ANALISIS BAURAN PEMASARAN RESTORAN PIZZA (STUDI KASUS DI PIZZA HUT, PADJAJARAN 29, BOGOR)

MGMANUNU HMYXMG TIJMUMXMG XIUVCXMG TN[[M (UVYFN OMUYU FN TN[[M @YV! TMFKMKMXMG 8>! HCBCX.

Cai` AMJHCO JMXNM @YVMHMXMV @86=48448

FITMXVIJIG JMGMKIJIG LMOYAVMU IOCGCJN FMG JMGMKIJIG NGUVNVYV TIXVMGNMG HCBCX 844<

MHUVXMO Amjhco Jmxnm @yvmhmxmv' @86=48448' Mgmanunu Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m (Uvyfn Omuyu fn Tn{{m @yv! Tmfkmkmxmg 8>! Hcbcx.' Fn hmrm` hnjhngbmg Mhfya Oc`mx Nxrmgvc Oigfmam yvmjm ~mgb fn`mfmtn cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg mfmam` vngbbng~m vngbomv tixumngbmg fmamj ngfyuvxn tigbmfmmg tmgbmg jiamayn xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm! o`yuyug~m fn Ocvm Hcbcx' Tixumngbmg ~mgb fn`mfmtn vixyvmjm hixmuma fmxn oihixmfmmg xiuvcxmg*xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm amngg~m ~mgb hixacomun vnfmo hibnvy kmy` fmxn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg' Ocgfnun ngn jijhymv oijmjtymg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fmamj jixihyv tmgbum tmumx tixay fnvngbomvomg' Mfmtyg vykymg fmxn tigianvnmg ngn mfmam`; (=. Jigbnfigvnlnomunomg lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n oityvyumg hmyxmg tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg? (8. Jigigvyomg txncxnvmu hmyxmg tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg? fmg (5. Jixiocjigfmunomg hmyxmg tijmumxmg ygvyo fnvixmtomg cai` tixyum`mmg' Fmvm ~mgb fnbygmomg fmamj tigianvnmg ngn mfmam` fmvm txnjix fmg fmvm uioygfix' Fmvm txnjix fntixcai` fmxn `muna rmrmgemxm fmg tigbnunmg oynuncgix cai` xiutcgfig vixtnan` ~mgb vixfnxn fmxn tn`mo jmgmkijig fmg u`nlv aimfix xiuvcxmg tn{{m' Fmvm uioygfix fntixcai` fmxn fcoyjig hnugnu tixyum`mmg (hixytm amtcxmg oiymgbmg! fmlvmx jigy! fmg uikmxm` tixyum`mmg. fmg ngvixgiv' Mgmanunu jigbbygmomg Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno (T@M. figbmg hmgvymg txcbxmj Iptixv E`cnei 8444 Vxnma \ixuncg uixvm txcbxmj Jnexcuclv Ipeia' Tig~yuygmg `nxmxon hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg vixfnxn fmxn `nxmxon hmyxmg txcjcun! tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm! hmyxmg angn txcfyo! hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun! fmg hmyxmg uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm' Lmovcx ~mgb tmangb tigvngb ygvyo fntixvnjhmgbomg fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv mfmam` unomt ocguyjig! ~mnvy vigvmgb hmbmnjmgm ocguyjig hiximoun vix`mfmt txcfyo fmg hmbmnjmgm ocguyjig jijtixcai` oitymumg momg gnamn ~mgb fn`mxmtomg fmxn txcfyo' Tignamnmg hchcv fmg txncxnvmu hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg jigygkyoomg hm`rm txncxnvmu tixvmjm mfmam` hmyxmg txcfyo figbmg hchcv 4!6=00! txncxnvmu oifym mfmam` hmyxmg UFJ figbmg hchcv 4!5848! txncxnvmu oivnbm mfmam` hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun figbmg hchcv 4!=8<2! txncxnvmu oiijtmv mfmam` hmyxmg txcjcun figbmg hchcv 4!4226! fmg txncxnvmu oianjm mfmam` hmyxmg `mxbm figbmg hchcv 4!4<64' Txncxnvmu hmyxmg tixvmjm hmbn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv mfmam` hmyxmg txcfyo' Jmom xiuvcxmg tn{{m aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg tigbijhmgbmg yum`mg~m airmv tigbijhmgbmg txcfyo kmumg~m! hmno figbmg jigbijhmgbomg txcfyo g~mvm (vmgbnhai txcfyev. airmv jmomgmg ~mgb fnumknomg! jmytyg figbmg jigbijhmgbomg txcfyo vnfmo g~mvm (ngvmgbnhai txcfyev . airmv cxmgb mvmy UFJ ~mgb jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg' Fn`mxmtomg figbmg oihix`munamg fmamj jijhixnomg txcfyo vixhmno fmg tiam~mgmg airmv UFJ ~mgb vixamvn` jmom xiuvcxmg jmjty jixmn` tmgbum tmumx ~mgb aihn` aymu' Txncxnvmu yvmjm tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg txcfyo mfmam` tixigvmgbmg angn txcfyo (hchcv 4!28=9. figbmg emxm jigbmgiomxmbmjomg txcfyo fmamj `ma yoyxmg! `mxbm! uixvm |mxnmun kignu fmg xmum' Ocjtcunun fmumx tn{{m uitixvn xcvn fmg umyu muan tn{{m vivmt fntixvm`mgomg mbmx vnfmo jigb`namgbomg oimuanmgg~m! ~mgb tixay fnxigvmgbomg mfmam` vmjhm`mg |mxnmun vcttngb tn{{m! ui`ngbbm hnum jigmjhm` |mxnmun fmxn kignu fmg xmum tn{{m! mbmx tiamgbbmg jijnanon tiaymgb ~mgb aihn` aymu ygvyo hnum jiamoyomg tijnan`mg txcfyo ~mgb uiuymn figbmg uiaixmg~m'

MGMANUNU HMYXMG TIJMUMXMG XIUVCXMG TN[[M (UVYFN OMUYU FN TN[[M @YV! TMFKMKMXMG 8>! HCBCX.

UOXNTUN Uihmbmn umam` umvy u~mxmv ygvyo jijtixcai` biamx UMXKMGM IOCGCJN tmfm Fitmxvijig Jmgmkijig Lmoyavmu Iocgcjn fmg Jmgmkijig Nguvnvyv Tixvmgnmg Hcbcx



NGUVNVYV TIXVMGNMG HCBCX LMOYAVMU IOCGCJN FMG JMGMKIJIG FITMXVIJIG JMGMKIJIG

MGMANUNU HMYXMG TIJMUMXMG XIUVCXMG TN[[M (UVYFN OMUYU FN TN[[M @YV! TMFKMKMXMG 8>! HCBCX .

UOXNTUN

Uihmbmn umam` umvy u~mxmv ygvyo jijtixcai` biamx UMXKMGM IOCGCJN

tmfm Fitmxvijig Jmgmkijig Lmoyavmu Iocgcjn fmg Jmgmkijig Nguvnvyv Tixvmgnmg Hcbcx


Jig~ivykyn! Kygn 844<

Fx' Nx' Mhfya Oc`mx Nxrmgvc! JUe' Fcuig Tijhnjhngb

Jigbivm`yn!

Fx' Nx' Kcgc J' Jygmgfmx! JUe' Oivym Fitmxvijig

Vmgbbma Yknmg ; 85 Jin 844<

Vmgbbma Ayayu ;

XNRM^MV @NFYT

Tigyanu fnam`nxomg fn Tmfmgbunfnjtymg tmfm vmgbbma == Uitvijhix =>05' =>05' Tigyanu jixytmomg mgmo fmxn tmumgbmg Umyv @yvmhmxmv U'Ucu fmg Xcumajm Unjmgkygvmo' Fmamj oiaymxbm! tigyanu mfmam` mgmo oifym fmxn vnbm hixumyfmxm' Tigyanu jig~iaiumnomg tigfnfnomg mrma fn VO Umgvm Hixgmfivvm Tmfmgbunfnjtymg tmfm vm`yg =>>4! amay jiamgkyvomg oi Uiocam` Fmumx Urmuvm Umgvc Pm|ixnyu Tmfmgbunfnjtymg' Tmfm vm`yg =>>>>' Oijyfnmg tigyanu jiamgkyvomg tigfnfnomg fn Uiocam` Jigigbm` Yjyj Gibixn 8 Tmfmgbunfnjtymg fmg jmuyo fmamj txcbxmj NTM tmfm vm`yg 844=' Uiamjm fn Uiocam` Jigigbm` Yjyj tigyanu movnl fmamj oibnmvmg iouvxmoyxnoyaix Tmuyomg Tigbnhmx Higfixm fmg vixtnan` uihmbmn rmona fmxn fmixm` vngbomv NN Tmfmgbunfnjtymg ygvyo jigbnhmxomg higfixm oi fmixm` vngbomv N txctngun Uyjmvixm Yvmxm' Tigyanu kybm tixgm` jigkmfn kymxm NNN acjhm tnfmvc Hm`mum Ngbbxnu vngbomv UJY uifixmkmv ui*Ocvmjmf~m Vmtmgyan Uiamvmg' Tmfm vm`yg 8448! tigyanu fnvixnjm fn Fitmxvijig Jmgmkijig! Lmoyavmu Iocgcjn fmg Jmgmkijig! Nguvnvyv Tixvmgnmg Hcbcx jiamayn kmayx Ygfmgbmg Umxngbmg Jmuyo NTH (YUJN.' Uiamjm jigbnoyvn tixoyanm`mg! tigyanu jigkmfn mgbbcvm movnl tmfm YOJ TJO (Tixuioyvymg Jm`munurm Oxnuvig. NTH! fmg jigkmhmv uihmbmn occxfngmvcx Ocjnun Tiam~mgmg Mgmo tmfm vm`yg 8446#8449' Umjhna oyanm`! tigyanu kybm hioixkm jigkmfn tmxv vnjix fn umam` umvy xiuvcxmg fn Hcbcx uikmo Kygn 8449 umjtmn uiomxmgb'

nnn

OMVM TIGBMGVMX

Uibmam tykn fmg u~yoyx uigmgvnmum tigyanu tmgkmvomg oitmfm Vy`mg îuyu ~mgb uiamay hmno fmg tigy` omun` uivnm jig~ixvmn tigyanu fmamj jiamoyomg tigianvnmg! ui`ngbbm fmtmv jig~iaiumnomg uoxntun ~mgb hixkyfya ‑Mgmanunu Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m (Uvyfn Omuyu fn Tn{{m @yv! Tmfkmkmxmg Tmfkmkmxmg 8>! Hcbcx.‚ ngn figbmg hmno' Uoxntun ngn fnvyanu uihmbmn u~mxmv ygvyo jijtixcai` biamx Umxkmgm Iocgcjn tmfm Fitmxvijig Jmgmkijig! Lmoyavmu Iocgcjn fmg Jmgmkijig! Nguvnvyv Tixvmgnmg Hcbcx' Tigyanu hmg~mo jijtixcai` hmgvymg fmg fyoygbmg fmxn hixhmbmn tn`mo fmamj tig~yuygmg uoxntun ngn' Cai` omxigm nvy! tigyanu jigbyemtomg vixnjm omun` ~mgb uihiumx*hiumxg~m oitmfm ; =' Hmtmo fmg Jmjm ~mgb vixyu jijhixn uijmgbmv airmv fyoygbmg! omun` um~mgb! fcm fmg jmvixn! kybm Mhmgb @iuvcg fmg Mfno Kcgmv`mg ~mgb uiamay jig~ijmgbmvn! uixvm fyoygbmg fmxn uiayxy` oiaymxbm' 8' Fx' Nx' Mhfya Oc`mx Nxrmgvc! JUe uihmbmn fcuig tijhnjhngb ~mgb viam` hmg~mo jiaymgbomg rmovy ygvyo jijhixnomg tix`mvnmg! hnjhngbmg! umxmg! mxm`mg fmg jcvn|mun hmbn tigyanu' 5' Nx'

Hyfn

Tyxrmgvc!

JI

fmg

Ixang

Vxnu~yanmgvn!

U'VT'!

J'Un

mvmu

oihixuifnmmgg~m ygvyo jiaymgbomg rmovy uihmbmn fcuig tigbykn' 6' Uiayxy` uvml fmg omx~mrmg Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg 8> Hcbcx ~mgb hixuifnm jiaymgbomg rmovy ygvyo jijhixnomg nglcxjmun ~mgb fnhyvyòmg hmbn tigianvnmg ngn' 9' Uiayxy` uvml tigbmkmx fmg vmvm yum`m fn Fitmxvijig Jmgmkijig LIJ NTH' <' Vijmg*vijmg Jmgmkijig! vijmg*vijmg fn OTM! vijmg*vijmg TJO! vijmg* vijmg uiocumg! um`mhmv*um`mhmv uivnmoy (I|n! Mgbia! Fiuu~! Iaum. fmg ~mgb vixomun` Aic mvmu uibmam fyoygbmg jcxna ~mgb fnhixnomg' Tigyanu jig~mfmxn jmun` hmg~mo oioyxmgbmg fmxn uoxntun ngn' Cai` omxigm nvy! oxnvno fmg umxmg ~mgb jijhmgbyg fntixayomg ygvyo jijhymv jijhymv uoxntun ngn jigkmfn aihn` hmno' Mo`nxg~m! tigyanu hix`mxmt uijcbm uoxntun ngn fmtmv hixjmglmmv hmbn onvm uijym' Hcbcx! Jin 844< Tigyanu

n|

FMLVMX NUN @mamjmg MHUVXMO XNRM^MV @NFYT ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''

nnn

OMVM TIGBMGVMX ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''

n|

FMLVMX NUN ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''

|

FMLVMX VMHIA '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''' |nn FMLVMX BMJHMX ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''' |nnn FMLVMX AMJTNXMG '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' N'

NN'

np

TIGFM@YAYMG ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''

=

='=' ='8' ='5' ='6' ='9'

Amvmx Hiamomgb ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''' Tixyjyumg Tixyjyumg Jmumam` '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''' Vykymg Vykymg Tigianvnmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''' Jmglmmv Jmglmmv Tigianvnmg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' Xymgb Angboyt Tigianvnmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

= 8 5 5 5

VNGKMYMG TYUVMOM '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''

6

8'=' Ocguit Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8'8' Kmum ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''' 8'5' Angboygbmg Tixyum`mmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''' 8'5'=' Angboygbmg Kmy` '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''' 8'5'8' Angboygbmg Ngfyuvxn '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8'5'5' Angboygbmg Ngvixgma ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '' 8'6' Xiuvcxmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8'9' Tn{{m ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''' 8'<' Jivcfi Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

6 9 < < 2 2 0 0 0

NNN' JIVCFCACBN TIGIANVNMG ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '' ==

5'=' 5'8' 5'5' 5'6'

Oixmgbom Tijnonxmg Ocguitvyma ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Kignu fmg Uyjhix Fmvm ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''' Jivcfi Tigbyjtyamg Fmvm ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Jivcfi Tigbcam`mg fmg Mgmanunu Fmvm ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

== =6 =6 =9

N\' @MUNA FMG TIJHM@MUMG ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' 86

6'=' Bmjhmxmg Yjyj Tixyum`mmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'='=' Uikmxm` Ungbomv Tixyum`mmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'='8' \nun fmg Jnun Tixyum`mmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' 6'='5' Tigigvymg Tcunun Tixyum`mmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'='6' Uvxyovyx Cxbmgnumun Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'8' Mgmanunu Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''' 6'8'=' Iaijig Txcfyo (Txcfyev . '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''' 6'8'8' Hyovn Lnuno ( T`~unema Ilnfigei. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'8'5' Vijtmv fmg Rmovy (Tamei mgf Vnji . '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

|

86 86 86 89 89 8< 8< 82 80

6'5'

6'6'

6'9'

6'<' 6'2'

6'0'

6'8'6' Txcuiu Txcfyoun ( Txcfyevncg Txceiuu . ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'8'9' Txcfyovn|nvmu fmg Oymanvmu (Txcfyevn|nv~ mgf ]ymanv~ . '''''''' '''''''' 6'8'<' Cxmgb (Tictai. ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' 6'8'2' Txcjcun fmg Ifyomun Ifyomun (Txcjcvncg mgf Ifyemvncg . '''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''' 6'8'0' @mxbm fmg Hnm~m Kmum Amngg~m (Txnei mgf Cvìx Ecuvu . '''''' '''''' Mgmanunu Angboygbmg Ngvixgma ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''' 6'5'=' Mutio Tmumx fmg Tijmumxmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''' 6'5'8' Mutio Jmgmkijig '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '' 6'5'5' Mutio Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'5'6' Mutio Oiymgbmg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'5'9' Mutio Ctixmuncgma ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' Mgmanunu Angboygbmg Kmy` ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''' 6'6'=' Angboygbmg Ucunma Hyfm~m ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'6'8' Angboygbmg Iocgcjn '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''' 6'6'5' Angboygbmg Mamj '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''' 6'6'6' Angboygbmg Viogcacbn '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''' 6'6'9' Angboygbmg Tcanvno fmg @yoyj ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Mgmanunu Angboygbmg Ngfyuvxn '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''' 6'9'=' Mutio @mjhmvmg Jmuyo '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'9'8' Mutio Fm~m Vmrmx Tijmuco ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'9'5' Mutio Fm~m Vmrmx Tijhian ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' 6'9'6' Mutio Oivixuifnmmg Hmxmgb Uyhuvnvyun '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'9'9' Mutio Tixumngbmg fmamj Ngfyuvxn ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '' Nfigvnlnomun Oioymvmg! Oiaijm`mg! Tiaymgb! fmg Mgemjmg ''''''''''' Ocguvxyoun @nxmxon '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''' 6'2'=' Uibjig! Vmxbiv fmg Tijcununmg Tixyum`mmmg ''''''''''''''''''''' 6'2'8' Tigbijhmgbmg Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'2'5' Hmyxmg Txcjcun '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''' 6'2'6' Tigivmtmg Hmyxmg @mxbm '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'2'9' Hmyxmg Angn Txcfyo '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' 6'2'<' Hmyxmg Fnuvxnhyun ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'2'2' Hmyxmg Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm (UFJ. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Mgmanunu Txncxnvmu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'0'=' Uibjig! Vmxbiv fmg Tijcununmg Tixyum`mmg ''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'0'8' Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'0'5' Hmyxmg Txcjcun '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''' 6'0'6' Tigivmtmg Hmyxmg @mxbm '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'0'9' Hmyxmg Angn Txcfyo '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' 6'0'<' Hmyxmg Fnuvxnhyun ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 6'0'2' Hmyxmg Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm (UFJ. ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

8> 54 54 58 55 56 56 59 5< 50 5> 64 64 6= 68 68 68 65 65 65 66 66 69 6< 60 60 94 98 99 92 90 9> <= <= <5 << 24 26 2< 20

OIUNJTYAMG FMG UMXMG ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''' 0=

=' Oiunjtyamg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''' 0= 8' Umxmg Umxmg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 08 FMLVMX TYUVMOM ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 06 AMJTNXMG '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''' 0<

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FMLVMX VMHIA Gc'

=' 8' 5' 6' 9' <' 2' 0' >' =4' ==' =8' =5' =6' =9' =<' =2' =0' =>' 84' 8=' 88' 85' 86' 89' 8<' 82' 80'

@mamjmg

Gnamn Uomam Hmgfngb Hixtmumgbmg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Gnamn Ngfiou Memo (XN. Jmvxnou Hixcxfi 8 u'f' =4 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Tijhmbnmg u`nlv oixkm omx~mrmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg Tmfkmkmxmg '''''''''''''' Tixuigvmui Tixyhm`mg Gnamn Tigkymamg Hixun` xiuvcxmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg Hcbcx! Hcbcx! vm`yg 844=*8449 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''' 8 Kyjam` Xyjm` Xyjm` Vmgbbm! Tigfyfyo! fmg Aymu Rnam~m` (oj . fn Ocvm Hcbcx! Vm`yg 8446 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''' Tixoijhmgbmg Nglamun Gmuncgma ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg uvxmvibn tijcununmg ''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu mavixgmvnl*mavixgmvnl uvxmvibn tijcununmg '''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg '''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu txncxnvmu vykymg vykymg fmxn uvxmvibn tijmumxmg tijmumxmg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu txncxnvmu oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg hmyxmg uvxmvibn uvxmvibn tijmumxmg tijmumxmg ''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg hmyxmg txcjcun ''''''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg txcjcun ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. tixnoamgmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu txncxnvmu uyh uyh oxnvixnm oxnvixnm (vmovno. ocjygnomun txnhmfn ''''''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. txcjcun tigkymamg '''''''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu txncxnvmu uyh uyh oxnvixnm oxnvixnm (vmovno. `yhygbmg jmu~mxmomv ''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg tig~yuyg tigivmtmg tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm '''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm '''''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu uyh uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. `mxbm jigbyxmgbn jigbyxmgbn oivnfmotmuvnmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu uyh uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. `mxbm hixfmumxomg hixfmumxomg `yhygbmg figbmg tiamgbbmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''' Hchcv fmg fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg hmyxmg hmyxmg angn txcfyo ''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu txncxnvmu oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg hmyxmg angn txcfyo ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun '''''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu txncxnvmu oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun fnuvxnhyun '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg hmyxmg UFJ '''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg UFJ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Xiomtnvyamun @muna Tigbcam`mg T@M ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''

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=0 8= 52 50 64 6= <8 <5 <6 <9 << <2 <0 <0 <> <> 24 2= 28 25 26 26 29 2< 22 20 2> 04

FMLVMX BMJHMX Gc'

=' 8' 5' 6' 9' <' 2' 0' >' =4' ==' =8' =5' =6' =9' =<'

@mamjmg

Oixmgbom tijnonxmg tigianvnmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' Mayx tnonx tigianvnmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''' Jcfia uvxyovyx `nxmxon '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' Jmvxnou tigfmtmv ngfn|nfy ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''' Jmvxnou tigfmtmv bmhygbmg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''' Fnmbxmj manx txcuiu `nxmxon mgmanvno (T@M. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Uvxyovyx cxbmgnumun Tn{{m @yv ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '' @nxmxon uvxmvibn tijcununmg txcfyo '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''' @nxmxon uvxmvibn tijmumxmg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''' @nxmxon hmyxmg txcjcun ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''' @nxmxon tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' @nxmxon hmyxmg angn txcfyo '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''' @nxmxon hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' @nxmxon hmyxmg uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm jmgyunm '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''' Fnmbxmj hchcv oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg ''''''''''''''''''''' Fnmbxmj hchcv oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg txcfyo '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

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=8 =5 =< =0 => 85 89 94 9= 95 9< 92 9> <= << 29

FMLVMX AMJTNXMG Gc'

=' 8' 5' 6'

@mamjmg

Uikmxm` Tixyum`mmg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' Fmlvmx Jigy Tn{{m @yv (Mtxna! 844<. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Oynuncgix Tigianvnmg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' @muna Tigbnunmg Oynuncgix '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''

np

02 00 >8 ==4

N' TIGFM@YAYMG

='='

Amvmx Hiamomgb

Tiaymgb tmumx fn hnfmgb ngfyuvxn jmomgmg uijmemj tn{{m vixg~mvm umgbmv vixhyom aymu' Vixhyomg~m tiaymgb ngn fnuihmhomg omxigm mfmg~m tixbiuixmg tcam ocguyjun fmg bm~m `nfyt jmu~mxmomv tixocvmmg' Umam` umvy kignu yum`m ~mgb vixomnv figbmg tig~ifnmmg jmomgmg kmfn fnuixvmn figbmg tiam~mgmg mfmam` jiamayn hnugnu xiuvcxmg tn{{m' Fn Ngfcgiunm! xiuvcxmg tn{{m ~mgb tixvmjm oman `mfnx mfmam` Tn{{m @yv! vitmvg~m tmfm vm`yg =>06' Figbmg omvm amng Tn{{m @yv mfmam` tiactcx `mfnxg~m xiuvcxmg figbmg `nfmgbmg mungb hixytm tn{{m fn Ngfcgiunm omxigm jian`mv tiaymgb tmumx |mxnmun jmomgmg mavixgmvnl ~mgb umgbmv hiumx' Xiuvcxmg Xiu vcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn Ngfcgiunm vixg~mvm hibnvy eitmv hixoijhmgb! hmòmg hixoijhmgb aihn` tiumv fnhmgfngbomg figbmg Tn{{m @yv fn hihixmtm gibmxm' Ummv ngn kyjam` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn Ngfcgiunm uyfm` jigemtmn =89 xiuvcxmg ~mgb vixuihmx fn 88 txctngun' Hnugnu ngn jijhixnomg ocgvxnhyun ~mgb eyoyt hiumx fmamj jig~ifnmomg amtmgbmg tioixkmmg ygvyo jmu~mxmomv! fnjmgm viam` jigmjtygb uionvmx 9444 vigmbm oixkm tmfm vm`yg 8449 fmg fnvmxbivomg momg jigixnjm uionvmx uixnhy vigmbm oixkm uivnmt vm`ygg~m jiamayn tijhyommg xiuvcxmg hmxy' Fn Hcbcx! xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv kybm hix`muna jijtixcai` tix`mvnmg fmxn ocguyjig fmg tixvmjm oman fnhyom tmfm vm`yg =>>8 ~mgb hixacomun fn Ngvixgyum Tam{m' Omxigm jigbmamjn oihmomxmg tmfm vm`yg =>>9! jmom fnfnxnomg xiuvcxmg ~mgb oifym fn Ka' Xm~m Tmfkmkmxmg 8>' Oijyfnmg fnfnxnomg fym xiuvcxmg ambn omxigm tixoijhmgbmgg~m eyoyt tiumv! ~mgb hixacomun fn fmixm` Tmfkmkmxmg Rmxygb Kmjhy fmg fn fmixm` Enjmgbby' Figbmg fijnonmg! ummv ngn vixfmtmv vnbm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn Ocvm Hcbcx fmg jigmjtygb uionvmx =94 vigmbm oixkm' Gmjyg! tixoijhmgbmg fmamj ngfyuvxn tig~ifnmmg tmgbmg uitixvn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uijmong hixoijhmgb' @ma ngn fmtmv vixan`mv fmxn `mfnxg~m uikyjam` xiuvcxmg hmxy jmomgmg kignu tn{{m' Oi`mfnxmg xiuvcxmg*xiuvcxmg tn{{m ~mgb hmxy ngn jigkmfn uymvy vmgvmgbmg hmbn Tn{{m @yv ygvyo jigngbomvomg oijmjtymg hixumngb uixvm jijtixaymu tmgbum tmumxg~m' Uiamng ygvyo jigb`mfmtn tiumngb fmxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m uikignu! Tn{{m @yv kybm tixay jigb`mfmtn tixumngbmg ~mgb

8

uijmong oivmv fmamj ngfyuvxn tig~ifnmmg tmgbmg fmxn hixhmbmn kignu xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm amng figbmg txcfyo ~mgb hixhifm*hifm' Tn{{m @yv jijixayomg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg vixhmno ygvyo jijtixvm`mgomg fmg jigngbomvomg yum`mg~m' Cai` omxigm nvy! fntixayomg uymvy uvyfn ~mgb jmjty jijtiamkmxn fmg jigbmgmanunu hmyxmg tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg tn{{m fmamj uvxmvibn tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv ygvyo jigb`munaomg hmyxmg tijmumxmg ~mgb tmangb iliovnl ygvyo fnvixmtomg cai` Tn{{m @yv fmamj jigbijhmgbomg yum`mg~m'

='8'

Tixyjyumg Jmumam`

Hixoijhmgbg~m ngfyuvxn tig~ifnmmg tmgbmg fn Ngfcgiunm jijhixnomg fmjtmo tcunvnl hmbn tigngbomvmg oiuijtmvmg oixkm' Gmjyg! tixoijhmgbmg ngn jignjhyaomg uijmong oivmvg~m tixumngbmg fmamj jixihyv tmumx ocguyjig' Tiumngb tmfm ngfyuvxn tig~ifnmmg tmgbmg fn Hcbcx jyamn hixjygeyamg! uixvm jigixmtomg unuvij rmxmamhm umjm uitixvn Tn{{m @yv' Rmamytyg figbmg unuvij rmxmamhm vnfmoam` jyfm` ygvyo jijhmgbyg xiuvcxmg hmxy! gmjyg hmg~mo xiuvcxmg hmxy ~mgb hixjygeyamg fn Hcbcx fmg jigmxno tix`mvnmg ~mgb hiumx fmxn tmxm ocguyjig' Ygvyo nvy! Tn{{m @yv uihmbmn hmbnmg fmxn hnugnu ngfyuvxn tig~ifnmmg tmgbmg jijixayomg tigianvnmg fmg tigbijhmgbmg ~mgb knvy vigvmgb hmbmnjmgm emxmg~m jigbmvyx hmyxmg tijmumxmg vixhmno ygvyo jijtixvm`mgomg fmg jigngbomvomg yum`mg~m fmamj noanj tixumngbmg ~mgb uijmong vngbbn ummv ngn' Figbmg mfmg~m lmovm fn mvmu jmom fmtmv fnxyjyuomg tixjmumam`mg ~mgb vnjhya mfmam` uihmbmn hixnoyv; ='

Hmbmnjmgm oibnmvmg tijmumxmg ~mgb fnamoyomg tixyum`mmg3

8'

Lmovcx*lmovcx mtm umkm ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n tig~yuygmg hmyxmg tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg3

5'

Hmbmnjmgm hmyxmg tijmumxmg ~mgb tmangb vitmv ygvyo fnvixmtomg fn tixyum`mmg3

5

='5'

Vykymg Tigianvnmg

Mfmtyg vykymg fmxn tigianvnmg ngn mfmam`; ='

Jigbnfigvnlnomunomg lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n oityvyumg hmyxmg tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg'

='6'

8'

Jigigvyomg txncxnvmu hmyxmg tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg'

5'

Jixiocjigfmunomg hmyxmg tijmumxmg ygvyo fnvixmtomg cai` tixyum`mmg'

Jmglmmv Tigianvnmg

@muna fmxn tigianvnmg ngn fn`mxmtomg hnum jijhixnomg jmglmmv ~mgb hixmxvn hmbn tn`mo*tn`mo ~mgb jijixayomgg~m! jijixayomgg~m! mgvmxm amng ; ='

Hmbn tigyanu ygvyo jigmjhm` rmrmumg fmamj hnfmgb tijmumxmg fmg jigentvmomg oijmjtymg fmamj jijnan` txncxnvmu hmyxmg tijmumxmg'

8'

Hmbn

tixyum`mmg

uihmbmn

jmuyomg

fmg

xiocjigfmun

~mgb

hnum

fntixvnjhmgbomg ygvyo tigbijhmgbmg tixyum`mmg 5'

Hmbn tijhmem uihmbmn hm`mg omknmg jigbigmn tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg fmg uihmbmn xykyomg hmbn tigianvnmg uiamgkyvg~m'

='9'

Xymgb Angboyt Tigianvnmg

Tigbomknmg fnamoyomg figbmg jigbmgmanunu hmyxmg tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg! lmovcx*lmovcx iouvixgma fmg lmovcx*lmovcx ngvixgma tixyum`mmg' Airmv mgmanunu vix`mfmt hmyxmg tijmumxmg fmg angboygbmg tixyum`mmg fntixcai` lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg `nxmxon ~mgb uiamgkyvg~m fnmgmanunu figbmg jigbbygmomg jivcfi Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno (T@M.'

6

NN' VNGKMYMG TYUVMOM

8'='

Ocguit Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg

Ocvaix (=>>2. jigfilngnunomg tijmumxmg uihmbmn uymvy txcuiu ucunma fmg jmgmkixnma fnjmgm ngfn|nfy fmg oiacjtco jigfmtmvomg mtm ~mgb jixiom hyvyòmg fmg ngbngomg figbmg jigentvmomg! jigmrmxomg! fmg jijtixvyomxomg txcfyo ~mgb hixgnamn figbmg figbmg tn`mo amng' Ocguit tijmumxmg jigyxyv jigyxyv Ocvaix (=>>2. jig~mvmomg hm`rm oygen ygvyo jixmn` vykymg cxbmgnumun mfmam` jigkmfn aihn` iliovnl fmxntmfm tmxm tiumngb fmamj jijmfyomg oibnmvmg tijmumxmg bygm jigivmtomg fmg jijymuomg oihyvy`mg fmg oingbngmg tmumx umumxmg' Ocguit ngn hixumgfmx tmfm ijtmv tnamx! ~mnvy tmumx umumxmg! oihyvy`mg tiamgbbmg! tijmumxmg vixtmfy! fmg txclnvmhnanvmu' Tijmumxmg jixytmomg umam` umvy fmxn oibnmvmg*oibnmvmg tcoco ~mgb fnamoyomg cai` tmxm tigbyum`m fmamj yum`mg~m ygvyo jijtixvm`mgomg oiamgbuygbmg `nfytg~m! ygvyo hixoijhmgb! fmg jigfmtmvomg amhm' Hix`muna vnfmog~m fmamj tigemtmnmg vykymg hnugnu vixbmgvygb tmfm oimànmg jixiom fn hnfmgb tijmumxmg! oiymgbmg! jmytyg hnfmgb hnfmgb ~mgb amng' Uiamng nvy kybm vixbmgvygb tmfm oijmjtymg jixiom ygvyo jigbocjhngmunomg lygbun*lygbun vixuihyv mbmx cxbmgnumun fmtmv hixkmamg amgemx (Amrxigei fmg Bayieo!=>>9.' B ayieo!=>>9.' Jigyxyv Jmxxyu fmamj Yjmx (844=.! uvxmvibn fnfilngnunomg uihmbmn uymvy txcuiu tigigvymg xigemgm tmxm tijnjtng tygemo ~mgb hixlcoyu tmfm vykymg kmgbom tmgkmgb cxbmgnumun! fnuixvmn tig~yuygmg uymvy emxm mvmy ytm~m hmbmnjmgm uytm~m vykymg vixuihyv fmtmv vixemtmn' Uifmgbomg Txm`mamv fmamj Yjmx (844=. jigbmvmomg hm`rm uvxmvibn jixytmomg vngfmomg ~mgb hixunlmv ngexijigvma (uigmgvnmum jigngbomv. fmg vixyu jigixyu! uixvm fnamoyomg hixfmumxomg uyfyv tmgfmgb vigvmgb mtm ~mgb fn`mxmtomg fn`mxmtomg cai` tmxm tiamgbbmg tiamgbbmg fn jmum fitmg' Ocvaix (=>>2. jigbijyomomg hm`rm uvxmvibn tijmumxmg vixfnxn fmxn txngunt* txngunt fmumx ~mgb jiamgfmun jmgmkijig ygvyo jigemtmn vykymg hnugnu fmg tixjmumam`mgg~m fmamj uihym` tmumx umumxmg! hmyxmg tijmumxmg! fmg macomun tijmumxmg' Tixigemgmmg T ixigemgmmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg vnfmo `mg~m fnvngkmy fmxn lmovcx ~mgb fmtmv fnoigfmanomg umkm! vivmtn tixay fnanhmvomg lmovcx ~mgb vnfmo fmtmv fnoigfmanomg (@ixngfmkmgvc! =>>9.'

9

Hmyxmg tijmumxmg kmum fnoijmu fmamj uymvy jcfia 0T cai` Ac|iaceo fmg Rxnb`v' Jcfia 0T jmgmkijig kmum vixtmfy (Ac|iaceo fmg Rxnb`v! 8449. vixfnxn fmxn; =' Iaijig txcfyo ( txcfyev .; .; uijym ocjtcgig ongixkm kmum ~mgb jigentvmomg gnamn hmbn tiamgbbmg' 8' Vijtmv fmg rmovy ( tamei mgf vnji.; oityvyumg jmgmkijig vigvmgb omtmg! fnjmgm! fmg hmbmnjmgm jig~mjtmnomg kmum oitmfm tiamgbbmg' txceiuu.; jivcfi tigbctixmunmg mvmy uixmgbomnmg vngfmomg vixvigvy 5' Txcuiu ( txceiuu

~mgb yjyjg~m hixytm amgbom`*amgbom` ~mgb fntixayomg fmamj uymvy yxyvmg ~mgb viam` fnvixmtomg' 6' Txcfyovn|nvmu ( txcfyevn|nv~.; uihixmtm ilnunig tixyhm`mg ngtyv kmum jigkmfn cytyv ~mgb jigmjhm` gnamn hmbn tiamgbbmg' 9' Cxmgb ( tictai.; omx~mrmg ~mgb vixanhmv fmamj txcuiu txcfyoun' <' Txcjcun fmg ifyomun ( txcjcvncg mgf ifyemvncg ifyemvncg.; uijym movn|nvmu fmg mamv ~mgb jigbbybm` ocjygnomun ~mgb fnxmgemgb ygvyo jijhmgbyg txilixigun tiamgbbmg vix`mfmt kmum fmg tig~ifnm tig~ifnm kmum vixvigvy' 2' Hyovn lnuno ( t`nu~ema i|nfigei.; tivygkyo |nuyma mvmy hixrykyf amngg~m ~mgb jijhixn hyovn mvmu oymanvmu kmum' 0' @mxbm fmg hnm~m kmum amngg~m ( txnei mgf ecuv u.; u.; tigbiaymxmg ymgb! rmovy fmg yum`m cai` tiamgbbmg ygvyo jijhian fmg jigbocguyjun kmum'

8'8'

Kmum

Kmum mfmam` vngfmomg mvmy ongixkm ~mgb fnvmrmxomg uymvy tn`mo oitmfm tn`mo amngg~m ~mgb rmamytyg txcuiug~m jygbong vixomnv figbmg txcfyo lnuno! ongixkmg~m tmfm fmumxg~m vnfmo g~mvm fmg vnfmo jigb`munaomg oitijnanomg mvmu lmovcx*lmovcx

txcfyoun

(Ac|iaceo

fmg

Rxnb`v!

=>>>.'

Kmum

jijtyg~mn

omxmovixnuvno vixuigfnxn ~mgb jijhifmomgg~m figbmg hmxmgb (Vkntvcgc! 8444.! ~mnvy ; =' Ngvmgbnhnanv~

Kmum hixunlmv ngvmgbnhai! mxvng~m vnfmo fmtmv fnan`mv! fnxmum! fnxmhm! fnenyj! mvmy fnfigbmx uihiayj fnhian' Ocguit ngvmgbnhai ngn uigfnxn jijnanon fym tigbixvnmg ;

<

m' Uiuymvy ~mgb vnfmo fmtmv fnuigvy` fmg vnfmo fmtmv fnxmum' h' Uiuymvy ~mgb vnfmo jyfm` fnfilngnunomg! fnlcxjyamunomg! mvmy fmtmv fntm`mjn uiemxm xc`mgnm`' 8' Nguitmxmhnanv~

Kmum hnmumg~m fnkyma aihn` fm`yay! hmxy oijyfnmg fntxcfyoun fmg fnocguyjun uiemxm hixumjmmg' 5' \mxnmhnanv~

\mxnmun higvyo fmg oymanvmu kmum vixbmgvygb tmfm unmtm! omtmg! fmg fn jmgm kmum vixuihyv fn`munaomg' \mxnmhnanvmu oymanvmu kmum fnuihmhomg cai` vnbm lmovcx! ~mnvy; oixkm umjm mvmy tmxvnuntmun tiamgbbmg uiamjm tig~mjtmnmg kmum! jcxma#jcvn|mun omx~mrmg fmamj jiam~mgn tiamgbbmg fmg hihmg oixkm tixyum`mmg'

8'5'

Angboygbmg Tixyum`mmg

Angboygbmg tixyum`mmg fnhmbn mvmu fym angboygbmg! ~mnvy; (=. angboygbmg iouvixgma fmg (8. angboygbmg ngvixgma' Angboygbmg iouvixgma fnhmbn oi fmamj fym omvibcxn! ~mnvy; angboygbmg kmy` fmg angboygbmg ngfyuvxn! uijigvmxm nvy angboygbmg ngvixgma jixytmomg mutio*mutio ~mgb mfm fn fmamj tixyum`mmg' Oivnbm jmemj angboygbmg ngn tixay fnmgmanunu uiemxm eixjmv (Yjmx! 844=.' Mgmanunu angboygbmg ngvixgma fnbygmomg ygvyo jigbmjmvn oioymvmg fmg oiaijm`mg ~mgb fnjnanon cai` tixyum`mmg! uifmgbomg mgmanunu angboygbmg iouvixgma fnbygmomg ygvyo jigbmjmvn hixhmbmn |mxnmhia ~mgb jigkmfn tiaymgb fmg mgemjmg hmbn tixyum`mmg' 8'5'='

Angboygbmg Kmy`

Angboygbmg kmy` tixyum`mmg vixfnxn fmxn lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb tmfm fmumxg~m fn aymx fmg vixaitmu fmxn tixyum`mmg' Lmovcx*lmovcx yvmjm ~mgb fntix`mvnomg mfmam`; ='

Lmovcx Tcanvno (mxm`! oihnkmomg! fmg uvmhnanvmu tcanvno tijixngvm`! ygfmgb*ygfmgb angboygbmg fmg tixhyxy`mg! tixmvyxmg tixfmbmgbmg aymx gibixn! uvmhnanvmu tijixngvm`mg! tixmvyxmg oimjmgmg fmg oiuikm`vixmmg oixkm! fmg unuvij tixtmkmomg.'

2

8'

Lmovcx Iocgcjn (unoayu hnugnu! oivixuifnmmg igixbn! nglamun! uyoy hygbm! ng|iuvmun! `mxbm*`mxbm txcfyo fmg kmum! txcfyovn|nvmu fmg vigmbm oixkm.'

5'

Lmovcx Ucunma (unomt! bm~m `nfyt! mfmv*nuvnmfmv! hyfm~m! iocacbnu! fijcbxmlnu! xianbnyu! tigfnfnomg! fmg ivgnu.'

6'

Lmovcx Viogcacbn (tigijymg tixmamvmg emgbbn` ~mgb hmxy fmg emxm tiamoumgmmg jivcfi hmxy fmamj jigbixkmomg jigbixkmomg uymvy tioixkmmg.'

