UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA CATÓLICA SANTO SANTO TORIBIO DE MOGROVEJO FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA ESCUELA DE ARQUITECTURA
MONOGRAFÍA ADMINISTRACIÓN: CIENCIA, TEORÍA Y PRÁCTICA
ALUMNA: EYZAGUIRRE CASTRO, CAROLINA
DOCENTE: ING. JAIME TORRES BACA
CURSO: DIRECCIÓN FINANCIERA Y COMERCIAL
Chiclayo !" #$ oc%&'($ #$ !)*+
RESUMEN
* CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
A#/i0i1%(a( $1 $l 2(oc$1o /$#ia0%$ $l 3&$ 1$ #i1$4a y /a0%i$0$ &0 a/'i$0%$ 2a(a c&/2li( co0 $5ci$0cia #$%$(/i0a#a1 /$%a1. Lo1 6$($0%$1 ($ali7a0 la1 8&0cio0$1 #$ 2la0$a( o(6a0i7a( i0%$6(a( 2$(1o0al #i(i6i( y co0%(ola(. A#/i0i1%(a( $1 &0a ac%i9i#a# $1$0cial $0 %o#o1 lo1 0i9$l$1 o(6a0i7acio0al$1 1i0 $/'a(6o la1 ha'ili#a#$1 6$($0cial$1 ($3&$(i#a1 9a(;a0 co0 $l 0i9$l o(6a0i7acio0al. La /$%a #$ %o#o1 lo1 6$($0%$1 $1 c($a( 9alo( a6($6a#o. La1 $/2($1a1 #$'$0 a2(o9$cha( la1 %$0#$0cia1 #$l 1i6lo <0 #$'$0 $08oca(1$ $0 la 2(o#&c%i9i#a# $1 #$ci( alca07a( &0a ($laci=0 8a9o(a'l$ $0%($ 2(o#&cci=0 $ i01&/o1 $0 &0 2$(io#o $12$c;5co co0 la #$'i#a a%$0ci=0 a la cali#a#. La 2(o#&c%i9i#a# 1&2o0$ $8$c%i9i#a# ?alca07a( lo1 o'@$%i9o1 y $5ci$0cia ?&%ili7a( la /$0o( ca0%i#a# #$ ($c&(1o1. La 2(c%ica a#/i0i1%(a%i9a $1 &0 a(%$ y $l co0oci/i$0%o o(6a0i7a#o 3&$ 1&'yac$ a la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 $1 &0a ci$0cia. M&cho1 a&%o($1 y 2(ac%ica0%$1 ha0 co0%(i'&i#o al #$1a((ollo #$l 2$01a/i$0%o a#/i0i1%(a%i9o. S$ ha0 2(o2&$1%o /&cha1 %$o(;a1 1o'($ la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 y ca#a &0a co0%(i'&y$ $0 al6o a 0&$1%(o co0oci/i$0%o 1o'($ 3&> hac$0 lo1 6$($0%$1. El $08o3&$ #$l 2(oc$1o a#/i0i1%(a%i9o 1$ ali/$0%a #$ o%(a1 %$o(;a1 #$ la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 y la1 i0%$6(a $0 &0 1i1%$/a a#/i0i1%(a%i9o %o%al. La o(6a0i7aci=0 $1 &0 1i1%$/a a'i$(%o 3&$ o2$(a #$0%(o $ i0%$(ac%a co0 $l a/'i$0%$. -o( 1& 2a(%$ $l $08o3&$ 1i1%$/%ico $0 la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 i0cl&y$ a lo1 i01&/o1 #$l a/'i$0%$ $%$(0o y #$ lo1 1olici%a0%$1 $l 2(oc$1o #$ %(a018o(/aci=0 $l 1i1%$/a #$ co/&0icaci=0 lo1 8ac%o($1 $%$(0o1 la 2(o#&cci=0 y &0a 8o(/a #$ 9ol9$( a #a( $0$(6;a al 1i1%$/a. El 2(oc$1o #$ %(a018o(/aci=0 co01i1%$ $0 la1 8&0cio0$1 6$($0cial$1 3&$ %a/'i>0 2(o2o(cio0a0 $l /a(co 2a(a o(6a0i7a( $l co0oci/i$0%o $0 $l 2($1$0%$ %(a'a@o. -ala'(a1 cla9$: a#/i0i1%(aci=0 $/2($1a1 o(6a0i7acio0$1 6$($0%$1.
