TESIS PUCP
PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DEL PERÚ FACULT ACULTAD DE D E LETRAS LE TRAS Y CIENCIAS CIENCI AS HUMANAS HU MANAS
ADAPTACIÓN DEL INVENTARIO DE TRASTORNOS DE LA
A!ra"e#imient$s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
TA&LA DE CONTENIDOS
RESUMEN
3
TALA DE CONTENIDOS
33
INTRODUCCIÓN
3&
CAPÍTULO 1 MARCO TEÓRICO TRASTORNOS ALIMENTARIOS EN LA ADOLESCENCIA Y SU EVALUACIÓN
1919
D'<37337'" 4."3$" 5 #3"
1929
E#3$#='73$@ $*$#'*;"#3$" "3%:=3$" 5 7"','73$" ' %" #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3" '7 %$ $%'"'73$
199
E&$%,$3:7 ' %" #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3" $ #*$&8" '
1
EDI-2
J
C7<3$43%3$ 5 &$%3' 299 P*'33'7# A$#$3:7 ' %$ *,'4$
M,'"#*'
A%3$3:7 '% I7&'7#$*3 $ %$ ,'"#*$
A7.%3"3" ' *'",%#$"
CAPÍTULO RESULTADOS 919 E&$%,$3:7 ' %$ &$%3' '% E$#37= D3"*'*" I7&'7#*5-2 (EDI-2)9 929
2
A7.%3"3" ' %$ 7"3"#'73$ 37#'*7$ 5 ' %$ 7<3$43%3$ '% E$#37= D3"*'*" I7&'7#*5-2 (EDI-2)9
INTRODUCCI'N
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
CAP(TULO )* %ARCO TE'RICO TRASTORNOS ALI%ENTARIOS EN LA ADOLESCENCIA + SU EALUACI'N
1919
D'<37337'" 4."3$" 5 #3" A % %$*= ' %$ /3"#*3$ ' /$ 3 4"'*&$* +,' /$7 '>3"#3 3"#37#" .77'"
"4*' %$ *'*'"'7#$3:7 ' %$ 4'%%'$9 L$ 4'%%'$ '" ,7 #8*37 ",4?'#3& +,' ''7' ' ", &$%* ,%#,*$%@ * % +,' &$*;$ ' $,'* $ %$ "3'$ '7 %$ +,' "' '7,'7#*$9 C7 %$ =%4$%3$3:7@ %$" 3"#37#$" "3'$'" "' /$7 &3"# '>,'"#$" $ %" .77'" ' 4'%%'$ ' #*$" ,%#,*$"@ *&3'7 <*$" ' 4'%%'$ +,' *''<37'7 +,' '" % 473#@ $#*$#3& 5 '"'$4%'9 S3 7#$" %$ 37<%,'73$ 3'7#$% '>3"#'7#' '7 7,'"#* $;"@ "3'7 %$*$'7#' %$
1
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
2
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anorexia nerviosa@ +,' "' $*$#'*3$ * ,7$ *',3:7 *=*'"3&$ ' %$ $%3'7#$3:7 /$"#$ '% *'/$ %'# ' %$ 3$ (N$*7'@ 200 C'*&'*$@ 200J)9 E>3"#' $%3$ %3#'*$#,*$ +,' *7' 3&'*"" *#$3'7#" $7:$%" *'"'7#'" '7 %$ $7*'>3$ 7'*&3"$9 P* '?'%@ C'*&'*$ (200J) *7' +,' %$" '*"7$" +,' ",<*'7 ' '"#$ $#%=;$
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
P* #* %$@ %$ "'=,7$ =*$7 $#'=*;$ '" %$ bulimia nerviosa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
J
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
6
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
D'7#* ' %" <$#*'" '#3$#=873" ' %" #*$"#*7" ' %$ 7,#$ $%3'7#$*3$@ '>3"#'7 <$#*'" "3%:=3" $"3$" $ 3/" #*$"#*7"9 D3/$" $*$#'*;"#3$" "7 <$#*'" +,' $ ", &' &$7 $ '*3#3* +,' 3/$" $#%=;$" ,'$7 $$*''*@ ' 3=,$% $7'*$ +,' "' '7,'7#*$7 $"3$$" $% $7#'733'7# ' %$ '7<'*'$9 E" 3*#$7#' *'"$%#$* +,' 7,'*"$"
37&'"#3=$37'"
/$7
4,"$
'#'*37$*
$*$#'*;"#3$"
"3%:=3$"
*'3"7'7#'" $*$ %" #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3" '* +,'@ '43 $ +,' 7 "' '3'$ $ 37&'"#3=$* $7#'" ' +,' $$*'$7 3/" #*$"#*7"@ '" 3<;3% '%33#$* "3 3/$" $*$#'*;"#3$" "7 *'&3$" "7 ,7$ 7"','73$ ' %$ '7<'*'$9 C$4' '737$* +,' '7 %$" $#%=;$" ' %$ 7,#$ $%3'7#$*3$@ %" <$#*'" '#3$#3=873" "' $"''?$7@ * % +,' '7 3<'*'7#'" #*$"#*7" "' ,''7 '77#*$* =*$7 "33%3#, ' <$#*'"9 E7 '% $" ' %$ $7*'>3$ 7'*&3"$@ $,#*'" *''*#7 (200)@ C'*&'*$ (200J)@ P'*3$ (1J) 5 T* (200) 5 *7'7 %" "3=,3'7#'" <$#*'"
•
F$#*'" ' $7#'733'7# "7 $+,'%%" <$#*'" +,' '*3#'7 +,' '#'*37$$ '7<'*'$ $#%=;$ "' $7#'7=$9 D'7#* ' '"#$ $#%=;$@ %" <$#*'" ' $7#'733'7# "7 %$ '"7,#*33:7 ,7$ 3$='7 **$% 7'=$#3&$ 3"#*"37$$ #*" #*$"#*7" '37$%'" * '?'% %$ '*'"3:7 5 '% $3"%$3'7# "3$%9 D'#'*37$" $,#*'" /$7 37#'7#$ '#'*37$* ,7 ,$* "3%:=3 *'&3 $ %$
$7*'>3$ 7'*&3"$9 D'7#* ' %$" '"*337'" %."3$"@ *,/ (1J@ 3#$ '7 3*"$7 5 S$%=,'3*@ 2002) *7' +,' 3/$ '7<'*'$ ,**' '7 73$" +,' ,",$%'7#' $#$7 "7 &3"#$" 4,'7$"@ '>3#"$" 5 =*$#3<3$7#'"9 A ", &'@ *'"'7#$7 4$?" 73&'%'" ' $,#7;$ '*"7$% 5 $ $$3$ ' #$* '3"37'" +,'@ *'%$37$$" 7 ,7$ 4*' $,#'"#3$ 5 $,#7'#@ 7 %'" '*3#' $'#$*"' $ "; 3"$" 73 $=*$$*"'9 3*"$7 5 S$%=,3'* (2002) *7'7 +,'
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
10
*'%$37$*"' 7 #*" #*$"#*7" '37$%'"@ 7 ,7$ 3'#$ =*$7 *'"#*33:7 $%3'7#$*3$ 5 7 %$ $7*'>3$ 7'*&3"$9 •
F$#*'" ' $7#'733'7# '% ," ' 3'#$" *'"#*3#3&$" 5 ,7$ $%$ 3$='7 **$% 4."3$'7#'9 E" 3*#$7#' *'"$%#$* +,' %$" 7,#$" ,*=$#3&$" $"3$$" $ %$ 4,%33$ "7 '7 "; ,7 <$#* ' $7#'733'7# ,'"# +,' %$" 3"$" 3"37,5'7 %$ $7"3'$ '7#.7'$'7#' "#'*3* $ ,7 $#*$:7@ '* +,' 3/$ $7"3'$ %,'= *'$$*''*. *'$7 7,'&$'7#' %$ 7''"3$ ' $*"' ,7 $#*$:79 P'"' $ %$" 3<'*'73$" +,' "' ,'$7 4"'*&$* '7#*' %$" 3"#37#$" '#3$#='73$"@ 7
$4' ,$ +,' $4" #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3" $*#'7 ,/$" $*$#'*;"#3$"9 P'*3$ (1) *7' +,' %$ *$.#3$ *',$3:7 * '% '" 5 * %$ <*$ **$% '" %$ '"'73$ ' %$ $7*'>3$ 7'*&3"$ 5 ' %$ 4,%33$ 7'*&3"$ 5 +,' % +,' #3'7' "3=73<3$73$
11
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
12
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
1
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
1
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
1J
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
16
P* #* %$@ '% #* =*, ' 37&'7#$*3" $*$ '&$%,$* #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3" /$ "3 3"'$ $*$ '&$%,$* 3/$ $#%=;$ '7 ", ##$%3$@ #$7 '7 ,'7#$ $ ", &' $*$#'*;"#3$" #':*3$'7#' $"3$$"9 E'$*'" "'$%$7 +,' '7 '% P'* '>3"#' ,7 37"#*,'7# %%$$ '% I7&'7#$*3 "4*' T*$"#*7" A%3'7#33" (ITA)@ +,' <,' *'$ * M$*8" 5 D'%=$ '7 '% $ 1J 5 "#'*3*'7#' <,' $$#$ * $7 H$*#%'5 '7 '% $ 19 E"#' 37&'7#$*3 '"#. ,'"# * J1 ;#'" +,' '&$%$7 %$" "3=,3'7#'" '"$%$" *',$3:7 '>$'*4$$ * %$ 3$@ '% '" 5 '% ,'* 8#" *."#3" ' 7#*% ' '" '3"3" ' $#*$:7 $%3'7#$*3 '"$"$ &$*3$3:7 '7 %$ '*'3:7 ' "; 3"$ 8#" "3$%'7#' $'#$" ' 7#*% ' '" 5 "37#$#%=;$ <;"3$ $"3$$ $ #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3"9 E% '"#,3 <,' *'$%3$ 7 61 $%'"'7#'" ,?'*'" 5 "' *'"'7#$ ,7 37"#*,'7# $',$ $*$ '&$%,$* '% *3'"= 5 '#'#$* $"" ' #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3"9 E% ITA ,'7#$ 7 &$%3' ' 7#'73 4#'73$ $ #*$&8" '% *3#'*3 ' ?,''"@
1
Inventory
(EDI)9 E% E$#37= A##3#,'" T'"# (EAT) '" ,7 37"#*,'7# "38#*3 ' $,#-
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
1
L$ &'*"3:7 3733$% '% EDI <,' *'$$ * G$*7'*@ O%"#' 5 P%3&5 '7 1@ &'*"3:7 +,' 37%,;$ 6 ;#'" '"#*,#,*$" '7 ",4'"$%$" 3,%" $*$ $'%=$$*@ 4,%33$@ 37"$#3"<$3:7 **$%@ 37'<3$3$@ '*<'373"@ '"7<3$7$ 37#'*'*"7$%@ 73'73$ 37#*'#3&$ 5 3' $ %$ $,*'9 L$" #*'" *3'*$" ",4'"$%$" '&$%$7 %$ *',$3:7 7 %$ <*$ **$%@ '% '" 5 '% *#$3'7# $%3'7#$*3@ 3'7#*$" +,' %$" #*$" 37 '&$%$7 $*$#'*;"#3$" %;73$" $"3$$" 7 %$ "3$#%=;$ $%3'7#$*3$9 L$ &'*"3:7 " '% 37"#*,'7# 37%,5' $ ", &' #*$" #*'" ",4'"$%$" $337$%'" $"'#3"@ 3,%"3&3$ ' 37"'=,*3$ "3$%@ '"$%$" ,'"#$" * 2 ;#'"9 P* % #$7#@ %$ &'*"3:7 <37$% 7"#$ ' 1 ;#'" 3"#*34,3" '7 11 ",4'"$%$" +,' '&$%$7 %$ *'"'73$ ' ";7#$" $"3$" $ %" #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3"9 D3/$ &'*"3:7 '% 37"#*,'7# ,'' $%3$*"' 373&3,$%'7#' '7 =*, $ ",?'#" ' 12 $" ' '$ '7 $'%$7#'9 L$ *,'4$ ,#3%3$ '% <*$# L3'*# $ 6 73&'%'"@ '"*343'7 ", *#$3'7# "'=7 ,**$ 7,7$Q
1
•
,%33$ D3/$ '"$%$ '&$%$ %$ #'7'73$ $ #'7'* '7"$3'7#" $ $*"' 3%7$" $#*$7'" ' 3$ 377#*%$4%'"9
•
I7"$#3"<$3:7 **$% E"#$ '"$%$ 3' %$ 37"$#3"<$3:7 '% ",?'# 7 %$ <*$ ='7'*$% ' ", ,'* 7 %$ ' $+,'%%$" $*#'" '% 3" +,' ." *',$7 $ %" +,' $''7 #*$"#*7" ' %$ 7,#$ $%3'7#$*3$ ('"#:$=@ $'*$"@ ,"%"@ 7$%=$"@ '#9)
