MIZOÔN HOJÄBIJN II _BIMDM 74 Ibk. Eosõs Jcdbjdtuhd Cudhäb OWIH ‚ _BZDDJ 174; ‚ I
JNB]OBIMN •
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Obkrdbos rojtns Obkrdbos cofijnimdfos Obkrdbos Obkrdbos júbijns j úbijns
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ • •
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Mo`ibijinbos Zirvob pdrd trdbshitir tnrquo y vofnjimdm dbkufdr. Os of tipn häs sihpfo mo obkrdbo y ostä misoôdmn pdrd npordr jnb oeos pdrdfofns y jnb miobtos pdrdfofns d fds fèbods mo jobtrn mo fns oeos. Os adrdtn porn ruimnsn pnr fd `nrhd mo jnbtdjtn obtro miobtos.
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
Foy `ubmdhobtdf mof obkrdbo
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Qofdjiúb mo trdbshisiúb hk 8
hk 8
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QWHufnr QWHnbun
Bôúb Bobkrbo
8
Uobkrbo Uôúb
Wdrd Wdrd ub pdr mo m o obkrdbos hk ≭ 47
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
Bnhobjfdturd
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
Konhotrèd mo obkrdbos rojtns
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
Húmufn (hh) y pdsn midhotrdf (pfk-4) h8
W8
m U U m
hW 8 1?.=
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ Wdsns midhotrdfos rojnhobmdmns
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
Wntobjid trdbshitimd trdbshitimd jnhn j nhn `ubjiúb mo fd vofnjimdm vofnjimdm mof piôúb y of pdsn midhotrdf midhotrdf (pitjc)
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
Mistdbjid jobtrdf, pdsn jirjufdr y äbkufn mo prosiúb j 8 7.? m + mk p 8
χm U
∏ 8 4=.? 4=.?·, ·, 17·, 17·, 1?· 1?·
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
@úrhufds pdrd jdaozd, rdèz y cnfkurd (dbkufn mo prosiúb 17· y miobtos mo prn`ubmimdm jnhpfotd)
j8 a∑d
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
Oxprosinbos morivdmds
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
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Jèrjufns mo pdsn y mo adso Fèbod mo djjiúb y äbkufn mo prosiúb
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
@úrhufds mo rdmins mo adso
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Wdsn adso
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
Qdzúb mo jnbtdjtn
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
Osposnr mof miobto (t c) y euokn (adjlfdsc af)
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
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Ibtor`orobjid
l 8 4< pdrd miobtos mo prn`ubmimdm prn`ubmimdm jnhpfotd l 8 7.3< pdrd miobtos jnrtns jnrtns
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
Bõhorns pro`orimns pdrd ovitdr ibtor`orobjid
WQNAFOHD 74 _b obkrdbo jnb =7 miobtos, ub piôúb jnb 40 miobtos, ub pdsn midhotrdf mo 1 y ub äbkufn mo prosiúb jnhorjidf. d) Motorhibo of pdsn jirjufdr, fd mistdbjid jobtrdf y of miähotrn adso pdrd of pdr mo obkrdbos a) Zi fd mistdbjid jobtrdf so ibjrohobto 7.1?pfk, objuobtro fns miähotrns mo pdsn pdrd of pdr mo obkrdbos y of äbkufn mo prosiúb
WQNAFOHD 71 _bd jded mo vofnjimdmos so npord jnb djoito huy sujin kobordbmn ubd dftd tdsd mo moskdsto. Wdrd jnhpobsdr ostn so puomo cdjor ub deusto mishibuyobmn fd mistdbjid nrikibdf mof oeo, fd judf os mo 40pfk. Fd jded tiobo ub piôúb mo 11 miobtos y ub obkrdbo jnb ;= miobtos y so hnbtú sib euokn judbmn ord buovd, mospués mo ub dôn of euokn os mo 7.4pfk. Jdfjufo juäbtn so moaorä mishibuir fd mistdbjid jobtrdf pdrd natobor ub euokn ikudf d jorn y pdrd natobor of hèbihn euokn rojnhobmdmn.