8'5'8'

Angboygbmg Ngfyuvxn

Mutio angboygbmg ngfyuvxn momg jigbmxm` tmfm mutio tixumngbmg fn jmgm

hnugnu

tixyum`mmg

hixmfm'

Monhmvg~m

lmovcx*lmovcx

~mgb

jijtigbmxy`n ocgfnun tixumngbmg! uitixvn mgemjmg fmg oioymvmg* oioymvmg ~mgb fnjnanon tixyum`mmg vixjmuyo ocgfnun tixumngbmg nvy uigfnxn jigkmfn tixay ygvyo fnmgmanunu (Yjmx! 844=.' Igmj mutio ~mgb jijhigvyo jcfia ygvyo uvxmvibn hixumngb mfmam`; (=. mgemjmg jmuyo tigfmvmgb hmxy? (8. tixumngbmg uiumjm tixyum`mmg fmamj ngfyuvxn? (5. mgemjmg fmxn txcfyo tigbbmgvn? (6. oioymvmg vmrmx*jigmrmx tijhian? (9. oioymvmg vmrmx*jigmrmx tijmuco? fmg (<. tigbmxy` oioymvmg uvmoi`cafix amngg~m' Tijmuco jixytmomg uyjhix tigvngb hmbn ngfyuvxn' Hmbnmg ~mgb vixjmuyo fmamj tijmuco mfmam` tijuco hm`mg hmoy! ocjtcgig! hm`mg tijhmgvy! vigmbm vixmjtna fmg uihmbmng~m (Kmjmxmg! 8445.' 8'5'5'

Angboygbmg Ngvixgma

Mutio*mutio

angboygbmg

ngvixgma

fmtmv

fnan`mv

fmxn

ijtmv

tigfiomvmg (Yjmx!844=.! ~mnvy; (=. Tigfiomvmg Lygbuncgma! vixfnxn mvmu tijmumxmg! oiymgbmg! ctixmun! UFJ! fmg Unuvij Nglcxjmun Jmgmkijig.? (8. Tigfiomvmg Xmgvmn Gnamn ( \mayi E`mngu.! jigbmgmanunu uioyjtyamg movn|nvmu gnamn uiemxm xngen fmg jijhixnomg mgmanunu jigbigmn hmbmnjmgm uymvy

tixyum`mmg

jiamoumgmomg

movn|nvmu*movn|nvmug~m!

hmbmnjmgm

movn|nvmu*movn|nvmu nvy hixngvixmoun! fmg jigbmtm movn|nvmu*movn|nvmu nvy tigvngb? (5. Tigfiomvmg Oyx|m Hiamkmx ( Aimxgngb Eyx|i.! tigyxygmg hnm~m

txcfyoun

omxigm

hixvmjhm`g~m

tigbmamjmg

oixkm

~mgb

fnbmjhmxomg fmamj higvyo bxmlno? (6. Tigfiomvmg Ocjtivnun Ngvn ( Ecxi

0

Ecjtivigei.!

uymvy oyjtyamg oivixmjtnamg fmg viogcacbn ~mgb

vixngvibxmun ~mgb jijhixnomg ocgvxnhyun ygvyo jiamoyomg ocjtivnun fmamj hixhnugnu! kybm jigeixjngomg `muna fmxn uymvy tijhiamkmxmg fmamj hixhmbmn oivixmjtnamg fmamj hixhmbmn hixhmbmn ygnv cxbmgnumun'

8'6'

Xiuvcxmg

Muma omvm xiuvcxmg mfmam` ‐ xiuvmyxix „ fmxn hm`mum Tixmgenu ~mgb jijnanon mxvn ‑vijtmv jig~ifnmomg jmomgmg‚' Xmbmj jmomgmg ~mgb aigbomt hnmumg~m jigemoyt jmomgmg tijhyom! jmomgmg yvmjm! fmg jmomgmg tigyvyt mvmy tigeyen jyayv' Knom fnhmgfngbomg figbmg jmogm muang~m jmom xiuvcxmg mfmam` vijtmv ~mgb jig~ifnmomg xmbmj jmomgmg figbmg aigbomt! jyamn fmxn jmomgmg tijhyom! jmomgmg yvmjm! fmg fmg jmomgmg tigyvyt (tigeyen (tigeyen jyayv.'

8'9'

Tn{{m

Tn{{m jixytmomg jmomgmg ~mgb hixmuma fmxn Nvmanm' Tn{{m jixytmomg xcvn ~mgb hixhigvyo hyamv fmvmx figbmg vmjhm`mg vcttngb fn mvmug~m' Vcttngb jixytmomg emjtyxmg fmxn umyu fmg hm`mg amng uitixvn fmbngb! jmomgmg amyv mvmytyg um~yxmg! fnvmjhm` figbmg oiky' Xcvn ygvyo tn{{m fnhymv figbmg emxm jigemjtyx vitygb vixnby! xmbn! mnx! bmxmj! fmg jng~mo' Uiviam` fnemjtyx fmg fnyaign! jmom mfcgmg `mxyu fnfnmjomg vixaihn` fm`yay' Tmfm ummv ngn! vixkmfnam` txcuiu tixmbnmg ui`ngbbm mfcgmg jigbijhmgb' Uifmgbomg oiky ygvyo tn{{m jixytmomg oiky o`yuyu ~mogn oiky jc{mxiaam ~mgb vixhymv fmxn uyuy oixhmy' Oiky kignu ngn jixytmomg oiky ~mgb aijhyv! ~mgb fmtmv jiaiai` figbmg eitmv' Hnmumg~m tmfm ummv tijhmomxmg oiky ngn momg jiaiai` fmamj rmovy aihn` oyxmgb anjm jignv' Firmum ngn tn{{m uyfm` jig~ihmx oi hixhmbmn gibmxm! ui`ngbbm uivnmt gibmxm jijtyg~mn bm~m mvmy enxn tn{{m vixuigfnxn ~mgb hnmumg~m fnuiuymnomg figbmg uiaixm xmum yjyj tmfm jmu~mxmomv uivijtmv'

>

8'<'

Jivcfi Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno

Hnfmgb tijmumxmg mfmam` umam` umvy hnfmgb ~mgb jijibmgb tixmgmg tigvngb fmamj uymvy tixyum`mmg' Tigbmjhnamg oityvyumg fn hnfmgb tijmumxmg `mxyu vitmv omxigm; (=. hnm~m tijmumxmg jijnanon tixuigvmui ~mgb hiumx vix`mfmt hnm~m mo`nx uymvy txcfyo mvmy kmum? (8. oityvyumg tijmumxmg jijtigbmxy`n oityvyumg fn hnfmgb amng! uitixvn oiymgbmg! txcfyoun! fmg tixucgmanm? fmg (5. oityvyumg tijmumxmg jijnoya fym vmgbbygb kmrmh! ~mnvy; (=. hixjmemj*jmemj (aihn` fmxn umvy. mavixgmvnl ~mgb jygbong fmg (8. hixjmemj*jmemj (aihn` fmxn umvy. oxnvixnm mvmy vykymg (F~ix fmg Lcxjmg! L cxjmg! =>>=.' Jiamayn yxmnmg fn mvmu jmom tixay mfmg~m uymvy unuvij tigfyoygb oityvyumg tijmumxmg' Txcuiu tigbmjhnamg oityvyumg tmfm fmumxg~m mfmam` ygvyo jijnan` uymvy mavixgmvnl fmxn uionmg hmg~mo mavixgmvnl hixfmumxomg uikyjam` oxnvixnm fmxn uymvy tixjmumam`mg' Umam` umvy jivcfi ~mgb fmtmv fnbygmomg ygvyo tigbmjhnamg oityvyumg fmamj hnfmgb tijmumxmg ~mgb hixunlmv ocjtaiou mfmam` Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno (T@M. mvmy Mgma~v~ema @nixmxe`~ Txceiuu (M@T.' T@M mfmam` umam` umvy jivcfi ~mgb fmtmv fntmomn cai` tigbmjhna oityvyumg ygvyo hnum jijm`mjn ocgfnun uymvy unuvij fmg jijhmgvy fn fmamj jiamoyomg txifnoun fmg tigbmjhnamg oityvyumg' Jivcfi Txcuiu @nxmxon (T@M. tixvmjm oman fnoijhmgbomg cai` V`cjmu A' Ummv~! màn Jmvijmvnom fmxn Ygn|ixunv~ cl Tnvvuhyxb! Mjixnom Uixnomv! tmfm mrma vm`yg =>24*mg' T@M jijtixhmnon txcuiu mamjn jmgyunm fmamj hixvngbom` amoy fmg hixtnonx figbmg jijtixeitmv txcuiu hixtnonx fmg jiaymuomg oiumfmxmg mbmx jigemoyt aihn` hmg~mo lmovcx fmxn tmfm ~mgb hnmum fntixvnjhmgbomg' Ygvyo jigbnfigvnlnomun tixucmamg ~mgb oxnvnu! jigfilngnunomg fmg jigijyomg uixvm jig~iaiumnomg ocglano fmamj T@M fntixayomg nglcxjmun fmg hihixmtm tixvnjhmgbmg fmxn hihixmtm tiuixvm fmamj txcuiu vixuihyv' Jiamayn uixigvivmg oixkm unuvijmvnu T@M jigungviunu tignamnmg*tignamnmg jixiom jigkmfn uymvy vmounxmg jig~iayxy` fmxn txncxnvmu*txncxnvmu xiamvnl hixhmbmn mavixgmvnl vngfmomg' Oijyfnmg txncxnvmu*txncxnvmu ~mgb fn`munaomg vixuihyv momg jigkmfn umvymg fmumx ~mgb momg fnbygmomg fmamj uijym kignu mgmanunu' Jivcfi T@M jixytmomg uymvy jivcfi ~mgb ayriu ~mgb jijhixnomg oiuijtmvmg hmbn tixcxmgbmg mvmy oiacjtco ygvyo jijhmgbyg bmbmumg*bmbmumg

=4

fmg jigfilngnunomg tixucmamg figbmg emxm jijhymv muyjun jixiom jmungb* jmungb fmg jijtixcai` tijiem`mg ~mgb fnngbngomg fmxng~m (Ummv~! =>>5.' T@M jijmuyoomg tixvnjhmgbmg fmg gnamn*gnamn txnhmfn uiemxm acbnu ~mgb hixbmgvygb tmfm njmkngmun! tigbmamjmg fmg tigbivm`ymg ygvyo jig~yuyg `nxmxon uymvy jmumam` kybm tmfm ngvynun uixvm tigbmamjmg uiemxm acbnom' Uiemxm xngen! tigbomknmg jmumam` figbmg jivcfi T@M fmtmv fnjyamn fmxn tigfilngnunmg unvymun ~mgb mfm uiemxm uioumjm fmg jigbyjtyaomg fmvm ~mgb xiai|mg figbmg tixjmumam`mg! oijyfnmg jig~yuygg~m oi fmamj uymvy `nxmxon' Vngbomv vixvngbbn fmamj `nxmxon mfmam` umumxmg jig~iayxy`! uifmgbomg vngbomv vixigfm` vixfnxn fmxn hixhmbmn vngfmomg mo`nx mvmy xigemgm mavixgmvnl ~mgb fmtmv hixocgvxnhyun uiemxm gibmvnl mvmy tcunvnl' Jivcfi T@M ngn jijmuyoomg mutio oymanvmvnl fmg oymgvnvmvnl tnonxmg jmgyunm' Mutio oymanvmvnl jigfilngnunomg tixucmamg fmg `nxmxong~m! fmg mutio oymgvnvmvnl jigbioutxiunomg tignamnmg fmg txilixigun uiemxm aybmu fmg tmfmv' Jivcfi T@M ngn fmtmv fnbygmomg vmgtm fmvmhmui! mumaomg tmxm mgmanu jijm`mjn fmg jigbymumn uiemxm jigfmamj tixjmmumam`mg ~mgb momg fntiemòmg' Fmvm tigixmtmg jivcfi T@M ~mgb fnyvmjmomg mfmam` oymanvmu fmxn xiutcgfig! vnfmo vixbmgvygb tmfm oymgvnvmu vixvigvy' Uiamgkyvg~m fntixayomg jivcfi tigigvymg hchcv hmbn iaijig fn umvy ai|ia ~mgb gmgvng~m momg jijtigbmxy`n hchcv tmfm ai|ia fnhmrm`g~m ui`ngbbm mo`nxg~m hnum fnbygmomg ygvyo jigb`nvygb hchcv tmfm ai|ia vixuihyv ygvyo tignamnmg vykymg oiuiayxy`mg' Mfm vnbm txngunt fmumx Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno (Ummv~! =>>5.! ~mnvy; ='

Txngunt jig~yuyg `nxmxon' Fmamj jig~yuyg `nxmxon! tixyum`mmg hixyum`m ygvyo jigbbmjhmxomg fmg jigbyxmnomg tixjmumam`mg mvmy ximanvm uiemxm `nxmxon' Tixucmamg ~mgb ocjtaiou fntiemòmg jigkmfn yguyx*yguyx ~mgb vixtnum`'

8'

Txngunt jigivmtomg txncxnvmu' Tigivmtmg txncxnvmu ~mgb fnjmouyf mfmam` jigigvyomg tixngbomv iaijig*iaijig jigyxyv xiamvnl tigvngbg~m'

5'

Txngunt ocgunuvigun acbnu' Ocgunuvigun acbnu mfmam` jigkmjng hm`rm uijym iaijig fnoiacjtcoomg uiemxm acbnu fmg fntixngbomvomg uiemxm ocgunuvig uiuymn figbmg oxnvixnm ~mgb acbnu'

==

NNN' JIVCFCACBN TIGIANVNMG

5'='

Oixmgbom Tijnonxmg Ocguitvyma

Tiamoumgmmg tigianvnmg ngn fnmrman figbmg jigbivm`yn |nun fmg jnun Tn{{m @yv uihmbmn xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm' Oijyfnmg tigianvnmg fnamgkyvomg figbmg jigbnfigvnlnomun oibnmvmg tijmumxmg ~mgb uifmgb fnkmamgomg cai` Tn{{m @yv' Mgmanunu angboygbmg iouvixgma fmg angboygbmg ngvixgma kybm fnamoyomg ygvyo jigbivm`yn jmumam`*jmumam` ~mgb mfm! jigfilngnunomg jmumam`! fmg jixngen tijiem`mg jmumam` ~mgb fnngbngomg' Oijyfnmg fnamoyomg tig~yuygmg `nxmxon! fnamgkyvomg figbmg tigivmtmg txncxnvmu! uiamgkyvg~m fnvigvyomg ocgunuvigun acbnug~m' Uiviam` nvy Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno fnamoyomg ygvyo jigbmgmanunu hmyxmg tijmumxmg Tn{{m @yv! ui`ngbbm oijyfnmg hnum fntixcai` hmyxmg tijmumxmg ~mgb tmangb iliovnl ygvyo fnxiocjigfmunomg hmbn tigbijhmgbmg Tn{{m @yv' Ygvyo aihn` kiamug~m! mayx tigianvnmg fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx =' Mayx tijnonxmg acbnu jigbigmn tiamoumgmmg tigianvnmg ngn uiemxm oiuiayxy`mg jyamn fmxn ocgfnun tixyum`mmg ~mgb jiamvmxhiamomgbn tigianvnmg uixvm lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`ng~m! vm`mt tigbngtyvmg fmvm! vm`mt tigbcam`mg fmvm! cyvtyv ~mgb fn`munaomg! umjtmn oitmfm ocgfnun ocgfnun ~mgb fn`mxmtomg fn`mxmtomg hmbn tixyum`mmg tixyum`mmg fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx 8'

=8

TN[[M @YV

\nun fmg Jnun

Oibnmvmg Tijmumxmg

Mgmanunu angboygbmg Ngvixgma ; • Uyjhix fm~m fmg omx~mrmg • Oiymgbmg Tixyum`mmg • Uibjigvmun Tmumx • Fiamtmg ocjtcgig jmgmkijig kmum (txcfyo! vijtmv fmg rmovy! txcuiu! txcfyovn|nvmu fmg oymanvmu! cxmgb! txcjcun fmg ifyomun! hyovn lnuno! `mxbm fmg hnm~m kmum amngg~m.'

Mgmanunu angboygbmg Iouvixgma ; • Angboygbmg Ngfyuvxn jiantyvn ; `mjhmvmg jmuyo? tijmuco? tijhian? hmxmgb uyhuvnvyun' • Angboygbmg Kmy` jiantyvn ;

mutio iocgcjn? mutio tcanvno? mutio viogcacbn? mutio fijcbxmln fmg ucunma'

Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno

Tig~yuygmg @nxmxon

Tigivmtmg Txncxnvmu

Oxnvixnm Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg

Xiocjigfmun Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg Bmjhmx = ' Oixmgbom tijnonxmg tigianvnmg

Ocgunuvigun Acbnu

Cyvtyv ~mgb fnoiìgfmon; Tigngbomvmg tixuigvmui tigkymamg' tigkymamg' • Ac~manvmu ocguyjig ~mgb vngbbn' Rcxf cl jcyv` ~mgb • jigbygvygbomg' •

Angboygbmg! Oihnkmomg tijixngvm`'

Rmrmgemxm # oynuncgix

Ocgfnun tixyum`mmg ummv ngn; Tixumngbmg ngfyuvxn tmgbmg ~mgb uijmong jigngbomv fmamj jijtixcai` tmgbum tmumx'

Lmovcx hixtigbmxy` ~mgb vnfmo fmtmv fnoigfmanomg; Higemgm mamj Tixumngbmg yum`m Uvmhnanvmu iocgcjn fmg tcanvno Unomt ocguyjig

@muna tignamnmg tmxm tmomx vigvmgb hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg'

NGTYV

• •

M@T

CYVTYV

Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu hmyxmg tijmumxmg ~mgb hnum fnbygmomg cai` tixyum`m* mg'

Tmxmjivix ocgvxca; Oihnkmomg jmgmkijig tixyum`mmg' Tixmvyxmg tijixngvm`'

  



Mfmg~m; tixoij* hmgbmg tixyum`m* mg? tigngb* omvmg tixuigvmui tigkymamg? tigngb* omvmg tmgbum tmumx'

Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu hmyxmg tijmumxmg ~mgb tmangb ctvnjma'

Cyvtyv ~mgb vnfmo fnoiìgfmon; • Vixkmfng~m oixybnmg tmfm tixyum`mmg' tixyum`mmg' Omam` fmamj hixumngb' •

Liifhmeo Bmjhmx 8' Mayx tnonx tigianvnmg

=6

5'8'

Kignu fmg Uyjhix Fmvm

Jigyxyv kignug~m! fmvm ~mgb fnbygmomg fmamj tigianvnmg ngn mfmam` fmvm uyh~io (Uial*Xitcxv Fmvm. fmg fmvm fcoyjigvix ( Fceyjigvmx~ Fmvm.' Fmvm uyh~io jixytmomg kignu fmvm tigianvnmg ~mgb hixytm ctngn! unomt! tigbmamjmg mvmy omxmovixnuvno fmxn uiuicxmgb mvmy uioiacjtco cxmgb ~mgb jigkmfn uyh~io tigianvnmg (xiutcgfig.' Fmvm uyh~io fmtmv fnoamunlnomunomg hixfmumxomg higvyo vmgbbmtmg mvmy xiutcg ~mgb fnhixnomg! ~mnvy anumg (|ixhma.! vixvyanu! fmg ioutxiun' Xiutcg |ixhma fnhixnomg uihmbmn vmgbbmtmg mvmu tixvmg~mmg fmamj rmrmgemxm' Xiutcg vixvyanu fnhixnomg uihmbmn vmgbbmtmg mvmu oyiuncgix! uifmgbomg xiutcg ioutxiun fntixcai` fmxn txcuiu chuix|mun' Fmvm fcoyjigvix mfmam` kignu fmvm tigianvnmg ~mgb hixytm lmovyx! kyxgma! uyxmv*uyxmv! gcvyaig `muna xmtmv! jijc mvmy fmamj higvyo amtcxmg txcbxmj' Fmvm fcoyjigvix jijymv mtm fmg omtmg uymvy

=6

5'8'

Kignu fmg Uyjhix Fmvm

Jigyxyv kignug~m! fmvm ~mgb fnbygmomg fmamj tigianvnmg ngn mfmam` fmvm uyh~io (Uial*Xitcxv Fmvm. fmg fmvm fcoyjigvix ( Fceyjigvmx~ Fmvm.' Fmvm uyh~io jixytmomg kignu fmvm tigianvnmg ~mgb hixytm ctngn! unomt! tigbmamjmg mvmy omxmovixnuvno fmxn uiuicxmgb mvmy uioiacjtco cxmgb ~mgb jigkmfn uyh~io tigianvnmg (xiutcgfig.' Fmvm uyh~io fmtmv fnoamunlnomunomg hixfmumxomg higvyo vmgbbmtmg mvmy xiutcg ~mgb fnhixnomg! ~mnvy anumg (|ixhma.! vixvyanu! fmg ioutxiun' Xiutcg |ixhma fnhixnomg uihmbmn vmgbbmtmg mvmu tixvmg~mmg fmamj rmrmgemxm' Xiutcg vixvyanu fnhixnomg uihmbmn vmgbbmtmg mvmu oyiuncgix! uifmgbomg xiutcg ioutxiun fntixcai` fmxn txcuiu chuix|mun' Fmvm fcoyjigvix mfmam` kignu fmvm tigianvnmg ~mgb hixytm lmovyx! kyxgma! uyxmv*uyxmv! gcvyaig `muna xmtmv! jijc mvmy fmamj higvyo amtcxmg txcbxmj' Fmvm fcoyjigvix jijymv mtm fmg omtmg uymvy oikmfnmg! uixvm unmtm ~mgb vixanhmv fmamj oikmfnmg nvy' Jigyxyv uyjhixg~m! fmvm ~mgb fnbygmomg fmamj tigianvnmg ngn mfmam` fmvm txnjix fmg fmvm uioygfix' Fmvm txnjix fntixcai` jiamayn tigbmjmvmg amgbuygb fn amtmgbmg! rmrmgemxm amgbuygb figbmg xiutcgfig! fmg tigbnunmg oynuncgix cai` xiutcgfig' Fmvm uioygfix mfmam` fmvm yjyj ~mgb jigfyoygb tigianvnmg ~mgb hixmuma fmxn ngvixgma jmytyg iouvixgma tixyum`mmg' Tigbyjtyamg fnamoyomg figbmg jigemxn nglcxjmun amtcxmg tixyum`mmg! mxunt*mxunt tixyum`mmg! uixvm uyjhix*uyjhix amngg~m ~mgb xiai|mg' Ygvyo tigianvnmg ngn kybm fntixayomg fmvm*fmvm hixnoyv ngn ; m.

Fmvm ngvixgma tixyum`mmg hixytm |nun! jnun! ecjtmg~ txclnai! uvxmvibn tijmumxmg! fmg ctixmuncgma tixyum`mmg' tixyum`mmg'

h.

Fmvm iouvixgma tixyum`mmg hixytm ocgfnun tixumngbmg ~mgb fn`mfmtn cai` tixyum`mmg'

5'5'

Jivcfi Tigbyjtyamg Fmvm

Fmvm ~mgb fnhyvyòmg fmamj tigianvnmg ngn fnoyjtyaomg jiamayn vm`mt*vm`mt hixnoyv ; =' Rmrmgemxm

jigfmamj

( ngfitv`

ngvix|nir.

~mgb

fnamoyomg

vix`mfmt

xiutcgfig! ~mogn tn`mo jmgmkijig xiuvcxmg fmg u`nlv aimfix figbmg jigmg~momg `ma*`ma ~mgb vixomnv figbmg vykymg tigianvnmg' Tijnan`mg

=9

xiutcgfig fnamoyomg uiemxm uigbmkm ( tyxtcun|i. figbmg jijtixvnjhmgbomg lmovcx tijm`mjmg jigbigmn uvxmvibn tijmumxmg fmg hiumxg~m tixmgmg tmxm xiutcgfig ~mgb fntnan` fmamj tiamoumgmmg oibnmvmg fmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg vixuihyv' 8' Tijhixnmg oynuncgix oitmfm xiutcgfig vixtnan` ygvyo jijtixcai` fmvm ~mgb momg fnbygmomg ygvyo jigbnun jmvxnou tixhmgfngbmg hixtmumgbmg ygvyo oitixaymg tigbcam`mg T@M' Fiamtmg cxmgb xiutcgfig vixtnan` tmfm tigianvnmg ngn mfmam` XJ (Xiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix. Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! fym cxmgb MXJ (Muunuvmgv Xiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix. Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! vnbm cxmgb UA (U`nlv Aimfix. Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! Jmgvmg MXJ Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! fmg XJ

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P (tijhmgfngb.' 5' Uvyfn anvixmvyx figbmg jijmglmmvomg hixhmbmn amtcxmg fmg hyoy*hyoy tigygkmgb ~mgb xiai|mg' 6' Chuix|mun vix`mfmt uiayxy` oibnmvmg tijmumxmg'

5'6'

Jivcfi Tigbcam`mg fmg Mgmanunu Fmvm

Tmfm tigianvnmg ngn! fmvm ~mgb viam` vixoyjtya fmamj vm`mt tigbyjtyamg fmvm fncam` figbmg jigbbygmomg viogno Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno (T@M.' Tigbcam`mg fmvm figbmg viogno T@M fnhmgvy figbmg jigbbygmomg txcbxmj ocjtyvix Iptixv E`cnei 8444 Vxnma \ixuncg fmg tix`nvygbmg figbmg txcbxmj Jnexcuclv Ipeia'

Oixmgbom

oixkm

T@M

vixfnxn

fmxn

fiamtmg

amgbom`

yvmjm

(Ummv~!

=>>5.!figbmg tigkiamumg fmxn uivnmt amgbom` mfmam` uihmbmn hixnoyv ; =' Jigfilngnunomg tixucmamg fmg jixngen tijiem`mg tixucmamg ~mgb fnngbngomg' @ma ~mgb tixay fntix`mvnomg fmamj amgbom` ngn mfmam` tigbymummg jmumam` uiemxm jigfmamj! omxigm ~mgb jigkmfn tix`mvnmg mfmam` tijnan`mg vykymg! oxnvixnm! fmg iaijig*iaijig ~mgb jig~yuyg uvxyovyx `nxmxon' Ocjtcgig* ocjtcgig unuvij fmtmv fnnfigvnlnomunomg hixfmumxomg oijmjtymg tmfm mgmanum ygvyo jigigvyomg yguyx*yguyx ~mgb fmtmv fnanhmvomg fmamj uymvy unuvij' 8' Jijhymv uvxyovyx `nxmxon fmxn uyfyv tmgfmgb jmgmkijig uiemxm jig~iayxy`' @nxmxon jixytmomg mhuvxmoun uvxyovyx uymvy unuvij ~mgb jijtiamkmxn lygbun ngvixmoun mgvmx ocjtcgig fmg fmjtmog~m vix`mfmt unuvij' Mhuvxmoun ngn

=<

jijtyg~mn higvyo ~mgb umangb hixomnvmg! vixuyuyg fmxn umumxmg yvmjm! uyh* uyh vykymg! lmovcx*lmovcx tigfcxcgb ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n uyh*uyh unuvij vykymg vixuihyv! tiamoy*tiamoy ~mgb jijhixn fcxcgbmg! vykymg*vykymg tiamoy fmg mo`nxg~m oi mavixgmvnl uvxmvibnu! tnan`mg mvmy uoigmxnc' Vnfmo mfm mvyxmg o`yuyu fmamj jig~yuyg jcfia fmxn uymvy unuvij! kybm vnfmo vixfmtmv hmvmumg vixvigvy jigbigmn kyjam` vngbomvmg uvxyovyx oityvyumg ~mgb vixuvmxnlnomun! fmg iaijig tmfm uivnmt vngbomv oityvyumg' oityvyumg' Mhuvxmoun fmxn uihym` uvxyovyx `nxmxon fmtmv fnan`mv uihmbmn hixnoyv ;

Vngbomv =

B

Lcoyu Vngbomv 8 Lmovcx

L=

L8

L5

Lg

Vngbomv 5 Tiamoy

M=

M8

M5

Mg

Vngbomv 6 Vykymg

C=

C8

C5

Cg

Vngbomv 9 Uoigmxnc

U=

U8

U5

Ug

Bmjhmx 5' Jcfia uvxyovyx `nxmxon

Tig~yuygmg `nxmxon ngn hixfmumxomg kignu oityvyumg ~mgb momg fnmjhna' Tmfm vngbomv tygemo! `nxmxon `mg~m vixfnxn fmxn umvy iaijig ~mgb fnuihyv figbmg lcoyu! ~mnvy umumxmg oiuiayxy`mg ~mgb hixunlmv aymu' Vngbomv hixnoyv fn hmrm`g~m fmtmv vixfnxn fmxn hihixmtm iaijig ~mgb fnhmbn fmamj oiacjtco `cjcbig! mbmx fmtmv fnhmgfngbomg figbmg iaijig*iaijig ~mgb hixmfm tmfm vngbomv uihiayjg~m' 5' Jig~yuyg jmvxnou hmgfngb hixtmumgbmg' Jmvxnou hmgfngb hixtmumgbmg fnjyamn fmxn tygemo `nxmxon! ~mgb jixytmomg fmumx ygvyo jiamoyomg tijhmgfngbmg hixtmumgbmg mgvmx iaijig ~mgb vixomnv

=2

~mgb mfm fn hmrm`g~m' Tijhmgfngbmg hixtmumgbmg tixvmjm fnamoyomg tmfm iaijig vngbomv oifym vix`mfmt lcoyu ~mgb mfm fn tygemo `nxmxon' Jigyxyv tixkmgknmg! uymvy iaijig ~mgb mfm fn uihiam` onxn fntixnoum tixn`ma fcjngmun mvmu ~mgb mfm fn uihiam` omgmg uymvy iaijig fn tygemo jmvxnou' 6' Jigbyjtyaomg uijym tixvnjhmgbmg ~mgb fntixayomg fmxn `muna jiamoyomg tijhmgfngbmg hixtmumgbmg mgvmx iaijig tmfm amgbom` 5' Uiviam` jmvxnou tijhmgfngbmg hixtmumgbmg mgvmx iaijig fnhymv! fnamoyomg tijhmgfngbmg hixtmumgbmg mgvmx uivnmt iaijig tmfm ocacj oi*n figbmg uivnmt iaijig tmfm hmxnu oi*k' Tijhmgfngbmg hixtmumgbmg hixtmumgbmg mgvmx iaijig vixuihyv fnamoyomg figbmg tixvmg~mmg; ‑uihixmtm oymv iaijig hmxnu oi*n fnfcjngmun mvmy fntigbmxy`n! fntigy`n! fnygvygbomg cai` lcoyu fn tygemo `nxmxon! fnhmgfngbomg figbmg ocacj oi*k3‚' Mtmhnam iaijig*iaijig ~mgb fntixhmgfngbomg jixytmomg uymvy tiaymgb mvmy rmovy! jmom tixvmg~mmgg~m mfmam`; ‑uihixmtm aihn` jygbong uymvy iaijig hmxnu oi*n fnhmgfngbomg figbmg iaijig ocacj oi*k ui`yhygbmg figbmg iaijig fn tygemo `nxmxon3‚' Ygvyo jigbnun jmvxnou hmgfngb hixtmumgbmg fnbygmomg uomam hmgfngb ~mgb vixvixm tmfm Vmhia =' Mgbom* mgbom ~mgb vixvixm jigbbmjhmxomg xiamvnl tigvngbg~m uymvy iaijig fnhmgfngbomg figbmg iaijig amngg~m ui`yhygbmg figbmg unlmv mvmy oxnvixnm vixvigvy' Tigbnunmg jmvxnou `mg~m fnamoyomg ygvyo hmbnmg fn mvmu bmxnu fnmbcgma fmxn onxn oi omgmg hmrm`' 9' Jijmuyoomg gnamn*gnamn oihmanomgg~m hiuixvm hnamgbmg = uitmgkmgb fnmbcgma yvmjm' Mgbom = umjtmn > fnbygmomg hnam L n aihn` jigfcjngmun mvmy jijtigbmxy`n unlmv lcoyu tygemo `nxmxon (P. fnhmgfngbomg figbmg L k' Uifmgbomg hnam L n oyxmgb jigfcjngmun mvmy oyxmgb jijtigbmxy`n unlmv P fnhmgfngbomg figbmg L k! jmom fnbygmomg mgbom oihmanomgg~m' Jmvxnou fn hmrm` bmxnu fnmbcgma yvmjm fnnun figbmg gnamn*gnamn oihmanomgg~m' Ecgvc`; hnam iaijig L =8 jijnanon gnamn 2! jmom gnamn iaijig L 8= mfmam` =#2'

=0

Vmhia =' Gnamn Uomam Hmgfngb Hixtmumgbmg Filngnun

Ngvigunvmu Tigvngbg~m

Tigkiamumg

=

Oifym iaijig umjm Fym iaijig jig~yjhmgb umjm hiumx tmfm tigvngbg~m' unlmv nvy' 5 Iaijig ~mgb umvy uifnonv Tigbmamjmg fmg tixvnjhmgbmg uifnonv aihn` tigvngb fmxntmfm jig~cocgb umvy iaijig mvmu ~mgb amngg~m' iaijig ~mgb amngg~m' 9 Iaijig ~mgb umvy umgbmv Tigbmamjmg fmg tixvnjhmgbmg figbmg oymv tigvngb fmxntmfm iaijig jig~cocgb umvy iaijig mvmu iaijig ~mgb ~mgb amngg~m' amngg~m' 2 Umvy iaijig kiamu aihn` Umvy iaijig figbmg oymv fnucocgb fmg tigvngb fmxntmfm iaijig fcjngmgg~m viam` vixan`mv fmamj txmovio' ~mgb amngg~m' > Umvy iaijig jyvamo aihn` Hyovn ~mgb jig~cocgb iaijig ~mgb umvy mvmu tigvngb fmxntmfm iaijig ~mgb amngg~m jijnanon vngbomv tigibmumg ~mgb ~mgb amngg~m' vixvngbbn ~mgb jygbong jigbymvomg' 8! 6!
Uyjhix ; Ummv~! =>>5' <' Jiamoumgmomg amgbom` 5! 6! fmg 9 ygvyo uijym vngbomvmg fmg bybyumg fmamj `nxmxon vixuihyv' Tijhmgfngbmg fnamgkyvomg ygvyo uijym iaijig tmfm uivnmt vngbomv oityvyumg ~mgb vixfmtmv tmfm `nxmxon! hixoigmmg figbmg oxnvixnm iaijig fn mvmug~m' Jmvxnou tijhmgfngbmg fmamj jivcfi T@M fnhifmomg jigkmfn; (=. Jmvxnou Tigfmtmv Ngfn|nfy (JTN.! fmg (8. Jmvxnou Tigfmtmv Bmhygbmg

(JTB.'

Jmvxnou

Tigfmtmv

Ngfn|nfy

mfmam`

jmvxnou

`muna

tijhmgfngbmg ~mgb fnamoyomg ngfn|nfy' Jmvxnou Tigfmtmv Ngfn|nfy jijnanon iaijig ~mgb fnunjhcaomg figbmg mnk! ~mnvy iaijig jmvxnou tmfm hmxnu oi*n fmg ocacj oi*k' Jmvxnou Tigfmtmv Ngfn|nfy fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx 6'

P

M=

M8

M5

'''

Mg

M=

m==

m=8

m=5

'''

m=g

M8

m8=

m88

m85

'''

m8g

M5

m5=

m58

m55

'''

m5g

'''

'''

''' ' ''

'''

'''

'''

Mg

mg=

mg8

mg5

'''

mgg

Bmjhmx 6' Jmvxnou tigfmtmv ngfn|nfy

=>

Jmvxnou Tigfmtmv Bmhygbmg mfmam` uyuygmg jmvxnou hmxy ~mgb iaijig (b nk. hixmuma fmxn xmvm*xmvm bicjivxno tigfmtmv*tigfmtmv ngfn|nfy ~mgb xmunc ngocgunuvigung~m aihn` oiena mvmy umjm figbmg =4)! fmg uivnmt iaijig tmfm hmxnu fmg ocacj ~mgb umjm fmxn JTN ~mgb umvy figbmg JTN ~mgb amng vnfmo vixkmfn ocglano' Jmvxnou Tigfmtmv Bmhygbmg fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx 9'

P

B=

B8

B5

'''

Bg

B=

b==

b=8

b=5

'''

B=g

B8

b8=

b88

b85

'''

B8g

B5

b5=

b58

b55

'''

B5g

'''

'''

'''

'''

'''

'''

Bg

bg=

bg8

bg5

'''

bgg

Bmjhmx 9' Jmvxnou tigfmtmv bmhygbmg

Xyjyu jmvijmvnom ~mgb fnbygmomg ygvyo jijtixcai` xmvm*xmvm bicjivxno j

bnk : j ∃(mnk .o

mfmam` ;

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(=.

o :=

fnjmgm;

bnk

: iaijig JTB hmxnu oi*n ocacj oi*k

m nk

: iaijig hmxnu oi*n ocacj oi*k fmxn JTN oi*o

j

: kyjam` JTN ~mgb jijigy`n tixu~mxmvmg

j

∃

: tixomanmg fmxn iaijig o : = umjtmn o : j

o := j

: momx tmgbomv j

Tixu~mxmvmg JTB ~mgb hihmu fmxn ocglano mfmam`; =.

Tigfmtmv jmungb*jmungb ngfn|nfy tmfm hmxnu fmg ocacj ~mgb umjm jijnanon uianun` oyxmgb fmxn ijtmv umvymg mgvmxm gnamn tigfmtmv ngfn|nfy ~mgb vixvngbbn figbmg gnamn ~mgb vixigfm`'

8.

Vnfmo vixfmtmv mgbom oihmanomg (xiuntxcoma. tmfm hmxnu fmg ocacj ~mgb umjm'

84

2' Jigungviunu txncxnvmu ygvyo jiamoyomg tijhchcvmg |iovcx*|iovcx txncxnvmu' Jigbbygmomg ocjtcunun uiemxm `nxmxon ygvyo jijhchcvomg |iovcx*|iovcx txncxnvmu nvy figbmg hchcv oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm fmg jigkyjamòmg uijym gnamn txncxnvmu vixhchcv ~mgb ~ mgb hixumgboyvmg figbmg gnamn txncxnvmu fmxn vngbomv hmrm` hixnoyvg~m fmg uivixyug~m' Tigbcam`mg jmvxnou tigfmtmv vixfnxn fmxn fym vm`mt! ~mnvy (=. tigbcam`mg `cxn{cgvma! fmg (8. tigbcam`mg |ixvnoma' Oifym kignu tigbcam`mg vixuihyv fmtmv fnamoyomg ygvyo JTN fmg JTB' Tigbcam`mg |ixvnoma fnamoyomg uiviam` JTN fmg JTB fncam` uiemxm `cxn{cgvma! fnjmgm JTN fmg JTB `mxyu jijigy`n tixu~mxmvmg Xmunc Ngocgunuvigun' m. Tigbcam`mg @cxn{cgvma! vixfnxn fmxn vnbm hmbnmg! ~mnvy tigigvymg \iovcx Txncxnvmu (\iovcx Inbig.! ykn ocgunuvigun! fmg xi|nun JTN fmg JTB ~mgb jijnanon Xmunc Ngocgunuvigun vngbbn' Vm`mtmg tix`nvygbmg ~mgb fnamoyomg tmfm tigbcam`mg `cxn{cgvma mfmam` ; • Tixomanmg hmxnu [ figbmg xyjyu ; g

[n :

g

∃ m nk

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(8. ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(8.

(n!k : =! 8! 5! '''g.

o :=

• Tix`nvygbmg \iovcx Txncxnvmu (\iovcx Inbig. mfmam` ; g g

\T n :

∃ m nk o :=

g

g

n:=

o :=

''''''(5.

\T : (\Tn.! ygvyo n : =! 8! 5! ''' g

∝ g ∃ m nk • Tix`nvygbmg Gnamn Inbig Jmou ( ο jmou jmou. figbmg xyjyu ;

\M : (mnk. p \T '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(6. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(6.

figbmg \M : (|m n.

\H :

\M ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(9. ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(9. \T

figbmg \H : (|h n.

ο jmou

= g : ∝ |hn ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(<. ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(<. g n:o

ygvyo n : =! 8! 5! ''' g

• Tix`nvygbmg Ngfiou Ngocgunuvigun (EN. figbmg xyjyu ;

EN :

ο jmou ∘ g

g ∘=

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(2.

8=

• Tix`nvygbmg Xmunc Ngocgunuvigun (EX. mfmam` ;

EX : XN :

EN ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(0. XN

Ngfiou Memo (Xmgfcj Ngfiou. ~mgb fnoiaymxomg cai` Cmo

Amhcxmvcx~ (Ummv~! =>>5. fmxn jmvxnou hixcxfi = umjtmn figbmg =9 ~mgb jigbbygmomg umjtia ~mgb hixyoyxmg =44

(Vmhia 8'.

Gnamn Xmunc Ngocgunuvigun (EX. ~mgb aihn` oiena mvmy umjm figbmg 4!= jixytmomg gnamn ~mgb jijtyg~mn vngbomv ocgunuvigun ~mgb hmno fmg fmtmv fntixvmgbbygbkmrmhomg' @ma ngn fnomxigmomg EX jixytmomg vcamo yoyx hmbn ocgunuvig mvmy vnfmog~m uymvy `muna tixhmgfngbmg hixtmumgbmg fmamj uymvy jmvxnou tigfmtmv'

Vmhia 8' Gnamn Ngfiou Memo (XN. Jmvxnou Hixcxfi 8 u'f' =4 Cxfi (g. 8 5 6 9 < 2 0 > =4

Ngfiou Memo (XN. 4'44 4'90 4'>4 ='=8 ='86 ='58 ='6= =!69 =!6>

Uyjhix ; Ummv~! =>>5

h. Tigbcam`mg \ixvnoma! ~mnvy jig~yuyg txncxnvmu tigbmxy` uivnmt iaijig tmfm vngbomv `nixmxon oityvyumg vixvigvy vixvigvy vix`mfmt umumxmg yvmjm mvmy lcoyu' Mtmhnam E\nk fnfilngnunomg uihmbmn gnamn txncxnvmu tigbmxy` iaijig oi*k tmfm vngbomv oi*n vix`mfmt umumxmg yvmjm! yvmjm! jmom ; E\nk : Υ E@nk (v? n*=. p \R v (n*=.'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''(>. Ygvyo

n : =! 8! 5! ''' g k : =! 8! 5! ''' g v : =! 8! 5! ''' g

88

Fnjmgm ; E@nk (v? n*=. : gnamn txncxnvmu iaijig oi*n vix`mfmt iaijig oi*v tmfm vngbomv fn mvmug~m (n*=.! ~mgb fntixcai` fmxn `muna tigbcam`mg `cxn{cgvma' \Rv (n*=. : gnamn txncxnvmu tigbmxy` iaijig iaijig oi*v tmfm vngbomv oi (n*v. vix`mfmt umumxmg yvmjm! ~mgb fntixcai` fmxn `muna tix`nvygbmg `cxn{cgvma' 0' Jigbi|maymun ngocgunuvigun ygvyo uiayxy` `nxmxon' Tmfm tigbnunmg kyfbijigv tmfm vm`mt Jmvxnou Tixhmgfngbmg Hixtmumgbmg (JTH.

vixfmtmv

oijygbongmg

vixkmfng~m

tig~njtmgbmg

fmamj

jijhmgfngbomg iaijig umvy figbmg iaijig ~mgb amngg~m! ui`ngbbm fntixayomg uymvy ykn ocgunuvigun' Fmamj T@M tig~njtmgbmg fntixhcaiòmg figbmg vcaixmgun Xmunc Ngocgunuvigun fn hmrm` =4 )' Amgbom` ngn fnamoyomg figbmg jigbmanòmg uivnmt ngfiou ocgunuvigun figbmg txncxnvmu*txncxnvmu oxnvixnm ~mgb hixumgboyvmg fmg jigkyjamòmg `muna omang~m' @muna ngn fnhmbn figbmg tixg~mvmmg uikignu ~mgb jigbbygmomg ngfiou ocgunuvigun memo! ~mgb uiuymn figbmg fnjigun jmungb*jmungb jmvxnou' Ygvyo jijtixcai` `muna ~mgb hmno! xmunc ngocgunuvigun `mxyu hixgnamn oyxmgb fmxn mvmy umjm figbm =4 tixuig' Xmunc Ngocgunuvigun fntixcai` uiviam` jmvxnou fncam` uiemxm `cxn{cgvma figbmg jigbbygmomg txcbxmj ocjtyvix Iptixv E`cnei 8444 Vxnma \ixunc' Knom Xmunc Ngocgunuvigun jijtyg~mn gnamn ~mgb aihn` hiumx fmxn =4 tixuig! jmom jyvy nglcxjmun `mxyu fnvngkmy oijhman fmg fntixhmnon! mgvmxm amng figbmg jijtixhmnon emxm jigbbygmomg tixvmg~mmg oivnom jiamoyomg tigbnunmg yamgb oynuncgix fmg figbmg aihn` jigbmxmòmg xiutcgfig ~mgb jigbnun oynuncgix' Fnmbxmj manx Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno (T@M. fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx <'

85

JYAMN

Nfigvnlnomun Lmovcx* lmovcx Ngvixgma

Nfigvnlnomun Lmovcx*lmovcx Iouvixgma

Tig~yuygmg @nxmxon

Tig~yuygmg Jmvxnou Tijhmgfngb

Jmvxnou Tigfmtmv Ngfn|nfy (JTN.

