msj kbrup` r`s` s`mjt y`fc rjfc`f, tji`m tbr`tur, i`f hjd`fc kjd` Jku iuium `t`u jstjr`h`t.
- 0; -
:.
KBFCM@M
Wbrtuakuh`f k`yj `m`f abfjfcm`tm`f tbm`f`f p`i` i`br`h m`mj i`f pbrcbd`fc`f m`mj Jku, m`i`fc t`fc`f kbfcm`m ouc`. Jfj ijsbkut biba`, ijsbk`km`f edbh pbruk`h`f heraef`d y`fc abfybk`km`f rbtbfsj l`jr`f. 07. M[@A M@MJ
Jfj sbrjfc tbro`ij p`i` mbh`ajd`f trjabstbr mb ; i`f <, i`f kj`s`fy` kbrhukufc`f ibfc`f pbruk`h`f sjrmud`sj, tbm`f`f p`i` s`r`n ijm`mj `t`u m`rbf` rbfi`hfy` m`i`r m`dsjua. 00. L@J[@F ^@CJF@
Wbfjfcm`t`f l`jr`f v`cjf` sbd`a` mbh`ajd`f `i`d`h fera`d. L`jr`f kj`s`fy` obrfjh, p`i` `w`d mbh`ajd`f kj`s`fy` `c`m mbft`d i`f abfibm`tj pbrs`djf`f dbkjh l`jr. Z`fc tbrpbftjfc `i`d`h tbt`p abfo`c` mbkbrsjh`f Jku. Hukufcj iemtbr `t`u kji`f kjd` l`jr`f kbrk`u, tbr`s` c`t`d, s`mjt.
\bpbrtj y`fc mjt` mbt`huj kbrs`a`, W`i` a`s` jfj o`fjf sui`h tbrkbftum ibfc`f sbapurf` i`f sbi`fc i`d`a pbrsj`p`f uftum ijd`hjrm`f. Yukuhfy` a`mjf kbrjsj m`rbf` o`rjfc`f dba`m aud`j `i` ij k`w`h mudjt o`fjf. Dba`m jfj `m`f abak`ftu o`fjf ababdjh`r` suhu tukuhfy` s``t ijd`hjrm`f. W`i` ajfccu mb-<;, o`fjf aud`j i`p`t abfccbr`mm`f ked` a`t`fy` i`f a`apu abakbi`m`f `ft`r` cbd`p i`f tbr`fc. Wbrt`ak`h`f kbr`t tukuh o`fjf ouc` abfo`ij dbkjh lbp`t ijk`fijfcm`f p`i` ajfccuajfccu sbkbduafy`. O`fjf ouc` sui`h abajdjmj mumu o`rj t`fc`f, mumu o`rj m`mj, k`hm`f r`akut ij mbp`d`fy`. Ibfc`f pbrmbak`fc`f jfj r`hja Jku abfo`ij s`fc`t sbapjt k`cj o`fjf sbhjfcc`, w`d`upuf j` a`sjh sbrjfc kbrcbr`m, j` tji`m i`p`t abd`mum`f sbdbdu`s` sbkbduafy`. W`i` ajfccu mb-<>, sbau` erc`f tukuh o`fjf tbd`h kbrmbak`fc sbapurf`. Aud`j s``t jfj, kj`s`fy` Jku h`ajd h`rus ababrjms`m`f ijrj mb iemtbr m`fiufc`f `t`u kji`f sbtj`p ajfccu s`ap`j i`t`fc a`s`
- 0< -
kbrs`djf. W`i` a`s` jfj ouc`, kj`s`fy` mbp`d` o`fjf tbd`h kbr`i` ij k`w`h i`f sj`p ij o`d`f d`hjr. K`hm`f, kbkbr`p` o`fjf m`i`fc-m`i`fc sui`h tbrmuflj mbp`d`fy` p`i` tud`fc p`fccud/pbdvjs. Wesjsj jfj kj`s` ijsbkut bfc`cbabft. Ojm` pesjsj mbp`d` o`fjf sui`h tbrmuflj ij k`w`h, kj`s`fy` tbm`f`f p`i` tud`fc rusum aud`j kbrmur`fc i`f Jku `m`f dbkjh aui`h kbrf`p`s, s`mjt d`akufc puf sui`h kbrmur`fc. F`auf, p`i` pesjsj jfj, Jku `m`f abr`s` dbkjh sudjt uftum kbro`d`f m`rbf` tbm`f`f mbp`d` o`fjf kbr`i` ij `ft`r` mbiu` m`mj. Yji`m sbau` w`fjt` h`ajd abr`s`m`f cbo`d` jfj i`f, p`i` kbkbr`p` m`sus, `i` mbaufcmjf`f mbp`d` o`fjf kbdua tbrmuflj p`i` tud`fc p`fccud.
\bau` mbh`ajd`f i`f presbs pbrs`djf`f jtu ufjm. Edbh m`rbf` jtu, h`apjr sbau` Jku abajdjmj pbfc`d`a`f y`fc kbrkbi`.
;.0.; Mbsbjak`fc`f tukuh i`f Wjmjr`f \bd`a` H`ajd.
Mbsbjak`fc`f `ft`r` tukuh i`f pjmjr`f ij kutuhm`f uftum abfl`p`j mefijsj sbh`t sbl`r` psjmedecjs. Mbtjm` mbsbh`t`f psjmedecjs tbrl`p`j, sbl`r` etea`tjs tukuh mjt` `m`f abfo`ij dbkjh sbh`t. F`auf, m`ua Jku pbrdu kbrus`h` dbkjh mbr`s uftum abfl`p`j mbsbjak`fc`f jfj m`rbf`, s``t h`ajd pbruk`h`f heraef y`fc tbro`ij kj`s`fy` abapbfc`ruhj mefijsj ojw` i`f pjmjr`f Jku. I`f ibaj o`fjf y`fc `i` i`d`a m`fiufc`f, Jku h`rus sbf`ftj`s` ababdjh`r` mbsbjak`fc`f jfj. Ibprbsj i`f mbtji`msbjak`fc`f pjmjr`f i`p`t ijr`s`m`f edbh k`yj i`d`a m`fiufc`f i`f i`p`t kbrpbfc`ruh p`i` pbrmbak`fc`ffy`. \``t h`ajd, mefijsj heraef lbfibrufc abfljpt`m`f mbtji`mst`kjd`f tukuh i`f pjmjr`f sbhjfcc` Jku abfo`ij dbkjh aui`h p`fjm, aui`h tbrsjfccufc, o`uh dbkjh sbfsjtjn, aui`h tbrpbfc`ruh, lbp`t a`r`h, abfo`ij tji`m r`sjef`d, i`f sbk`c`jfy`. [`s` t`mut i`f p`fjm
- 09 -
kbri`ap`m fbc`tjn p`i` Jku sbo`m a`s` mbh`ajd`f s`ap`j pbrs`djf`f. \bk`djmfy`, r`s` tbf`fc i`f fy`a`f abakbrjm`f pbfc`ruh y`fc pesjtjn. Wbfc`ruh pesjtjn jfj tji`m h`fy` ijr`s`m`f Jku i`f k`yj i`d`a m`fiufc`ffy`, tbt`pj ouc` edbh djfcmufc`f sbmjt`rfy` tbrut`a` mbdu`rc`. [`s` tbf`fc `m`f abaku`t Jku tji`m kbcjtu abr`s` s`mjt s``t kbrs`djf m`rbf` tukuh i`f pjmjr`f y`fc tbf`fc abfierefc mbsbh`t`f `ur` i`f aba`fl`rm`f `ur` y`fc pesjtjn. Jtud`h sbk`kfy` mbsbjak`fc`f tukuh i`f pjmjr`f h`rus sbd`du tbrpbdjh`r`, mhususfy` p`i` Jku h`ajd. M`rbf` tukuh i`f pjmjr`f mjt` `m`f abfl`p`j mefijsj y`fc s`fc`t sbh`t i`f eptja`d mbtjm` mbiu`fy` kbmbro`s`a` sbl`r` sbjak`fc i`f sbd`r`s.
;.; [@\@ \@MJY \@@Y ABD@HJ[M@F
[`s` s`mjt s``t abd`hjrm`f, y`fc kbr`i` ij c`rjs ibp`f sbk`cj`f kbs`r pjmjr`f pbrbapu`f mbtjm` abrbm` abak`y`fcm`f tbft`fc kbrs`djf i`f d`hjr, tbd`h ijhukufcm`f ibfc`f kbkbr`p` n`mter ? Kbrmur`fcfy` supd`j emsjcbf p`i` etet r`hja. [`s` s`mjt s``t abd`hjrm`f dbkjh du`s om` sbd`fc w`mtu ij `ft`r` meftr`msj dbkjh sjfcm`t, sbhjfcc` abflbc`h pbf`ak`h`f emsjcbf p`i` etet r`hja. Wbakbs`r`f dbhbr r`hja. Meftr`msj i`f pbrbc`fc`f r`hja. Meftr`msj audut r`hja. Ybm`f`f k`yj p`i` ur`t s`r`n i`d`a i`f ibm`t ibfc`f dbhbr r`hja i`f v`cjf`. Ybm`f`f i`f pbakbs`r`f jm`t`f sbfij tud`fc pbfiumufc r`hja i`f sbfij p`fccud sbd`a` meftr`msj i`f mbdu`rfy` k`yj. Ybm`f`f p`i` s`dur`f mbfljfc , m`fiufc mbajh, i`f iukur. Wbakbs`r`f etet-etet k`w`h p`fccud i`f o`rjfc`f-o`rjfc`f v`cjf`d. [`s` t`mut i`f lba`s, y`fc i`p`t abfybk`km`f pbdbp`s` heraef strbs y`fc kbrdbkjh`f (bpjfbphrjfb, ferbpjfbphrjfb, i`f d`jffy`), y`fc abfybk`km`f r`s` s`mjt s``t abd`hjrm`f dbkjh d`a` i`f lumup k`fy`m.
- 02 -
Wbrsbpsj tbft`fc r`s` s`mjt s``t abd`hjrm`f s`fc`t kbrv`rj`sj i`rj s`tu Jku h`ajd ibfc`f Jku h`ajd d`jffy`. K`fy`m n`mter y`fc abapbfc`ruhj kjs` abf`ak`h `t`u abfcur`fcj tjfcm`t pba`h`a`f w`fjt` tbft`fc r`s` s`mjt s``t abd`hjrm`f, abfl`mup ?
Wbfc`d`a`f ijrjfy` tbrh`i`p r`s` s`mjt sbkbduafy`, pbr`w`t`f abijs i`f pbrs`djf`f.
Wbfcbt`hu`f tbft`fc abd`hjrm`f (n`mt` i`f ajtes) y`fc ijpbredbh i`rj er`fc-er`fc, kumu-kumu, i`f abij` d`jffy`.
D`t`r kbd`m`fc kui`y`.
Mbsbh`t`f Jku sbl`r` uaua.