ÍNDICE GENERAL
! CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
INTRODUCCIÓN U0a #$ la1 ac%i9i#a#$1 h&/a0a1 /1 i/2o(%a0%$1 $1 la a#/i0i1%(aci=0. D$1#$ 3&$ lo1 1$($1 h&/a0o1 co/$07a(o0 a 8o(/a( 6(&2o1 2a(a alca07a( /$%a1 3&$ 0o 2o#;a0 lo6(a( i0#i9i#&al/$0%$ la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 ha 1i#o $1$0cial 2a(a a1$6&(a( la coo(#i0aci=0 #$ lo1 $18&$(7o1 i0#i9i#&al$1. A#/i0i1%(a( $1 &0a #$ la1 ac%i9i#a#$1 h&/a0a1 /1 i/2o(%a0%$1. D$1#$ 3&$ la1 2$(1o0a1 $/2$7a(o0 a co08o(/a( 6(&2o1 2a(a lo6(a( /$%a1 3&$ 0o 2o#;a0 c&/2li( co/o i0#i9i#&o1 la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 ha 1i#o $1$0cial 2a(a a1$6&(a( la coo(#i0aci=0 #$ lo1 $18&$(7o1 i0#i9i#&al$1. Co08o(/$ la 1oci$#a# ha ll$6a#o a #$2$0#$( ca#a 9$7 /1 #$l $18&$(7o 6(&2al y /&cho1 6(&2o1 o(6a0i7a#o1 1$ hici$(o0 /&y 6(a0#$1 la1 %a($a1 #$ lo1 6$($0%$1 ha0 %o/a#o i/2o(%a0cia. El 2(o2=1i%o #$l 2($1$0%$ %(a'a@o $1 2(o/o9$( la $c$l$0cia $0%($ %o#a1 la1 2$(1o0a1 #$ la1 o(6a0i7acio0$1 $0 $12$cial $0%($ 6$($0%$1 a12i(a0%$1 a 6$($0%$1 y o%(o1 2(o8$1io0al$1. La a#/i0i1%(aci=0 co/o 2(c%ica $1 &0 a(%$ $l co0oci/i$0%o o(6a0i7a#o ac$(ca #$ $1%a /a%$(ia $1 &0a ci$0cia. La $9ol&ci=0 #$ la %$o(;a #$ la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 co/2($0#$ $l #$1a((ollo #$ co0c$2%o1 2(i0ci2io1 y %>c0ica1. La o(6a0i7aci=0 co01%i%&y$ &0 1i1%$/a a'i$(%o 3&$ o2$(a #$0%(o #$l a/'i$0%$ $ i0%$(ac%a co0 $l /i1/o. El $08o3&$ #$ 1i1%$/a1 2a(a la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 i0cl&y$ i01&/o1 ?($c&(1o1 2(o9$0i$0%$1 #$l a/'i$0%$ $%$(0o y #$ #i9$(1o1 #$/a0#a0%$1 $l 2(oc$1o #$ %(a018o(/aci=0 $l 1i1%$/a #$ co/&0icaci=0 lo1 8ac%o($1 $%$(0o1 lo1 ($1&l%a#o1 ?2(o#&c%o1 y &0a 8o(/a #$ ($9i%ali7a( $l 1i1%$/a.
CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
E0 $1%$ %(a'a@o 1$ ($12o0#$(0 i0%$((o6a0%$1 co/o: Q&> $1 la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 C&l$1 1o0 1&1 8&0cio0$1 Q&> ha'ili#a#$1 6$($0cial$1 ($3&i$($ &0a o(6a0i7aci=0 C&l$1 1o0 la1 /$%a1 #$ la1 $/2($1a1 C&l$1 1o0 la1 /$%a1 #$ lo1 6$($0%$1 Q&> ca(ac%$(i7a a la1 co/2a4;a1 $c$l$0%$1 C=/o a8$c%a0 lo1 a9a0c$1 $0 %$c0olo6;a 6lo'ali7aci=0 y $12;(i%& $/2($0#$#o( a lo1 0$6ocio1 C&l$1 1o0 la1 #i8$($0cia1 $0%($ 2(o#&c%i9i#a# $8$c%i9i#a# y $5ci$0cia E1 la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 &0a ci$0cia o &0 a(%$ -o#(;a a2lica(1$ la /i1/a $2licaci=0 a la i06$0i$(;a o co0%a'ili#a# -o( 3&> 1$ ha lla/a#o a F($#$(icH Taylo( $l 2a#($ #$ la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 ci$0%;5ca y a $0(i Fayol $l 2a#($ #$ la %$o(;a #$ la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 /o#$(0a Q&> 1i60i5ca $l co0c$2%o @&06la #$ la %$o(;a #$ la a#/i0i1%(aci=0.
OBJETIVOS
E2lica( la 0a%&(al$7a y $l 2(o2=1i%o #$ la a#/i0i1%(aci=0.
Co/2($0#$( 3&$ la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 1$ a2lica a %o#o %i2o #$ o(6a0i7acio0$1 y a lo1 6$($0%$1 #$ %o#o1 lo1 0i9$l$1 #$ la $1%(&c%&(a o(6a0i7acio0al.
I#$0%i5ca( 3&$ la /$%a #$ %o#o1 lo1 6$($0%$1 $1 c($a( 9alo( a6($6a#o.
R$co0oc$( la1 %$0#$0cia1 $0 la %$c0olo6;a #$ la i08o(/aci=0 y la 6lo'ali7aci=0.
E2lica( lo1 co0c$2%o1 2(o#&c%i9i#a# $5ci$0cia $8$c%i9i#a# y $5cacia.
D$1c(i'i( la $9ol&ci=0 #$ la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 y al6&0a1 co0%(i'&cio0$1 ($ci$0%$1 al 2$01a/i$0%o a#/i0i1%(a%i9o.
D$50i( la1 8&0cio0$1 6$($0cial$1 #$ 2la0$a( o(6a0i7a( i0%$6(a( 2$(1o0al #i(i6i( y co0%(ola(.
ADMINISTRACIÓN: CIENCIA, TEORÍA Y PRÁCTICA 1. Def!"!# $e %& &$'!!()*&"!#: (+ &)+*&%e& - */#(!)/ A#/i0i1%(aci=0 $1 $l 2(oc$1o /$#ia0%$ $l c&al 1$ #i1$4a y /a0%i$0$ &0 a/'i$0%$ $0 $l 3&$ i0#i9i#&o1 3&$ %(a'a@a0 $0 6(&2o1 c&/2l$0 /$%a1 $12$c;5ca1 #$ /a0$(a $5ca7. E1%a #$50ici=0 '1ica 0$c$1i%a a/2lia(1$: *. Co/o 6$($0%$1 la1 2$(1o0a1 ($ali7a0 la1 8&0cio0$1 6$($0cial$1 #$ 2la0$a( o(6a0i7a( i0%$6(a( 2$(1o0al #i(i6i( y co0%(ola(.
CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA !. . . ".
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
La a#/i0i1%(aci=0 1$ a2lica a c&al3&i$( %i2o #$ o(6a0i7aci=0. Ta/'i>0 1$ a#@&#ica a lo1 6$($0%$1 #$ %o#o1 lo1 0i9$l$1 o(6a0i7acio0al$1. La /$%a #$ %o#o1 lo1 6$($0%$1 $1 la /i1/a: c($a( 9alo( a6($6a#o. La a#/i0i1%(aci=0 1$ oc&2a #$ la 2(o#&c%i9i#a# lo 3&$ 1&2o0$ $8$c%i9i#a# y $5ci$0cia y la 1&/a #$ lo1 #o1 2a(a lo6(a( la $5cacia.