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ Dbäfisis mo `uorzds
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
@úrhufds mo pntobjid
WQNAFOHD 7: Fd `ikurd huostrd ub pdr mo obkrdbos rojtns hnbtdmns ob ub oeo jnb ub pdsn midhotrdf mo ? miobtos/pufk y ub piôúb mo 17· y 43 miobtos quo ihpufsd ub obkrdbo mo =? miobtos. Fd pntobjid mo obtrdmd os mo :1 CW jnhn häxihn d 4377 rph. Objuobtro fd mirojjiúb y fd hdkbitum mo fds `uorzds häxihds quo djtõdb snaro fns jneibotos D, A, J y M.
JDW I5 OBKQDBOZ QOJ]NZ •
Jdfimdm mof obkrdbo
Ojudjinbos mof os`uorzn DKHD •
@djtnr mo Fowis
Ojudjinbos mof os`uorzn DKHD •
Pédso of cofijnimdfos.
prnjomihiobtn
pdrd
obkrdbos
WQNAFOHD 7= _b romujtnr mo vofnjimdm tiobo miobtos mo dfturd jnhpfotd d 17· y of obkrdbdeo obkrdbdeo mo obkrdbos obkrdbos rojtns rojtns mo romujjiúb romujjiúb sobjiffd sobjiffd tiobo 11 y 07 miobtos. Of pdsn midhotrdf os mo = y of dbjcn mo fd jdrd os mo : ¶pfk. Fd vofnjimdm mof oeo mof piôúb os mo 44=? rph. Fd hotd mo vimd mo ? dôns, sorvijin mo 1= crs/mèd (dprnx. d : x 479 rovnfujinbos mof piôúb). Of bõhorn mof bivof mo projisiúb mo fd trdbshisiúb os 0. Fns hdtoridfos snb djorns =:=7 obmurojimns jnhpfotdhobto krdmn 4, trdtdmns térhijdhobto pdrd natobor ubd murozd 1?7 Ariboff, ob of bõjfon y fd supor`ijio mo dhans obkrdbos. Fd jdrkd os pnr ihpdjtn hnmordmn y fd trdbshisiúb mo fd pntobjid os ubi`nrho. Wdrd ubd jnb`idaifimdm mo 7.99 y jno`ijiobto ofästijn mo 1:77 psi, so pimo5 Jdfjufdr fd pntobjid bnhibdf mof romujtnr mo vofnjimdm. Zi utifizdhns of romujtnr ob ubd dpfijdjiúb quo roquioro =7 CW d 44=? rph, motorhibdr fns `djtnros mo sokurimdm DKHD ob of piôúb. •
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JDW II5 OBKQDBOZ COFIJNIMDFOZ
MO@IBIJINBOZ •
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Znb huy sihifdros d fns obkrdbos rojtns. Zus miobtos ostäb ibjfibdmns ob ub äbkufn mo céfijo σ, ob rofdjiúb jnb of oeo mo rntdjiúb.
POB]]DEDZ Y MOZPOB POB MOZPOB]]DEDZ ]IWN MO OBKQ OBKQDBO DBO
POB]DEDZ POB] DEDZ
MOZPOB] MOZPO B]DEDZ DEDZ
QOJ]NZ (ZW_Q)
Os häs ojnbúhijn Os sihpfo pdrd misoôdr Bn cdy jdrkd mo ohpueo Hujcds npjinbos mo hdbu`djturd
Huy ruimnsns d dftds vofnjimdmos Fihitdmns d vofnjimdmos mo pdsn hobnros d 17h/sok (=777pios/hib)
COFIJNIMDFOZ (COFIJDF)
Ohpfodmn ob dftds vofnjimdmos y pntobjids Hobns ruimnsns d dftds vofnjimdmos
Kobord jdrkds mo ohpueo Znb hds jdrns quo fns obkrdbos rojtns
JNB@IK_QDJIÚB MO OEOZ
JDQKD MO OHW_EO (OEOZ WDQDFOFNZ)
JDQKD MO OHW_EO (OEOZ JQ_UDMNZ)
KONHO]QÈD MOF OBKQDBO COFIJNIM COFIJNIMDF DF
KONHO]QÈD MOF OBKQDBO COFIJNIM COFIJNIMDF DF •
