Turkish Language - Some Street Turkish and Daily Expressions Invoking the Intervention of Allah.. The using of the name of Deity in daily speech is not considered strong talk as it would be to call on Jesus, Christ or God in the English language. The following examples are quite ordinary usage in daily Turkish. Some Daily Interjections.....! Meaning
Invocation
New Turkish
Before beginning something İnşallah
umarım - I hope
Just at beginning
Bısmıllah
-
Goodbye..!
Allahaısmal Hoşçakal..! - Keep well..! adık..!
When surprised/disappointed
Allah Allah..!!
Hadi ya!, Vay canına! - Well now!, What the heck?
When giving up - (see note below)
Eyvallah
-
To get to the end, finish off
Ya Allah
-
Promise, swear
Vallah Bıllah
Yemin ederim - I'm sure
Show self confidence
Evallah
-
Fully motivated
Alımallah
-
Bored
Fesuphanall Of! - (a sound) ah
More bored
Hasbınallah -
Give up
İllallah
Bıktım (verb: bıkmak) - I am fed up
Great inspiration and motivation
Allah, Allah, Allah
Succeeded
Maşallah
"Please don't mention it.." showing modesty
Estağfurull Lafi bile olmaz - It is not even ah worth mentioning
At failure
Hay Allah
Aferin! - Well done!
-
Some of the younger people do not use all these invocations, but you will hear them everywhere and read them in newspapers and novels, so to my mind they are useful to know. Thanks to Alex Taurus and Dicle Düzgün for their contributions - May 2008 Some notes on the formulas above Allahaısmaladık - Means Goodbye. - (lit: We call on Allah..) - when leaving company or after making a visit to someone's home. This formula is only spoken by the persons who are actually leaving. - Listen to Here our unknown friend is signifying "No" by raising his eyebrows with an uptilt of the head.. Quite often one will make the sound "tut" at the same time. Note that, shaking the head from side to side does not mean - "NO". It signifies - I don't understand. This is often a mistake made by Europeans when trying to say - "No" and is the cause of many misunderstandings - you must tilt your head backwards and raise the eyebrows when indicating negation and saying "No" If you shake your head to mean - No - you will be misunderstood and the Turk will probably repeat himself thinking that you have not understood their meaning... Turkish Language - Some Daily Turkish Conversational Locutions Here are a few regularly used locutions translated into Turkish. We all use these kind of sayings in our daily language to help us think and to
emphasize our meaning. Using these locutions will make your conversational language seem more fluid and normal in daily speech. You can sort alphabetically either on English or Turkish by clicking the header (but note that the Turkish letters ı, ş, ç, ö, ü do not sort in series but at the end of the turkish alphabet after the letter - z. You can learn this list one by one below: A List of Daily Conversational Locutions (192) English
Turkish
According to that
ona göre
At last
nihayet ; sonunda
After all
nede olsa
At least
en azından
A little
biraz
At most
en çok ; azami
A little bit
bir parça
At once
derhal
All day long
bütün gün
At random
rastgele
All of a sudden
birdenbire
At short notice
kısa süre içinde
All of you
hepiniz
All over the world
bütün dünyada
At the back
arkada
All right
peki
At the door
kapıda
All set?
tamam mı?
At the end
sonunda
Almost
hemen hemen
At the same time
aynı zamanda
A longtime ago
çoktan beri
As a matter of fact
nitekim
Before long
çok geçmeden yakında
As a rule
usulen
As for me
bana kalırsa
Besides
bundan başka
As if ; as though
sanki ; güya
Better
daha iyi
As usual
her zamanki gibi
Both of you
ikiniz de
As you please
nasıl isterseniz
By airmail
uçakla
At any rate
her zaman
By heart
ezberden
At first
ilkin
By means of
aracıyla
At hand
elde
By no means
asla
By the way
sırası gelmişken
By turns
sıra ile
Care of
eliyle
How is that?
nasıl olur?
Come in!
buyurun ; giriniz
How many?
kaç tane
Consequently
bundan dolayı
How much.
kaça? ; ne kadar?
Don't mention it
bir şey değil
I am sorry!
affedesiniz!; üzülüyorum
Don't worry
merak etmeyin
Enclosed
ilişik olarak
I am sure
eminim
Ever since
o zamandan beri
I beg your pardon
özür dilerim
Every day
her gün
Face to face
yüz yüze
I can't help it
elimde değil
For ever
sonsuzca
For God's sake!
Allaha aşkına!
I don't care
aldırmam!
For Instance
örneğin
If need be
gerekirse
For sale
satılık
If possible
kabilse
For the first time
ilk kez olarak
Ill-timed
zamansız
for the time being
şimdilik
In a hurry
acele ; ivedili
Frequently
sık sık
In any case ; somehow
her halde ; nasılsa
From end to end
baştan başa
In due course
zamanında
From now on
şimdiden sonra
In due time
tam zamanında
From this moment
bu andan sonra
In every respect
her bakımdan
From this time on
bundan sonra
In fact
esasen ; nitekim
Full up
dolmuştur
In front of
önünde ; karşısında
Good for nothing
işe yaramaz
In no time
bir çırpıda
Good looking
yakışıklı
In order to
amacıyla
Good luck
iyi şanslar
In spite of it
ona rağmen
Gradually
git gide
In the end
sonunda
Help yourself
buyurun
In the first place
ilk önce
How are you?
nasılsınız?
In the future
gelecekte
In the long run
sonunda
In the meantime
bu arada
In the middle
ortada
No doubt
şüphesiz
In the morning
sabahleyin
No harm done
zararı yok
In the open
açık havada
Not at all
hiç de değil
In the shade
gölgede
Now and again ; now and then
arada sırada
In the very act
Suçüstü
In this case
bu halde
In this manner
böylelikle
Of course
tabii
In time
zamanında ; vaktinde
Of late
geçenlerde
In turns
sıra ile
On and on
durmadan
Isn't it?
değil mi?
Once again
bir daha
Is that so?
sahi mi?