Jmvxnou Tigfmtmv Bmhygbmg (JTB.

Tignamnmg JTN fmg JTB

Tigbcam`mg @cxn{cgvma

@nvygb \iovcx Txncxnvmu JTN fmg JTB

Xi|nun Tigfmtmv

VNFMO

EN ; EX jijigy`n3 ^M Tigbcam`mg \ixvnoma

\iovcx Txncxnvmu Unuvij

UIAIUMN

Bmjhmx <' Fnmbxmj manx txcuiu `nxmxon mgmanvno (T@M.

86

N\' @MUNA FMG TIJHM@MUMG

6'='

Bmjhmxmg Yjyj Tixyum`mmg 6'='='

Uikmxm` Ungbomv Tixyum`mmg

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fnfnxnomg tmfm vmgbbma =9 Kygn =>90 cai` fym tijyfm hixumyfmxm hixgmjm Fmg fmg Lxmgo Emxgi~ fn Rne`nvm! Omgumu! Omgu mu! YUM' Vnbm hyamg uiviam` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fnfnxnomg! xiuvcxmg vixuihyv viam` jigb`munaomg tigfmtmvmg ocvcx uihiumx YU &244 umjtmn YU &044 tix jngbby fmg tmfm hyamg Fiuijhix viam` jigemtmn aihn` fmxn YU &=044 tix jngbby' Oiuyouiumg mrma vixuihyv jijhixnomg tiaymgb oitmfm Fmg fmg Lxmgo ygvyo uibixm jijhyom fym emhmgb xiuvcxmg ambn' Oijyfnmg tmfm vm`yg =>9> unuvij rmxmamhm ( lxmge`nui. jyamn fnoijhmgbomg figbmg unuvij Tyxi Lxmge`nungb (Hyungiuu Lcxjmv Lxmge`nungb. fnjmgm tijhixn rmxmamhm ( lxmge`nucx . jijhixnomg lcxjmv

~mgb aigbomt jyamn fmxn jixio fmbmgb hmxmgb fmg kmum ygvyo fnkyma! tixmgbomv jmgmkijig! tigbmrmumg jyvy! kmayx fnuvxnhyun! fmg tiam~mgmg amngg~m oitmfm tijhian rmxmamhm ( lxmge`nuii.' Fn Ngfcgiunm! Tn{{m @yv `mfnx tmfm vm`yg =>06 uihmbmn xiuvcxmg tn{{m tixvmjm! fmg ummv ngn viam` fnhyom uihmg~mo =89 bixmn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv' Fn Hcbcx! bixmn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv ~mgb tixvmjm oman fnhyom hixacomun fn Ngvixgyum Tam{m tmfm vm`yg =>>8' Gmjyg! omxigm jigbmamjn higemgm oihmomxmg tmfm vm`yg =>>9! jmom uibixm fnhyom bixmn oifym tmfm vm`yg =>>< ~mgb hixacomun fn Bifygb Fnvvm! Ka' K a' Xm~m Tmfkmkmxmg Gc' 8>! Hcbcx' Uikmxm` aigbomt Tn{{m @yv fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Amjtnxmg 5' 6'='8'

\nun fmg Jnun Tixyum`mmg

\nun fmg jnun uijym xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn Ngfcgiunm fnxmgboyj fmamj umvy omanjmv! ~mnvy; Vc hi Ngfcgiunm„u aimfngb jnf emuyma fnggngb xiuvmyxmgv! cllixngb bximv iptixnigei mgf vì hiuv tn{{m jima mv mllcxfmhai |mayi'

Uivnmt xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn Ngfcgiunm jijnanon |nun ygvyo jigkmfn ~mgb vixygbbya tmfm vngbomv xiuvcxmg oiamu jigibm` fn Ngfcgiunm! ~mgb

89

fnemtmn airmv jnun jigmrmxomg oig~mjmgmg uymumgm ~mgb vixhmno! fmg jig~mknomg tn{{m vixhmno figbmg `mxbm ~mgb vixkmgbomy' 6'='5'

Tigigvymg Tcunun Tixyum`mmg

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv jigbbygmomg tcunvncgngb ‑Bccf Lxnigfu!Bximv Tn{{m‚ ' Figbmg fijnonmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv jijtcununomg fnxng~m

uihmbmn xiuvcxmg ~mgb hixum`mhmv ~mgb hnum fnmxvnomg figbmg jijhixnomg uymumgm ~mgb g~mjmg fmg tigy` oixmjm` vmjm`mg fmg kybm uihmbmn xiuvcxmg tn{{m ~mgb jijhixnomg tn{{m ~mgb ìhmv ~mgb hnum fnmxvnomg figbmg jijhixnomg tn{{m figbmg xmum ~mgb tmuvn ai{mv' 6'='6'

Uvxyovyx Cxbmgnumun Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv

Txiunfig Fnxiovyx

Fnuvxnev Jmgmbix (FJ.

Mxim Jmgmbix (MJ.

Xiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix (XJ.

Muunuvmgv Xiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix (MXJ.

U`nlv Aimfix (UA.

Uix|ix

Eccoix

Hmx Jmg

Cxfix Vmoix

Uvirmxf

Fian|i x~ Jmg

Bmjhmx 2' Uvxyovyx cxbmgnumun Tn{{m @yv

Emu`nix

8<

6'8'

Mgmanunu Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg 6'8'='

Iaijig Txcfyo ( Txcfyev.

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv vixbcacgb fmamj cxbmgnumun lccf mgf hi|ixmbi ~mgb jigb`munaomg txcfyo hixytm jmomgmg! jngyjmg! fmg uitixmgbomv mvxnhyv amngg~m! vixjmuyo fn fmamjg~m mfmam` xmum! rmxgm! mxcjm jmomgmg! `mxbm! gmjm jmomgmg fmg jngyjmg! xityvmun xiuvcxmg uixvm kmum tiam~mgmg figbmg oixmjm` vmjm`mg ~mgb fnhixnomg ygvyo jijymuomg tiamgbbmg' Txcfyo ~mgb fn`munaomg cai` cxbmgnumun lccf mgf hi|ixmbi jixytmomg txcfyo vcvma fmxn fym kignu txcfyo uihmbmn umvy oiumvymg! ~mogn txcfyo hixrykyf ( vmgbnhai. fmg txcfyo vmo hixrykyf ( ngvmgbnhai.' Txcfyo vmo hixrykyf ( ngvmgbnhai. ~mgb fnvmrmxomg cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv mfmam` figbmg jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg ~mgb jijymuomg oitmfm tiamgbbmg ~mgb ngbng jignojmvn tn{{m fmg hixhmbmn kignu jmomgmg fmg jngyjmg amngg~m ~mgb vixuifnm fn Tn{{m @yv' Tn{{m @yv hixytm~m uiemxm ocgunuvig ygvyo uiamay jijigy`n oihyvy`mg tiamgbbmg figbmg jijhymv tiamgbbmg jixmum jigkmfn vmjy ~mgb fn`mxmtomg' Uifmgbomg txcfyo hixrykyf (vmgbnhai. ~mgb fnvmrmxomg cai` Tn{{m @yv mfmam` txcfyo* txcfyo jmomgmg fmg jngyjmg figbmg hixhmbmn |mxnmun fmg kignu! gmjyg vivmt ~mgb jigkmfn txcfyo ngvn ( jmng txcfyev . mfmam` oyjtyamg tn{{m ~mgb ygno! umgbmv ai{mv! fmg jigmxno' Uiamng tn{{m! xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv kybm jig~ifnmomg hixhmbmn kignu `nfmgbmg tijhyom ( mttivn{ix .! .! `nfmgbmg tigyvyt ( fiuuixv .! .! hixhmbmn kignu tmuvm fmg gmun vcxvnaam! kybm hixhmbmn kignu jngyjmg' Tn{{m ~mgb fnvmrmxomg Tn{{m @yv jijnanon vnbm yoyxmg! ~mnvy yoyxmg oiena ygvyo =*8 cxmgb ( tixucgma.! yoyxmg uifmgb ygvyo 5*6 cxmgb (xibyamx .! .! fmg yoyxmg hiumx ygvyo 9*< cxmgb ( amxbi.' Hmbnmg tngbbnx angbomxmg tn{{m ~mgb yjyj (hnmum. mfmam` xcvn ~mgb byxn`! gmjyg uiamng jig~ifnmomg tn{{m figbmg tngbbnxmg hnmum Tn{{m @yv kybm jig~ifnmomg tn{{m figbmg tngbbnxmg xcvn ~mgb fnnun oiky jc{mxiaam fn fmamjg~m (Uvyllif Exyuv .! .! tn{{m figbmg tngbbnxmg xcvn ~mgb fnnun ucunu m~mj fn fmamjg~m (Uvyllif Exyuv Umyumbi.! tn{{m figbmg tngbbnxmg xcvn ~mgb fnnun

82

oiky jc{mxiaam fn fmamjg~m fmg oiky tmgbbmgb fn hmbnmg aymxg~m ( Eìiu~ Exyuv .! .! tn{{m figbmg tngbbnxmg xcvn ~mgb fnnun ucun m~mj fn fmamjg~m fmg

oiky tmgbbmgb fn hmbnmg aymxg~m ( Eìiu~ Exyuv Umyumbi.! fmg kybm mfm tn{{m figbmg tngbbnxmg ocjhngmun oiky jc{mxiaam fmg oiky eìffmx ~mgb jig~ijhya oiaymx xcvn ( Eìi{ Hyxuv .' .' Tn{{m figbmg |mxnmun tngbbnxmg ngn o`yuyu ygvyo tijiumgmg tn{{m yoyxmg uifmgb fmg hiumx' Uimgbomg ygvyo nun hmbnmg mvmu tn{{m ( vcttngb. vixfnxn fmxn hixhmbmn |mxnmun fmg ocjhngmun fmxn tmtxnom `nkmy! tmtxnom jixm`! hmrmgb hcjhm~! gmgmu! kmjyx! kmbygb! oigvmgb! amfm `nvmj! hyxbix umtn! ucunu umtn! fmbngb umtn mumt! tittixcgn umtn! ucunu m~mj! fmbngb m~mj mumt! nomg vygm! yfmgb! fmg eyjn' Hixhmbmn kignu `nfmgbmg ~mgb vixuifnm fn Tn{{m @yv fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm amjtnxmg fmlvmx jigy Tn{{m @yv (Amjtnxmg 8.' Tig~ifnmmg txcfyo Tn{{m @yv hmno airmv txcfyo hixrykyf jmytyg txcfyo vmo hixrykyf jigkmfn hmbnmg ~mgb tigvngb fmamj mutio tijmumxmg fmg jixytmomg lmovcx ~mgb umgbmv tixay fntix`mvnomg! omxigm oihixamgbuygbmg yum`m xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv umgbmv hixbmgvygb fmxn tignamnmg tiamgbbmg! fmg tiamgbbmg jijhixn tignamnmg yjyjg~m hixfmumxomg jmglmmv fmg oymanvmu ~mgb fntixcai`g~m fmxn txcfyo' Tn{{m @yv umgbmv tixay ygvyo jigkmbm oiuinjhmgbmg oymanvmu tig~mjtmnmg fmxn txcfyo hixrykyf fmg fmg txcfyo vmo hixrykyf oitmfm oitmfm tiamgbbmg' 6'8'8'

Hyovn Lnuno ( T`~unema Ilnfigei.

Uihmbmn kignu ngfyuvxn kmum hcbm jmom xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv jijixayomg hyovn lnuno ~mgb jigygkyoomg oihixmfmmgg~m fn vigbm`* vigbm` jmu~mxmomv' Bixmn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv mfmam` hyovn lnuno ~mgb umgbmv kiamu ygvyo jigygkyoomg oihixmfmmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv' Uiamng nvy kybm fnfyoygb cai` hyovn*hyovn lnuno hixytm acbc Tn{{m @yv! tijmumgbmg hnaahcmxf fn fitmg xiuvcxmg! enxn o`mu oigfixmmg fian|ix~! hyoy jigy! fmg oitixfyanmg oitixfyanmg omx~mrmg Tn{{m @yv oitmfm tiamgbbmg' Oihixmfmmg hyovn lnuno ngn jijhmgvy fmamj mutio tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg! omxigm figbmg mfmg~m hyovn lnuno jmom tiamgbbmg hnum jixmumomg tigbmxy` oihixmfmmg fmxn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv! figbmg

80

fijnonmg tiamgbbmg jijnanon vngbomv mrmxigiuu ~mgb aihn` hmno vix`mfmt xiuvcxmg' 6'8'5'

Vijtmv fmg Rmovy ( Tamei mgf Vnji.

Oihixmfmmg acomun fmg uymumgm vijtmv xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv jixytmomg `ma ~mgb tixay fntix`mvnomg omxigm jigkmfn umam` umvy mamv ygvyo jigemtmn tmumx uiuymn figbmg ~mgb fn`mxmtomg' Acomun bixmn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn Bifygb Fnvvm! Ka' Xm~m Tmfkmkmxmg Gc' 8>! Hcbcx mfmam` acomun ~mgb eyoyt uvxmvibnu omxigm fiomv figbmg umam` umvy fmixm` tyumv tixhiamgkmmg fn Ocvm Hcbcx! fiomv figbmg vixjngma fmg kmamg vca! fmg fntngbbnx kmamg xm~m' Amtmgbmg tmxonx ~mgb fnjnanon kybm eyoyt aymu!ui`ngbbm vnfmo jikmfn oigfmam hmbn tiamgbbmg ~mgb jijhmrm oigfixmmg' Gmjyg ~mgb jigkmfn oigfmam! tmfm ummv*ummv vixvigvy uitixvn `mxn anhyx gmuncgma xiuvcxmg vnfmo hnum jigmjtygb uijym tiamgbbmg ~mgb fmvmgb uiomanbyu omxigm oivixhmvmumg vijtmv! rmamytyg bixmn xiuvcxmg eyoyt aymu! mo`nxg~m vixentvmam` mgvxnmg ~mgb jijhymv tiamgbbmg uixngb jixmum oieirm fmg jigbyxygbomg gnmv ygvyo jigygbby! hmòmg vnfmo kmxmgb mfm ~mgb jiacgvmxomg oioiumamgg~m figbmg omvm*omvm' Uiamng nvy! acomun xiuvcxmg ~mgb fiomv figbmg tyumv oixmjmnmg ngn jigkmfn uymvy oigfmam oiena hmbn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv' Figbmg acomun fn fiomv tyumv oixmjmnmg Tn{{m @yv `mxyu hixyum`m jijhixnomg uymumgm ~mgb g~mjmg ~mgb aitmu fmxn oihnungbmg fn aymx xiuvcxmg' Omxigm nvy tixay fnfiumng xymgbmg figbmg jmvixnma ~mgb hnum jixifmj uymxm hnungb fmxn aymx! fmg ygvyo ngn jijhyvyòmg hnm~m ~mgb eyoyt vngbbn! fmg tixmrmvmg ~mgb ngvigunl' Uiamng nvy tigmvmmg xymgb xiuvcxmg kybm umgbmv tixay fntix`mvnomg mbmx tiamgbbmg jixmum g~mjmg hixmfm fn fmamj' Mxim yvmjm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fnhmbn jigkmfn vnbm mxim! ~mnvy mxim tiamgbbmg! mxim tiam~mgmg (uix|nu.! fmg mxim fmtyx ( onveìg.' m' Mxim tiamgbbmg mfmam` jyamn fmxn tngvy jmuyo umjtmn oi ecygvix fitmg! vixjmuyo xymgb jmomg fmg vcnaiv' Xymgb jmomg fnhifmomg jigkmfn omvibcxn xymgbmg ~mgb fntixhcaiòmg ygvyo jixcoco fmg omvibcxn xymgbmg ~mgb vnfmo fnitixhcaiòmg ygvyo jixcoco' Xymgb jmomg fnaigbomtn figbmg 6= jikm om~y fmg =<4 vijtmv fyfyo ~mgb

8>

g~mjmg' Ecygvix umamf fmg uyt hixmfm fn fiomv tngvy jmuyo! ui`ngbbm uijym vmjy hnum jian`mv ummv jijmuyon xiuvcxmg' h' Mxim uix|nu vixfnxn fmxn hi|ixmbi uievncg (vijtmv fnutiguix uijym kignu jngyjmg! biamu! haigfix! fmg lxii{ix ygvyo iu oxnj! hym` hm`mg kynei! jngyjmg hcvca fmg jngyjmg omaigb.! lxcgv ecygvix (vijtmv jiung xibnuvix tiumgmg.! tneo ytecygvix (vijtmv jigbmjhna txcfyo jmomgmg fmg jngyjmg ~mgb uyfm` kmfn.! fmg

ecygvix

mxim

(vijtmv

tijhm~mxmg.' e' Mxim onveìg jixytmomg mxim tigbiacammg txcfyo! jyamn fmxn tig~ifnmmg hm`mg hmoy! tig~njtmgmg hm`mg hmoy! tigbcam`mg hm`mg hmoy! tijhymvmg fcyb` tn{{m! tijmgbbmgbmg! kybm vixjmuyo vijtmv tigeyenmg tnxngb fmg tixomomu tixomomu amngg~m' Rmovy tig~mjtmnmg txcfyo oitmfm tiamgbbmg ~mgb uiuymn figbmg uvmgfmx ygvyo Tn{{m @yv mfmam` jmounjma =9 jignv ygvyo tn{{m! =4 jignv ygvyo tmuvm fmg gmun! fmg 8 jignv ygvyo jngyjmg' Gmjyg ~mgb uixngb vixkmfn mfmam` txcfyo oiaymx aihn` fmxn rmovy uvmgfmx vixuihyv! vixyvmjm ummv xiuvcxmg uifmgb tmfmv tiamgbbmg! ui`ngbbm hmg~mo tiamgbbmg ~mgb jigbiay` omxigm vnfmo umhmx' @ma ngn fnuihmhomg omxigm oyxmgbg~m omx~mrmg fmg omtmunvmu jiung tijmgbbmgb ~mgb vixhmvmu' 6'8'6'

Txcuiu Txcfyoun ( Txcfyevncg Txceiuu.

Uiviam` tiamgbbmg jiamoyomg tijiumgmg! uix|ix uibixm jigbngtyv fmlvmx tiumgmg oi ocjtyvix ~mgb viam` fntxcbxmj o`yuyu! oijyfnmg txngv cyv tiumgmg vixuihyv cvcjmvnu momg oiaymx fn jiung txngvix onveìg fmg

hmx' Eccoix uibixm jijhymv txcfyo uiuymn tiumgmg' Ygvyo Y gvyo txcfyo tn{{m! xcvn! m~mj! amumbgm! uyt tyuvx~! fnjmumo fmamj jiung tijmgbbmgb ~mgb hixkmamg uiemxm cvcjmvnu' Ummv txcfyo uyfm` oiaymx fmxn jiung tijmgbbmgb hixmxvn txcfyo uyfm` jmumo! oijyfnmg fnumknomg fmg fnaivmoomg fn tneo yt ecygvix mbmx fnmjhna cai` uix|ix ygvyo fnumjtmnomg oitmfm tiamgbbmg' Ygvyo txcfyo tmuvm fnjmumo figbmg ocjtcx bmu! fnumknomg fn tnxngb oijyfnmg fnaivmoomg fn tneo yt ecygvix' Fijnonmg kybm figbmg hmx jmg jijhymv jngyjmg uiuymn tiumgmg! oijyfnmg fnaivmoomg fn tneo yt ecygvix '

54

Tixmamvmg jmumo fmg tixaigbomtmg jmomg ~mgb uyfm` ocvcx fneyen cai` uvirmxf figbmg jigbbygmomg fnurmu`ngb (jiung tigeyen tnxngb cvcjmvnu. ~mgb fn fmamjg~m jigemoyt txcuiu uvixnanumun tixmamvmg' Uiayxy` txcuiu txcfyoun fn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv umgbmv jigbyvmjmomg oi`nbnignumg omxigm mfmg~m oiumfmxmg hm`rm yum`m ~mgb fnnkmamgomg jig~mgboyv

txcfyo

ocguyjun

ygvyo

fnjmomg

ui`ngbbm

lmovcx

oitigvngbmg umgbmv tigvngb' Iliovnlnvmu fmg ilnunigun fmxn txcuiu txcfyoun Tn{{m @yv ngn umgbmv fntixayomg hmbn oiamgemxmg txcuiu fnuvxnhyun! mtmhnam vixkmfn `mjhmvmg fmamj txcuiu txcfyoun jmom momg jigkmfn oigfmam fmamj tig~mjtmnmg txcfyo oitmfm tiamgbbmg! ui`ngbbm jigbyxmgbn oymanvmu fmxn mutio tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg' 6'8'9'

Txcfyovn|nvmu fmg Oymanvmu ( Txcfyevn|nv~ mgf ]ymanv~.

Txcfyovn|nvmu hmbn yum`m xiuvcxmg mfmam` `ma ~mgb hixkmamg uinxngb figbmg tigbmrmumg vix`mfmt txcuiu txcfyoun' Txcfyovn|nvmu ~mgb hmno umgbmv fntixayomg ygvyo oiamgemxmg kmamgg~m txcuiu txcfyoun' Vngbomv txcfyovnlnvmu ~mgb hmno fnkmbm figbmg jiamoyomg tioixkmmg uiuymn figbmg txcuifyx*txcuifyx ~mgb viam` fnvivmtomg' Tigbmrmumg fmxn tn`mo jmgmkix fmg aimfix umgbmv fntixayomg ygvyo jigkmbm txcfyovnlnvmu omx~mrmg fmamj jiamoyomg tioixkmmg fmg vmgbbygb kmrmh jmungb* jmungb fmamj txcuiu txcfyoun ui`ngbbm hnum fn`munaomg txcfyo hixoymanvmu ~mgb uiuymn figbmg gnamn ~mgb fn`mxmtomg tiamgbbmg! ui`ngbbm tiamgbbmg jixmum vixtymuomg' Tigbmrmumg ~mgb fnamoyomg uyfm` eyoyt hmno! gmjyg vixomfmgb hioixkm fn hmrm` tigbmrmumg jijhymv omx~mrmg jixmum hioixkm fn hmrm` viomgmg! ui`ngbbm vixkmfn oiomoymg' Jmom tn`mo jmgmkix fmg aimfix uiuioman tixay ygvyo jijhixn oitixem~mmg oitmfm omx~mrmg vmgtm jigbmrmung~m' 6'8'<'

Cxmgb ( Tictai.

Fmamj ngfyuvxn kmum hcbm uitixvn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv umgbmv hixbmgvygb tmfm ngvixmoun amgbuygb fmg txnhmfn mgvmxm tiamgbbmg fmg omx~mrmg tixyum`mmg vixyvmjm figbmg uix|ix ' Tiamgbbmg uixngb jignamn oymanvmu kmum ~mgb jixiom vixnjm fmxn xiuvcxmg hixfmumxomg tignamnmg

5=

vix`mfmt cxmgb*cxmgb ~mgb jig~mknomg kmum vixuihyv' Mtmhnam cxmgb ~mgb jigkmfn tig~ifnm kmum jijhixnomg tiam~mg ~mgb hmno! jmom momg jignjhyaomg oiumg tcunvnl vix`mfmt xiuvcxmg fn higmo ocguyjig! fijnonmg tyam uihmanog~m knom cxmgb ~mgb jigkmfn tig~ifnm kmum vnfmo jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg ~mgb hmno! jmom ocguyjig momg jijnanon vmgbbmtmg ~mgb oyxmgb hmno tyam vix`mfmt xiuvcxmg vixuihyv' Ygvyo jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg ~mgb hixoymanvmu oitmfm tiamgbbmg! xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv umgbmv jijtix`mvnomg fmg jigbyvmjmomg oihixun`mg (eaimgangiuu.! oixmjm` vmjm`mg ( `cutnvmanv~.! oivitmvmg tig~mjtmnmg txcfyo ( meeyxme~.! tigmgbmgmg tiamgbbmg ~mgb hmno ( jmngvigmgei.! txcfyo ~mgb hixoymanvmu (txcfyev }ymanv~.! fmg oieitmvmg fmamj jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg ( utiif .' .' Amgbom`*amgbom` tiam~mgmg ygvyo jijymuomg tiamgbbmg ~mgb fnvixmtomg cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fnoigma figbmg ‑=4 Jcjigvu cl Vxyv`‚ ! ~mgb vixfnxn fmxn;

=' Bxiivngb (jigbivm`yn figbmg eitmv ummv tiamgbbmg jmuyo oi fmamj xiuvcxmg!

uibixm

jig~mjhyv

figbmg

`mgbmv

fmg

hixum`mhmv!

vixuig~yj figbmg jigbbygmomg ocgvmo jmvm fmg unomt ~mgb rmkmx.' r mkmx.' 8' Uimvngb (jijnanòmg vijtmv fyfyo ~mgb uiuymn figbmg oingbngmg tiamgbbmg! jigbmgvmxomg tiamgbbmg oi vijtmv fyfyog~m figbmg hixkmamg fn fitmg tiamgbbmg umjhna jijhymv tixemomtmg xngbmg fmg jijhmrmomg hyoy jigy! jigmxnoomg oyxun ygvyo rmgnvm mvmy ~mgb aihn` vyu mvmy mgmo oiena! fmg jijhixnomg jigy figbmg jijhyom hmbnmg `mamjmg txcjcun.' 5' Vmongb vì Cxfix (jigbyemtomg umamj figbmg jmgvmt fmg tixem~m fnxn oitmfm tiamgbbmg! jijtixoigmaomg fnxn! oijyfnmg jigmrmxomg txcfyo*txcfyo fn hyoy jigy! jijhixnomg umxmg vigvmgb txcfyo hmxy oitmfm tiamgbbmg! jigmg~momg fmg jigemvmv uijym tiumgmg tiamgbbmg figbmg vitmv! jiamoyomg tijhmemmg yamgb tiumgmg! oijyfnmg uibixm jigbngtyv fmlvmx tiumgmg oi fmamj ocjtyvix.'

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6' Uix|ngb Fxngou (jijhmrmomg jngyjmg uieitmv jygbong uiviam` tijiumgmg! jiaivmoomg jngyjmg fn mvmu jikm umjhna jig~ihyvomg gmjm jngyjmg vixuihyv.' 9' Uix|ngb Uvmxvixu (umknomg jmomgmg tijhyom vixaihn` fm`yay uieitmv jygbong! uihyvomg gmjm jmomgmg ~mgb fnumknomg! fmg vmrmxomg jngyjmg vmjhm`mg mvmy vmg~momg mtmhnam mfm tiumgmg vmjhm`mg.' <' Uix|ngb vì Jmng Ecyxui (hnam vnfmo jijiumg jmomgmg tijhyom! umknomg jmomgmg yvmjm uieitmvg~m figbmg vivmt hixunomt `mgbmv fmg hixum`mhmv umjhna jig~ihyvomg gmjm jmomgmg.' jmomgmg.' 2' Lcaacrngb Yt Mlvix vì Jmng Ecyxui (hihixmtm jignv uiviam` tiamgbbmg

jignojmvn

`nfmgbmgg~m!

vmg~momg

mtmom`

uijym

tiumgmgg~m uyfm` oiaymx#vixumkn! mtmom` mfm tiumgmg vmjhm`mg! fmg tixnoum uiemxm vixmvyx mtmom` tiamgbbmg tiamgbbmg jijhyvyòmg uiuymvy.' 0' Cllixngb Fiuuixv (hnam uijym tiamgbbmg uyfm` jig~iaiumnomg jmomgmg yvmjm! vmrmxomg jmomgmg tigyvyt figbmg omvm*omvm ~mgb jigmxno

umjhna

jig~ihyvomg

gmjm

jmomgmgg~m!

fmg

knom

jijygbongomg mgbomv tixmamvmg jmomg ~mgb uyfm` ocvcx fmg vnfmo momg fntixbygmomg ambn cai` tiamgbbmg.' >' Fian|ixngb Fiuuixv mgf Cllixngb vì Hnaa (umknomg jmomgmg tigyvyt umjhna jig~ihyvomg gmjmg~m! vmrmxomg mtmom` tiamgbbmg ngbng jijngvm hnaa tijhm~mxmgg~m uiomxmgb! eivmo hnaa oijyfnmg mgvmxomg oi tiamgbbmg figbmg jigbbygmomg hnaa vxm~ .' =4' Eaimxngb Fiuuixvu! Vmongb Tm~jigv! mgf V`mgongb (hixunòmg tixmamvmg hiomu fiuuixv fmxn tiamgbbmg umjhna jigbmjhna ymgb mvmy omxvy tijhm~mxmg! mgvmxomg oi omunx! fmg oijhman jigbmjhna unum tijhm~mxmg fmxn omunx! jigbmgvmxomg oijhman oi jikm tiamgbbmg umjhna jigbyemtomg vixnjmomun` figbmg uygbby`*uygbby`.' 6'8'2'

Txcjcvncg mgf Ifyemvncg.' Txcjcun fmg Ifyomun ( Txcjcvncg

Oibnmvmg

txcjcun

tixay

fnamoyomg

cai`

tixyum`mmg

ygvyo

jijtixoigmaomg tixyum`mmg fmg txcfyog~m oitmfm tmumx' Tn{{m @yv uihmbmn yum`m kmum hcbm vivmt jijixayomg txcjcun mbmx ocguyjig

55

jig~mfmxn oihixmfmmg Tn{{m @yv! jigbivm`yn txcfyo*txcfyo Tn{{m @yv! fmg jijnanon tigbigmamg ~mgb aihn` hmno vix`mfmt Tn{{m @ yv' Tn{{m @yv uixvm Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv jiamoyomg txcjcun airmv jifnm eivmo! jifnm |nuyma! fmg jifnm myfnc' Kybm fnfyoygb cai` tigbmfmmg hnaahcmxf ' @mg~m umkm txcjcun ~mgb uiamjm ngn fnamoyomg aihn` oi

txcjcun txcfyo Tn{{m @yv uiemxm yjyj ~mgb hixamoy ygvyo uiayxy` Ngfcgiunm' Ui`ngbbm vnfmo jijhixnomg ifyomun jigbigmn vijtmv oijmgm tiamgbbmg `mxyu fmvmgb ygvyo jijtixcai` tn{{m fmxn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m T n{{m @yv' Jmom uivnmt xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uihmnog~m jigbmfmomg txcjcun uigfnxn ygvyo aihn` jijtixoigmaomg oitmfm jmu~mxmomv uionvmx jigbigmn oihixmfmmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn fmixm` vixuihyv' Hmg~mo jmu~mxmomv ~mgb oyxmgb jig~mfmxn hm`rm vixg~mvm fn fiomvg~m mfm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv' Tijmumgbmg hnaahcmxf uihmnog~m fnaigbomtn figbmg mamjmv xiuvcxmg fmg fntmumgb hyomg `mg~m fn fitmg xiuvcxmg! vmtn kybm fn vijtmv*vijtmv uvxmvibnu amngg~m ygvyo aihn` jijhixn oiumfmxmg oitmfm ocguyjig' 6'8'0'

@mxbm fmg Hnm~m Kmum Amngg~m( Txnei mgf Cvìx Ecuvu.'

Lmovcx `mxbm fmg mtm umkm hnm~m ~mgb `mxyu fnoiaymxomg tiamgbbmg ygvyo hnum jijtixcai` txcfyo xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv tixay ygvyo fntixvnjhmgbomg' Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv jijhymv |mxnmun tnan`mg `mxbm ~mgb vixfnxn fmxn tn{{m fianb`v e`cnei figbmg `mxbm aihn` jyxm`! tn{{m lm|cyxnvi e`cnei figbmg `mxbm uifnonv aihn` jm`ma! fmg tn{{m fiaypi e`cnei figbmg `mxbm ~mgb eyoyt jm`ma' Vixfmtmv kybm `mxbm tmoiv

ui`ngbbm tiamgbbmg hnum jigfmtmvomg umvy tmoiv jigy aigbomt figbmg `mxbm ~mgb aihn` jyxm`' Figbmg fijnonmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv hnum jixmn` uibjig tmumx figbmg vngbomv tigfmtmvmg jigigbm` fmg jigigbm` oi mvmu! uixvm jigb`mtyu jnvcu hm`rm tn{{m jixytmomg jmomgmg ~mgb `mg~m hnum fngnojmvn cai` ocguyjig figbmg tigfmtmvmg jigigbm` oi mvmu' Gmjyg! uivnmt txcfyo xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fnoigmn tmkmo uihiumx =4) fmxn `mxbm tcoco! ui`ngbbm tiamgbbmg `mxyu jigbiaymxomg hnm~m vmjhm`mg ygvyo nvy' Tiamgbbmg kybm vixomfmgb jigbiaymxomg hnm~m rmovy figbmg jigygbby txcfyo oiaymx aihn` amjm fmxn ~mgb ui`mxyug~m' Hnm~m

56

vmjhm`mg ~mgb fnoiaymxomg cai` tiamgbbmg ngn tixay fntix`mvnomg ambn cai` tixyum`mmg mbmx vnfmo jigbyxmgbn oingbngmg ygvyo jiamoyomg txcuiu tijhianmg cai` ocguyjig' Oivitmvmg rmovy fmamj tig~ifnmmg txcfyo fmg oymanvmu fmxn txcfyo tixay ygvyo fnkmbm ui`ngbbm ocguyjig vnfmo jixmum fnxybnomg uiemxm jmvixn fmg rmovy'

6'5'

Mgmanunu Angboygbmg Ngvixgma 6'5'='

Mutio Tmumx fmg Tijmumxmg

Tmgbum tmumx ~mgb fnjnanon cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg ummv ngn mfmam` uionvmx =0) fmxn uiayxy` tigfyfyo Ocvm Hcbcx! uifmgbomg tiamgbbmg amngg~m uihmbnmg hiumx mfmam` tigbygkygb ~mgb fmvmgb fmxn aymx Ocvm Hcbcx' Tmgbum tmumx ~mgb hix`muna fnxmn` cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg ngn fnxmumomg jmun` oyxmgb fmg tixay fnvngbomvomg ambn! ui`ngbbm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg vixyu jiamoyomg tixhmnomg ngvixgma

fmamj

fnxn

tixyum`mmg'

Tmfm

fmumxg~m

jmumam`

ygvyo

jigngbomvomg tmgbum tmumx ~mgb fnmamjn cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg mfmam` fnomxigmomg cai` mfmg~m xiuvcxmg tn{{m tiumngb ~mgb hixacomun vnfmo hibnvy kmy` fmxn Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! fmg kybm fnuihmhomg cai` oihixmfmmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv amngg~m fn hihixmtm acomun hixhifm fn Ocvm Hcbcx ~mgb jig~ihmhomg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg `mxyu hixhmbn tmgbum tmumx figbmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv amngg~m fn Ocvm Hcbcx' Ygvyo nvy xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg tixay jijmounjmaomg uvxmvibn tijmumxmgg~m! uiemxm o`yuyu airmv uvxmvibn vix`mfmt hmyxmg tijmumxmgg~m! jiantyvn uvxmvibn txcfyo! uvxmvibn txcjcun! uvxmvibn fnuvxnhyun! fmg uvxmvibn Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm' Ygvyo uvxmvibn `mxbm hnum fnbygmomg fmamj jigb`mfmtn tixumngbmg figbmg xiuvcxmg tn{{m amngg~m' Gmjyg! ygvyo hixumngb figbmg uiumjm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv amngg~m uvxmvibn `mxbm vnfmo hnum fnbygmomg omxigm unuvij rmxmamhm ~mgb fnbygmomg cai` Tn{{m @yv jig~ihmhomg `mxbm fmxn uijym kignu txcfyo fnvigvyomg umjm fmxn Tn{{m @yv tyumv' Vixomnv figbmg uvxmvibn txcfyo! rmamytyg unuvij rmxmamhm ~mgb fnbygmomg jig~ihmhomg uijym kignu txcfyo ~mgb fnjnanon cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv mfmam` umjm! Tn{{m @yv

59

fmtmv jijhmgbyg oiygbbyamg fmxn txcfyog~m figbmg jijhymv tn{{m ~mgb higmx*higmx uiuymn figbmg uvmgfmx ~mgb viam` fnvigvyomg cai` Tn{{m @yv tyumv! hmno fmxn uibn xmum! tig~mknmg! fmg oymanvmu txcfyo' Fmg ygvyo nvy fntixayomg ocjnvjig fmxn omx~mrmg ygvyo jiamoumgmomg vmgbbygb kmrmhg~m jmungb*jmungb! ui`ngbbm fmamj `ma ngn umgbmv fntixayomg tigixmtmg uvxmvibn Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm uiemxm vitmv' Uvxmvibn txcjcun Tn{{m @yv Tmfmkmkmxmg fnamoyomg figbmg jijmglmmvomg envxm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg uihmbmn xiuvcxmg tn{{m tn{{m ~mgb tixvmjm oman `mfnx fn Ocvm Hcbcx uiviam` Tn{{m @yv fn Ngvixgyum Tam{m jigbmamjn oihmomxmg! uiamng nvy kybm figbmg jijhymv hxcuyx! la~ix ! hnaahcmxf! fmg ~mgb umgbmv fn`mxmtomg mfmam` mfmg~m rcxf cl jcyv` txcjcvncg ~mgb tcunvnl fmxn tiamgbbmg ~mgb jixmum tymu uiviam` jmomg fn Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! Hcbcx' 6'5'8'

Mutio Jmgmkijig

Unuvij jmgmkijig xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uyfm` eyoyt vixvmvm xmtn' Txiunfig Fnxiovyx hixvmgbbygb kmrmh jijnjtng! jigbigfmanomg! jigbijhmgbomg fmg jigbmrmun ongixkm fmg txcfyovn|nvmu xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn uiayxy` Ngfcgiunm' Fmamj jigkmamgomg tixyum`mmg! Txiunfig Fnxiovyx

fnfyoygb

cai`

lygbun

meecygvngb!

nglcxjmvncg

u~uvij!

jmxoivngb! vxmngngb! `yjmg xiucyxeiu! fmg ctixmvncg' Fnhmrm` Txiunfig

Fnxiovyx mfmam` Fnuvxnev Jmgmbix (FJ. ~mgb jijnjtng fmg jigbmrmun 84*54 xiuvcxmg' FJ jijnjtng figbmg hixhmbmn jmemj lygbun fmg hnugnu fmxn jmxoivngb `ngbbm jijnonxomg tigbijhmanmg jcfma yum`m' Fn hmrm` FJ mfmam` uicxmgb Mxim Jmgmbix (MJ. ~mgb jijnjtng fmg jigbmrmun 5*< xiuvcxmg' MJ jigfcxcgb cxmgb amng ygvyo jigkmamgomg hnugnu fmamj kyjam` fmg unvymun mgb hixhifm*hifm' Fn hmrm` MJ mfmam` uicxmgb Xiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix Jmgmbix (XJ.' Uivnmt bixmn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn Ngfcgiunm fntnjtng cai` uicxmgb Xiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix (XJ.' XJ jijnanon vmgbbygb kmrmh jig~iayxy`

vix`mfmt tigbiacammg yum`m fmg tigbmrmumg vix`mfmt oibnmvmg txcfyoun' XJ jigbiacam yum`m figbmg tigbmvyxmg ~mgb uinjhmgb fmamj jijnjtng cxmgb (omx~mrmg.! jijtix`mvnomg oitymumg eyuvcjixu!

5<

jijmgvmy tigkymamg! uixvm jigbiacam tigfmtmvmg' Fn hmrm` XJ mfm Muunuvmgv Xiuvmyxmgv

Jmgmbix (MXJ.

