REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA MINISTERIO DEL PODER POPULAR PARA LA EDUCACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL FRANCISCO DE MIRANDA ÁREA: CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD PROGRAMA DE INGENIERA BIOMÉDICA AULA MOVIL MARACAY MARACAY EDO – ARAGUA [ELE-5! ELECTRÓNICA I
CONCEPTOS & P R Á C T I C A S D E L A B O R AT O R I O LUZ NOCTURNA AUTOMÁTICA AUTOMÁTICA
INVESTIGADORES A"#$%&' N()* L(#+&,# A. CI: /0.150.253 G#+67*(6' 8#$9 CI: /1..1;
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C O N C E P T O S & P R Á C T I C A S D E L A B O R A T O R I O P R A C T I C A N R O 3 L U Z N O C T U R N A A U T O M ÁT I C A
(NDICE GENERAL CONTENIDO
PÁGINA
INTRODUCCI)N
*
&> CONCEPTOS
+ + + ' 6
&> FUENTE DE PODER ?> REGULADOR DE VOLTA8E "> FOTORRESISTENCIA > RESISTENCIA (> POTENCIÓMETRO 4> LED => TRANSISTOR ;N-;;;;A ?> PRACTICA NRO * LUZ NOCTURNA AUTOMÁTICA
-
CONCLUSIONES
$
REFERENCIAS ANE.OS
* +
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C O N C E P T O S & P R Á C T I C A S D E L A B O R A T O R I O P R A C T I C A N R O 3 L U Z N O C T U R N A A U T O M ÁT I C A
INTRODUCCI)N
L& @,($(+%( @,7"%)"& ( *&?#,&%#,)# "#+$)$%( (+ (* #+%&( (* "),"<)%# L<6 N#"%<,+& A<%#7%)"&. E+ @,)(, *<=&, $( (+),7+ &*=<+#$ "#+"(@%#$ <( $#+ ( )%&* )@#,%&+")& @&,& "#@,(+(, ($%& @,7"%)"&' *<(=# $( ($%<)&,& (+ <9 "#+$)$%( (* "),"<)%#' $<$ &@*)"&")#+($' *& *)$%& ( "#@#+(+%($ <( $( ,(<)(,(+' $< )&=,&& ($<(7%)"# $( ,(&*)6&,& <+& #)"&")+ &* "),"<)%# #,)=)+&* @&,& )+"*<), (+ $< "),"<)%(,H& 7$ "#@#+(+%($ <( @(,)%&+ &&@%&, (* "),"<)%# &* #+%&( +&*. A(7$ $( ,(&*)6&,& (* #+%&( (* "),"<)%# (+ $)<*&#, (+ *& @*&"& ( @,7"%)"&$ P,#%#B#&,> %&+%# ),%<&* "## 4H$)"&' @&,& (**# $( <%)*)6&,&+ "## J(,,&)(+%&$ (* $)<*&#, V),%<&* L)(K),( V(,$)+ /.// *& @*&"& ( @,7"%)"&$ P,#%#B#&,>.