•
I7'<3$3$ D3/$ '"$%$ '&$%$ "'7#33'7#" ' 37$$3$ ='7'*$%@ 37"'=,*3$@ &$;@ $,#-'"*'3 5 <$%#$ ' 7#*% "4*' %$ *3$ &3$9 T':*3$'7#' '"#$ '"$%$ '"#. *'%$37$$ 7 ,7$ 4*' $,#'"#3$ 7 ,7$ $,#-'&$%,$3:7 7'=$#3&$ 37%,5'7 #$4387 "'7#33'7#" ' &$; 5 "%'$9
•
P'*<'373" E"#$ '"$%$ 3' '% =*$ '7 '% +,' '% ",?'# *'' +,' ","
20
•
M3' $ %$ $,*' D3/$ '"$%$ '&$%$ '% '"' ' &%&'* $ %$ "'=,*3$ ' %$ 37<$73$9 D3/$ '"$%$ "' $"3$ '43 $ +,' #':*3$'7#' '% $5,7 "' 7&3'*#' '7 ,7 '$73" $*$ '&3#$* %$ $,*' "343%:=3$ 5$ +,' '"'4$ '7 ,7$ &,'%#$ $ %$ $$*3'73$ 5 '"#$ /*7$% *',4'*$%'" /$3'7 +,' '% $3'7#' 3'7"' +,' '"#$ *'=*'"3:7 %' ,'' **37$* $%3&3" <*'7#' $ %$ 7<,"3:7 ' %$ $%'"'73$ 5 $ %" 7<%3#" <$3%3$*'"9
•
A"'#3" E"#$ '"$%$ 3' %$ #'7'73$ $ 4,"$* %$ &3*#, * '3 ' 3'*#" 3'$%'" '"3*3#,$%'" %$ $,#3"3%37$@ '% "$*3<33@ %$ $,# ",'*$3:7 5 '% 7#*% ' %$" 7''"3$'" **$%'"9
•
I,%"3&3$ D3/$ '"$%$ 3' %$ 3<3,%#$ $*$ *'=,%$* %" 3,%"" 5 %$ #'7'73$ $% $4," ' *=$"@ %$ /"#3%3$@ %$ $=3#$3:7@ %$ $,#'"#*,3:7 5 %$
21
",?'#" 7*$%'"@ 7 ",?'#" 3$=7"#3$" 5 #'7'* ,7 #$$ ",<33'7#'9 P* % #$7#@ "' 7#: 7 0 $"" 7*$%'" (20J &$*7'" 5 1J1 ,?'*'")@ 7 2 $"" '7 *3'"= (26 &$*7'" 5 2J1 ,?'*'") 5 06 $"" %;73" ( &$*7'" 5 02 ,?'*'")9 P$*$ %$ *'"'7#' 37&'"#3=$3:7 "' 4,": *'%3$* '% *3'* '"#,3 *'$%3$ 7 '% =*, ' ",?'#" 7 %;73"Q9 L" *'",%#$" '*3#3'*7 '#'*37$* %$ 7"3"#'73$ 37#'*7$ '% 37"#*,'7# '" '3*@ '7 +,8 =*$ %" ;#'" ' $$ '"$%$ <*$7 ,7 7=%'*$ +,' '&$%$ ,7 '#'*37$ $"'# ' %" #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3"9 P* % #$7#@ '7 %$" #*'" ,'"#*$" '>%*$$" "' $%,%$*7 %" ;73'" ' **'%$3:7 ' P'$*"7 ' $$ '%''7# 7 #$" %$" 7' '"$%$" '% EDI-2@ 7"3=,3'7 $"; '% =*$ ' /='7'3$9 E7 *3733 "' '"'*$ +,' # '%''7# $7#'7=$ ,7$ **'%$3:7 "3#3&$ 5 "3=73<3$#3&$ 7 %$ '"$%$ $ %$ +,' '*#'7'' 5 ,7$ *'%$3:7 7,%$ 7 %$" '." '"$%$"9 L" *'",%#$" 4#'73" 7 $<3*$7 %$
22
Ta-la N ) C$nsisten#ia interna en "i/ersas m0estras n$ #l1ni#as
Es#ala M,'"#*$ O4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$' ,%33$ I7"$#3"<$3:7
Garner y Olmste" 2)3456 N 21
Ra#iti y N$r#r$ss 2)3476 N 26
an"erhey"en et 2)3446 N 1J
al. Sh$re y P$rter Garner 2)3386 2)3386 N J N 20J
Ni/ et al. 2)3346
R$n et al. 2)3336
NG 6
NG 22
Ne/$nen et al. 2988:6 N 602
09
090
091
091
09
096
092
09
09
092
092
096
096
09
096
09
**$% I7'<3$3$ P'*<'373" D'"7<3$7$ I7#'*'*"7$% C73'73$
092
092
09
091
092
096
092
091
09 096
090 09
090 096
092 090
090 090
09 0960
09 092
09J 09
090
091
096
09
09
09J0
090
096J
37#*'#3&$ M3' $ %$ $,*' A"'#3" I,%"3&3$ I7"'=,*3$ "3
%$091
091
09
09
09
0960
09
09
092 -
090 -
09 -
096J -
09 09 09 090
0920 0926 09J 091
09 09J 09 091
091 09 09 09J
-
-
2
E7 '% 37"#*,'7# *3=37$% '%$4*$ * G$*7'* "' '&$%,: %$ 7"3"#'73$ 37#'*7$ ,#3%3$7 '% $%<$ ' C*74$/9 G$*7'* (1) *'$%3: ,7$ $*$3:7 '7#*' %$ 7<3$43%3$ 4#'73$ '7 ", 37&'"#3=$3:7 3733$% 7 %$ ' #*$" 37&'"#3=$37'" "#'*3*'" 7 ,'"#*$" 7 %;73$" 5 * *:"3#" ' %$ *'"'7#' 37&'"#3=$3:7 "' /$7 $$3 #*" '"#,3"@ %" *'",%#$" "' '>*'"$7 '7 %$ #$4%$ $7#'*3*9 C "' ,'' 4"'*&$* '7 %$ #$4%$ N X 1@ '% EDI2 /$ $7#'73 $',$" 73&'%'" ' 7<3$43%3$ $% ,#3%3$*% '7 ,'"#*$" 7 %;73$"@ "3'7 73$'7#' %$ '"$%$ A"'#3" %$ +,' /$ $7#'73 ,7 A%/$ ' C*74$/ *'%$#3&$'7#' 4$? ' <*$ 7#37,$9 E" 3*#$7#' *'"$%#$* +,' "' /$ #$ * $7#'7'* 3/$ '"$%$ 5$ +,' '7 #*$" 37&'"#3=$37'" '7 %$" +,' "' #$ '7 ,'7#$ %$ 4%$3:7 %;73$ ", 7<3$43%3$ $,'7#$ "3=73<3$#3&$'7#'@ % ,.% $73<3'"#$ G$*7'* (1) *;$ "'* ,7 *3#'*3 $*$ '"%37$* 4%$3:7 %;73$ ' 7 %;73$9
2
4#'73'7 '7 #" %" $"" **'%$37'" "3=73<3$#3&$" $5*'" $ 09J9 P* %#3@ $*$ 4#'7'* %$ &$%3' ' 7"#*,# "' *'$%3$*7 3<'*'7#'" *'33'7#" $)
V$%3' 7&'*='7#' 5 3"*337$7#'9- "' **'%$37$*7 %$" '"$%$" '% EDI-2 7 #*$" *,'4$" +,' ';$7 '% 3" 7"#*,#9 P$*$ '"# "' ,#3%3: *,'4$" '% EAT@ '% C,'"#37$*3 ' <*$ **$%@ *,'4$" ' '*'"3:7@ '#9
4)
C**'%$37'" '7#*' %$" '"$%$"9- "' *'$%3: $*$ $3'7#'" 5 20J ",?'#" 7 %;73"9 S' '77#*$*7 =*$7'" **'%$37'" '7#*' %$" 3<'*'7#'" '"$%$"9
)
A7.%3"3" <$#*3$%9- '%/@ H$%% 5 $%'5 (1) *'$%3$*7 '% $7.%3"3" <$#*3$% $*$ ,'"#*$ 7 %;73$9 E77#*$*7 +,' %$" 7' '"$%$" "'
2J
•
F$#* 2 % "3$%@ 37%,5' %$" '"$%$" ' 37'<3$3$@ '"7<3$7$ 37#'*'*"7$% ' 37"'=,*3$ "3$%9
•
F$#* % **$% 37%,5' %$" '"$%$" ' 4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$' ' 37"$#3"<$3:7 **$%9
P%$7#'$3'7# '% *4%'$ L" #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3" "7 ,7 #3 ' $#%=;$ '7 *'33'7# 5 =*$7 '>$7"3:79 T$7 "% '7 '% P'*@ '7 4$"' $ %" *'",%#$" '% E"#,3 E3'3%:=3 ' S$%, M'7#$% (2002)@ '% 9 ' $%'"'7#'" '7#*' 12 5 1 $" ' L3$ M'#*%3#$7$ #3'7'7 #'7'73$ $ *4%'$" $%3'7#$*3"@ '7#'73 '*"7$" +,' $*$ 4$?$* ' '" #$7 %$>$7#'"@ &3#$7@ /$'7 '?'*33 '>'"3& $5,7$79 P* #* %$@ ,7 9 $'' ' 7,#$" 4,%;3$" * % '7" " &''" * "'$7$ * #*'" '"'"@ 5 ,7 091 ",<*' ' $7*'>3$
26
5@ "3 43'7 '" #3% $*$ '&$%,$* '% *3'"=@ 7 '&$%$ #*" $"'#" $"3$" $ %" #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3"9 S3 43'7 '>3"#'7 #*$" *,'4$" $*$ '&$%,$* #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3"@ ,/$" ,'7#$7 7 &$*3$" %33#$37'"9 P*3'*@ "% /$7 "3 '"#,3$$" '7 ", $5*;$ '7 4%$3:7 <''737$ "'=,7@ '" "34%' +,' '&$%'7 #$7 "% ,7 $"'# ' %" #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3" %$ $7*'>3$ '7 '% $" '% EAT 5 7 %$" $*$#'*;"#3$" $"3$$" $ %" 3""9 P* % 3"@ '% EDI-2 "' *'"'7#$ ,7 37&'7#$*3 $',$ +,' ,'' '7"$* %$" %33#$37'" '737$$"@ ,'' "'* #3% ''73'7 ' %" 4?'#3&" ' ", ,"@ 5$ "'$ *'&'7#3&@ 37&'"#3=$#3&@ '#9 5 ,'7#$ 7 %#3%'" 37&'"#3=$37'" $ 73&'% 37#'*7$37$% 5 '7 '% E"#,3 E3'3%:=3 ' S$%, M'7#$% '7 '% P'* (2002)@ * % +,' ", &$%3' 5 7<3$43%3$ '7 7,'"#* '3 '" 7''"$*3$ ' '#'*37$*9
2
29 D'#'*37$* %$ &$%3' ' 7#'73 '% I7&'7#$*3 ' T*$"#*7" ' %$ 7,#$ A%3'7#$*3$ (EDI-2) 9 D'#'*37$* %$ 7<3$43%3$ '% I7&'7#$*3 ' T*$"#*7" ' %$ 7,#$ A%3'7#$*3$ (EDI-2) * <$#*'" 5 ",4'"$%$"9 9 E%$4*$* %" 4$*'" *&3"37$%'" $*$ %$ 4%$3:7 7 %$ ,.% '"#$" #*$4$?$79 J9 A7$%3$* %$" *'%$37'" '7#*' %$" $*$#'*;"#3$" ' %$ ,'"#*$ 5 %" *'",%#$" 4#'73" '% EDI-29
CAP(TULO 9 %ETODOLOG(A
2919
T3 ' 37&'"#3=$3:7 L$ *'"'7#' 37&'"#3=$3:7 **'"7' $ ,7 3"' #*$7"&'*"$% ' 73&'% '"*3#3&@
,'"# +,' '7 %$ 3"$ "' 4,"$*. '"'3<3$* 5 '"*343* '#'*37$$" $*$#'*;"#3$" *'%$37$$" $ %" #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3"@ #$% "' *'"'7#$7 '7 ,7 '#'*37$ '7# (H'*7.7'@ F'*7.7' 5 $#3"#$@ 2006)9 P* #* %$@ '% 3"' ' %$ *'"'7#' 37&'"#3=$3:7 '" ' #3 7 '>'*3'7#$% 5$ +,'@ "' 4"'*&$7 <'7:'7" #$% 5 "' $7 '7 ", 7#'># 7$#,*$% "37 '* 7#*%$* %$
2
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
0
-
-
T'7'* '7#*' 16 5 20 $" ' '$9 E"#$* $#*3,%$ '7 %$" .*'$" ' '"#,3 ' %'#*$"@ 3'73$" '7 %$ $$'3$ *',73&'*"3#$*3$ '%'=3$ $% '7# ' %$ 37&'"#3=$3:79
-
-
H$4'* 7$3 '7 P'* L%'7$* $% '7" "'>@ '$ 5 .*'$ ' '"#,3 '7 %$ <3/$ '=*.<3$9
S' '%337$*7 ,7 ##$% ' J2 ",?'#" * 7 ,%3* %" *3#'*3" $**34$ '737$"9 D' 8"#"@ 2 <,'*7 '%337$" * 7 "'$%$* ", "'>@ '$ 5 .*'$ ' '"#,3 '7 %$ <3/$ '=*.<3$9 E" 3*#$7#' '737$* +,' 1 ",?'#" <,'*7 '%337$" * 7 7#'"#$* ,7 ;73 ' ;#'" '% 37&'7#$*3 EDI-2@ ,$#* <,'*7 '%337$" * 7 /$4'* 7$3 '7 P'* 5 " * 7 '77#*$*"' '7 '% *$7= ' '$ *,'"#9
1
Ta-la N 9 Distribución de la muestra según Edad, Área de estudios, Personas con las que vive, lugar de nacimiento y sexo.