Once and for all
kesinlikle
I suppose so
galiba
Once a week
haftada bir
It is all the same
fark etmez
Once in a while
ara sıra
It is not worth while
değmez
Once more
tekrar ; bir daha
It is of no use
boşuna
On condition that
şartıyle
One by one
birer birer
Just a moment
bir dakika
On foot
yürüyerek
Just in case
ne olur ne olmaz
On leave
izinli
Just in time
tam vaktinde
On purpose
bile bile ; kasten
On the contrary
tersine ; aksine
Less
daha az
Let me alone
git işine
On the left
solda
Let's go
gidelim
On the right
sağda
Little by little
azar azar
On the other hand
diğer taraftan
Long ago
uzun zamandan beri
Look out!
dikkat et!
On top of
tepesinde
Over again
tekrar
Made to order
ısmarlama
Over there
orada
Maybe
belki ; olabilir
Please
lütfen ; rica ederim
More or less
aşağı yukarı
Providing that
şartıyle
Ready made
hazır konfeksiyon
Till morning
sabaha kadar
Return ticket
gidiş-dönüş bileti
To be sure
tabii
To let ; to rent
kiralık
Right here
işte burada
Too many
pek çok
Right there
işte orada
Too much
pek fazla
Rough and ready
yarım yamalak
Under age
yaşça küçük
Up side down
darmadağın
Safe and sound
sağ salim
Up to date
modern
See you later
gene görüşeli
Up to now
şimdiye kadar
Side by side
yan yana
Since a long time
uzun zamandan beri
Welcome!
hoş geldiniz
Well done!
bravo!
Since then
ozamandan beri
What happened?
ne oldu?
So long
eyvallah
What's happening? ; What's up?
ne oluyor?
Sooner or later
er geç
So-so
şöyle böyle
What's wrong with you?
neniz var?
So to say
sözde ; sanki
So that
şöyle ki
What's the matter?
ne çıkar?
What next?
ya sonra?
Thanks a lot
teşekkürler
Why not?
neden olmasın?
Agreed ; OK!
anlaştık
Willy nilly
ister istemez
That right
doğru ; tamam
With a view to
amacıyle
That is to say
yani
With no exceptions
ayrıksız
That maybe
olabilir
With one accord
oy birliği ile
Then
o zaman ; öyleyse
The soonest possible
bir an önce
With your leave
izninizle
You're welcome
bir şey değil
Turkish Language - All about - buyurun - "Please be so kind..." buyurun - or the more formal - buyurunuz - is a widely used word in Turkish. There are many translations in English according to context. It is the second person Singular or Plural of the Simple Present tense of the verb - buyurmak - which basically means: Would you be so kind as to... - [Literally: Would you deign to.. to command.. to decree.. to make an order..] All or any of these meanings can be applied according to context - and in fact this word has become a sort of universal polite request, pleasant command, and is in constant daily use in all areas of Turkish life. A sort of catch-all word for most situations. - It is a very important word to learn.
Let us consider how it is used: •
When calling on someone's house and they say - buyurun it means - Please come in...
•
When they point to a chair - buyurun - Please sit down...
•
When they serve tea - buyurun - Please drink and enjoy...
•
On entering a shop the shopkeeper may say - buyurun efendim meaning - Can I help you, sir?..
•
In a restaurant or cafe when the waiter or bar man says buyurun -it means - What would you like?..
•
In many busy places markets, souvenir shops, cafes etc. there is often a professional "barker" who will be saying to all passers by - buyurun - Come and buy...
•
If in a cafe you ask to see what food is being prepared in the kitchen (normal in Turkey) then the answer would be - buyurun - meaning in this case - Of course you may...!
•
When answering the telephone you say - buyurun meaning - I'm listening to your call... - Turkish speakers also say - efendim - on answering telephone phone to say - Hello..- in a polite manner.
•
When passing people in narrow places or entering lifts etc. buyurun - means - After you..!
Turkish language - The Time, Seasons, Months, Days, Weather, Numbers A Time Vocabulary saniye - second an - moment dakika - minute saat (plural: saatler - hours) - hour gün - day hafta - week ay - month [also - moon]
yıl or sene (arab.) - year - (you will hear both of these words in general use) zaman - time vakit (vakti..) - time as a particular occasion defa - time (as an event or occasion) kere - time (as an event, occasion or point in time) kez - a point in time The word "time..." zaman - time - this word is the main one in use for - "time, occasion.." ne zaman? - what time?, when? kaç zaman - how long?, how much time? zamandan zamana [zaman-dan zaman-a] - from time to time.. her zaman - all the time, every time, always her ne zaman - whenever.. vakit (vakti)- point in time, occasion - Note: vakit - loses final vowel when suffixed with a vowel. See Nouns losing internal vowel Some examples vakit (vakti)- point in time, occasion Boş, vaktimiz var mı? - Have we got time to spare? vaktim yok, vaktim kalmadı - I haven't got time... kere - time, point in time dört kere - four times Onu, beş kere yaptım - I did it five times.. kez - time, point in time - This is a provincialism, but is also used regularly in modern daily speech. üç kez - three times her kez - always bu kez - this time Thanks to Nurcan Akaltun Çiftçi for additions to the above section - JG - June 2008. What time is it..? All about the - to the o'clock.., past the o'clock.. - and - at the o'clock.. -
usages in Turkish to tell the time. Turkish requires or demands different/alternative forms when you want to tell the time. There there are basically four different forms to tell the time. Sentence structure Clause structure Short analog form Digital Form Now let us classify the suffixes for each structure Structure: It is # min. to # o'clock.. -e var Saat iki'ye on (dakika) var - It is ten (minutes) to two Structure: It is # min. past # o'clock -i geçiyor Saat iki'yi on (dakika) geçiyor. - It is ten (minutes) past two. Structure: At the time that..At # min. to # o'clock.. -e kala Saat iki'ye on (dakika) kala. - At ten to two. Structure: At the time that..At #min. past # o'clock.. -i geçe Saat iki'yi on (dakika) geçe. - At ten past two. The Sentence Structure can only be used with the suffix - -ken - while.. - inside another sentence as the examples below show... Saat kaç acaba? - What time is it please? - Saat Yedi'yi çeyrek geçiyor. Some examples Ne zaman gelirsin? - When (at what time) will you come? Saat yedi'yi çeyrek geçiyor'da gelirim - (WRONG!) Saat yedi'yi çeyrek geçiyorken gelirim - (TRUE with -ken) Saat yedi'yi çeyrek geçe gelirim - (CLAUSE form) or Saat altı'ya beş var'da gelirim - (WRONG!) Saat altı'ya beş varken gelirim - (TRUE with -ken) Saat altı'ya beş kala gelirim - (CLAUSE form) Any of the 3 forms (except for the sentence structure) can be used within a sentence. Let us see some examples...
