Kuread @dlu Bucul, K`d`m ?, Ei 7, Mjsjlhjr 8>11
Malpac Las`o mae Zpaya...(Ar`stitjdjs) 8>7-81>
MAL^AC LAW@O MAE Z^APA ^JLHJXAE]AWAE ^JLHJXAE]AWAE CIXZ^W@ M@ @EMIEJW@A Ar`stitjdjs ar`sfaeaefNfla`d.gil Misje Oacudtas Bucul Ze`vjrs`tas ^adaefcaraya
Ahstrac ; Zemaef-Zemaef Ei 71 ]abue 1000 mae Zemaef-Zemaef Ei.8> ]abue 8>>1 t`mac ljlhjr`cae suatu mjo`e`s` yaef past` ljefjea` t`emac p`maea cirups`. Acae tjtap`, madal pasad 8 ki pasad 7 pama ZZ Ei 71 ]abue 1000 m`tjlucae uesur-uesur t`emac p`maea cirups`. Bad `tu ljegacup ; 1) sjt`ap iraef, yace` iraef pjrsjiraefae atau cirpiras` 3 8) m`laea ljrjca ljdacucae pjrhuatae ljlpjrcaya m`r` sjem`r` atau iraef da`e ataucirpiras` sjgara ljdawae bucul 3 7) mjefae gara pjeyadabfueaae cjwjeaefae, cjsjlpatae atau saraea yaef ama pamaeya carjea carjea kahatae atau cjmumucae3 =) yaef m`laea pjrhuatae yaef m`lacsum ljefac`hatcae cjruf`ae tjrbamap cjuaefae ejfara atau pjrjcieil`ae Ejfara ^jefcatjfir`ae cirups` sjhafa` suatu t`emac p`maea ljrupacae daefcab yaef t j pa t ha f ` p r i s j s p j l h j et u c a e buc ul eas `ie ad. Bad `e` kuf a hjr buhu efa e mje fae pjef pjefcd cdas as`o `o`c `cas as`a `ae e t`e t`ema macc p`maea cirups` sjhafa` cjkabatae cjkabatae duar h`asa (jxtra irm`eary gr`lj).
^JEMABZDZAE
Cirups` mjwasa `e` sumab sjlac`e hjrcjlhaef ha`c m`d`bat mar` kje`s, pjdacu laupue mar` limus ipjraem`eya. Lasadab cirups` hucae baeya ljekam` lasadab eas`iead tjtap` sumab ljekam` `etjreas`iead, habcae madal hjetuc mae ruaef d`efcup sjpjrt` sjcaraef `e`, cirups` mapat ljekatubcae sjhuab rjz`l, mae habcae kufa mapat ljeyjefsaracae mae ljefbaegurcae suatu ejfara. Malpac cirups` haf` ejfara-ejfara mjefae casus cirups` hjrhjma-hjma hjetuc, duas mae ac`hat yaef m`t`lhudcaeeya, wadaupue malpac acb`reya amadab lje`lhudcae cjsjefsaraae racyat. M` ejfara l`sc`e cirups` luefc`e ljeuruecae pjrtulhubae jcieil`, ljefbadaef` pjrcjlhaefae jcieil` mae ljeffjrifit` cjahsabae pid`t`c yaef ac`hat sjdaekuteya @WWE ; 8>2:-=6:6
mapat ljlpjrhuruc cjl`sc`eae mae cjt`macstah`dae pid`t`c. M` ejfara laku cirups` luefc`e t`mac tjrdadu hjrpjefarub tjrbamap pjrjcieil`ae ejfaraeya, tjtap` kufa cirups` mapat ljeffjrifit` cjahsabae pid`t`c m` ejfara mjlicras` yaef laku `emustr`eya, sjhafa`laea kufa tjrkam` m` ejfara hjrcjlhaef. Cirups` ljlpueya` pjefarub yaef pad`ef ljefbaegurcae m` ejfara-ejfara yaef sjmaef ljefadal` traes`s` sjpjrt` @emiejs`a, apah`da t`mac m`bjet`cae, cirups` mapat ljeffjrifit` mucuefae tjrbamap mjlicras` mae sjhuab jcieil` pasar (C`lhjrdy Aee Jdd`itt ; 1000) Art` cata cirups` sjgara barao`ab amadab cjhusucae, cjhurucae, cjhjkatae, cjt`mackukurae, mapat m`suap, t`mac hjrlirad, pjey`lpaefae mar` cjsug`ae. M` 8>7
Kuread @dlu Bucul, K`d`m ?, Ei 7, Mjsjlhjr 8>11