~mgb hixvmgbbygb kmrmh

jijhmgvy XJ fmamj jigbiacam xiuvcxmg'uicxmgb MXJ jijnanon oijmjtymg fmamj viogno tigixnjmmg omx~mrmg! viogno tixigemgmmg! fmg viogno oijmjtymg tiamvn`mg' Fnhmrm` MXJ mfm U`nlv Aimfix (UA. ~mgb hixvmgbbygb kmrmh ygvyo jigbcgvxca uiemxm amgbuygb oibnmvmg txcfyoun fn amtmgbmg' Uicxmgb UA jijnanon oijmjtymg! viognotigbiacammg txcfyo! viogno jijmgmkijig UFJ (Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm. ~mgb fmamj `ma ngn mfmam` omx~mrmg ~mgb mfm fn hmrm`g~m! viogno tigbiacammg ymgb ~mgb fmamj `ma ngn mfmam` ymgb tijhm~mxmg fn omunx! fmg viogno hixcxbmgnumun' Fn hmrm` UA mfm Uix|ix ~mgb hixvybmu ygvyo jiam~mgn uijym oihyvy`mg tiamgbbmg ~mgb fmvmgb hixoygkygb! Eccoix ~mgb hixvybmu ygvyo jijhymv jmomgmg uiuymn figbmg tiumgmg! Hmx Jmg ~mgb hixvybmu ygvyo jijhymv jngyjmg fmg fiuuixv ! Cxfix Vmoix ~mgb hixvybmu ygvyo jigixnjm fmg jigboccxfngnx tiumgmg airmv viaitcg! Uvirmxf ~mgb

hixvybmu

ygvyo

jigkmamgomg

fnu`rmungb

ygvyo

jijhixunòmg tixomomu ~mgb ocvcx! Fian|ix~ Jmg ~mgb hixvybmu ygvyo jig~mjtmnomg tiumg mgvmx oi mamjmv ~mgb fnjngvm cai` tiamgbbmg! fmg Emu`nix ~mgb hixvmgbbygb kmrmh fmamj tigbiacammg tijhm~mxmg fmg

`muna tijhm~mxmg' Figbmg mfmg~m uvxyovyx jmgmkixnma fmg fiuoxntun vybmu ~mgb umgbmv kiamu tmfm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv jijhymv tijhixnmg ocjmgfc aihn` kiamu! ui`ngbbm vngbomv tigbmrmumg vix`mfmt txcuiu ctixmun fmg tiamoumgmmg yum`m fmtmv vixoccxfngmun figbmg eyoyt hmno' Tiamoumgmmg uivnmt lygbun figbmg vitmv momg umgbmv hixtigbmxy` hmbn tigbijhmgbmg yum`m' Mtmhnam uivnmt lygbun fmtmv jiamoyomg vybmug~m jmungb*jmungb figbmg hmno fmg hixoccxfngmun figbmg hmno tyam figbmg lygbun amngg~m! jmom tixyum`mmg hnum vixyu jigbijhmgbomg jigbijhmgbomg yum`mg~m' 6'5'5'

Mutio Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg 8> ummv ngn jijnanon kyjam` omx~mrmg uionvmx 92 cxmgb' Vixfnxn mvmu = cxmgb xiuvmyxmgv jmgmbix ! 8 cxmgb muunuvmgv xiuvmyxmgv jmgmbix ! 5 cxmgb u`nlv aimfix! 6 cxmgb emu`nix! =2

52

cxmgb uix|ix! =6 cxmgb eccoix! 5 cxmgb hmx jmg! 5 cxmgb uvirmxf ! 8 cxmgb cxfix vmoix ! fmg 0 cxmgb fian|ix~ jmg'

Omx~mrmg fnhifmomg jigkmfn omx~mrmg lyaavnjix! omx~mrmg ocgvxmo! fmg omx~mrmg tmxvnjix ' Ygvyo omx~mrmg fnhifmomg hixfmumxomg bcacgbmg! jyamn fmxn bcacgbmg N! NN! NNN! N\! \! \M fmg \H' Tijhm~mxmg bmkn ygvyo omx~mrmg lyaavnjix fnonxnjomg airmv xioigngb vmhygbmg uivnmt mo`nx hyamg! figbmg kyjam` uiuymn figbmg bcacgbmg jmungb*jmungb' Tijhm~mxmg bmkn ygvyo omx~mrmg ocgvxmo fnonxnjomg airmv xioigngb vmhygbmg uivnmt mo`nx hyamg! figbmg kyjam` uiuymn figbmg kyjam` `mxn oixkm jmungb*jmungb' Tijhm~mxmg bmkn ygvyo omx~mrmg tmxvnjix fn`nvygb tix `mxn jmuyo! fnoyjyamvnlomg fmg fnhm~mxomg tmfm mo`nx hyamg' Kmj oixkm omx~mrmg vixfnxn mvmu anjm u`nlv ! fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Vmhia 5'

Vmhia 5' Tijhmbnmg u`nlv oixkm omx~mrmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg U`nlv Jmuyo Oiaymx Nuvnxm`mv M 42'44 =<'44 =6'44 E =4'44 =>'44 =9'44 E‚ =='44 84'44 =9'44 F =8'44 8='44 =9'44#=<'44 L =6'44 85'44 =<'44 Uyjhix; Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! Hcbcx 8449

Uivnmt omx~mrmg jigfmtmvomg lmunanvmu tmomnmg uixmbmj! jyu`caam! jmomg unmgb! fmg cgbocu tyamgb hmbn ~mgb jmuyo u`nlv L' Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uiamay jigbmfmomg tiamvn`mg xyvng uivnmt vnbm hyamg uioman ygvyo jigngbomvomg jigngbomvomg txcfyovnlnvmu fmg oijmjtymg oijmjtymg omx~mrmg fmamj jigb`munaomg txcfyo fmg jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg vixhmno oitmfm tiamgbbmg' Uiamng nvy omx~mrmg ~mgb aihn` uigncx (kmj oixkm aihn` hmg~mo. jijnanon vmgbbygb kmrmh ygvyo jijhnjhngb fmg jijhixnomg tiamvn`mg fn amtmgbmg oitmfm omx~mrmg omx~mrmg ~mgb vixbcacgb jmun` hmxy' hmxy' Rmamytyg jigbbygmomg unuvij rmxmamhm! Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg jijnanon oihihmumg ygvyo jigemxn fmg jixioxyv vigmbm oixkmg~m uigfnxn! oieyman ygvyo tijnan`mg u`nlv aimfix fmg jmgmkix fnvigvyomg fmxn Tn{{m @yv tyumv' Oihihmumg xiuvcxmg fmamj jixioxyv! jijnan`! fmg jiamvn`

50

omx~mrmg vmgtm `mxyu vixnomv figbmg tyumv hnum jigkmfn tiaymgb ~mgb fmtmv fnbygmomg cai` xiuvcxmg ygvyo jigbijhmgbomg yum`mg~m' Mtmhnam xiuvcxmg higmx*higmx jijtix`mvnomg oymanvmu UFJ jyamn fmxn tixioxyvmg umjtmn tiamvn`mg! jmom oymanvmu txcuiu txcfyoun fmtmv uijmong fnvngbomvomg! ui`ngbbm oymanvmu xiuvcxmg fn higmo ocguyjig jigkmfn uijmong hmno' 6'5'6'

Mutio Oiymgbmg

Ocgfnun oiymgbmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfmkmxmg ummv ngn jmun` fmtmv fnomvmomg

hmno!

jiuontyg

|cayji

tigkymamg

jmun`

layovymvnl'

Tixyum`mmmg hiayj tixgm` jigbmamjn oixybnmg lngmgunma! `ma ngn fnvygkyoomg cai` xmunc oiygvygbmg fmg hnm~mg~m uiamay fn mvmu umvy' Tixuigvmui tixyhm`mg gnamn tigkymamg hixun` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Vmhia 6' Vmhia 6' Tixuigvmui Tixyhm`mg Gnamn Tigkymamg Tigkymamg Hixun` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg Hcbcx! vm`yg 844=*8449 Lccf Giv Umaiu Hi|ixmbi Giv Umaiu Bxmgf Vcvma Vm`yg 844=*8448 *2!8 ) *>!2 ) *2!< ) 8448*8445 =< ) 0!8 ) =9 ) 8445*8446 =!= ) 5 ) =!6 ) 8446*8449 5!> ) 85 )
oiymgbmg

xiuvcxmg

Tn{{m

@yv

Tmfkmkmxmg

viam`

jigbbygmomg unuvij moygvmgun vixocjtyvixnumun' Amtcxmg tigb`nvygbmg tigkymamg ocvcx fnamoyomg cai` omunx uivnmt `mxn! fnhmgvy figbmg ocjtyvix ~mgb viam` vixtxcbxmj ygvyo jigb`nvygb vcvma tigkymamg jmomgmg fmg jngyjmg uiemxm cvcjmvnu' Fmvm tigkymamg jmomgmg fmg jngyjmg fntixcai` fmxn `muna tigbngtyvmg tiumgmgmg oi fmamj ocjtyvix' Fmvm hnm~m tigbiaymxmg fnoiacam figbmg jigbbygmomg txcbxmj Jnexcuclv Ipeia' Oimfmmg

oiymgbmg

xiuvcxmg

~mgb

eyoyt

hmno

fmg

vixyu

jigb`munaomg oiygvygbmg jigkmfn oioymvmg hmbn xiuvcxmg! omxigm figbmg fijnonmg xiuvcxmg vivmt jijnanon jcfma ~mgb eyoyt hmbn tiamoumgmmg fmg tigbijhmgbmg txcfyoung~m! ui`ngbbm txcuiu txcfyoun fmtmv vixyu

5>

hixamgbuygb vmgtm mfmg~m oigfmam `mjhmvmg oiymgbmg' Unuvij ~mgb vixocjtyvixnumun fmamj tigbiacammg oiymgbmg kybm umgbmv jijhmgvy fmamj jijtixoiena xiunoc oiumam`mg fmamj tigbiacammg oiymgbmg xiuvcxmg' 6'5'9'

Mutio Ctixmuncgma

Ygvyo amgemxg~m txcuiu txcfyoun fmg ctixmun! Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg viam` jigkmang ocgvxmo oixkm umjm figbmg hihixmtm tixyum`mmg tijmuco ygvyo

tig~ifnmmg

hm`mg

hmoy

txcfyo

uixvm

ng|igvcxn*ng|igvcxn

tigfyoygb amngg~m' Tijmuco jiamoyomg tigbnxnjmg xyvng uivnmt jngbby uiuymn figbmg tijiumgmg ~mgb fnamoyomg cai` xiuvcxmg ui`mxn uihiayj tigbnxnjmg' Tigbbygmmg hm`mg hmoy fmg ng|igvcxn*ng|igvcxn tigfyoygb fnamoyomg figbmg jigbbygmomg unuvij lnxuv ng lnxuv cyv ygvyo jigkmbm mbmx vnfmo mfm hmxmgb ~mgb vixhymgb omxigm viam` `mhnu jmum tmomng~m' Hmxmgb*hmxmgb fmg hm`mg hmoy ~mgb `mxyu fnunjtmg tmfm uy`y xymgbmg fnunjtmg fn fx~ uvcxmbi! uifmgbomg hmxmgb fmg hm`mg ~mgb `mxyu fnunjtmg fn hmrm` uy`y xymgbmg fnunjtmg fn lxc{ig uvcxmbi' Uivnmt tigbmjhnamg hm`mg hmoy fmg hmxmgb*hmxmgb fmxn byfmgb fnamoyomg tigemvmvmg! ui`ngbbm fntixcai` tijhyoymg jigbigmn hmxmgb*hmxmgb ~mgb viam` fnbygmomg! ygvyo jijtixjyfm` tigbiacammg tijiumgmg oi tijmuco' Oixkm umjm ~mgb vixkmang hmno fmg vixcxbmgnunx uiemxm xmtn figbmg tijmuco ngn jigbyxmgbn xiunoc `mjhmvmg tmfm txcuiu txcfyoun monhmv mfmg~m oioyxmgbmg hm`mg hmoy' Figbmg fijnonmg xiuvcxmg jigkmfn aihn` iliovnl fmamj jiamoyomg yum`mg~m' Oivixmgbmg jigbigmn txcuiu txcfyoun uiemxm aigbomt viam` fnhm`mu fmamj uyh hmh Mgmanunu Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg tmfm tcng Txcuiu Txcfyoun'

6'6'

Mgmanunu Angboygbmg Kmy` 6'6'='

Angboygbmg Ucunma Hyfm~m

Kyjam` tigfyfyo fn Ocvm Hcbcx vixyu jigygkyoomg tigngbomvmg figbmg kyjam` ~mgb vnfmo uifnonv! uitixvn vixan`mv tmfm Vmhia 9' Tigngbomvmg tigfyfyo ngn jijixayomg tig~ifnmmg tmgbmg ~mgb uijmong

64

hiumx ygvyo fnocguyjun hmbn oitixaymg xyjm` vmgbbm' Cai` omxigm nvy! tigngbomvmg kyjam` xyjm` vmgbbm uivnmt vm`ygg~m fn Ocvm Hcbcx jixytmomg tiaymgb hmbn ngfyuvxn tig~ifnmmg jmomgmg! o`yuyug~m hnugnu xiuvcxmg uitixvn Tn{{m @yv' Vmhia 9' Kyjam` Xyjm` Vmgbbm! Tigfyfyo! fmg Aymu Rnam~m` (oj 8. fn Ocvm Hcbcx Vm`yg 8446 8 Vm`yg Vm`yg Xyjm` Xyjm` Vmgbbm Vmgbbm Tigfyfy Tigfyfyo o Aymu Aymu Rnam~m Rnam~m` ` (oj . 8446 =>6'592 05='92= ==0!94 8445 =00'955 084'242 ==> 8448 =>2'>90 20>'685 ==0!94 844= =2>'<<5 2<4'58> ==0!09 8444 =<6'405 2=6'2== ==0!94 Uyjhix; Hnxc Tyumv Uvmvnuvnom Hcbcx! 8446 Jmu~mxmomv Ngfcgiunm jm~cxnvmu jigbmgyv mbmjm Nuamj! hibnvy kybm figbmg tigfyfyo fn Ocvm Hcbcx jm~cxnvmu hixmbmjm Nuamj' Cai` omxigm nvy! oiumfmxmg fmg oihyvy`mg jmu~mxmomv momg tmgbmg `mama jigkmfn umam` umvy ngfnomvcx jyvy jmomgmg' Uixvnlnomun `mama ~mgb fnjnanon cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg jigkmfn tiaymgb ~mgb hnum jigmxno ocguyjig ~mgb uihmbnmg hiumx jigbmgyv mbmjm Nuamj! fnjmgm jixiom momg jixmum mjmg ygvyo jigbocguyjun txcfyo fmxn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg' 6'6'8'

Angboygbmg Iocgcjn

Oimfmmg iocgcjn uymvy gibmxm umgbmv hixtigbmxy` vix`mfmt ongixkm uymvy tixyum`mmg fmg ngfyuvxn' Hixhmbmn oihnkmomg iocgcjn ~mgb fnhymv uikmo oxnunu iocgcjn tmfm vm`yg =>>2! fnvmjhm` ambn oihnkmomg oigmnomg

`mxbm

Hm`mg

Hmomx

Jng~mo

(HHJ.

hmxy*hmxy

ngn

jigbmonhmvomg tigngbomvmg hnm~m `nfyt ~mgb fnuihmhomg cai` vngbomv nglamun ~mgb uijmong vngbbn! ui`ngbbm jigbyxmgbn fm~m hian jmu~mxmomv' Vmhia < jigygkyoomg hm`rm vngbomv nglamun gmuncgma fn Ngfcgiunm tmfm vm`yg 8446 oijhman jigbmamjn tigngbomvmg uihiumx
6=

Vmhia <' Tixoijhmgbmg Nglamun Gmuncgma Vm`yg Yjyj Hm`mg Jmomgmg 8446 != 844= =8!< =8!4 8444 >!6 6!4 =>>> 8!4 *9!5 =>>0 22!< ==0!6 Uyjhix; Hnxc Tyumv Uvmvnuvno Kmomxvm! 8449 Ocgfnun iocgcjn ngn kybm hixtigbmxy` vix`mfmt yum`m xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv!

vixyvmjm

jijtigbmxy`n

oijmjtymg

tixyum`mmg

fmamj

jigb`munaomg oiygvygbmg' Hnm~m ~mgb fnoiaymxomg cai` tixyum`mmg fmamj tig~ifnmmg hm`mg hmoy txcfyoun jigkmfn uijmong jigngbomv monhmv tigngbomvomg `mxbm ~mgb fnuihmhomg cai` ocgfnun tixiocgcjnmg ummv ngn' Uiamng nvy hnm~m ~mgb `mxyu fnoiaymxomg tixyum`mmg hmbn omx~mrmg kybm jigngbomv! omxigm mfmg~m tigngbomvmg bmkn omx~mrmg' Gmjyg! uikmy` ngn tigngbomvmg hnm~m txcfyoun fmg ctixmuncgma vixuihyv jmun` hnum fnmvmun cai` tixyum`mmg' Ocvm Hcbcx jijnanon hihixmtm fmixm` rnumvm ~mgb xmjmn fnoygkygbn cai` rnumvmrmg! mgvmxm amng Oihyg Xm~m Hcbcx! Nuvmgm Hcbcx! Hmvy Vyanu! fmg fiomv figbmg fmixm` tygemo' Figbmg fijnonmg uvxyovyx iocgcjn Ocvm Hcbcx fnfcjngmun cai` uiovcx tixfmbmgbmg `cvia fmg xiuvcxmg uihiumx 5=) fmg uiovcx ngfyuvxn tigbcam`mg uihiumx 80) (HTU Hcbcx! 8446.' Uiovcx ngn umgbmv fntigbmxy`n cai` kyjam` tigfyfyo fmg fm~m hian jmu~mxmomv' Cai` omxigm nvy Tijixngvm` Fmixm` Ocvm Hcbcx umgbmv jijtix`mvnomg oifym ngfyuvxn ngn' Figbmg fijnonmg! xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn Ocvm Hcbcx vixjmuyo fmamj uiovcx iocgcjn figbmg tixumngbmg ~mgb oivmv' 6'6'5'

Angboygbmg Mamj

Jigngbomvg~m oiumfmxmg fn mgvmxm mgbbcvm jmu~mxmomv momg hnugnu ~mgb xmjm` angboygbmg viam` jijhixnomg hmg~mo tigbmxy` vix`mfmt txcuiu hnugnu' Cai` omxigm nvy! xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uihmbmn hmbnmg fmxn jmu~mxmomv kybm jig~mfmxn mxvn tigvngb fmxn tiaiuvmxnmg angboygbmg

68

uionvmx acomun xiuvcxmg' Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg hixocjnvjig jigkmbm hnugnu ~mgb xmjm` angboygbmg' Tigbmvyxmg tijhymgbmg anjhm` `muna unum yum`m fnvixmtomg ui`ngbbm vnfmo jixyumo angboygbmg uionvmx xiuvcxmg' Tigbmjhnamg umjtm` ngfyuvxn fnhmgvy cai` oixkm umjm figbmg Fngmu Oihixun`mg Ocvm Hcbcx' 6'6'6'

Angboygbmg Viogcacbn

Viogcacbn vixyu hixoijhmgb uinxngb figbmg tixoijhmgbmg {mjmg fmg umgbmv jijtigbmxy`n tixoijhmgbmg uijym kignu ngfyuvxn' Viogcacbn hnum fnbygmomg ygvyo tigbijhmgbmg txcfyo! tigngbomvmg iliovnlnvmu fmg ilnunigun txcuiu txcfyoun! fmg tigbcgvxcamg ctixmuncgma' Cai` omxigm nvy tixyum`mmg `mxyu tiom vix`mfmt tixoijhmgbmg viogcacbn viogcacbn mbmx fmtmv vixyu jigbijhmgbomg txcfyo fmg yum`mg~m' Tn{{m

@yv

Tmfkmkmxmg

viam`

jigbbygmomg

viogcacbn

~mgb

jijtixjyfm` txcuiu txcfyoun fmg unuvij mfjngnuvxmun tixyum`mmg' Tigbbygmmg mamv*mamv emgbbn` ygvyo ctixmun ctixmun uitixvn jiung tijmgbbmgb tijmgbbmgb cvcjmvnu! lxii{ix! e`naaix! fnutiguix! fcyb` tn{{m! fmg viogcacbn tigfyoygb amngg~m viam` umgbmv jijhmgvy ygvyo jigb`munaomg txcfyo ~mgb hixoymanvmu fmg `nbnignu' Unuvij tigbngtyvmg tiumgmg fmg tijhm~mxmg ~mgb vixocjtyvixnumun kybm jijhmgvy jijtixeitmv txcuiu tiam~mgmg fmg ocjygnomun tijiumgmg txcfyo' Jiung lmp fybygmomg ygvyo

jijtixjyfm`

tijngfm`mg

nglcxjmun

fmg

jijtixamgemx

ocjygnomun' Jiung tigfngbng xymgbmg ( mnx ecgfnvncgix. kybm hixbygm ygvyo jijhixnomg oig~mjmgmg hmbn tiamgbbmg fn mxim tiamgbbmg fmg omx~mrmg fn uivnmt mxim ctixmun' 6'6'9'

Angboygbmg Tcanvno fmg @yoyj

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv `mfnx fn Ngfcgiunm figbmg jigixmtomg unuvij rmxmamhm' Cai` omxigm nvy Tn{{m @yv `mxyu jijtix`mvnomg oihnkmomg tijixngvm` gcjcx =< vm`yg =>>2 fmg Oityvyumg Jigvixn Tixngfyuvxnmg fmg Tixfmbmgbmg Xityhano Ngfcgiunm gcjcx 89>#JTT#Oit#2#=>>2! vmgbbma 54 Kyan =>>2' Oihnkmomg fmg oityvyumg jigvixn vixuihyv jigbmvyx vigvmgb oivigvymg yjyj fmg tixmvyxmg tigfnxnmg hnugnu rmxmamhm fn Ngfcgiunm'

65

Uiamng nvy xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uihmbmn hmbnmg fmxn ngfyuvxn oitmxnrnumvmmg kybm `mxyu jijtix`mvnomg oitijnanomg uyxmv n{ng yum`m fmg jmum hixamoyg~m uiuymn figbmg Oityvyumg Jigvixn Oihyfm~mmg fmg Tmxnrnumvm gcjcx Oit4=8#JOT#N\#844= vigvmgb Tifcjmg Yjyj Tixn{ngmg Yum`m Oitmxnrnumvmmg'

6'9'

Mgmanunu Angboygbmg Ngfyuvxn 6'9'='

Mutio @mjhmvmg Jmuyo

Tiaymgb tmumx hmbn hnugnu xiuvcxmg ~mgb jig~ifnmomg `nfmgbmg tigbbmgvn gmun umgbmv vixhyom aymu! ui`ngbbm tiaymgb ngn hmg~mo fnjmglmmvomg ygvyo jijhyom xiuvcxmg hmxy' Fmamj unvymun iocgcjn Ngfcgiunm ummv ngn! tigbijhmgbmg yum`m figbmg unuvij rmxmamhm fnxmumomg jijhixn oiygvygbmg lngmgunma hmbn tmxm tiamoy yum`m xiuvcxmg omxigm vmgtm jigmjhm` ng|iuvmun jcfma ~mgb hiumx fmtmv fnamoyomg tixaymumg kmxngbmg' Ummv ngn ygvyo jijhyom yum`m xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm hyomgam` `ma ~mgb vixamay xyjnv omxigm tijixngvm` viam` jijhymv oihnkmomg vigvmgb rmxmamhm ~mgb jigfyoygb tigbmfmmg yum`m rmxmamhm' Ng|iuvmun jcfma jigigbm` eyoyt ygvyo jijhyom uihym` yum`m xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm' Airmv tigkiamumg fn mvmu fmtmv onvm an`mv hm`rm `mjhmvmg jmuyo hmbn tigfmvmgb hmxy fmamj ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg hyomgam` `ma ~mgb vixamay xyjnv' Hixmxvn mgemjmg fmxn tigfmvmgb hmxy eyoyt hiumx fmamj ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg fn Ocvm Hcbcx! ui`ngbbm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv tixay ygvyo vixyu jigngbomvomg oijmjtymg hixumngbg~m mbmx vnfmo vixianjngmun cai` tigfmvmgb hmxy fmamj angboygbmg hnugnu xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm fn Ocvm Hcbcx' 6'9'8'

Mutio Fm~m Vmrmx Tijmuco

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg uiamjm ngn viam` hioixkm umjm figbmg tijmuco o`yuyu ~mgb viam` fnvivmtomg cai` Tn{{m @yv tyumv fmamj tig~ifnmmg hm`mg hmoy yvmjm txcfyoun! ui`ngbbm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg jijnanon nomvmg vmrmx jigmrmx ~mgb oymv vix`mfmt tijmuco' Gmjyg! ygvyo tig~ifnmmg hihixmtm hm`mg hmoy amng! xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv

66

Tmfkmkmxmg jijnan` tijmuco uigfnxn! ui`ngbbm nomvmg vmrmx jigmrmx vix`mfmt tijmuco vnfmo vixamay oymv' @yhygbmg oixkm umjm ~mgb hmno fmg umangb jigbygvygbomg mgvmxm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg figbmg tijmucog~m umgbmv fntixayomg mbmx tijmuco vnfmo jigmnoomg `mxbm uiuymn oiìgfmog~m' Tmfm fmumxg~m tijmuco hm`mg hmoy eyoyt hmg~mo fn tmumxmg figbmg vngbomv tixumngbmg ~mgb eyoyt oivmv! ui`ngbbm mtmhnam tijmuco kybm vnfmo hnum hioixkm umjm figbmg hmno! jmom Tn{{m @yv hnum umkm jigemxn tijmuco amng ~mgb aihn` uiuymn' 6'9'5'

Mutio Fm~m Vmrmx Tijhian

Tijhian ~mgb fmamj ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg fnoigma uihmbmn tiamgbbmg eyoyt jijnanon oioymvmg vmrmx jigmrmx fmamj tijhianmg' Hmg~mog~m ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg fn Ocvm Hcbcx jig~ihmhomg tiamgbbmg fmtmv figbmg jyfm` hixtngfm` oi txcfyuig amng hmno ~mgb jig~mknomg `nfmgbmg uikignu mvmytyg ~mgb jig~mknomg `nfmgbmg ~mgb vnfmo uikignu' Uiamng nvy! oijyfm`mg fmamj jijtixcai` nglcxjmun jigbigmn `mxbm fmg mvxnhyv txcfyo fmxn jixio amng jig~ihmhomg oivixnomvmg tigkyma figbmg tijhian fmtmv fnomvmomg xigfm`' Oioymvmg vmrmx jigmrmx tijhian ~mgb oymv ngn jigygvyv uivnmt xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv ygvyo jijhixnomg gnamn vixhmno hmbn tiamgbbmg airmv tig~mknmg txcfyo fmg tiam~mgmg ~mgb hixoymanvmu' Tijnan`mg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg ~mgb tmangb vitmv umgbmv fntixayomg cai` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv mbmx jmjty hixumngb fmamj jijtixcai` tix`mvnmg tiamgbbmg! ui`ngbbm hnum jixihyv tmgbum tmumx fmg jijtixoymv jijtixoymv tcunun tixyum`mmg' 6'9'6'

Mutio Oivixuifnmmg Hmxmgb Uyhuvnvyun

Mgemjmg txcfyo uyhuvnvyun hmbn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg mfmam` xiuvcxmg*xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm amng ~mgb jigmrmxomg `nfmgbmg lmuv lccf uitixvn m~mj bcxigb! m~mj exnut~! hyxbix! hmojn! fmg jmomgmg

Kitmgb' Txcfyo uyhuvnvyun ngn jigkmfn mgemjmg hmbn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv omxigm tmfm fmumxg~m oihyvy`mg jmu~mxmomv vix`mfmt xiuvcxmg lmuv lccf mfmam` fnomxigmomg mfmg~m oihyvy`mg vix`mfmt tmgbmg fn aymx xyjm` figbmg hixhmbmn kignu `nfmgbmg! hyomg tmfm kignu `nfmgbmg vixvigvy umkm!

69

fmg uijym txcfyo uyhuvnvyun fn mvmu jijnanon oijmjtymg fmamj jijigy`n oihyvy`mg vixuihyv' 6'9'9'

Mutio Tixumngbmg fmamj Ngfyuvxn

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg hixmfm tmfm tmumx tixumngbmg jcgctcanuvno fnjmgm fnlixigunmun txcfyo mgvmx txcfyuig ~mgb hixmfm fmamj ngfyuvxn eyoyt hiumx' Uiamng hixumngb figbmg xiuvcxmg ~mgb jig~mknomg `nfmgbmg uikignu tn{{m! uiemxm yjyj xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg kybm hixumngb figbmg xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm amng hmno acoma jmytyg mungb ~mgb jig~mknomg kignu `nfmgbmg ~mgb hixhifm' Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg hixumngb figbmg xiuvcxmg Tmtm Xcg„U Tn{{m Hcbcx ~mgb jijnanon `nfmgbmg figbmg kignu ~mgb umjm fmg kybm figbmg jigixmtomg unuvij rmxmamhm' Xiuvcxmg ngn jijnanon oijnxntmg fmamj |mxnmun jigy fmg viogno tig~mknmg jmomgmg! kybm jijnanon tixumjmmg fmamj uibjig tmumx' Gmjyg! xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg jijnanon oiygbbyamg! fnjmgm jixio fmbmgbg~m uyfm` aihn` fnoigma cai` ocguyjig' ^mgb jigkmfn fnaijm mfmam` oihixmfmmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv amngg~m fn Ocvm Hcbcx! o`yuyug~m ~mgb hixacomun fn fmixm` Rmxygb Kmjhy Hcbcx' Acomun vixuihyv vnfmo hibnvy kmy` figbmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! ui`ngbbm jignjhyaomg tixumngbmg fmamj jixihyv tmgbum tmumx' Gmjyg! xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg jijnanon oiygbbyamg omxigm aihn` fyay `mfnx ui`ngbbm oiumfmxmg tiamgbbmg aihn` vngbbn vix`mfmt oihixmfmmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg' Uiamng

xiuvcxmg*xiuvcxmg

tn{{m

vixuihyv!

xiuvcxmg

Tn{{m

@yv

Tmfkmkmxmg kybm hixumngb fmamj jixihyv tmgbum tmumx figbmg xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm amngg~m ~mgb jigmrmxomg jigy `nfmgbmg lmuv lccf ~mgb hixhifm fmg hixacomun vnfmo hibnvy kmy` fmxn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg' Xiuvcxmg*xiuvcxmg vixuihyv mgvmxm amng mfmam` @com*@com Higvc ~mgb ji~mknomg lmuv lccf mam Kitmgb! JeF ~mgb jig~mknomg m~mj bcxigb exnut~! OLE ~mgb kybm jig~mknomg m~mj bcxigb mam Oigvyeo~! Hmojn Kmtcu ~mgb jig~mknomg `nfmgbmg jni! fmg M,R ~mgb jig~mknomg `nfmgbmg Mjixnom fmg hyxbix'

6<

Oi`mfnxmg xiuvcxmg*xiuvcxmg tiumngb ngn jigkmfn uymvy vmgvmgbmg hmbn Tn{{m @yv ygvyo jigngbomvomg oijmjtymg hixumngb uixvm jijtixaymu tmgbum tmumxg~m' Uiamng ygvyo jigb`mfmtn tiumngb fmxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m uikignu! Tn{{m @yv kybm tixay jigb`mfmtn tixumngbmg ~mgb uijmong oivmv fmamj ngfyuvxn tig~ifnmmg tmgbmg fmxn hixhmbmn kignu xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm amng figbmg txcfyo ~mgb hixhifm*hifm' Omxigm nvy Tn{{m @yv jijixayomg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg vixhmno v ixhmno ygvyo jijtixvm`mgomg fmg jigngbomvomg yum`mg~m'

6'<'

Nfigvnlnomun Oioymvmg! Oiaijm`mg! Tiaymgb! fmg Mgemjmg

Hixfmumxomg `muna mgmanunu vix`mfmt angboygbmg ngvixgma fmg angboygbmg iouvixgma tixyum`mmg! jmom fmtmv fnnfigvnlnomun lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jigkmfn oioymvmg (uvxigbvù.! oiaijm`mg ( rimogiuuiu.! tiaymgb ( cttcxvygnvniu.! fmg mgemjmg (v`ximvu. hmbn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg' Figbmg fijnonmg xiuvcxmg hnum jijtixvm`mgomg fmg jigngbomvomg lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jigkmfn oioymvmgg~m! jijtixhmnon

fmg

jigbmvmun

lmovcx*lmovcx

~mgb

jigkmfn

oiaijm`mgg~m!

jijmglmmvomg lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jigkmfn tiaymgb yum`mg~m! fmg jigbmgvnuntmun lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jigkmfn mgemjmg hmbn yum`mg~m! ui`ngbbm tigbijhmgbmg yum`m fmg tigngbomvmg oijmjtymg hixumngb xiuvcxmg fmtmv fnrykyfomg' m' Oioymvmg

=' Jixio fmbmgb ~mgb uyfm` fnoigma hmno! uixvm njmbi uihmbmn xiuvcxmg figbmg utiunlnomun txcfyo hixytm `nfmgbmg tn{{m' 8' Xiuvcxmg ~mgb jigb`munaomg hixhmbmn jmemj |mxnmun tn{{m figbmg xmum ~mgb igmo fmg o`mu! kybm fnfyoygb cai` `nfmgbmg tmuvm! gmun! umamf fmg uyt! uixvm hixhmbmn kignu jngyjmg xngbmg fmg jngyjmg uibmx ' 5' Vixuifnmg~m `mxbm tmoiv ~mgb eyoyt jyxm`' 6' Viogcacbn tigfyoygb ~mgb eyoyt jijmfmn fmg umgbmv jijhmgvy txcuiu txcfyoun' 9' UFJ ~mgb vixamvn` fmamj jigb`munaomg txcfyo ~mgb hixoymanvmu fmg jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg vixhmno hmbn ocguyjig' <' Mouiu hm`mg hmoy ~mgb eyoyt jyfm`'

62

h' Oiaijm`mg

=' Nglcxjmun tmumx ~mgb jmun` oyxmgb' 8' Hnm~m tmkmo ~mgb `mxyu fnoiaymxomg cai` tijhian ygvyo jijhian uivnmt txcfyo fmxn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg' 5' Oitixem~mmg vix`mfmt ongixkm omx~mrmg fn aymx tigbcgvxcamg jmun` oyxmgb' 6' Txcjcun ~mgb jigkiamuomg oihixmfmmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg jmun` oyxmgb! txcjcun ~mgb fnamoyomg jmun` uihmvmu txcjcun txcfyo Tn{{m @yv uiemxm yjyj e' Tiaymgb

=' Acomun xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg ~mgb uvxmvibnu fmg fiomv figbmg tyumv oixmjmnmg' 8' Jigngbomvg~m kyjam` xyjm` vmgbbm fmg kyjam` tigfyfyo fn Ocvm Hcbcx momg jig~ihmhomg jigngbomvg~m oihyvy`mg vix`mfmt ocguyjun tmgbmg' 5' Tixyhm`mg tcam ocguyjun jmu~mxmomv ~mgb aihn` eigfixygb ygvyo jigbocguyjun jmomgmg kmfn' 6' Tixyhm`mg bm~m `nfyt figbmg movn|nvmu aymx xyjm` ~mgb uijmong jigngbomv jig~ihmhomg oihyvy`mg vix`mfmt `nfmgbmg lmuv lccf fmxn xiuvcxmg uijmong jigngbomv' 9' Ocvm Hcbcx jijnanon fmixm` tmxnrnumvm ~mgb uixngb xmjmn fnoygkygbn cai` tmxm rnumvmrmg! hmno fmxn fmamj ocvm ocvm jmytyg fmxn aymx ocvm' f' Mgemjmg

=' Ocgfnun tixiocgcjnmg ~mgb vnfmo uvmhna fmg nglamun ~mgb uijmong jigngbomv hixfmjtmo tmfm hixoyxmgbg~m fm~m hian jmu~mxmomv' 8' Oijyfm`mg hmbn tigfmvmgb hmxy ygvyo jijmuyon ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg fn Ocvm Hcbcx' 5' Oihixmfmmg xiuvcxmg tn{{m tiumngb ~mgb hixacomun vnfmo hibnvy kmy` fmxn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg' 6' Oihixmfmmg xiuvcxmg rmxmamhm amngg~m ~mgb hixacomun vnfmo hibnvy kmy` fmxn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg' 9' Txcfyo uyhuvnvyun ~mgb uijmong hix|mxnmun fmg eyoyt jigmxno jngmv ocguyjig'

60

6'2'

Ocguvxyoun @nxmxon 6'2'='

Uibjig! Vmxbiv fmg Tijcununmg Tixyum`mmmg

Uibjig tmumx vixfnxn fmxn oiacjtco hiumx ~mgb fmtmv fnnfigvnlnomun fmamj uihym` tmumx figbmg oingbngmg! fm~m hian! acomun bicbxmlnu! tixnamoy tijhianmg! fmg oihnmummg tijhianmg ~mgb uixytm uixytm (Ocvaix! 8444.' Uibjig tmumx xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg mfmam` jmu~mxmomv tixocvmmg! figbmg bcacgbmg tigfmtmvmg jigigbm` fmg jigigbm` oi mvmu! uixvm jijnanon jngmv ygvyo jigbocguyjun jmomgmg unmt umkn fmxn xiuvcxmg' Vmxbiv tmumx fmxn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg mfmam` jmu~mxmomv Ocvm Hcbcx fmg tigbygkygb ~mgb fmvmgb oi Ocvm Hcbcx! uixvm jijnanon jngmv ygvyo jigbocguyjun jmomgmg fn aymx tmgbmg tcoco! uitixvn tn{{m' Uifmgbomg tijcununmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg umjm figbmg tijcununmg uijym xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fn Ngfcgiunm! ~mnvy jigbbygmomg tcunvncgngb ‑Bccf Lxnigfu! Bximv Tn{{m‚' Figbmg fijnonmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv jijtcununomg fnxng~m uihmbmn xiuvcxmg ~mgb hixum`mhmv ~mgb hnum fnmxvnomg figbmg jijhixnomg uymumgm ~mgb g~mjmg fmg tigy` oixmjm` vmjm`mg fmg kybm uihmbmn xiuvcxmg tn{{m ~mgb jijhixnomg tn{{m ~mgb ìhmv ~mgb hnum fnmxvnomg figbmg jijhixnomg tn{{m figbmg xmum ~mgb tmuvn ai{mv' Uvxmvibn tijcununmg txcfyo hixbygm ygvyo jijtcununomg txcfyo uiemxm vitmv fn higmo ocguyjig' Lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n fmamj tijnan`mg uvxmvibn tijcununmg txcfyo mfmam`; =' Txcfyo (tijcununmg txcfyo fn tmumx hixfmumxomg higvyo txcfyo! tig~mknmg txcfyo! oymanvmu txcfyo! omxmovix txcfyo! fmg |mxnmun txcfyo.' 8' @mxbm (tijcununmg txcfyo fn tmumx hixfmumxomg `mxbm fmxn txcfyo fn tmumx.' 5' Tijmomn txcfyo (tijcununmg txcfyo fn tmumx hixfmumxomg uyh~io mvmy ocguyjig ~mgb hnum jigbocguyjun txcfyo vixuihyv.' 6' Oiamu txcfyo (tijcununmg txcfyo fn tmumx hixfmumxomg kignu txcfyo fmg oiamu txcfyo ~mgb fnvmrmxomg.'