Saat 7'yi çeyrek geçe gelirim - (Clause) Saat 7 çeyrekte gelirim - (Analog) Saat 7:15 (yedi onbeş)te gelirim - (Digital) When you use the sentence structure, then it is used like this... Saat 7'yi çeyrek geçerken gelirim. - I will arrive at a quarter past seven. [Lit: I will arrive (come) as (while) a quarter is passing 7 o'clock.] Some times of day.. Turkish
English
şafak
dawn
kahvaltı
breakfast
sabah
morning
sabahleyin
at morning, in the morning
gün
day
bütün gün
all day long
her gün
every day
gündüz
daytime, daylight
öğle
noon
öğleden sonra
afternoon
öğle yemeği
lunch
akşam
evening
akşamleyin
in the evening, at eventide
akşam üstü
teatime, early evening
akşam yemeği
dinner, evening meal
dün
yesterday
dün sabah
yesterday morning
dün akşam
yesterday evening
dün gece
last night
evvelki gün
the day before yesterday
alacakaranlık [alaca-karanlık]
twilight
gece
night
geceleyin
in the night, at night
gece yarısı Lit: night its-half
midnight
geçen gün
the day past, the other day, yesterday
geçen ay
last month
geçen sene/yil
last year
geçen hafta
last week
geçenlerde
recently (in the past), lately
erken
early
geç
late
ne zaman
when (what time, the time that..)
ay
month
cumartesi gecesi
saturday night
ertesi gün
the following day
ertesi hafta
the following week
evvelki/evvelsi gün
the day before yesterday
geceleri
at nights
gelecek hafta
next week
hafta
week
öbür gün
the day after tomorrow
öbür hafta
the week after next
öğleleri
at noon times
öğleyin
at noon
pazar sabahı
sunday morning
sabahları
in the mornings
son günlerde
in the last few days
son zamanlarda
recently
yarın
tomorrow
yıl/sene
year
Saying - "How long for.. ?" Ne iş yaparsınız? - What is your job? - [In general, so uses the Simple Present Tense] Öğretmenim. - I am a teacher. Dört yıldır öğretmenim. - I have been a teacher for 4 years. - [ You explain how many years you have been a teacher.] İki bin üçten beri öğretmenim. - I have been a teacher since 2003. [You explain how long since you became a teacher.] Dünden beri hastayım. - I have been ill since yesterday. Pazar Gününden /Pazardan beri evdeyim. - I have been at home since Sunday. Saying - "since..." -meyeli/-mayalı oldu/oluyor. - It is/ It was a period time since.. Ben, sinemaya gitmeyeli 3 ay oldu/oluyor. - It was/is three months since I have been to the cinema. Birbirimizi görmeyeli beş yıl oldu/oluyor. - It is five years since we have seen/are seeing each other. Onlar evleneli sadece/yalnızca 2 ay oldu/oluyor. - It is just two
months since they were/are married. Some ways that state the time of an event çoktan, bile, zaten - already, besides Hâlâ öğle yemeğini yedin mi? - Have you eaten your lunch yet? Ooo,çoktan yedim. - Oooh,I have already eaten. Yedim bile. - I have already eaten. Sanırım bir şeyler yemek istiyor musun?. - Do you want something to eat.? Bana bir şey getirme. - Do not bring me anything. Ben yedim zaten. - Besides, I have already eaten. Yeni/şimdi/henüz - just Hasan,lütfen banyoya girme. - Hasan,please don't go into the bathroom. Yeni/şimdi/henüz temizledim. - I have just cleaned (it). Kuruması gerek/lazım. Tamam mı? - It needs to dry. OK? Bana 100 lira ödünç verir misin Ayşe? - Can you lend me 100 Tl Ayşe? Üzgünüm.. - [or Kusura bakma..] - veremem. - I am sorry.. I can't (give). Daha yeni/şimdi faturaları ödedim. - I have just paid the bills. Daha/henüz/hâlâ - yet Daha/henüz ödevini bitirmedin mi? - Haven't/have you finished your homework yet? Hayır, daha bitirmedim. Henüz değil.. - No, I haven't finished yet. Not yet.. Daha gelmediler. - They haven't come yet. şimdiye kadar /şu ana kadar - So far../up to now../until now.. Bu kış şimdiye kadar/şu ana kadar kar yağmadı. - It has not snowed so far this winter. Bugün şimdiye kadar/ şu ana kadar hiçbir şey yemedik. - We have not eaten anything so far today.