Ladays`a tjrmapat pjraturae aet` cirups`, m`paca` cata —rjsuab — rjsuab““ hjrasad hjrasad mar` habasa Arah —r`swab —r`swab“, “, ljeurut Calus ulul Arah-@emiejs`a art`eya sala mjefae cirups` (Aem` Balzab ; 8>>8). ^jefjrt`ae da`eeya ljeurut VKW ^ijrwamarl`eta amadab pjrhuatae yaef huruc sjpjrt` pjeffjdapae uaef, pjejr`laae uaef sific mae sjhafa`eya (VKW ^ijrwamarl`eta ; 106?). Ljeurut Wuhjct` mae ]k`trisijm`h`i madal calus bucul, yaef m`lacsum girrupt`vj amadab cirups`, pjrhuatae guraef, t`emac p`maea yaef ljruf`cae cjuaefae Ejfara (Wuhjct` mae ]k`trisijm`h`i ; 1067). Lasadab cirups` ljrupacae lasadab yaef ljeffaeffu, mae ljefbalhat pjlhaefueae eas`iead carjea cirups` tjdab ljefac`hatcae tjrkam`eya cjhigirae cjuaefae ejfara yaef kustru saefat ljljrducae maea yaef hjsar m` lasa tjrkam`eya cr`s`s jcieil` mae liejtjr. ]jrpuruceya pjrjcieil`ae @emiejs`a yaef tjrus ljejrus pama saat `e` ljlpjefarub` sjem`-sjem` cjb`mupae m` madal lasyaracat, hjrhaefsa mae hjrejfara. Cirups` pama saat `e` laupue uetuc lasa yaef acae mataef ljrupacae aegalae sjr`us yaef mapat ljlhabayacae pjrcjlhaefae cjb`mupae haefsa-haefsa pama ululeya, mae cbususeya haefsa @emiejs`a sjb`effa cjkabatae cirups` sjdayaceya m`catjfir`cae sjhafa` cjkabatae yaef ljlhabayacae cjsjkabtjraae haefsa mae ejfara. Bad `e` sjsua` mjefae apa yaef m`cjlucacae idjb Xild` Atlasasl`ta sjhafa` hjr`cut; Ljejlpatcae cirups` madal pis`s` tjrsjhut hucaedab t`mac hjradasae mae cjgjemjruefae cj arab tjrsjhut sumab m`luda` idjb irfae`sas` cjrkasala jcieil` mae pjlhaefueae atau Irfae`zat`ie oir Jgieil`g Giipjrat`ie aem Mjvjdipljet (IJGM) djlhafa `e` (IJGM) tjdab ljefalh`d `e`s`at`o mae hjrbas`d @WWE ; 8>2:-=6:6
Malpac Las`o mae Zpaya...(Ar`stitjdjs) 8>7-81>
ljlpjrtjlucae v`s` mae l`s` para aeffitaeya madal pjlhjraetasae cirups` mae m`wukumcae madal suatu pjrkaek`ae yaef m`sjhut —]bj IJGM Aet` Girrupt`ie ]rjaty“ yaef m`taemataefae` idjb 80 (mua pudub sjlh`dae) aeffita mae 7 (t`fa) ejfara m` Aljr`ca Wjdatae mae 8 (mua) ejfara m` Jripa. ^jrkaek`ae `e` hjrdacu jojct`o sjkac hudae Mjsjlhjr 1002. 1 Zpaya pjlhjraetasae cirups` tjdab luda` m`rjad`sas`cae madal cjraefca yur`m`s pama lasa pjljr`etabae Bah`h`j mjefae cjduareya ZZ Ei. 71 ]abue 1000 tjetaef ^jlhjraetasae ]`emac ^`maea Cirups` yaef ljeffaet`cae ZZ Ei. 7 ]abue 1061 tjetaef ^jlhjraetasae ]`emac ^`maea Cirups`. Adasae pjrfaet`ae ZemaefZemaef Cirups` mar` ZZ Ei. 7 ]abue 1061 ljekam` ZZ Ei. 71 ]abue 1000 tjetaef ^jlhjraetasae ]`emac ^`maea Cirups` mapat m`d`bat madal m`ctul ZZ Ei. 71 ]abue 1000 sjhafa` hjr`cut; Habwa Zemaef-Zemaef Eilir 7 ]abue 1061 tjetaef ^jlhjraetasae ]`emac ^`maea Cirups` sumab t`mac sjsua` daf` mjefae pjrcjlhaefae cjhutubae madal lasyaracat, carjea `tu pjrdu m`faet` mjefae Zemaef-Zemaef ^jlhjraetasae ]`emac ^`maea Cirups` yaef haru sjb`effa m`barapcae djh`b jojct`o madal ljegjfab mae ljlhjraetas t`emac p`maea cirups`. ZZ Ei. 71 ]abue 1000 tjetaef ^jlhjraetasae ]`emac ^`maea Cirups` kufa tjdab m`uhab ljekam` Zemaef-uemaef Xjpuhd`c @emiejs`a Ei. 8> ]abue 8>>1 tjetaef ^jruhabae atas ZZ Ei. 71 ]abue 1000 tjetaef ^jlhjraetasae ]`emac 1