Wbrsbpsj tbft`fc ijrj sbfijrj sbk`c`j er`fc y`fc kjs` `t`uf tji`m kjs` abf`h`f r`s` s`mjt. N`mter-n`mter y`fc abapbfc`ruhj r`s` fybrj p`i` pbrs`djf`f ? `) Jftbfsjt`s i`f d`a`fy` meftr`msj. k) Kbs`rfy` pbakum``f audut r`hja. l) [bc`fc`f o`d`f d`hjr k`cj`f k`w`h. i) Raur. b) K`fy`mfy` pbrs`djf`f. n) Rmur`f i`f pesjsj k`yj. c) D`a`fy` abd`hjrm`f. h) Mbkbk`s`f uftum kbrcbr`m. j) Yjfcm`t mbl`p`j`f, mblba`s`f, i`f mbt`mut`f. o) Wbr`s``f mbsbfijrj`f kbrh`i`pf ibfc`f iumufc`f. m) Yjfcm`t pbrl`y` ijrj i`f mbsj`p`f.
[`s` s`mjt `m`f kbrmur`fc ojm` ?
Ijtba`fj i`f ijiumufc edbh su`aj, i`f `t`u pbtuc`s abijs y`fc kbrpbfc`d`a`f.
Lumup jstjr`h`t, lek` uftum jstjr`h`t, i`f rbd`ms ij `ft`r` w`mtu meftr`msj.
Ybt`p a`m`f a`m`f`f mbljd p`i` s``t pbrs`djf`f ijfj= tbrus abfchjs`p sbrpjh`f bs k`tu, `t`u abfybiet `jr, kjd` ijpbrkedbhm`f.
- 0> -
Abfc`djhm`f pjmjr`f p`i` h`d d`jf i`f tji`m abaus`tm`f pbrh`tj`f.
Abfccuf`m`f tbmfjm rbd`ms`sj ij `ft`r` w`mtu meftr`msj.
O`uh sbkbduafy`, kbd`o`r tbft`fc mbd`hjr`f, abfch`i`pj meftr`msj s`tu pbr s`tu, i`f tji`m abfcmh`w`tjrm`f tbft`fc `p` y`fc `m`f tbro`ij.
Kbrpjmjr tbft`fc kbr`p` kbruftufcfy` sber`fc Jku i`f h`ij`h i`rj pbrs`djf`f y`fc `m`f sbcbr` auflud.
Fybrj `m`f abfjfcm`t sbl`r` psjmedecjs, `p`kjd` sber`fc Jku ?
\bfijrj`f
Mbdbtjh`f
H`us i`f d`p`r
Kbrpjmjr tbft`fc fybrj `t`u abfch`r`pm`f fybrj
\trbs i`f mblba`s`f, ijt`ak`h tbc`fc sbd`a` meftr`msj
Y`mut `m`f h`d-h`d y`fc tji`m ijmbt`huj
Abfc`sjh`fj ijrj sbfijrj
;.< [BD@M\@\J I@D@A MBH@AJD@F
Mbst`kjd`f
baesj,
r`s`
fy`a`f,
i`f
pbr`s``f
rbd`ms
s`fc`t
abapbfc`ruhj pbrmbak`fc`f k`yj, a`m` ojm` sber`fc w`fjt` h`ajd `d`fcm`h dbkjh k`jmfy` ojm` h`d-h`d tbrsbkut ij `t`s ijajdjmj edbh Jku h`ajd. Wbrmbak`fc`f k`yj y`fc eptja`d s``t i`d`a m`fiufc`f `m`f abapbfc`ruhj mbsumsbs`ffy` ij a`s` y`fc `m`f i`t`fc mbd`m. ;.<.0
A`fn``t rbd`ms`sj uftum tukuh Jku
- 03 -
[bd`ms`sj i`p`t abd`fl`rm`f sjrmud`sj i`r`h p`i` r`hja, pd`sbft`, i`f o`fjf. \bhjfcc` mbkutuh`f emsjcbf i`f a`m`f`f o`fjf tbrpbfuhj. \jrmud`sj i`r`h y`fc d`fl`r ouc `m`f abak`ftu etet-etet y`fc kbrhukufc`f ibfc`f m`fiufc`f i`f o`fjf, sbpbrtj etet p`fccud, pufccufc, i`f pbrut, abfo`ij rjdbms i`f mbfiur. Ibfc`f rbd`ms`sj Jku puf `m`f abr`s` fy`a`f sbd`a` abfo`d`fj mbh`ajd`f i`f abr`s` dbkjh sj`p s``t pbrs`djf`f.
;.<.;
Ybmfjm [bd`ms`sj @. Mefsbftr`sj Wjmjr`f
0.
Ybmfjm Wbfiudua @akjd`h sbut`s kbf`fc `t`u t`dj y`fc `c`m tbk`d ibfc`f p`fo`fc 02-;7 la. Jm`tm`f kbfi` sbpbrtj mdjp, k`tu mbrjmjd, `t`u ljfljf p`i` uoufc kbf`fc `t`u t`dj tbrsbkut. D`du aud`jd`h abd`tjh mefsbftr`sj `fi`. D`du, aud`jd`h abd`tjh mefsbftr`sj Jku ? `. Wbc`fc uoufc t`dj ibfc`f oba`rj t`fc`f Jku ibfc`f k`cj`f y`fc
kbr`i` ij k`w`h sbhjfcc` Jku `m`f
abfi`p`t sbku`h pbfiudua y`fc abfccbd`ftufc. k. Y`rjmd`h f`p`s p`fo`fc `c`r pjmjr`f i`p`t rjdbms i`f tbrnemus p`i` pbfiudua. Yutupd`h a`t` Jku s``t abf`rjm f`p`s, ojm` pbrdu. l. Kjl`r`d`h i`f fj`tm`f p`i` t`t`r`f `d`a k`w`h s`i`r Jku k`hw` Jku `m`f aba`sumj `d`a k`w`h s`i`r. i. Hjd`fcm`f sbau` h`d y`fc `i` ijsbmjt`r Jku, o`fc`f pjmjrm`f h`d d`jf. b. D`du, pbrd`h`f kum`d`h a`t` Jku, tbt`pd`h i`d`a mefijsj tbrnemus. n.
Y`rjmd`h f`p`s p`fo`fc i`f bakusm`f ibfc`f pbrd`h`f i`f tbf`fc.
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c. Ibfc`f pjmjr`f y`fc tbf`fc, fj`tm`f pbfiudua uftum kbrcbr`m pbrd`h`f-d`h`f, mb m`f`f-mjrj, mb ibp`fkbd`m`fc `t`u kbrput`r mb m`f`f d`du mb mjrj, tbt`pj o`fc`f dup` uftum abapbrt`h`fm`f mefijsj rjdbms i`f tbrnemus p`i` Jku. h. Lek`d`h kbkbr`p` s``t, fj`tm`f pbfiudua uftum kbrcbr`m sbsu`j fj`t h`tj Jku, k`jm uftum `r`h a`up`uf uftum mblbp`t`ffy`. j.
Mbtjm` Jku tbd`h abfl`p`j mefijsj rjdbms i`f tbrnemus y`fc abfi`d`a, pbfiudua `m`f kbrcbr`m sbsu`j y`fc ijfj`tm`f h`tj Jku.
o.
D`mum`f d`tjh`f rbd`ms`sj i`f nemus jfj uftum kbkbr`p` s``t.
m. Ojm` Jku tbd`h sbdbs`j, fj`tm`f ibfc`f pjmjrj`f `c`r pbfiudua kbrcbr`m a`mjf pbrd`h`f hjfcc` `mhjrfy` kbrhbftj. d.
Yufccud`h kbkbr`p` s``t s`ap`j pbfiudua kbrhbftj sbsu`j ibfc`f y`fc Jku fj`tm`f.
a. Ojm` pbfiudua tbd`h kbrhbftj t`rjmd`h f`n`s y`fc p`fo`fc i`f i`d`a, d`du mbak`djm`f mbs`i`r`f Jku mb djfcmufc`f sbmjt`r.
;.
Ybmfjm Ked` Bfbrcj Ybmfjm jfj iucuf`m`f uftum abd`tjh nemus i`f mefsbftr`sj ibfc`f
abr`s`m`f
`i`fy`
cbdeak`fc
bfbrcj
y`fc
abfcbdjdjfcj tukuh Jku. Jku tji`m ababrdum`f `d`t k`ftu `p`puf i`d`a abd`mum`f d`tjh`f jfj. Jmutj d`fcm`h-d`fcm`h kbrjmut ? `. @akjdd`h pesjsj iuium y`fc p`djfc fy`a`f uftum Jku. k. Fj`tm`f k`hw` `fi` `m`f rjdbms.
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l. Wbo`am`f
a`t`
i`f
abfccbakufcm`f
pbrut
t`rjmd`h Jku
f`p`s
mbauij`f
ibfc`f bakusm`f
pbrd`h`f. i. Aud`jd`h abaus`tm`f pjmjr`f Jku p`i` bfbrcj ij t`fc`f sbkbd`h m`f`f. b. [`s`m`f `i`fy` bfbrcj y`fc abfc`djr ij t`fc`f m`f`f Jku, o`ijd`h bfbrcj jtu sbfijrj, kbrf`p`sd`h sbjrjfc ibfc`f mbh`ijr`f bfbrcj y`fc Jku r`s`m`f. n.
@r`hm`f pbrh`tj`f p`i` t`fc`f mjrj Jku i`f d`mum`f h`d y`fc s`a` ibfc`f y`fc Jku d`mum`f p`i` t`fc`f m`f`f Jku. Ybt`pd`h ababo`am`f a`t` i`f kbrf`p`sd`h i`d`a-
i`d`a ibfc`f rjdbms i`f tbr`tur. c. Wus`tm`f pjmjr`f i`f `fcm`td`h mbiu` t`fc`f Jku ibfc`f `a`t pbrd`h`f. M`tupm`f mbiu` tbd`p`m t`fc`f ij ibp`f i`i` Jku. h. [`s`m`f `i`fy` bfbrcj y`fc abfc`djr i`f aud`j tbrkbftum ijsbmbdjdjfc t`fc`f Jku. j.
\btbd`h kbkbr`p` s``t lek`d`h abf`rjm mbiu` t`fc`f Jku `c`r abfo`uh, tbt`pj o`fc`f tbrd`du dbk`r.
o.
D`du, pbrtbaum`f mbak`dj mbiu` tbd`p`m t`fc`f Jku ij ibp`f i`i`.
m. Rd`fcj jr`a` jfj kbkbr`p` m`dj hjfcc` Jku i`p`t abr`s`m`f `i`fy` cbdeak`fc `t`u bfbrcj d`jf y`fc t`m tbrdjh`t kbr`i` ij`ft`r` mbiu` tbd`p`m t`fc`f `m`f `i` su`tu bfbrcj y`fc abfc`h`d`fcj sbhjfcc` mbiu` tbd`p`m t`fc`f tji`m i`p`t kbrtbau. d.
Ybf`fcm`f pjmjr`f Jku `c`r bfbrcj i`p`t tbrkbftum sba`mjf kbs`r ibfc`f abf`rjm t`fc`f Jku i`f mbak`dj kbrus`h` abapbrtbaum`ffy`.