ilk - the (very) first.. Bu ilk kez araba sürüşüm/İlk kez araba sürdüm. - This is the first time I have driven a car. Bu, son iki saatte içtiğin beşinci kahve. - This is the fifth cup of coffee you have drunk in the last two hours. Son beş saatte iki fincan kahve içtin. - You have drunk two cups of coffee in the last five hours. ilk - means - the very first one.., whereas - birinci - means - the first if a series: Dünyanın ilk insan Adam adlı'dı - The world's first man was called Adam Birinci yarış başlamak üzeredir. - The first race is about to begin. hayatımda - "ever in my life" hayatında/hayatınızda - ever in your life.. (familiar = hayat-ın-da /formal = hayat-ınız-da) onun hayatında - ever.. in his life.. [hayat-ı-n-da = in his life] hayatımızda - ever.. in our life hayatlarında - ever.. in their life Bu hayatımda okuduğum en sıkıcı kitap. - This is the most boring book I have ever read. Bu hayatımda içinde bulunduğum en zor durum. - This is the most difficult situation I have ever been in. Hayatımda tanıştığım en konuşkan/geveze insan. - He is the most talkative person I have met in my life. "Have you ever been to ..?" There are two methods to translate this in Turkish - (1) The Formal Method - and - (2) The Familiar/Informal method. (1) Formal: -de / -da / -te / -ta bulunmak - to be (found) in/on at a place - Hiç Ankara' da bulundun mu? - Have you ever been to Ankara? [Literature - formal] (2) Informal: -a/ -ya, -e/-ye gitmek - to go to a place - Hiç Ankara' ya gittin mi? - Have you ever been to Ankara [Colloquial Speech - informal)
once, twice several times.. bir kez, bir defa, bir kere - once iki kez, iki defa, iki kere - twice birçok kez/defa/kere - several times hiç - ever [in positive sentences] hiç - never [in negative sentences] Neredeydin? - [or colloquial - Nerdeydin?] - Where have you been? / Where were you? Have you ever been to Antalya? - Hiç Antalya'da bulundun mu? Have you ever been to Antalya? - Hiç Antalya'ya gittin mi? Yes,I have been there once/twice. - Evet, bir defa/iki defa/ orada bulundum. Yes,I have been there many times. - Evet, bir çok kere (bir çok kez/ bir çok defa) oraya gittim. No, I have not been/never been there. - Yo, Antalya'ya hiç gitmedim. No, I have not been/never been there. - Yo, Antalya'da hiç bulunmadım. Yo.. - is a gentle conversational way of saying - "No..". It is not so strong as using Hayır - No... It nay be a contraction of - "yok" - "there is not.." Thanks to Nurcan Akaltun Çiftçi for contributing the sections above.. JG - June 2008. Seasons and the Weather Names of the Months January - ocak
July - temmuz
February - şubat
August - ağustos
March - mart
September - eylül
April - nisan
October - ekim
May - mayıs
November - kasım
June - haziran
December - aralık
Names of the Months (and Days of the Week) are usually written without a capital letter in Turkish - Thanks to Emiel V. - 17 Nov. 2009 The Weekday Names Sunday - pazar - (Lit: market) Monday - pazartesi - (Lit: after Sunday) Tuesday - salı - (undefined) Wednesday - çarşamba - (Lit: 4 days after Sabbath - from Persian) Thursday - perşembe - (Lit: 5 days after Sabbath - from Persian) Friday - cuma - (Lit: reunion - related to Persian/Arabic) Saturday - cumartesi - (Lit: after Friday) A Turkish Idiom Bu iş, çarşamba pazar gibi - This job is a complete mess up.. - [lit: This job is like a Wednesday Market.] The Seasons of the Year
Yıl Mevsimi
ilkbahar - [also bahar is sometimes used] spring yaz
summer
sonbahar - (also - güz)
autumn or fall (American usage)
kış
winter
When saying "in the summer" Turkish says yazin or "in the winter" then the word kışın is used. This ending -in is an old Instrumental Case which is no longer used much in day to day speaking other than these examples. For "in the spring" and "in the autumn", the Static Condition (Locative) Suffix is used - sonbaharda and ilkbaharda. Very often the simple word bahar can supplant either ilkbahar or sonbahar - it depends on the choice of the speaker.. The Cardinal Points
Dört Yön
Kuzey
North
Güney
South
Doğu
East
Bati
West
About the Weather - A Weather Vocabulary berbat - awful
fırtına - storm
soğuk - cold
güneş - sun (n.)
sıcak - hot
güneşli - sunny (adj.)
güzel - good, nice
hava sıcaklığı - temperature
harika - marvellous
sıcaklık - heat
yağmur - rain (noun.)
derece - degree(s)
yağmur yağmak - rain (verb.)
şemsiye - umbrella
yağmurlu, yağışlı - rainy (adj.)
ılık - warm
kar - snow (n.)
hava - weather
kar yağmak - snow (v.)
hava tahmini - weather forecast
kar yağışlı, karlı - snowy (adj.)
hava durumu - weather condition
dolu - hail
rüzgar - wind (n.)
hafif - light
yel - wind
sert - heavy
poyraz - breeze
durmak - stop (v.)
rüzgar esmek - to blow wind (v.)
yıldırım - lightning (n.)
rüzgarlı - windy (adj.)