E$ (E)
T#
%$<
16
2
9
1
16
9
1
12
29
1
9
20
1
9
100
P'*"7$" 7 %$" +,' &3&'
<
S%
1J
91
F$3%3$ N,%'$*
21
669
J
2692
C,'"#$
10
29
A3="
2
096
6
100
F$3%3$
$%3$$ F$3%3$
T#
%$ [*'$ ' '"#,3
P*',73&'*"3#$*3"
20 J19
U73&'*"3#$*3"
1 91
L,=$* ' 7$33'7#
L3$C$%%$ P*&373$
21 6 2
2
100
T#
%$H4*'"
16 9
M,?'*'"
1 J091
T#
%$ 100
S'>
T#
%$ 100
E7 *'%$3:7 $ %$ &$*3$4%' edad @ "' 4"'*&$ +,' %$ $5* $*#' ' %$ ,'"#*$@ ,7 96 '"#,& ,'"#$ * $%'"'7#'" ' 1 5 1 $" ' '$9 P* #* %$@ '% =*, ' 1 $" ,'7#$ 7 ,7 9 3'7#*$" +,' %$ 37*;$ '"#,& ,'"#$ * %" '"#,3$7#'" 7 16 $" (9) 5 20 $" (9)9 C$4' $=*'=$*@ $7$%3$7 %$ 3"#*34,3:7 ' %$ ,'"#*$ "'=7 '$ 5 "'>@ "' 4"'*&$ +,' %" 373&3," '7#*' 16 5 1 $" "' '7,'7#*$7 ,'"#" * *'7#$?'" "33%$*'" ' /4*'" 5 ,?'*'" $ 3<'*'73$ ' %" ",?'#" ' 20 $" ' '$@ '7 '% ,.% %" /4*'" "7 ." +,' '% 4%' ' %$" ,?'*'" 7 ,7 699 L$
2
'$ *'3 $*$ %" /4*'" '" ' 196 $" 5 $*$ %$" ,?'*'" ' 19J $"@ 7 '"&3$37'" '"#.7$* ' 09 5 09 *'"'#3&$'7#'9 P* #* %$@ 7 *'%$3:7 $% área de estudio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
L$" '3$" *'<'*3$" $% '" **$% '7 3%=*$" "7 ' 69J $*$ %" /4*'" 5 ' J91 $*$ %$" ,?'*'"9 P* #* %$@ 7 *'"'# $ %$ #$%%$ '7 '7#;'#*"@ "' 4"'*&$ +,' %$ #$%%$ *'3 ' %" /4*'" '" ",'*3* $ %$ ' %$" ,?'*'" 7 ,7 19 <*'7#' $ ,7 1960 *'"'#3&$'7#'9 E7 '% $" '% ;73' ' $"$ **$% *'<'*3@ "' "'$%$ +,' '% *'3 '7 '% $" ' %$" ,?'*'" '" ' 2191 3'7#*$" +,' '7 %" /4*'" '" ' 229@ $4" '7 '% *$7= 7"3'*$ 7*$%9 Ta-la N ; Dat$s "es#ripti/$s "e las /aria-les antr$p$m F''737
M$",%37
P'" T$%%$ IMC
N 1 1 1
M;73 090 19J 19J
M.>3 090 19 29
M'3$ J910 1960 21910
D'"&9 E"#9 901 90J 29
P'" T$%%$ IMC
1 1 1
190 1960 1J92
12090 19 J91
69J0 19 2290
1192 90J 91
299
I7"#*,'7#" P$*$ %$ *'"'7#' 37&'"#3=$3:7 "' ,#3%3$*7 %" "3=,3'7#'" 37"#*,'7#" 7 '% <37 '
%=*$* %" 4?'#3&" '% '"#,3 F3/$ "3'=*.<3$ S' ,#3%3: ,7$ <3/$ ' $#" "3'=*.<3" 7 '% <37 ' '#'*37$* "3 %" 373&3," "$#3"<$;$7 %" *3#'*3" ' 37%,"3:7 *'&3$'7#' '"'3<3$"9 L" $#" +,' "' '>#*$?'*7 ' %$ 3"$ <,'*7 "'>@ '$@ #$%%$ 5 '" $*>3$@ '*"7$" 7 %$" +,' &3&'@ $**'*$ +,' '"#,3$ 5 %,=$* ' 7$33'7#9 D3/$ 37<*$3:7 '*3#3: +,' "' *'$%3' ,7 $7.%3"3" ." <37 ' %" *'",%#$" 4#'73" 5$ +,' ?,'=$7 ,7 *% 3*#$7#' '7 '% '"$**%% 5 $7#'733'7# ' %" #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3" (&'* ANEKO C) I7&'7#$*3 ' #*$"#*7" ' %$ 7,#$ $%3'7#$*3$ (EDI-2)
J
E"#$ *,'4$ ,'' "'* ,#3%3$$ '7 '*"7$" ' $4" "'>" $5*'" ' %" ' $" $,7+,' #$4387 "' /$ ,#3%3$ '7 /3" ' 11 $" ' '$9 P* #* %$@ %$" $%#'*7$#3&$" ' *'",'"#$ $ %$" $<3*$37'" &3'7'7 $$" '7 <*$# L3'*# ' 6 ,7#"@ 5'7 ' 7,7$ $ "3'*'9 L$ <*$ ' $%3<3$3:7 ' 3/$" *'",'"#$" &$*;$ $% #$* '7 ,'7#$ +,' '>3"#'7 #$4387 $<3*$37'" *'$#$$" '7 <*$ 37&'*"$@ * % +,' %" ;#'" *'$#$" ' <*$ 3*'#$ ,7#$7 ' %$ "3=,3'7#' $7'*$ S3'*'
A &''"
0
C$"3 "3'*'
2
P$" &''"
0
A '7,
1
N,7$
0
6
U7$ <37$%3$ '% EDI-2 '" %$ ' 3'7#3<3$* "34%'" $"" &,%7'*$4%'" $ $''* #*$"#*7" ' %$ 7,#$ $%3'7#$*3$@ * % +,' '7 $"37'" '" 7&'73'7#' $%3$*% '7 4%$37'" 7*$%'"9 E" 3*#$7#' *'"$%#$* +,' '% EDI-2 7 '" ,7 37"#*,'7# 3$=7:"#3@ * % +,' '% *'" '4'*;$ "'=,3* 7 %$ *'$%3$3:7 ' '7#*'&3"#$" ." *<,7$" 7 %" ",?'#" +,' ",'*'7 '#'*37$ ,7# ' *#'9 E" 3*#$7#' *'"$%#$* +,' %$" '3$" ' *#' $ ,#3%3$* 7 '"#.7 *'&3$'7#' <3?$$" "37 +,' ''7'7 '% *:"3# ' $$ '&$%,$3:79 L$" $*$#'*;"#3$" '% EDI-2 /$'7 +,' $*$ *'$%3$* %$ 37#'**'#$3:7 ' %$" ,7#,$37'" 373&3,$%'" "'$ 3*#$7#' 5 7''"$*3 7#$* 7 4$*'" 3<'*'7#'" '7 4$"' $% "'>@ %$ '$ 5 $% 3$=7:"#3@ 5$ +,' %" $3'7#'" 7*$%'" 4#3'7'7 ,7#$?'" "3=73<3$#3&$'7#' 3<'*'7#'" $ %" %;73" $% 3=,$% +,' %" /4*'" $ %$" ,?'*'" #$7# 7*$%'" 5 %;73$"9
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
19 S' #: * 3/ #3 ' *#$3:7 5$ +,' $3#' +,' %" <$#*'" *'",%#$7#'" "' '7,'7#*'7 **'%$37$"@ 3'7#*$" +,' '7 %$" #*$7"<*$37'" 7 4%3,$" "' $7#3'7' %$ 37''7'73$ ' %$" 3"$" (M$*#;7'@ H'*7.7' 5 H'*7.7' 2006)9 P* #* %$@ "' '#'*37: %$ *=$73$3:7 ' %" <$#*'" $ #*$&8" ' %$" $#*3'" ' '"#*,#,*$ 4#'73$" '7 '% $7.%3"3" <$#*3$%@ *'#'73'7 "$#,*$37'" $5*'" 3=,$%'" $ 099 S' 7"3'*$ $'#$4%'" %$" "$#,*$37'" $5* 3=,$%'" $ 09 5 :#3$" %$" $5* 3=,$%'" $ 0969 4) A7.%3"3" ' %$ C7<3$43%3$ * 7"3"#'73$ I7#'*7$ ' %$" '"$%$" '% EDI-2 S' *'$%3$*7 %" $7.%3"3" "38#*3" ' %" ;#'" $=*,$7 %" 3"" ' $,'* $ %$" '"$%$" '%$4*$$" * G$*7'* (1)9 P$*$ '&$%,$* %$ 7"3"#'73$ 37#'*7$ ' %$" '"$%$" "' 4#,& '% A%/$ ' C*74$/9 G'*=' 5 M$%%'*5 (200) *7'7 +,' ,7 $%/$ '7* $ 09J '" $%@ ' 09J1 $ 09J '" ,'"#37$4%'@ ' 096 $ 96 '" $'#$4%'@ ' 09 $ 09 '" 4,'7
0
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
1
CAP(TULO ; RESULTADOS
A 7#37,$3:7 "' *''*. $ *'"'7#$* *'",%#$" ' %" $7.%3"3" '"#$;"#3" '7 *'%$3:7 $ %$ $$#$3:7 '% 37"#*,'7#9 P$*$ '"# "' ,#3%3: %$ &'*"3:7 1J '% *=*$$ '"#$;"#3 SPSS9 S' "'=,3*.7 %" $"" '>,'"#" '7 '% $;#,% $7#'*3* ' M'#%=;$9 I733$%'7#' ' '&$%,$*. %$ 7<3$43%3$ 5 &$%3' '% 37"#*,'7# $*$ "#'*3*'7#' '<373* "3 '>3"#'7 3<'*'73$" "3=73<3$#3&$" "'=7 %$" $*$#'*;"#3$" *3$" ' %$ ,'"#*$@ #$%'" "'>@ '$@ '#9 919
E&$%,$3:7 ' %$ &$%3' '% E$#37= D3"*'*" I7&'7#*5-2 (EDI-2)
2
'"#*,#,*$ 37#'*7$ '% 37"#*,'7#9 A% 3=,$% +,' '7 %$ $$#$3:7 '"$%$@ "' *'$%3: ,7 $7.%3"3" <$#*3$% '>%*$#*3 7 *#$3:7 4%3,$ 5 '>#*$3:7 ' 7'7#'" *373$%'"9 E" 3*#$7#' *'"$%#$* +,' 3/ $7.%3"3" <$#*3$% "' *'$%3: #$7# $*$ %$ ,'"#*$ ='7'*$% $*$ /4*'" 5 ,?'*'" * "'$*$@ $ 3<'*'73$ ' %$ &'*"3:7 '"$%$ '7 %$ +,' '#'*37$*7 73$'7#' %$ '"#*,#,*$ <$#*3$% $*$ %" "'>" * "'$*$9 E% $7.%3"3" <$#*3$% "' /3 '7 4$"' $ %$" 11 '"$%$" '% EDI-2 7 '% <37 ' '#'*37$* "3 "' 4#'7;$7 %" #*'" <$#*'" *373$%'"@ %" *'",%#$" <,'*7 %" "3=,3'7#'" Ta-la N 5 A0t$/al$res $-teni"$s me"iante el análisis =a#t$rial e?pl$rat$ri$
M,?'*'"
G'7'*
%$H4*'" ' %$ &$*3$7$
' %$ &$*3$7$ '>%3$$
' %$ &$*3$7$
' %$ &$*3$7$ '>%3$$
' %$ &$*3$7$
' %$ &$*3$7$ '>%3$$
F$#*
A,#&$%* '>%3$$ $,,%$
F$#*
A,#&$%* '>%3$$ $,,%$
F$#*
A,#&$%* '>%3$$ $,,%$
I (P'*"7$%) II (C**$%) III (S3$%)
92
90
90
1 (P'*"7$%)
91
96
96
A (P'*"7$%)
9
691
691
19J 192
192 1191
J296 691
191 9
9 J9
(S3$%)
(C**$%)
19J6 1910
C (C**$%)
192 192
129 119JJ
90 609J
IV
09
966
19
09
906
6J9
D
091
9
69
2 (S3$%)
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
J
#* %$@ C73'73$ 37#*'#3&$@ M3' $ %$ $,*' ' I,%"3&3$ '?'*'7 ,7 '<'# "4*' '% <$#* '>*'"$ $ #*$&8" ' ,7$ "$#,*$3:7 ",'*3* $ 099 P* %#3@ '% #'*'* <$#* '7 '% $" ' %" /4*'" 37#'=*$ %$" '"$%$" O4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$' 5 ,%33$@ 7#$7 7 "$#,*$37'" ' 09 5 091 *'"'#3&$'7#'9 A ", &'@ $7#3'7'7 ,7 '<'# "3=73<3$#3& "4*' 3/ <$#* %$" '"$%$" I7"$#3"<$3:7 **$%@ I7'<3$3$@ C73'73$ 37#*'#3&$ ' I,%"3&3$9 E" 3*#$7#' *'"$%#$* +,' "' *'*,' %$ '"#*,#,*$ <$#*3$% 4#'73$ '7 %$ &$%3$3:7 '"$%$9 E7 %$ #$4%$ N X 6 "' 4"'*&$7 %$" **'%$37'" 4#'73$" '7#*' %" 3"#37#" <$#*'" '% EDI-2 #$7# $*$ /4*'" $*$ ,?'*'"9 E7 '% $" ' %$" ,?'*'" "' 4"'*&$ ,7$ **'%$3:7 '3$7$ '7#*' '% F$#* I (% '*"7$%) 7 '% F$#* II (% **$%) (090) $ ", &' "' 4"'*&$ ,7$ **'%$3:7 '3$7$ (09) '7#*' '% F$#* I (% '*"7$%) 7 '% F$#* III (% "3$%)9 A'."@ "' '7,'7#*$ ,7$ **'%$3:7 4$?$ '7#*' '% F$#* II (% **$%) 7 '%
6
929
A7.%3"3" ' %$ 7"3"#'73$ 37#'*7$ 5 ' %$ 7<3$43%3$ ' %$" '"$%$" '% EDI-2 P$*$ '% $7.%3"3" ' %$ 7<3$43%3$ ' %$" 3<'*'7#'" '"$%$" '% EDI-2 "' ,#3%3: '%
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
Ta-la N 7 C$nsisten#ia interna y #$n=ia-ili"a" "e las es#alas $ri!inales "el EDI Es#ala* O-sesiBn p$r la "el!a"e 2 8.4)6 C**'%$3:7 '%''7#-##$% **'=3$ 1 090 09J 0960 11 16 090 096 2J 096 2 096
Es#ala* &0limia 2 8.@56 C**'%$3:7 '%''7#-##$% **'=3$ 092 J 091 2 0926 090 6 09 J 09J 61 092J
Es#ala* Insatis=a##iBn #$rp$ral 2 8.796 C**'%$3:7 '%''7#-##$% **'=3$ 2 0922 096 12 09 09 1 09 1 09 J JJ 09 096 J
Es#ala* Ine=i#a#ia 2 8.7;6 C**'%$3:7 '%''7#-##$% **'=3$ 10 092 1 09 20 092 2 09 2 09 09 1 09 2 091