6>

9' Tiumngb

(tijcununmg

txcfyo

fn

tmumx

uihmbmn

ximoun

ygvyo

jijhmgfngbomg txcfyo vix`mfmt txcfyo tiumngb.' Mfm fym mavixgmvnl uvxmvibn ~mgb hnum fnbygmomg fmamj tijcununmg txcfyo! ~mnvy Ungbai Higilnv Tcunvncgngb Uvxmvib~ fmg Jyavn Higilnv Tcunvncgngb Uvxmvib~' Ungbai Higilnv Tcunvncgngb Uvxmvib~ mfmam` uvxmvibn

tigigvymg tcunun txcfyo fn tmumx figbmg jmglmmv vygbbma! uifmgbomg Jyavn Higilnv Tcunvncgngb Uvxmvib~ mfmam` uvxmvibn tigigvymg tcunun

txcfyo fn tmumx figbmg fym jmglmmv mvmy aihn`' @nxmon uvxmvibn tijcununmg txcfyo fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx 0' Lcoyu

Tijcununmg Tn{{m @yv

Lmovcx

Txcfyo

Mavixgmvnl

Ungbai Higilnv Tcunvncgngb Uvxmvib~

@mxbm

Tijmomn Txcfyo

Oiamu Txcfyo

Tiumngb

Jyavn Higilnv Higilnv Tcunvncgngb Tcunvncgngb Uvxmvib~

Bmjhmx 0' @nxmxon uvxmvibn tijcununmg txcfyo 6'2'8'

Tigbijhmgbmg Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg

Tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn fnjyamn figbmg uvxmvibn vnmt*vnmt ocjtcgig hmyxmg tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg' Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uihmbmn kignu yum`m kmum jijnanon anjm oxnvixnm ocjtcgig hmyxmg tijmumxmg ~mgb tmangb tcoco! ~mnvy txcjcun! `mxbm! txcfyo! fnuvxnhyun! fmg uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm' Jmungb*jmungb hmyxmg jijnanon vmovno vixuigfnxn ygvyo jigemtmn vykymg tixyum`mmg' Hmyxmg txcjcun mfmam` vigvmgb hmbmnjmgm ocjygnomun tijmumxmg ygvyo jijtixoigmaomg txcfyo fmg jmglmmv txcfyo oitmfm ocguyjig uixvm jijhykyo ocguyjig ygvyo jijhian txcfyo' Hmyxmg `mxbm jigemoyt tigigvymg `mxbm kyma txcfyo fn tmumxmg figbmg jijtixvnjhmgbomg lmovcx oiygvygbmg! hnm~m txcfyoun! fmg `mxbm tiumngb' Hmyxmg angn txcfyo mfmam` hmbmnjmgm tixyum`mmg fmamj jiamoyomg

tigbijhmgbmg

txcfyo

fmg

oymanvmu

txcfyo!

ygvyo

94

jigngbomvomg tigkymamg fmg jigemtmn oiygbbyamg hixumngb' Hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun jixytmomg tigbcxbmgnumunmg oibnmvmg tig~mjtmnmg txcfyo oitmfm ocguyjig' Uifmgbomg hmyxmg uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm (ufj. jijtixan`mvomg vigvmgb hmbmnjmgm tixmgmg UFJ fmamj jijhmgvy tigemtmnmg vykymg fmxn cxbmgnumun cxbmgnumun tixyum`mmg' Tigigvymg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg jixytmomg ytm~m ygvyo jigemtmn vnbm vykymg ~mgb ngbng fnemtmn cai` tixyum`mmg' Oivnbm vykymg vixuihyv mfmam` jigngbomvomg |cayji tigkymamg ~mgb fnngfnomunomg figbmg vcvma tigkymamg tixyum`mg fmxn vm`yg oi vm`yg! jigngbomvomg tixvyjhy`mg tmgbum tmumx ~mgb fng~mvmomg fmxn hmbnmg tmumx ~mgb hix`muna fntixcai` tixyum`mmg fmxn oiuiayxy`mg tmumx ngfyuvxn! fmg jigngbomvomg txclnvmhnanvmu ~mgb fng~mvmomg fmamj xmunc oiygvygbmg vix`mfmt tigkymamg' Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg

Lcoyu

Lmovcx

Vykymg

Oxnvixnm

Ocgfnun Lngmgunma Tixyum`mmg

Ocjtcgig Jmgmkijig Kmum

Jigngbomvomg \cayji Tigkymamg

Hmyxmg Txcjcun

Hmyxmg Angn Txcfyo

Unomt Ocguyjig

Tiumngb

Omtmunvmu Tixyum`mmg

Jigngbomvomg Tixvyjhy`mg Tmgbum Tmumx

Tigivmtmg Hmyxmg @mxbm

Ocgfnun Ucunma! Iocgcjn fmg Tcanvno

Jigngbomvomg Txclnvmhnanvmu

Hmyxmg Fnuvxnhyun

Hmyxmg UFJ

Bmjhmx >' @nxmxon uvxmvibn tijmumxmg

Lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb hixtigbmxy` fmamj tigigvymg oxnvixnm hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg fnoiacjtcoomg oi fmamj lmovcx ngvixgma fmg lmovcx iouvixgma' Lmovcx ngvixgma vixfnxn fmxn |mxnmhia*|mxnmhia ~mgb fmtmv jigkmfn oioymvmg mvmytyg jigkmfn oiaijm`mg tixyum`mmg fmg fmtmv

9=

fnoigfmanomg cai` tixyum`mmg' Uifmgbomg lmovcx iouvixgma vixfnxn fmxn |mxnmhia*|mxnmhia ~mgb fmtmv jigkmfn tiaymgb mvmytyg jigkmfn mgemjmg hmbn tixyum`mmg fmg vnfmo fmtmv fnoigfmanomg cai` tixyum`mmg' Hixfmumxomg mgmanunu vix`mfmt tixyum`mmg fmg angboygbmg yum`m xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! jmom fntixcai` lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n fmamj tigigvymg oxnvixnm hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg ygvyo xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg' Lmovcx*lmovcx ngvixgma ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n fmamj tigigvymg oxnvixnm hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg mgvmxm amng mfmam` ocgfnun lngmgunma tixyum`mmg! omtmunvmu tixyum`mmg! fmg ocjtcgig hmyxmg jmgmkijig kmum' Ocgfnun lngmgunma tixyum`mmg jixytmomg oijmjtymg oiymgbmg tixyum`mmg mvmy hiumxg~m fmgm ~mgb vixuifnm ygvyo movn|nvmu tijmumxmg' Omtmunvmu tixyum`mmg jixytmomg hiumxg~m oijmjtymg fmg lmunanvmu ~mgb vixuifnm ~mgb fnjnanon cai` tixyum`mmg ygvyo movn|nvmu tijmumxmg' Uifmgbomg ocjtcgig jmgmkijig kmum jigemoyt iaijig txcfyo! rmovy fmg vijtmv! txcuiu! txcfyovn|nvmu fmg oymanvmu! cxmgb! txcjcun fmg ifyomun! hyovn lnuno! `mxbm! fmg hnm~m kmum amngg~m! ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n tixigemgmmg fmg tiamoumgmmg tiamoumgmmg oibnmvmg tijmumxmg uiemxm vixoccxfngmun' vixoccxfngmun' Lmovcx*lmovcx iouvixgma ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n fmamj tigigvymg oxnvixnm hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg mgvmxm amng mfmam` unomt ocguyjig! tiumngb! uixvm ocgfnun iocgcjn! ucunma! fmg tcanvno' Unomt ocguyjig mfmam` jigbigmn hmbmnjmgm ocguyjig hixiomun vix`mfmt txcfyo ~mgb fnvygkyoomg cai` tixnamoy ocguyjig fmg hmbmnjmgm ocguyjig jijtixcai` oitymumg momg gnamn ~mgb fn`mxmtomg fmxn txcfyo' Tiumngb jixytmomg ximoun fmxn unuvij tijmumxmg ~mgb fnkmamgomg fmg jijtixonxmomg movn|nvmu tixamrmgmg ~mgb fnhixnomg' Ocgfnun iocgcjn jigemoyt unoayu hnugnu! nglamun! uyoy hygbm! ng|iuvmun! vngbomv `mxbm! txcfyovn|nvmu fmg vigmbm oixkm' Ocgfnun ucunma jigemoyt unomt! bm~m `nfyt! mfmv*nuvnmfmv! fmg oihnmummg jmu~mxmomv fn uionvmx angboygbmg tixyum`mmg' Fmg ocgfnun tcanvno mfmam` uitixvn ygfmgb*ygfmgb (YY. angboygbmg! YY oivigmbm oixkmmg! YY rmxmamhm! unuvij tixtmkmomg! uvmhnanvmu tijixngvm`! tixmvyxmg oimjmgmg fmg oiui`mvmg oixkm'

98

@nxmxon tig~yuyg tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx >' 6'2'5'

Hmyxmg Txcjcun

Hmyxmg txcjcun mfmam` vigvmgb hmbmnjmgm ocjygnomun tijmumxmg ygvyo jijtixoigmaomg txcfyo fmg jmglmmv txcfyo oitmfm ocguyjig uixvm jijhykyo ocguyjig ygvyo jijhian txcfyo' Hmyxmg txcjcun fnxmgemgb figbmg vykymg ji~mongomg ocguyjig vix`mfmt txcfyo! jiamayn tig~mjtmnmg tiumg txcfyo ~mgb higmx fmg jigmgmjomg tiumg vixuihyv fn fmamj higmo ocguyjig ygvyo kmgbom tmgkmgb' @nxmxon tig~yuyg tigbijhmgbmg tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg txcjcun fmtmv fnan`mv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx =4' Lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n fmamj tig~yuygmg `nxmxon hmyxmg txcjcun tixyum`mmg mfmam` lmovcx txcfyo! lmovcx tmumx! lmovcx tiamgbbmg! lmovcx mgbbmxmg! fmg lmovcx hmyxmg tijmumxmg' Lmovcx txcfyo fmamj tigigvymg hmyxmg txcjcun jiantyvn unlmv txcfyo! oymanvmu txcfyo! oiygbbyamg txcfyo! fmg oivm`mgmg txcfyo' Lmovcx tmumx jiantyvn tcunun txcfyo fmamj fmyx `nfyt txcfyo! tmgbum tmumx! ocguigvxmun ngfyuvxn! ngvigunvmu ocjtivnun! fmg bmjhmxmg tixjngvmmg' Lmovcx tiamgbbmg jiantyvn tiamgbbmg xyjm` vmgbbm#tiamgbbmg hnugnu! oymgvnvmu tiamgbbmg! fmg ocguigvxmun tiamgbbmg' Lmovcx mgbbmxmg jigemoyt uyjhix fm~m oiymgbmg tixyum`mmg' Uifmgbomg lmovcx hmyxmg tijmumxmg jiantyvn `mxbm xiamvnl#oymanvmu xiamvnl! uvxmvibn fnuvxnhyun! hxmgf anli e~eai! emoytmg tmumx! fmg tigbiacammg uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm (UFJ.'

95

Hmyxmg Txcjcun

Lcoyu

Lmovcx

Txcfyo

Tmumx

Oxnvixnm

Tixnoamgmg

Tiamgbbmg

Txcjcun Tigkymamg

Uiaioun Jifnm

Tigkymamg Txnhmfn

Tijmumxmg Amgbuygb

Am~mgmg Tiamgbbmg

Mgbbmxmg

Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg

Ocjygnomun Txnhmfn

@yhygbmg Jmu~m* xmomv

Fnuocg Kmgbom Tigfio

Tyhanomun

Oytcg# |cyeìx

Tmoiv @mxbm

Oibnmvmg Tiam~mgmg Jmu~mxmomv Jifnm Nfigvnvmu

Bmjhmx =4' @nxmxon hmyxmg txcjcun

Fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg txcjcun tixyum`mmg! mfm ijtmv oxnvixnm ~mgb jijygbongomg ygvyo fnamoyomg cai` tixyum`mmg! ~mnvy tixnoamgmg! ocjygnomun txnhmfn! txcjcun tigkymamg! fmg `yhygbmg jmu~mxmomv' Tixnoamgmg jixytmomg higvyo tig~mknmg fmg txcjcun nfi hmxmgb fmg kmum uiemxm gcg*tixucgma ygvyo jigbnglcxjmunomg! jigfnfno! fmg jijhykyo myfnigu umumxmg' Ocjygnomun txnhmfn jixytmomg tixvijymg mgvmx txnhmfn figbmg vmvmt jyom ygvyo jigfnfno tiamgbbmg fmg jijtxcjcunomg txilixigun ygvyo jixio mvmy txcfyo vixvigvy' Txcjcun tigkymamg jixytmomg oyjtyamg mamv*mamv ngvigunl ~mgb hixmbmj! uihmbnmg hiumx hixkmgbom tigfio! fnxmgemgb ygvyo jigfcxcgb tijhianmg uymvy txcfyo#kmum vixvigvy uiemxm aihn` eitmv fmg#mvmy aihn` hiumx cai` ocguyjig' Uifmgbomg `yhygbmg jmu~mxmomv jixytmomg hixhmbmn txcbxmj ~mgb fnxmgemgb cai` tixyum`mmg ygvyo jigyjhyòmg nvnomf

96

hmno vix`mfmt tixyum`mmg fn jmvm ngfn|nfy fmg oiacjtco jmu~mxmomv hixoitigvngbmg' Uivnmt oxnvixnm vixuihyv jijnanon uyh oxnvixnm mvmy aihn` kiamug~m vmovno jmungb*jmungb jmungb*jmungb oxnvixnm fmamj tigixmtmgg~m' Ygvyo tixnoamgmg hnum fnamoyomg figbmg vmovno uiaioun jifnm fmg vmovno tijmumxmg amgbuygb' Vmovno uiaioun jifnm fnamoyomg figbmg jijhymv noamg airmv jifnm unmxmg (viai|nun mvmy xmfnc.! jifnm eivmo (ocxmg! jmkmam`! mvmy vmhacnf.! fmg jifnm aymx xymgb (tcuvix! xioamji! tiumg iaiovxcgno! fmg hmòmg hyu.' Uifmgbomg vmovno tijmumxmg amgbuygb fnamoyomg figbmg ocjygnomun umvy mxm` oitmfm uikyjam` tiamgbbmg umumxmg jiamayn uyxmv! lmou! viaitcg! mvmy i*jmna' Ygvyo ocjygnomun txnhmfn hnum fnamoyomg figbmg vmovno tigkymamg txnhmfn fmg am~mgmg am~ mgmg tiamgbbmg' Vmovno tigkymamg txnhmfn fnamoyomg airmv ocjygnomun fym mxm` mgvmxm omx~mrmg kmum figbmg tiamgbbmg ~mgb fnxmgemgb ygvyo amgbuygb jijtigbmxy`n txcuiu tijhianmg' Uifmgbomg vmovno am~mgmg tiamgbbmg fnamoyomg airmv tig~ifnmmg iaijig*iaijig kmum tiaigbomt cai` omx~mrmg ~mgb vnfmo uiemxm o`yuyu fnvybmuomg fmamj tigkymamg' Ygvyo txcjcun tigkymamg hnum fnamoyomg figbmg vmovno fnuocg kmgbom tigfio! tijhixnmg oytcg#|cyeìx! fmg mfmg~m `mxbm tmoiv' Fnuocg kmgbom tigfio jixytmomg vmrmxmg o`yuyu hixytm tcvcgbmg `mxbm tijhianmg uiamjm oyxyg rmovy vixvigvy' Oytcg#|cyeìx jixytmomg vmrmxmg vixvyanu ygvyo jijtixcai` txcfyo vixvigvy uiemxm bxmvnu mvmy figbmg `mxbm fnuocg' Uifmgbomg tmoiv `mxbm jixytmomg tigbìjmvmg fmxn `mxbm hnmum figbmg jijhian txcfyo ~mgb viam` fntmoivomg' Ygvyo `yhygbmg jmu~mxmomv hnum fnamoyomg figbmg vmovno tyhanomun! vmovno oibnmvmg tiam~mgmg jmu~mxmomv! fmg vmovno jifnm nfigvnvmu' Tyhanomun mfmam` ytm~m jigkmgbomy fmg jijtigbmxy`n tmumx umumxmg figbmg jijtyhanomunomg amtcxmg vm`ygmg! hxcuyx! mxvnoia! amtcxmg hixomam! fmg jmkmam` tixyum`mmg' Oibnmvmg tiam~mgmg jmu~mxmomv fmtmv jigngbomvomg envxm hmno tixyum`mmg fn jmvm jmu~mxmomv figbmg jijhixnomg ymgb fmg rmovy figbmg gnmv hmno' Uifmgbomg jifnm

99

nfigvnvmu mfmam` ytm~m tixyum`mmg jigentvmomg nfigvnvmu |nuyma mbmx fnoigman jmu~mxmomv! uitixvn acbc tixyum`mmg! hxcuyx! vmgfm! lcxjyanx! mamv vyanu! omxvy hnugnu! hmgbygmg! fmg tmomnmg' 6'2'6'


@nxmxon tig~yuyg tigbijhmgbmg tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx ==' Vixfmtmv igmj lmovcx ~mgb hixtigbmxy` fmamj jigigvyomg tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm txcfyo cai` tixyum`mmg' Oiigmj lmovcx vixuihyv mfmam`; =' Cxnigvmun tigfmtmvmg (tixyum`mmg hixyum`m jigemtmn uyxtayu uihiumx jygbong fmg jigyvytn uijym hnm~m.' 8' Cxnigvmun omtmunvmu (tixyum`mmg jijmglmmvomg omtmunvmu txcfyoun uihmno jygbong ygvyo jijmuvnomg oiuinjhmgbmg mgvmxm tixjngvmmg figbmg tigmrmxmg.' 5' Cxnigvmun

tixjngvmmg

(tixyum`mmg

hixyum`m

jijmounjyjomg

tixjngvmmg! jigbigman oijmjtymg hian ~mgb hix|mxnmun! hix|mxnmun! jigmrmxomg jivcfi tijhm~mxmg ~mgb jijygbongomg tigngbomvmg tigkymamg.' 6' Hnm~m (tixyum`mmg jigbmnvomg mgvmxm `mxbm ~mgb momg fnoigmomg figbmg hnm~m txcfyoun! hnm~m tig~ixm`mg! uixvm hnm~m tijmumxmg txcfyo.' 9' Tixumngbmg (tixyum`mmg jijtix`mvnomg tixhmgfngbmg `mxbm figbmg `mxbm ~mgb fnoigmomg tiumngb.' <' Gnamn hmbn tiamgbbmg (tixyum`mmg jigbmey tmfm hixmtm tixonxmmg `mxbm ~mgb hixuifnm fnhm~mxomg cai` tiamgbbmg ygvyo gnamn ~mgb jixiom ~mongn momg jixiom vixnjm.' Oxnvixnm fmamj tigbijhmgbmg tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm mfmam` tigivmtmg `mxbm ygvyo jigbyxmgbn oivnfmotmuvnmg fmg tigivmtmg `mxbm hixfmumxomg

`yhygbmg

figbmg

tiamgbbmg'

Oxnvixnm

jigbyxmgbn

oivnfmotmuvnmg jixytmomg tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm ~mgb hixyum`m ygvyo jijngnjmanumun xiunoc ~mgb vixomnv figbmg tijhianmg kmum' Uifmgbomg oxnvixnm hixfmumxomg `yhygbmg figbmg tiamgbbmg mfmam` tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm figbmg vykymg ygvyo jijhngm fmg jigkmbm `yhygbmg kmgbom tmgkmgb figbmg tiamgbbmg'

9<

Lcoyu

Lmovcx


Cxnigvmun Tigfmtmvmg

Oxnvixnm

Cxnigvmun Omtmunvmu

Cxnigvmun Tixjngvmmg

@mxbm Jigbyxmgbn Oivnfmotmuvnmg

Hnm~m

Tixumngbmg

Gnamn Hmbn Tiamgbbmg

@mxbm Hixfmumxomg @yhygbmg figbmg Tiamgbbmg

Tigivmtmg @mxbm Hixfmumxomg Jmglmmv

Jigyxygomg @mxbm

Tigivmtmg @mxbm Hixvmxnl Vivmt

Tigmrmxmg @mxbm Utiunma

Bmjhmx ==' @nxmxon tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm

Ygvyo oxnvixnm jigbyxmgbn oivnfmotmuvnmg mfm fym uyh oxnvixnm mvmytyg aihn` kiamug~m vmovno! ~mnvy tigivmtmg `mxbm hixfmumxomg jmglmmv fmg tigivmtmg `mxbm figbmg vmxnl vivmt' Tigivmtmg `mxbm hixfmumxomg jmglmmv jixytmomg vmovno tigivmtmg `mxbm ~mgb jigbmnvomg `mxbm figbmg jmglmmv ~mgb fnemxn tiamgbbmg oivnom jigbbygmomg kmum vixuihyv' Uifmgbomg tigivmtmg `mxbm hixvmxnl vivmt jixytmomg vmovno jigigvyomg `mxbm ~mgb vivmt ygvyo uijym ocgfnun uihiayj fnamoyomg tig~ixm`mg kmum' Fmamj tigixmtmg oxnvixnm hixfmumxomg `yhygbmg figbmg tiamgbbmg kybm vixfmtmv fym vmovno ~mgb hnum fnamoyomg cai` tixyum`mmg! ~mnvy vmovno jigyxygomg `mxbm fmg vmovno tigmrmxmg `mxbm utiunma' Vmovno jigyxygomg `mxbm fnamoyomg figbmg jigyxygomg `mxbm kyma txcfyo#kmum ygvyo jigmxno jngmv tiamgbbmg' Uifmgbomg vmovno tigmrmxmg `mxbm utiunma fnamoyomg figbmg jijhixnomg tcvcgbmg `mxbm oitmfm ocguyjig ~mgb jiamoyomg tijhianmg tmfm txcfyo*txcfyo vixvigvy'

92

6'2'9'

Hmyxmg Angn Txcfyo'

Hmyxmg angn txcfyo mfmam` hmyxmg tixyum`mmg fmamj jiamoyomg tigbijhmgbmg txcfyo fmg oymanvmu txcfyo! ygvyo jigngbomvomg tigkymamg fmg jigemtmn oiygbbyamg hixumngb' @nxmxon tig~yuyg tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg angn txcfyo fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx Bmjhmx =8' Lcoyu

Lmovcx

Oxnvixnm

Hmyxmg Angn Txcfyo

Ng|iuvmun Jcfma

Tixoijhmgbmg Viogcacbn

Tixigvmgbmg Angn Txcfyo

Mouiu Hnm~m fmg Hm`mgHmoy

Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm

Tigbnunmg Angn Txcfyo

Tium* ngb

Jcfixgnumun Angn Txcfyo

Bmjhmx =8' @nxmxon hmyxmg angn txcfyo

Tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg txcfyo ngn jianhmvomg hihixmtm lmovcx hixtigbmxy`! ~mnvy ng|iuvmun jcfma (hiumxg~m jcfma ~mgb fnvmgmjomg ygvyo tigbijhmgbmg angn txcfyo.! tixoijhmgbmg viogcacbn (viogcacbn ~mgb jigygkmgb tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn angn txcfyo.! mouiu hnm~m fmg hm`mg hmoy (oivixuifnmmg hnm~m fmg hm`mg hmoy ygvyo tigbijhmgbmg angn txcfyo.! uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm (vigmbm jmgyunm ~mgb jijigy`n oymanvmu fmg omtmunvmu uixvm lmunanvmu tixyum`mmg ~mgb jigfyoygb tigbijhmgbmg angn txcfyo.! fmg tiumngb (ximoun tiumngb fmamj tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn angn txcfyo.' Vixfmtmv vnbm oxnvixnm ~mgb hnum hnum fnamoyomg fmamj tigbijhmgbmg tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg angn txcfyo! ~mnvy; =' Tixigvmgbmg Angn Txcfyo Oxnvixnm angn txcfyo figbmg jigbmgiomxmbmjomg txcfyo fmamj `ma yoyxmg! `mxbm! |mxnmun xmum fmg kignu' 8' Tigbnunmg Angn Txcfyo

90

Oxnvixnm angn txcfyo figbmg jijtixhmg~mo ygnv txcfyo fmg jmun` fmamj xigvmgb angn ~mgb umjm' 5' Jcfixgnumun Angn Txcfyo Oxnvixnm angn txcfyo figbmg jijtixhmnon unlmv txcfyo fmamj angn txcfyo ~mgb mfm ygvyo ygvyo tig~ijtyxgmmg txcfyo' txcfyo' 6'2'<'

Hmyxmg Fnuvxnhyun

Hmyxmg

fnuvxnhyun

tig~mjtmnmg

txcfyo

jixytmomg oitmfm

tigbcxbmgnumunmg

ocguyjig'

@nxmxon

oibnmvmg tig~yuyg

tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx =5' Lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun mfmam` lmovcx vijtmv tmumx (tijnan`mg acomun ~mgb vitmv fmg uvxmvibnu ygvyo jijtixjyfm` tigkmgbomymg ocguyjig.! lmovcx omxmovix txcfyo (vngbomv tixtyvmxmg txcfyo! uvmgfmx oymanvmu txcfyo! oihyvy`mg tiam~mgmg! fmg yjyx txcfyo.! fmg lmovcx vngbomv tigbcgvxcamg vix`mfmt txcfyo (oijyfm`mg tigbmrmumg fnuvxnhyun ~mgb jigygkmgb fmamj tigbcgvxcamg oymanvmu txcfyo.' txcfyo.'

Lcoyu

Hmyxmg Fnuvxnhyun

Lmovcx

Vijtmv Tmumx

Oxnvixnm

Fnuvxnhyun fn Vijtmv ( Fngi Fngi Ng.

Omxmovix Txcfyo

Fnuvxnhyun Fnhmrm Tyamgb (Vmoi Mrm~.

Vngbomv Tigbcgvxcamg

Fnuvxnhyun Tiumg Mgvmx ( Fian|ix~ Fian|ix~.

Bmjhmx =5' @nxmxon hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uihmbmn yum`m ~mgb hixbixmo fmamj ngfyuvxn tmgbmg fmtmv jigbbygmomg vnbm oxnvixnm tigfnuvxnhyunmg txcfyo ~mgb jijygbongomg ygvyo yum`mg~m! ~mnvy;

9>

=' Fnuvxnhyun fn Vijtmv ( Fngi Ng. Tig~ixm`mg! tijmglmmvmg! fmg tiam~mgmg vix`mfmt txcfyo kmum xiuvcxmg fnamoyomg fn acomun xiuvcxmg' 8' Fnuvxnhyun Fnhmrm Tyamgb (Vmoi Mrm~. Tig~ixm`mg fmg tiam~mgmg tijiumgmg txcfyo kmum xiuvcxmg fn xiuvcxmg ygvyo fnocguyjun fn aymx acomun xiuvcxmg' 5' Fnuvxnhyun Tiumg Mgvmx ( Fian|ix~ Uix|nei. Tijiumgmg txcfyo kmum xiuvcxmg airmv viaitcg ygvyo fnmgvmxomg oi mamjmv tijiumg' 6'2'2'

Hmyxmg Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm (UFJ.

Hmyxmg uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm jijtixan`mvomg vigvmgb hmbmnjmgm tixmgmg UFJ fmamj jijhmgvy tigemtmnmg vykymg fmxn cxbmgnumun tixyum`mmg' Uvxmvibn UFJ umgbmv fntixayomg fmamj tig~mjtmnmg txcfyo kmum' Omxigm airmv UFJ ~mgb jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg jmom ocguyjig hnum jixmumomg oihixmfmmg fmxn txcfyo kmum vixuihyv' @nxmxon tig~yuyg tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg UFJ fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Bmjhmx =6' Lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg UFJ mgvmxm amng mfmam`; =' Uvmgfmxnumun Tixyum`mmg Uvmgfmx*uvmgfmx momfijno!

tigixnjmmg

omx~mrmg!

jigemoyt

fmg

oiui`mvmg

lnuno!

uixvm

oximvnlnvmu

omx~mrmg

~mgb

ygbbya

tigmjtnamg

oijmjtymg oieixfmumg

ijcuncgma' 8' Txcfyovn|nvmu Oijmjtymg

fmg

ui`ngbbm

jigngbomvomg oijmjtymg txcfyoun (txcfyovn|nvmu. tixyum`mmg' 5' Txcuiu Txcfyoun Uvmgfmx unuvij oixkm ~mgb `mxyu fnamoyomg fmamj txcfyoun fmg tig~ixm`mg txcfyo' 6' Oigfman Jyvy Tigbmrmumg vix`mfmt jyvy txcfyo ~mgb fn`munaomg cai` ongixkm omx~mrmg fmg uiuymn figbmg gnamn ~mgb fnngbngomg cai` tiamgbbmg' 9' Ocjtigumun Omx~mrmg

<4

Tijhixnmg ytm` oixkm oitmfm omx~mrmg ~mgb uiuymn fmg vnfmo jig~mam`n YJX (Ytm` Jngnjyj Xibncgma.' <' Oihnkmomg Jmgmkijig Oijmjtymg tixyum`mmg fmamj jijhixnomg umgoun hmbn omx~mrmg ~mgb jiamoyomg oiumam`mg! kybm fmamj jijhixnomg oiuijtmvmg kigkmgb omxnx hmbn omx~mrmg ~mgb ~mgb hixtxiuvmun' Fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg UFJ ygvyo jigfyoygb fmamj tigemtmnmg vykymg tixyum`mmg mfm hihixmtm oxnvixnm ~mgb hnum fnamoyomg cai` tixyum`mmg! ~mnvy; =' Tixioxyvmg fmg Tig~iaiounmg Omx~mrmg Oxnvixnm ygvyo jixioxyv fmg jig~iaioun omx~mrmg ~mgb jijnanon oieixfmumg momfijnu fmg oieixfmumg ijcun ~mgb hmng! uixvm jijnanon tigmjtnamg fmg fmg oiui`mvmg lnuno ~mgb jigfyoygb' 8' Tiamvn`mg Omx~mrmg Oxnvixnm ygvyo jijhixn oiumfmxmg fmg oivixmjtnamg vix`mfmt omx~mrmg jigbigmn uvmgfmx oixkm fmg txcuifyx oixkm ~mgb fnvixmtomg cai` tixyum`mmg' 5' Jcvn|mun Omx~mrmg Oxnvixnm ~mgb jigfcxcgb omx~mrmg ygvyo jijtixhmnon ongixkmg~m fmg hixytm~m jixmn` txiuvmun fmamj hioixkm omxigm mfmg~m oiuijtmvmg ygvyo jijtixcai` hcgyu bmkn fmg#mvmy kigkmgb omxnx ~mgb aihn` vngbbn' Lcoyu

Lmovcx

Oxnvixnm

Hmyxmg UFJ

Uvmgfmxnumun Tixyum`mmg

Txcfyo* vn|nvmu

Tixioxyvmg fmg Tig~iaiounmg Omx~mrmg

Txcuiu Txcfyoun

Oigfman Jyvy

Tiamvn`mg Omx~mrmg

Ocjtigumun Omx~mrmg

Oihnkmomg Jmgmkijig

Jcvn|mun Omx~mrmg

Bmjhmx =6' @nxmxon hmyxmg uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm

<=

6'0'

Mgmanunu Txncxnvmu Uvxmvibn

@nxmxon ~mgb viam` fnuyuyg fnhigvyo jigkmfn jmvxnou hmgfngb hixtmumgbmg fnjmgm tmumgbmg*tmumgbmg iaijig fnhmgfngbomg hixoigmmg figbmg uymvy oxnvixnm fn vngbomv aihn` vngbbn (Ummv~! =>>5.' Oijyfnmg fnamoyomg tignamnmg figbmg jijhmgfngbomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg mvmy txncxnvmu mgvmxm umvy iaijig figbmg iaijig amng ~mgb hixmfm fmamj vngbomv mvmy ai|ia ~mgb umjm hixfmumxomg tixvnjhmgbmg vixvigvy' Tignamnmg vix`mfmt lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n tijnan`mg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg tn{{m fnamoyomg figbmg tigbnunmg oyiuncgix T@M' Tignamnmg fmxn tn`mo ngvixgma fnamoyomg cai` vyky` xiutcgfig ~mgb vixfnxn fmxn Xiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix! fym cxmgb Muunuvmgv Xiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix (MXJ. ! ! vnbm cxmgb U`nlv Aimfix ! fmg uicxmgb jmgvmg MXJ Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg! ui`ngbbm jmvxnou

oyiuncgix ~mgb fntixcai` mfmam` jmvxnou tigfmtmv bmhygbmg' Gmjyg! uiviam` fnamoyomg ykn ocgunuvigun figbmg hmgvymg txcbxmj Iptixv E`cnei! fmxn oivyky` xiutcgfig vixuihyv mfm fym xiutcgfig ~mgb vnfmo ocgunuvig! ui`ngbbm vnfmo fnuixvmomg tmfm tigbcam`mg tignamnmg uiamgkyvg~m' Uihmbmn tijhmgfngb kybm fnamoyomg tignamnmg fmxn tn`mo iouvixgma cai` jmgmkix xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P! ui`ngbbm jmvxnou oyiuncgix ~mgb fntixcai` ygvyo tijhmgfngb mfmam` jmvxnou tigfmtmv ngfn|nfy' @muna tigbnunmg oyiuncgix fmg ocgunuvigun xiutcgfig fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Amjtnxmg 6' 6'0'='

Uibjig! Vmxbiv fmg Tijcununmg Tixyum`mmg

Uibjig tmumx xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg mfmam` jmu~mxmomv tixocvmmg! figbmg bcacgbmg tigfmtmvmg jigigbm` fmg jigigbm` oi mvmu! uixvm jijnanon jngmv ygvyo jigbocguyjun jmomgmg unmt umkn fmxn xiuvcxmg' Vmxbiv tmumx fmxn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg mfmam` jmu~mxmomv Ocvm Hcbcx fmg tigbygkygb ~mgb fmvmgb oi Ocvm Hcbcx! uixvm jijnanon jngmv ygvyo jigbocguyjun jmomgmg fn aymx tmgbmg tcoco! uitixvn tn{{m' Lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n fmamj tijnan`mg txncxnvmu uvxmvibn tijcununmg txcfyo mfmam` txcfyo#oymanvmu txcfyo! `mxbm! tijmomn txcfyo! oiamu txcfyo! fmg tiumngb' Fmxn `muna tignamnmg vix`mfmt lmovcx* lmovcx vixuihyv! vixg~mvm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg lmovcx

<8

txcfyo#oymanvmu txcfyo! tijmomn txcfyo! fmg oiamu txcfyo ygvyo tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn tijcununmg txcfyo' Lmovcx txcfyo jigkmfn txncxnvmu tixvnjhmgbmg yvmjm fmamj tigigvymg uvxmvibn tijcununmg txcfyo figbmg gnamn hchcv ~mgb xiamvnl kmy` aihn` hiumx fnhmgfngbomg figbmg lmovcx*lmovcx amngg~m! hixmxvn fmamj tigigvymg uvxmvibn tijcununmg txcfyo xiuvcxmg tn{{m umgbmv tixay ygvyo jijtix`mvnomg tijcununmg txcfyo fn tmumx hixfmumxomg higvyo txcfyo! tig~mknmg txcfyo! oymanvmu txcfyo! omxmovix txcfyo! fmg |mxnmun txcfyo' Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv ummv ngn fmamj tijcununmg txcfyog~m fn tmumx jigbbygmomg tixvnjhmgbmg txcfyo fmamj tijcununmgg~m hixfmumxomg oymanvmu txcfyo ~mgb hmno! omxigm txcfyo figbmg oymanvmu ~mgb hmno umgbmv fntixayomg fmamj ngfyuvxn tigbmfmmg tmgbmg airmv xiuvcxmg! mbmx hnum jijhixn oitymumg hmbn ocguyjig xiuvcxmg tn{{m' Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P uihmbmn tijhmgfngb kybm aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg lmovcx txcfyo#oymanvmu txcfyo fmg tijmomn txcfyo! gmjyg ~mgb hixhifm mfmam` txncxnvmu uiamgkyvg~m! ~mnvy lmovcx tiumngb' Lmovcx tiumngb jijnanon hchcv ~mgb xiamvnl vnfmo hibnvy kmy` fmxn lmovcx txncxnvmu tixvnjhmgbmg yvmjm hmbn Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P! `ma ngn hixmxvn fmamj tigigvymg uvxmvibn tijcununmg txcfyog~m fn tmumx xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P kybm

jigiomgomg

tcunung~m

hixfmumxomg

ximoun

tixhmgfngbmg

oifyfyomgg~m vix`mfmt tiumngb fmamj ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m figbmg `mxmtmg ocguyjig hnum jignamn Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P hixfmumxomg oiaihn`mgg~m fmxn fmxn xiuvcxmg tiumngbg~m' Tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx* lmovcx tig~yuyg uvxmvibn tijcununmg fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Vmhia 2' Vmhia 2' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg uvxmvibn tijcununmg Hchcv Txncxnvmu Lmovcx Hchcv Txncxnvmu Txcfyo @mxbm Tijmomn Txcfyo Oiamu Txcfyo Tiumngb +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

4'6<=< 4'42<= 4'8>8= 4'=892 4'466<

= 6 8 5 9

Tijhmgfngb+

Tijhmgfngb+

4'50= 4'=84 4' 4'88< 4'42= 4'848

= 6 8 9 5

@muna tijhchcvmg vix`mfmt mavixgmvnl uvxmvibn tijcununmg txcfyo jigygkyoomg hm`rm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg jyav~

<5

higilnv tcunvncgngb uvxmvib~! ~mnvy tijcununmg txcfyo fn tmumx figbmg

jigbbygmomg fym jmglmmv mvmy aihn`' Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P uihmbmn tijhmgfngb kybm jijnanon txncxnvmu ~mgb umjm' Jmom fmamj tigigvymg tcunun txcfyog~m fn tmumx xiuvcxmg tn{{m uihmnog~m jigiomgomg tmfm fym jmglmmv mvmy aihn`! jnumag~m figbmg jijtcununomg xiuvcxmg hixfmumxomg jmglmmv fmxn txcfyog~m fmg jmglmmv fmxn tiam~mgmgg~m fnjmgm figbmg jignojmvn `nfmgbmg fn xiuvcxmg vixuihyv! uiamng jigfmtmvomg txcfyo ~mgb igmo! ocguyjig kybm jigfmtmvomg tiam~mgmg ~mgb jijymuomg' Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv ummv ngn fmamj tijcununmg txcfyog~m fn tmumx jigbbygmomg jmglmmv oymanvmu tn{{m ~mgb hmno fmg uymumgm ~mgb hixum`mhmv' @muna tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu mavixgmvnl uvxmvibn tijcununmg fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Vmhia 0' Vmhia 0' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu mavixgmvnl*mavixgmvnl uvxmvibn tijcununmg Hchcv Mavixgmvnl Uvxmvibn Hchcv Txncxnvmu Tijhmgfngb+

Ungbai Higilnv Uvxmvib~ Jyavn Higilnv Uvxmvib~

Txncxnvmu Tijhmgfngb+

Tcunvncgngb

4'=9=5 Tcunvncgngb 4'0602

8 =

4'=89

8 =

4'029

+Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P 6'0'8'

Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg

Lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb hixtigbmxy` fmamj tigigvymg mavixgmvnl uvxmvibn tijmumxmg mfmam` ocgfnun lngmgunma tixyum`mmg! omtmunvmu tixyum`mmg! ocjtcgig hmyxmg jmgmkijig kmum! unomt ocguyjig! tiumngb! uixvm ocgfnun iocgcjn! ucunma! fmg tcanvno' Fmxn `muna tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu vix`mfmt lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg (Vmhia >.! fmtmv fnan`mv hm`rm lmovcx ~mgb tmangb tigvngb ygvyo fntixvnjhmgbomg fmamj tig~yuygmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv mfmam` unomt ocguyjig' Unomt ocguyjig mfmam` jigbigmn hmbmnjmgm ocguyjig hixiomun vix`mfmt txcfyo ~mgb fnvygkyoomg cai` tixnamoy ocguyjig fmg hmbmnjmgm ocguyjig jijtixcai` oitymumg momg gnamn ~mgb fn`mxmtomg fmxn txcfyo' Unomt ocguyjig mfmam` lmovcx ~mgb umgbmv tixay ygvyo fntix`mvnomg

omxigm

ocguyjig

jixytmomg

tigigvy

yvmjm

hmbn

tixoijhmgbmg yum`m fmg vixomnv amgbuygb fmamj txcuiu tijmumxmg'

<6

Mtmhnam ocguyjig jixmum vixtymuomg! jmom momg jigyjhyòmg unomt ac~manvmu

fmxn

ocguyjig

vix`mfmt

xiuvcxmg!

ui`ngbbm

figbmg

jigngbomvg~m kyjam` ocuyjig figbmg ac~manvmu ~mgb vngbbn! jmom momg jigngbomvomg oijmjtymg xiuvcxmg fmamj jigngbomvomg tmgbum tmumx fmg oijyfnmg hnum jigbijhmgbomg yum`mg~m' Uifmgbomg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P uihmbmn tijhmgfngb aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg lmovcx tiumngb fmamj jijhigvyo uvxmvibn tijmumxmgg~m' Omxigm tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P jixytmomg ximoun fmxn unuvij tijmumxmg ~mgb

fnkmamgomg

cai`

tiumngb

figbmg

jijtixonxmomg

movn|nvmu

tixamrmgmg ~mgb fnhixnomg' fnhixnomg' Vmhia >' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg Hchcv Txncxnvmu Lmovcx Hchcv Txncxnvmu Ocgf Ocgfnu nunn Lng Lngmgunm gunmaa Tixy Tixyum um`m `mmg mg Omtmunvmu Tixyum`mmg Ocjtcgig Jmgmkijig Kmum Unomt Ocguyjig Tiumngb Ocgfnun Iocgcjn! Ucunma! fmg Tcanvno +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

Tijhmgfngb+

Tijhmgfngb+

4'=6 '=654 4'4>>9 4'=>08 4'62== 4'4568

5 6 8 = <

4'=9= '=9= 4'4>0 4'408 4'846 4'65<

5 6 9 8 =

4'4964

9

4'48>

<

Tigigvymg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg jixytmomg ytm~m ygvyo jigemtmn vnbm vykymg ~mgb ngbng fnemtmn cai` tixyum`mmg' Oivnbm vykymg vixuihyv mfmam` jigngbomvomg |cayji tigkymamg! jigngbomvomg tixvyjhy`mg tmgbum tmumx! fmg jigngbomvomg txclnvmhnanvmu' Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P uihmbmn tijhmgfngb jijnanon txncxnvmu vykymg ~mgb umjm! ~mogn figbmg txncxnvmu tixvmjm mfmam` jigngbomvomg tixvyjhy`mg tmgbum tmumx! figbmg `mxmtmg uiamgkyvg~m hnum ygvyo jigngbomvomg |cayji tigkymamg! oijyfnmg Tigngbomvmg

hix`muna

jigngbomvomg

tixvyjhy`mg

tmgbum

oijmjtyamhmmg tmumx

tixyum`mmg'

fnngfnomunomg

figbmg

hixvmjhm`g~m hmbnmg tmumx ~mgb hix`muna fntixcai` tixyum`mmg fmxn oiuiayxy`mg tmumx ngfyuvxn! tigngbomvmg |cayji tigkymamg fnngfnomunomg figbmg tigngbomvmg vcvma tigkymamg tixyum`mmg fmxn vm`yg oi vm`yg! fmg

<9

tigngbomvmg oijmjtyamhmmg fnngfnomunomg cai` tigngbomvmg xmunc oiygvygbmg vix`mfmt tigkymamg' Tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu vix`mfmt vykymg tig~yuygmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Vmhia =4' Vmhia =4' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu vykymg fmxn uvxmvibn tijmumxmg Hchcv Vykymg Hchcv Txncxnvmu Jigngbomvomg \cayji Tigkymamg Jigngbomvomg Tixvyjhy`mg Tmgbum Tmumx Jig Jigngb ngbomvo omvomg mg Txcl Txclnv nvmmhnan hnanvm vmuu +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

Tijhmgfngb+


4'520>

8

4'895

8

4'6=55 4'8 4'8420 420

= 5

4'995 4'=>6 '=>6

= 5

Tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg fnamoyomg figbmg tigbijhmgbmg ocjtcgig hmyxmg tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg' Xiuvcxmg tn{{m uihmbmn kignu yum`m kmum jijnanon anjm ocjtcgig hmyxmg tijmumxmg ~mgb tmangb tcoco! ~mnvy hmyxmg txcjcun! hmyxmg `mxbm! hmyxmg txcfyo! hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun! fmg hmyxmg uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm' Fmxn oianjm hmyxmg vixuihyv! hixfmumxomg `muna tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu fmxn oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg tmfm Vmhia ==! jmom ~mgb jigkmfn txncxnvmu tixvmjm hmbn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv mfmam` hmyxmg txcfyo ~mgb uiamgkyvg~m fnnoyvn cai` hmyxmg uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm! figbmg gnamn hchcv ~mgb hixtmyv vnfmo vixamay

kmy`'

@ma

ngn

fnuihmhomg

omxigm

Tn{{m

@yv

hixyum`m

jigbijhmgbomg yum`mg~m airmv tigbijhmgbmg txcfyo kmumg~m! hmno figbmg jigbijhmgbomg txcfyo g~mvm ( vmgbnhai txcfyev. airmv jmomgmg ~mgb fnumknomg! jmytyg figbmg jigbijhmgbomg txcfyo vnfmo g~mvm (ngvmgbnhai txcfyev . airmv cxmgb mvmy UFJ ~mgb jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg' Fn`mxmtomg figbmg oihix`munamg fmamj jijhixnomg txcfyo vixhmno fmg tiam~mgmg airmv UFJ ~mgb vixamvn` jmom xiuvcxmg jmjty jixmn` tmgbum tmumx ~mgb aihn` aymu' Uifmgbomg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P uihmbmn tijhmgfngb aihn` jijnan` hmyxmg txcjcun uihmbmn txncxnvmu tixvmjm fmamj tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmgg~m' Omxigm airmv txcjcun ~mgb bigemx jmom Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P hnum jigngbomvomg oijmjtymg jigmxno

<<

jngmv ocguyjig! ui`ngbbm tmgbum tmumxg~m momg uijmong jigngbomv tyam' Vmhia ==' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg Hchcv Txncxnvmu Oxnvixnm Hmyxmg Hchcv Txncxnvmu Hmyxmg Txcjcun Hmyxmg @mxbm Hmyxmg Txcfyo Hmyxmg Fnuvxnhyun Hmyxmg Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