Some daily expressions about the weather Ne güzel bir gün! - What a lovely day! Hava yarın nasıl olacak? - What will the weather be like tomorrow? Yine güneşli, fakat biraz rüzgarlı. - It's sunny again, but a little windy. Kaç derece? - What is the temperature? Hava çok sıcak. . - The weather is very hot. Neredeyse 31 derece. - Nearly 31°C (degree Celsius). Erzurumda kar yağacağını düşünüyor musun? - Do you think it will snow in Erzurum? Sanmıyorum. Kar için erken. - I don't think so. It is early to snow. Fırtına olacağını düşünüyor musun? - Do you think there will be a storm? Sanmıyorum. - I don't think so. Ama Ağrı'da kar yağıyor. - But it is snowing in Ağrı. Orada kar yağışı ne zaman durur? - When will it stop snowing up there? Yakında durur. - It will stop soon. Yağmur mu başlayacak? - Will it start to rain? Evet, birazdan yağmur başlayacak gibi. - Yes, looks like rain soon. Şemsiyeye ihtiyacım olur mu? - Do I need an umbrella? Sana şemsiyeni yanına almanı öneririm. - I suggest you to get your umbrella with you. Ne berbat hava! Saat başı değişiyor. - What an awful weather! It changes hourly. Yağmur mu yağıyor? - Is it raining? Evet, yağıyor. - Yes, it is (raining). Cardinal Numbers - one,two Cardina l Number s 0 - 49 sıfır 0
on 10
yirmi 20
otuz 30
kırk 40
bir 1
on bir 11
yirmi bir 21
otuz bir 31
kırk bir 41
iki 2
on iki 12
yirmi iki 22
otuz iki 32
kırk iki 42
üç 3
on uç 13
yirmi uç 23
otuz uç 33
kırk uç 43
dört 4
on dört 14
yirmi dört 24
otuz dört 34
kırk dört 44
beş 5
on beş 15
yirmi beş 25
otuz beş 35
kırk beş 45
altı 6
on altı 16
yirmi altı 26
otuz altı 36
kırk altı 46
yedi 7
on yedi 17
yirmi yedi 27
otuz yedi 37
kırk yedi 47
yirmi sekiz 28
otuz sekiz 38
kırk sekiz 48
otuz dokuz 39
kırk dokuz 49
sekiz 8 on sekiz 18
dokuz 9 on dokuz 19 yirmi dokuz 29
FPRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=speaker icon" to 10 - (Listen to mp3)
Cardinal Numbers 1
Cardinal Numbers 50 - 99 elli 50
altmış 60
yetmiş 70
seksen 80
elli bir 51
altmış bir 61
yetmiş bir 71 seksen bir 81 doksan bir 91
elli iki 52
altmış iki 62
yetmiş iki 72
seksen iki 82
doksan iki 92
elli uç 53
altmış uç 63
yetmiş uç 73
seksen uç 83
doksan uç 93
elli dört 54 altmış dört 64 yetmiş dört 74 seksen dört 84
doksan 90
doksan dört 94
elli beş 55
altmış beş 65 yetmiş beş 75 seksen beş 85 doksan beş 95
elli altı 56
altmış altı 66 yetmiş altı 76 seksen altı 86 doksan altı 96
elli yedi 57 altmış yedi 67 yetmiş yedi 77 seksen yedi 87 doksan yedi 97 elli sekiz 58 altmış sekiz 68
yetmiş sekiz 78
seksen sekiz 88
doksan sekiz 98
elli dokuz 59 altmış dokuz yetmiş dokuz seksen dokuz doksan dokuz
69
79
89
99
Cardinal Numbers 100 - 1,000,000 yüz 100
iki bin 2000
oniki bin 12000
yirmi iki bin 22000
iki yüz 200
uç bin 3000
onuç bin 13000
yirmi uç bin 23000
uç yüz 300
dört bin 4000
ondört bin 14000
yirmi dört bin 24000
dört yüz 400 beş bin 5000
onbeş bin 15000
yirm beş bin 25000
beş yüz 500
altı bin 6000
onaltı bin 16000
yirmi altı bin 26000
altı yüz 600
yedi bin 7000
onyedi bin 17000
yirmi yedi bin 27000
yedi yüz 700 sekiz bin 8000 onsekiz bin 18000
yirmi sekiz bin 28000
sekiz yüz 800 dokuz bin 9000 ondokuz bin 19000 otuz bin 30000 dokuz yüz 900
on bın 10000
bin 1000
onbir bin 11000 yirmi bir bin 21000 bir milyon 1000000
yirmi bim 20000
elli bin 50000
Some Notes on Numbers * yüz (yüz also means - face or reason) * Cardinal numbers are followed by singular nouns. iki ev - two houses, beş yüz araba - five-hundred cars, kırk ağaç - forty trees * beş yüz yirmi üç bin yedi yüz elli sekiz - 523,758 - Which may also be written in official papers and banks without any spaces - as: beşyüzyirmiüçbinyediyüzellisekiz - 523,758 * When we in English stste a small general numerical amount we will say (for instance) - "Two or three eggs". However Turkish will say - üç bes yurmurta - three or five eggs
* In Turkish the number kırk - forty is used to signify an uncountable amount.- kırk yılda bir - once in forty years - is equivalent to - "Once in a blue moon" in English. Ordinal Numbers - "first" Ordinal Numbers birinci - also - ilk - first ; 1st
yirmi üçüncü twenty-third ; 23rd
ikinci second ; 2nd
otuz dördüncü thirty-fourth ; 34th
üçüncü third ; 3rd
elli beşinci fifty-fifth ; 55th
dördüncü fourth ; 4th
kırk altıncı forty-sixth ; 46th
beşinci fifth ; 5th
altmış yedinci sixty-seventh ; 67th
altıncı sixth ; 6th
on sekizinci eighteenth ; 18th
yedinci seventh ; 7th
doksan dokuzuncu ninety-ninth ; 99th
sekizinci eighth ; 8th
yüzüncü hundredth ; 100th
dokuzuncu ninth ; 9th
bininci thousandth ; 1000th
onuncu tenth ; 10th
sıfır zero ; 0
Fractions and percentage yarım (noun) - half yarım elma - a half an apple yarı (adj.) - half yarı elma - a half apple elmanın yarısı - the apple half buçuk - half - [an hour, a kilo, a serving] çeyrek - quarter of - [an hour, a kilo, a serving] bir - one, #1 - [And is also the indefinite article - a or an] üçte iki [üç-te iki] - two-thirds - [lit:two in-three] yüzde yirmibeş - twenty-five percent - [Lit: 25 in a hundred] Distributive Numbers - "One each, two each, three each.." Distributive Numbers
yarımşar
half each
birer
one each
ikişer
two each
üçer
three each
dörder
four each
beşer
five each
altışar
six each
yedişer
seven each
sekizer
eight each
dokuzar
nine each
onar
ten each
on birer
eleven each
yirmişer
twenty each
yirmi beşer
twenty-five each
otuzar
thirty each
kırkar
forty each
ellişer
fifty each
yüzer
a hundred each
ikişer yüz - (NOT iki yüzer)
two hundred each
biner
a thousand each
ikişer bin - (NOT iki biner)
two thousand each
birer milyon- (NOT milyonar NOR bir milyonar)
a million each
Kızlara ikişer elma verin
Give the girls two apple each.