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a. Rd`fcj cbr`m`f jfj kbkbr`p` m`dj hjfcc` Jku abr`s` lumup. O`fc`f dup` uftum kbrf`p`s i`d`a, y`mfj kbrf`p`s ibfc`f pbrut i`f tbt`p tbrnemus. f. Ojm` Jku jfcjf abfyui`hj cbr`m`f jfj fj`tm`f k`hw` Jku jfcjf kbrhbftj. e. Wbrd`h`f-d`h`f mbak`djm`f pesjsj t`fc`f Jku y`fc rjdbms ijsjsj tukuh. p. Y`rjmd`h f`p`s p`fo`fc i`f bakusm`f kbkbr`p` m`dj. q. Mbak`djm`f pjmjr`f Jku i`f mbak`djd`h s`i`r p`i` djfcmufc`f sbmjt`r Jku. r.
<.
Kum`d`h a`t` Jku.
Ybmfjm Abfccbr`m`f Dbfc`f Ybmfjm jfj abd`tjh nemus i`f mefsbftr`sj ibfc`f abajft` `d`a k`w`h s`i`r `t`u pjmjr`f Jku uftum abfccbr`mm`f dbfc`f Jku. D`tjh`f jfj ajrjp ibfc`f d`tjh`f abfccbr`mm`f pbfiudua ibfc`f pjmjr`f, h`fy` s`o` `d`t k`ftu y`fc ijcuf`m`f `i`d`h dbfc`f Jku sbfijrj. D`fcm`hfy` y`jtu ? `. @akjdd`h pesjsj iuium y`fc p`djfc fy`a`f uftum Jku. k. Fj`tm`f k`hw` `fi` `m`f rjdbms. l. Wbo`am`f
a`t`i`f
abfccbakufcm`f
pbrut
t`rjmd`h Jku
f`p`s
mbauij`f
ibfc`f bakusm`f
pbrd`h`f. i. Yufccud`h kbkbr`p` s``t ibfc`f tbt`p kbrf`p`s i`d`a i`f tbr`tur. b. Aud`jd`h d`tjh`f ibfc`f abfc`t`m`f fj`t p`i` `d`a k`w`h s`i`r Jku jfcjf dbfc`f Jku kbrcbr`m ibaj mbtbf`fc`f i`f mbsbh`t`f. n.
Ybt`p dba`sm`f dbfc`f Jku s`akjd tbrus abakbrjt`hu `d`a k`w`h s`i` Jku tbft`fc h`d jtu.
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c. Kbrnemusd`h, kbrmefsbftr`sjd`h, hjd`fcm`f iufj` du`r i`f pjmjr`f y`fc kj`s` ababfuhj mbp`d`. Kbrf`p`sd`h sbl`r` tbr`tur i`f rjdbms. h. [`s`m`f i`d`a kbkbr`p` s``t k`hw` `i` su`tu bfbrcj y`fc abfccbr`mm`f dbfc`f Jku. j.
Kj`rm`f bfbrcj tbrsbkut kbrcbr`m sbsu`j ibfc`f fj`t Jku y`fc tbf`fc i`f sbh`t. O`fc`f ijt`h`f i`f o`fc`f ijd`w`f.
o.
Kj`rm`f dbfc`f Jku kbrcbr`m sbm`djpuf tji`m kbr`tur`f, d`du m`t`m`f sbsu`j fj`t Jku k`hw` dbfc`f Jku `m`f kbrcbr`m mb `t`s, mb k`w`h, mb m`f`f, mb mjrj, mb i`i`,
mb w`o`h, mb pbrut i`f sbtbrusfy`. m. Mbfi`djm`f mba`f` cbr`m`f dbfc`f dbw`t fj`t Jku. Jfc`t jmutj s`o` cbr`m`f tbrsbkut i`f o`fc`f mbdu`rm`f tbf`c` s`a` sbm`dj uftum abfccbr`mm`f dbfc`f Jku. Kj`rm`f bfbrcj abfybd`r`sm`f ijrj ibfc`f `d`a k`w`h s`i`r uftum abfuftuf `r`h cbr`m`f dbfc`f Jku. d.
\btbd`h Jku abr`s`m`f cbr`m`f jfj lumup, m`t`m`f ibfc`f su`r` h`tj k`hw` Jku hbfi`m abfyui`hj d`tjh`f jfj i`f pbrd`h`f-d`h`f kj`rm`f dbfc`f Jku kbrhbftj kbrcbr`m.
a. \btbd`h
dbfc`f
kbrhbftj kbrcbr`m,
t`rjmd`h
f`p`s
p`fo`fc kbkbr`p` m`dj uftum abfc`mhjrj d`tjh`f. f. Mbak`djm`f pjmjr`f Jku i`f mbak`djd`h s`i`r `m`f djfcmufc`f sbmjt`r Jku. e. Kum`d`h a`t` Jku. 9.
Ybmfjm Aba`fo`fcm`f O`rj Y`fc`f Jfj `i`d`h kbftum d`tjh`f nemus i`f d`tjh`f mefsbftr`sj, ouc` d`tjh`f sucbstj. Jku tji`m pbrdu abfccuf`m`f `d`t k`ftu `p`puf, lumup o`rj-o`rj t`fc`f Jku.
- ;; -
D`fcm`hfy` y`jtu ? `. @akjdd`h pesjsj iuium y`fc p`djfc fy`a`f uftum Jku. k. Fj`tm`f k`hw` `fi` `m`f rjdbms. l. Wbo`am`f
a`t`
abfccbakufcm`f
i`f pbrut
t`rjmd`h Jku
f`p`s
mbauij`f
ibfc`f bakusm`f
pbrd`h`f. i. Yufccud`h kbkbr`p` s``t ibfc`f tbt`p kbrf`p`s i`d`a i`f tbr`tur. b. \bo`o`rm`f mbiu` dbfc`f Jku, ibfc`f tbd`p`m t`fc`f tbrkum`, i`f oba`rj abfc`r`h mb ibp`f. n.
Aud`jd`h kbrd`tjh ibfc`f abfc`t`m`f mb`i` `d`a k`w`h s`i`r Jku k`hw` o`rj-o`rj t`fc`f m`f`f Jku `m`f aba`fo`fc abdbkjhj o`rj-o`rj t`fc`f mjrj.
c. Rd`fcj m`dja`t `njra`sj tbrsbkut kbkbr`p` m`dj mb `d`a k`w`h s`i`r Jku s`akjd tbt`p kbrus`h` rjdbms. h. Wbrt`h`fm`f mefijsj rjdbms ibfc`f tbt`p kbrf`p`s tbr`tur. j.
[`s`m`f `i`fy` bfbrcj y`fc abfc`djrj o`rj-o`rj t`fc`f Jku.
o.
\btbd`h dbw`t kbkbrp` w`mtu, ojm` Jku abr`s` sui`h lumup, t`rjmd`h f`p`s p`fo`fc i`f kum`d`h a`t` Jku.
m. Wbrh`tjm`f k`hw` o`rj-o`rj p`i` t`fc`f m`f`f Jku abfo`ij dbkjh p`fo`fc ijk`fijfc t`fc`f mjrj. @t`u sbtji`mfy` `njra`sj sucbstj p`i` `d`a k`w`h s`i`r Jku tbd`h abfo`ijm`ffy` ibajmj`f.
K. Ybmfjm [bd`ms`sj ibfc`f Wbrf`p`s`f
L`r` kbrf`p`s y`fc s`d`h `m`f abfc`mjk`tm`f tji`m a`msja`dfy` pbaku`fc`f m`rkefijemsji`, y`fc abfybk`km`f sbsber`fc o`ij aui`h strbs, p`fjm, ibprbsj, tbc`fc, s`mjt mbp`d`,
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i`f lbp`t dbd`h. M`rbf` jtud`h, s`fc`t pbftjfc uftum abfy`i`rj l`r` mjt` kbrf`p`s. D`fcm`hfy` y`jtu ? `. Wbo`am`f a`t` i`f k`rjfcm`f tukuh Jku. k. Dbt`m`f t`fc`f m`f`f Jku p`i` pbrut, ibm`t pjfcc`fc. l. Dbt`mm`f t`fc`f mjrj Jku p`i` i`i`, tbp`t ij tbfc`h. i. \bd`cj Jku kbrf`p`s, r`s`m`f t`fc`f sbkbd`h a`f` y`fc dbkjh tbr`fcm`t. Y`fc`f p`i` i`i` `t`u t`fc`f p`i` pbrut5
D`fcm`h uftum abd`tjh pbrf`p`s`f i`d`a ? `. Kbrk`rjfc `t`u `akjdd`h pesjsj y`fc p`djfc fy`a`f uftum Jku. W`stjm`f tud`fc pufccufc Jku r`t` ibfc`f pbak`rjfc`f. F`jmm`f dutut Jku sbijmjt i`f rbft`fcm`f tufcm`j Jku dbkjh mur`fc sbo`uh ;7 la. k. [`s`m`f tukuh Jku k`cj`f a`f`m`h y`fc sbi`fc abr`s`m`f mbtbc`fc`f etet. l. Dbt`mm`f s`tu t`fc`f ij i`i`, i`f t`fc`f d`jf ij pbrut. i. Y`rjmd`h f`p`s pbrd`h`f-d`h`f abd`duj hjiufc abfuou mb pbrut i`f r`s`m`f `djr`f ui`r` abd`duj erc`f-erc`f tukuh Jku. I`i` Jku sbh`rusfy` h`fy` tbr`fcm`t sbijmjt kbrs`a``f ibfc`f tbr`fcm`tfy` pbrut. b. [`s`m`f mbsbc`r`f y`fc a`sum i`f bakusm`f ui`r` abd`duj audut s`akjd kbrbd`ms`sj. n.
Audut, dji`h, i`f r`h`fc Jku `m`f tbr`s` rjdbms. Y`rjmd`h f`p`s p`fo`fc i`f pbrd`h`f abfuou pbrut Jku, d`du mbdu`rm`f d`cj.
c. D`foutm`f d`tjh`f pbrf`p`s`f abfi`d`a jfj sbd`a` 2 `t`u 07 abfjt, 0 `t`u ; m`dj sbh`rj. Jku i`p`t abfjfcm`tm`f nrbmubfsj d`tjh`f jfj sbsum` h`tj Jku. h. \``t Jku hbfi`m abfc`mhjrj d`tjh`f jfj, r`s`m`f etet tukuh Jku abfbc`fc mbak`dj. K`fijfcm`f ibfc`f sbkbduafy`.
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\btbd`h abd`tjh pbrf`p`s`f i`d`a, Jku i`p`t abd`tjh pbrf`p`s`f uftum abdbp`sm`f mbtbc`fc`f tukuh. Kbrjmut jfj d`fcm`h-d`fcm`hfy`? 0)
Abfchjtufc f`p`s
-
Iuium `t`u kbrk`rjfcd`h sbfy`a`f aufcmjf ibfc`f tud`fc pufcccufc tbt`p durus sbrt` t`fc`f i`f m`mj ijdba`sm`f.