P* #* %$@ '7 % *'<'*3 $ %$" '"$%$" $337$%'" '% EDI-2@ '7 %$ #$4%$ N X "' *'"'7#$7 %" ;73'" ' **'%$3:7 4#'73"9 S' ,'' 4"'*&$* +,' %$ '"$%$ I7"'=,*3$ "3$% 4#,& **'%$37'" '7#*' "," ;#'" '>'%'7#'" $*$ "3'#' ' "," / ;#'" 5 ,7 ,7$ **'%$3:7 4,'7$9 P* #* %$@ %$ '"$%$ I,%"3&3$ *'"'7#$ 73&'%'" 4,'7" ' **'%$3:7 $*$ "3'#' ;#'"@ 5 ,$#* $'#$4%'" $5*'" $ 0929 P* #* %$@ '7 %$ '"$%$ A"'#3"@ "' 4"'*&$ +,' %$ $$3$ 3"*337$#3&$ ' %$ '"$%$ '" '7* $% '77#*$* 73&'%'" ' **'%$3:7 '7*'" '7 *'%$3:7 $ %$" #*$" '"$%$"9 C,$#* ;#'" *'"'7#$7 **'%$37'" $'#$4%'" 5 ,$#* 4$?$"@ %%'=$7 '% ;#' 1 $ 4#'7'* ,7$ **'%$3:7 7'=$#3&$ 7 '% *'"# ' ;#'" ' %$ '"$%$9 Ta-la N 4 C$nsisten#ia interna y #$n=ia-ili"a" "e las es#alas aa"i"as en el EDIF9 Es#ala* As#etism$ 2 8.;)6
Es#ala* Inse!0ri"a" s$#ial 2 8.756
J0
A ", &'@ "' 4,": '&$%,$* %$ 7<3$43%3$ 5 %$ 7"3"#'73$ 37#'*7$ ' %" #*'" <$#*'" *,'"#" '7 %$ $$#$3:7 '"$%$ (% '*"7$%@ % "3$% 5 % **$%)9 E7 %$ #$4%$ N X "' *'"'7#$7 %" *'",%#$" 4#'73" '7 % *'<'*3 $ %$ 7<3$43%3$ 5 7"3"#'73$ 37#'*7$ ' %" #*'" <$#*'" '% EDI-29 D'% 3" +,' $*$ '% $7.%3"3" ' %$" '"$%$"@ '7 '"#' $" "' '#'*37: '% $%<$ ' C*74$/ $*$ '#'*37$* %$ 7<3$43%3$ ' %" <$#*'"9 S' ,'' 4"'*&$* +,' %" #*'" <$#*'" *'"'7#$7 ,7 $%<$ ' 73&'% '>'%'7#'@ '% <$#* '*"7$% 7 096@ '% <$#* "3$% 7 09J 5 '% <$#* **$% 7 091@ 7<3*$7 ' 3=,$% $7'*$ %$ 7<3$43%3$ '% 37"#*,'7#9 P* #* %$@ "' 4,": '&$%,$* %$ $$3$ 3"*337$#3&$ ' %" ;#'" +,' 7'7 %" <$#*'" '% EDI-2@ * % +,' "' ,#3%3: %$ $#*3 ' **'%$37'"@ *'",%#$" +,' "' '>7'7 '7 %$ #$4%$ N X 9 D' %" 1 ;#'" '% 37"#*,'7#@ "' '77#*: +,' *'"'7#$7 **'%$37'" 4,'7" '>'%'7#'"@ "3'#' *'"'7#$*7 **'%$37'" 4$?$" 5 '% ;#'
J1
Ta-la N 3 C$nsisten#ia interna y #$n=ia-ili"a" "e l$s =a#t$res "el EDIF9 C$n=ia-ili"a" =a#t$r )* L$ Pers$nal 2 8.4:6 C**'%$3:7 '%''7#-##$% **'=3$ 09 0922 J 2 091 0922 6 09 0922 J 61 091 1 09 2 092 09J0 6 091 J2 09 6 092 092 21 091 26 091 09 090 0 09J 096 J1 090
C$n=ia-ili"a" =a#t$r 9* L$ S$#ial 2 8.4@6 C**'%$3:7 '%''7#-##$% **'=3$ 10 092 1 09 20 09 2 0926 2 090 092 1 09 2 09J J0 09 J6 090 1J 09 1 092 2 096 0 09 091 J 091 J 090 6 09J 09J1 6 09J1 0 09
J2
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
J
,'' '#'*37$* +,' $4$" ,'"#*$" "7 7 $*$8#*3$"9 L,'= "' *'3: $ *'$%3$* '7 $7.%3"3" 7 $*$8#*3 M$77-/3#7'5 7 '% <37 ' '#'*37$* "3 '>3"#;$7 3<'*'73$" "3=73<3$#3&$" '7#*' %" "'>"9 E7 %$ #$4%$ N X 10 "' '>7'7 %" *'",%#$" 4#'73" '7 3/ $7.%3"3"@ #$7# %$" "3=73<3$37'" %" *$7=" ='7'*$" * %$ *,'4$ $'." ' %$" '3$" 5 %$" '"&3$37'" '"#.7$* 4#'73$"9 Ta-la N )8 C$mpara#iBn "e m0estras se!>n se?$ M$",%37 M'3$
F''737
D'"&3$3:7 '"#.7$*
M'3$
M$77-/3#7'5
D'"&3$3:7
S3=73<3$3:7
U
8.88G
)@8;7.88
C/'7
'"#.7$*
O-sesiBn p$r la "el!a"e
9.@;
;.;@
5.7)
,%33$
19JJ
291
19
292
092
1169J0
090
I7"$#3"<$3:7 **
%$J9
91
J9J
J9
091
10900
090
I7'<3$3$
29J
92
291
91
092
109J0
090
P'*<'373"
9JJ
91
9
92
096
12900
090
@.);
8.@)
J
%$ 3<'*'73$ '" '3$7$9 P* #* %$@ '7 '% $" ' 3,%"3&3$@ %" /4*'" 4#,&3'*7 ,7#$?'" $5*'" +,' %$" ,?'*'" $ 73&'% '"#$;"#3@ *'",%#$7 %$" '3$" ' J96 5 9J *'"'#3&$'7#'@ 3'7#*$" +,' '7 4$"' $% 0916 4#'73 '7 %$ ' C/'7@ "' ,'' '#'*37$* +,' '% #$$ ' '"#$ 3<'*'73$ '" ,5 '+,'9 P"#'*3*'7#'@ "' *'3: $ *'$%3$* %$ $*$3:7 ' %$" ,'"#*$" "'=7 '% '7#* ' '"#,3 $% +,' '*#'7''79 D' %$ 3"$ $7'*$@ "' $%3: %$ *,'4$ ' 7*$%3$ 7 '% <37 ' '#'*37$* '% #3 ' $7.%3"3" +,' "' ,#3%3$*;$ $*$ $*$* %" ,7#$?'" 4#'73"@ #$7# %$ 3"#*34,3:7 '% =*, '% '7#* *',73&'*"3#$*3 %" ,73&'*"3#$*3" #3'7'7 ,7$ 3"#*34,3:7 7 $*$8#*3$ $% 7#$* 7 "3=73<3$37'" '7*'" $ 090J * % #$7#@ "' *'3: $ *'$%3$* '% $7.%3"3" ' $*$3:7 ' '3$" $ #*$&8" '% 8# M$77-/3#7'59 Ta-la N )) C$mpara#iBn "e la m0estra se!>n área "e est0"i$ C'7#* *',73&'*"3#$*3 (7 ^ 20)
U73&'*"3$ (7 ^ 1)
M$77-/3#7'5
JJ
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a-la N )9 C$mpara#iBn "e la m0estra "e 0ni/ersitari$s se!>n área "e est0"i$ E"#,3" G'7'*$%'" L'#*$" (7 ^ 12) E"#,3" G'7'*$%'" C3'73$" (7 ^ 61) D'"&3$3:7 M'3$ M'3$ D'"&3$3:7 '"#.7$* '"#.7$*
O4"'"3:7 *
62
J 01
02
0
M$77-/3#7'5 S3=73<3$3:7
U
0 61
2J 00
C/'7 091
J6
*'$%3$* '7 $7.%3"3" M$77-/3#7'5 $*$ 7#*$"#$*%"9 L$ #$4%$ N X 12 7" ,'"#*$ %" *'",%#$" $*$ 3/$ $*$3:7@ $<3*.7"' $"; +,' 7 '>3"#'7 3<'*'73$" "3=73<3$#3&$" $*$ 3/" =*,"9 E7 *'%$3:7 $ %$ '$@ "' '#'*37$*7 " =*," 7 '% <37 ' *'$%3$* %$" $*$37'"9 S' '<373: '% =*, ' adolescencia media 7 %" ",?'#" ' 16 5 1 $" 5 adolescencia tardía 7 %" ",?'#" ' 1@ 1 5 20 $" '
'$9 E7 4$"' $ 3/$" $#'=*;$"
"' *'3: $ *'$%3$* '7 $7.%3"3" %=*&-S3*7& 7 '% <37 ' '#'*37$* "3 3/$" ,'"#*$" "' 3"#*34,;$7 7*$%'7#'@ '77#*.7"' +,' %$ ##$%3$ ' %$" '"$%$" $7#3'7'7 "3=73<3$37'" '7*'" $ 090J@ 7 % +,' "' ,'' '#'*37$* +,' $4$" ,'"#*$" #3'7'7 ,7$ 3"#*34,3:7 7 $*$8#*3$9 Ta-la N ); C$mpara#iBn "e la m0estra se!>n e"a" A%'"'73$ '3$ (7 ^ 21J)
A%'"'73$ #$*;$ (7 ^ 1)
M$77-/3#7'5
C/'7
J
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a-la N )5 C$mpara#iBn "e la m0estra se!>n l0!ar "e na#imient$
J
E7 %$ #$4%$ N X 1 "' 4"'*&$ +,' '>3"#'7 3<'*'73$" "3=73<3$#3&$" '7#*' $4" =*," $*$ %$" '"$%$" '*<'373"@ $"'#3" ' 3,%"3&3$ $% 7#$* 7 "3=73<3$37'" '7*'" $ 090J9 E7 4$"' $ %" *$7=" *'3" 4#'73"@ "' ,'' $<3*$* +,' '% =*, ' ",?'#" 7$3" '7 L3$C$%%$ #3'7'7 ,7#,$37'" "3=73<3$#3&$'7#' '7*'" $*$ 3/$" '"$%$" <*'7#' $ %" ",?'#" 7$3" '7 *&373$9 E7 %$ #$4%$ N X 1J "' *'"'7#$7 %" *'",%#$" 4#'73" '7 4$"' $% =*, ' '*"7$" 7 %$" ,.%'" %" ",?'#" &3&'79 C 5$ "' '737:@ "' $=*,: $ %" 373&3," '7 %" =*," <$3%3$ 7,%'$*@ "%@ <$3%3$ $%3$$@ <$3%3$ ,'"#$ 5 $3="9 I733$%'7#' "' *'3: $ '#'*37$* "3 %$" ,'"#*$" '*$7 7*$%'" $*$ '#'*37$* '% #3 ' $7.%3"3" $*$ %$ $*$3:7 ' '3$"9 S' 4"'*&$ +,' %$ $5*;$ ' "3=73<3$37'" $*$ %$ *,'4$ %=*&-S3*7& "7 '7*'" $ 090J@ * % +,' "' *'3: $ *'$%3$* $7.%3"3" 7 $*$8#*3" $*$ %$ $*$3:7 ' '3$"9 S' ,'' 4"'*&$* +,' '>3"#'7 3<'*'73$"
J
Ta-la N )@ Análisis Hr0sallFJallis para #$mpara#iBn "e m0estras n$ paramn pers$nas #$n las K0e /i/e
O4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$'
,%33$
I7"$#3"<$3:7 **
%$I7'<3$3$
Per=e##i$nism$
P'*"7$" 7 %$" +,' &3&'
M'3$
S% F$3%3$ N,%'$* F$3%3$ $%3$$ F$3%3$ C,'"#$ A3=" S% F$3%3$ N,%'$* F$3%3$ $%3$$ F$3%3$ C,'"#$ A3=" S% F$3%3$ N,%'$* F$3%3$ $%3$$ F$3%3$ C,'"#$ A3=" S% F$3%3$ N,%'$* F$3%3$ $%3$$ F$3%3$ C,'"#$ A3=" S$l$ amilia N0#lear amilia amplia"a amilia C$mp0esta Ami!$s
92 9 92 J920 900 19 19J2 1911 1960 09J0 90 J9 J92 690 1900 290 29 296 900 1900 )8.48 7.59 :.@3 :.3@ 4.88
D'"&3$3:7 '"#.7$* 9 9 9 92 J966 196 29 19J 291 091 J916 9 96 J96J 191 91 92 96 90 191 5.8: 5.)3 5.;8 5.3) ).5)
S3=79
09
092
091
09
8.89
60
Ta-la N ): Análisis %annFJhitney para #$mpara#iBn "e la es#ala per=e##i$nism$ se!>n pers$nas #$n las K0e /i/e M$77-/3#7'5
C/'7
S3=73<3$3:7
U
S$l$ F amilia n0#lear S$l$ F amilia amplia"a
8.88 8.88
)8)8.88 ;58.88
8.49 ).8)
S$l$ F amilia #$mp0esta
8.8;
5).88
8.4:
09 0911
9J0 101J900
1902 091
F$3%3$ 7,%'$* - F$3%3$ ,'"#$
09J
1069J0
0910
F$3%3$ 7,%'$* - A3="
096
200900
0921
F$3%3$ $%3$$ - F$3%3$ ,'"#$ 09
J9J0
090
F$3%3$ A%3$$ - A3="
09J
6900
09
F$3%3$ ,'"#$ - $3="
096
J900
09
P'*<'373" S% - A3=" F$3%3$ 7,%'$* - F$3%3$ $%3$$
] 090J \ D3<'*'73$" "3=73<3$#3&$"
L,'= "' *'3: $ *'$%3$* %$ $*$3:7 ' %" ",?'#" '7 4$"' $% ;73' ' $"$ **$% *'*#$ 4#'73 '7 4$"' $ %$" #$%%$" 5 '"" *'<'*3" * %" 3""9 S' '77#*:
Ta-la N )7 Análisis Hr0sallFJallis para #$mpara#iBn "e m0estras n$ paramn I%C re=eri"$
O-sesiBn p$r la "el!a"e
,%33$
R$7= '% IMC &aM$ pes$ Ran!$ n$rmal
S$-repes$ O-esi"a" !ra"$ ) O-esi"a" !ra"$ 9 $? '" R$7= 7*$% S4*''" O4'"3$ =*$ 1 O4'"3$ =*$ 2
M'3$ 9.58 ;.:4
D'"&3$3:7 '"#.7$* ;.77 5.@3
5.9: :.:7 @.88 196 09 190 19J 29
5.9: :.)3
S3=79
8.88
.