$ a3&; al6&0o1 #$ lo1 6$($0%$1 /1 ($co0oci#o1: S%$9$ Jo'1 y 1& 1&c$1o( Ti/ CooH #$ A22l$ Co/2&%$( Ra%a0 Ta%a #$ Ta%a G(o&2 Richa(# B(a01o0 #$ Vi(6i0 Bill Fo(# J(. y 1& 1&c$1o( Ala0 M&lally #$ Fo(# Mo%o( Co/2a0y JacH K$lch y 1& 1&c$1o( J$ I//$l% #$ G$0$(al El$c%(ic Joh0 Cha/'$(1 #$ Ci1co y Bill Ga%$1 y 1& 1&c$1o( S%$9$ Ball/$( #$ Mic(o1o8%. U0o #$ lo1 6$($0%$1 /1 2o#$(o1o1 $1 Ba(acH O'a/a 2($1i#$0%$ #$ E1%a#o1 U0i#o1. El 6o'$(0a#o( #$l $1%a#o #$ Cali8o(0ia J$((y B(o0 y 1& a0%$c$1o( A(0ol# Scha(7$0$66$( 1o0 %a/'i>0 6$($0%$1 y #$ al6&0a 8o(/a lo $1 %a/'i>0 $l 2a2a B$0$#ic%o 0 lo1 6$($0%$1 #$ 0i9$l /$#io y 1&2$(9i1o($1 #$ 2(i/$(a l;0$a co0%(i'&y$0 #$ /a0$(a i/2o(%a0%$ 2a(a lo6(a( la1 /$%a1 #$ 1&1 o(6a0i7acio0$1. To#o1 a#/i0i1%(a0 o(6a0i7acio0$1. S$ #$50$ o(6a0i7aci=0 co/o &0 6(&2o #$ 2$(1o0a1 3&$ %(a'a@a0 $0 co0@&0%o 2a(a c($a( 9alo( a6($6a#o. E0 o(6a0i7acio0$1 l&c(a%i9a1 #icho 9alo( a6($6a#o 1$ %(a#&c$ $0 &%ili#a#$1 $0 o(6a0i7acio0$1 0o l&c(a%i9a1 co/o la1 ca(i%a%i9a1 2&$#$ 1$( la 1a%i18acci=0 #$ 0$c$1i#a#$1. La1 &0i9$(1i#a#$1 %a/'i>0 c($a0 9alo( a6($6a#o /$#ia0%$ la 6$0$(aci=0 y #i8&1i=0 #$l co0oci/i$0%o y la 2($1%aci=0 #$ 1$(9icio1 a la co/&0i#a# o 1oci$#a#.
0. F+"!/e( $e %& &$'!!()*&"!# M&cho1 $1%&#io1o1 y 6$($0%$1 ha0 $0co0%(a#o 3&$ la o(6a0i7aci=0 %il y cla(a #$l co0oci/i$0%o 8acili%a $l a0li1i1 #$ la a#/i0i1%(aci=0. -o( %a0%o al $1%&#ia( a#/i0i1%(aci=0 $1 0$c$1a(io #$16lo1a(la $0 ci0co 8&0cio0$1 6$($0cial$1 ?2la0$a( o(6a0i7a( i0%$6(a( 2$(1o0al #i(i6i( y co0%(ola( al($#$#o( #$ la1 c&al$1 2&$#$ o(6a0i7a(1$ $l co0oci/i$0%o 3&$ la1 1&'yac$. A1; $0 $1%$ li'(o lo1 co0c$2%o1 lo1 2(i0ci2io1 la1 %$o(;a1 y la1 %>c0ica1 a#/i0i1%(a%i9a1 $1%0 a6(&2a#a1 $0 $1%a1 ci0co 8&0cio0$1. E1%$ /a(co 1$ ha &%ili7a#o y 2(o'a#o #&(a0%$ /&cho1 a4o1. A&0 c&a0#o hay 8o(/a1 #i8$($0%$1 #$ o(6a0i7a( $l co0oci/i$0%o 6$($0cial la /ayo(;a #$ lo1 li'(o1 #$ %$%o y a&%o($1 ac%&al$1 ha0 a#o2%a#o $1%$ /a(co i0cl&1o #$12&>1 #$ $2$(i/$0%a( co0 al%$(0a%i9a1 2a(a $1%(&c%&(a( $l co0oci/i$0%o. A&03&$ #$1%aca/o1 la1 %a($a1 6$($0cial$1 ($la%i9a1 al #i1$4o #$ &0 a/'i$0%$ 2a(a $l #$1$/2$4o i0%$(0o #$ &0a o(6a0i7aci=0 ca'$ 1i$/2($ ($co(#a( 3&$ %a/'i>0 #$'$0 o2$(a( $0 $l a/'i$0%$ $%$(0o a >1%a. E1 $9i#$0%$ 3&$ lo1 6$($0%$1 0o 2&$#$0 ($ali7a( 'i$0 1&1 %a($a1 a /$0o1 3&$ co/2($0#a0 y ($12o0#a0 a lo1 /&cho1 $l$/$0%o1 #$l a/'i$0%$ $%$(0o ?8ac%o($1 $co0=/ico1 %$c0ol=6ico1 1ocial$1 $col=6ico1 2ol;%ico1 y >%ico1 3&$ a8$c%a0 1&1 ($a1 #$ o2$(aci=0 /1 a0 hoy /&cha1 o(6a0i7acio0$1 o2$(a0 $0 #i1%i0%o1 2a;1$1 2o( lo 3&$ $1%$ li'(o a#o2%a &0a 2$(12$c%i9a 6lo'al #$ la a#/i0i1%(aci=0.