Xild` Atlasasl`ta, — ^rispjc ^jeaeffudaefae Cirups` m` @emiejs`a Ljlasuc` Aham RR@; Wuatu Xjir`jetas` atas Cjh`kacae Bucul ^`maea m` @emiejs`a“, @emiejs`a “, M`salpa`cae madal ^`mati ^jefucubae Furu Hjsar Lamya madal @dlu Bucul ^`maea pama Oacudtas Bucul Ze`vjrs`tas ^amkakarae Haemuef, 8: Wjptjlhjr 1000, bdl. :
8>=
Kuread @dlu Bucul, K`d`m ?, Ei 7, Mjsjlhjr 8>11
^`maea Cirups`. Cirups` ljrupacae t`emac p`maea yaef ljefac`hatcae cjruf`ae pama pjrjcieil`ae ejfara. Zemaef-Zemaef Ei 71 ]abue 1000 mae Zemaef-Zemaef Ei.8> ]a bu e 8 > >1 t ` m a c l j l h j r ` ca e suatu mjo`e`s` yaef past` ljefjea` t`emac p`maea cirups`. Adasaeeya t`mac da`e habwa t`emac p`maea `e` m`dacucae idjb p`bac yaef hjrama madal suatu `estaes` pjljr`etab yaef m`laea pjrhuatae ljrjca ljefac`hatcae cjruf`ae tjrbamap cjuaefae ejfara. pjlhjrdacuae ZZ ^jlhjraetasae ]`emac ^`maea Cirup` t`mac hjf`tu saka lje`efcatcae pract`c pjlhjraetasae cirups`. Cjamaae yaef tjrkam` (sjhjdul hjrdacueya ZZ ]jetaef C^C) `adab djlabeya `etjfr`tas mae crjm`h`d`tas kakarae `estaes` pj p j l j r ` e t a b b ` e f fa p a m a aparat pjejfac bucul madal ljlhjraetas pract`c cirups` yaef tjrkam`. Bad `e` kustru ljemirief tjrkam`eya pjrcjlhaefae pract`c cirups` yaef pama awadeya m`barapcae tjrbamap pje`efcatae pjlhjraetasae cirups`. Wj`r`ef mjefae pjrcjlhaefae pract`c cirups` laca mapat m`rasacae cjhutubae acae suatu `estaes` pjljr`etab yaef mapat ljdacucae suatu pjruhabae yaef hjrs`oat prifrjs`o. Cjhutubae acae pjruhabae `e`dab yaef ljemirief dab`reya suatu djlhafa ejfara yaef m`sjhut mjefae Cil`s` ^jlhjraetasae Cirups`. C^C ljrupacae djlhafa ejfara yaef ljl`d`c`ouefs` mae wjwjeaef madal ljekadaecae pjlhjraetasae t`emac p`maea cirups`. ZZ Ei 7> ]abue 8>>8 madal bad lje`lhaef ljefatacae habwa cjbam`rae C^C sjhafa` sidus` atas hjdul hjrouefs`eya sjgara jojct`o mae jo`s`je pjlhjraetasae t`emac p`maeacirups` yaef sjhjduleya m`taefae` idjb djlhafa pjljr`etab yaef hjrwjeaef uetuc `tu. Cirups` ljrupacae pjrhuatae yaef hjrtjetaefae mjefae ca`mab-ca`mab ulul @WWE ; 8>2:-=6:6
Malpac Las`o mae Zpaya...(Ar`stitjdjs) 8>7-81>
yaef hjrdacu m` lasyaracat. Ljd`bat rjad`ta tjrsjhut t`lhud puhd`g kumfjljet habwa cirups` amadab lae`ojstas` mar` humaya haefsa. Hjrmasarcae pama ura`ae tjrsjhut, `su bucul yaef t`lhud mar` lasadab `e` amadab Hafa`laeacab malpac las`o yaef t`lhud mar` amaeya t`emac cirups`9 Mae Zpaya apacab yaef mapat m`dacucae madal ljdacucae pjlhjraetasae cirups`9 ^JLHABAWAE Malpac Las`o yaef amaeya ]`emac Cirups`
]`lhud