Türk Renkleri - Turkish Colours The Farsi Word - siyah - black - is mainly used for siyah zeytin - black olives, otherwise the word - kara - black - is used for the colour "black". The word - kara - also has another meaning - land, shore, as in: karayolları - land roads (network), main roads, karakuvetleri - land forces, kara suları - territorial waters The Old Turkish Words for - Red - Al and - White - Ak are mostly used in place names and family names. Alsancak - Red Banner (an area of İzmir) - Akhisar - Whitefort, Bay Alkan - Mr. Redblood. Otherwise the words - beyaz, kirmizi - are used Words in italics are the intensified form of the colour. Siyah (Farsi.) Simsiyah Black - Pitch Black Kara - Kapkara Black - Pitch Black Beyaz - Bembeyaz White - Snow White Kırmızı - Kıpkırmızı Red Bright Red Mavi - Masmavi Blue - Bright Blue Turuncu Orange Yeşil - Yemyeşil Green - Bright Green Mor - Mosmor Purple - Deep Purple Pembe - Pespembe Pink - Shocking Pink Kahverengi Brown (Lit: coffee coloured) Sarı - Sapsarı Yellow - Bright Yellow Gri Grey Renk/Rengi Color Açık Renkli Light Coloured Açık yeşil Light green Koyu Renkli Dark Coloured Koyu gri Dark grey Turkuaz Turquiose Lacivert Navy Blue Gümüş Renkli Silver Coloured Eflatun Lilac Macenta Magenta Bej Beige Bordo Claret Altın Renkli Gold Coloured Ak (Old Turkish.) White Al (Old Turkish.) Red
Turkish Language - How to say - "Thanks.." Here we point out the difference in usage of - teşekkür ederim - thank you.. - and the more sincere - sağ olun - stay healthy.. What are the services being rendered to us..? (1) sağ olun - be healthy, be strong - is used as - thank you.. - for a service which:
(A) Was not necessarily needed to be performed.. (B) for someone who has gone out of his way to help you... (2) While - teşekkür ederim - thank you.. - [Lit: a thanking perform I from Arabic] - is used: In normal circumstances and receiving presents. Scenario (1) The waiter puts a nice meal in front of you. Your - thank you - is teşekkür ederim - it is his job... The waiter puts a bottle of wine in front of you. Your - thank you - is teşekkür ederim - it is his job... Then the waiter uncorks the bottle of wine and pours it in your glass. Your - thank you - is - sağ olun - he need not have performed this service. The recipient of your gratitude will often answer your - sağ olun - with the rejoinder - siz de sağ olun - health to you (too).. - [the Polite Version said to to stranger]. Other forms are - sen de sağ ol - or quite short - siz de - or - sen de you too.. Scenario (2) You ask someone the time. He looks at his watch and says - Half past three. Your answer is - sağ olun - [You have caused him to perform a service to you] Scenario (3) You drop your handkerchief - a stranger picks it up and hand it to you. Your answer is - sağ olun - [He need not have done it..] Scenario (4) Here is a comment one of our readers has made about Manisa Turkish. He has used sağ olun correctly. Thanking us for providing something unasked... •
Very nice website... ...Very descriptive and helpful .. Manisa Turkish has helped me in communicating with my Turkish friends. I just wanted to give
you a very big sağ olun for producing such a useful website...! Dan R. - March 2008 See all accolades for the Manisa Turkish website Our accolades Many tourists use - sağ olun - wrongly instead of using teşekkür ederim - as they copy the boy waiter's way of thanking - as the waiters often use - sağ olun - for misguided effect. The rule is, if in doubt then use - teşekkür ederim... How to answer a "thank you.." The answer to teşekkür ederim... is - bir şey değil - It is not a thing or - rica ederim - I request..! - [same as "bitte schön" in German] Also used is - ne demek? - what does it mean?. This expression - ne demek? - sounds quite comical in English. But it actually means something like: - It doesn't matter at all.. The answer - Rica ederim - is the politest one. The recipient of your gratitude will often answer your - sağ olun - with the rejoinder - sana sağ olun - health to you (too).. Other Versions are: sağ ol - familiar sağ olunuz - public and plural A simple - teşekkürler.. also means a very informal - thanks.. and is used in shops and for small duties performed. A little "caveat" - or - "take care.." Many people when first learning Turkish are tempted to use the Present Continuous Tense form - teşekkür ediyorum... - we would advise you that this form sounds quite comical to the Turkish ear and can also be construed as being sarcastic, so one should always use the Present Simple form - teşekkür ederim... - and you will not go wrong or be misunderstood.
Expressing need The usual verbs used to say - Do you like something..? I like something.. I don't like something.. are as follows:
Positive sevmek
Negative to love, to like
sevmemek
not to love, not to like
beğenmek to like
beğenmemek not to like
rica etmek to request
rica etmemek to not request
The word - rica - is of Arabic Origin and the pronunciation of the last letter -A is very open - pronounced ricAAA ederim - being Arabic, this word does not follow Turkish Pronunciation Rules. Listen to the long "aaa.." in FPRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=Speaker Icon"
Rica ederim
When a Turkish person asks if you like something, they normally ask in the Past Tense - Did you like the apple? - These type of questions are also answered in the Past Tense - Yes I liked the apple? We can see from the examples below that Turkish usually uses the Past Tense in its questions and answers of Preferences. It is different in English as we use both Present and Past Tenses in these situations. Asking Formally - with the -iniz form for the polite - you Yemeğinizi sevdiniz mi? - Did/Do you like your meal? Yemeğinizi beğendiniz mi? - Did/Do you like your meal? Yemeği sevdim. - I like/liked the meal. Yemeği beğendim - I like/liked the meal. Or the familiar form using the -in less formal form for - you Türkiye'yi sevdin mi? or Türkiye'yi beğendin mi? - Did you like Turkey? Yolculuğu sevdin mi? - Did you enjoy the journey? Or you may not have liked it! Türkiye'yi sevdiniz mi? - Do/Did you like Turkey? Türkiye'yi beğendiniz mi? - Do/Did you like Turkey? Şunu sevmedim. - I don't like/ didn't like that. Şunu beğemedim - I don't like/ didn't like that. This shows the use of şunu - that one - in its disparaging meaning.