Tijhmgfngb+

Tijhmgfngb+

4'4226 4'4<64 4'6==0 4'=8<2

6 9 = 5

4'66= 4'=99 4'8=5 4'42<

= 5 8 9

4'5848

8

4'==<

6

Hchcv Oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm Oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm Hmyxmg Uvxmvibn Tijmu mxmg

H' Txcjcun 4'4226 H' UFJ 4'5848

H' Fnuvxnhyun 4'=8<2

H' @mxbm 4'4<64

H' Txcfyo 4'6==0

Bmjhmx =9' Fnmbxmj hchcv oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg 6'0'5'

Hmyxmg Txcjcun

Lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n fmamj tig~yuygmg hmyxmg txcjcun tixyum`mmg mfmam` lmovcx txcfyo! lmovcx tmumx! lmovcx tiamgbbmg! lmovcx mgbbmxmg! fmg lmovcx hmyxmg tijmumxmg' @muna tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu fmxn lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg hmyxmg txcjcun fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Vmhia =8' Fmxn vmhia fmtmv onvm an`mv hm`rm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uixvm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P uihmbmn tijhmgfngb! umjm*umjm aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg ygvyo jijtixvnjhmgbomg lmovcx hmyxmg tijmumxmg fmamj tijnan`mg mavixgmvnl hmyxmg txcjcun' Lmovcx hmyxmg tijmumxmg jiantyvn `mxbm xiamvnl#oymanvmu xiamvnl! uvxmvibn fnuvxnhyun! hxmgf anli e~eai! emoytmg tmumx! fmg tigbiacammg uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm (UFJ.' @ma ngn hixmxvn fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg txcjcung~m xiuvcxmg umgbmv jijtixvnjhmgbomg

<2

hmyxmg tijmumxmg amngg~m! figbmg `mxmtmg mbmx txcjcun ~mgb fnamoyomg fmtmv jijtixoigmaomg xiuvcxmg mvmy jig~mjtmnomg nglcxjmun jigbigmn xiuvcxmg uiemxm oiuiayxy`mg jyamn fmxn txcfyog~m! tiam~mgmgg~m! acomun fnuvxnhyung~m! `mxbmg~m! fmg nglcxjmun amngg~m oitmfm ocguyjig figbmg kiamu' Fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg txcjcun tixyum`mmg! mfm ijtmv oxnvixnm ~mgb jijygbongomg ygvyo fnamoyomg cai` tixyum`mmg! ~mnvy tixnoamgmg! ocjygnomun txnhmfn! txcjcun tigkymamg! fmg `yhygbmg jmu~mxmomv' Fmxn `muna tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg txcjcun (Vmhia =5.! jigygkyoomg hm`rm oifym xiuvcxmg! hmno xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uigfnxn jmytyg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P uihmbmn tijhmgfngb! aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg tixnoamgmg fmamj tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn txcjcung~m' Oxnvixnm txcjcun oifym mfmam` ocjygnomun txnhmfn' Oijyfnmg ~mgb jigkmfn txncxnvmu oxnvixnm uiamgkyvg~m mfmam` txcjcun tigkymamg fmg oxnvixnm `yhygbmg jmu~mxmomv' Vmhia =8' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg uvxmvibn txcjcun Hchcv Txncxnvmu Lmovcx Hchcv Txncxnvmu Txcfyo Tmumx Tiamgbbmg Mgbbmxmg Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

4'8>82 4'=<94 4'==99 4'490= 4'5<0<

8 5 6 9 =

Tijhmgfngb+

Tijhmgfngb+

4'5=6 4'=<4 4'=40 4'4<= 4'592

8 5 6 9 =

Hchcv fmxn oxnvixnm tixnoamgmg fmg ocjygnomun txnhmfn fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg txcjcun vnfmo hixtmyv vixamay kmy`' Oifym oxnvixnm ngn jigkmfn tigvngb omxigm airmv tixnoamgmg fmg ocjygnomun txnhmfn jijhixnomg ifyomun mvmy fnfnomg ~mgb aihn` jigfmamj jigbigmn nglcxjmun xiuvcxmg oitmfm ocguyjig! ui`ngbbm ocguyjig jijnanon vngbomv tigbigmamg ~mgb aihn` hmno vix`mfmt xiuvcxmg' Omxigm nvy xiuvcxmg tn{{m uihmnog~m jiamoyomg txcjcun airmv tixnoamgmg figbmg emxm jig~mknomg fmg jijtxcjcunomg nfi fmxn txcfyo fmg tiam~mgmgg~m uiemxm gcg tixucgma ~mgb fn fmamjg~m vixfmtmv nglcxjmun fmg fnfnomg jigbigmn xiuvcxmg! uixvm hykyomg hmbn myfnigu' Txcjcun uiamgkyvg~m

<0

mfmam` airmv ocjygnomun txnhmfn uiemxm tixucgma oitmfm ocguyjig ~mgb jijhixnomg fnfnomg mvmytyg txilixigun oitmfm ocguyjig jigbigmn txcfyo xiuvcxmg' Vmhia =5' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg txcjcun Hchcv Oxnvixnm Hchcv Txncxnvmu Tixnoamgmg Ocjygnomun Txnhmfn Txcjcun Tigkymamg @yhygbmg Jmu~mxmomv +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

4'69=4 4'6468 4'4><2 4'4604

= 8 5 6

Tijhmgfngb+


4'680 4'6=> 4'=46 4'494

= 8 5 6

Ygvyo tixnoamgmg hnum fnamoyomg figbmg vmovno uiaioun jifnm fmg vmovno tijmumxmg amgbuygb' Fmg `muna tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu fmxn oifym vmovno ngn (Vmhia =6.! jigygkyoomg hm`rm ygvyo tixnoamgmg! oifym xiuvcxmg umjm*umjm aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg vmovno uiaioun jifnm' Hchcv fmxn vmovno ngn xiamvnl kmy` aihn` hiumx omxigm aihn` iliovnl fmamj jijhixnomg mrmxigiuu mvmy vngbomv oiumfmxmg oitmfm ocguyjig! ui`ngbbm hnum aihn` jigfnfno ocguyjig jigbigmn xiuvcxmg fmg txcfyog~m' Tixnoamgmg figbmg vmovno uiaioun jifnm hixmxvn tixnoamgmg fnamoyomg figbmg jijhymv noamg airmv jifnm unmxmg (viai|nun mvmy xmfnc.! jifnm eivmo (ocxmg! jmkmam`! mvmy vmhacnf.! fmg jifnm aymx xymgb (tcuvix! xioamji! tiumg iaiovxcgno! fmg hmòmg hyu.' Vmhia =6' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. tixnoamgmg Hchcv Vmovno Hchcv Txncxnvmu Uiaioun Jifnm Tijmumxmg Amgbuygb +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

4'009< 4'==66

= 8

Tijhmgfngb+


4'>44 4'=44

= 8

Ygvyo ocjygnomun txnhmfn hnum fnamoyomg figbmg vmovno tigkymamg txnhmfn fmg am~mgmg tiamgbbmg' Fmg `muna tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu fmxn oifym vmovno ngn (Vmhia =9.! jigygkyoomg hm`rm ygvyo ocjygnomun txnhmfn! oifym xiuvcxmg umjm*umjm aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg vmovno tigkymamg txnhmfn! figbmg hchcv ~mgb xiamvnl kmy` aihn hiumx' @ma ngn fnuihmhomg omxigm tigkymamg txnhmfn aihn` ocgfyunl fmamj jigkyma

<>

txcfyo fmxn ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg! uiamng nvy tigkymamg txnhmfn aihn` iliovnl fmamj jijhixnomg tigbivm`ymg fmg tijm`mjmg oitmfm ocguyjig jigbigmn txcfyo xiuvcxmg! ui`ngbbm ocguyjig aihn` jyfm` ygvyo jijnan` txcfyo ~mgb `mxyu fnhiang~m ygvyo fnocguyjun' Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv viam` jiamoyomg tigkymamg txnhmfn figbmg mfmg~m uybbiuvn|i uiaangb tmfm Vig Jcjigv cl Vxyv` ~mgb fnvixmtomgg~m' Vmhia =9' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. ocjygnomun txnhmfn Hchcv Txncxnvmu Vmovno Hchcv Txncxnvmu Tigkymamg Txnhmfn Am~mgmg Tiamgbbmg +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

4'> 4'=

= 8

Tijhmgfngb+

Tijhmgfngb+

4'029 4'=89

= 8

Ygvyo txcjcun tigkymamg hnum fnamoyomg figbmg vmovno fnuocg kmgbom tigfio! tijhixnmg oytcg#|cyeìx! fmg mfmg~m `mxbm tmoiv' Fmg `muna tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu fmxn oivnbm vmovno ngn (Vmhia =<.! jigygkyoomg hm`rm ygvyo txcjcun tigkymamg! oifym xiuvcxmg umjm*umjm aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg vmovno `mxbm tmoiv! oijyfnmg fnuocg kmgbom tigfio fmg oytcg#|cyeìx' Gmjyg! hchcv fmxn `mxbm tmoiv kmy` aihn` hiumx fnhmgfngbomg figbmg oifym vmovno amngg~m! ui`ngbbm txcjcun tigkymamg airmv `mxbm tmoiv fnmgbbmt tixay! omxigm figbmg mfmg~m `mxbm tmoiv jmom ocguyjig fmtmv jiamoyomg tigbìjmvmg fmxn `mxbm hnmum figbmg jijhian txcfyo ~mgb viam` fntmoivomg! ui`ngbbm ocguyjig fmxn oiamu tigfmtmvmg jigigbm` momg hnum kybm ygvyo jignojmvn `nfmgbmg fmxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m! figbmg fijnonmg tmgbum tmumx fmxn xiuvcxmg momg hixvmjhm`' Vmhia =<' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. txcjcun tigkymamg Hchcv Vmovno Hchcv Txncxnvmu Fnuocg Kmgbom Tigfio Oytcg#\cyeìx @mxbm Tmoiv +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

4'=>29 4'404< 4'28=>

8 5 =

Tijhmgfngb+


4'890 4'=49 4'<52

8 5 =

Ygvyo `yhygbmg jmu~mxmomv hnum fnamoyomg figbmg vmovno tyhanomun! vmovno oibnmvmg tiam~mgmg jmu~mxmomv! fmg vmovno jifnm nfigvnvmu' Fmg

24

`muna tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu fmxn oivnbm vmovno ngn (Vmhia =2.! jigygkyoomg hm`rm ygvyo `yhygbmg jmu~mxmomv! oifym xiuvcxmg umjm* umjm aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg vmovno jifnm nfigvnvmu figbmg jigentvmomg nfigvnvmu |nuyma mbmx fnoigman jmu~mxmomv! uitixvn acbc tixyum`mmg! hxcuyx! vmgfm! lcxjyanx! mamv vyanu! omxvy hnugnu! hmgbygmg! fmg tmomnmg' Vmhia =2' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu txncxnvmu uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. `yhygbmg jmu~mxmomv jmu~mxmomv Hchcv Txncxnvmu Vmovno Hchcv Txncxnvmu Tyhanomun 4'=>>2 OibnmvmgTiam~mgmgJmu~mxmomv 4'4220 Jifnm Nfigvnvmu 4'288<

8 5 =

Tijhmgfngb+

Tijhmgfngb+

4'890 4'=49 4'<52

8 5 =

+Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

6'0'6'


Vixfmtmv igmj lmovcx ~mgb hixtigbmxy` fmamj tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm txcfyo cai` tixyum`mmg! ~mnvy; cxnigvmun tigfmtmvmg! cxnigvmun omtmunvmu!

cxnigvmun tixjngvmmg! hnm~m! tixumngbmg! fmg gnamn hmbn

tiamgbbmg' @muna tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Vmhia =0' Fmxn vmhia jigygkyoomg hm`rm Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg ygvyo jijtixvnjhmgbomg lmovcx cxnigvmun tmfm tixjngvmmg fmamj tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm' Omxigm nvy fmamj tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm tixyum`mmg hixyum`m jijmounjyjomg tixjngvmmg! jigbigman oijmjtymg hian ~mgb hix|mxnmun! jigmrmxomg jivcfi tijhm~mxmg ~mgb jijygbongomg tigngbomvmg tigkymamg' Cxnigvmun tmfm tixjngvmmg jigkmfn lmovcx tixvnjhmgbmg yvmjm omxigm tigfmtmvmg yvmjm xiuvcxmg hixuyjhix fmxn tixjngvmmg ocguyjig! cai` omxigm nvy `mxbm fnvivmtomg figbmg jijtixvnjhmgbomg tigbmxy` fmxn `mxbm vixuihyv vix`mfmt tixjngvmmg' Hixhifm figbmg xiuvcxmg tijhmgfngb ~mgb aihn` jijtixvnjhmgbomg lmovcx

tixumngbmg

fmamj

jigivmtomg

`mxbm

txcfyog~m!

fnjmgm

tixyum`mmg jijtix`mvnomg tixhmgfngbmg `mxbm figbmg `mxbm ~mgb fnoigmomg tiumngb' @ma ngn fnuihmhomg omxigm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P hixmgbbmtmg hm`rm ygvyo jixmn` tmgbum tmumx ~mgb aihn` aymu fmg jijtixcai` vngbomv

tixjngvmmg ~mgb ~mgb aihn` vngbbn jmom jmom ~mgb tixay

2=

fntixvnjhmgbomg fmamj tigivmtmg `mxbm mbmx vnfmo omam` hixumngb mfmam` `mxbm fmxn tiumngb fmamj ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m' Lmovcx oifym ~mgb jigkmfn tixvnjhmgbmg hmbn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fmamj jigivmtomg `mxbm txcfyo mfmam` lmovcx gnamn hmbn tiamgbbmg! fijnonmg kybm xiuvcxmg tijhmgfngb jijtixvnjhmgbomg lmovcx ngn uihmbmn lmovcx txncxnvmu oifym' Hixmxvn oifym tixyum`mmg jigbmey tmfm hixmtm tixonxmmg `mxbm ~mgb hixuifnm fnhm~mxomg cai` tiamgbbmg ygvyo gnamn ~mgb jixiom ~mongn momg jixiom vixnjm' Lmovcx ngn jijnanon hchcv ~mgb vnfmo vixamay hixhifm figbmg lmovcx cxnigvmun tixjngvmmg' Lmovcx gnamn hmbn tiamgbbmg ngn jigkmfn tigvngb ygvyo fntixvnjhmgbomg omxigm tiamgbbmg jigkmfn ocguyjig amgbuygb fmxn xiuvcxmg! fnjmgm unuvij fnuvxnhyung~m mfmam` amgbuygb oitmfm tiamgbbmg vmgtm mfm tn`mo amng uihmbmn tig~mayx' Cai` omxigm nvy umgbmv tixay ygvyo jijtixvnjhmgbomg mtmom` figbmg `mxbm ~mgb fnvivmtomg cai` oifym xiuvcxmg uiomxmgb tiamgbbmg jixmum uiuymn mvmy vnfmo figbmg gnamn ~mgb jixiom tixcai` fmxn txcfyo ~mgb jixiom hian! omxigm knom tiamgbbmg jixmum gnamn ~mgb jixiom tixcai` vnfmo uiuymn figbmg `mxbm ~mgb jixiom hm~mx! jmom momg jignjhyaomg oioieirmmg hmbn tiamgbbmg! ui`ngbbm vnfmo jijnanon jngmv ygvyo jiamoyomg oygkygbmg hixnoyvg~m mvmytyg hmòmg jijhixnomg vmgbbmtmg rcxf cl jcyv` ~mgb gibmvnl'

Vmhia =0' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm Hchcv Txncxnvmu Lmovcx Hchcv Txncxnvmu Cxnigvmun Tigfmtmvmg Cxnigvmun Omtmunvmu Cxnigvmun Tixjngvmmg Hnm~m Tixumngbmg Gnamn Hmbn Tiamgbbmg +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

4'=090 4'42>2 4'558> 4'49<0 4'450> 4'549>

5 6 = 9 < 8

Tijhmgfngb+

Tijhmgfngb+

4'=8> 4'428 4'=6> 4'422 4'5=5 4'8<4

6 < 5 9 = 8

Oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm fmamj tigbijhmgbmg tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm mfmam` tigivmtmg `mxbm ygvyo jigbyxmgbn oivnfmotmuvnmg fmg tigivmtmg `mxbm hixfmumxomg `yhygbmg figbmg tiamgbbmg' Vmhia => jigygkyoomg

28

hm`rm

oifym

xiuvcxmg

aihn`

jijtxncxnvmuomg

tigivmtmg

`mxbm

hixfmumxomg `yhygbmg figbmg tiamgbbmg! figbmg vykymg ygvyo jijhngm fmg jigkmbm `yhygbmg kmgbom tmgkmgb figbmg tiamgbbmg' Hchcv fmxn tigivmtmg `mxbm hixfmumxomg `yhygbmg figbmg tiamgbbmg ngn n gn kmy` aihn` hiumx fnhmgfngbomg figbmg hchcv tigivmtmg `mxbm ygvyo jigbyxmgbn oivnfmotmuvnmg' @ma ngn vixkmfn omxigm oijhman tmfm lmovcx tixvnjhmgbmg yvmjm ~mnvy cxnigvmun tmfm tixjngvmmg! fnjmgm uyjhix tixjngvmmg yvmjm fmxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m mfmam` tiamgbbmg! cai` omxigm nvy umgbmv tixay ygvyo jijtxncxnvmuomg tigivmtmg `mxbm hixfmumxomg `yhygbmg figbmg tiamgbbmg mbmx oymgvnvmu tixjngvmmg fmtmv uijmong fnvngbomvomg! ui`ngbbm oijmjtymg tixyum`mmg jigkmfn aihn` hiumx fmamj jigemtmn vykymg tixyum`mmg' Hixfmumxomg lmovcx tixvnjhmgbmg oifym! ~mogn gnamn hmbn tiamgbbmg! jmom tigivmtmg `mxbm hixfmumxomg `yhygbmg figbmg tiamgbbmg kybm umgbmv xiai|mg! fnjmgm xiuvcxmg uihmnog~m jigivmtomg `mxbm figbmg tignamnmg mtmom` tiamgbbmg jixmum `mxbm ~mgb fnhm~mxomg cai`g~m uiuymn figbmg gnamn ~mgb fntixcai`g~m fmxn txcfyo ~mgb fnhiang~m fmxn xiuvcxmg' Vmhia =>' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm Hchcv Txncxnvmu Oxnvixnm Hchcv Txncxnvmu Tigivmtmg @mxbm ygvyo Jigbyxmgbn Oivnfm nfmotmuvnmg Tigivmtmg @mxbm Hixfmumxomg @yhygbmg Figbmg Tiamgbbmg +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

Tijhmgfngb+

Tijhmgfngb+

4'84<9

8

4'=00

8

4'2>59

=

4'0=8

=

Fmamj tigivmtmg `mxbm ygvyo jigbyxmgbn oivnfmotmuvnmg mfm fym uyh oxnvixnm mvmytyg aihn` kiamug~m vmovno fmamj jiamoumgmomg oxnvixnm vixuihyv! ~mnvy tigivmtmg `mxbm hixfmumxomg jmglmmv fmg tigivmtmg `mxbm figbmg vmxnl vivmt' Fmamj jijnan` vmovno tigivmtmg `mxbm ygvyo jigbyxmgbn oivnfmotmuvnmg! oifym xiuvcxmg tn{{m vixuihyv umjm*umjm jigivmtomg txncxnvmu yvmjm tmfm vmovno tigivmtmg `mxbm figbmg vmxnl vivmt! uitixvn ~mgb fnvygkyoomg tmfm Vmhia 84' Tigivmtmg `mxbm hixvmxnl vivmt jixytmomg vmovno jigigvyomg `mxbm ~mgb vivmt ygvyo uijym

25

ocgfnun uihiayj fnamoyomg tig~ixm`mg kmum' Vmovno ngn aihn` vitmv ygvyo fnbygmomg fmamj ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m omxigm figbmg `mxbm ~mgb vivmt vnfmo momg jignjhyaomg oihngbygbmg fmxn tiamgbbmg mvmy ocguyjig! uihmh txcfyo fmxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m kybm amgbuygb fnhian fmg fnocguyjun cai` tiamgbbmg vmgtm jiairmvn tigbieix! hixhifm figbmg txcfyo hmxmgb ~mgb fnkyma uiemxm hixomam fmg figbmg oymgvnvmu vixvigvy! ui`ngbbm `mxbm hnum fnxyhm` omtmg umkm figbmg jig~iuymnomg vix`mfmt ocgfnun iocgcjn fmg vngbomv `mxbm ~mgb hixamoy' Cai` omxigm nvy! xiuvcxmg tn{{m fmamj tigigvymg `mxbm fmxn mrma umgbmv tigvngb ygvyo jijtixvnjhmgbomg hixhmbmn lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`ng~m ummv ngn jmytyg fn ummv ~mgb momg fmvmgb! ui`ngbbm `mxbm ~mgb fnvivmtomg uyfm` jigbmgvnuntmun oijygbongmg ~mgb vixkmfn fmamj kmgbom tmgkmgb' Vmhia 84' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. tigivmtmg `mxbm ygvyo jigbyxmgbn oivnfmotmuvnmg Hchcv Txncxnvmu Vmovno Hchcv Txncxnvmu Tigivmtmg @mxbm Hixfmumxomg Jmglmmv Tigivmtmg @mxbm Figbmg Vmxnl Vivmt +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

Tijhmgfngb+

Tijhmgfngb+

4'=89

8

4'=89

8

4'029

=

4'029

=

Fmamj tigivmtmg `mxbm hixfmumxomg `yhygbmg figbmg tiamgbbmg kybm vixfmtmv fym vmovno ~mgb hnum fnamoyomg cai` tixyum`mmg! ~mnvy vmovno jigyxygomg `mxbm fmg vmovno tigmrmxmg `mxbm utiunma' Vmhia 8= jigygkyoomg hm`rm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg vmovno tigmrmxmg `mxbm utiunma fmamj tigivmtmg `mxbm hixfmumxomg `yhygbmg figbmg tiamgbbmg! uifmgbomg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P uihmbmn tijhmgfngb jigivmtomg txncxnvmu aihn` oitmfm vmovno jigyxygomg `mxbm' Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv jigbyvmjmomg tigmrmxmg `mxbm utiunma omxigm hixmgbbmtmg figbmg vivmt jigkmbm oymanvmu txcfyo vmgtm `mxyu jigyxygomg `mxbm jmom jngmv hian ocguyjig fmtmv vivmt fnkmbm! gmjyg tigmrmxmg `mxbm utiunma

figbmg

jijhixnomg

tcvcgbmg

jigngbomvomg jngmv hian ocguyjig'

`mxbm

fn`mxmtomg

fmtmv

26

Vmhia 8=' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. tigivmtmg `mxbm hixfmumxomg `yhygbmg figbmg tiamgbbmg Hchcv Txncxnvmu Vmovno Hchcv Txncxnvmu Jigyxygomg @mxbm Tigmrmxmg @mxbm Utiunma +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P 6'0'9'

4'89 4'29

8 =

Tijhmgfngb+

Tijhmgfngb+

4'055 4'=<2

= 8

Hmyxmg Angn Txcfyo

Tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg txcfyo ngn jianhmvomg hihixmtm lmovcx hixtigbmxy`! ~mnvy ng|iuvmun jcfma! tixoijhmgbmg viogcacbn! viogcacbn! mouiu hnm~m fmg hm`mg hmoy! uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm! fmg tiumngb' Vmhia 88 jigygkyoomg hm`rm lmovcx hixtigbmxy` ~mgb jigkmfn txncxnvmu tixvnjhmgbmg tixvmjm hmbn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fmg xiuvcxmg tn{{m P uihmbmn tijhmgfngb fmamj jijnan` oxnvixnm hmyxmg angn txcfyo mfmam` lmovcx uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm (UFJ.' Gnamn hchcv fmxn lmovcx UFJ kmy` aihn` hiumx fnhmgfngbomg figbmg hchcv fmxn lmovcx*lmovcx hixtigbmxy` amngg~m' Lmovcx UFJ jigkmfn lmovcx ~mgb umgbmv tixay ygvyo fntixvnjhmgbomg fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg txcfyo fnuihmhomg omxigm `mjtnx uijym txcuiu txcfyoun tmfm xiuvcxmg tn{{m jianhmvomg UFJ! hmno uihmbmn tiamoy txcuiu txcfyoun jmytyg uihmbmn txcfyo fmxn xiuvcxmg vixuihyv ~mgb jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg oitmfm tiamgbbmg' Vmhia 88' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx tig~yuyg hmyxmg angn txcfyo Hchcv Txncxnvmu Lmovcx Hchcv Txncxnvmu Ng|iuvmun Jcfma Tixoijh ijhmgbmg Viogcacbn Mouiu uiu Hnm~m fmg Hm`mg Hmoy Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm Tiumngb +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

4'=022 4'=569 4'40>> 4'96<8 4'46=0

8 5 6 = 9

Tijhmgfngb+

Tijhmgfngb+

4' 4'842 4'42= 4'=42 4'594 4'8<9

5 9 6 = 8

Vixfmtmv vnbm oxnvixnm fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg angn txcfyo! ~mnvy; tixigvmgbmg angn txcfyo! tigbnunmg angn txcfyo! fmg jcfixgnumun angn txcfyo' Vmhia 85 jigygkyoomg hm`rm oifym xiuvcxmg! hmno Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv jmytyg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P uihmbmn tijhmgfngb! umjm*umjm jijnan` oxnvixnm tixigvmgbmg angn txcfyo uihmbmn txncxnvmu yvmjm fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg txcfyo' Hixmxvn fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg

29

txcfyo

xiuvcxmg

tn{{m

uihmnog~m

jiamoyomggg~m

figbmg

emxm

jigbmgiomxmbmjomg txcfyo fmamj `ma yoyxmg! `mxbm! uixvm |mxnmun kignu fmg xmum' Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv viam` jiamoyomg tixigvmgbmg txcfyo fmamj `ma yoyxmg! `mxbm! |mxnmun kignu fmg xmum' Gmjyg! fmamj tigbijhmgbmg txcfyo airmv tixigvmgbmg |mxnmun kignu fmg xmum fnxmumomg jmun` oyxmgb! ui`ngbbm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv tixay jiamoyomg xnuiv fmamj tigbijhmgbmg txcfyog~m mbmx fntixcai` tn{{m figbmg |mxnmun xmum ~mgb fnuiuymnomg figbmg anfm` jmu~mxmomv Ngfcgiunm! momg vivmtn vnfmo jigb`namgbomg xmum muan fmxn tn{{m vixuihyv' Ocjtcunun fmumx tn{{m uitixvn xcvn fmg umyu muan tn{{m vivmt fntixvm`mgomg mbmx vnfmo jigb`namgbomg oimuanmgg~m! ~mgb tixay fnxigvmgbomg mfmam` vmjhm`mg vmjhm`mg |mxnmun vcttngb tn{{m! ui`ngbbm hnum jigmjhm` |mxnmun fmxn kignu fmg xmum tn{{m' Figbmg fijnonmg tiamgbbmg jijnanon tiaymgb ~mgb aihn` aymu ygvyo hnum jiamoyomg tijnan`mg txcfyo ~mgb uiuymn figbmg figbmg uiaixmg~m' Vmhia 85' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg angn txcfyo Hchcv Oxnvixnm Hchcv Txncxnvmu Tixigvmgbmg Angn Txcfyo Tigbnunmg Angn Txcfyo Jcfixgnumun Angn ngn Txcfyo +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

4'28=9 4'=>45 4'400=

Tijhmgfngb+


4'248 4'842 4'4>=

= 8 5

= 8 5

Hchcv Oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm Oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm Hmyxmg Txcfyo

Jcfixgnumun Angn Txcfyo 4'400= Tigbnunmg Angn Txcfyo 4'=>45

Tixigvmgbmg Angn Txcfyo 4'28=9

Bmjhmx =<' Fnmbxmj hchcv oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg angn txcfyo

2<

6'0'<'

Hmyxmg Fnuvxnhyun

Lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun mfmam` lmovcx vijtmv tmumx! lmovcx omxmovix txcfyo! fmg lmovcx vngbomv tigbcgvxcamg vix`mfmt txcfyo' @muna tijhchcvmg fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun (Vmhia 86. jigygkyoomg hm`rm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg lmovcx vijtmv tmumx uihmbmn txncxnvmu tixvmjm fmamj jijnan` oxnvixnm hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun! hixmxvn tijnan`mg acomun ~mgb vitmv fmg uvxmvibnu ygvyo jijtixjyfm` tigkmgbomymg ocguyjig umgbmv fntix`mvnomg fmamj tigfnuvxnhyunmg txcfyo xiuvcxmg tn{{m' Omxigm figbmg jijnan` acomun ~mgb uvxmvibnu fmg jyfm` fnkmgbomy cai` ocguyjig jmom momg jijtixjyfm` ygvyo jixmn` ocguyjig figbmg kyjam` ~mgb aihn` hmg~mo! uihmh ocguyjig aihn` jyfm` ygvyo jigbivm`yn oihixmfmmg xiuvcxmg fmg jiamoyomg tijhianmg txcfyo fmxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m! fmg tmfm mo`nxg~m xiuvcxmg tn{{m jigkmfn aihn` jyfm` ygvyo jigngbomvomg oijmjtymgg~m fmamj jijtixaymu tmgbum tmumx' Oijyfnmg lmovcx vngbomv tigbcgvxcamg tigbcgvxcamg ygvyo jian`mv mtmom` oymanvmu txcfyo jmun` vixkmbm mvmy vnfmo ummv umjtmn oitmfm ocguyjig jigkmfn tixvnjhmgbmg oifym! fmg uiamgkyvg~m lmovcx omxmovix txcfyo jigkmfn tixvnjhmgbmg oivnbm' @ma ~mgb umjm kybm vixkmfn tmfm xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P uihmbmn tijhmgfngb' tijhmgfngb' Vmhia 86' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun Hchcv Txncxnvmu Lmovcx Hchcv Txncxnvmu Vijtmv Tmumx Omxmovix Txcfyo Vngbomv Tigbcgvxcamg +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

4'<464 4'4><8 4'8>>>

= 5 8

Tijhmgfngb+

Tijhmgfngb+

4'<5 4'4> 4'80

= 5 8

Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uihmbmn yum`m ~mgb hixbixmo fmamj ngfyuvxn tmgbmg fmtmv jigbbygmomg vnbm oxnvixnm tigfnuvxnhyunmg txcfyo ~mgb jijygbongomg ygvyo yum`mg~m! ~mnvy; fnuvxnhyun fn vijtmv ( fngi ng.! fnuvxnhyun fnhmrm tyamgb ( vmoi mrm~.! fmg fnuvxnhyun tiumg mgvmx ( fian|ix~ uix|nei.' Hixfmumxomg `muna tignamnmg tmfm Vmhia 89 jigygkyoomg hm`rm

fnuvxnhyun jmomg fnvijtmv (fngi ng. jigkmfn txncxnvmu fnuvxnhyun ~mgb

22

tixvmjm hmbn oifym xiuvcxmg' Figbmg fijnonmg! oifym xiuvcxmg aihn` jigbyvmjmomg tig~ixm`mg! tijmglmmvmg! fmg tiam~mgmg vix`mfmt txcfyo kmum xiuvcxmg fn acomun xiuvcxmg ' Fnuvxnhyun fnhmrm tyamgb (vmoi mrm~. fmg uvxmvibn fnuvxnhyun tiumg mgvmx (fian|ix~ uix|nei. jigijtmvn

txncxnvmu oifym fmg oivnbm' Fnuvxnhyun fn vijtmv jijnanon gnamn hchcv ~mgb kmy` aihn` hiumx hnam fnhmgfngbomg figbmg gnamn hchcv fnuvxnhyun fnhmrm tyamgb fmg tiumg mgvmx! `ma ngn fnuihmhomg omxigm figbmg acomun ~mgb uvxmvibnu fmg ocgfnun mxim ~mgb jijygbongomg! jmom momg aihn` jyfm` hmbn xiuvcxmg ygvyo jijtixaymu tmumxg~m figbmg fnuvxnhyun fn vijtmv! fnjmgm hmg~mog~m ocguyjig fn uionvmx acomun xiuvcxmg jigkmfn tiaymgb hmbn xiuvcxmg ygvyo jigbygfmgb ocguyjig jigbygkygbn fmg jijhian uiemxm amgbuygb txcfyo fmxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m vixuihyv' Uiamng nvy fnan`mv fmxn unun ocguyjig fnuvxnhyun fn vijtmv jigkmfn aihn` fntxncxnvmuomg omxigm ocguyjig hnum ygvyo jijnan` jignojmvn jmomg fn fmamj xiuvcxmg ~mgb acomung~m fiomv figbmg acomun vijtmv ocguyjig jiamoyomg hixhmbmn oibnmvmg amngg~m! uitixvn hixhiamgkm fn tyumv tixhiamgkmmg uionvmx fmixm` acomun xiuvcxmg! mvmytyg omxigm vngbbma fn tixyjm`mg uionvmx xiuvcxmg! mvmy kybm omxigm uifmgb hixrnumvm fn acomun ~mgb vnfmo hibnvy kmy` fmxn acomun xiuvcxmg' Uiamng jijtixvnjhmgbomg acomun! ocguyjig kybm jijnan` ygvyo fnuvxnhyun fn vijtmv omxigm tixvnjhmgbmg mfmg~m tiam~mgmg ~mgb aihn` jijymuomg fmg oymanvmu txcfyo ~mgb aihn` hmno mvmy aihn` igmo ummv fnocguyjun amgbuygb fn vijtmv fmxntmfm txcfyo ~mgb fnvixnjm ummv fnhmrm tyamgb mvmytyg airmv tiumg mgvmx! fnvmjhm` ambn mfmg~m tixvnjhmgbmg vmjhm`mg hnm~m ~mgb `mxyu fnoiaymxomg knom uimgfmng~m ocguyjig jiamoyomg tijhianmg tiumg mgvmx' Vmhia 89' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg fnuvxnhyun Hchcv Oxnvixnm Hchcv Txncxnvmu Fnuvxnhyun fn Vijtmv ( Fngi Ng. Fnuvxnhyun Fnhmrm Tyamgb (Vmoi Mrm~. Fnuvxnhyun Tiumg Mgvmx ( Fian|ix~ Fian|ix~ Uix|nei. +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

Tijhmgfngb+


4'<02=

=

4'<>8

=

4'=0=2

8

4'=>5

8

4'=5=8

5

4'==9

5

20

6'0'2'

Hmyxmg Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm (UFJ.

Lmovcx*lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg UFJ mgvmxm amng mfmam`; uvmgfmxnumun tixyum`mmg! txcfyovn|nvmu! txcuiu txcfyoun!

oigfman

jmgmkijig'

Hchcv

jyvy! `muna

ocjtigumun tignamnmg

omx~mrmg! fmg

fmg

txncxnvmu

oihnkmomg

lmovcx*lmovcx

tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg UFJ fmtmv fnan`mv tmfm Vmhia 8<' Fmxn vmhia fmtmv fnan`mv hm`rm fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg UFJ! oifym xiuvcxmg umjm* umjm jijhixn txncxnvmu tixvnjhmgbmg tixvmjm tmfm lmovcx txcfyovn|nvmu' Lmovcx txcfyovn|nvmu aihn` fnyvmjmomg omxigm oifym xiuvcxmg aihn` jigbyvmjmomg oijmjtymg fmg oximvnlnvmu omx~mrmg ~mgb ygbbya ui`ngbbm jigngbomvomg oijmjtymg txcfyoun (txcfyovn|nvmu. tixyum`mmg' Figbmg oijmjtymg txcfyoun ~mgb uijmong hmno jmom xiuvcxmg hnum jigb`munaomg oijmjtymg ~mgb aihn` hmno ambn fmamj jigngbomvomg tmgbum tmumx! mvmytyg fmamj jigngbomvomg oijmjtyamhmmg airmv oijmjtymg jigngbomvomg tigkymamg' Lmovcx ~mgb jigkmfn txncxnvmu tixvnjhmgbmg oifym mfmam` lmovcx txcuiu txcfyoun' Txcuiu txcfyoun uikmamg figbmg txcfyovn|nvmu! fnjmgm vmgtm mfmg~m txcuiu txcfyoun ~mgb hixkmamg figbmg hmno! jmom txcfyovn|nvmu momg vix`mjhmv tyam! uihmanog~m knom txcuiu txcfyoun hixkmamg figbmg hmno! jmom momg aihn` jyfm` ygvyo jigngbomvomg txcfyovn|nvmu tixyum`mmg' Ui`ngbbm fmamj ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m! txcuiu txcfyoun tixay ygvyo fntm`mjn cai` omx~mrmg figbmg uihmno jygbong! mbmx oximvnlnvmu fmg txcfyovn|nvmu omx~mrmg fmtmv fntixvm`mgomgm mvmytyg uijmong fnvngbomvomg' Vmhia 8<' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu lmovcx*lmovcx tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg UFJ Hchcv Txncxnvmu Lmovcx Hchcv Txncxnvmu Uvmgfmxnumun Tixyum`mmg Txcfyovnlnvmu Txcuiu Txcfyoun Oigfman Jyvy Ocjtigumun Omx~mrmg Oihnkmomg Jmgmkijig +Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P

4'=086 4'589= 4'886= 4'4>6> 4'4<80 4'==42

5 = 8 9 < 6

Tijhmgfngb+

Tijhmgfngb+

4'=086 4'589= 4'886= 4'4>6> 4'4<80 4'==42

5 = 8 9 < 6

Fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg UFJ ygvyo jigfyoygb fmamj tigemtmnmg vykymg tixyum`mmg! mfm hihixmtm oxnvixnm ~mgb hnum fnvixmtomg

2>

cai` tixyum`mmg! ~mnvy; tixioxyvmg fmg tig~iaiounmg omx~mrmg! tiamvn`mg omx~mrmg! fmg jcvn|mun omx~mrmg' Vmhia 82 jigygkyoomg hm`rm tiamvn`mg omx~mrmg jigkmfn txncxnvmu tixvmjm fmamj jiamoyomg tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg UFJ hmbn oifym xiuvcxmg! hmno xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv jmytyg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P uihmbmn tijhmgfngb' Mxvng~m oifym xiuvcxmg jigkmfnomg txncxnvmu oxnvixnm tixvmjm fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg UFJ figbmg jijhixnomg oiumfmxmg fmg oivixmjtnamg vix`mfmt omx~mrmg jigbigmn uvmgfmx oixkm fmg txcuifyx oixkm ~mgb fnvixmtomg cai` tixyum`mmg uiemxm hixoiamgkyvmg' Mtmhnam uivnmt omx~mrmg viam` vixamvn` figbmg hmno jmom omx~mrmg viam` jijnanon oijmjtymg fmamj jigb`munaomg txcfyo ~mgb uiuymn figbmg uvmgfmx oymanvmu tixyum`mmg fnjmgm txcfyo fmtmv jijhixnomg oitymumg hmbn ocguyjig! uixvm omx~mrmg kybm vixamvn` fmamj jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg ~mgb jijymuomg vix`mfmt ocguyjig ~mgb jijhian txcfyo fmxn xiuvcxmg' Gnamn hchcv tixioxyvmg fmg tig~iaiounmg omx~mrmg kybm eyoyt hiumx! ui`ngbbm eyoyt tigvngb ygvyo fnvixmtomg' Fnjmgm xiuvcxmg jijnanon uvmgfmx fmg tignamnmg vixuigfnxn fmamj jixioxyv omx~mrmg! uitixvn mfmg~m oiui`mvmg lnuno fmg tunonu! uixvm tigfnfnomg jngnjma UJY uifixmkmv' Gmjyg! fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg UFJ tmfm xiuvcxmg tn{{m tiamvn`mg omx~mrmg jigkmfn aihn` tigvngb! omxigm fmamj jiamoyomg txcuiu txcfyoun tmfm xiuvcxmg fmg jijhixnomg tiam~mg tmfm ocguyjig! jijixayomg oivixmjtnamg fmg oimànmg o`yuyu ~mgb vnfmo fnjnanon cai` omx~mrmg ummv mrma tixioxyvmg' Oijmjtymg fmg oimànmg vixuihyv vnfmo fntiamkmxn uiemxm yjyj! cai` omxigm nvy umgbmv fntixayomg mfmg~m tiamvn`mg hmbn omx~mrmg fmamj jigbijhmgbomg oijmjtymg fmg oimànmgg~m ui`ngbbm hnum jiamoyomg txcuiu txcfyoun figbmg vitmv fmg jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg uiuymn uvmgfmx tixyum`mmg' Vmhia 82' Hchcv fmg txncxnvmu oxnvixnm*oxnvixnm hmyxmg UF J Hchcv Oxnvixnm Hchcv Txncxnvmu Tixioxyvmg fmg Tig~iaiounmg Omx~mrmg Tiamvn`mg Omx~mrmg Jcvn|mun Omx~mrmg

4'8>5< 4'92<5 4'=54=

8 = 5

Tijhmgfngb+


4'649 4'692 4'=50

8 = 5

0=

OIUNJTYAMG FMG UMXMG =' Oiunjtyamg

Tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg fnamoyomg figbmg tigbijhmgbmg ocjtcgig hmyxmg tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg' Txncxnvmu hmyxmg tixvmjm hmbn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv mfmam` hmyxmg txcfyo figbmg hchcv uihiumx 4! 6==0' Jmom xiuvcxmg tn{{m aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg tigbijhmgbmg yum`mg~m airmv tigbijhmgbmg txcfyo kmumg~m! hmno figbmg jigbijhmgbomg txcfyo g~mvm (vmgbnhai txcfyev.

airmv

jmomgmg

~mgb

fnumknomg!

jmytyg

figbmg

jigbijhmgbomg txcfyo vnfmo g~mvm ( ngvmgbnhai txcfyev . airmv cxmgb mvmy UFJ ~mgb jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg' Fn`mxmtomg figbmg oihix`munamg fmamj jijhixnomg txcfyo vixhmno fmg tiam~mgmg airmv UFJ ~mgb vixamvn` jmom

0=

OIUNJTYAMG FMG UMXMG =' Oiunjtyamg

Tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn tijmumxmg fnamoyomg figbmg tigbijhmgbmg ocjtcgig hmyxmg tijmumxmg tixyum`mmg' Txncxnvmu hmyxmg tixvmjm hmbn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv mfmam` hmyxmg txcfyo figbmg hchcv uihiumx 4! 6==0' Jmom xiuvcxmg tn{{m aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg tigbijhmgbmg yum`mg~m airmv tigbijhmgbmg txcfyo kmumg~m! hmno figbmg jigbijhmgbomg txcfyo g~mvm (vmgbnhai txcfyev.

airmv

jmomgmg

~mgb

fnumknomg!