190 1912 291 90 291
09J0
Insatis=a##iBn #$rp$ral
&aM$ pes$ Ran!$ n$rmal S$-repes$ O-esi"a" !ra"$ ) O-esi"a" !ra"$ 9
$? '" R$7= 7*$% I7'<3$3$ S4*''" O4'"3$ =*$ 1 O4'"3$ =*$ 2 $? '" R$7= 7*$% P'*<'373" S4*''" O4'"3$ =*$ 1 O4'"3$ =*$ 2 $? '" R$7= 7*$% D'"7<3$7$ S4*''" 37#'*'*"7$% O4'"3$ =*$ 1 O4'"3$ =*$ 2 $? '" R$7= 7*$% C73'73$ S4*''" 37#*'#3&$ O4'"3$ =*$ 1 O4'"3$ =*$ 2 $? '" R$7= 7*$% M3' $ %$ S4*''" $,*' O4'"3$ =*$ 1 O4'"3$ =*$ 2 $? '"
:.78 5.9@ @.;@ 4.58 5.4; 910 291 296 9 91 9J 6966 961 696 9 J966 9J 92 912 69J0 96 966 9J 9 J91 9 926 96 912 69J0 J91
;.@) ;.7) 5.7: @.53 ;.)3 900 292 91 92 J90 91 96 91 91 J9J0 92 9 92 911 96 9 92 9J J91 92 9 J966 9J 9JJ 29 29
8.88
09J
090
09J
091
096J
I7"'=,*3$ S3
%$$? '" R$7= 7*
%$9 9
926 29J
S4*''" O4'"3$ =*$ 1 O4'"3$ =*$ 2
91 J90 9
962 96 290
] 090J \ D3<'*'73$" "3=73<3$#3&$"
0960
62
E7 '% $" ' 4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$' "' 4"'*&$ +,' %" ",?'#" '7 ,7 *$7= 4$? '" '% IMC ,7#$7 "3=73<3$#3&$'7#' ." 4$? +,' %$" '*"7$" '7 ,7 *$7= 7*$% ' '" ' "4*''"9 A ", &'@ "' '77#*: +,' %" ",?'#" 7 ,7 *$7= 7*$% ' IMC ,7#,$*7 "3=73<3$#3&$'7#' ." 4$? +,' %" ",?'#" 7 "4*''" 7 4'"3$ =*$ 1 '7 %$ '"$%$ 4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$'9 Ta-la N )4 Análisis %annFJhitney para #$mpara#iBn "e la m0estra se!>n ran!$ "el I%C re=eri"$ M$77-/3#7'5
&aM$ pes$ F Ran!$ n$rmal &aM$ pes$ F S$-repes$ $? '" - O4'"3$ =*$ 1 $? '" - O4'"3$ =*$ 2 O4"'"3:7 * Ran!$ n$rmal F S$-repes$ Ran!$ n$rmal F O-esi"a" !ra"$ ) %$ '%=$' R$7= 7*$% - O4'"3$ =*$ 2 S4*''" - O4'"3$ =*$ 1 S4*''" - O4'"3$ =*$ 2
S3=73<3$3:7
U
8.8) 8.88
;743.@8 573.@8
0916
19J0
09J0
8.8; 8.8;
900 @)93.88 538.88
09J
6900
096
900
09J
129J0
C/'7
8.;) 8.5: 096 096 8.); 8.4: 092 096 091
6
P* #* %$@ '7 *'%$3:7 $ %$ '"$%$ 37"$#3"<$3:7 **$%@ "' '77#*: +,' 7 /$5 3<'*'73$" "3=73<3$#3&$" '7#*' %" =*," 4$? '" 5 *$7= 7*$% * #'7'* ,7$ "3=73<3$3:7 ' 0926@ 3'7#*$" +,' "; "' '#'*37: 7 "3=73<3$3:7 '"#$;"#3$ %$ 3<'*'73$ '7#*' '% =*, 4$? '" 5 "4*''" $*$ 3/$ '"$%$@ ,7#,$7 "3=73<3$#3&$'7#' ." $%# %$" '*"7$" 7 "4*''"9 D' %$ 3"$ <*$@ "' 4"'*&$ +,' %$" '*"7$" +,' "' '7,'7#*$7 '7 ,7 *$7= 7*$% ' IMC ,7#$7 "3=73<3$#3&$'7#' ." 4$? +,' %$" '*"7$" 7 "4*''" '7 %$ '"$%$ ' 37"$#3"<$3:7 **$% $ 7#$* 7 ,7$ "3=73<3$3:7 ' 09009 E" 3*#$7#' *'"$%#$* +,' %" ",?'#" 7 "4*''" ,7#,$*7 "3=73<3$#3&$'7#' ." $%# +,' %$" '*"7$" 7 4'"3$ =*$ 1 $*$ %$ '"$%$ ' 37"$#3"<$3:7 **$%9 P* %#3@ '7 *'%$3:7 $ %$ '"$%$ 3,%"3&3$@ "' '77#*: +,' %$" '*"7$" 4$? '" ,7#$7 "3=73<3$#3&$'7#' ." 4$? +,' %$" '*"7$" 7 "4*''"@ 4'"3$ =*$ 1 '7 *$7= 7*$%@ $% 7#$* 7 ,7$ "3=73<3$3:7 '7* $ 090J 5 '7 *'%$3:7 $ %" *$7="
6
Ta-la N )3 Análisis %annFJhitney para #$mpara#iBn "e m0estras n$ paramn e"a" y se?$. F''737
M$",%37
M$77-/3#7'5
M$77-/3#7'5
E"$%$ O4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$'
,%33$ I7"$#3"<$3:7 **
%$I7'<3$3$
P'*<'373" D'"7<3$7$ 37#'*'*"7$% C73'73$ 37#*'#3&$
E$ A%'"'73$ '3$ A%'"'73$ #$*;$ A%'"'73$ '3$ A%'"'73$ #$*;$ A%'"'73$ '3$ A%'"'73$ #$*;$ A%'"'73$ '3$ A%'"'73$ #$*;$ A%'"'73$ '3$ A%'"'73$ #$*;$ A%'"'73$ '3$ A%'"'73$ #$*;$ A%'"'73$ '3$ A%'"'73$ #$*;$ A%'"'73$
N
D'"&3$3:7 M'3$ '"#.7$* S3=73<3$3:7 U
10 92
C/'7
J90J 09
J900 090J
N
D'"&3$3:7 M'3$ '"#.7$* S3=73<3$3:7 U
10 29J
9J
2926
911
9J6
J92
10 19
29J
10 196
291J
19J
2911
096
69J0 0911
192
290
10 J9
J91
10 J96
92
J91
92
092
900 0916
691
J9J
10 290
9J6
10 296
91
296
9J
10 911
922
69
906
10 9
960
9
9
10 9J
9
90
91
10 9
9J0
091
90
96
10 96
92J 092
901
9
10 962
92 0921
90
92
10 J9
J9J 09J2
96
9
10
62
2129J0 091
6900 0916
069J0 091
JJ09J0 0921
C/'7
09
29J0 091J
096
2J900 090
09
2900 091J
0926
29J0 090
090J
001900 090
8.85
29J0 8.99
8.89
229J0 8.;3
0 10
10 J0 0 1
] 090J \ D3<'*'73$" "3=73<3$#3&$"
P* %#3@ $ ' 37#'=*$3:7@ "' 4,": $*$* %" ,7#$?'" 4#'73" $ 73&'% ' %" #*'" <$#*'" '% 37"#*,'7# #$7 '7 7"3'*$3:7 %$" &$*3$4%'" '$ 5 "'>9 I733$%'7#' "' '#'*37: +,' 3/$" ,'"#*$" 7 '*$7 $*$8#*3$"@ * % +,' "' *'3: $ *'$%3$* %" $7.%3"3" ' 7#*$"#'9 L" *'",%#$" "3=73<3$#3&" "' *'"'7#$7 '7 %$ #$4%$ N X 209
6J
Ta-la N 98 Di=eren#ias si!ni=i#ati/as a ni/el "e =a#t$res en se?$ y e"a". M$",%37 A%'"'73$ '3$
A%'"'73$ #$*;$
M$77-/3#7'5
M'3$ D'"&3$3:7 '"#.7$* F$#* P'*"7$% 296 19J F$#* S3$% 129 9
M'3$ D'"&3$3:7 '"#.7$* 2912 1J90 9 90
S3=73<3$3:7
U
0900 0901
J900 09 2900 092
A%'"'73$ '3$ F''737
M$",%37
M$77-/3#7'5
M'3$ D'"&3$3:7 '"#.7$* 9 91
M'3$ D'"&3$3:7 '"#.7$* 129 9
S3=73<3$3:7
U
0901
J2900 092
A%'"'73$ #$*;$ F''737
M$",%37
M$77-/3#7'5
M'3$ D'"&3$3:7 '"#.7$* 90 J9JJ
S3=73<3$3:7
U
090
20900 09
F$#* S3
%$M'3$ D'"&3$3:7 '"#.7$* F$#* C**$% 109 926 ] 090J
C/'7
C/'7
C/'7
66
99
$*'" *&3"37$%'" C $*#' ' %" 4?'#3&" ' %$ *'"'7#' 37&'"#3=$3:7 "' *," %$ '%$4*$3:7 '
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
CAP(TULO 5 DISCUSI'N
L$ *'"'7#' 37&'"#3=$3:7 #,& <37 '#'*37$* %$ &$%3' 5 7<3$43%3$ '% I7&'7#$*3 ' #*$"#*7" ' %$ 7,#$ $%3'7#$*3$ EDI-2 '7 ,7$ 4%$3:7 ' $%'"'7#'" ' L3$-M'#*%3#$7$@ *'",%#$" +,' +,'$*7 $&$%$" 5$ '7 '% $;#,% $7#'*3* '* ,5$ 3","3:7 "'*. $4*$$ $ 7#37,$3:79 C 5$ /$ "3 '737$@ '% EDI-2 '" ,7 37&'7#$*3 ' $,# *'*#' +,' '&$%$ $*$#'*;"#3$" ' %" #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3"9 D3/ 37&'7#$*3 ,'7#$ 7 7' '"$%$" +,' 3<'*'7#'" 37&'"#3=$37'"@ #$%'" %$ '"$%$@ #3'7'7 $ $=*,$* '7 #*'" <$#*'"@ "3'7
6
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
6
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
0
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
1
P* #* %$@ #$% "' '737:@ '% $7.%3"3" <$#*3$% "' *'$%3: #$4387 $*$ /4*'" 5 ,?'*'" * "'$*$ 7 '% <37 ' *'*,3* '% *'" ' $$#$3:7 '"$%9 E" 3*#$7#' *'"$%#$* +,' "3 43'7 %$" '"#*,#,*$" 4#'73$" * $$ =87'* "7 "33%$*'"@ '7 '% $" ' %$" ,?'*'" '% <$#* **$% 4*$ $5* 3*#$73$ +,' '% <$#* "3$%@ $ 3<'*'73$ ' %" /4*'"9 E"#$ 3<'*'73$ '7 %$ '"#*,#,*$ '7#*' %" =87'*" 7" *7' +,' '7 '% $" ' %$" ,?'*'" ." 3*#$7#' '" '% $"'# **$% 3'7#*$" +,' '7 %" /4*'" '" '% <$#* "3$%9 E"# ,'' '7#'7'*"' '"' %$ :#3$ ' %" .77'" **$%'" $*$ /4*'" 5 ,?'*'"9 E7 '% $" ' %$" ,?'*'" '% ,'* 3'$% "' $73<3'"#$@ 5$ "' '737:@ $ #*$&8" ' ,7 ,'* '%=$@ '* ", "3=73<3$ *'"3' 4."3$'7#' '7 % '"#8#39 S3 43'7 '"# "' *'%$37$ 7 $*$#'*;"#3$" '*"7$%'" ' %$" ,?'*'"@ %$ '%=$' '7 %$" 3"$" *'"7' $ %$ &3"3:7 '% ,'* 3'$%9 P* #* %$@ '7 *'%$3:7 $% ,'* $",%37@ '7#* '% 3" 7 "% "' 37#'=*$ '% $"'# <;"3@ "37 +,' 37&%,*$ $'."