mar`
Hjrhafa` stum` cilprjbjes`o ljefjea` malpac cirups` tjrbamap jcieil` sjrta var`ahjd-var`ahjdeya tjdab haeyac m`dacucae b`effa saat `e`. Mar` bas`d stum` tjrsjhut kjdas tjrd`bat hjrhafa` malpac ejfat`o ac`hat cirups`. Cirups` mapat ljlpjrdjlab `evjstas` mae pjrtulhubae jcieil` b`effa mapat ljefac`hatcae pjeurueae t`efcat primuct`v`tas yaef mapat m`ucur ljdadu` hjrhafa` `em`catir o`s`c, sjpjrt` cuad`tas kadae raya. Cirups` t`mac baeya hjrmalpac tjrbamap satu aspjc cjb`mupae saka. Cirups` lje`lhudcae jojc mil`ei yaef ljduas tjrbamap jcs`stjes` haefsa mae ejfara. ljduaseya pract`c cirups` m` suatu ejfara acae ljlpjrhuruc ciem`s` jcieil` haefsa, l`sadeya barfa haraef ljekam` labad mjefae cuad`tas yaef huruc, acsjs racyat tjrbamap pjem`m`cae mae cjsjbatae ljekam` sud`t, cjalaeae suatu ejfara tjraegal, cjrusacae d`efcuefae b`mup, mae g`tra pjljr`etabae yaef huruc m` lata `etjreas`iead sjb`effa ljeffiyabcae sjem`-sjem` cjpjrgayaae pjl`d`c limad as`ef, cr`s`s jcieil` yaef hjrcjpaekaefae, mae ejfara pue ljekam` sjlac`e tjrpjrisic madal cjl`sc`eae. 8>:
Kuread @dlu Bucul, K`d`m ?, Ei 7, Mjsjlhjr 8>11
Amapue hjrhafa` malpac las`o cirups` yaef ljriefrief hjrhafa` aspjc cjb`mupae hjrhaefsa mae hjrejfara acae m`ura`cae sjhafa` hjr`cut ; Malpac Jcieil` Cirups` ljl`d`c` hjrhafa` jojc pjefbaegurae yaef bjhat tjrbamap hjrhafa` s`s` cjb`mupae haefsa mae ejfara, cbususeya madal s`s` jcieil` sjhafa` pjemirief utala cjsjkabtjraae lasyaracat. Cirups` ljl`d`c` cirjdas` ejfat`o mjefae t`efcat `evjstas`, pjrtulhubae jcieil`, mae mjefae pjefjduarae pjljr`etab uetuc prifral sis`ad mae cjsjkabtjraae. Bad `e` ljrupacae haf`ae mar` `et` jcieil` lacri. Cjeyataae habwa cirups` ljl`d`c` buhuefae daefsuef mjefae bad `e` ljemirief pjljr`etab hjrupaya ljdaeffudaef` cirups`, ha`c sjgara prjvjet`o, rjprjs`o laupue curat`o. M` s`s` da`e lje`efcateya cirups` hjrac`hat pama lje`efcateya h`aya haraef mae kasa, yaef cjlum`ae mapat ljdiekaccae utaef ejfara. pama cjamaae `e`, `ejo`s`jes` tjrkam`, ya`tu cjt`ca pjljr`etab ljefjduarcae djh`b haeyac cjh`kacae ealue m`sjrta` mjefae laraceya pract`c cirups`, hucaeeya ljlhjr`cae e`da` pis`t`o l`sadeya pjrha`cae ciem`s` yaef sjlac`e tjrtata, ealue kustru ljlhjr`cae e`da` ejfat`o haf` pjrjcieil`ae sjgara ulul. L`sadeya, aeffarae pjrusabaae yaef sjha`ceya m`putar madal pjrputarae jcieil`, kustru m`adicas`cae uetuc h`ricras` yaef ukuef-ukuefeya tjrhuaef lasuc cj caetief pr`ham` pjkahat. Hjrhafa` pjrlasadabae jcieil` da`e acae luegud sjgara adal`ab apah`da cirups` sumab ljrakadjda yaef mapat ljefac`hatcae djsueya pjrtulhubae jcieil` mae `evjstas`, rjemabeya cuad`tas haraef mae kasa haf` puhd`c, ljeurueeya @WWE ; 8>2:-=6:6
Malpac Las`o mae Zpaya...(Ar`stitjdjs) 8>7-81>
pjemapatae ejfara mar` sjctir lje`efcateya butaef ejfara.