jmytyg

figbmg

jigbijhmgbomg txcfyo vnfmo g~mvm ( ngvmgbnhai txcfyev . airmv cxmgb mvmy UFJ ~mgb jijhixnomg tiam~mgmg' Fn`mxmtomg figbmg oihix`munamg fmamj jijhixnomg txcfyo vixhmno fmg tiam~mgmg airmv UFJ ~mgb vixamvn` jmom xiuvcxmg jmjty jixmn` tmgbum tmumx ~mgb aihn` aymu' Fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg txcjcun tixyum`mmg xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg tixnoamgmg figbmg hchcv uihiumx 4'69=4 omxigm txcjcun

airmv tixnoamgmg jijhixnomg ifyomun mvmy fnfnomg ~mgb aihn`

jigfmamj jigbigmn nglcxjmun xiuvcxmg oitmfm ocguyjig! ui`ngbbm ocguyjig jijnanon vngbomv tigbigmamg ~mgb aihn` hmno vix`mfmt xiuvcxmg' Fmamj tigbijhmgbmg tigivmtmg hmyxmg `mxbm ygvyo xiuvcxmg tn{{m aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg tigivmtmg `mxbm hixfmumxomg `yhygbmg figbmg tiamgbbmg (hchcv uihiumx 4!2>59.! figbmg vykymg ygvyo jijhngm fmg jigkmbm `yhygbmg kmgbom tmgkmgb figbmg tiamgbbmg' @ma ngn vixkmfn omxigm oijhman tmfm lmovcx tixvnjhmgbmg yvmjm ~mnvy cxnigvmun tmfm tixjngvmmg! fnjmgm uyjhix tixjngvmmg yvmjm fmxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m mfmam` tiamgbbmg! jmom xiuvcxmg uihmnog~m jigivmtomg `mxbm figbmg tignamnmg mtmom` tiamgbbmg jixmum `mxbm ~mgb fnhm~mxomg cai`g~m uiuymn figbmg gnamn ~mgb fntixcai`g~m fmxn txcfyo ~mgb fnhiang~m fnhiang~m fmxn xiuvcxmg' Fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg angn txcfyo uihmbmn txncxnvmu yvmjm mfmam` tixigvmgbmg

angn

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4!28=9.

figbmg

emxm

jigbmgiomxmbmjomg txcfyo fmamj `ma yoyxmg! `mxbm! uixvm |mxnmun kignu fmg xmum' Figbmg fijnonmg tiamgbbmg jijnanon tiaymgb ~mgb aihn` aymu ygvyo hnum jiamoyomg tijnan`mg txcfyo ~mgb uiuymn figbmg uiaixmg~m'

08

Fnuvxnhyun jmomg fnvijtmv ( fngi ng. jigkmfn txncxnvmu fnuvxnhyun ~mgb tixvmjm figbmg hchcv uihiumx 4!<02=' Fnuvxnhyun fn vijtmv jigkmfn txncxnvmu yvmjm omxigm aihn` jigbygvygbomg hmbn ocguyjig! hmno fmxn uibn tixvnjhmgbmg acomun! oymanvmu txcfyo! jmytyg hnm~m ~mgb `mxyu fnoiaymxomg cai` ocguyjig' Fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg UFJ! tiamvn`mg omx~mrmg jigkmfn txncxnvmu tixvmjm figbmg hchcv uihiumx 4'92<5' Tiamvn`mg omx~mrmg jigkmfn aihn` tigvngb! omxigm fmamj jiamoyomg txcuiu txcfyoun tmfm xiuvcxmg fmg jijhixnomg tiam~mg tmfm ocguyjig! jijixayomg oivixmjtnamg fmg oimànmg o`yuyu ~mgb vnfmo fnjnanon cai` omx~mrmg ummv mrma tixioxyvmg! uihmh oijmjtymg fmg oimànmg vixuihyv vnfmo fntiamkmxn uiemxm yjyj'

8' Umxmg

='

Txncxnvmu yvmjm fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg txcfyo mfmam` tixigvmgbmg angn txcfyo' Hixmxvn fmamj tigbijhmgbmg hmyxmg txcfyo xiuvcxmg tn{{m uihmnog~m jiamoyomgg~m figbmg emxm jigbmgiomxmbmjomg txcfyo fmamj `ma yoyxmg! `mxbm! uixvm |mxnmun kignu fmg xmum' Ocjtcunun fmumx tn{{m uitixvn xcvn fmg umyu muan tn{{m vivmt fntixvm`mgomg mbmx vnfmo jigb`namgbomg oimuanmgg~m! ~mgb tixay fnxigvmgbomg mfmam` vmjhm`mg |mxnmun vcttngb tn{{m! ui`ngbbm hnum jigmjhm` |mxnmun fmxn kignu fmg xmum tn{{m'

8'

Fmamj

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jigbyvmjmomg tiamvn`mg omx~mrmg figbmg hixytm~m jijhixnomg oiumfmxmg fmg oivixmjtnamg vix`mfmt omx~mrmg jigbigmn uvmgfmx oixkm fmg txcuifyx oixkm ~mgb fnvixmtomg cai` tixyum`mmg uiemxm hixoiamgkyvmg' 5'

Figbmg aihn` jijtxncxnvmuomg fnuvxnhyun jmomg fnvijtmv ( fngi ng. hixmxvn xiuvcxmg uihmnog~m aihn` jigbyvmjmomg tig~ixm`mg! tijmglmmvmg! fmg tiam~mgmg vix`mfmt txcfyo kmum xiuvcxmg fn fmamj acomun xiuvcxmg '

6'

Hmyxmg txcjcun ~mgb jigkmfn txncxnvmu mfmam` tixnoamgmg' Vmovno txncxnvmu tixvmjm fmamj tixnoamgmg mfmam` vmovno uiaioun jifnm' Figbmg fijnonmg tixyum`mmg uihmnog~m jiamoyomg txcjcun uiemxm gcg tixucgma

05

figbmg uioximvnl jygbong airmv jifnm unmxmg! jifnm eivmo! fmg hixhmbmn jifnm xymgb' 9'

Tigivmtmg `mxbm hixfmumxomg `yhygbmg figbmg tiamgbbmg figbmg vykymg ygvyo jijhngm fmg jigkmbm `yhygbmg kmgbom tmgkmgb figbmg tiamgbbmg' Tixyum`mmg hnum jiamoyomg vmovno tigmrmxmg `mxbm utiunma ygvyo jigemtmn vykymg vixuihyv! hmno figbmg mfmg~m `mxbm tmoiv mvmytyg figbmg jijhixnomg tcvcgbmg `mxbm'

06

FMLVMX TYUVMOM

Hnxc Tyumv Uvmvnuvno' 8446' Ocvm Hcbcx fmamj Mgbom' Hnxc Tyumv Uvmvnuvno' Hcbcx SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS 8449' Uvmvnuvno <4 Vm`yg Ngfcgiunm Jixfiom' Hnxc Tyumv Uvmvnuvno' Kmomxvm Bayieo! L' R' fmg A' X' Kmye`' =>>=' Jmgmkijig Uvxmvibn fmg Oihnkmomg Hnugnu' Ifnun Oivnbm' Ixamgbbm' Kmomxvm @ixngfmkmgvc! M! foo' =>>9' Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg Uyuy Hyhyo ygvyo Jigngbomvomg Tiaymgb Tmgbum Tmumx (Uvyfn Omuyu fn Fmixm` Hcbcx.' Kyxgma Viogcacbn Ngfyuvxn Tixvmgnmg NTH' Gcjcx 5' \cayji \' @mamjmg =52*=69 Kmjmxmg! N! foo' 8445' Lcxjyamun Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg Txcfyo Ocujivnom Vxmfnuncgma Jiamayn Mgmanunu Angboygbmg Ngvixgma fmg Iouvixgma Tixyum`mmg' Kyxgma Viogcacbn Ngfyuvxn Tixvmgnmg NTH' Gcjcx 8' \cayji PNNN' @mamjmg 9=*92 Ocvaix! T' =>>2' Jmgmkijig Tijmumxmg! Mgmanunu! Tixigemgmmg! Njtaijigvmun! fmg Ocgvxca' Knanf Fym' Ifnun Oiuijhnamg' TV Txig`maangfc' Kmomxvm SSSSSSSS 8444' Jmgmkijig Tijmumxmg' Knanf Umvy' Ifnun Jnaaignyj' TV Txig`maangfc' Kmomxvm SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS' SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS' Jmgmkijig Tijmumxmg' Knanf Fym' Ifnun Jnaaignyj' TV Txig`maangfc' Kmomxvm Ac|iaceo! E' @' fmg A' O' Rxnb`v' 8449' 8449' Jmgmkijig Tijmumxmg Kmum' Ifnun Hm`mum Ngfcgiunm' TV Ngvixjmum' Kmomxvm JeFcgmaf! J' =>>9' Uvxmvibne Jmgmbijigv Tamggngb' TV' Iaip Jifnm Ocjtyvngfc' Kmomxvm Jna'

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09

Yjmx! @' 844=' Uvxmvibne Jmgmbijigv Ng Mevncg' TV Bxmjifnm Tyuvmom Yvmjm' Kmomxvm SSSSSSSSSSSSS' Uvyfn Oiam~momg Hnugnu' TV Bxmjifnm Tyuvmom Yvmjm' Kmomxvm

0<

02

Amjtnxmg =' Uikmxm` Tixyum`mmg Uikmxm` Tn{{m @yv jyamn hixbyanx tmfm vm`yg =>90! fn Rne`nvm! Omgumu' Fym tijyfm hixumyfmxm hixgmjm Fmg fmg Lxmgo Emxgi~ mfmam` jm`munurm fn Rne`nvm Uvmvi Ygn|ixunv~! Rne`nvm! Omgumu!YUM' Oifym tijyfm ngn jijtixcai` tijnonxmg oximvnl ygvyo jijhyom uihym` xiuvcxmg tn{{m uiviam` jixiom jijhmem uihym` mxvnoia fn uyxmv omhmx Umvyxfm~ I|igngb Tcuv vigvmgb hixoijhmgbg~m tctyamxnvmu jmomgmg tn{{m' Figbmg jijngkmj ymgb uihiumx YU &<44 fmxn nhy jixiom! jmom jixiom jigfnxnomg uihym` xiuvcxmg tn{{m vitmvg~m tmfm vmgbbma =9 Kygn =>90' Oifym hixumyfmxm vixuihyv jigmjmn xiuvcxmg tn{{m jnano jixiom figbmg gmjm Tn{{m @yv' Gmjm ngn jygeya omxigm bifygb ~mgb jixiom uirm ygvyo jijhyom xiuvcxmg jijnanon tmtmg gmjm ~mgb `mg~m eyoyt jijymv uijhnamg omxmovix `yxyl' Fmxn uijhnamg `yxyl vixuihyv! Fmg fmg Lxmgo jigbngbngomg gmjm ‐tn{{m„ vixjmuyo ~mgb fnemgvyjomg tmfm tmtmg gmjm' Oijyfnm umam` uicxmgb mgbbcvm oiaymxbm jixiom jigbyuyaomg mbmx jigmjhmòmg omvm ‐ `yv„ ygvyo omxmovix ~mgb vixunum' Nfi ngn jygeya omxigm jian`mv xiuvcxmg oximun Fmg fmg Lxmgo ~mgb `yv' Tmfm hyamg Uitvijhix! vnbm hyamg uiviam` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv fnfnxnomg! xiuvcxmg vixuihyv viam` jigb`munaomg tigfmtmvmg ocvcx uihiumx YU &244 umjtmn YU &044 tix jngbby fmg tmfm hyamg Fiuijhix viam` jigemtmn aihn` fmxn YU &=044 tix jngbby' Oiuyouiumg mrma vixuihyv jijhixnomg tiaymgb oitmfm Fmg fmg Lxmgo ygvyo uibixm jijhyom fym emhmgb xiuvcxmg ambn' Oijyfnmg tmfm vm`yg =>9> unuvij rmxmamhm ( lxmge`nui. fnjyamn ygvyo Tn{{m @yv oivnom Fneo @muuyx! jmgmkix uihym` xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv! jigmgfmvmgbmgn tixkmgknmg lxmge`nui tixvmjm fmg jijhyom xiuvcxmg lxmge`nui tixvmjm fn Vctiom! Omgumu' Tixkmgknmg vixuihyv gjijhixnomg `mo oitmfm @muuyx ygvyo jigbbygmomg jixio vixfmlvmx Tn{{m @yv! xiuit xm`munm Tn{{m @yv! fmg ygvyo jigixnjm hmgvymg jmgmkijig fmxn oiaymxbm Emxgi~! uijymg~m `mg~m fmamj umvy `mxbm' Figbmg omvm amng! unuvij lxmge`nui ~mgb fntmomn cai` Tn{{m @yv mfmam` Tyxi Lxmge`nungb (Hyungiuu Lcxjmv Lxmge`nungb. fnjmgm tijhixn rmxmamhm ( lxmge`nucx . jijhixnomg lcxjmv ~mgb aigbomt jyamn fmxn jixio fmbmgb hmxmgb fmg kmum ygvyo fnkyma! tixmgbomv jmgmkijig! tigbmrmumg jyvy! kmayx fnuvxnhyun! fmg tiam~mgmg amngg~m oitmfm tijhian rmxmamhm ( lxmge`nuii.' Fn Ngfcgiunm! Tn{{m @yv `mfnx tmfm vm`yg =>06 uihmbmn xiuvcxmg tn{{m tixvmjm' Uihiayj xiuvcxmg tn{{m amngg~m `mfnx! Tn{{m @yv viam` jijnanon tigbbijmx uivnm fn Ngfcgiunm' Tn{{m @yv `mfnx fn Ngfcgiunm figbmg unuvij rmxmamhm Tyxi Lxmge`nungb (Hyungiuu Lcxjmv Lxmge`nungb.' Figbmg oixkm oixmu Tn{{m @yv hix`muna jixmn` oihix`munamg fn Ngfcgiunm! ui`ngbbm ummv ngn viam` fnhyom bixmn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv uihmg~mo =89' Fn Hcbcx! bixmn xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv ~mgb tixvmjm oman fnhyom hixacomun fn Ngvixgyum Tam{m tmfm vm`yg =>>8' Bixmn xiuvcxmg ngn jigbygfmgb hmg~mo tix`mvnmg fmxn tiamgbbmg fmg tigbbijmx tn{{m fn Hcbcx' Gmjyg! omxigm jigbmamjn higemgm oihmomxmg tmfm vm`yg =>>9! jmom uibixm fnhyom bixmn oifym tmfm vm`yg =>>< ~mgb hixacomun fn Bifygb Fnvvm! Ka' Xm~m Tmfkmkmxmg Gc' 8>! Hcbcx' Bixmn ngn jixytmomg bixmn ~mgb aymu! figbmg omtmunvmu vmjtygb =<4 cxmgb fmg vixjmuyo fmamj vnbm hiumx bixmn Tn{{m @yv vixhiumx fn Ngfcgiunm' Uijmong hixvmjhm`g~m tigbbijmx Tn{{m @yv fn Ocvm Hcbcx jijhixnomg tiaymgb ygvyo jijhyom fym bixmn hmxy ambn fn Ocvm Hcbcx' Tmfm vm`yg 844= fnhyom bixmn Tn{{m @yv fn Rmxygb Kmjhy! fmg tmfm vm`yg 8449 fnhyom bixmn Tn{{m @yv fn Hcbcx Ngfm` Tam{m'

00

Amjtnxmg 8' Fmlvmx Jigy Tn{{m @yv FMLVMX JIGY TN[[M @YV (MTXNA! 844<. TXCFYO UIGUMUN FIANB@V Uigumun Fianb`v Hixfym Uigumun Fianb`v Hixijtmv JNGYJMG

Hmgmgm Hixx~ Jnaou`moi Ugcr~ Anji Nvmanmg Xif Ucfm Jce`m Lacmv Lxiu` Lxynv Kynei (vcjmv! gmgmu! titm~m! jiacg! uijmgbom. Lxynv~ Lacmv (vcjmv! gmgmu! titm~m! jiacg! uijmgbom. M|cemfc Kynei M|cemfc Lacmv Jnaou`moi (|mgnaam! uvxmrhixx~! ecoamv. Lm|cyxnvi Lacmv Lxynv Tyge` Cxmgbi Kynei Lxiu` Anji Kynei#U}ymu` Fnajm` Vim Ecem*ecam! Utxnvi! Lmgvm! Antvcg Nei Vim Ecem*ecam! Utxnvi! Lmgvm! Antvcg Nei Vim (Tnveìx. Fniv Ecoi M}ym Hcvvai Ipeiauc Hameo Ecllii @cv Emttyengc Ecaf Lxmtti Emlli Amvvi TN[[M Fianb`v E`cnei ; Vygm Jiav? Hiil Cgncg? Hiilcxg Tmg Tixucgma (oiena. Tmg Jifnyj (uifmgb. Tmg Amxbi (hiumx. Figbmg uvyllif exyuv (tngbbnxmg oiky mvmy ucunu fn fmamj. Jifnyj Amxbi Figbmg eìiu~ exyuv (tngbbnxmg oiky# ucunu fn fmamj fmg oiky fn aymx. Jifnyj Amxbi Figbmg eìi{hyxuv (tngbbnxmg oiky ~b jig~ijhya oiaymx. Jifnyj Amxbi

@MXBM

Xt' 85'<5
Xt' =='0=0!* Xt' =4'699!* Xt' 2'825!* Xt' =8'825!* Xt' =4'>4>!* Xt' =8'825!* Xt' =='0=0!* Xt' =5'=08!* Xt' =='0=0!* Xt' >'969!* Xt' =4'>4>!* Xt' 0'<54>!* Xt' <'5<6!* Xt' 88'828!* Xt' <'5<6!* Xt' 6'969!* Xt' 9'>4>!* Xt' =='5<6!* Xt' =='5<6!* Xt' >'4>=!*

Xt' >'4>=!* Xt' 8='0=0!* Xt' 55'<5
Xt' 64'696!* Xt' 9<'5<5!* Xt' 5<'0=0!* Xt' 96'969!*

0> Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 8' Hmune E`cnei ; Fiaypi Eìiui Tmg Tixucgma (oiena. Tmg Jifnyj (uifmgb. Tmg Amxbi (hiumx. Figbmg uvyllif exyuv (tngbbnxmg oiky mvmy ucunu fn fmamj. Jifnyj Amxbi Figbmg eìiu~ exyuv (tngbbnxmg oiky# ucunu fn fmamj fmg oiky fn aymx. Jifnyj Amxbi Figbmg eìi{hyxuv (tngbbnxmg oiky ~b jig~ijhya oiaymx. Jifnyj Amxbi Lm|cyxnvi E`cnei ; @mrmnnmg E`neoig? Hiivmvc Tittixcgn? Mjixnemg Lm|cyxnvi? E`neoig Lm|cxnvi? \ibivmhai Lm|cyxnvi Tmg Tixucgma (oiena. Tmg Jifnyj (uifmgb. Tmg Amxbi (hiumx. Figbmg uvyllif exyuv (tngbbnxmg oiky mvmy ucunu fn fmamj. Jifnyj Amxbi Figbmg eìiu~ exyuv (tngbbnxmg oiky# ucunu fn fmamj fmg oiky fn aymx. Jifnyj Amxbi Figbmg eìi{hyxuv (tngbbnxmg oiky ~b jig~ijhya oiaymx. Jifnyj Amxbi Utienmav~ E`cnei ; Utne~ Vygm? M~mj Amfm @nvmj? Jimv Ac|ixu? Tittixcgn Ac|ixu? Utanv{m (o`yuyuJifnyj.?]ymf{m (o`yuyuAmxbi. Tmg Tixucgma (oiena. Tmg Jifnyj (uifmgb. Tmg Amxbi (hiumx. Figbmg uvyllif exyuv (tngbbnxmg oiky mvmy ucunu fn fmamj. Jifnyj Amxbi Figbmg eìiu~ exyuv (tngbbnxmg oiky# ucunu fn fmamj fmg oiky fn aymx. Jifnyj Amxbi Figbmg eìi{hyxuv (tngbbnxmg oiky ~b jig~ijhya oiaymx. Jifnyj Amxbi

Xt' >'4>=!* Xt' 8='0=0!* Xt' 55'<5
Xt' 64'696!* Xt' 9<'5<5!* Xt' 5<'0=0!* Xt' 96'969!*

Xt' =8'282!* Xt' 8>'4>=!* Xt' 6='0=0!* Xt' 64'696!* Xt' 99'696!*

Xt' 62'282!* Xt' <6'969!* Xt' 66'4>=!* Xt' <8'282!*

Xt' =5'<5
Xt' 94'696!* Xt' <>'4>=!* Xt' 6<'0=0!* Xt' <2'825!*

>4 Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 8' Fiaypi E`cnei ; Uytix Uytxiji Tmg Tixucgma (oiena. Tmg Jifnyj (uifmgb. Tmg Amxbi (hiumx. Figbmg uvyllif exyuv (tngbbnxmg oiky mvmy ucunu fn fmamj. Jifnyj Amxbi Figbmg eìiu~ exyuv (tngbbnxmg oiky# ucunu fn fmamj fmg oiky fn aymx. Jifnyj Amxbi Figbmg eìi{hyxuv (tngbbnxmg oiky ~b jig~ijhya oiaymx. Jifnyj Amxbi

Xt' =6'969!* Xt' 59'699!* Xt' 98'282!* Xt' 6<'0=0!* Xt' <<'5<5!*

Xt' 96'4>=!* Xt' 29'696!* Xt' 94'696!* Xt' <2'825!*

Uimlccf Ac|ixu Tmg Tixucgma (oiena. Tmg Jifnyj (uifmgb. Tmg Amxbi (hiumx. Figbmg uvyllif exyuv (tngbbnxmg oiky mvmy ucunu fn fmamj. Jifnyj Amxbi Figbmg eìiu~ exyuv (tngbbnxmg oiky# ucunu fn fmamj fmg oiky fn aymx. Jifnyj Amxbi Figbmg eìi{hyxuv (tngbbnxmg oiky ~b jig~ijhya oiaymx. Jifnyj Amxbi TMUVM FMG GMUN

Xt' =0'=08!* Xt' 50'=08!* Xt' 9<'5<6!*

Ujcoi Uc~ E`neoig Utmbìvvn Utnei Anji E`neoig Utmbìvvn Hameo Tittix E`neoig Utmbìvvn Cxnigvma E`neoig Utmbìvvn Uimlccf Utmbìvvn Hiil Utmbìvvn (ujmaa. Hiil Utmbìvvn (amxbi. Lyunan Vygm Tifmu (ujmaa. Lyunan Vygm Tifmu (amxbi. Hiil Livvyengn (ujmaa. Hiil Livvyengn (amxbi. Hiil Amumbgm Gmun Vcxvnaam M~mj Cxnigvma Gmun Vcxvnaam M~mj Amfm @nvmj Gmun Vcxvnaam Umtn Kmjyx Gmun Vcxvnaam Vygm Tifmu

Xt' 84'444!* Xt' 84'444!* Xt' 84'444!* Xt' 8='0=0!* Xt' 86'969!* Xt' 0'=08!* Xt' =2'825!* Xt' 0'=08!* Xt' =2'825!* Xt' >'4>=!* Xt' =0'=08!* Xt' 86'969!* Xt' 88'282!* Xt' 88'282!* Xt' 88'282!* Xt' 84'>4>!*

Xt' 6>'969!* Xt' 24'444!*

Xt' 9<'0=0!* Xt' 2>'4>=!* Xt' 95'=08!* Xt' 22'825!*

>= Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 8' MTTIVN[IXU E`neoig ]yiumfnaam Tcvmvc Rifbiu Hiil Umyumbi Hnviu Cgncg Xngb ]ymf Mttivn{ixu Gir Cxaimgu E`neoig Rngbu (< tcvcgb. tcvcgb. Gir Cxaimgu E`neoig Rngbu (=4 tcvcgb. tcvcgb. Xcmuvif \ibivmhai Hxyueìvvm Hiil Hxyueìvvm Txmrg Hxyueìvvm Bmxanehximf Bmxane Eìiuihximf Umamf Hmx Ucyt Cl Vì Fm~ Ucyt mgf Umamf Tyll Tyuvx~ Uyt Oxnj Kmjyx FIUUIXV Nei Eximj Uygfmi Nei Eximj Ungbai Uecct Nei Eximj Fcyhai Uecct Hmgmgm Utanv

Xt' =='0=0!* Xt' =4'444!* Xt' =8'282!* Xt' =4'444!* Xt' =5'=08!* Xt' =<'5<6!* Xt' 8<'<54>!* Xt' <'0=0!* Xt' >'969!* Xt' =<'5<6!* Xt' 9'699!* Xt' =>'4>=!* Xt' =4'444!* Xt' 9'>4>!* Xt' 5'=08!* Xt' 9'444!* Xt' =='0=0!*

>8

Amjtnxmg 5' Oynuncgix Tigianvnmg OYNUNCGIX TIGIANVNMG

‑MGMANUNU HMYXMG TIJMUMXMG XIUVCXMG TN[[M‚ (Uvyfn Omuyu fn Tn{{m @yv! Tmfkmkmxmg 8>! Hc bcx.

Cai` ; AMJHCO JMXNM @YVMHMXMV @86=48448


Ui`yhygbmg figbmg mfmg~m tiamoumgmmg vybmu mo`nx uihmbmn u~mxmv ygvyo oiayayumg fmxn Fitmxvijig Jmgmkijig! Lmoyavmu Iocgcjn fmg Jmgmkmjig! Nguvnvyv Tixvmgnmg Hcbcx! jmom um~m jiamoyomg tigianvnmg jigbigmn mgmanunu vix`mfmt hmyxmg tijmumxmg xiuvcxmg tn{{m figbmg jigbmgbomv kyfya tigianvnmg ‑Mgmanunu Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m‚ (Uvyfn Omuyu fn Tn{{m @yv! Tmfkmkmxmg 8>! Hcbcx.' Ui`yhygbmg figbmg `ma tigianvnmg vixuihyv! ygvyo hnum jijtixcai` fmvm! jiamoyomg tigbcam`mg fmvm! fmg jijtixcai` `muna ` muna fmxn tigianvnmg jmom um~m um~ m jijc`cg oitmfm hmtmo#nhy ygvyo hixuifnm jiaymgbomg rmovy fmamj jigbnun oynuncgix ngn' Mfmtyg `muna fmxn tigbnunmg oynuncgix ngn uiamgkyvg~m momg um~m cam` figbmg jivcfi Txcuiu @nxmxon Mgmanvno ~mgb fn`mxmtomg fmtmv jigb`munaomg hchcv fmg txncxnvmu hmyxmg tijmumxmg vixtnan` hmbn xiuvcxmg tn{{m' Oixkm umjm fmg oihixuifnmmg hmtmo#nhy fmamj jiamoyomg tigbnunmg oynuncgix ngn umgbmv um~m `mxmtomg fmg umgbmv hixbygm hmbn tigianvnmg um~m' Fijnonmgam` tixjc`cgmg tigbnunmg oynuncgix ngn um~m umjtmnomg' Um~m jigbyemtomg vixnjm omun` hmg~mo mvmu oixkm umjm! tix`mvnmg! fmg rmovy ~mgb viam` hmtmo#nhy aymgbomg ygvyo jigbnun oynuncgix ngn' @cxjmv um~m!

Amjhco Jmxnm @vh'

>5

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' TIVYGKYO TIGBNUNMG

=' Tixvmg~mmg ~mgb fnmkyomg momg hixhigvyo tixhmgfngbmg mgvmxm uymvy iaijig figbmg iaijig hmxnu amngg~m' 8' Kmrmhmg fmxn tixvmg~mmg vixuihyv fnhixn gnamn cai` xiutcgfig hixfmumxomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg fmxn iaijig*iaijig ~mgb fnhmgfngbomg f nhmgfngbomg uiemxm hixtmumgbmg' 5' Gnamn ocjtmxmun ~mgb fnhixnomg jijtyg~mn uomam =*> mvmy oihmanomgg~m (=#8!…!=#>. fmg fnvyanu fmamj ocvmo*ocvmo ~mgb vixuifnm' Filngnun fmxn gnamn uomam ~mgb fnbygmomg ygvyo gnamn ocjtmxmun fnvigvyomg uihmbmn hixnoyv; Gnamn Uomam =

5 9

2 >

8!6!
Filngnun

Tigkiamumg

Oifym iaijig umjm tigvngbg~m' Iaijig ~mgb umvy uifnonv aihn` tigvngb fmxntmfm iaijig ~mgb amngg~m' Iaijig ~mgb umvy umgbmv tigvngb fmxntmfm iaijig ~mgb amngg~m' Umvy iaijig kiamu aihn` tigvngb fmxntmfm iaijig ~mgb amngg~m' Umvy iaijig jyvamo aihn` tigvngb fmxntmfm iaijig ~mgb amngg~m' Gnamn*gnamn fn mgvmxm fym tixvnjhmgbmg ~mgb hixfiomvmg'

Fym iaijig jig~yjhmgb umjm hiumx tmfm unlmv nvy' Tigbmamjmg fmg tixvnjhmgbmg uifnonv jig~cocgb umvy iaijig mvmu ~mgb amngg~m' Tigbmamjmg fmg tixvnjhmgbmg figbmg oymv jig~cocgb umvy iaijig mvmu iaijig ~mgb amngg~m' Umvy iaijig figbmg oymv fnucocgb fmg fcjngmgg~m viam` vixan`mv fmamj txmovio' Hyovn ~mgb jig~cocgb iaijig ~mgb umvy mvmu ~mgb amngg~m jijnanon vngbomv tigibmumg ~mgb vixvngbbn ~mgb jygbong jigbymvomg' Ocjtxcjn fntix`mvnomg fn mgvmxm fym tixvnjhmgbmg'

Ecgvc` tigbnunmg;

Yum`m jigigvyomg Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg ~mgb fnkmamgomg cai` Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv ygvyo hixumngb fmamj ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m! vixfmtmv igmj lmovcx ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n ~mnvy lmovcx M! H! E! F! I! L' Hixfmumxomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg fmg `yhygbmgg~m fmamj tigivmtmg Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg! jmom lmovcx*lmovcx vixuihyv fmtmv fnuyuyg fmamj higvyo vmhia tixhmgfngbmg mgvmx lmovcx uihmbmn hixnoyv; LMOVCX M H E F I L

M =

H 5m. =

E = 9 =

F =#5 h. =#8i. > =

I 6e. 5 9 0 =

L 2f. 9 =#9 = < =

Oivixmgbmg; Gnamn tmfm m. ; lmovcx M uifnonv aihn` tigvngb fnhmgfngbomg figbmg lmovcx H' Gnamn tmfm h. ; lmovcx F uifnonv aihn` tigvngb fnhmgfngbomg figbmg lmovcx M' Gnamn tmfm e. ; lmovcx M mgvmxm uifnonv aihn` tigvngb figbmg aihn` tigvngb fnhmgfngbomg figbmg lmovcx I' f. Gnamn tmfm ; lmovcx M umgbmv aihn` tigvngb fnhmgfngbomg figbmg lmovcx L' i. Gnamn tmfm ; lmovcx F mgvmxm umjm tigvngb figbmg uifnonv aihn` tigvngb fnhmgfngbomg figbmg lmovcx H'

>6

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' TIGBIJHMGBMG UVXMVIBN TIJCUNUNMG ( TCUNVNCGNGB. TCUNVNCGNGB. XIUVCXMG TN[[M @YV

N'

FILNGNUN M' OXNVIXNM

=' Txcfyo fmg Oymanvmu Txcfyo Tijcununmg txcfyo fn tmumx hixfmumxomg mvxnhyv txcfyo' 8' @mxbm Tijcununmg txcfyo fn tmumx hixfmumxomg `mxbm txcfyo' 5' Tijmomn Txcfyo Tijcununmg txcfyo fn tmumx hixfmumxomg tijmomn#tigbbygm txcfyo' 6' Oiamu Txcfyo Tijcununmg txcfyo fn tmumx hixfmumxomg oiamu txcfyo ~mgb fnvmrmxomg' 9' Tiumngb Tijcununmg txcfyo fn tmumx hixfmumxomg tixumngbmg fmxn txcfyo*txcfyo tiumngb ~mgb mfm fn tmumx' H' UVXMVIBN MAVIXGMVNL =' Ungbai Higilnv Tcunvncgngb Uvxmvib~ Tigigvymg tcunun txcfyo fn tmumx figbmg jmglmmv vygbbma' 8' Jyavn Higilnv Tcunvncgngb Uvxmvib~ Tigigvymg tcunun txcfyo fn tmumx figbmg fym jmglmmv mvmy aihn`' NN' TIGBNUNMG JMVXNOU HMGFNGB HIXTMUMGBMG

=' Fmamj tigigvymg uvxmvibn tijcununmg ~mgb momg fnvixmtomg cai` tixyum`mmg! mfm igmj oxnvixnm ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n! ~mnvy; Txcfyo#Oymanvmu Txcfyo (TFO.! @mxbm (@XB.! Tijmomn Txcfyo (TT.! Oiamu Txcfyo (OT.! fmg Tiumngb (TU.' Hmgfngbomg vngbomv tigbmxy` xiamvnl jmungb*jmungb oxnvixnm fmamj tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn tijcununmg Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv ygvyo hixumngb hixumngb fmamj ngfyuvxn xiuvcxmg tn{{m' LMOVCX TFO @XB TT OT TU

TFO =

@XB

TT

OT

TU

= = = =

8' Uvxmvibn mavixgmvnl tmfm uvxmvibn tigigvymg tcunun txcfyo fn tmumx mfm fym ~mnvy; Uvxmvibn Ungbai Higilnv Tcunvncgngb (UHT. fmg Uvxmvibn Jyavn Higilnv Tcunvncgngb (JHT.' Hmgfngbomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg mavixgmvnl uvxmvibn tijcununmg vixuihyv vix`mfmt uivnmt oxnvixnm tijcununmg; m' Vix`mfmt oxnvixnm Txcfyo fmg Oymanvmu Txcfyo TOT UHT JHT

UHT =

JHT =

>9

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' h' Vix`mfmt oxnvixnm @mxbm @XB UHT JHT

UHT =

JHT =

e' Vix`mfmt oxnvixnm Tijmomn Txcfyo TT UHT JHT

UHT =

JHT =

f' Vix`mfmt oxnvixnm Oiamu Txcfyo OT UHT JHT

UHT =

JHT =

i' Vix`mfmt oxnvixnm Tiumngb TU UHT JHT

UHT =

JHT = TIGBIJHMGBMG UVXMVIBN TIJMUMXMG XIUVCXMG TN[[M @YV

N'

FILNGNUN M' LMOVCX

=' Ocgfnun Lngmgunma Tixyum`mmg Oijmjtymg oiymgbmg tixyum`mmg mvmy hiumxg~m fmgm ~mgb vixuifnm ygvyo movn|nvmu tijmumxmg' 8' Omtmunvmu Tixyum`mmg Hiumxg~m oijmjtymg fmg lmunanvmu ~mgb vixuifnm ~mgb fnjnanon cai` tixyum`mmg ygvyo movn|nvmu tijmumxmg' 5' Ocjtcgig Jmgmkijig Kmum Iaijig txcfyo! rmovy fmg vijtmv! txcuiu! txcfyovn|nvmu fmg oymanvmu! cxmgb! txcjcun fmg ifyomun! hyovn lnuno! `mxbm! fmg hnm~m kmum amngg~m! ~mgb jijtigbmxy`n tixigemgmmg fmg tiamoumgmmg oibnmvmg tijmumxmg uiemxm vixoccxfngmun' vixoccxfngmun' 6' Unomt Ocguyjig Hmbmnjmgm ocguyjig hixiomun vix`mfmt txcfyo ~mgb fnvygkyoomg cai` tixnamoy ocguyjig fmg hmbmnjmgm ocguyjig jijtixcai` oitymumg momg gnamn ~mgb fn`mxmtomg fmxn txcfyo' 9' Tiumngb Jixytmomg ximoun fmxn unuvij tijmumxmg ~mgb fnkmamgomg fmg jijtixonxmomg movn|nvmu tixamrmgmg ~mgb fnhixnomg' <' Ocgfnun Iocgcjn! Ucunma! fmg Tcanvno Ocgfnun iocgcjn jigemoyt unoayu hnugnu! nglamun! uyoy hygbm! ng|iuvmun! vngbomv `mxbm! txcfyovn|nvmu fmg vigmbm oixkm' Ocgfnun ucunma jigemoyt unomt! bm~m `nfyt! mfmv*nuvnmfmv!