2
"3$%9 E" 3*#$7#' *'"$%#$* +,' "3 43'7 "' *'*,' %$ '"#*,#,*$ <$#*3$% '"$%$@ "' 4"'*&$ +,' 3<'*'7#'" '"$%$" $7#3'7'7 3*#$7#'" *'%$37'" 7 3"#37#" <$#*'"9 P* ,7 %$@ "' '7,'7#*$ +,' %$ '"$%$ 73'73$ 37#*'#3&$ $7#3'7' ,7$ "$#,*$3:7 $%#$ 7 '% <$#* "3$%9 E"# ,'' '4'*"' $ +,' %$ 73'73$ 37#*'#3&$ 37%,5' %$ $$3$ ' %" ",?'#" ' *'7'* 5 *'"7'* $',$$'7#' $ "," '"#$" '37$%'"@ * % +,' "' 4"'*&$ +,' $5* 7<,"3:7 '37$% $5* 3<3,%#$ $ 73&'% "3$% ' 37#'*'*"7$%9 P* #* %$@ #*$ '"$%$ +,' "' $"3$ <,'*#''7#' $% <$#* "3$% '" %$ ' 3' $ %$ $,*'@ "3 *'*$"@ *$,"< (1J) *7' +,' ,7$ ' %$" #$*'$" ' %" $%'"'7#'" '" 3<'*'73$*"' ' ", =*, <$3%3$* 5 *'$<3*$*"' $ 73&'% "3$%@ 7 % +,' '3'$7 $ '>%*$* ,.%'" "7 "," $$3$'" '*"7$%'" 7 '% <37 ' $<3*$*"' <*'7#' $ %$" '*"7$"9 M,/$" &''" '"#$ #$*'$ ='7'*$ ,/$ 7<,"3:7 5 3' +,' "' &'7 *'*'"'7#$" '7 %$ '"$%$ 3' $ %$ $,*'@ '* '"#' 3' "' *'%$37$ 4."3$'7#' $ 7 %=*$* $<3*$*"'
'"#'*'#3" "4*' %$ <3=,*$ $",%37$@ '" '7#'7'* '7 4$"' $ O='7 +,' '>3"#' ,7$ 3"*'$73$ '7#*' '% ,'* *'$% 5 '% ,'* 3'$% +,' &$ $ $<'#$* 5 &'*"' $<'#$$ * '% .43# "3$%9
G,3:7 (1@ .=9 1JJ) *7' % "3=,3'7#' A,7+,' $*''7 "'* ." *;#3$" 7 ", $"'# <;"3@ %$" ,?'*'" "' "3'7#'7 ." "'=,*$" $'*$ ' %" %;3#'" ' ", ,'*@ ' %$" <*7#'*$" **$%'"@ +,' %" /4*'"9 E"$ 3*'"3:7 +,' ,/" /4*'" #3'7'7 ' &,%7'*$43%3$ **$% #$% &' *&'7=$ ' +,' %$ <*#$%'$ <;"3$ '" $3*$$ ,*$7#' %" $" '"%$*'"@ 3'7#*$" +,'@ "#'*3*'7#'@ /$5 $ *'%$3:7 '7#*' %$ <,'*$ %$ $=3%3$ ' ,7 &$*:7 5 %$" *4$43%3$'" ' +,' #'7=$ 8>3# '7 ", &3$9Q
3*#$73$ +,' 4*$7 %" <$#*'" '*"7$%'" #3'7' +,' &'* 7 +,' 37#'=*$ $*$#'*;"#3$" 7''"$*3$"@ "3 *'*$" %$ '#3$#='73$ ' %" #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3"@ $*$ +,' "' <*#$%'$7 %" <$#*'" **$%'" 5 "3$%'"@ 73'7 $"; $ %$ '*"7$ '7 ,7$ $5* &,%7'*$43%3$9 E7 *'%$3:7 $ %$ 7<3$43%3$ '% 37"#*,'7#@ "' '77#*: $ 73&'% ' %$" '"$%$"@ +,' 7,'&' ' %$" 7' '"$%$" *'"'7#$*7 ,7 73&'% ' 7<3$43%3$ :#3@ ,7$ 4#,& ,7$ 7<3$43%3$ '3$7$'7#' 4$?$ 5 #$7 "% ,7$ ' %$" '"$%$" 4#,& ,7$ 7<3$43%3$ 4$?$9 P*;$" %$7#'$* '7#7'" +,' ' %$" 7' '"$%$"@ 3' *'"'7#$*7 73&'%'" ' 7<3$43%3$ $',$" 5 :#3" 5@ #$7 "% '7 *'%$3:7 $ %$ '"$%$ A"'#3"@ "' 4"'*&$ ,7$ 7<3$43%3$ *'%$#3&$'7#' 4$?$9 L" '<33'7#'" ' 7<3$43%3$ $*$ '% 37"#*,'7# "' '7,'7#*$7 '7#* '% *$7= 091-091 $*$ '% $" ' %$" '"$%$"@ '*#'7'3'7 '% ." 4$? $ %$ '"$%$ A"'#3" 5 '% ." $%# $ O4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$'9 E" 3*#$7#' *'"$%#$* +,' "3
J
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
6
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
U7 "34%' $43 *;$ "'* ","#3#,3* %$ $*#' /3*$#" ' $*47Q * "3%''7#' $*4/3*$#"Q@ 5$ +,' '" ,7 #8*37 ." 73 5 $'"34%' '7 7,'"#* '3@ % +,' *;$ $,'7#$* '% '7#'733'7# '% ;#'9 P* #* %$@ '% ;#' 26 '*#'7'' $ %$ '"$%$ C73'73$ 37#*'#3&$9 E7 ,$7# $ 3/$ '"$%$@ "' 4"'*&$ +,' %$ 3"$ *'"'7#$ ,7$ 7<3$43%3$ :#3$ 5 +,'@ ' %" 3' ;#'" +,' %$ 7'7 #$7 "% ,7 *'"'7#$ ,7$ **'%$3:7 4$?$ $,7+,' $',$$ 7 '% *'"# ' %" ;#'" +,' %$ 7'79 E% ;#' 26 (P,' *'7'* %$" '37'" +,' "3'7# '7 $$ '7#Q) *'"'7#$ ,7 0 ' $,'* '7#*' %" ?,''" $*$ %$ 37%,"3:7 '% 3" '7 %$ '"$%$ 5 ,7 100 ' $,'* "'=7 %$ *'$3:7 '% 3"9 S3 43'7@ $ 73&'% ,*$'7#' '"#$;"#3@ /,43'*$ "3 *''7$4%' %$ '%337$3:7 ' 3/ ;#' 7 '% <37 ' '?*$* %$ 7<3$43%3$ ' %$ '"$%$@ "' #: * $7#'7'*% 5$ +,' '% 7#'73 '% 3" '" 4$"#$7#' 3*#$7#' '7 *'%$3:7 $ %$ '"$%$9 T$% &' "'*;$ *''7$4%' ,7 $43 '7 %$ *'$3:7 '%
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
0
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
1
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
2
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
J
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
6
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
D' #" "@ "' *'$%3$*7 3'*#$" $*$37'" #$7 '7 ,'7#$ '% IMC *'*#$9 D'7#* ' 3/$" $*$37'"@ "' '77#*$*7 3<'*'73$" "3=73<3$#3&$" $*$ %$" '"$%$" 4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$'@ 37"$#3"<$3:7 **$% ' 3,%"3&3$9 E7 *'%$3:7 $ %$ 4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$'@ "' '77#*: +,' %" ",?'#" +,' "' '77#*$4$7 '7 %$ $#'=*;$ 4$? '"@ ,7#,$*7 '3$7$'7#' ." 4$? +,' %" +,' "' '7,'7#*$7 '7 ,7 *$7= 7*$% '7 "4*''" $ ", &'@ %$" '*"7$" '7 ,7 *$7= 7*$% ,7#$7 ,7 ." 4$? +,' %$" '*"7$" '7 "4*''" '* ,/ ." 4$? +,' %$" '*"7$" 7 4'"3$ =*$ 19 S3 "'=,3" %$ %;7'$ ' %" *'",%#$" $7#'*3*'"@ '" 4"'*&$* +,' $ $5* ;73' ' $"$ **$% $5* 4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$'9 E"# 7" *7' +,' %$" '*"7$" 7 ,7 IMC *'*#$ ",'*3* "3'7#'7 $5* 4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$'@ *'",%#$" +,' ,''7 &'*"' '>%3$" ,7$ $5* 3<'*'73$ 7 %$ <3=,*$ '% ,'* "3$%'7#' $'#$$ 5 '<373$9 E"# *;$ '4'*"' $ +,' "3 43'7 "' /$4%$ ' %" #*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3" '7 7,'"#*
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
0
*'"'7#$ '7 3"#37#$" 7,#$" ,'' "'* %$ /"#3%3$@ $4," "' *=$" ,*=$#3&$"@ '#9 '* '7 ,7 '7* =*$@ 5$ +,' 3/$" '*"7$" #3'7'7 $ $7#'7'* ,/ 7#*% 7 *'"'# $ ", $%3'7#$3:79 P* % #$7#@ "' *;$ %$7#'$* +,' %$ 3,%"3&3$ $,'7#$ '7 *'%$3:7 $ ,7 $,'7# '% IMC@ "37 #$* '7 ,'7#$ %" $"" '>#*'" ' $7*'>3$@ '7 %" ,.%'" #$4387 "' *'"'7#$7 $%#" 73&'%'" ' 3,%"3&3$9 P* %#3@ $ 73&'% ' 37#'=*$3:7@ "' *'$%3$*7 $*$37'" $ 73&'% ' %" #*'" <$#*'" +,' '&$%$ '% 37"#*,'7#@ "3'7 '% '*"7$%@ '% "3$% 5 '% **$%9 C "' *," $7#'*3*'7#'@ "' '77#*: +,' '7 %" $%'"'7#'" '3" %" /4*'" 4#,&3'*7 $5*'" ,7#$?'" '7 *'%$3:7 $% <$#* "3$%9 S3 43'7 '" ,7$ 3<'*'73$ '"#$;"#3$'7#' '+,'$@ '"# ,'' '4'*"' $ +,' %$" ,?'*'" #3'7'7 ,7$ '?* '>*'"3:7 '37$% 5 $7#3'7'7 &;7,%" ." 7"#$7#'" 5 7#'7'*'"9
1
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
2
CONCLUSIONES
L$" 7%,"37'" +,' "' '"*'7'7 ' %" *'",%#$" /$%%$" '7 %$ *'"'7#' 37&'"#3=$3:7 "7 %" "3=,3'7#'" 19
E% I7&'7#$*3 ' #*$"#*7" ' %$ 7,#$ $%3'7#$*3$ (EDI-2) $$#$ '" ,7 37"#*,'7# &.%3 5 7<3$4%' $*$ "'* $%3$ '7 ,7 =*, ' '"#,3$7#'" '7#*' %" 16 5 20 $" ' '$ ' ,7$ $$'3$ *',73&'*"3#$*3$ ,7$ ,73&'*"3$ *3&$$ ' L3$9
29
E'*='7 ' $7'*$ %$*$ #*'" <$#*'" +,' ",45$'7 %$" 7' '"$%$" '% I7&'7#$*3 ' #*$"#*7" ' %$ 7,#$ $%3'7#$*3$ (EDI-2) 5 '"#" "7 '%
%$ =*,*$9 P* #* %$@ %" /4*'" *'"'7#$7 $5* 3,%"3&3$ +,' %$" ,?'*'"@ * % +,' #3'7'7 $5* 3<3,%#$ $*$ *'=,%$* "," 3,%""9 69
L" '"#,3$7#'" '% '7#* *',73&'*"3#$*3 *'"'7#$7 $5* 4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$'@ "'7#33'7#" ' 37'<3$3$@ '*<'373"@ $"'#3"@ 3' $ %$ $,*' ' 3,%"3&3$9 P* #* %$@ 7 /$5 3<'*'73$" '7#*' %" '"#,3$7#'" ,73&'*"3#$*3" ' %'#*$" 7 %" ' 3'73$"9
9
L" $%'"'7#'" ' *&373$ "7 ." '*<'373"#$"@ $"'#$" ' 3,%"3&"9
9
L" $%'"'7#'" '3" '7 *'%$3:7 $ %" $%'"'7#'" #$*;" "37 3<'*'73$* * =87'*@ "7 ." '*<'373"#$"@ $"'#$"@ 3,%"3&"@ #3'7'7 $5* 3' $ %$ $,*' 5 $5*'" ,7#$?'" '7 73'73$ 37#*'#3&$@ % +,' %" "3#$ '7 ,7 '"#$ ' $5* 7<,"3:7 $*$ *'7'* 5 *'"7'*
129
D'43 $ %$" 3<'*'73$" '7#*' %" =87'*" 5 '#'*37$" =*," ' '$@ "' **37$*7 3<'*'7#'" 4$*'" $*$ '* 3'7#3<3$* $',$$'7#' $ %" ",?'#" '7 *:>3$" $%3$37'"9
REERENCIAS •
•
A3'7@ L9 (200)9 Tests psicolgicos y evaluacin! (11&$ E9)9 M8>3 P*'7#3' H$%%9 A'*3$7 P"5/3$#*3 A""3$#379 (2002)9 Diagnostic and statistical manual o" mental disorders ($ E9)9 $"/37=#7 DC9
•
A**,<$#@ A9 G,$*3$@ 9 F*'3>$@ M9 (1)9 Introduccin a la estadística en psicología! E"$$ E337'" ' %$ ,73&'*"3#$# '
•
•
$*'%7$9
'$,7#@ P9 (1)9 T*'$#'7# < $7*'>3$ 7'*&3"$9 #ancet 1@ 16J-1609 *''*#7@ T3#/59 (200)9 $linical %andboo& o" eating disorders! An integrated approac%!
U73#' S#$#'" < A'*3$ M$*'% D''*
6
•
C$"#%'@ D9@ P/3%%3"@ 9 (2002)9 Disorders o" body image! G*$7 *'#$$ 3%'" L#@ G,3%<*9
•
C$",%%@ M9@ P.'@ D9 (2000)9 $ultura y alexitimia* +cmo expresamos lo que sentimos ,'7" A3*'" E3#*3$% P$3"
•
C'*&'*$@ M7"'**$#9 (200J)9 'iesgo y prevencin de la anorexia y la bulimia! E"$$ E337'" P3*.3'
•
C*3"@ R9 F3=,'*$@ E9 G,'%$*@ D9 (16)9 Anorexia y bulimia* lo que %ay que saber! $*'%7$ E3#*3$% G'3"$9
•
E&'*'7@ 9 G%'$&'@ D9 (1)9 A7 '>$37$#37 < #/' I7#'*7$% C7"3"#'75 $7 F$#* S#*,#,*' < #/' E$#37= D3"*'* I7&'7#*5-2 37 $ C%373$% S$%'9 International ournal o" Eating Disorders, ./ 012, 34.-345!