pakac,
Malpac Wis`ad mae Cjl`sc`eae Lasyaracat Haf` lasyaracat l`sc`e, cirups` ljefac`hatcae malpac yaef duar h`asa mae sad`ef hjrtaut satu sala da`e. pjrtala malpac daefsuef yaef m`rasacae idjb iraef l`sc`e yace` sjlac`e labadeya kasa hjrhafa` pjdayaeae puhd`c, rjemabeya cuad`tas pjdayaeae, mae pjlhatasae acsjs tjrbamap hjrhafa` pjdayaeae v`tad sjpjrt` a`r, cjsjbatae, mae pjem`m`cae. Cjmua, malpac t`mac daefsuef tjrbamap iraef l`sc`e yace` pjefad`bae sulhjr maya l`d`c puhd`c uetuc cjpjet`efae pr`ham` mae cjdilpic, yaef sjbaruseya m`pjruetuccae fuea cjlakuae sjctir sis`ad mae iraef l`sc`e, ljdadu` pjlhatasae pjlhaefueae. Bad `e` sjgara daefsuef ljl`d`c` pjefarub cjpama daeffjefeya cjl`sc`eae yaef mapat lje`lhudcae sid`mar`tas sis`ad sjlac`e daefca mae mjlirad`sas` sjrta mapat lje`efcatcae aefca cr`l`ead`tas. Malpac tjrbamap ^id`t`c mae Mjlicras` Malpac las`o cirups` tjrbamap pid`t`c mae mjlicras` aetara da`e; ljluegudcae cjpjl`lp`eae cirup carjea ciem`s` pid`t`c yaef garut larut mae gjemjruef cirupt`o, b`daefeya cjpjrgayaae puhd`c pama mjlicras` carjea tjrkam`eya t`emac cirups` hjsar-hjsarae yaef m`dacucae idjb pjt`eff` pjljr`etab, djf`sdat`o, yum`cat`o atau pjt`eff` parta` pid`t`c, ljefuateya pduticras` (s`stjl pid`t`c yaef m`cuasa` idjb pjl`d`c limad/cap`tad`s), mae baegureya cjmaudatae racyat yaef m`sjhahcae cjcayaae ejfara baeya m`e`clat` idjb sjcjdilpic tjrtjetu.
8>?
Kuread @dlu Bucul, K`d`m ?, Ei 7, Mjsjlhjr 8>11
Malpac tjrbamap ^jejfacae Bucul Malpac las`o cirups` tjrbamap pjejfacae bucul mapat m`rasacae aetara da`e ouefs` pjljr`etabae yaef laemud carjea cirups` ljef`c`s haeyac cjlalpuae pjljr`etab uetuc ljdacucae ouefs` yaef sjbaruseya, b`daefeya cjpjrgayaae racyat tjrbamap djlhafa ejfara carjea hihriceya pjejfacae bucul m` @emiejs`a. Wjbaruseyadab pjljr`etab ljeg`ptacae cjtjraturae madal cjb`mupae hjrhaefsa mae hjrejfara mae hucae sjhad`ceya. Malpac ]jrbamap ^jrtabaeae mae Cjalaeae Malpac las`o cirups` tjrbamap pjrtabaeae mae cjalaeae aetara da`e mapat ljefac`hatcae cjrawaeae baecaleas carjea djlabeya aduts`sta mae sulhjr maya laeus`a, djlabeya far`s hatas ejfara carjea cjl`sc`eae yaef tjrkam` m` majrab pjrhatasae ejfara, ljefuateya s`s` cjcjrasae madal lasyaracat carjea ciem`s` cjl`sc`eae pama acb`reya ljl`gu hjrhafa` cjrawaeae sis`ad da`eeya yaef sjlac`e ljlhuat lasyaracat orustas` ljefbamap` cjraseya cjb`mupae. Malpac Cjrusacae D`efcuefae Malpac las`o cirups` kufa mapat ljefac`hatcae cjrusacae d`efcuefae yaef m`taema` mjefae ljeurueeya cuad`tas d`efcuefae carjea amaeya jcsdpi`tas` hjsar-hjsarae sulhjr maya adal, ljeurueeya cuad`tas b`mup yaef kufa acae hjrmalpac pama ljeurueeya cuad`tas b`mup laeus`a yaef ama m` madaleya, sjrta cuad`tas b`mup fdihad. Zpaya yaef mapat m`dacucae madal ljdacucae pjlhjraetasae cirups` Haf` p`bac yaef fjral tjrbamap laraceya cirups` ljefatacae bawa upaya @WWE ; 8>2:-=6:6
Malpac Las`o mae Zpaya...(Ar`stitjdjs) 8>7-81>