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Y`rjmd`h f`p`s i`d`a mb `r`h pbrut i`f t`h`fd`h sbkbft`r, sbkbdua ijbakusm`f mbak`dj.
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\``t abfcbakusm`f f`p`s, hjtufcd`h i`d`a h`tj, ‑s`tu‑. D`du t`rjmd`h i`f bakusm`f f`p`s s`akjd abfchjtufc, ‑iu`‑. Ibajmj`f sbtbrusfy`, sbtj`p m`dj Jku abf`rjm i`f abfcbakusm`f f`p`s.
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Ybrusm`f abfchjtufc pbrf`p`s`f sbd`a` 9-2 abfjt.
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Wbrh`tjm`f k`hw` f`p`s `fi` `m`f abd`ak`t ibfc`f sbfijrjfy`, tukuh o`ij rjdbms i`f pjmjr`f Jku dbkjh tbf`fc sbjrjfc sbrjfcfy` abd`mum`f d`tjh`f pbrf`p`s`f jfj.
;) Abfchbd` f`p`s rjdbms \btj`p h`rj, Jku tbftu sbsbm`dj abfcu`p `t`u abfchbd` f`p`s. Jfj `i`d`h t`fi`-t`fi` Jku tji`m abfi`p`tm`f lumup emsjcbf. Abfchbd` f`p`s `t`u abfcu`p abrup`m`f l`r` tukuh uftum abfybd`r`sm`f mefijsj. Ojm` Jku abfchbd` f`p`s. D`tjhd`h d`fcm`h-d`fcm`h kbrjmut?
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@akjdd`h pesjsj iuium tbc`m `t`u kbrijrj tbc`m.
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Hbd`d`h f`p`s i`d`a, kj`rm`f sbau` tbm`f`f mbdu`r i`rj i`i` Jku kbrs`a``f ibfc`f mbdu`rfy` f`p`s p`fo`fc.
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O`fc`f pjmjrm`f presbs abf`rjm f`p`s. Kj`rm`f ijrj Jku abf`rjm f`p`s sbl`r` etea`tjs.
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D`mum`f d`tjh`f jfj kbkbr`p` m`dj (07-02 m`dj) i`f r`s`m`f k`hw` d`a`-mbd`a``f Jku abfo`ij rjdbms. Rd`fcj d`tjh`f jfj m`p`f s`o` y`fc Jku jfcjfm`f.
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<) Abdbp`sm`f mbtbc`fc`f
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Iuiumd`h ibfc`f fy`a`f ij mursj ibfc`f tbd`p`m m`mj abfybftuh d`ft`j.
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Y`rjmd`h f`p`s i`d`a mb `r`h pbrut i`f m`t`m`f p`i` ijrj sbfijrj, ‑abf`rjm f`p`s rjdbms‑. D`du, t`h`fd`h sbkbft`r f`p`s Jku sbkbdua ijmbdu`rm`f.
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Mbdu`rm`f f`p`s s`akjd kbrm`t`, ‑dbp`sm`f mbtbc`fc`f‑. Y`h`fd`h sbobf`m, sbkbdua mbak`dj abf`rjm f`p`s.
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Cuf`m`f sbtj`p t`rjm`f f`p`s sbk`c`j a`s` uftum abfy`i`rj `i`fy` mbtbc`fc`f p`i` tukuh Jku.
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Cuf`m`f sbtj`p hbd``f f`p`s sbk`c`j mbsbap`t`f uftum abdbp`sm`f sbau` mbtbc`fc`f.
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Aufcmjf
Jku
kjs`
abfccuf`m`f
ja`ojf`sj
uftum
abaku`t c`ak`r`f `t`u abr`s`m`f k`c`ja`f` mefijsj rjdbms a`sum mb tukuh Jku sbabft`r` mbtbc`fc`f y`fc `i` pbrcj.
L. Ybmfjm [bd`ms`sj ibfc`f ^jsu`djs`sj
Jku `m`f kbrd`tjh abfljpt`m`f su`tu tbap`t mhusus y`fc jfi`h, tbf`fc, i`f fy`a`f ij i`d`a pjmjr`f Jku. Ybmfjm jfj s`fc`t bnbmtjn i`d`a abf`fccud`fcj a`s`d`h strbs y`fc abapbfc`ruhj tukuh. Ajs`dfy`, s`mjt mbp`d`, mr`a, sbs`m f`p`s, lbp`t dbd`h, i`f sbk`c`jfy`.
0. Byb [bd`x`tjef (W`dajfc) `t`u [bd`ms`sj A`t`
Dbt`mm`f mbiu` tbd`p`m t`fc`f ij `t`s mbiu` a`t` y`fc ijpbo`am`f. Rs`h`m`f `c`r tji`m `i` l`h`y` y`fc abfbakus mbdep`m a`t` @fi`.
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Aufcmjf i`d`a k`y`fc`f @fi` `m`f tbrdjh`t w`rf` abr`h, hjo`u, kjru, i`f d`jf-d`jf. F`auf, nemusm`f p`i` w`rf` hjt`a.
Ybrus d`mum`f d`tjh`f jfj ; `t`u < abfjt s`o`. D`du turufm`f t`fc`f @fi` i`f kum`d`h a`t`.
@fi`
i`p`t
abr`s`m`f
`i`fy`
cbt`r`f
rbd`ms`sj
abfybdjautj etet-etet w`d`upuf h`fy` sbmbo`p.
;. Abt`pherjl`d Ja`cbs `t`u Ljtr` Abt`nerjs
Kbrk`rjfcd`h, pbo`am`f a`t` i`f dbp`sm`f mbtbc`fc`f etet. [jdbmsd`h.
K`y`fcm`f su`tu mbtbc`fc`f sbm`djcus mbi`a`j`f. C`ak`r`f
y`fc
p`djfc
k`jm
`i`d`h
ibfc`f
abak`y`fcm`ffy` sbfijrj. F`auf, @fi` ouc` kjs` abfccuf`m`f kbkbr`p` h`d y`fc sui`h `i`. Lefteh h`d-h`d y`fc kbrm`jt`f ibfc`f mbtbc`fc`f? w`rf` abr`h, c`rjs`f m`pur ij `t`s p`p`f tudjs, abo` y`fc m`mu, kjsjfcfy` sjrjfb p`i` a`d`a h`rj, d`apu y`fc abfyjd`um`f, su`r` p`du kbrt`du, i`f d`jf-d`jf. Rftum h`d-h`d y`fc kbrm`jt`f ibfc`f mbi`a`j`f, lekd`h k`y`fcm`f w`rf` abr`h y`fc mbauij`f kbruk`h abfo`ij kjru aui`, c`rjs`f m`pur ij p`p`f tudjs abaui`r i`f kbrk`ur, sjrjfb p`i` a`d`a h`rj abfo`ij s`fc`t dbakut k`m fy`fyj`f, sjd`ufy` d`apu abfo`ij
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d`apu y`fc h`fc`t i`f abfbf`fcm`f, su`r` p`du kbrt`du abfo`ij cbr`m`f abajo`t tukuh.
[`s`m`f
mb`i``f
tukuh
@fi`,
`pdjm`sjm`f
ljtr`
mbtbc`fc`f y`fc t`ij @fi` ku`t mb k`cj`f tukuh y`fc tbr`s` tbc`fc. Kj`rm`f k`cj`f tukuh y`fc tbc`fc jtu kbrs`tu ibfc`f c`ak`r`f tbrsbkut. D`du, m`t`m`f `njra`sj @fi` sbpbrtj, ‑Ybf`fc... [jdbms...‑.
@mhjrj d`tjh`f jfj ibfc`f tbrus abfcul`pm`f `njra`sj tbrsbkut
s`akjd
pbrd`h`f-d`h`f
abfcbak`djm`f
mbs`i`r`f @fi` mbp`i` djfcmufc`f sbmjt`r. D`du, r`s`m`f tukuh @fi` sbm`r`fc.
<. Lrb`tjfc Zeur \pblj`d Wd`lb `t`u Ljpt`m`f Ybap`t Mhusus @fi`.
K`y`fcm`f tba`pt tbrsbkut sbk`c`j tbap`t y`fc prjv`t, mhusus uftum @fi`.
Ybap`t jtu s`fc`td`h i`a`j, abfbf`fcm`f, fy`a`f, i`f abaku`t rjdbms.
Y`ak`hm`f sbc`d` ibt`jd sbmbhbfi`m h`tj @fi`, sbed`h jtu `id`h tbap`t y`fc @fi` jfcjfm`f. Ajs`dfy`, d`ft`j m`yu kbrpbdjtur, tjr`j putjh, med`a ij tbfc`h ru`fc`f, sen` y`fc fy`a`f.
Kj`rm`f ru`fc`f jtu abajdjmj `ur` y`fc fy`a`f `t`u @fi` k`y`fcm`f sbsber`fc y`fc abfybf`fcm`f sbi`fc abfba`fj @fi` ij ru`fc`f tbrsbkut.
Ojm` tbap`t mhusus jfj sui`h tbrkbftum, d`mum`f rbd`ms`sj @fi` p`i` dem`sj tbrfy`a`f ij tbap`t jtu.
Rl`pm`f m`dja`t `njra`sj y`fc @fi` jfcjfm`f kbkbr`p` m`dj. Wbrt`h`fm`f pesjsj @fi` ij ru`fc mhusus jtu.
D`mum`f d`tjh`f jfj sbmjt`r 02-;7 abfjt, s`tu `t`u iu` m`dj sbh`rj.
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[`s`m`f pbrkbi``f y`fc tbrljpt` p`i` tukuh i`f pjmjr`f @fi`.
9. Njfijfc Zeur Jffbr Cujib `t`u Abfbaum`f Wbakjakjfc i`d`a Ijrj.
Jffbr cujib y`fc ija`msui ij sjfj `i`d`h temeh ja`ojf`tjn, kj`s kbrwuoui hbw`f, a`fusj` `t`u `p`puf y`fc @fi` jfcjfm`f. Yemeh jfjd`h y`fc `m`f abakjakjfc @fi` abfbf`fcm`f ijrj m`rbf` j` kbrhukufc`f d`fcsufc ibfc`f ojw` tbri`d`a i`f `d`a k`w`h s`i`r @fi`. Wbakjakjfc i`d`a-ijrj `m`f abfc`o`rj @fi` l`r` uftum abr`s` rjdbms, tbf`fc, i`f tji`m strbs. Ibfc`f k`fy`m d`tjh`f, @fi` kjs` kbrtbau ibfc`f s`fc pbakjakjfc i`d`a-ijrj mbtjm` kbr`i` ij i`d`a ru`fc`f mhusus @fi` jtu. ^jsu`djs`sjm`f h`d jfj i`d`a pjmjr`f @fi`, tbftu s`o` sbtbd`h @fi` abfc`akjd pesjsj y`fc fy`a`f uftum kbrbd`ms`sj.