•
G$*;$@ E9 V.+,'@ V9 L:'@ 9 A*3%$@ D9 (200)9 V$%3' 37#'*7$ 5 ,#3%3$ 3$=7:"#3$ '% E$#37= D3"*'*" I7&'7#*5 '7 ,?'*'" '>3$7$"9 'evista 7alud 69blica de :)xico, J@ 206-2109
•
G$*7'*@ D9 (1)9 Inventario de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria! M$*3 T'$ E337'"
•
G7.%'@ M$*;$ (1)9 ;eminidad y masculinidad! 7ub
•
G,$$=7%3@ E9 V'*%3'*@ 9 (1)9 R'%$#37 < "3%' "3' # #/' "#$43%3#5 < 7'7# $##'*7"9 6syc%ological bulletin! 10 (2)@ 26J-2J9
•
G,3:7@ "89 (1)9 #os lugares del cuerpo! =eurobiología y psicosociología de la corporalidad! $*'%7$ E337'" P$3" I48*3$ S9A9
•
I$**3#,@ M9 C*,@ V9 M*.7@ I9 (200)9 I7"#*,'7#" ' '&$%,$3:7 $*$ %" #*$"#*7" ' %$ 7,#$ $%3'7#$*3$9 'evista de 7alud 69blica y =utricin!J (2)9
•
$37@ A9 (2001)9 :)todos de investigacin en psicología clínica 03ra ed2! M8>3 P'$*"7 E,$#37
•
3*"$7@ D9@ S$%=,'3*@M9 (2002)9 El enemigo en el espe
•
M$*3 T'$ E337'" S9A9
*$,"<@ D9 (1)9 Adolescencia y Educacin! S'=,7$ '33:79 E3#*3$% EUNED9 S$7 "89
•
L$7=%'5@ 9 (2006)9 Boys get anorexia too! Doping 8it% male eating disorders in "amily! G*$7 *'#$$ T/' C*'%% P*'"" L#9
•
M$*#;7'@ R9 H'*7.7'@ 9 H'*7.7'@ V9 (2006)9 6sicometría9 M$*3 A%3$7$
•
N3&@ N9 $%$7@ 9 M3#*$73@ E9 S/3$7=@ 9 (1)9 V$%33#5 S#,5 < #/' EDI-2 37 I"*$'%3 ,%$#379 T%e Israel ournal o" 6syc%iatry and related 7ciences, J ()@ 2229
•
O%3&$*3$@ R9@ P'@ H9@ P/3%%3"@ A9 (2000)9 T%e Adonis $omplex! T%e secret crisis o" male body obsession! N' C* T/' <*'' *'""
•
P$$%3$@ D9@ '7" O%"@ S9 a D,"37 F'%$7@ R9 (200J)9 6sicología del Desarrollo! N&'7$ '33:79 M8>3 M9 G*$ H3%% I7#'*$'*3$7$9
•
P'*3$@ C9 (1)9 T*$"#*7" $%3'7#$*3"9 E7 '%%/@ A9@ S$7;7 5 R$"9 :anual de psicopatología!
•
V% 19 (9 J1-JJJ)9 M$*3 MG*$-H3%%
P/'%"@ L9 3%'7"3@ F9 (1)9 E$#37= 3"*'*" 37&'7#*5 b 2 C=73#3&'-4'/$&3*$% 3'7"37" 3#/ 77%373$% $%'"'7#"9 ournal o" clinical psyc%ology, ()@ J0-
100
•
S/'$'*@ C9 S#*3'7@ T9 S#$$@ C9 (1)9 V$%3$#37 < #/' E$#37= D3"*'*" I7&'7#*5 37 $ N7%373$% P,%$#37 ,"37= #*$7"<*' $7 ,7#*$7"<*' *'"7"'"9 International ournal o" Eating Disorders, 1J ()@ -9
•
S#*3'7@ T9 O,'7"@ M9 (200)9 V$%3$#37 < #/' D,#/ EDI-2 37 7' %373$% $7 # 77%373$% ,%$#3"9 European ournal o" 6syc%ological Assessment, 1 (1)@ 66-
•
•
T*@ 9 (200)9 'iesgo y causas de la anorexia nerviosa! E"$$ E3#*3$% A*3'% S9A9 T*,?3%%@ M9 R3&$"@ L9 (200J)9 O*;='7'"@ '&%,3:7 5 '%" ' %$ 37#'%3='73$ '37$%9 Innovar, revista de ciencias administrativas y sociales de la >niversidad =acional de $olombia@ =9 -29
•
3"@ L9 S3'='*#@ R9 $%'5@ F9 (200)9 A 7<3*$#37 < #/' E3=/#-F$#* "#*,#,*' < #/' E$#37= D3"*'*" I7&'7#*5 37 $ 77%373$% "$%'@ 3#/ N'#/'*%$7" N*"9
101
TA&LA DE CONTENIDO DE LOS ANEOS
ANEKO A C*3#'*3" 3$=7:"#3" ' %" 3<'*'7#'" T*$"#*7" T*$"#*7" A%3'7#$*3" ANEKO C7"'7#33'7# 37<*$ ANEKO C F3/$ "3'=*.<3$ ANEKO D I7&'7#$*3 EDI-2
ANEKO E C$%3<3$3:7 5 **'3:7 '% EDI-2 ANEKO F R'",%#$" ' %" ?,''" $*$ %$ &$%3' ' 7#'73 ANEKO G C"33:7 <$#*3$% 4#'73$ '7 %$ $$#$3:7 '"$%$
ANEKO H C"33:7 <$#*3$% %'#$ 4#'73$ '7 %$ *'"'7#' 37&'"#3=$3:7
ANEO A CRITERIOS DIAGN'STICOS DE LOS TRASTORNOS ALI%ENTARIOS SEGN EL DS%FIFTR A7*'>3$ 7'*&3"$ A9 R'/$ $ $7#'7'* $7#'7'* '% '" '" **$% 3=,$% '73$ '% '% &$%* ;73 ;73 7*$% 7"3'*$7 %$ '$ 5 %$ #$%%$9 (9 '?9 P8*3$ ' '" +,' $ %,=$* $ ,7 '" 37<'*3* $% J '% '"'*$4%'@ <*$$" '7 7"'=,3* '% $,'7# ' '" 7*$% ,*$7#' '% '*3 ' *'33'7#@ *'33'7#@ $7 *'",%#$ ,7 '" '" **$% 37<'*3* $% J J '% '" '"'*$4%')9 '"'*$4%')9 9 M3' 37#'7" $ =$7$* '" '" $ 7&'*#3*"' '7 4'"@ 37%," 37%," '"#$7 * '4$? '% '" 7*$%9 C9 A%#'*$3:7 ' %$ '*'3:7 '*'3:7 '%
%$ "3%,'#$ **$%'"@ '>$='*$3:7 ' ",
,%33$ 7'*&3"$ A9 P*'"'73$ ' $#*$7'" $#*$7'" *',**'7#'"9 *',**'7#'"9 U7 $#*$:7 "' $*$#'*3$ * (1)
37='" 37='"#$ #$ ' ' $%3' $%3'7# 7# '7 ,7 ,7 *# *# '"$3 '"$3 ' #3' #3' (9 '?9 '7 ,7 '*3 '*3 ' " /*$") '7 $7#3$ ",'*3* $ %$ +,' %$ $5*;$ ' %$" '*"7$" 37='*3*;$7 '7 ,7 '*3 ' #3' "33%$* 5 '7 %$" 3"$" 3*,7"#$73$"9
(2)
"'7"$ "'7"$3: 3:77 ' 8*3 8*3$ $ ' 7#* 7#*% % "4* "4*'' %$ %$ 37=' 37='"#$ "#$ '% $%3'7 $%3'7# # (9 (9 '?9 "'7"$3:7 ' 7 '* $*$* ' '* 7 '* 7#*%$* '% #3 %$ $7#3$ ' 3$ +,' "' '"#. 37=3*3'7)
9 C7,#$" '7"$#*3$" '7"$#*3$" 37$*3$$"@ 37$*3$$"@ ' $7'*$ *''#3$@ *''#3$@ 7 '% <37 ' 7 =$7$* =$7$* '"@ "7 "7 *&$3:7 *&$3:7 '% &:3#@ ," '>'"3& '>'"3& ' %$>$7#'"@ %$>$7#'"@ 3,*8#3"@ '7'$" '7'$" , #*" <.*$" $5,7 5 '?'*33 '>'"3&) C9 L" $#*$7'" $#*$7'" 5 %$" 7,#$" 7,#$" '7"$# '7"$#*3$" *3$" 37$*3$ 37$*3$$" $" #3'7'7 %,=$*@ %,=$*@
37=' E$#37= A9 E3"3" *',**'7#'" *',**'7#'" ' $#*$7'"9 $#*$7'"9 U7 '3"3 ' $#*$:7 "' $*$#'*3$ * %$" " 7337'" "3=,3'7#'" (1) (1)
37=' 37='"# "#$$ ' ' $%3 $%3' '7# 7# '7 '7 ,7 ,7 * *# # '"$ '"$3 3 ' ' #3' #3' (9 (9 '?9 '?9 '7 ,7 '*3 '*3 ' ' " /*$") '7 $7#3$ '<373#3&$'7#' ",'*3* $ %$ +,' %$ $5*;$ ' %$ ='7#' *;$ 7",3* '7 '% 3" #3' 5 4$? 3*,7"#$73$" "33%$*'"9
(2) (2)
"'7" "'7"$ $3: 3:77 ' 8* 8*3 3$$ ' ' 7 7#* #*% % "4 "4*' *' %$ %$ 37= 37='" '"#$ #$ ,* ,*$7 $7#' #' '% '% '3"3 (9 '?9 "'7"$3:7 ' +,' ,7 7 ,'' $*$* ' '* 7#*%$* +,8 ,.7# '"#. 3'79)
9 L" '3"3 '3"3" " ' $#*$:7 $#*$:7 "' $"3 $"3$7 $7 $ #*'" ." ." ' %" "3=,3'7 "3=,3'7#'" #'" ";7#$ ";7#$" " (1) (1)
37='"#$ ,/ ." *.3$ ' % 7*
%$ ANEO & CONSENTI%IENTO CONSENTI%IENTO INOR%ADO
U9 E"#. "3'7 37&3#$($) $ $*#33$* '7 ,7$ 37&'"#3=$3:7 "4*' A"'#" P"3%:=3" 5 F;"3" ' %$ S$%,9 E"#' '"#,3 '" *'$%3$ * %" '"#,3$7#'" ' "3%=;$ D3'= G,'**'* C$7$%'@ T$%;$ H'**'*$ T$3$ 5 L*'7$ R*;=,' C,$*" 5 <*$ $*#' ' ,7$ 37&'"# 37&'"#3=$ 3=$3: 3:77 +,' 4,"$ 4,"$ 4#'7' 4#'7'** ,7$ $*> $*>3$ 3$3: 3:77 "3 "3%:= %:=3$ 3$ $ #'$" #'$" ' "$%, "$%, '7 '"#,3$7#'" $%'"'7#'" ,?'*'" ,73&'*"3#$*3$"9 U"#' <,' "'%'37$($) $*$ $*#33$* '7 '"#$ 37&'"#3=$3:7 $% "'* ,7($) $%'"'7#' '7#*' 16 5 20 $" ' '$9 S3 ,"#' ,"#' '3 '3'' $'# $'#$* $*@@ "' %' "%33 "%33#$* #$*.. 7 7#'" #'"#$* #$* ,7$ '+,' '+,'$ $ '7,'" '7,'"#$ #$ "4*' "4*' $#" $#" "3 "3' '=*. =*.<3 <3" " 5 ,$#* ,$#* *,'4 *,'4$" $" "3 "3%:= %:=3$ 3$"" *'%$3 *'%$37$ 7$$" $" 7 %" #'$" #'$" $**34$ $**34$ '737$"9 S, $5,$ 7" '*3#3*. 7'* ." $'*$ ' %$" &$*3$4%'" '737$$" '7 '"#$ 4%$3:79 E7 '"' "'7#3@ ", $*#33$3:7 '" ,5 &$%3"$ 5$ +,' 7#*34,5' $ ='7'*$* 733'7# +,' ,'' "'* #3% '7 '% '"$**%% ' <,#,*$" '"#*$#'=3$" "3%:=3$"9
ANEO C ICA SOCIODE%OGRQICA P* <$&*@ %%'7$ #" #," $#" '7 '"#$ <3/$9 E7 $" 7 ,'7#'" 7 %" $#" '>$#"@ %%'7$ '% '"$3 7 &$%*'" $*>3$"9 A"'=*$#' ' 7 '?$* 737=7 '"$3 '7 4%$79 M,/$" =*$3$"9
E"a"*
Se?$*
Pes$*
Talla*
L0!ar "e na#imient$* Ci#l$ en el K0e te en#0entras* Carrera K0e est0"ias*
ANEO D EDIF9 Instr0##i$nes* D'4'" 7#'"#$* $ %$" <*$"'" +,' "' *7'79 A%=,7$" "' *'<3'*'7 $ %$ 3$ 5 #*$" $ %" "'7#33'7#" $#3#,'" +,' '>'*3'7#$"9 E7 $$ <*$"' "' *7'7 37 $%#'*7$#3&$" ' *'",'"#$"@ ' %$" ,.%'" '4'*." '%'=3* ,7$@ %$ +,' '?* #' '"*34$9 L$" 37'" ' *'",'"#$ $*$ $$ $<3*$3:7 "7
N0n#a P$#as /e#es A /e#es A men0"$ Casi siempre Siempre
8 ) 9 ; 5 @
E7 $$ <*$"' 7#'"#$ "3 % +,' "' 3' #' ,**' 5 7 '?'" 73 ,7$ '7 4%$79 R','*$ +,' 7 /$5 *'",'"#$ **'#$ 73 37**'#$@ ":% ,43$ % +,' '"#8 ." ' $,'* 7 #, '>'*3'73$9
C$ntesta a t$"as las =rases #$n sin#eri"a"
(0) N,7$ (1)P$" &''" () A '7, ()C$"3 "3'*' ) M' $","# ,$7 3" "'7#33'7#" "7 ,5 <,'*#'"9 (0) N,7$ (1)P$" &''" () A '7, ()C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J)S3'*' (2)A &''" (J)S3'*'
) P3'7" +,' 3" ,"%" "7 '$"3$" =*,'""9 (0) N,7$ (1)P$" &''" () A '7, ()C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J)S3'*'
10) M' 7"3'* ,7$ '*"7$ $ '<3$9 (0) N,7$ (1)P$" &''" () A '7, ()C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J)S3'*'
11) M' "3'7# ,5 ,%$4%' ,$7 '7 '>'"9 (0) N,7$ (1)P$" &''" () A '7, ()C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J)S3'*'
12) C*' +,' 3 '"#:$= #3'7' ,7 #$$ $',$9 (0) N,7$ (1)P$" &''" () A '7, ()C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J)S3'*'
1) E7 3 <$3%3$ ":% "' 7"3'*$7 ",<33'7#''7#' 4,'7" %" *'",%#$" "4*'"$%3'7#'"9 (0) N,7$ (1)P$" &''" (2)A &''"
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J)S3'*'
21) S,'% '"#$* 7<," "4*' 3" '37'"9
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J)S3'*'
22) P*'<'*3*;$ "'* $,%# $ "'* 739
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
2) M' *'",%#$ <.3% ,73$*' 7 %"
(0) N,7$ () A '7, 2) M' =,"#$*;$ "'* #*$
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
'."9 (1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J)S3'*'
'*"7$9 (1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J)S3'*' (2)A &''" (J)S3'*'
2J) E>$='* 5 '$"3$$ 3*#$73$ $% '"9
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J)S3'*'
26) P,' *'7'* %$" '37'" +,' "3'7# '7 $$ '7#9
) N "8 +,8 '" % +,' ,**' '7 3 37#'*3*9
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
) M' ,'"#$ '>*'"$* 3" '37'" $ %"
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
'."9 (1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2) A &''" (J) S3'*'
J) L$" '>3='73$" ' %$ &3$ $,%#$
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
"7 '>'"3&$"9 (1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2) A &''" (J) S3'*'
6) M' <$"#33$ 7 "'* '% '?* '7
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
#9 (1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2) A &''" (J) S3'*' (2) A &''" (J) S3'*'
) M' "3'7# "'=,* ' ; 3"9
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
) S,'% '7"$* '7 $*' ,7
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
$#*$:79 (1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2) A &''" (J)S3'*' (2) A &''" (J) S3'*'
() A '7,
() C$"3 "3'*'
(J)S3'*'
6) C 7 '*$3:7 '%$7#' ' %" '."@ '* ' 5 ,7 $#*$:7 ,$7 "' &$79
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J)S3'*'
) M' "3'7# /37/$ '",8" ' ,7$ 3$ 7*$%9
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J)S3'*'
) C*' +,' %$" '*"7$" "7 ."