. L& &$'!!()*&"!# "/'/ e%e'e)/ e(e"!&% &*& "+&%2+!e* /*3&!&"!#
" CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
Lo1 6$($0%$1 1o0 ($12o01a'l$1 #$ ac%&a( #$ /a0$(a 3&$ 2$(/i%a0 a lo1 i0#i9i#&o1 co0%(i'&i( #$ la /$@o( 8o(/a al lo6(o #$ lo1 o'@$%i9o1 #$l 6(&2o. A1; la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 1$ a2lica a o(6a0i7acio0$1 6(a0#$1 y 2$3&$4a1 $/2($1a1 l&c(a%i9a1 y 0o l&c(a%i9a1 y a i0#&1%(ia1 #$ /a0&8ac%&(a y #$ 1$(9icio1. El %>(/i0o $/2($1a 1$ ($5$($ a &0 0$6ocio &0a #$2$0#$0cia 6&'$(0a/$0%al &0 ho12i%al &0a &0i9$(1i#a# o c&al3&i$( o%(o %i2o #$ o(6a0i7aci=0 a1; %o#a1 la1 9$c$1 3&$ $1$ %>(/i0o a2a($7ca $0 $l li'(o 1$ ($8$(i( %a0%o a o(6a0i7acio0$1 l&c(a%i9a1 co/o a 0o l&c(a%i9a1. La a#/i0i1%(aci=0 $5ca7 $1% a ca(6o #$l 2($1i#$0%$ #$ la co(2o(aci=0 $l a#/i0i1%(a#o( #$l ho12i%al $l 1&2$(9i1o( #$ 2(i/$(a l;0$a #$l 6o'i$(0o $l l;#$( #$ lo1 0i4o1 $2lo(a#o($1 $l o'i12o #$ &0a i6l$1ia $l #i($c%o( #$ &0 $3&i2o #$ '>i1'ol y $l 2($1i#$0%$ #$ &0a &0i9$(1i#a#.