I. Ybmfjm Wbrf`p`s`f p`i` Wresbs Wbrs`djf`f
Ybmfjm jfj s`fc`t kbrm`jt`f ibfc`f sbkbr`p` rjdbms tukuh mjt`, i`f sbkbr`p` kbs`r tjfcm`t mbtbc`fc`f y`fc abapbfc`ruhj pjmjr`f mjt`. \``t mjt` kbrjstjr`h`t `t`u tjiur, kj`s`fy` f`p`s mjt` dbkjh tbr`tur, i`d`a, i`f pbrd`h`f. \``t mjt` tbc`fc i`f p`fjm, f`p`s `m`f dbkjh pbfibm, lbp`t, i`f tji`m tbr`tur, `t`u mjt` a`d`h abf`h`f f`p`s t`fp` ijs`i`rj. Ybmfjm pbrf`p`s`f uftum presbs pbrs`djf`f ij i`s`rm`f p`i` mefsbftr`sj y`fc ijkutuhm`f Jku uftum abfc`tur f`p`sfy`. \``t kbrmeftr`msj, sbl`r` etea`tjs et`m abfcjrjam`f rbspef mb sbduruh tukuh uftum abf`h`f fybrj, ajs`dfy` ibfc`f kbrf`p`s lbp`t `t`u abf`h`f f`p`s. Mjt` ij d`tjh edbh rbspef fybrj jfj uftum abfcbfi`djm`ffy` dbw`t f`p`s y`fc tbr`tur i`f tji`m tbrt`h`f.
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B. Hypfekjrthjfc sbd`a` Mbh`ajd`f
Lek`d`h d`tjh`f jfj sbtj`p a`d`a abfobd`fc tjiur, `t`u m`p`fpuf y`fc Jku r`s` tbp`t i`f fy`a`f. Dbkjh k`jm jku h`ajd abfc`akjd pesjsj kbrk`rjfc abfy`apjfc mb mjrj m`rbf` pesjsj tbrsbkut i`p`t abapbrk`jmj `djr`f i`r`h mb pd`sbft`. Wesjsj jtu abakut pbakuduh i`r`h kbs`r ij sjsj m`f`f tud`fc kbd`m`fc tji`m tbrtbm`f. 0. Kbrk`rjfcd`h ibfc`f fy`a`f. Dba`sm`f mbdep`m a`t` i`f pbo`am`f. O`fc`f p`ms` a`t` Jku uftum abfutup, kj`rm`f a`t` abfutup ibfc`f dba`s. ;. Aud`jd`h kbrf`p`s i`d`a-i`d`a abd`duj hjiufc sbl`r` pbrd`h`f i`f tbr`tur. Y`rjmd`h f`p`s mb pbrut hjfcc` pbrut Jku tbr`s`
abfccbakufc.
[`s`m`f
`djr`f
emsjcbf
y`fc
abfybc`rm`f mb sbduruh tukuh. <. [`s`m`f sbmuour tukuh Jku, aud`j i`rj uoufc mbp`d` s`ap`j uoufc m`mj. Dba`sm`f s`tu pbr s`tu mbtbc`fc`f i`f mbdbtjh`f y`fc Jku `d`aj `mjk`t mbh`ajd`f. Kj`rm`f dbfc`f tbrmud`j ij sjsj tukuh sbrt` m`mj tbrt`rjm durus i`f dba`sm`f. Kj`rm`f tud`fc kbd`m`fc Jku durus ibfc`f pbak`rjfc`f. 9. Dba`sm`f r`h`fc i`f audut Jku hjfcc` kbf`r-kbf`r rjdbms. Jfc`td`h k`hw` ojm` r`h`fc i`f audut rjdbms kbr`rtj v`cjf` ouc` rjdbms.. 2. Jstjr`h`tm`f pjmjr`f Jku sbobf`m. Dbp`sm`f h`d-h`d y`fc abaku`t
Jku
tji`m
sbf`fc.
Kbrmefsbftr`sjd`h
uftum
abd`mum`f rbd`ms`sj Hypfekjrthjfc. >. \btbd`h abfl`p`j mefijsj rjdbms, ul`pm`f fj`t Jku i`d`a pjmjr`f, ajs`dfy` , ‑ @mu hbfi`m abd`tjh ijrj uftum rjdbms s``t
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jfj
i`f
sbtbrusfy`
i`d`a
hjiupmu
sbhjfcc`
presbs
pbrs`djf`fmu d`fl`r‑. 3. D`mum`f vjsu`djs`sj tbap`t mhusus. [`s`m`f k`hw` Jku iuium ij sen` y`fc bapum i`f abr`s`m`f `fcjf sbc`r abfbrp` dbakut w`o`h jku. Ijtbap`t jfj `i` iu` mbr`f `jr? abr`h i`f kjru. K`y`fcm`f mbr`f `jr y`fc abr`h abfbtbsm`f `jr sbijmjt ibaj sbijmjt. D`du Jku lek` uftum abakum` mbr`f `jr kjru pbrd`h`f-d`h`f. @jrfy` abfc`djr d`fl`r, a`mjf d`a` a`mjf ibr`s. \`akjd pjmjrm`f, ‑ Wresbs pbrs`djf`fmu `m`f
kbrd`fcsufc lbp`t, d`fl`r, i`f t`fp` h`ak`t`f. \`a` sbpbrtj d`fl`rfy` mbr`f jfj abfc`djrm`f `jrfy`.‑ 8. \btbd`h pu`s abfc`djrm`f `jr, tutupd`h mbr`ffy`, d`du iuiumd`h `t`u kbrk`rjfcd`h mbak`dj ij `t`s sen` y`fc bapum jtu. Ybrusm`f d`tjh`f jfj s`akjd abfccuf`m`f m`t`-m`t` y`fc pesjtjn. :. Kj`rm`f d`tjh`f rbd`ms`sj HypfeKjrthjfc jfj kbrd`fcsufc sbd`a` y`fc Jku jfcjfm`f. Ojm` jku tbrtjiur s``t presbs kbrd`fcsufc, tbrusm`f tjiur @fi`. Kj`rm`f m`dja`t `njra`sj tbrsbkut tbrud`fc sbl`r` etea`tjs ij i`d`a pjmjr`f sbd`cj Jku tjiur. 07. Ojm` Jku tbt`p tbro`c`, kbrsj`pd`h uftum mbak`dj mb iufj` sbmjt`r. Mbak`djm`f nufcsj p`fl`jfibr` Jku sbl`r` pbrd`h`f. Mbak`djm`f sjstba pbrf`p`s`f sbpbrtj sbkbduafy`. D`du, kum`d`h a`t` Jku.
Ojm` mjt` r`ojf kbrd`tjh rbd`ms`sj, a`mjf d`a` mjt` `m`f tbrkj`s` i`f aui`h uftum abaud`j d`tjh`f. [bd`ms`sj s``t h`ajd jfj ouc` kbrcuf` `c`r mjt` i`p`t abfbr`pm`ffy` s``t presbs pbrs`djf`f.
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N.
Hypfekjrthjfc sbd`a` Wbrs`djf`f
Kj`rm`f `d`a k`w`h s`i`r Jku abfuftuf presbs pbrs`djf`f jfj, absmjpuf `d`a s`i`r Jku tbt`p h`rus kbmbro` mbr`s uftum abd`mum`f i`f abfcbfi`djm`f sbduruh r`fcm`j`f tjfi`m`f y`fc abfybrt`j presbs pbrs`djf`f. Kbrjmut abrup`m`f p`fiu`ffy` ? 0.
\``t Jku abfo`d`fj presbs `w`d meftr`msj, sbd`du jfc`t uftum kbrie` i`f kbrfj`t. \br`hm`f sbau`fy` mbp`i` Z`fc A`h` Mu`s` i`f tbf`fcm`f pjmjr`f Jku.
;.
W`i` `w`d a`s` pbakum``f, meftr`msj a`sjh i`t`fc ibfc`f tbfcc`fc w`mtu y`fc lumup d`a`, sbmjt`r sbtj`p 02-<7 abfjt sbm`dj. F`auf, Jku kj`s`fy` sui`h abfy`i`rj k`hw` s``tfy` sui`h tjk`. Cuf`m`f a`s`-a`s` jfj uftum kbrbd`ms`sj i`f abfbf`fcm`f pjmjr`f. \j`pm`f abft`d i`f njsjm Jku m`rbf` i`d`a presbs abfcbo`f, Jku abakutuhm`f k`fy`m tbf`c`.
<.
Wr`mtjmm`f rbd`ms`sj HypfeKjrthjfc sbpbrtj p`i` a`s` mbh`ajd`f, tbt`pj m`dj jfj ul`pm`f `njra`sj y`fc kbrkbi`. Ajs`dfy` ? ‑\bkbft`r d`cj `mu `m`f kbrtbau `f`mmu. Kj`rm`f
j` d`hjr sbd`a`t i`f sbh`t. Kj`rm`f `mu abfibfc`r t`fcjs`ffy` y`fc mu`t. Kj`rm`f `mu tbrs`i`r i`f abfcjfc`t sbduruh presbs mbd`hjr`f jfj. @mu `m`f abd`hjrm`f ibfc`f fera`d h`rj jfj. I`f `mu `m`f abr`s` tbf`fc sbrt` fy`a`f sbd`a` presbs mbd`hjr`f `f`mmu.‑ 9.
\``t meftr`msj a`mjf mu`t i`f a`mjf sbrjfc, cuf`m`f tbmfjm pbrf`p`s`f uftum pbrs`djf`f. \brt` tbt`p ijjrjfcj ibfc`f
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abfcul`pm`f `njra`sj y`fc dbkjh spbsjnjm tbrh`i`p y`fc jku r`s`m`f. 2.
Ojm` Jku i`p`t abr`s` rjdbms s``t meftr`msj, i`f aufcmjf Jku abfc`ftum,
tjiurd`h
ibfc`f
abapbrt`h`fm`f
m`dja`t
`njra`sj. >.
Ojm` Jku tbt`p jfcjf kbr`i` i`d`a mefijsj rjdbms, a`m` pbo`am`f tbrus a`t` Jku w`d`upuf sbkbf`rfy` Jku abfy`i`rj mb`i``f ij sbmbdjdjfc.
3.
Wesjsjm`f uoufc dji`h Jku ij k`djm cjcj `t`s i`f tbapbdm`f mb d`fcjt-d`fcjt audut. Wesjsj jfj `m`f abaku`t r`h`fc Jku rjdbms sbhjfcc` audut ouc` tji`m `m`f tbc`fc. I`f jfc`td`h, jtu
8.
kbr`rtj v`cjf` Jku rjdbms. D`mum`f sbau` jfj sbjrjfc ibfc`f kbrt`ak`hfy` pbakum``f i`f abfjfcm`tfy` nrbmubfsj meftr`msj.
:.