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C O N C E P T O S & P R Á C T I C A S D E L A B O R A T O R I O P R A C T I C A N R O 3 L U Z N O C T U R N A A U T O M ÁT I C A
CONCEPTOS a1 FUENTE DE PODER2 E+ (*("%,+)"&' *& 4<(+%( ( &*)(+%&")+ # 4<(+%( ( @#(, ($ (* )$@#$)%)# <( "#+)(,%( *& "#,,)(+%( &*%(,+& CA>' (+ <+& # &,)&$ "#,,)(+%($ "#+%)+<&$ CC>' <( &*)(+%&+ *#$ )$%)+%#$ "),"<)%#$ (* &@&,&%# (*("%,+)"# &* <( $( "#+("%& "#@<%&#,&' %(*()$#,' )@,($#,&' ,#<%(,' (%"9%(,&>. E+ )+=*9$ $( "#+#"( "## power supply unit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
31 REGULADOR DE VOLTAJE2 U+ ,(=<*&#, ( %(+$)+ # ,(=<*&#, ( #*%&( ($ <+ )$@#$)%)# (*("%,+)"# )$(&# @&,& &+%(+(, <+ +)(* ( %(+$)+ "#+$%&+%(. L#$ ,(=<*&#,($ (*("%,+)"#$ ( %(+$)+ $( (+"<(+%,&+ (+ )$@#$)%)#$ "## *&$ 4<(+%($ ( &*)(+%&")+ ( *#$ "#@<%&#,($' #+( ($%&?)*)6&+ *&$ %(+$)#+($ ( C#,,)(+%( C#+%)+<& <$&&$ @#, (* @,#"($&#, #%,#$ (*((+%#$. E+ *#$ &*%(,+&#,($ ( *#$ &<%#)*($ (+ *&$ @*&+%&$ =(+(,&#,&$' *#$ ,(=<*&#,($ ( %(+$)+ "#+%,#*&+ *& $&*)& ( *& @*&+%&. E+ <+ $)$%(& ( )$%,)?<")+ ( (+(,=H& (*9"%,)"&' *#$ ,(=<*&#,($ ( %(+$)+ @<((+ )+$%&*&,$( (+ <+& $
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C O N C E P T O S & P R Á C T I C A S D E L A B O R A T O R I O P R A C T I C A N R O 3 L U Z N O C T U R N A A U T O M ÁT I C A
R(=<*&#, ( V#*%&( 2/; @#$)%)#: 2 ($ *& (+#)+&")+ ( <+& @#@<*&, 4&)*)& ( ,(=<*&#,($ ( %(+$)+ @#$)%)&. E$ <+ "#@#+(+%( "#+ (+ <"J&$ 4<(+%($ ( &*)(+%&")+. T)(+(+ %,($ %(,)+&*($ #*%&( ( (+%,&&' &$& #*%&( ( $&*)&> ($@(")"&")#+($ $))*&,($ <( $*# )(,(+ (+ *& %(+$)+ ( $&*)& $<)+)$%,&& # (+ *& )+%(+$)&. L& )+%(+$)& 7)& (@(+( (* ")=# )+%(,"&*&# %,&$ *#$ #$ @,)(,#$ H=)%#$.
&> FOTORRESISTENCIA2 U+ 4#%#,,($)$%#, # LDR @#, $<$ $)=*&$ (+ )+=*9$ lightdependent resistor > ($ <+ "#@#+(+%( (*("%,+)"# "<& ,($)$%(+")& &,H& (+ 4<+")+ ( *& *<6. E* &*#, ( ,($)$%(+")& (*9"%,)"& ( <+ LDR ($ ?&# "<&+# J& *<6 )+"))(+# (+ 9* @<(( ($"(+(, J&$%& 5 #J$> < &*%# "<&+# ($%7 & #$"<,&$ &,)#$ (=&#J)#$>. S< 4<+")#+&)(+%# $( ?&$& (+ (* (4("%# 4#%#(*9"%,)"#. U+ 4#%#,,($)$%#, ($%7 J("J# ( <+ $()"#+<"%#, ( &*%& ,($)$%(+")& "## (* $<*4<,# ( "&)#' P7=)+& ' ( '
C O N C E P T O S & P R Á C T I C A S D E L A B O R A T O R I O P R A C T I C A N R O 3 L U Z N O C T U R N A A U T O M ÁT I C A
CS. S) *& *<6 <( )+")( (+ (* )$@#$)%)# ($ ( &*%& 4,("<(+")&' *#$ 4#%#+($ $#+ &?$#,?)#$ @#, *&$ (*&$%)")&($ (* $()"#+<"%#, &+# & *#$ (*("%,#+($ *& $<")(+%( (+(,=H& @&,& $&*%&, *& ?&+& ( "#+<"")+. E* (*("%,+ *)?,( <( ,($<*%&' $< J<("# &$#")&#' "#+<"(+ *& (*("%,)")&' ( %&* ## <( )$)+<( *& ,($)$%(+")&. L#$ &*#,($ %H@)"#$ &,H&+ (+%,( / M' # 7$' (+ *& #$"<,)& / "#+ *<6 ?,)**&+%(. L&$ "9*<*&$ ( $<*4<,# (* "&)# $( ?&$&+ (+ *& "&@&")& (* "&)# ( &,)&, $< ,($)$%(+")& $(=+ *& "&+%)& ( *<6 <( )+")( (+ *& "9*<*&. C<&+%& 7$ *<6 )+")(' 7$ ?&& ($ *& ,($)$%(+")&. L&$ "9*<*&$ $#+ %&?)9+ "&@&"($ ( ,(&"")#+&, & <+& &@*)& =&& ( 4,("<(+")&$' )+"*<(+# )+4,&,,## IR>' *<6 )$)?*(' <*%,&)#*(%& UV>.