4. F+"!/e( &$'!!()*&)!5&( $e %/( $!6e*e)e( !5e%e( /*3&!&"!/&%e( E0 $1%$ %(a'a@o 0o 1$ hac$ &0a #i1%i0ci=0 '1ica $0%($ 6$($0%$1 $@$c&%i9o1 a#/i0i1%(a#o($1 y 1&2$(9i1o($1 &0a 1i%&aci=0 #$%$(/i0a#a 2&$#$ #i8$(i( #$ /a0$(a co01i#$(a'l$ $0%($ lo1 0i9$l$1 #$ &0a o(6a0i7aci=0 o $l %i2o #$ $/2($1a lo1 /'i%o1 #$ a&%o(i#a# y lo1 %i2o1 #$ 2(o'l$/a1 %(a%a#o1 /1 a0 la 2$(1o0a 3&$ #$1$/2$4a &0a 8&0ci=0 6$($0cial 2&$#$ $1%a( #i(i6i$0#o a 2$(1o0a1 #$ lo1 #$2a(%a/$0%o1 #$ 9$0%a1 i06$0i$(;a o 50a07a1 2$(o 1&'1i1%$ $l h$cho #$ 3&$ co/o 6$($0%$1 %o#o1 o'%i$0$0 ($1&l%a#o1 al $1%a'l$c$( &0 a/'i$0%$ 3&$ 2$(/i%a al 6(&2o #$1a((olla(1$ #$ /a0$(a $8$c%i9a. To#o1 lo1 6$($0%$1 ($ali7a0 8&0cio0$1 6$($0cial$1 1i0 $/'a(6o $l %i$/2o #$#ica#o a ca#a 8&0ci=0 2&$#$ 9a(ia(. A co0%i0&aci=0 1$ il&1%(a &0 $08o3&$ #$l %i$/2o ($la%i9o #$#ica#o a ca#a 8&0ci=0. A1; lo1 6$($0%$1 #$ al%o 0i9$l #$#ica0 /1 %i$/2o a 2la0$a( y o(6a0i7a( 3&$ lo1 #$ /$0o( 0i9$l #i(i6i( 2o( o%(a 2a(%$ oc&2a /1 %i$/2o #$ lo1 1&2$(9i1o($1 #$ 2(i/$(a l;0$a. La #i8$($0cia $0 $l %i$/2o #$#ica#o a co0%(ola( 9a(;a &0 2oco 2a(a lo1 6$($0%$1 #$ lo1 #i9$(1o1 0i9$l$1.
7. 8&9!%!$&$e( 3e*e"!&%e( - e*&*2+;& /*3&!&"!/&% Ro'$(% L. a%7 i#$0%i5c= %($1 %i2o1 #$ ha'ili#a#$1 #$ lo1 a#/i0i1%(a#o($1 a la1 3&$ 2&$#$ a6($6a(1$ &0a c&a(%a: la #$ #i1$4a( 1ol&cio0$1. La i/2o(%a0cia ($la%i9a #$ $1%a1 ha'ili#a#$1 2&$#$ 1$( #i1%i0%a $0 lo1 #i8$($0%$1 0i9$l$1 #$ la @$(a(3&;a o(6a0i7acio0al. La1 ha'ili#a#$1 %>c0ica1 1o0 #$ /i/a i/2o(%a0cia 2a(a lo1 1&2$(9i1o($1 2o( 1& 2a(%$ la1 ha'ili#a#$1 h&/a0a1 1o0 %il$1 $0 la1 i0%$(accio0$1 8($c&$0%$1 co0 1&'o(#i0a#o1 a 1& 9$7 la1 ha'ili#a#$1 co0c$2%&al$1 y #$ #i1$4o ca1i 0&0ca 1o0 #$ci1i9a1 2a(a $1%o1 l%i/o1. La1
+ CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
ha'ili#a#$1 %>c0ica1 1o0 /$0o1 0$c$1a(ia1 $0 lo1 /a0#o1 /$#io1 la1 h&/a0a1 1o0 a0 $1$0cial$1 y la1 co0c$2%&al$1 1o0 /1 i/2o(%a0%$1. E0 la al%a 6$($0cia la1 ha'ili#a#$1 co0c$2%&al$1 #$ #i1$4o y h&/a0a1 1o0 $12$cial/$0%$ 9alio1a1 /i$0%(a1 3&$ la1 %>c0ica1 1o0 ($la%i9a/$0%$ 2oco 0$c$1a(ia1. S$ 1&2o0$ 1o'($ %o#o $0 co/2a4;a1 6(a0#$1 3&$ lo1 #i($c%o($1 $@$c&%i9o1 2&$#$0 &%ili7a( la1 ha'ili#a#$1 %>c0ica1 #$ 1&1 1&'o(#i0a#o1 1i0 $/'a(6o $0 $/2($1a1 /1 chica1 la $2$(i$0cia %>c0ica $1 la /1 i/2o(%a0%$.
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CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
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CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
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CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
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ADMINISTRACIÓN:
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** CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
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*! CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
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* CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
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* CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA
14.