A little "Formula Speak" - one might say... seni seviyorum! [Lit: I am loving you!] - I love you..! Turkish uses the Continuous Tense to say - I love you.. as it is more vivid than the Simple Tense which we use in English. How to say that you do not like something.. We have learned how to say that - we like something .. using the verbs sevmek - and - beğenmek.. To say that - we do not like something.. we must use the negative verbs - sevmemek - and beğenmemek. Some Examples of the Negative Yolculuğunuzu sevdiniz mi? - Did you like your journey? Hayır, yolculuğumu sevmedim - No, I didn't like my journey. Hayır, onu beğenmedim - No, I didn't like it. Bamyayı sevmiyor musunuz? - Don't you like okra? Yoo, bamyayı sevmem - No, I don't like okra (at all). Ankara,yı beğendiniz mi? - Did you like Ankara? Ankara'yı beğenmedim. - No, I didn't like Ankara. Using the Present Continuous Tense in Turkish in this situation conveys vividness. Evet, onu çok seviyorum.. - Yes, I like it a lot.. Yoo, onu sevmiyorum. - No, I am not liking it (at the moment). - Note the use - of - Yoo.. for No... This is a polite conversational way of saying No... It actually comes from - yok - There isn't.. - but it is gentler than - hayır - the real No! which conveys a real negative feeling - and is used a lot in conversation. Some other ways of Expressing Need istemek - to want - Note: This word is a verb. Need can be expressed with various verbs - the main one being istemek - to want.. This can be answered with the verb rica etmek - to (would) like ... to request .. - very much like the - "bitte schön" - of German. İstediğiniz bir şey var mı? - Is there anything that you want? Bir havlu rica ederim - I would like (I request) a towel
ihtiyaç - necessity/need/requirement - Note: this word is a noun. Another word which is used quite often is - ihtiyaç necessity/need/requirement Bir ihtiyaçınız var mı? - Is there anything that you require? - [lit: Have you a requirement?] Evet, bir bardak su, rica ederim. - Yes, I would like (I request) a glass of water arzu - wish, desire - Note: this word is also a noun. Also there is the use of the noun - arzu - wish, desire Başka arzunuz var mı? - Is there any thing else (that you desire)? This word is often used by shop keepers - grocers and the like Anything else madam...? - when daily purchases are being made. A note about the very important word - "Hoş - agreeable, joyful" This word is used in many idioms and daily speech, and has many related meanings. Hoş - joy - is used with the auxiliary verb - gitmek to go: Hoşuma gitti - [Hoş-um-a] - I enjoyed it - [lit: It went to my joy..] - this formula is used a lot in daily Turkish conversation. Some of the many meanin gs of hoş hoş
agreeable
hoş
amiable
hoş
amusing
hoş
bonny
hoş
charming
hoş
congenial
hoş
cosy
hoş
cozy
hoş
cuddly
hoş
darling
hoş
debonair
hoş
delicious
hoş
enchanting
hoş
engaging
hoş
entertaining
hoş
fine
hoş
genial
hoş
good
hoş
graceful
hoş
grateful
hoş
tolerant
hoş
pleasant
hoş
nice
hoş
quaint
hoş used with bir - strange, odd, peculiar O şarkıyı duyunca Durmuş'un yüzü bir hoş oldu. - When he heard that song Durmuş got an odd look on his face. Midem bir hoş. - My stomach feels funny. Sami'nin söylediklerine hiç aldırma, kafası bir hoştur. - Don't pay any attention to what Sami says, his head has gone. even if.. - Hoş, param da olsa almazdım. - Even if I had the money I wouldn´t buy it. anyway, anyhow.. - Hoş, bunu biliyordum. - I knew this anyway. Hoş bulduk! [lit: we found goodness] - Thank you! (said in reply to a welcoming greeting). Hoş geçinmek /la/ - to get on well (with). Mehmet'le hoş geçiniyoruz. - We are getting on on well with Mehmet. Hoş geldiniz! - Welcome! (said to an arriving guest). Hoşa gitmek - to be pleasing Hoşuma gitti - I enjoyed it. [Hoş-um-a] John'un hoşuna gitmiş [hoş-u-n-a ] - It seems that John enjoyed it. Hoşuna gitmek /ın/ - to please Mehmet'in hoşuna gitti. [hoş-u-n-a ] - Mehmet enjoyed it. John'un hoşuna gitmiş [hoş-u-n-a ] - It seem that John enjoyed it. Hoş görmek /ı/ - to be tolerant of, overlook, condone Polis, onu hoş gördü. - The policeman tolerated it. Bu çıkan problemi hoş gördük. - We tolerated the problem that happened. Hoş karşılamak /ı/ - to assent to, give one's assent to Belediye, yeni ev planlarımı hoş karşılayacak. - The Town Corporation will give assent to my new house plans. Hoş tutmak /ı/ - to be nice to, make (someone) feel welcome Lütfen yeni gelen turistleri hoş tutunuz. - Please be nice to the newly
arrived tourists Very often you are adding suffixes to the important noun - hoş goodness, joy (basically) hoş = goodness hoş-um = my goodness hoş-um-a = to my goodness hoş-um-a gitti = I enjoyed it [It went to my goodness] - This is a Turkish idiom and much used in daily conversation. Turkish Language -Turkish Modes of Address "Who are you...?" The usual method of address when you do not know the person's name or title is as follows: - For males: Beyefendi - Sir - Daily pronunciation is truncated to: Beyfendi - For females: Hanımefendi - Miss or Madam - Daily pronunciation is truncated to: - Hanfendi - These are used in formal situations and to strangers. Personal Addressing - Formal and Informal As stated, the above are used in formal situations. Once names are known then bey and hanım are used after the first name, this usage is still formal and semi-formal. These titles follow the given-name (Christian name) and are written without a Capital Letter: Mustafa bey - Mr. Mustafa Ayşe hanım - Miss or Mrs. Ayşe These are used in formal situations when you know the person's first name but also in informal situations to acquaintances, friends and even to you own family members. Surnames are not usually used in Conversational Turkish, so the Mustafa bey can mean - Mr. Mustafa and Ayşe hanım can mean Mrs. OR Miss Ayşe (in a formal situation) or it can mean just a friendly Mustafa or Ayşe (without the title) between acquaintances.
All About Names Turkish has two words for the first name of a person - isim or ad - and they can both be used at any time as they are interchangeable. The Turkish word for surname is soyadı - there is no corresponding word for surname based in the word isim İsminiz ne? - What is your first name? İsmim Ayşe. - My name is Ayşe. isim - name - becomes - ism-iniz - your name and ism-im - my name. This is one of the nouns that "apocopate" (ie: loses an internal vowel) isim - name - is one of the nouns in Turkish which lose an internal vowel when adding a suffix which begins with a vowel itself. Click Me - to toggle the list of nouns which lose a vowel Basic Noun