yaef pad`ef tjpat uetuc ljlhjraetas cirups` amadab ljefbucul sjhjrat hjrateya pjdacu cirups`. Mjefae mjl`c`ae, h`maef bucul cbususeya bucul p`maea acae m`aeffap sjhafa` kawahae yaef pad`ef tjpat uetuc ljlhjraetas cirups`. Ljrupacae sjhuab oacta habwa c`ta sumab ljl`d`c` hjrhafa` pjraefcat bucul uetuc ljlhjraetas cirups` ya`tu pjraturae pjruemaefuemaefae. C`ta ljl`d`c` ljl`d`c` cjpid`s`ae, cjkacsaae mae pjefam`dae. C`ta habcae ljl`d`c` sjhuab djlhafa `emjpjemje yaef hjreala Cil`s` ^jlhjraetasae Cirups` yaef cjsjluaeya m`hjetuc sadab satu tukuaeeya uetuc ljlhjraetas cirups`. Ealue oacta kufa habwa cirups` tjtap tulhub suhur mae hjrcjlhaef. Djh`b l`r`seya, tjreyata tjdlahfa aparat yaef tjdab m`tuekuc ljlhjraetas cirups`, madal hjhjrapa casus kustru `cut ljdacucae cirups`. Mar` pjrlasadabae cirups` yaef cilpdjcs, laca saefat pjet`ef uetuc ljefbuhuefcae stratjf` atau upaya pjlhjraetasae cirups` mjefae ljd`bat caractjr`st`c mar` hjrhafa` p`bac yaef tjrd`hat sjrta d`efcuefae m` laea ljrjca hjcjrka. Zpaya pjeaeffudaefae t`emac cirups` mjefae bucul p`maea Cjh`kacae pjeaeffudaefae cjkabatae atau yaef h`asa m`cjead mjefae `st`dab pid`t`c cr`l`ead atau gr`l`ead pid`gy pid`gy idjb F. ^jtjr Bijoeafjds m`hjmacae sjhafa` hjr`cut (Eawaw` Harma; 8>>2); a) Cjh`kacae pjejrapae bucul p`maea (gr`l`ead daw appd`gat`ie)3 appd`gat`ie)3 h) Cjh`kacae pjegjfabae taepa bucul p`maea ( prjvjet`ie w`tbiut pue`sbljet )3 )3 g) Cjh`kacae uetuc ljlpjefarub` paemaefae lasyaracat ljefjea`
8>6
Kuread @dlu Bucul, K`d`m ?, Ei 7, Mjsjlhjr 8>11
cjkabatae mae pjl`maeaae djwat ljm`a lassa (`eodujeg`ef v`jws io sig`jty ie gr`lj aem pue`sbljet/lass ljm`a). ljm`a ). Ljd`bat pjlhjmaae tjrsjhut, sjgara far`s hjsar upaya pjeaeffudaefae cjkabatae mapat m`haf` ljekam` 8 (mua) yace` ljdadu` kadur pjead (mjefae ljeffueacae bucul p`maea) mae kadur eie-pjead (m`sjdjsa`cae m` duar bucul p`maea mjefae saraea-saraea eie-pjead l`sadeya pjeyudubae, pjem`m`cae mdd). Ljeurut Harma Eawaw` Ar`jo, upaya pjeaeffudaefae cjkabatae ljdadu` kadur pjead djh`b lje`t`chjratcae pama s`oat rjprjs`o (pjeulpasae/ pje`emacae/ pjlhjraetasae) sjsumab cjkabatae tjrkam`, sjmaefcae kadur eie-pjead djh`b lje`t`chjratcae pama s`oat prjvjet`o (pjegjfabae). (Eawaw` Ar`jo ; 8>>2). Hjr`cut acae m`paparcae hjrhafa` upaya atau stratjf` yaef m`dacucae uetuc ljlhjraetas cirups` yaef m`cjlhaefcae idjb Ze`tjm Eat`ies Eat`ies yaef m`ealacae tbj Fdihad ^rifral Afa`est Girrupt`ie mae m`huat madal hjetuc Ze`tjm Eat`ies Aet`Girrupt`ie ]iidc`t (ZEIMG; 8>>=). ^jlhjetucae Djlhafa Ae`-Cirups` Wadab satu gara uetuc ljlhjraetas cirups` amadab mjefae ljlhjetuc djlhafa yaef `emjpjemje yaef cbusus ljeaefae` cirups`. Wjhafa` gietib m` hjhjrapa Ejfara m`m`r`cae djlhafa yaef m`ealacae Ilhumslae Ilhumslae yaef tufaseya aetara da`e ljeyjm`acae saraea haf` lasyaracat yaef bjemac ljefakucae cjhjratae tjetaef apa yaef m`dacucae idjb djlhafa pjljr`etab mae pjfawa`eya. Wjda`e `tu kufa, Ilhumslae Ilhumslae ljlhjr`cae staemar pjr`dacu sjrta gimj io giemugt io giemugt haf` haf` djlhafa pjljr`etab laupue djlhafa bucul yaef ljlhutubcae. Ejfara @emiejs`a sjem`r` sumab ljl`d`c` djlhafa @WWE ; 8>2:-=6:6