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Of pdsn jirjufdr (p) so mobnhibd pdrd osto jdsn «pdsn jirjufdr trdbsvorsdf. Dsihishn, Ó so mobnhibd äbkufn mo prosiúb trdbsvorsdf. Of äbkufn mo fd céfijo vdrèd vdrèd obtro 4?· - :7·. Wdsn bnrhdf (pb) y pdsn dxidf (p d)5
KONHO]QÈD MOF OBKQDBO COFIJNIM COFIJNIMDF DF •
Wdsn midhotrdf bnrhdf
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Dbkufn mo prosiúb bnrhdf
QDUNB MO JNB]DJ]N •
Fd rdzúb mo cofijnimdfos5
jnbtdjtn
tntdf
ob
obkrdbos
DBÄFIZIZ MO @_OQUDZ
WQNAFOHD 7? Fd `ikurd huostrd ub pdr mo obkrdbos rojtns hnbtdmns ob ub oeo jnb ub pdsn midhotrdf mo ? miobtos/pufk y ub piôúb mo 17· y 43 miobtos quo ihpufsd ub obkrdbo mo =? miobtos. Fd pntobjid mo obtrdmd os mo :1 CW jnhn häxihn d 4 377 rph. Objuobtro fd mirojjiúb y fd hdkbitum mo fds `uorzds häxihds quo djtõdb snaro fns jneibotos D, A, J y M.
WQNAFOHD 7?
OJ_DJINBOZ MOF OZ@_OQUN DKHD •
Zo dpfijd of hishn prnjomihiobtn quo cohns dprobmimn pdrd of misoôn mo obkrdbos rojtns.
OJ_DJINBOZ MO QOZIZ]OBJID
OJ_DJINBOZ MO QOZIZ]OBJID
OJ_DJINBOZ MO QOZIZ]OBJID
OJ_DJINBOZ MO QOZIZ]OBJID
@DJ] DJ]NQOZ NQOZ KONHÉ]QIJNZ KONHÉ]QIJNZ I Y E
@DJ]NQOZ KONHÉ]QIJNZ I Y E
@DJ] DJ]NQOZ NQOZ KONHÉ]QIJNZ KONHÉ]QIJNZ I Y E
JNO@IJIOB]O OFÄZ]IJN Jp
@DJ]NQ MIBÄHIJN Lv
@DJ]NQ MIBÄHIJN Lv
@DJ]NQ MO ZNAQOJDQKD Ln
@DJ]NQOZ MO FD JNBMIJIÚB Z_WOQ@IJIDF J` (UQ) •
Fds jnbmijinbos supor`ijidfos ostäbmdr mo miobtos mo obkrdbos dõb bn so cdb ostdafojimn. Judbmn so tobkd of jnbnjihiobtn mo quo oxisto ub o`ojtn poreumijidf ob of djdadmn supor`ijidf, DKHD sukioro pdrd osns jdsns ub vdfnr mo J` hdynr quo fd ubimdm.
@DJ]NQ MO ]DHDÔN Ls •
Zi Ls os hobnr quo 4, so ohpfod Ls 8 4.
@DJ]NQ MO MIZ]QIA_JIÚB MO FD JDQKD Lh (L C)
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Zi
@DJ]NQ MO MIZ]QIA_JIÚB MO FD JDQKD Lh (L C)
@DJ]NQ MO MIZ]QIA_JIÚB MO FD JDQKD Lh (L C)
@DJ]NQ MO MIZ]QIA_JIÚB MO FD JDQKD Lh (L C)
@DJ]NQ MO QOFDJIÚB MO FD M_QOUD J C
@DJ]NQOZ MO FNZ JIJFNZ JIJFNZ MO OZ@_OQUNZ YB y UB
@DJ]NQOZ MO FNZ JIJFNZ JIJFNZ MO OZ@_OQUNZ YB y UB
@DJ] DJ]NQ NQ MO JNB@IDAI JNB@IDAIFIMDM FIMDM LQ (YU)
@DJ]NQ MO ]OHWOQD]_QD L] (Yγ) •
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Wdrd tohpordturds mof djoito n mof misjn mof obkrdbo cdstd mo 1?7·@ (417·J), so ohpfod L ] 8 Y γ 8 4.7. Judbmn fds tohpordturds snb häs dftds, ostns `djtnros moaob sor hdynros quo fd ubimdm. Zo puomob utifizdr ibtorjdhaidmnros mo jdfnr pdrd dsokurdr quo fds tohpordturds mo npordjiúb sodb jnbsimordafohobto hobnros quo osto vdfnr, puostn quo offn os jnbvobiobto pdrd of fuarijdbto.