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
c1 RESISTENCIA2 S( (+#)+& ,($)$%#, &* "#@#+(+%( (*("%,+)"# )$(&# @&,& )+%,#<"), <+& ,($)$%(+")& (*9"%,)"& (%(,)+&& (+%,( #$ @<+%#$ ( <+ "),"<)%# (*9"%,)"#. E+ (* @,#@)# &,=#% (*9"%,)"# (*("%,+)"#' $#+ "#+#")#$ $)@*((+%( "## ,($)$%(+")&$. E+ #%,#$ "&$#$' "## (+ *&$ @*&+"J&$' "&*(+%&#,($' (%".' $( (@*(&+ ,($)$%(+")&$ @&,& @,#<"), "&*#, &@,#("J&+# (* (4("%# 8#<*(.
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C O N C E P T O S & P R Á C T I C A S D E L A B O R A T O R I O P R A C T I C A N R O 3 L U Z N O C T U R N A A U T O M ÁT I C A
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
d1 POTENCI)METRO2 U+ @#%(+")(%,# ($ <+ ,($)$%#, "<# &*#, ( ,($)$%(+")& ($ &,)&?*(. D( ($%& &+(,&' )+),("%&(+%(' $( @<(( "#+%,#*&, *& )+%(+$)& ( "#,,)(+%( <( Q<( @#, <+ "),"<)%# $) $( "#+("%& (+ @&,&*(*#' # *& )4(,(+")& ( @#%(+")&* &* "#+("%&,*# (+ $(,)(. N#,&*(+%(' *#$ @#%(+")(%,#$ $( <%)*)6&+ (+ "),"<)%#$ ( @#"& "#,,)(+%(. P&,& "),"<)%#$ ( "#,,)(+%($ &#,($' $( <%)*)6&+ *#$ ,($%&%#$' <( @<((+ )$)@&, 7$ @#%(+")&.
e1 LED2 U+ *( (* &",+)# )+=*9$ LED' l ight-emitting d iode: )## ()$#, ( *<6 (* @*<,&* &"(@%&# @#, *& RAE ($ ledes> ($ <+ "#@#+(+%( #@%#(*("%,+)"# @&$)# ' 7$ "#+",(%&(+%(' <+ )## <( ()%( *<6.
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C O N C E P T O S & P R Á C T I C A S D E L A B O R A T O R I O P R A C T I C A N R O 3 L U Z N O C T U R N A A U T O M ÁT I C A
41 TRANSISTOR $N5$$$$A2 E* ;N;;;;' %&?)9+ )(+%)"&# "## PN;;;;' ($ <+ %,&+$)$%#, ?)@#*&, NPN ( ?&& @#%(+")& ( <$# =(+(,&*. S),( %&+%# @&,& &@*)"&")#+($ ( &@*)"&")+ "## ( "#+<%&")+. P<(( &@*)"&, @(<(&$ "#,,)(+%($ & %(+$)#+($ @(<(&$ # ()&$ @#, *# %&+%#' $*# @<(( %,&%&, @#%(+")&$ ?&&$ +# &#,($ ( ()# K&%%$>. P<(( %,&?&&, & 4,("<(+")&$ ()&+&(+%( &*%&$.