Malpac Las`o mae Zpaya...(Ar`stitjdjs) 8>7-81>
yaef cbusus m`hjetuc uetuc ljlhjraetas cirups`, ya`tu Cil`s` ^jlhjraetasae Cirups`. a) Ljlpjrha`c` c`ejrka djlhafa pjram`dae ha`c mar` t`efcat cjpid`s`ae, cjkacsaae, pjefam`dae mae djlhafa pjlasyaracatae3 h) M` t`efcat mjpartjlje, mjpart jlje, c`ejrka djlhafa-djlhafa m`aum`t sjpjrt` `espjctirat Kjemjrad barus m`t`efcatcae3 g) Xjoirlas` h`ricras` mae rjoirlas` pjdayaeae puhd`c amadab sadab satu gara uetuc ljegjfab cirups`3 m) Ljlaetau mae ljlpjrha`c` c`ejrka ^jljr`etab Majrab3 j) Ljlpjrfueacae bac p`d`b mjefae ha`c ha`c `tu madal p`dcama, pjl`du mae p`dprjs. ^jegjfabae ^jegjfabae cirups` m` sjctir puhd`c a) Ljwak`hcae pjkahat puhd`c uetuc ljdapircae mae ljefululcae kuldab cjcayaae yaef m`l`d`c` ha`c sjhjdul laupue sjsumab ljekahat. h) Zetuc cietrac pjcjrkaae atau pjefamaae haraef ha`c m` pjljr`etabae pusat, majrab laupue l`d`tjr, sadab satu gara uetuc ljlpjrcjg`d pitjes` cirups` amadab ljdacucae djdaef atau pjeawarae sjgara tjrhuca. g) Ljlhuat mae ljefjlhaefcae s`stjl yaef traesparae mae acuetahjd madal bad pjrjcrutae ejfawa` ejfjr` mae aeffita l`d`tjr. m) Wjda`e s`stjl pjrjcrutae, pjrdu pjefjlhaefae s`stjl pje`da`ae c`ejrka pjfawa` ejfjr` yaef lje`t`chjratcae pama prisjs mae bas`d cjrka acb`r. ^jegjfabae cirups` ljdadu` sis`ad mae pjlhjrmayaae pjlhjrmayaae lasyaracat a) Ljlhjr`cae bac pama lasyaracat uetuc ljemapatcae acsjs tjrbamap `eoirlas` h) Lje`efcatcae cjsamarae sjrta cjpjmud`ae puhd`g mjefae gara
8>2
Kuread @dlu Bucul, K`d`m ?, Ei 7, Mjsjlhjr 8>11
ljdacucae calpaeyj tjetaef habaya cirups` g) Ljeyjm`acae saraea haf` lasyaracat uetuc ljdapircae casus cirups`. m) ]`mac ljlhjrdacucae pasad ljefjea` —o`teab“ mae pjegjlarae eala ha`c haf` iraef yaef ljdapircae mufaae cirups`. j) Ljlouefs`cae pjrs sjhafa` adat calpaeyj ljefjea` habaya cirups`, mae ljdacucae pjefawasae atas pjr`dacu pjkahat puhd`c. o) Lje`efcatcae pjefawasae ljdadu` Djlhafa Wwamaya Lasyaracat atau EFIs EFIs ha`c t`efcat digad atau `etjreas`iead. ^jefjlhaefae mae pjlhuatae hjrhafa` `estruljet bucul yaef ljemucuef pjegjfabae mae pjlhjraetasae pjlhjraetasae cirups`. Zetuc ljemucuef pjegjfabae mae pjlhjraetasae cirups` t`mac gucup ljefaemadcae satu `estruljet bucul yace` uemaef-emaef pjlhjraetasae t`emac p`maea cirups`. Hjrhafa` pjraturae pjruemaef-uemaefae atau `estruljet bucul da`e pjrdu m`cjlhaefae. Wadab satu pjraturae pjruemaef-uemaefae yaef barus ama uetuc ljemucuef pjlhjraetasae cirups` amadab uemaef-uemaef t`emac p`maea pjegug`ae uaef, uemaef-uemaef pjrd`emuefae sacs` mae cirhae, uemaefuemaef pjrs. Bad `e` hjrtukuae uetuc djh`b ljlhjrmayacae lasyaracat. Lasyaracat t`mac hidjb tacut ljdapircae casus cirups` yaef m`cjtabu`eya. Wjda`e `tu, uetuc ljemucuef pjljr`etabae yaef hjrs`b, pjrdu `estruljet cimj jt`c yaef m`tukucae uetuc sjlua pjkahat puhd`g, ha`c pjkahat jcsjcut`o, djf`sdat`oj laupue cimj jt`c haf` aparat pjejfac bucul (cjpid`s`ae, cjkacsaae, bac`l mae amvicat)