@DJ] DJ]NQ NQ MO OZWOZNQ MOF DQN DQN LA
@DJ]NQOZ MO ZOK_QIMDM Z@ y ZC
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Oxpnbobto 1 pdrd jnbtdjtn fibodf n cofijnimdf, n ub oxpnbobto mo : pdrd miobtos jnrnbdmns (jnbtdjtn os`érijn).
@FOSIÚB MO OBKQDBOZ
MOZKDZ]O MO OBKQDBOZ
MIZOÔN MO _B DJNWFDHIOB]N MO OBKQDBOZ
MIZOÔN MO _B DJNWFDHIOB]N MO OBKQDBOZ •
Wrihorn so sofojjinbd ub pdsn midhotrdf mo pruoad.
MIZOÔN MO _B DJNWFDHIOB]N MO OBKQDBOZ
WQNAFOHD 70 _bd turaibd kird d 3777 rph y djjinbd d ub kobordmnr mo 1?7 L[ d 4777 rph pnr homin mo ubd jded romujtnrd mo obkrdbos cofijnimdfos. Zo pimo jdfjufdr5 d) Fds mihobsinbos mof obkrdbo y fds jdrkds quo djtõdb ob fns miobtos a) Fds jdpdjimdmos mo jdrkd sokõb DKHD
WQNAFOHD 70
Jnbsimordr5 •
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8 :7· Up 8 :? W 8 47 m/pfk
JDW III5 OBKQDBOZ JÚBIJNZ
MO@IBIJINBOZ •
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Zus oeos bn snb pdrdfofns y so ibtorsojdb ob fns vértijos mo fns jnbns jnibjimobtos. Of äbkufn obtro sus oeos puomo sor mo judfquior vdfnr, porn jnb `rojuobjid os mo 97·
OBKQDBOZ JNBIJNZ QOJ]NZ •
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Huy dpfijdmns pdrd adeds vofnjimdmos (cdstd 4777 pios/hib, vofnjimdm vofnjimdm mo pdsn) Df ikudf quo ob obkrdbos rojtns y cofijnimdfos so rojnhiobmd ubd romujjiúb häxihd mo 47 d 4 (74 otdpd). Dmohäs mo ub ibjrohobtn ibjrohobtn häxihn mo ? d 4.
OBKQDBOZ JNBIJNZ OZWIQDF •
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Fns ospirdfos snb fn õftihn ob `ubjinbdhiobtn sudvo y sifobjinsn. Zo rojnhiobmdb pdrd vofnjimdmos vofnjimdmos mo cdstd 3 777 pios/hib (=7 h/sok)
POB]]DEDZ Y MOZPOB POB MOZPOB]]DEDZ ]IWN MO OBKQDBO
POB]DEDZ POB] DEDZ
MOZPOB]DEDZ MOZPOB] DEDZ
QOJ]NZ (ZW_Q)
Os häs ojnbúhijn Os sihpfo pdrd misoôdr Bn cdy jdrkd mo ohpueo Hujcds npjinbos mo hdbu`djturd
Huy ruimnsns d dftds vofnjimdmos Fihitdmns d vofnjimdmos mo pdsn hobnros d 17h/sok (=777pios/hib)
COFIJNIMDFOZ (COFIJDF)
Ohpfodmn ob dftds vofnjimdmos y pntobjids Hobns ruimnsns d dftds vofnjimdmos
Kobord jdrkds mo ohpueo Znb hds jdrns quo fns obkrdbos rojtns
JNBIJNZ (AOPOF)
Dftd o`ijiobjid (93%) ]rdbshito pntobjid obtro oeos quo bn so ibtorsojdb Obkrdbos júbijns ospirdf trdbshito fd jdrkd ubi`nrhohobto Znb sifobjinsns
Fd dfibodjiúb mof oeo os jrètijd, so utifizdb hdynrhobto hdynrhobto jneibotos jnb ofohobtns rnmdbtos Znb fns häs jdrns
KONHO]QÈD KONHO ]QÈD MOF OBKQDBO JÚBIJN
DBDFIZIZ MO @_OQUDZ
WQNAFOHD 7; Of piôúb júbijn kird ob sobtimn cnrdrin d 907 rph y trdbshito ?l[ df obkrdbdeo. Fds mistdbjids mo hnbtdeo, fd uaijdjiúb mo fns jneibotos y fns miähotrns mo pdsn mof pdr mo obkrdbos snb hnstrdmns ob fd `ikurd. Fns jneibotos D y J dasnraob fd jdrkd mo ohpueo. Zo pimo jdfjufdr fds rodjjinbos mo fns jneibotos ob of oeo mof obkrdbdeo y ob of oeo mof piôúb.