(0) N,7$ () A '7, ) S3 '7=* ,7 3%@
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
<'%3'" ,$7 "7 73"9 (1) P$" &''" (2)A &''" () C$"3 "3'*' (J)S3'*'
' *',$ +,' ,'$ "'=,3* =$7$7 '"9 (1) P$" &''" (2)A &''" () C$"3 "3'*' (J)S3'*'
J0) M' 7"3'* ,7$
'*"7$ &$%3"$9 (0) N,7$ (1) P$" &''" () A '7, () C$"3 "3'*'
J1) C,$7 '"#5 3"=,"#$ 7 "8 "3 '"#5 #*3"#'@
(0) N,7$ () A '7
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J)S3'*' $","#$ '7<$$9 (2)A &''" (J)S3'*'
J) L" '?*'" $" ' #,
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
&3$ "7 ,$7 %%'=$" $ "'* $,%#9 (2) A &''" (1) P$" &''" (J) S3'*' () C$"3 "3'*'
J) C*' +,' 3 #*$"'* '" '$"3$ =*$7'9
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2) A &''" (J) S3'*'
60) T'7= "'7#33'7#" +,' 7
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
,' 3'7#3<3$* '% #9 (2) A &''" (1) P$" &''" (J) S3'*' () C$"3 "3'*'
61) C 4'4 $ '"73$"9
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
62) C*' +,' 3" $'*$" #3'7'7 '%
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
#$$ $',$9 (1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2) A &''" (J) S3'*'
4?'#3&" ",$'7#' $433""9 (0) N,7$ (1) P$" &''" () A '7, () C$"3 "3'*'
(2) A &''" (J) S3'*'
6) M' <3?
(2) A &''" (J) S3'*'
1) M' '"<,'* * 4,"$* "$" +,' *,'7 %$'*9
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J) S3'*'
2) D'4 #'7'* ,3$ 7 3
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
#'7'73$ $ 7",3* *=$"9 (1) P$" &''" (2)A &''" () C$"3 "3'*' (J) S3'*'
) S5 ,73$#3& 7 %$ $5* $*#'
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
' %$ ='7#'9 (1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J) S3'*'
) L$" *'%$37'" 7 %" '." /$'7 +,' '
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
"3'7#$ $#*$$9 (1) P$" &''" (2)A &''" () C$"3 "3'*' (J) S3'*'
J) L$ $47'=$3:7 ' /$' "'7#3* ." <,'*#'
(0) N,7$ () A '7, 6) L$ ='7#' *'7' 3"
(0) N,7$ () A '7
'"3*3#,$%'7#'9 (1) P$" &''" (2)A &''" () C$"3 "3'*' (J) S3'*'
&'*$'*" *4%'$"9 (1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2)A &''" (J) S3'*'
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2) A &''" (J) S3'*'
) T'7= %$ "'7"$3:7 ' +,' # ' "$%' $%9
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2) A &''" (J) S3'*'
J) T'7= $43" ' /,* 4*,""9
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
(2) A &''" (J) S3'*'
6) M' "3'7# 37: * %$"
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
7''"3$'" ' 3 ,'*9 (1) P$" &''" (2) A &''" () C$"3 "3'*' (J) S3'*'
) P*'<3'* $"$* '% #3' "% +,' '"#$* 7 %" '."9
(0) N,7$ () A '7,
(1) P$" &''" () C$"3 "3'*'
7&3'*#' '7 ,7$ '*"7$ '?* (0) N,7$ (1) P$" &''" () A '7, () C$"3 "3'*'
(2) A &''" (J) S3'*'
) E% ",<*33'7# #'
) S8 +,' %$ ='7#' ' $*'3$9
(2) A &''" (J) S3'*'
ANEO E CORRECCI'N + CALIICACI'N DEL EDIF9
E"$%$" 19 O4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$' •
•
Í#'" 3*'#" @ 11@ 16@ 2J@2 5 Í#'" 37&'*"" 1
29 ,%33$ •
Í#'" 3*'#" @ J@ 2@ @ 6@ J 5 61
9 I7"$#3"<$3:7 **
%$ 9 C73'73$ 37#*'#3&$ •
•
Í#'" 3*'#" @ 21@ @ 0@ @ @ J1@ 60 5 6 Í#'" 37&'*"" 26
9 M3' $ %$ $,*' •
•
Í#'" 3*'#" @ 6@ 1@ J 5 Í#'" 37&'*"" 22@ 5
9 A"'#3" •
•
Í#'" 3*'#" 66@ 6@ J@ @ 2@ 6 5 Í#'" 37&'*"" 1
109 I,%"3&3$
S3'*' A &''" 0 C$"3 "3'*' 2 P$" &''" 0 A '7, 1 N,7$ 0
N,7$ A '7, 0 P$" &''" 2 C$"3 "3'*' 0 A &''" 1 S3'*' 0
ANEO TA&LA DE UECES Í#' ,' 1 ,' 2 ,' ,' ,' J ,' 6 ,' ,' ,' ,' 10 "e a#0er"$ 8.38 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 ).88 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8.38 ).88 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8.38 8.38 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 ).88 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8.38 12 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8.38 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 ).88 16 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88
).88 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Í#' ,' 1 ,' 2 ,' ,' ,' J ,' 6 ,' ,' ,' ,' 10 "e a#0er"$ ).88 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 J0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 J1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 ).88 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 JJ 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8.38 ).88 J6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8.38 J 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8.38 J 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 60 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 ).88 61 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8.38 62 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8.48 6 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 6J 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 8.48 ).88 66 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 ).88 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ).88 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 8.38
ANEO G CO%POSICI'N ACTORIAL O&TENIDA EN LA ADAPTACI'N ESPAOLA
C7'7#' ,%33$ P'*<'373" C73'73$ 37#*'#3&$ M3' $ %$ $,*' A"'#3"
1 V$*7'" M,?'*'" 0962 096 096 09J 09
0962
091 09J6
092 09J
2
V$*7'" M,?'*'"
V$*7'" M,?'*'"
090 092
-0926
090
ANEO
CO%POSICI'N ACTORIAL CO%PLETA O&TENIDA EN LA
PRESENTE INESTIGACI'N %atri "e estr0#t0ra para la m0estra !eneral C7'7#' O4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$' ,%33$ I7"$#3"<$3:7 **$% I7'<3$3$
P'*<'373" D'"7<3$7$ 37#'*'*"7$% C73'73$ 37#*'#3&$ M3' $ %$ $,*'
A"'#3"
1 92 900 90 92J 91 90 96J 9J 6J6
2 -902 -916J -90 -91 -900J -96 -9 -96 - 260
-92 -900 -96 -9J2 -90 9006 -9J0 -92 - 21
%atri "e estr0#t0ra2a6 para h$m-res C7'7#' 1 926 92 -9026 91J 9J
2 -912 -92 -9616 -91 906
-90 -910 -92 -912 -91
9
-91
906
I,%"3&3$
9J 9 960 96J
-9 -90 -9261 -9
-9JJ -91J -921 -906
I7"'=,*3$ S3
%$926
-91
-91
O4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$' ,%33$ I7"$#3"<$3:7 **$% I7'<3$3$
P'*<'373" D'"7<3$7$
37#'*'*"7$% C73'73$ 37#*'#3&$ M3' $ %$ $,*'
A"'#3"
M8# ' '>#*$3:7 A7.%3"3" ' 7'7#'" *373$%'"9 M'# ' *#$3:7 N*$%3$3:7 O4%337 7 $3"'*9 $ S'> ^ M$",%37
ANEO I DISTRI&UCI'N DE PERCENTILES PARA %UERES O4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$'
PD 0d 2 2 2 26 2J 2 2 22 21 20 1 1 1 16 1J 1 1 12 11 10 6 J 2 1 0
&
,%33$
I7"$#3"<$3:7
**
%$I7'<3$3$
P'*<'373"
D'"7<3$7$ 37#'*'*"7
%$C73'73$ 37#*'#3&$
M3' $ %$
$,*'
A " '# 3"
I ,% "3 &3 $
I7"'=,*3$ "3
%$100 100
100
100 6 J 2 6 2 0 66 60 J6 26
J 1 6 J
J 1 0 6 J 2 6 0 6 60 J 0 0 21 1J
J 0 2 6 J1 6
100 6 1 6 6 6 JJ J 6 2 2 1 6
100
6 1 J 6 J 2 2 1
100 6 6 2 0 1 J 1 66 J J0 2 0 1
100
100 100
6 6 0 0 J 2 2 61 J 1 2 1 10 1
100 6 2 2 J 6J J1 16
6 1 J 1 6 61 J J J 2
6 0 J 1 6J JJ J 2 21
PD 0d 2 2 2 26 2J 2 2 22 21 20 1 1 1 16 1J 1 1 12 11 10 6 J 2 1 0
ANEO DISTRI&UCI'N DE PERCENTILES PARA O%&RES O4"'"3:7 * %$ '%=$'
PD 0d 2 2 2 26 2J 2 2 22 21 20 1 1 1 16 1J 1 1 12 11 10 6 J 2 1 0
AM
AT
,%33$ AM
AM
AT
I7'<3$3$ AM
AT
P'*<'373" AM
AT
D'"7<3$7$ 37#'*'*"7
%$C73'73$ 37#*'#3&$
AM
AM
AT
AT
M3' $ %$
$,*' AM
AT
A"' #3" AM
AT
I , %"3&3$ AM
AT
I7"'=,*3$ "3
%$AM
AT
100 100 100 100 100
100
100 100
100
100
100
6 J 2 1 J 6 2
1
2 2 J2
100
6 2 2 J
AM ^ A%'"'73$ '3$ AT ^ A%'"'73$ #$*;$
&
AT
I7"$#3"<$3:7 **
%$ 1 6 66 JJ
6 0 2 6 6 6
2 2J 20 12
100
100
J
100 100
6
6 6 JJ 0 0 2J 1
1
2
6
1 J
1 1 61 2
1 J 6 J
6 6
6 J2 J 2 6 21 16 1
6 1 J 6 62 J1
100 6 0 6
J
6 62
26 22 1 10
J2 2 21 1
100
100
0 2 6 1 62 J 2
J 2 J 1 J
100 0
0
2
6 J2 0 1J
2 6 JJ 22
2 J 2 6
62 J2 J 2J 16 J 1
6 2 0 J 1 6 6 J 6 22 10 2
100 100 1
6 6 J J 0 1 6
0 J 6 J 1 1 10
1 J 6 J JJ 26 1 1
6 J
1 6 60 J1 2J 16
J 1 0
J 6 6 J2 6 20
6 2 2 J 2 61 J 1
PD 0d 2 2 2 26 2J 2 2 22 21 20 1 1 1 16 1J 1 1 12 11 10 6 J 2 1 0