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
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*" CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
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*+ CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
Al6&0o1 #$ lo1 /$#io1 #$ co0%(ol co/o $l 2($1&2&$1%o #$ 6a1%o1 lo1 ($6i1%(o1 #$ i012$cci=0 y $l ($6i1%(o #$ ho(a1 #$ %(a'a@o 2$(#i#a1 1o0 'a1%a0%$ co0oci#o1 ca#a &0o #$ $1%o1 ;0#ic$1 /&$1%(a 1i lo1 2la0$1 8&0cio0a0 y 1i la1 #$19iacio0$1 2$(1i1%$0 #$'$0 %o/a(1$ /$#i#a1 co(($c%i9a1 2o( 1&2&$1%o 3&$ >1%a1 #$'$0 ll$9a(1$ a ca'o 2o( 2$(1o0a1 #$ la o(6a0i7aci=0 2$(o 3&> #$'$ co(($6i(1$ Na#a 2&$#$ hac$(1$ 2o( $@$/2lo 2a(a ($#&ci( lo1 1o'(a0%$1 o co/2(a( 1$60 la1 $12$ci5cacio0$1 o 6$1%io0a( la1 #$9ol&cio0$1 #$ 9$0%a1 a /$0o1 3&$ al6&i$0 1$2a 3&i>0 $1 $l ($12o01a'l$ #$ $1a1 8&0cio0$1. A1$6&(a(1$ #$ 3&$ lo1 h$cho1 1$ co08o(/$0 a lo1 2la0$1 1i60i5ca locali7a( a la1 2$(1o0a1 ($12o01a'l$1 #$ lo1 ($1&l%a#o1 3&$ #i5$($0 #$ la acci=0 2la0$a#a y l&$6o #a( lo1 2a1o1 0$c$1a(io1 2a(a /$@o(a( $l #$1$/2$4o. A1; lo1 ($1&l%a#o1 1$ co0%(ola0 al ll$9a( &0 ($6i1%(o #$ lo 3&$ la1 2$(1o0a1 hac$0. CONCLUSIONES
La a#/i0i1%(aci=0 $1 $l 2(oc$1o /$#ia0%$ $l c&al 1$ #i1$4a y /a0%i$0$ &0 a/'i$0%$ $0 $l 3&$ i0#i9i#&o1 3&$ %(a'a@a0 $0 6(&2o1 c&/2l$0 /$%a1 $12$c;5ca1 #$ /a0$(a $5ca7.
La a#/i0i1%(aci=0 1$ a2lica a %o#o %i2o #$ o(6a0i7acio0$1. Lo1 6$($0%$1 8o(/a0 2a(%$ #$ %o#o1 lo1 0i9$l$1 $0 la $1%(&c%&(a o(6a0i7acio0al. Ei1%$0 a#/i0i1%(a#o($1 #$ al%o 0i9$l #$ 0i9$l i0%$(/$#io y #$ 2(i/$(a l;0$a. To#o1 c&/2l$0 8&0cio0$1 #$ 2la0$aci=0 o(6a0i7aci=0 #i($cci=0 y co0%(ol $0 #i1%i0%a1 @$(a(3&;a1.
E0 %o#o %i2o #$ o(6a0i7acio0$1 l&c(a%i9a1 o 0o la /$%a l=6ica y 2'lica/$0%$ #$1$a'l$ #$ %o#o1 lo1 6$($0%$1 #$'$ 1$( $l 9alo( a6($6a#o. A1; lo1 6$($0%$1 $1%a'l$c$0 &0 a/'i$0%$ $0 $l 3&$ la1 2$(1o0a1 2&$#$0 lo6(a( la1 /$%a1 #$l 6(&2o co0 la /$0o( ca0%i#a# #$ %i$/2o #i0$(o /a%$(ial$1 $ i01a%i18acci=0 2$(1o0al o $0 $l 3&$ 2&$#a0 lo6(a( c&a0%o 1$a 2o1i'l$ #$ &0a /$%a #$1$a#a co0 lo1 ($c&(1o1 #i12o0i'l$1.
-a(a %$0$( >i%o la1 co/2a4;a1 #$'$0 a2(o9$cha( la 0&$9a %$c0olo6;a #$ la i08o(/aci=0 ?co/$(cio /=9il /$#io1 #$ co/&0icaci=0 1ocial y $l c($ci$0%$ &1o #$ i08(a$1%(&c%&(a1 #$ TI y la 6lo'ali7aci=0 ?co(2o(acio0$1 co/2$%i%i9a1 3&$ ll$9a0 lo1 '$0$5cio1 #$ la i00o9aci=0 a lo1 2a;1$1.