O`fc`f tbrd`du abapbrh`tjm`f s``t iemtbr `t`u kji`f aud`j kbrsj`p-sj`p uftum presbs mbd`hjr`f. Ybt`pd`h nemus uftum abfc`tur f`p`s i`f kbrie`. Ojm` pbakum``f sui`h h`apjr dbfcm`p, Jku `m`f abajdjmj mbjfcjf`f y`fc s`fc`t mu`t uftum abfcbo`f. Y`h`fd`h m`rbf` ojm` Jku p`ms`m`f uftum abfcbo`f i`p`t abrekbm v`cjf` Jku. Y`h`fd`h mbjfcjf`f jtu ibfc`f af`rjm f`p`s i`d`a s`akjd tbrus kbrie` i`f abfcul`pm`f `njra`sj Jku.
07. \``t Jku tbd`h ijsj`pm`f uftum presbs mbd`hjr`f. Rl`pm`f fj`t i`f ie` Jku i`d`a h`tj m`rbf` jfjd`h pufl`m sbau` d`tjh`f Jku. 00. Kum`d`h
a`t`
abd`hjrm`f.
Jku.
O`fc`f
Abfutup
a`t`
tutup s``t
a`t`
s``t
abfcbo`f
hbfi`m i`p`t
abfybk`km`f pbakuduh i`r`h ij a`t` pbl`h m`rbf` tbm`f`f s``t abfcbo`f.
- << -
0;. Ijjrjfcj ibfc`f f`p`s y`fc tbr`tur, r`s`m`f k`jm-k`jm s``t meftr`msj i`t`fc i`f abfcbo`fd`h sbmu`tfy`, a`sjh ibfc`f a`t` tbrkum`. 0<. [`s`m`f sbfs`sj s``t abfcbo`f, y`mfj mbtjm` pufl`m mbp`d` k`yj Jku aud`j auflud ij v`cjf`. Y`rjmd`h f`p`s p`fo`fc s``t meftr`msj hjd`fc i`f s`akutd`h ibfc`f mbtbf`fc`f i`f mbk`h`cj``f. Ybrusm`f abfcbo`f sbmu`tfy` s``t meftr`msj i`t`fc, i`f r`s`m`f k`yj Jku pbrd`h`f-d`h`f mbdu`r, aud`j k`cj`f mbp`d`, pufi`m, k`i`f, i`f t`fc`f, d`du m`mjfy`. 09. Bakusm`f f`p`s p`fo`fc s``t Jku abr`s` s`fc ku`h h`tj sui`h mbdu`r sbpbfuhfy`. Fjma`tj i`f jfc`td`h tbrus aeabf jfj. Jfjd`h aeabf mbkbrh`sjd`f d`tjh`f Jku. ;.<.<
@c`r rbd`ms`sj kbrh`sjd
Mbkbrh`sjd`f rbd`ms`sj ijumur ibfc`f sbo`uh a`f` Jku a`apu abfbf`fcm`f pjmjr`f i`f abdbfturm`f mbtbc`fc`f i`d`a tukuh. Jfj kjs` tbrdjh`t i`rj sjm`p Jku y`fc sbd`du pesjtjn i`f kbrmur`fcfy` mbduh`f r`s` s`mjt `t`u fybrj sbd`a` mbh`ajd`f. Mbkbrh`sjd`f rbd`ms`sj br`t pud` ibfc`f mbaa`pu`f Jku abfced`h f`p`s. Wbrf`p`s`f abfo`ij muflj ut`a` kbrh`sjd tji`mfy` rbd`ms`sj. Wbrf`p`s`f `m`f abak`ftu Jku abfcmeerijf`sjm`f sbduruh k`cj`f tukuh.
Rftum jtu sbkbdua rbd`ms`sj sbk`jmfy` Jku abd`tjh
pbrf`p`s`f tbrdbkjh i`hudu. L`r`fy`, t`rjmd`h f`p`s abd`uj hjiufc, r`s`m`f pbro`d`f`f ui`r` i`rj hjiufc mb tbfccerem`f. Mbak`fcm`fd`h duk`fc hjiufc Jku s``t abf`rjm f`p`s. \bd`foutfy` mbdu`rm`f pbrd`h`f abd`duj audut.
;.9 MBRFYRFC@F ABYEIB HZWFEKJ[YHJFC Mbuftufc`f y`fc iji`p`t edbh Jku h`ajd ?
Mefijsj tbf`fc sbd`a` h`ajd, `m`f ijrbm`a edbh o`fjf i`f abakbftum mbprjk`ij`f sbrt` mblbri`s`f sbo`m ij i`d`a r`hja
- <9 -
Abfcur`fcj r`s` au`d, auft`h, i`f pusjfc
Abfljpt`m`f mb`i``f y`fc sbjak`fc sbhjfcc` pbrtuakuh`f njsjm i`f ojw` k`yj dbkjh sbh`t
Abfcur`fcj r`s` s`mjt ibfc`f m`i`r y`fc s`fc`t kbs`r hjfcc` m`i`fc t`m tbr`s` sbpbrtj s`mjt abd`hjrm`f
Abfcur`fcj
mbaufcmjf`f
`i`fy`
meapdjm`sj
mbh`ajd`f
y`fc
ijpbfc`ruhj n`mter strbss i`f ibprbsj
Wresbs pbrs`djf`f `m`f kbro`d`f fy`a`f, d`fl`r i`f rbd`tjn dbkjh lbp`t.
Abfcur`fcj mbaufcmjf`f ij`akjdfy` tjfi`m`f bpjsjeteaj.
Jku `m`f dbkjh abr`s`m`f jm`t`f k`tjf i`f baesj tbrh`i`p o`fjf.
Jku `m`f abr`s`m`f mbtbf`fc`f i`f mbfy`a`f`f s``t presbs abd`hjrm`f.
Jku `m`f dbkjh i`p`t abfceftred baesj i`f pbr`s``f.
Abflbc`h mbdbd`h`f y`fc kbrdbkjh s``t presbs pbrs`djf`f.
K`yj y`fc d`hjr tji`m `m`f mbmur`fc`f emsjcbf sbhjfcc` abfo`ij dbkjh sbh`t .
Abfjfcm`tm`f preiumsj @\J.
Mbuftufc`f y`fc iji`p`t o`fjf ?
Cbt`r`f tbf`fc i`f i`a`j `m`f ijr`s`m`f edbh o`fjf i`f abrup`m`f i`s`r i`rj pbrmbak`fc`f ojw` (\pjrjtu`d Puetjbft).
Wbrtuakuh`f o`fjf dbkjh sbh`t m`rbf` mb`i``f tbf`fc `m`f abakbrjm`f heraef - heraef y`fc sbjak`fc mb o`fjf abd`duj pd`sbft`.
Mbuftufc`f y`fc iji`p`t su`aj ?
Dbkjh tbf`fc i`d`a abfi`apjfcj presbs pbrs`djf`f.
Baesj jstrj `m`f abfo`ij dbkjh st`kjd i`d`a mbhjiup`f sbh`rj-h`rjfy`.
@ur` pesjtjn i`f tbf`fc y`fc ijajdjmj edbh jstrj `m`f abapbfc`ruhj `ur` er`fc-er`fc ij sbmjt`rfy` ouc`.
Mbuftufc`f y`fc iji`p`t iemtbr `t`u kji`f ?
I`p`t dbkjh nemus i`f mefsbftr`sj kbmbro` m`rbf` tji`m pbrdu abfch`i`pj baesj d`kjd Jku y`fc hbfi`m abd`hjrm`f.
- <2 -
Mbaufcmjf`f tjakudfy` meapdjm`sj i`f a`s`d`h s``t presbs pbrs`djf`f i`f mbd`hjr`f, s`fc`t mbljd.
Yji`m pbrdu uftum abfccuf`m`f ek`t kjus uftum Jku y`fc hbfi`m abd`hjrm`f.
Dbkjh aui`h abf`fc`fj Jku h`ajd m`rbf` tji`m p`fjm i`f tbt`p tbf`fc.
- <> -
K@K JJJ J\\RB I@D@A MBH@AJD@F
HypfeKjrthjfc, Ybmfjm Abd`hjrm`f Ajfus [`s` Y`mut
Abd`hjrm`f ibfc`f l`r` tbr`pj hjpfetjs5 Mbf`p` fcc`m5 Mefef abd`hjrm`f ibfc`f tbmfjm jfj k`fy`m abakbrj a`fn``t k`cj l`def jku, `ft`r` d`jf r`s` fy`a`f, kbrmur`fcfy` r`s` s`mjt (k`hm`f `i` y`fc tji`m abr`s`m`f s`mjt s`a` sbm`dj) hjfcc` r`s` k`h`cj`. S`h, o`ij pbf`s`r`f… HypfeKjrthjfc abrup`m`f sbku`h p`r`ijca` k`ru
i`d`a pbfc`o`r`f abd`hjrm`f sbl`r` `d`aj. Ybmfjm jfj aui`h ijpbd`o`rj, abdjk`tm`f rbd`ms`sj y`fc abfi`d`a, ped` pbrf`p`s`f d`ak`t i`f pbtufoum l`r` abdbp`sm`f
bfiernjf
i`rj
i`d`a
tukuh
(rbd`ms`f
`d`aj
tukuh)
y`fc
abaufcmjfm`f l`def jku abfjma`tj presbs mbd`hjr`f y`fc `a`f, dbakut, lbp`t i`f t`fp` presbs pbakbi`h`f. HypfeKjrthjfc ijlbtusm`f kbri`s`rm`f kumu y`fc ijtudjs edbh p`m`r cjfbmedecj
Ir. Cr`ftdy Ijlm-[b`i, y`fc abaukdjm`sjm`f kumu Lhjdikjrth Sjtheut Nb`r p`i` 0:99. Ybr`pj HypfeKjrthjfc sbd`foutfy` ijmbak`fcm`f edbh A`rjb Aefc`f, pbfijrj HypfeKjrthjfc Jfstjtutb. Ybr`pj jfj abfc`o`rm`f p`r` jku uftum aba`h`aj i`f abdbp`sm`f Nb`r-YbfsjefW`jf
\yfireab
y`fc
sbrjfcm`dj
abfo`ij
pbfybk`k
mbs`mjt`f
i`f
mbtji`mfy`a`f`f sbd`a` presbs mbd`hjr`f. \``t mjt` abr`s` t`mut, tukuh abfc`djhm`f i`r`h i`f emsjcbf i`rj erc`f pbrt`h`f`f fef bsbfsj`d abfuou mbdeapem etet kbs`r ij wjd`y`h m`mj i`f t`fc`f. @mjk`tfy`, `rb` w`o`h ‘ijtjfcc`dm`f‚, a`m`fy` `i` ufcm`p`f — pul`t m`rbf` mbt`mut`f‑. I`d`a sjtu`sj y`fc abf`mutm`f, tukuh abapbrtjak`fcm`f k`hw` utbrus `t`u r`hja ijp`fi`fc sbk`c`j erc`f ‘tji`m pbftjfc‚ . Abfurut Ir. Ijlm [b`i, r`hja p`i` pbrbapu`f y`fc mbt`mut`f sbl`r` m`s`t a`t` aba`fc t`ap`m putjh. S`h.