P#, %#&$ ($&$ ,&6#+($' ($ <+ %,&+$)$%#, ( <$# =(+(,&*' 4,("<(+%((+%( <%)*)6&#$ (+ &@*)"&")#+($ ( ,&)# @#, *#$ "#+$%,<"%#,($ &")#+&#$ ( ,&)#$. E$ <+# ( *#$ %,&+$)$%#,($ #")&*($ <%)*)6&#$ (+ (* BITX. S< (,$&%)*)& J& @(,)%)# )+"*<$# &* "*
L&$ J#&$ ( ($@(")"&")#+($ $(&*&+ "## &*#,($ 7)#$ =&,&+%)6&#$ 5 )*)&@(,)#$' 5 #*%)#$ ( %(+$)+ ( "#*("%#,' J&$%& 5 )*)&%)#$ ( @#%(+")&. L& 4,("<(+")& ( %,&+$)")+ ($ ( ;5 & 0 M6' *# <( @(,)%( <%)*)6&,*# (+ &@*)"&")#+($ ( ,&)# ( &*%& 4,("<(+")& J&$%& 0 M6>. L& ?(%& 4&"%#, ( &@*)"&")+' JF(> (* %,&+$)$%#, ($ ( @#, *# (+#$ / &*#,($ ( /5 $#+ %H@)"#$.
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C O N C E P T O S & P R Á C T I C A S D E L A B O R A T O R I O P R A C T I C A N R O 3 L U Z N O C T U R N A A U T O M ÁT I C A
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C O N C E P T O S & P R Á C T I C A S D E L A B O R A T O R I O P R A C T I C A N R O 3 L U Z N O C T U R N A A U T O M ÁT I C A
4,("<(+%((+%( & <"J#$ $( *($ #*)& &@&=&,*&. L& )$& (+ <"J&$ #"&$)#+($ <(& @,(+)& @#, J#,&$' H&$ & ("($ @#, $(&+&$' (*(&+# (* "#+$<# ( (+(,=H& @&=#$ (%,&$ )++("($&,)#$. P&,& ,($#*(, ($%# $( @#,H& )$(&, <+ )$@#$)%)# (*("%,+)"# <( $( (+"&,=<( ( (+"(+(, (* ?#?)**#' (+ (* #(+%# <( (* $#* $( #"<*%& ( &@&=&,*# &<%#7%)"&(+%( "<&+# (* $#* <(*( & &$#&,$( &* &&+("(,' )=<&* <( *&$ *7@&,&$ ( )*<)+&")+ (* &*<?,&# @?*)"#. P#, (* 4&"%#, ("#+)"# $#*# #+%&,(#$ (* "),"<)%# (*("%,+)"#' ?&$( ( ($%( )$@#$)%)#. E$%( "),"<)%# %&?)9+ "#+#")# "## )+%(,,<@%#, ",(@<$"<*&,' ?<$"& "#+%,#*&, ( 4#,& &<%#7%)"& (* (+"(+)# &@&=&# ( <+ *( & %,&9$ ( <+& 4#%#,,($)$%(+")& <( 4<+")#+& (+ ($%( "&$# "## (*((+%# $(+$#,. D( ($%& 4#,& (+ (* "),"<)%# "<&+# J& @,($(+")& ( *<6' *& 4#%#,,($)$%(+")& ?&&,& $< ,($)$%(+")& "&$) & "(,# ?*#<(&+# &$H (* #*%&( @#$)%)# <( *( @,#@#,")#+& R/ & *& ?&$( (* %,&+$)$%#, @#, *# "<&* <(& "#+("%&# &* +(=&%)# +# "#+<"( (?)# & <( *& "#,,)(+%( (*9"%,)"& "),"<*& $)(@,( @#, (* "&)+# ( (+#, ,($)$%(+")&>. P#, #%,# *&#' (+ *& #$"<,)& *& 4#%#,,($)$%(+")& &<(+%& $< ,($)$%(+")& %&+%# <( $( =(+(,& <+& )4(,(+")& ( @#%(+")&* $#?,( (**& #*%&(> ($%# *# ( *& ?&$( (* %,&+$)$%#, "#+<"( @(,)%)(+# <( (* *( (+")(+&.
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