WQNAFOHD 7;
@DJ]NQOZ MO FD OJ_DJIÚB DKHD •
Fns `djtnros y pnstorinros jäfjufns ostäb adsdmns ob fd bnrhd DBZI/DKHD 177:-A9;.
@DJ]NQ MO ZNAQOJDQKD Ln (L D)
@DJ]NQ MIBÄHIJN Lv
@DJ]NQ MIBÄHIJN Lv
@DJ]NQ MO ]DHDÔN WNQ QOZIZ]OBJID D WIJDM_QD Js (Ux)
@DJ]NQ MO ]DHDÔN WNQ @FOSIÚB Ls (Yx)
@DJ]NQ MO MIZ]QIA_JIÚB MO JDQKD Lh (L C α)
@DJ]NQ MO JNQNBDHIOB]N WNQ WIJDM_QD Jxj ( Uxj Uxj )
@DJ]NQ MO J_QPD]_QD OB OF ZOB]IMN FNBKI]_MIBDF MO QOZIZ]OBJID D FD @FOSIÚB Lx (Yα)
@DJ]NQ MO KONHO]QÈD MO QOZIZ]OBJID D FD WIJDM_QD I (UI)
@DJ]NQ MO KONHO]QÈD MO QOZIZ]OBJID QOZIZ]OBJID D FD @FOSIÚB E (YE)
@DJ]NQ MO JIJFNZ MO OZ@_OQUN MO QOZIZ]OBJID QOZIZ]OBJ ID D FD WIJDM_QD JF (UB])
@DJ]NQ MO JIJFNZ MO OZ@_OQUN MO QOZIZ]OBJID D FD WIJDM_QD JF (UB])
@DJ]NQ MO JIJFNZ MO OZ@_OQUN MO QOZIZ]OBJID QOZIZ]OBJ ID D FD @FOSIÚB LF (YB])
@DJ]NQ MO JIJFNZ MO OZ@_OQUN MO QOZIZ]OBJID D FD @FOSIÚB LF (YB])
@DJ]NQ MO QOFDJIÚB MO M_QOUD J C (U[)
@DJ]NQOZ MO JNB@IDAIFIMDM J Q (UU) y LQ (YU)
JNO@IJIOB]O OFÄZ]IJN MO QOZIZ]OBJID D WIJDM_QD Jp (UO)
OZ@_OQUN MO JNB] JNB]DJ]N DJ]N WOQHIZIAFO WOQHIZIAFO
BÕHOQNZ MO OZ@_OQUN MO @FOSIÚB WOQHIZIAFO
MOZKDZ]O MO OBKQDBO JÚBIJN QOJ]N
@FOSIÚB MO OBKQDBO JÚBIJN QOJ]N
MIZOÔN MO _B DJNWFDHIOB] DJNWFDHIOB]N N MO OBKQDBOZ JÚBIJNZ QOJ] QOJ]NZ NZ
WQNAFOHD 73 _b pdr mo obkrdbos jnbijns rojtns cdb simn misoôdmns pdrd trdbshitir 0 L[ d ;?7 rph, of äbkufn obtro oeos os mo 97·, fd rofdjiúb mo trdbshisiúb trdbshisiúb os 1.?, fd häquibd prihdrid os ub hntnr oféjtrijn y fd häquibd ihpufsdmd ostä jnbojtdmd d ubd `ded mo trdbshisiúb. trdbshisiúb.
@IB MO FD _BIMDM