- <3 -
HypfeKjrthjfc abfcbmspder`sj ajtes k`hw` aba`fc r`s` s`mjt `i`d`h h`d y`fc
w`o`r i`f ijkutuhm`f s``t abd`hjrm`f fera`d. \``t pbrbapu`f y`fc abd`hjrm`f tbrkbk`s i`rj r`s` t`mut, etet-etet ij tukuhfy` tbra`sum etet r`hja `m`f abfc`d`aj rbd`ms`sj, y`fc `m`f abaku`hm`f presbs mbd`hjr`f y`fc dbkjh aui`h i`f kbk`s strbs. I`d`a kbkbr`p` m`sus, t`h`p`f presbs mbd`hjr`f ouc` abfo`ij dbkjh pbfibm, abfcur`fcj mbdbd`h`f sbd`a` pbrou`fc`f abd`hjrm`f k`yj i`f jku `m`f tbt`p sbc`r, pbfuh bfbrcj sbtbd`h abd`hjrm`f. —Kjs` ijm`t`m`f HypfeKjrthjfc abaku`t @fi` abd`hjrm`f kbk`s i`rj r`s`
t`mut, tji`m kbk`s i`rj r`s` s`mjt, absmjpuf kbkbr`p` pbrbapu`f abfc`d`aj presbs abd`hjrm`f t`fp` r`s` s`mjt s`a` sbm`dj,‑ uo`r Aefc`f. —Abfcur`fcj
mbt`mut`f `m`f abaku`t tukuh jku kbmbro` sbpbrtj y`fc sbh`rusfy`.‑ Ababd`o`rj sbvu`h k`h`s` k`ru abd`hjrm`f abrup`m`f mbs`tu`f i`d`a pbd`tjh`f HypfeKjrthjfc. Ajs`dfy`, mbtjak`fc nemus p`i` meftr`msj, sber`fc jku y`fc
abfi`d`aj HypfeKjrthjfc abfc`d`aj sbku`h ‘cbder`‚. \``t `d`a k`w`h s`i`r jku abfbrja` m`t` ‘cbder`‚, tukuhfy` abfljpt`m`f o`w`k`f njsjedecjs sbmbtjm`, sbku`h rbspef y`fc `a`t kbrkbi` i`rj m`t` ‘meftr`msj‚. Ibfc`f aba`h`aj kbt`p` bnbmtjnfy` o`w`k`f tukuh tbrh`i`p presbs abd`hjrm`f y`fc dbkjh dbakut, sber`fc jku HypfeKjrthjfc abajdjmj mb`hdj`f sbl`r` djs`f i`f vjsu`d abfcbf`j mba`apu`f `d`ajfy` i`d`a abfcjmutj l`r` `d`aj jib`d abd`hjrm`f. \bl`r` lbp`t jku `m`f kbd`o`r abapbrl`y`j jfstjfc abd`hjrm`f p`i` tukuhfy`, k`hw` tukuhfy` ijljpt`m`f uftum kbmbro` i`d`a jr`a` y`fc sbd`r`s s``t abfcbdu`rm`f k`yj mb iufj`. —@i` pbrkbi``f kbs`r `ft`r` HypfeKjrthjfc i`f mbd`s pbfijijm`f abd`hjrm`f
d`jffy`, i`f jfj kum`fd`h h`fy` petefc`f hjpfetjs. HypfeKjrthjfc dbkjh abfbm`fm`f abd`hjrm`f ibfc`f l`r` pesjtjn, dbakut, `a`f i`f k`c`ja`f` abfl`p`jfy` ibfc`faui`h,‑ uo`r Aefc`f. W`i` 0:28, thb @abrjl`f Abijl`d @sselj`tjef abfybtuouj tbr`pj ibfc`f abfccuf`m`f hjpfetjs, absmj sbou`h jfj tbr`pj hjpfetjs y`fc ijp`m`j uftum abaui`hm`f presbs mbd`hjr`f k`yj kbdua k`fy`m ijmbt`huj pukdjm.
- <8 -
K@K J^ WBAK@H@\@F
Hypfekjrthjfc ijp`m`j sbk`c`j `d`t y`fc abak`ftu sber`fc w`fjt` h`ajd abfo`ij fy`a`f s``t h`ajd i`f abd`hjrm`f ibfc`f l`r` abruk`h l`r` kbrpjmjr `m`f sbku`h mbh`ajd`f i`f pbra`s`d`h`ffy` sbhjfcc` Jku `m`f sj`p abfo`d`fm`f mbh`ajd`ffy` i`f sj`p
abfch`i`pj pbrs`djf`f i`f kbra`l`a a`s`d`hfy`.
Wresbs hypfekjrthjfc sbsufccuhfy` h`fy` abaku`t Jku kbf`r-kbf`r fy`a`f i`f abr`s` `a`f sbsu`j ibfc`f `p` y`fc ijh`r`pm`ffy` i`f sbm`dj d`cj presbs
hypfekjrthjfc jfj `m`f kbra`fn``t i`f i`p`t ijr`s`m`f pbruk`h`ffy` kjd` `i` sbsu`tu y`fc ijh`r`pm`f, pbrl`y` i`f kbf`r-kbf`r ijd`ms`f`m`f. Jku `m`f kbrpjmjr pesjtjn sbf`ftj`s` i`f a`apu abaku`fc sbc`d` `spbm fbc`tjn k`jm iji`d`a pjmjr`f i`f tjfcm`h d`mu sbh`rj-h`rj. \bpbrtj y`fc sui`h ijobd`sm`f p`i` k`k sbkbduafy`, abteib rbd`ms`sj ibfc`f Hypfekjrthjfc abakbrjm`f k`fy`m sbm`dj mbuftufc`f. Yji`m h`fy` k`cj Jku h`ajd, tbt`pj bnbm pesjtjnfy` ouc` tbr`s` edbh o`fjf, su`aj i`f mbdu`rc`fy`, er`fc-er`fc ij djfcmufc`f sbmjt`r Jku h`ajd, i`f edbh kji`f `t`u iemtbr. H`d jtu sui`h abakumtjm`f k`hw` Hypfekjrthjfc abapufy`j pbr`f y`fc s`fc`t kbs`r i`d`a abak`ftu abakbrjm`f mbsj`p`f abft`d i`f mby`mjf`f uftum abd`hjrm`f sbl`r` `d`aj ibfc`f r`s` s`mjt y`fc ajfja`d, abakbrjm`f mbfy`a`f`f p`i` Jku h`ajd sbd`a` abfch`i`pj mbh`ajd`ffy`, abfc`t`sj strbs i`d`a mbh`ajd`f, abfcur`fcj r`s` au`d i`f auft`h, i`f abapbrd`fl`r presbs d`mt`sj p`sl` pbrs`djf`f.
Wbr`f, t`fccufc o`w`k, i`f mbwbf`fc`f kji`f
Kji`f abajdjmj pbr`f i`f t`fccufco`w`k y`fc s`fc`t pbftjfc i`d`a us`h` abak`ftu abakbrjm`f r`s` fy`a`f i`f `a`f p`i` Jku h`ajd s``t mbh`ajd`f i`f pbrs`djf`f. Kji`f h`rus abapufy`j mbtbr`apjd`f i`f mba`apu`f i`d`a abakbrjm`f pbfyuduh`f, pbfobd`s`f, i`f iumufc`f mbp`i` Jku. Edbh m`rbf` jtu, sber`fc kji`f i`p`t abfbr`pm`f abteib Hypfekjrthjfc jfj i`d`a abakbrjm`f pbd`y`f`f `suh`f mbkji`f`f mbp`i` Jku h`ajd sbd`a` mbh`ajd`ffy`.
- <: -
@c`r sber`fc kji`f i`p`t abfcu`s`j abteib Hypfekjrthjfc ibfc`f k`jm, tbftufy` tbrdbkjh i`hudu j` h`rus abapbd`o`rj abteib jfj. Rftum abai`p`tm`f pbd`o`r`f abfcbf`j abteib Hypfekjrthjfc, sber`fc kji`f h`rus abfi`d`aj jdau hjpfetbr`pj y`fc spbsjnjm p`i` kji`fc mbh`ajd`f i`f abapbd`o`rj abteib
Hypfekjrthjfc ij R\@. Kji`f abajdjmj mbwbf`fc`f i`d`a abakbrjm`f `suh`f ibfc`f abteib jfj. H`d jtu ijm`rbf`m`f, abteib Hypfekjrthjfc jfj s`a` sbm`dj tji`m kbrbnbm fbc`tjn k`cj Jku a`upuf o`fjffy`. S`d`upuf, h`d jtu tji`m tbrl`ftua i`d`a pbrabfmbs fe. :77 tbft`fc wbwbf`fc kji`f. Ij
Jfiefbsj`,
abteib
Hypfekjrthjfc jfj sui`h ijlek` uftum ijsbk`rdu`sm`f edbh sber`fc kji`f ij O`m`rt`, D`ffy Musw`fij, sbo`m t`huf ;77<.
F`auf, a`sy`r`m`t k`ru
abfcbt`hujfy` sbmjt`r t`huf ;77>. Jtupuf k`ru a`sy`r`m`t abfbfc`h mb `t`s y`fc abfcbt`hujfy` i`f sui`h abflek` abd`tjh ijrj ibfc`f abteib
Hypfekjrthjfc.
Mbaui`h`f i`f mbsudjt`f i`d`a abfbr`pm`f abteib Hypfekjrthjfc
W`i` i`s`rfy` uftum abfbr`pm`f abteib Hypfekjrthjfc jfj p`i` sber`fc Jku h`ajd s`fc`td`h aui`h m`rbf` k`sjl i`rj abteib jfj `i`d`h presbs rbd`ms`sj, sbhjfcc` tji`m pbrdu abfccuf`m`f `d`t-`d`t y`fc tbrd`ap`u a`h`d i`f kjs` ijd`mum`f sbfijrj ij rua`h. F`auf, pbrdu ijjfc`t k`hw` abteib jfj abakuutuhm`f jdau mhusus, y`jtu hjpfetbr`pj i`f pbrdu abfi`d`aj tbmfjm
Hypfekjrthjfc jtu sbfijrj y`fc sbm`r`fc k`ru kjs` ijpbd`o`rj ij Hypfekjrthjfc Jfstjtutb ij R\@. \bhjfcc` `i` mbaufcmjf`f uftum i`p`t abd`mum`f abteib jfj ibfc`f k`jm, abakutuhm`f kj`y` y`fc tji`m aur`h. \bd`jf jtu, tji`m sbau` kji`f abapufy`j mba`apu`f (sbl`r` a`tbrj) uftum abfi`d`aj jdau jfj sbl`r` mhusus. Ybt`pj, ojm` sber`fc kji`f jfcjf abapbd`o`rjfy`, h`d jtu kedbh s`o`. Ibaj mbpu`s`f, mbfy`a`f`f, i`f mbsbo`htbr``f mdjbf,
h`d `p`puf `m`f ijd`mum`f
sber`fc kji`f. Ybftufy` y`fc sbsu`j ibfc`f meib btjm i`f mbwbf`fc`f kji`f.