Malpac Las`o mae Zpaya...(Ar`stitjdjs) 8>7-81>
Lje`emacdaekut` upaya-upaya pjlhjraetasae cirups` m` atas, laca yaef pjet`ef uetuc m`dacucae sjdaekuteya sjdaekuteya amadab ljdacucae lie`tir`ef mae jvaduas` tjrbamap sjdurub pjcjrkaae atau cjf`atae pjlhjraetasae cirups`. Zetuc stratjf` atau prifral yaef sucsjs sjha`ceya m`daekutcae, sjmaefcae uetuc yaef fafad, barus m`gar` pjeyjhaheya mae m`gar`cae sidus` yaef djh`b ha`c. CJW@L^ZDAE
^ract`c cirups` yaef ljduas acae ljlpjrhuruc ciem`s` jcieil` haefsa, l`sadeya barfa haraef ljekam` labad mjefae cuad`tas yaef huruc, acsjs racyat tjrbamap pjem`m`cae mae cjsjbatae ljekam` sud`t, cjalaeae ejfara tjraegal, cjrusacae d`efcuefae b`mup, mae g`tra pjljr`etabae yaef huruc m` lata `etjreas`iead sjb`effa ljeffiyabcae sjem`-sjem` cjpjrgayaae pjl`d`c limad as`ef, cr`s`s jcieil` yaef hjrcjpaekaefae, mae ejfara pue ljekam` sjlac`e tjrpjrisic madal cjl`sc`eae. Wjgara far`s hjsar upaya pjeaeffudaefae cjkabatae mapat m`haf` ljekam` 8 (mua) yace` ljdadu` kadur pjead (mjefae ljeffueacae bucul p`maea) mjefae t`t`c hjrat pama pje`emacae mae kadur eie-pjead (m`sjdjsa`cae m` duar bucul p`maea mjefae saraea-saraea eie pjead l`sadeya pjeyudubae, pjem`m`cae mdd) mjefae t`t`c hjrat pama pjegjfabae.
MAO]AX XZKZCAE
Aem`
Balzab.8>>8. ^jlhjraetasae Cirups` m`t`ekau mar` Bucul ^`maea. ^`maea. ^usat Bucul ^`maea Ze`vjrs`tas ]r`sact`. Kacarta.
Lie`tir`ef mae jvaduas` @WWE ; 8>2:-=6:6
8>0
Kuread @dlu Bucul, K`d`m ?, Ei 7, Mjsjlhjr 8>11
Malpac Las`o mae Zpaya...(Ar`stitjdjs) 8>7-81>
Ar`jo, Harma Eawaw`.8>>2. Huefa Eawaw`.8>>2. Huefa Xalpa` Cjh`kacae Bucul ^`maea. ^`maea. Cjegaea. Kacarta. C`lhjrdy Aee Jdd`itt.1000. Cirups` mae Jcieil` Mue`a. Mue`a. Kacarta; Payasae Ihir. @emiejs`a. ^ijrwamarl`eta, VKW. 106?. Calus Zlul Habasa @emiejs`a. @emiejs`a . Hada` ^ustaca. Kacarta. Wuhjct` mae ]k`trisijm`h`i. 1067. Calus Bucul. Bucul. ^rameya ^aral`ta. Kacarta. ]`l ^jeud`s Hucu ^jem`m`cae Aet` Cirups`. 8>11. ^jem`m`cae ^jem`m`cae Aet` Cirups` uetuc ^jrfuruae ]`eff`. ]`eff` . Cjljetjr`ae ^jem`m`cae mae Cjhumayaae X@ M`rjctirat Kjemjrad ^jem`m`cae ]`eff` Ze`tjm Eat`ies.8>>=. tbj Fdihad ^rifral Afa`est GGirrupt`ie. Ze`tjm Eat`ies Aet`-Girrupt`ie ]iidc`t.. ZEIMG . _`jea ^jraturae pjruemaef-uemaefae
C`tah Zemaef-Zemaef Bucul ^`maea Zemaef-Zemaef Eilir 71 ]abue 1000 tjetaef ^jlhjraetasae ]`emac ^`maea Cirups` Zemaef-Zemaef Eilir 8> ]abue 8>>1 tjetaef ^jruhabae atas Zemaef-Zemaef Eilir 71 ]abue 1000 tjetaef ^jlhjraetasae ]`emac ^`maea Cirups`. Zemaef-Zemaef Eilir 7> ]abue 8>>8 tjetaef Cil`s` ^jlhjraetasae ]`emac ^`maea Cirups`
@WWE ; 8>2:-=6:6
81>