><

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' fmg oihnmummg jmu~mxmomv fn uionvmx angboygbmg tixyum`mmg' Ocgfnun tcanvno uitixvn ygfmgb* ygfmgb (YY. angboygbmg! YY oivigmbm oixkmmg! YY rmxmamhm! unuvij tixtmkmomg! uvmhnanvmu tijixngvm`! tixmvyxmg oimjmgmg fmg oiui`mvmg oixkm' oixkm' H'

VYKYMG TIJMUMXMG TIXYUM@MMG

=' Jigngbomvomg \cayji Tigkymamg Jigngbomvomg tigkymamg ~mgb fnvmgfmn figbmg vcvma tigkymamg tixyum`mg fmxn vm`yg oi vm`yg' 8' Jigngbomvomg Tixvyjhy`mg Tmgbum Tmumx Tixvyjhy`mg tmgbum tmumx fng~mvmomg fmxn hmbnmg tmumx ~mgb fntixcai` tixyum`mmg fmxn oiuiayxy`mg tmumx ngfyuvxn' 5' Jigngbomvomg Txclnvmhnanvmu Jigngbomvg~m jmxbng oiygvygbmg ~mgb fntixcai` tixyum`mmg ~mgb fng~mvmomg fmamj xmunc oiygvygbmg vix`mfmt tigkymamg' E'

OXNVIXNM HMYXMG

=' Tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Txcjcun Txcjcun jixytmomg ocjygnomun tijmumxmg ygvyo jijtixoigmaomg txcfyo fmg jmglmmv txcfyo oitmfm ocguyjig uixvm jijhykyo jijhykyo ocguyjig ygvyo jijhian txcfyo' 8' Tigbijhmgbmg Tigivmtmg Hmyxmg @mxbm Tigigvymg `mxbm kyma txcfyo fn tmumxmg figbmg jijtixvnjhmgbomg lmovcx oiygvygbmg! hnm~m txcfyoun! fmg `mxbm tiumngb' 5' Tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Angn Txcfyo Tixyum`mmg jiamoyomg tigbijhmgbmg txcfyo fmg oymanvmu txcfyo ygvyo jigngbomvomg tigkymamg fmg jigemtmn oiygbbyamg hixumngb' 6' Tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Fnuvxnhyun Tigbcxbmgnumunmg oibnmvmg tig~mjtmnmg txcfyo oitmfm ocguyjig' 9' Tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm (UFJ. Hmbmnjmgm tixmgmg UFJ fmamj jijhmgvy tigemtmnmg vykymg fmxn cxbmgnumun tixyum`mmg' NN' TIGBNUNMG JMVXNOU TIGFMTMV

=' Fmamj jigigvyomg tigbijhmgbmg Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg ~mgb momg fnvixmtomg! mfm igmj lmovcx ~mgb momg tixay fntixvnjhmgbomg! ~mnvy; Ocgfnun Lngmgunma Tixyum`mmg (OLT.! Omtmunvmu Tixyum`mmg (OT.! Ocjtcgig Jmgmkijig Kmum (OJK.! Unomt Ocguyjig (UO.! Tiumngb (TU.! fmg Ocgfnun Iocgcjn! Ucunma! fmg Tcanvno (OIUT.' Hmgfngbomg hixfmumxomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg mvmy hixfmumxomg tigbmxy` vngbomv oitigvngbmg mgvmxm umvy lmovcx figbmg lmovcx amng fmamj tigbijhmgbmg Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv' LMOVCX OLT OT OJK UO TU OIUT

OLT =

OT

OJK

UO

TU

OIUT

= = = = =

>2

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' 8' Mfm vnbm vykymg uvxmvibn ~mgb fmtmv fnkmamgomg fmg ygvyo fnemtmn cai` tixyum`mmg ui`yhygbmg figbmg tigbijhmgbmg Uvxmvibn Tijmumxmg! ~mnvy; Jigngbomvomg \cayji Tigkymamg (J\T.! Jigngbomvomg Tixvyjhy`mg Tmgbum Tmumx (JT5.! fmg Jigngbomvomg Txclnvmhnanvmu (JT.' Hmgfngbomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg xiamvnl mgvmxm oivnbm vykymg tijmumxmg vixuihyv vix`mfmt oiigmj lmovcx tijmumxmg ~mgb mfm; m' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Ocgfnun Lngmgunma Tixyum`mmg OLT J\T JT5 JT

J\T =

JT5

JT

= =

h' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Omtmunvmu Tixyum`mmg OT J\T JT5 JT

J\T =

JT5

JT

= =

e' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Ocjtcgig Jmgmkijig Kmum OJK J\T JT5 JT

J\T =

JT5

JT

= =

f' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Unomt Ocguyjig UO J\T JT5 JT

J\T =

JT5

JT

= =

i' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Tiumngb TU J\T JT5 JT

l'

J\T =

JT5

JT

= =

Vix`mfmt lmovcx Ocgfnun Iocgcjn! Ucunma! fmg Tcanvno OIUT J\T JT5 JT

J\T =

JT5

JT

= =

>0

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' 5' Mfm anjm oxnvixnm tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg ~mgb fmtmv fnamoyomg ygvyo jigemtmn vykymg fmxn tixyum`mmg vixuihyv'! ~mnvy; Tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Txcjcun (HT.! Tigbijhmgbmg Tigivmtmg Hmyxmg @mxbm (TH@.! Tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Angn Txcfyo (HAT.! Tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Fnuvxnhyun (HF. fmg Tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm (UFJ.' Hmgfngbomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg xiamvnl mgvmxm oianjm oxnvixnm tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg ygvyo jigemtmn oivnbm vykymg tijmumxmg ~mgb mfm; m' Vix`mfmt vykymg Jigngbomvomg \cayji Tigkymamg J\T HT TH@ HAT HF UFJ

HT =

TH@

HAT

HF

UFJ

= = = =

h' Vix`mfmt vykymg Jigngbomvomg Tixvyjhy`mg Tmgbum Tmumx JT5 HT TH@ HAT HF UFJ

HT =

TH@

HAT

HF

UFJ

= = = =

e' Vix`mfmt vykymg Jigngbomvomg Txclnvmhnanvmu JT HT TH@ HAT HF UFJ

HT =

TH@

HAT

HF

UFJ

= = = = TIGBIJHMGBMG HMYXMG TXCJCUN XIUVCXMG TN[[M @YV

N'

FILNGNUN M' LMOVCX

m' Lmovcx Txcfyo Lmovcx txcfyo fmamj tigigvymg uvxmvibn txcjcun jiantyvn unlmv txcfyo! oymanvmu txcfyo! oiygbbyamg txcfyo! fmg oivm`mgmg txcfyo' h' Lmovcx Tmumx Lmovcx tmumx jiantyvn tcunun txcfyo fmamj fmyx `nfyt txcfyo! tmgbum tmumx! ocguigvxmun ngfyuvxn! ngvigunvmu ocjtivnun! fmg bmjhmxmg tixjngvmmg' e' Lmovcx Tiamgbbmg Lmovcx tiamgbbmg jiantyvn tiamgbbmg xyjm` vmgbbm#tiamgbbmg hnugnu! oymgvnvmu tiamgbbmg! fmg ocguigvxmun tiamgbbmg'

>>

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' f' Lmovcx Mgbbmxmg Uyjhix fm~m oiymgbmg tixyum`mmg' i' Lmovcx Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg Lmovcx hmyxmg tijmumxmg jiantyvn `mxbm xiamvnl#oymanvmu xiamvnl! uvxmvibn fnuvxnhyun! hxmgf anli e~eai! emoytmg tmumx! fmg tigbiacammg uyjhix fm~m jmgyunm (UFJ.' H' OXNVIXNM HMYXMG TXCJCUN m' Tixnoamgmg Higvyo tig~mknmg fmg txcjcun nfi hmxmgb fmg kmum uiemxm gcg*tixucgma ygvyo jigbnglcxjmunomg! jigfnfno! fmg jijhykyo myfnigu umumxmg' h' Ocjygnomun Txnhmfn Tixvijymg mgvmx txnhmfn figbmg vmvmt jyom ygvyo jigfnfno tiamgbbmg fmg jijtxcjcunomg txilixigun ygvyo jixio mvmy txcfyo vixvigvy' vixvigvy' e' Txcjcun Tigkymamg Oyjtyamg mamv*mamv ngvigunl ~mgb hixmbmj! uihmbnmg hiumx hixkmgbom tigfio! fnxmgemgb ygvyo jigfcxcgb tijhianmg uymvy txcfyo#kmum vixvigvy uiemxm aihn` eitmv fmg#mvmy aihn` hiumx cai` ocguyjig' f' @yhygbmg Jmu~mxmomv Hixhmbmn txcbxmj ~mgb fnxmgemgb cai` tixyum`mmg ygvyo jigyjhyòmg nvnomf hmno vix`mfmt tixyum`mmg fn jmvm ngfn|nfy fmg oiacjtco jmu~mxmomv hixoitigvngbmg' E' UYH OXNVIXNM HMYXMG (VMOVNO. TXCJCUN m' Uiaioun Jifnm Noamg airmv jifnm unmxmg (viai|nun mvmy xmfnc.! jifnm eivmo (ocxmg! jmkmam`! mvmy vmhacnf.! fmg jifnm aymx xymgb (tcuvix! xioamji! tiumg iaiovxcgno! fmg hmòmg hyu.' h' Tijmumxmg Amgbuygb Ocjygnomun umvy mxm` oitmfm uikyjam` tiamgbbmg umumxmg jiamayn uyxmv! lmou! viaitcg! mvmy i*jmna' e' Tigkymamg Txnhmfn Ocjygnomun fym mxm` mgvmxm omx~mrmg kmum figbmg tiamgbbmg ~mgb fnxmgemgb ygvyo amgbuygb jijtigbmxy`n txcuiu tijhianmg' f' Am~mgmg Tiamgbbmg Tig~ifnmmg iaijig*iaijig kmum tiaigbomt cai` omx~mrmg ~mgb vnfmo uiemxm o`yuyu fnvybmuomg fmamj tigkymamg' i' Fnuocg Kmgbom Tigfio Vmrmxmg o`yuyu hixytm tcvcgbmg `mxbm tijhianmg uiamjm oyxyg rmovy vixvigvy l' Oytcg#\cyeìx Vmrmxmg vixvyanu ygvyo jijtixcai` txcfyo vixvigvy uiemxm bxmvnu mvmy figbmg `mxbm fnuocg' b' Tmoiv @mxbm Tigbìjmvmg fmxn `mxbm hnmum figbmg jijhian txcfyo ~mgb viam` fntmoivomg' `' Tyhanomun Ytm~m jigkmgbomy fmg jijtigbmxy`n tmumx umumxmg figbmg jijtyhanomunomg amtcxmg vm`ygmg! hxcuyx! mxvnoia! amtcxmg hixomam! fmg jmkmam` tixyum`mmg' n' Oibnmvmg Tiam~mgmg Jmu~mxmomv Tixyum`mmg fmtmv jigngbomvomg envxm hmno fn jmu~mxmomv figbmg jijhixnomg ymgb fmg rmovy figbmg gnmv hmno' k' Jifnm Nfigvnvmu Tixyum`mmg jigentvmomg nfigvnvmu |nuyma mbmx fnoigman jmu~mxmomv! uitixvn acbc tixyum`mmg! hxcuyx! vmgfm! lcxjyanx! mamv vyanu! omxvy hnugnu! hmgbygmg! fmg tmomnmg'

=44

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' NN' TIGBNUNMG JMVXNOU TIGFMTMV =' Fmamj tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Txcjcun! mfm anjm lmovcx ~mgb tixay fntixvnjhmgbomg! ~mnvy; Lmovcx Txcfyo (Txf.! Lmovcx Tmumx (Tux.! (Tux.! Lmovcx Tiamgbbmg (Tabg.! Lmovcx Mgbbmxmg (Mgb.! (Mgb.! fmg Lmovcx Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg (HT.' Hmgfngbomg hixfmumxomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg mvmy tigbmxy` fmxn umvy lmovcx figbmg lmovcx amng fmamj tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Txcjcun Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv' Txf Tux Tabg Mgb HT LMOVCX Txf = Tux = Tabg = Mgb = HT =

8' Ijtmv oxnvixnm ~mgb fmtmv fnkmamgomg cai` tixyum`mmg ui`yhygbmg figbmg figbmg lmovcx Hmyxmg Txcjcun! ~mnvy; Tixnoamgmg (T.! Ocjygnomun Txnhmfn (OT.! Txcjcun Tigkymamg (TT.! fmg @yhygbmg Jmu~mxmomv (@J.' Hmgfngbomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg xiamvnl mgvmxm oivnbm oxnvixnm Hmyxmg Txcjcun ygvyo oianjm lmovcx ~mgb mfm; m' Vix`mfmt Lmovcx Txcfyo Tfo T OT TT @J

T =

OT

TT

@J

= = =

h' Vix`mfmt Lmovcx Tmumx Tux T OT TT @J

T =

OT

TT

@J

= = =

e' Vix`mfmt Lmovcx Tiamgbbmg Tabg T OT TT @J

T =

OT

TT

@J

= = =

f' Vix`mfmt Lmovcx Mgbbmxmg Mgb T OT TT @J

T =

OT

TT

@J

= = =

=4=

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' i' Vix`mfmt Lmovcx Hmyxmg Tijmumxmg T =

HT T OT TT @J

OT

TT

@J

= = =

5' Ygvyo Tixnoamgmg mfm fym uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. ~mgb hnum fnamoyomg! ~mnvy; Vmovno Uiaioun Jifnm (UJ. fmg Vmovno Tijmumxmg Amgbuygb (TA.' Hmgfngbomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg mvmy tigbmxy` fmxn umvy vmovno figbmg vmovno amngg~m fmamj tigbijhmgbmg Oxnvixnm Tixnoamgmg' Tixnoamgmg' T UJ TA

UJ =

TA =

6' Ygvyo Oxnvixnm Ocjygnomun Txnhmfn mfm fym uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. ~mgb hnum fnamoyomg! ~mnvy; Vmovno Tigkymamg Txnhmfn (TT. fmg Vmovno Am~mgmg Tiamgbbmg (AT.' Hmgfngbomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg mvmy tigbmxy` fmxn umvy vmovno figbmg vmovno amngg~m fmamj tigbijhmgbmg Oxnvixnm Oxnvixnm Ocjygnomun Txnhmfn' OT TT AT

TT =

AT =

9' Ygvyo Oxnvixnm Txcjcun Tigkymamg mfm vnbm uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. ~mgb hnum fnamoyomg! ~mnvy; Vmovno Fnuocg Kmgbom Tigfio (FKT.! Vmovno Oytcg#\cyeìx (O\.! fmg Vmovno Tmoiv @mxbm (T@.' Hmgfngbomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg mvmy tigbmxy` fmxn umvy vmovno figbmg vmovno amngg~m fmamj tigbijhmgbmg Oxnvixnm Oxnvixnm Txcjcun Tigkymamg' TT FKT O\ T@

FKT =

O\

T@

= =

<' Ygvyo Oxnvixnm @yhygbmg Jmu~mxmomv mfm vnbm uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. ~mgb hnum fnamoyomg! ~mnvy; Vmovno Tyhanomun (VT.! Vmovno Oibnmvmg Tiam~mgmg Jmu~mxmomv Jmu~mxmomv (OTJ.! fmg Vmovno Jifnm Nfigvnvmu (JN.' Hmgfngbomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg mvmy tigbmxy` fmxn umvy vmovno figbmg vmovno amngg~m fmamj tigbijhmgbmg Oxnvixnm Oxnvixnm Txcjcun Tigkymamg' @J VT OTJ JN

VT =

OTJ

JN

= =

=48

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' TIGBIJHMGBMG TIGIVMTMG HMYXMG @MXBM XIUVCXMG TN[[M @YV N'

FILNGNUN M' LMOVCX

=. Cxnigvmun Tigfmtmvmg Tixyum`mmg hixyum`m jigemtmn uyxtayu uihiumx jygbong fmg jigyvytn uijym hnm~m' 8. Cxnigvmun Omtmunvmu Jijmglmmvomg omtmunvmu txcfyoun uihmno jygbong ygvyo jijmuvnomg oiuinjhmgbmg mgvmxm tixjngvmmg figbmg tigmrmxmg' 5. Cxnigvmun Tixjngvmmg Jijmounjyjomg tixjngvmmg! jigbigman oijmjtymg hian ~mgb hix|mxnmun! jigmrmxomg jivcfi tijhm~mxmg ~mgb jijygbongomg tigngbomvmg tigkymamg' 6. Hnm~m Tigbmnvmg mgvmxm `mxbm ~mgb momg fnoigmomg fmg hnm~m txcfyoun! tig~ixm`mg! uixvm tijmumxmg txcfyo' 9. Tixumngbmg Jijtix`mvnomg tixhmgfngbmg figbmg `mxbm ~mgb fnoigmomg tiumngb' <. Gnamn Hmbn Tiamgbbmg Jigbmey tmfm hixmtm ~mgb ngbng fnhm~mx tiamgbbmg figbmg gnamn ~mgb jixiom ~mongn momg jixiom vixnjm' H'

OXNVIXNM TIGIVMTMG HMYXMG @MXBM

m' @mxbm Jigbyxmgbn Oivnfmotmuvnmg Tigivmtmg `mxbm ygvyo jijngnjmanumun xiunoc ~mgb vixomnv figbmg tijhianmg kmum' h' @mxbm Hixfmumxomg @yhygbmg figbmg Tiamgbbmg Tigivmtmg `mxbm ygvyo jijhngm fmg jigkmbm `yhygbmg kmgbom tmgkmgb figbmg tiamgbbmg' E'

UYH OXNVIXNM (VMOVNO. TIGIVMTMG HMYXMG @MXBM

m' Tigivmtmg @mxbm Hixfmumxomg Jmglmmv Jigbmnvomg `mxbm figbmg jmglmmv ~mgb fnemxn tiamgbbmg oivnom jigbbygmomg kmum vixuihyv' h' Tigivmtmg @mxbm Hixvmxnl Vivmt Jigigvyomg `mxbm ~mgb vivmt ygvyo uijym ocgfnun uihiayj fnamoyomg tig~ixm`mg kmum' e' Jigyxygomg @mxbm Jigyxygomg `mxbm kyma txcfyo#kmum ygvyo jigmxno jngmv tiamgbbmg' f' Tigmrmxmg @mxbm Utiunma Jijhixnomg tcvcgbmg `mxbm oitmfm ocguyjig ~mgb jiamoyomg tijhianmg tmfm txcfyo* txcfyo vixvigvy'

NN' TIGBNUNMG JMVXNOU TIGFMTMV

=' Fmamj tigbijhmgbmg Tigivmtmg Hmyxmg @mxbm! mfm igmj lmovcx ~mgb tixay fntixvnjhmgbomg! ~mnvy; Cxnigvmun Tigfmtmvmg (CT.! Cxnigvmun Omtmunvmu (CO.! Cxnigvmun Tixjngvmmg#Fijmgf (CF.! Hnm~m (H.! Tixumngbmg (TU.! fmg Gnamn Hmbn Tiamgbbmg (GHT.' Hmgfngbomg hixfmumxomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg mvmy tigbmxy` fmxn umvy lmovcx figbmg lmovcx amng fmamj tigbijhmgbmg Tigivmtmg Hmyxmg @mxbm Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv'

=45

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' LMOVCX CT CO CF H TU GHT

CT =

CO

CF

H

TU

GHT

= = = = =

8' Fym oxnvixnm ~mgb fmtmv fnkmamgomg cai` tixyum`mmg ui`yhygbmg figbmg figbmg lmovcx Tigivmtmg Hmyxmg @mxbm! ~mnvy; @mxbm Jigbyxmgbn Oivnfmotmuvnmg (@JO. fmg @mxbm Hixfmumxomg @yhygbmg figbmg Tiamgbbmg (@@T.' Hmgfngbomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg xiamvnl mgvmxm oifym oxnvixnm Tigivmtmg Hmyxmg @mxbm ygvyo oiigmj lmovcx ~mgb mfm; m' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Cxnigvmun Tigfmtmvmg CT @JO @@T

@JO =

@@T =

h' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Cxnigvmun Omtmunvmu CO @JO @@T

@JO =

@@T =

e' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Cxnigvmun Tixjngvmmg CF @JO @@T

@JO =

@@T =

f' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Hnm~m H @JO @@T

@JO =

@@T =

i' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Tixumngbmg TU @JO @@T

l'

@JO =

@@T =

Vix`mfmt lmovcx Gnamn Hmbn Tiamgbbmg GHT @JO @@T

@JO =

@@T =

=46

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' 5' Ygvyo oxnvixnm @mxbm Jigbyxmgbn Oivnfmotmuvnmg mfm fym uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. ~mgb hnum fnamoyomg! ~mnvy; Vmovno Tigivmtmg @mxbm Hixfmumxomg Jmglmmv (@J. fmg Tigivmtmg @mxbm Hixvmxnl Vivmt (@V.' Hmgfngbomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg mvmy tigbmxy` fmxn umvy vmovno figbmg vmovno amngg~m fmamj tigbijhmgbmg oxnvixnm @mxbm Jigbyxmgbn Oivnfmotmuvnmg' @JO @J @V

@J =

@V =

6' Ygvyo oxnvixnm @mxbm Hixfmumxomg @yhygbmg figbmg Tiamgbbmg mfm fym uyh oxnvixnm (vmovno. ~mgb hnum fnamoyomg! ~ mnvy; Jigyxygomg @mxbm (J@. fmg Jigmrmxomg @mxbm Utiunma (@U.' Hmgfngbomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg mvmy tigbmxy` fmxn umvy vmovno figbmg vmovno amngg~m fmamj tigbijhmgbmg oxnvixnm @mxbm @mxbm Hixfmumxomg @yhygbmg figbmg Tiamgbbmg' @@T J@ @U

J@ =

@U = TIGBIJHMGBMG HMYXMG ANGN TXCFYO XIUVCXMG TN[[M @YV

N'

FILNGNUN M' LMOVCX

m' Ng|iuvmun Jcfma Hiumxg~m jcfma ~mgb fnvmgmjomg ygvyo tigbijhmgbmg angn txcfyo' h' Tixoijhmgbmg Viogcacbn Viogcacbn ~mgb jigygkmgb tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn angn txcfyo' e' Mouiu Hnm~m fmg Hm`mg Hmoy Oivixuifnmmg hnm~m fmg hm`mg hmoy ygvyo tigbijhmgbmg angn txcfyo' f' Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm Vigmbm jmgyunm ~mgb jijigy`n oymanvmu fmg omtmunvmu uixvm lmunanvmu tixyum`mmg ~mgb jigfyoygb tigbijhmgbmg angn txcfyo' i' Tiumngb Ximoun tiumngb fmamj tigbijhmgbmg uvxmvibn angn txcfyo' H' OXNVIXNM m' Tixigvmgbmg Angn Txcfyo Oxnvixnm angn txcfyo figbmg jigbmgiomxmbmjomg txcfyo fmamj `ma yoyxmg! `mxbm! |mxnmun xmum fmg kignu' h' Tigbnunmg Angn Txcfyo Oxnvixnm angn txcfyo figbmg jijtixhmg~mo ygnv txcfyo fmg jmun` fmamj xigvmgb angn ~mgb umjm' e' Jcfixgnumun Angn Txcfyo Oxnvixnm angn txcfyo figbmg jijtixhmnon unlmv txcfyo fmamj angn txcfyo ~mgb mfm ygvyo tig~ijtyxgmmg txcfyo'

=49

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' NN' TIGBNUNMG JMVXNOU TIGFMTMV

=' Fmamj tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Angn Txcfyo! mfm anjm lmovcx ~mgb tixay fntixvnjhmgbomg! ~mnvy; Ng|iuvmun Jcfma (NJ.! Tixoijhmgbmg Viogcacbn (TV.! Mouiu Hnm~m fmg Hm`mg Hmoy (MH5.! Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm (UFJ.! Tiumngb (TU.' Hmgfngbomg hixfmumxomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg mvmy tigbmxy` fmxn umvy lmovcx figbmg lmovcx amng fmamj tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Angn Txcfyo Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv' LMOVCX NJ TV MH5 UFJ TU

NJ =

TV

MH5

UFJ

TU

= = = =

8' Vnbm oxnvixnm ~mgb fmtmv fnkmamgomg cai` tixyum`mmg ui`yhygbmg figbmg figbmg lmovcx Hmyxmg Angn Txcfyo! ~mnvy; Tixigvmgbmg Angn Txcfyo (TiAT.! Tigbnunmg Angn Txcfyo (TnAT.! fmg Jcfixgnumun Angn Txcfyo (JAT.' Hmgfngbomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg xiamvnl mgvmxm oivnbm oxnvixnm Hmyxmg Angn Txcfyo ygvyo oiigmj lmovcx ~mgb mfm; m' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Ng|iuvmun Jcfma NJ TiAT TnAT JAT

TiAT =

TnAT

JAT

= =

h' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Tixoijhmgbmg Viogcacbn TV TiAT TnAT JAT

TiAT =

TnAT

JAT

= =

e' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Mouiu Hnm~m fmg Hm`mg Hmoy MH5 TiAT TnAT JAT

TiAT =

TnAT

JAT

= =

f' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Uyjhix Fm~m Jmgyunm UFJ TiAT TnAT JAT

TiAT =

TnAT

JAT

= =

=4<

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' i' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Tiumngb TU TiAT TnAT JAT

TiAT =

TnAT

JAT

= = TIGBIJHMGBMG HMYXMG FNUVXNHYUN XIUVCXMG TN[[M @YV

N'

FILNGNUN M' LMOVCX

m' Vijtmv Tmumx Tijnan`mg acomun ~mgb vitmv fmg uvxmvibnu ygvyo jijtixjyfm` tigkmgbomymg ocguyjig' h' Omxmovix Txcfyo Vngbomv tixtyvmxmg txcfyo! uvmgfmx oymanvmu txcfyo! oihyvy`mg tiam~mgmg! fmg yjyx txcfyo' e' Vngbomv Tigbcgvxcamg Oijyfm`mg tigbmrmumg fnuvxnhyun ~mgb jigygkmgb fmamj tigbcgvxcamg oymanvmu txcfyo' H' OXNVIXNM

m' Fnuvxnhyun fn Vijtmv ( Fngi Ng. Tig~ixm`mg! tijmglmmvmg! fmg tiam~mgmg vix`mfmt txcfyo kmum xiuvcxmg fnamoyomg fn acomun xiuvcxmg' h' Fnuvxnhyun Fnhmrm Tyamgb (Vmoi Mrm~. Tig~ixm`mg fmg tiam~mgmg tijiumgmg txcfyo kmum xiuvcxmg fn xiuvcxmg ygvyo fnocguyjun fn aymx acomun xiuvcxmg' e' Fnuvxnhyun Tiumg Mgvmx ( Fian|ix~ Uix|nei. Tijiumgmg txcfyo kmum xiuvcxmg airmv viaitcg ygvyo fnmgvmxomg oi mamjmv tijiumg' NN' TIGBNUNMG JMVXNOU TIGFMTMV

=' Fmamj tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Fnuvxnhyun! mfm vnbm lmovcx ~mgb tixay fntixvnjhmgbomg! ~mnvy; Vijtmv Tmumx (VTux.! Omxmovix Txcfyo (OT.! fmg Vngbomv Tigbcgvxcamg (VT.' Hmgfngbomg hixfmumxomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg mvmy tigbmxy` fmxn umvy lmovcx figbmg lmovcx amng fmamj tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg Fnuvxnhyun Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv' LMOVCX VTux OTT VT

VTux =

OT

VT

= =

8' Vnbm oxnvixnm ~mgb fmtmv fnkmamgomg cai` tixyum`mmg ui`yhygbmg figbmg figbmg lmovcx Hmyxmg n Fnuvxnhyun! ~mnvy; Fnuvxnhyun fn Vijtmv ( Fngi Fngi Ng. (FN.! Fnuvxnhyun Fnhmrm Tyamgb (Vmoi Mrm~. (VM.! fmg Fnuvxnhyun Tiumg Mgvmx ( Fian|ix~ Uix|nei. (FU.'

Hmgfngbomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg xiamvnl mgvmxm oivnbm oxnvixnm Hmyxmg Fnuvxnhyun ygvyo oivnbm lmovcx ~mgb mfm;

=42

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' m' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Vijtmv Tmumx VTux FN VM FU

FN =

VM

FU

= =

h' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Omxmovix Txcfyo OT FN VM FU

FN =

VM

FU

= =

e' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Vngbomv Tigbcgvxcamg VT FN VM FU

FN =

VM

FU

= =

TIGBIJHMGBMG OXNVIXNM UYJHIX FM^M JMGYUNM (UFJ. XIUVCXMG TN[[M @YV N' FILNGNUN M' LMOVCX m' Uvmgfmxnumun Tixyum`mmg Uvmgfmx*uvmgfmx tigixnjmmg omx~mrmg! jigemoyt oijmjtymg momfijno! tigmjtnamg fmg oiui`mvmg lnuno! uixvm oieixfmumg ijcuncgma' h' Txcfyovn|nvmu Oijmjtymg fmg oximvnlnvmu omx~mrmg ~mgb ygbbya ui`ngbbm jigngbomvomg oijmjtymg txcfyoun (txcfyovn|nvmu. tixyum`mmg' e' Txcuiu Txcfyoun Uvmgfmx unuvij oixkm ~mgb `mxyu fnamoyomg fmamj txcfyoun fmg tig~ixm`mg txcfyo' f' Oigfman Jyvy Tigbmrmumg vix`mfmt jyvy txcfyo ~mgb fn`munaomg cai` ongixkm omx~mrmg fmg uiuymn figbmg gnamn ~mgb fnngbngomg cai` tiamgbbmg' i' Ocjtigumun Omx~mrmg Tijhixnmg ytm` oixkm oitmfm omx~mrmg ~mgb uiuymn fmg vnfmo jig~mam`n YJX (Ytm` Jngnjyj Xibncgma.' l' Oihnkmomg Jmgmkijig Oijmjtymg tixyum`mmg fmamj jijhixnomg umgoun hmbn omx~mrmg ~mgb jiamoyomg oiumam`mg! kybm fmamj jijhixnomg oiuijtmvmg kigkmgb omxnx hmbn omx~mrmg ~mgb hixtxiuvmun'

=40

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' H' OXNVIXNM m' Oxnvixnm Tixioxyvmg fmg Tig~iaiounmg Omx~mrmg Oxnvixnm ygvyo jixioxyv fmg jig~iaioun omx~mrmg ~mgb jijnanon oieixfmumg momfijnu fmg oieixfmumg ijcun ~mgb hmng! uixvm jijnanon tigmjtnamg fmg fmg oiui`mvmg lnuno ~mgb jigfyoygb' h' Oxnvixnm Tiamvn`mg Omx~mrmg Oxnvixnm ygvyo jijhixn oiumfmxmg fmg oivixmjtnamg vix`mfmt omx~mrmg jigbigmn uvmgfmx oixkm fmg txcuifyx oixkm ~mgb fnvixmtomg cai` tixyum`mmg' e' Oxnvixnm Jcvn|mun Omx~mrmg Oxnvixnm ~mgb jigfcxcgb omx~mrmg ygvyo jijtixhmnon ongixkmg~m fmg hixytm~m jixmn` txiuvmun fmamj hioixkm omxigm mfmg~m oiuijtmvmg ygvyo jijtixcai` hcgyu bmkn fmg#mvmy kigkmgb omxnx ~mgb aihn` vngbbn' NN' TIGBNUNMG JMVXNOU TIGFMTMV

=' Fmamj tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg UFJ! mfm igmj lmovcx ~mgb tixay fntixvnjhmgbomg! ~mnvy; Uvmgfmxnumun Tixyum`mmg (UT.! Txcfyovn|nvmu (T.! Txcuiu Txcfyoun (TT.! Oigfman Jyvy (OJ.! Ocjtigumun Omx~mrmg (OO.! Oihnkmomg Jmgmkijig (OJgk.' Hmgfngbomg hixfmumxomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg mvmy tigbmxy` fmxn umvy lmovcx figbmg lmovcx amng fmamj tigbijhmgbmg Hmyxmg UFJ Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m @yv' LMOVCX UT T TT OJ OO OJgk

UT =

T

TT

OJ

OO

OJgk

= = = = =

8' Vnbm oxnvixnm ~mgb fmtmv fnkmamgomg cai` tixyum`mmg ui`yhygbmg figbmg figbmg lmovcx Hmyxmg UFJ! ~mnvy; Tixioxyvmg fmg Tig~iaiounmg Omx~mrmg (TTO.! Tiamvn`mg Omx~mrmg (TO.! fmg Jcvn|mun Omx~mrmg (JO.' Hmgfngbomg vngbomv oitigvngbmg xiamvnl mgvmxm oivnbm oxnvixnm Hmyxmg UFJ ygvyo oiigmj lmovcx ~mgb mfm; m' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Uvmgfmxnumun Tixyum`mmg UT TTO TO JO

TTO =

TO

JO

= =

h' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Txcfyovn|nvmu T TTO TO JO

TTO =

TO

JO

= =

=4>

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 5' e' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Txcuiu Txcfyoun TT TTO TO JO

TTO =

TO

JO

= =

f' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Oigfman Jyvy OJ TTO TO JO

TTO =

TO

JO

= =

i' Vix`mfmt lmovcx Ocjtigumun Omx~mrmg OO TTO UT JO

l'

TTO =

TO

JO

= =

Vix`mfmt lmovcx Oihnkmomg Jmgmkijig OJ TTO TO JO

TTO =

TO

JO

= =

==4

Amjtnxmg 6' @muna Tigbnunmg Oynuncgix Oivixmgbmg ; uivnmt mgbom fmamj ocvmo jmvxnou fnuyuyg hixfmumxomg tignamnmg xiutcgfig uiemxm hixyxyvmg jyamn fmxn xiutcgfig = umjtmn xiutcgfig xiutcgfig 0' Xiutcgfig = : XJ (Xiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix. Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg Xiutcgfig 8 : MXJ= (Muunuvmgv Xiuvmyxmgv Jmgmbix. Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg Xiutcgfig 5 : MXJ8 Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg Xiutcgfig 6 : UA= (U`nlv Aimfix. Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg Xiutcgfig 9 : UA8 Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg Xiutcgfig < : UA5 Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg Xiutcgfig 2 : Jmgvmg MXJ Tn{{m @yv Tmfkmkmxmg Xiutcgfig 0 : XJ Xiuvcxmg Tn{{m P (tijhmgfngb.

UVXMVIBN TIJCUNUNMG LMOVCX TFO @XB = 9?2?9?9?9?9?2?5 TFO = @XB TT OT TU

TT

OT

TU

5?9?9?5?8?6?8?5 =#
5?5?5?5?5?5?9?5 =#8?=#5?=#5?=#8 ?=#5?=#5?=#5?5 9?5?5?5?9?6?6?5 =

2?2?2?2?2?2?
TOT UHT JHT

UHT =

JHT =#2?=#9?=#2?=#2?=#9?=#
@XB UHT JHT

UHT =

JHT =#
TT UHT JHT

UHT =

JHT =#2?=#2?=#2?=#2?=#
OT UHT JHT

UHT =

JHT =#9?=#5?=#9?=#9?=#5?=#6?=#9?=#2 =

TU UHT JHT

UHT =

JHT =#5?=#8?=#9?=#5?=#5?=#5?=#5?=#2 =

===

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 6' UVXMVIBN TIJMUMXMG LMOVCX OLT OT 8?5?=#8?8?8? OLT = =#5?8?8

OT

=

OJK

OJK

UO UO

TU

OIUT

=#8?=#8?=#5? =#5?=#8?=#9? =#5?5 =#8?=#8?5? =#5?=#5?8? =#5?8

=#9?=#9?9? =#5?=#5?9? =#9?=#8 =#9?=#9?=#9? =#9?=#2?=#9? =#9?=#5 =#9?=#
9?6?2?6?6?
5?9?6?5?5?5? 6?9

9?6?
5?5?6?5?5?9? 5?9

6?9?=#9?9?9? =#9?9? =#5

5?9?8?5?9?5? 9?9

=

2?2?2?
9?2?
=

UO TU

=

OIUT

=

OLT J\T JT5 JT

J\T =

JT5 6?5?6?9?6?9?5?=#9 =

JT 8?8?8?8?8?5?8?=#5 =#5?=#5?=#9?=#9?=#5?8?=#8?5 =

OT J\T JT5 JT

J\T =

JT5 9?6?=#5?5 5?5?6? ?6?=#8? #8?5?=# ?=#9 =

JT 8?8? ?8?5?8?8? ?8?5?8?=# ?=#5 =#9?=#5?5?=#5?=#5?8?=#8?5 =

OJK J\T JT5 JT

J\T =

JT5 5?9?9?6?5?9?6?=#9 =

JT 8?8?5?8?8?5?8?=#5 =#5?=#9?=#6?=#5?=#8?=#5?=#5?5 =

UO J\T J\T JT5 JT

J\T =

JT5 =#5? =#5?=# =#6 6?=#5 ?=#5?= ?=#5 #5?= ?=#5 #5?9 ?9?= ?=#5 #5?5 ?5 =

TU J\T J\T JT5 JT

J\T =

JT5 =#5? =#5?=# =#5?= 5?=#9 #9?= ?=#6 #6?= ?=#5? #5?=# =#5?= 5?=#5 #5?= ?=#6 #6 =

JT 5?5?8 5?5?85? 5?8?5 8?5?8 ?8?5 ?5 6?9?59?9?6?6?9 =

OIUT J\T J\T JT5 JT

J\T =

JT5 =#6? =#6?=# =#5?= 5?=#9? #9?=# =#5? 5?=#5 =#5?= ?=#8 #8?=# ?=#5?= 5?=#8 #8 =

JT 5?5?5? 5?5?5?8?8 8?8?5? ?5?5?5 5?5 9?6?5?9?6?5?9?5 =

JT 5?5?5 ?5?5?5 ?5?8 ?8?8 ?8?8 ?8?8 ?8 9?9?5?6?9?6?6?=#8 =

==8

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 6' J\T HT

HT =

TH@

TH@

HAT

HF

UFJ

8?5?8?8?=#8? 8?=#8?5

=#8?=#5?=#8?=#5? =#6?8?=#6?8 =#5?=#2?=#9?=#2? =#2?=#9?=#2?=#9

=#5?=#5?=#5?=#5? =#8?=#8?=#8?5 =#8?=#5?=#5?=#5? =#8?=#5?=#8?=#5 5?9?5?
=#9?=#
=

HAT HF

=

=

UFJ JT5 UT

= HT =

TH@

TH@

HAT

HF

UFJ

8?5?8?8?8?8?=#8?9

=#8?=#5?=#8?=#5? =#8?=#8?=#6?5 =#5?=#2?=#5?=#2? =#5?=#5?=#2?5

=#5?=#5?=#8?=#5? =#5?=#5?=#8?9 =#8?=#5?=#9?=#5? =#8?=#8?=#8?9 5?9?
=#9?=#
=

HAT HF

=

=

UFJ JT HT

= HT =

TH@

TH@

HAT

HF

HFJ

=#5?=#5?=#5?=#6? =#5?=#5?=#5?5

=#8?=#5?=#5?=#5? =#6?=#8?=#8?8 =#5?=#2?=#9?=#2? =#2?=#9?=#5?=#9

=#5?=#5?=#8?=#5? =#8?=#8?=#5?5 =#8?=#5?=#5?=#5? =#8?=#5?=#8?=#5 5?9?5?
=#9?=#
=

HAT HF

=

=

UFJ

=

HMYXMG TXCJCUN LMO Txf Tux

Tabg

Mgb

HT

5?6?5?5?6?5?8?5

8?6?5?6?5?5?5?6

5?5?5?6?9?9?6?6

=

5?8?5?8?8?5?8?8

5?5?5?5?5?5?6?5

=

5?5?9?5?9?9?9?5

=#8?=#8?=#8?=#8? =#8?=#8?=#8?=#8 =#8?=#5?=#5?=#8? =#8?=#8?=#8?=#8 =#5?=#6?=#5?=#5? =#5?=#5?=#5?=#5 =#9?=#5?=#5?=#6? =#6?=#6?=#9?=#6

VCX

Txf

=

Tux Tabg Mgb

=

HT Tfo T

OT TT @J

= T =

OT =#8?=#8?=#5?=#5?=#8?= #5?=#8?=#5 =

TT 9?9?9?5?9?5?9?5

@J 2?>?2?2?2?2?2?2

9?9?9?6?9?9?9?6 =

2?>?2?2?2?2?2?2 6?9?9?5?6?5?5?5 =

==5

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 6' T =

Tux T OT TT @J Tabg T OT TT @J

T =

OT 5?8?8?5?8?5?5?5 =

TT 9?9?9?9?2?2?2?9 9?
UQOT =#8?=#8 =#8?=#8?=#8 ?=#8?=#8 ?=#8?=# ?=#8?= 8?=#8?= #8?=#5?= #5?=#8 #8 =

TT
@J 2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2 2?2?22?2?2?2?2 5?5?5?5?5?8?8?5 = @J 2?2?2?< 2?2?2??2?2?2?2?2?2?2 5?5?5?5?5?5?8?5 =

Mgb T OT TT @J

T =

OT 5?8?5?=#5?8?5?5?=#5 =

TT 9?9?9?9?2?2?2?9 9?
@J 2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2 2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2 5?5?5?8?5?5?8?8 =

HT T OT TT @J

T =

OT 5?8?8?5?8?5?5?5 =

TT 9?9?2?9?2?9?2?9 9?
@J 2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2 2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2 5?5?5?5?5?5?8?5 =

T UJ TA

UJ =

TA 2?2?2?2?>?>?>?> =

OT TT AT

TT =

AT >?>?>?>?>?>?>?2 =

TT FKT O\ T@

FKT =

O\ 5?5?5?5?6?5?5?5 =

T@ =#9?=#6?=#
@J UT OTJ JN

UT =

OTJ 6?5?6?5?6?5?5?5 =

JN =#9?=#6?=#9?=#6?=#9?=#
==6

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 6' TIGIVMTMG HMYXMG @MXBM LMO CT CO CF VCX CT

9?6?9?5?5?9?5?5

=

CO

=

=#8?=#8?=#8?=#8? =#5? =#8?=#5?=#8 =#5?=#5?=#5?=#9 =#9? =#5?=#9?=#8

CF

=

H TU

H

TU

GHT

9?9?9?6?9?9?6?5

9?9?9?9?9?9?9?=#5

8?8?5?8?5?8?5?= #8 9?9?9?9?9?9?
8?8?5?8?5?5?5?=#8

=

5?5?5?5?5?=#5

=#5?=#5?=#5?=#5?= #5?=#8?=#8?=#5 =#9?=#9?=#5?=#9?= #9?=#5?=#9?=#5 8?5?5?8?8?5?=#8?= #5 =#9?=#9?=#2?=#9?= #9?=#9?=#9?=#5 =#2?=#2?=#9?=#9?= #9?=#9?=#6?8

9?9?9?9?9?9?9?=#5

=

GHT

= CT @JO @@T

@JO =

@@T =#2?=#2?=#2?=#2?=#2?=#2?=#2?=#9 =

CO @JO @@T

@JO =

@@T 2?2?9?2?2?9?2?=#9 =

CF @JO @@T

@JO =

@@T =#2?=#2?=#2?=#2?=#2?=#2?=#2?=#9 =

H @JO @@T

@JO =

@@T =#5?=#5?8?5?5?=#8?=#8?=#5 =

TU @JO @@T

@JO =

@@T =#5?=#5?=#9?=#9?=#5?=#9?=#9?=#5 =

GHT @JO @@T

@JO =

@@T =#>?=#>?=#2?=#2?=#9?=#9?=#2?=#2 =

@JO @J @V

@J =

@V =#2?=#2?=#2?=#2?=#2?=#2?=#2?=#2 =

@@T J@ @U

J@ =

@U =#5?=#5?=#5?=#5?=#5?=#5?=#5?9 =

==9

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 6' HMYXMG ANGN TXCFYO LMO NJ TV VCX NJ

=

TV

MH5

UFJ

TU

8?5?5?5?8?5?8?9

8?5?5?8?8?5?8?8

=

8?8?5?8?5?5?8? =#8 =

=#9?=#9?=#9?=#9? =#6?=#9?=#
9?9?9?6?6?9?6? =#8 9?9?9?6?9?9?
MH5 UFJ TU NJ TiAT TnAT JAT

TiAT =

TnAT 9?6?9?6?
JAT 2?2?2?2?9?2?2?9 5?5?5?6?8?6?8?5 =

TV TiAT TnAT JAT

TiAT =

TnAT 9?6?6?6?
JAT 2?2?2?2?9?2?2?5 5?5?6?6?8?8?8?8 =

MH5 TiAT TnAT JAT

TiAT =

TnAT 9?6?9?6?
JAT 2?2?2?2?9?2?2?2 5?5?5?6?8?5?8?5 =

UFJ TiAT TnAT JAT

TiAT =

TnAT 9?6?
JAT 2?2?9?2?9?2?2?2 5?5?8?6?8?5?8?5 =

TU TiAT TnAT JAT

TiAT =

TnAT 9?6?9?6?
JAT 2?2?9?2?9?9?2?2 5?5?9?6?8?5?8?5 =

OT 9?
VT 5?5?5?8?8?5?5?5 =#5?=#6?=#6?=#6?=#9 =#6?=#6?=#6 =

HMYXMG FNUVXNHYUN LMOVCX VTux VTux = OTT VT

==<

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 6' VTux FN VM FU

FN =

VM 6?9?6?6?5?5?9?5 =

FU 2?
OT FN VM FU

FN =

VM 9?6?5?5?9?6?5?9?9 =

FU
FN =

VT FN VM FU

VM 9?9?9?9?2?9?2?2 =

HMYXMG UYJHIX FM^M JMGYUNM LMO UT T TT VCX

UT

=

T

=#5?=#5?=#5?=#8? =#5?=#8?=#5?=#5

=

TT

=#5?=#5?=#5? =#5?=#8?=#5?8?8 8?5?5?8?5?5?5?5

=

OJ

FU 8?5?5?5?6?5?9?9 =#6?=#6?=#6?=#5?=#5?=#6?=#5?=#5 =

OJ

OO

OJgk

8?5?5?5?8?5?5? 5 5?5?5?8?8?5?8? 8 8?5?8?5?8?8?5? 5

5?5?5?5?6?5?5? 5 5?5?5?6?5?5?5? 5 8?5?8?5?8?8?5? 5 8?5?8?5?8?5?5? 5

8?5?8?5?5?8?5?5

=

OO

=

5?5?5?5?8?5?8?8 8?5?5?6?5?8?5?5 =#8?=#8?=#8?=#8? =#8?=#8?=#8?=#8 =#8?=#8?=#5?=#5? =#8?=#5?=#8?=#8

OJ gk

=

TTO =

UT TTO TO JO

TO 8?5?5?=#8?=#5?8?8?5 =

JO 9?9?9?5?5?9?9?9 5?5?5?9?9?5?6?5 =

T TTO TTO TO JO

TTO =

TO =#9? =#9?=#9 =#9?=# ?=#5? 5?=#5 =#5?= ?=#9? #9?=#9 =#9?= ?=#5 #5?= ?=#5 #5 =

JO 8?5?9 8?5?9?9 ?9?5 ?5?5? ?5?5? 5?5 5 9?2?2?2?2?2?9?9 =

TT TTO TTO TO JO

TTO =

TO =#9?= =#9?=#5 #5?=# ?=#5? 5?=# =#9? 9?=#5 =#5?= ?==#5 =#5?# ?#9?= 9?=#5 #5 =

JO 5?9?9 5?9?9?5 ?5?5 ?5?5? ?5?8? 8?5 5 2?2?2?2?9?9?9?9 =

==2

Amgkyvmg Amjtnxmg 6' OJ TTO TTO TO JO

TTO =

TO =#5? =#5?=# =#9? 9?=# =#9? 9?=# =#5? 5?=# =#9? 9?=# =#9? 9?=# =#9? 9?5 5 =

OO TTO TO JO

TTO =

TO 5?5?9?5?9?5?6?5 =

OJ TTO TO JO

TTO =

TO 5?=#8?5?=#5?8?5?8?5 =

JO 9?5? 9?5?5? 5?5? 5?8? 8?5? 5?5? 5?9 9 2?2?9?9?9?2?2?5 =

JO =#5?=#8?=#5?=#5?=#5?=#8?=#5?=#5 =#9?=#9?=#9?=#2?=#2?=#9?=#9?=#9 = JO 9?5?5?5?9?5?9?9 5?9?5?9?6?5?5?5 =

OCGUNUVIGUN XIUTCGFIG (X.

X= X8 X5 X6 X9 X< X2 X0

OCGUNUVIG

VNFMO OCGUNUVIG

ANALISIS BAURAN PEMASARAN RESTORAN PIZZA (STUDI KASUS DI PIZZA HUT, PADJAJARAN 29, BOGOR)

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