- 97 -
K@K ^ MB\JAWRD@F I@F \@[@F
2.0 Mbsjapud`f
Ybmfjm rbd`ms`sj abrup`m`f s`d`h s`tu l`r` uftum abfyj`s`tj r`s` tji`m fy`a`f sbd`a` mbh`ajd`h i`f ouc` mbtjm` presbs pbrs`djf`f. [`s` t`mut tbrkumtj h`fy` `m`f abak`fcmjtm`f mbtbc`fc`f i`f abaku`t `p` y`fc ijt`mutm`f kbf`r-kbf`r tbro`ij. Ybmfjm rbd`ms`sj HypfeKjrthjfc i`p`t ijd`mum`f m`p`f s`o`, sbsbrjfc aufcmjf uftum abapbraui`h Jku abfl`p`j mefijsj rjdbms m`p`f puf i`f ija`f` puf. Abteib jfj sui`h aud`j ijtbr`pm`f ij Jfiefbsj`, absmjpuf k`ru kbkbr`p` met` kbs`r s`o` y`fc sui`h abfybk`rdu`sm`f abteib jfj. Ybt`pj, m`rbf` `i`fy` h`ak`t`f `t`u kbdua tbrkj`s`fy` jku h`ajd abd`mum`f rbd`ms`sj jfj, sbhjfcc` k`fy`m y`fc kbdua i`p`t ibfc`f eptja`d uftum abfc`pdjm`sjm`f abteib jfj. Abteib Hypfekjrthjfc h`fy` kjs` ijo`ijm`f sbk`c`j o`d`f `dtbrf`tjn k`cj Jku h`ajd y`fc jfcjf abfi`p`tm`f r`s` fy`a`f i`f `a`f sbd`a` mbh`ajd`f i`f pbrs`djf`ffy`.
2.; \`r`f
K`cj kji`f y`fc jfcjf abfbr`pm`f abteib Hypfekjrthjfc i`d`a abakbrjm`f `suh`ffy`, tbrdbkjh i`hudu h`rus aba`h`aj ibfc`f k`jm tbft`fc pbruk`h`f-pbruk`h`f `f`teaj, njsjedecj i`f psjmedecjs y`fc tbro`ij p`i` Jku h`ajd ij tj`p trjabstbrfy`, r`s` fybrj i`f `ak`fc fybrj sbsber`fc p`i` s``t pbrs`djf`f, sbrt` abajdjmj mbtbr`apjd`f i`d`a mefsbdjfc, pbfyuduh`f, i`f sbd`du abakbrjm`f iumufc`f y`fc pesjtjn p`i` mdjbffy`. I`f tbftu s`o`, h`rus a`apu abfcu`s`j jdau hjpfetbr`pj i`d`a mbh`ajd`f i`f d`fcm`h-d`fcm`h pbd`ms`f``f Hypfekjrthjfc jtu sbfijrj.
- 90 -
D@AWJ[@F K@C@F WJMJ[@F K@S@H \@I@[ A@FR\J@
Lefsljeus @rb`
K`cj`f jfj h`fy` abfyjap`f i`f abfcjfc`t jfnera`sj i`rj sbtj`p mbo`ij`f i`f pbr`s``f mjt` i`d`a muruf w`mtu s`tu hjfcc` s`tu sbtbfc`h o`a tbr`mhjr. Lrjtjl`d @rb`
\bk`cj`f i`rj lrjtjl`d `rb` kbr`i` ij pjmjr`f s`i`r i`f sbk`cj`f d`cj ij pjmjr`f k`w`h s`i`r. Lrjtjl`d `rb` h`fy` abfyjap`f jfnera`sj y`fc a`sum mb pjmjr`f i`d`a w`mtu ;9 o`a tbr`mhjr. \btj`p sucbstj y`fc kbrsjn`t abrucjm`f
`t`u
kbrk`h`y` k`cj mdjbf i`f kbrtbft`fc`f ibfc`f l`r` kbrnjmjr i`f sjstba mbpbrl`y``f `m`f d`fcsufc ijted`m. Wbfed`m`f jfj t`ap`m obd`s k`hm`f s``t mdjbf kbr`i` i`d`a mefijsj tr`flb.
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Lrjtjl`d `rb` sbkbf`rfy` kbrnufcsj sbk`c`j `ftjsuccbstjvb k`rrjbr uftum abdjfiufcj pjmjr`f k`w`h s`i`r i`rj i`rj pbfc`ruh du`r. Kjs` `fi` k`y`fcm`f `p` y`fc `m`f tbro`ij kjd` mjt` tji`m abapufy`j `ftjsuccbstjvb k`rrjbr. @p`puf y`fc tbro`ij ij djfcmufc`f mjt`, t`fp` kjs` mjt` ted`m, `m`f d`fcsufc abapbfc`ruhj pjmjr`f k`w`h s`i`r i`f abfcuk`h pbrjd`mu mjt`. @i` < obfjs `ftjsuccbstjvb k`rrjbr, y`jtu y`fc kbrsjn`t decjs, baesjef`d, i`f btjs. I`d`a mefijsj fera`, pbruk`h`f s`fc`t sudjt ijd`mum`f m`rbf` h`rus abdbw`tj mbtjc` njdtbr jfj. Kjd` mjt` tji`m t`hu l`r` y`fc tbp`t uftum abruausm`f sucbstj mb i`d`a kbftum m`dja`t y`fc a`apu abfbakus tjc` k`rrjbr jfj, kjs` ijp`stjm`f sucbstj jtu tji`m `m`f kjs` abfbakus pjmjr`f k`w`h s`i`r. Ibfc`f ibajmj`f, sucbstj jtu tji`m abajdjmj bnbm s`a` sbm`dj. \bk`djmfy`, i`d`a mefijsj tr`flb `t`u hjpfesjs, mbtjc` k`rrjbr jfj i`d`a mefijsj enn sbhjfcc` sucbstj yfc ijkbrjm`f `m`f d`fcsufc a`sum i`f ijtbrja` edbh pjmjr`f k`w`h s`i`r t`fp` pbfed`m`f. Aeibrf Abaery @rb`
K`cj`f jfj abfyjap`f sbau` jfnera`sj, aud`j i`rj s``t tbro`ijfy` pbaku`h`f, `w`d aud` mbh`ajd`f,
hjfcc` a`s` sbm`r`fc. \``t abd`mum`f tbr`pj, uftum
abfl`rj `m`r a`s`d`h i`rj su`tu tr`ua`, tbr`pjs sbrjfcm`dj abfccuf`m`f tbmfjm `cb rbcrbssjef i`f abak`w` mdjbf aufiur m` a`s` d`dufy`. Kjd` pbrdu, mdjbf ijk`w` mb s``t j` a`sjh kbr`i` i`d`a m`fiufc`f jkufy`. Jfnera`sj y`fc iji`p`t s``t abd`mum`f rbcrbsj jfj kbr`s`d i`rj aeibrf abaery `rb`. Wrjajtjvb @rb`
Abaery jfj tbrdbt`m ij pjmjr`f k`w`h s`i`r i`f kbrjsj sbau` abaery prjajtjn y`fc kbrsjn`t p`sjn, tbra`sum jfnera`sj y`fc kbrsjn`t cbfbtjm, h`sjd pbfcbak`fc`f i`rj presbs pbakbd`o`r`f i`f pbfcmefijsj`f. @rb` jfj h`fy` `m`f `mtjn kjd` abfi`p`t stjaudus y`fc spbsjnjm. Leftehfy` rbspef njcht er ndjcht `t`u japuds uftum abakufuh. \ucbstj y`fc kjs` abapbfc`ruhj `rb` jfj `m`f abfch`sjdm`f rb`msj y`fc lbp`t t`fp` ijpjmjr dbkjh i`hudu. I`d`a mefijsj fera`d, jfnera`sj a`sum mb pjmjr`f s`i`r i`f mbauij`f ijtbrusm`f mb lrjtjl`d `rb` ij pjmjr`f s`i`r. Ij sjfj, sbau` ufjt jfnera`sj
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ijt`apufc i`f ijsjap`f uftum sbabft`r` w`mtu, abfufccu w`mtu y`fc tbp`t uftum ij iewfde`i mb pjmjr`f k`w`h s`i`r, y`jtu s``t mjt` tjiur. Lrjtjl`d `rb` ij pjmjr`f k`w`h s`i`r kbrmbak`fc sbo`d`f ibfc`f presbs pbfijijm`f i`f pbfcmefijsj`f y`fc ij`d`aj sbsber`fc i`d`a presbs tuakuhmbak`fcfy`. K`cj`f jfj kbrnufcsj uftum abfcbv`du`sj sbl`r` mrjtjs sbau` jfnera`sj y`fc ijtbrja` pjmjr`f s`i`r. Lrjtjl`d `rb` ij pjmjr`f k`w`h s`i`r kbrnufcsj uftum ababrjms` `p`m`h sbku`h jfnera`sj abfc`fl`a `t`u abak`h`y`m`f ijrj mjt`. \ucbstj y`fc abak`h`y`m`f ijrj mjt` `m`f ijted`m edbh lrjtjl`d `rb` jfj. \``t mjt` tjiur, s``t pjmjr`f s`i`r sbi`fc enn, sbau` jfnera`sj
y`fc
t`ijfy` ijt`apufc ij lrjtjl`d `rb` pjmjr`f s`i`r `m`f ijtbrusm`f mb pjmjr`f k`w`h s`i`r. Wbrt`a`-t`a` jfnera`sj jtu `m`f a`sum mb lrjtjl`d `rb` ij pjmjr`f k`w`h s`i`r. Jfnera`sj jfj sbm`dj d`cj ij`f`djsjs i`f `m`f tbro`ij ; mbaucmjf`f. Mbaufcmjf`f pbrt`a`, jfnera`sj jfj dedes sbfser i`f ijtbrusm`f mb aeibrf abaery `rb`. M`d`u tji`m dedes sbfser, jfnera`sj jfj ijted`m. Jfnera`sj y`fc tbd`h a`sum mb aeibrf abaery `rb` `mhjrfy` `m`f a`sum mb prjajtjvb `rb`.
[bnbrbfsj? Cuf`w`f, @ij S. ;773. HZWFEYHB[@WZ YHB @[Y EN \RKLEF\LJER\ [B\Y[RLYR[JFC. O`m`rt` ? WY. Cr`abij` Wust`m` Raua.
I@NY@[ WR\Y@M@
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\`tr`wjf`t`, \ud`ja`f. 0:8<. Ekstbtrj Njsjedecj. K`fiufc ? Wbfbrkjt`f BDBA@F. Yojpt`ijf`t`, B. ;77;. Abijt`sj, O`d`f Abfjfcm`tm`f Mbhjiup`f @fi`. O`m`rt` ? Wbfbrkjt Bdbx Abij` Meaputjfie. @firj`f`, Bv`rj`fy. ;773. Abd`hjrm`f Y`fp` [`s` \`mjt ibfc`f Abteib
[bd`ms`sj HypfeKjrthjfc. O`m`rt` ? Khu`f` Jdau Meaputbr.
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