U0a /$%a 6$($0cial i/2o(%a0%$ $1 $l$9a( la 2(o#&c%i9i#a#. E1%o 1$ lo6(a /$#ia0%$ la $5ci$0cia y la $5cacia $0 $l #$1$/2$4o i0#i9i#&al y o(6a0i7acio0al. E1 #$ci( $l lo6(o #$ o'@$%i9o1 co0 $l &1o /;0i/o #$ ($c&(1o1.
La 9a(i$#a# #$ $08o3&$1 $0 $l a0li1i1 #$ la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 la ca0%i#a# #$ i09$1%i6aci=0 y $l 6(a0 0/$(o #$ 2&0%o1 #$ 9i1%a #i9$(6$0%$1 ha0 6$0$(a#o /&cha co08&1i=0 $0 c&a0%o a 3&> $1 la a#/i0i1%(aci=0 3&> $1 la %$o(;a y 3&> $1 la ci$0cia y c=/o #$'$0 a0ali7a(1$ lo1 1&c$1o1 6$($0cial$1.
* CIENCIA TEOR,A Y -RCTICA
ADMINISTRACIÓN:
La1 8&0cio0$1 6$($0cial$1 2(o2o(cio0a0 &0a $1%(&c%&(a %il 2a(a o(6a0i7a( $l co0oci/i$0%o a#/i0i1%(a%i9o. U0 6$($0%$ #$'$ 2la0$a( ?$l$6i( /i1io0$1 y o'@$%i9o1 y la1 accio0$1 2a(a lo6(a(lo1 o(6a0i7a( ?$1%(&c%&(a( a &0 6(&2o #$ 2$(1o0a1 1$60 la1 8&0cio0$1 $1%a'l$ci#a1 i0%$6(a( 2$(1o0al ?c&'(i( y /a0%$0$( c&'i$(%o1 lo1 2&$1%o1 #$ la $1%(&c%&(a o(6a0i7acio0al #i(i6i( ?i0&i( $0 la1 2$(1o0a1 2a(a 3&$ co0%(i'&ya0 a la1 /$%a1 o(6a0i7acio0al y #$ 6(&2o y co0%(ola( ?/$#i( y co(($6i( $l #$1$/2$4o i0#i9i#&al y o(6a0i7acio0al 2a(a a1$6&(a( 3&$ lo1 h$cho1 1$ co08o(/$0 a lo1 2la0$1. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
Maho0$y Tho/a1 A. J$(#$$ Tho/a1 . y Ca((oll S%$2h$0 J. ?*+". Th$ Jo'?1 o8 Ma0a6$/$0%P. I0#&1%(ial R$la%io01. 22. **).
a%7 Ro'$(% L. ?*"". SHill1 o8 a0 E$c%i9$ A#/i0i1%(a%o(P. a(9a(# B&1i0$11 R$9i$. 22. !.
a%7 Ro'$(% L. ?*. R$%(o12$c%i9$ Co//$0%a(yP. a(9a(# B&1i0$11 R$9i$. 22. *)**)!.
A(6y($1 Nichola1 y McGaha0 A0i%a M. ?!))! A0 I0%$(9i$ i%h Micha$l -o(%$(P. Aca#$/y o8 Ma0a6$/$0% E$c&%i9$. 2. .
-$%$( Tho/a1 J. y Ka%$(/a0 J(. Ro'$(% . ?*!. I0 S$a(ch o8 Ec$ll$0c$ N&$9a Yo(H: a(2$( Z Ro.
?!)). Th$ B$1% Ma0a6$(1P. B&1i0$11 K$$H. 22. )[*.
D(&cH$( -$%$( F. ?*. Ma0a6$/$0%: Ta1H1 R$12o01i'ili%i$1 -(ac%ic$1 N&$9a Yo(H: a(2$( Z Ro. 2. +.
K$i11 K.. ?!)). Th$ Sci$0c$ a0# A(% o8 Ma0a6i06P. N&$9a Yo(H: McG(aill. 22. *+*.