Direct Object Form
Basic Meaning
Aciz
Aczi - (NOT - acizi)
Impotence
Ağız
Ağzı
Mouth
Ahit
Ahdi
Injunction
Akıl
Aklı
Intelligence
Akıt
Aktı
Treaty
Akis
Aksi
Reflection
Alın
Alnı
Forehead
Asıl
Aslı
Origin
Asır
Asrı
Century
Azim
Azmi
Determination
Bağır
Bağrı
Bosom
Beyin
Beyni
Brain
Boyun
Boynu
Neck
Burun
Burnu
Nose
Cisim
Cismi
Substance, matter, object
Cürüm
Cürmü
Crime
Defin
Defni
Burial
Devir
Devri
Period
Ecir
Ecri
Reward/Wage
Emir
Emri
Order ; Command
Fasil
Fasli
Part, chapter
Fetih
Fethi
Conquest
Fikir
Fikri
Idea
Filim
Filmi
Film(Cinema)
Geniz
Genzi
Nostril
Göğüs
Göğsü
Breast
Gönül
Gönlü
Heart/Desire
Hacım
Hacmı
Volume
Haciz
Haczi
Distraint, confiscation,
- Haciz
- Haczi
- seizure
Hapis
Hapsi
Prison
Hasim
Hasmi
Enemy, foe, rival
Hazım
Hazmı
Digestion
Hışım
Hışmı
Rage/Anger
Hilkât Hilkti Hilkât garibesi Idiomatic use
(a) creation monstrosity, freak
Hüzün
Grief
Hüznü
İlim
İlmi
Science
İsim
İsmi
Name
İzin
İzni
Leave/Time off
Kadir
Kadri
Worth/Value
Kahır
Kahrı
Anxiety
Karın
Karnı
Stomach
Kasıt
Kastı
Intention, purpose,
- Kasıt
- Kastı
- deliberateness
Kayın
Kaynı
Brother-in-law
Kayıp
Kaybı
Loss
Kesir
Kesri
Fraction (in maths)
Keşif
Keşfi
Discovery
Keyif
Keyfi
Pleasure
Kısım
Kısmı
Part (of)
Metin
Metni
Text
Nabız
Nabzı
Pulse
Nakil
Nakli
Transport
Nakit
Nakdi
Cash
Nazım
Nazmı
Verse, poetry
Nefis
Nefsi
Self, personality
Nesir
Nesri
Prose
Neşir
Neşri
Publication, edition
- Neşir
- Neşri
- broadcasting
Nutuk
Nutku
Speech, oration
Oğul
Oğlu
Son
Resim
Resmi
Picture
Sabır
Sabrı
Patience
Satıh
Sathı
Superficie, plane
Seyir
Seyri
Motion
Sıkıt
Sıktı
Miscarriage
Şekil
Şekli
Form/Shape
Şükür
Şükrü
Gratitude
Tavır
Tavrı
Mode/Manner
Ufuk
Ufku
Horizon
Usul
Uslü
Mode/Manner
Vakit
Vakti
Time, occasion
Vasıf
Vasfı
Characteristic, qualification
- Vasıf
- Vasfı
- quality
Zehir
Zehri
Poison
Zihin
Zihni
Intellect
Zulüm
Zulmü
Tyranny, cruelty
Adınız ne? - What is your first name? Adım Ali - My name is Ali. Soyadınız ne? - What is your surname? Soyadım Karaca - My surname is Karaca. Finding out about a Third Person The third person suffix is -i or -ı meaning - his, her, its Onun ismi ne? - What is his name?
Onun ismi Mehmet - His name is Mehmet. Onun adı ne? - What is her name? Onun adı Deren - Her name is Deren. Onun soyadı ne? - What is his surname? Onun soyadı Gürses - His surname is Gürses. If we are talking about a third person remote from us we may ask the question: What is that man's name?. In this case we must translate the words "man's name" correctly by using the Possessive Relationship to show that the two words belong to each other. adamın ismi - the man's name - [Lit: the name of the man..] adamın adı - the man's name adamın soyadı - the man's surname O Beyefendinin soyadı ne? - What is that gentleman's surname? [Lit: the surname of the man..] O Beyefendinin ismi ne? - What is that gentleman's name? If we want to make the sentence more conversational we would normally say : I wonder what that lady's name is?. I wonder.... is simply translated by adding the word - acaba - at the beginning or end of the Turkish question. O Hanımefendinin adı ne, acaba? - I wonder what that lady's name is? Acaba, Mehmed'in soyadı ne? - I wonder what Mehmet's surname is? Kız kardeşinizin ismi ne, acaba? - What is your sister's name, I wonder? Addressing Letters and Envelopes There is an increasing use of addressing people by their surname especially used on television in interviews etc. This method uses the word - Sayın - esteemed - before the surname directly. If the interviewee's name is Musafa Kurt, then he may be addressed as Mustafa bey - (formal and informal) or directly by his surname as Sayın Kurt - Esteemed Kurt - (formal and public) or Bay Kurt - Mr. Kurt - (polite and official). Bay - Mr. - and - Sayın Esteemed - are usually spelt with capital letters, but they can be found without capital letters.
Addressing Envelopes Letter Addressed in Turkish Sayın Mustafa Kurt Çekmece Mah. Uzunyol Sok. Nolu:24 D:6 Bağarası Köyü 02332 İZMİR - TÜRKİYE
Analysis of this Address Esteemed Mustafa Kurt Çekmece District Uzunyol Street No.24 Apt No. 6 Bağarası Village Post Code. Postal County. Country
Some Abbreviations used in addresses Sok. (Sokak) - Street Cad. (Cadde or Caddesi) - Road Bul. (Bulvar or Bulvarı) - Avenue Yol. (Yol) - Way, Route Mah. (Mahalle or Mahallesi) - Local District
D. (Daire) - Apartment, Suite Apt. (Apartman) - Apartment K. (Kat) - Floor No. (Numara) - Number Nolu. (Numarala) - Numbered
Greetings In semi formal situations there is a four stage greeting procedure: The Welcome: - hoş geldiniz or less formal hoş geldin - Welcome!. - This is answered by hoş bulduk - We found it well! The Greeting: - This is an exchange of merhaba - Hello The Asking after Health Stage: - nasılsınız? (formal) or nasılsın? (informal) - How are you? The Response: - This is is answered by ıyiyim, teşekkür ederim I am well, thank you. This then followed by a question about the other's health: siz nasılsınız? - You, how are you? günaydın - good morning, good day, good afternoon iyi günler - good day iyi akşamlar - good evening - (said in arrival..) iyi geceler - good night - (said on leaving company..)
görüşmek üzere - see you soon hoşça kal - so long - [Lit: stay joyful] Note that the plural is used in - "Good day, Good evening, Good night" - similar to the Spanish - "Buenos Días" Listen to: FPRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=Speaker Icon" kal.. - Saying - "Cheerio.. Goodbye.."
Hosça
Some Daily Informal Greetings For an informal greeting like - Hi! - in English Turkish uses - Selam..! - to which the answer is the same - selam..! Also one can use - What's up..? - Na'ber..? Na'ber..? - is commonly used in everyday language. It is actually - Ne haber..? - What news..? [Lit: - It's good. ..and from you.?]. The answer is generally - iyidir, senden..? Another informal greeting is - ne var? ne yok..? - What is happening..? [Lit: What is there..(going on..?) What isn't there.. (going on..?)] - The answer to this one is - iyilik..! - Goodness..! Wellness..! A Long Goodbye.. There is a "Formula Speak" that is used quite lot and is very common for saying your "Goodbyes". This is often used when leaving company or on going away to somewhere. The person(s) who are leaving will say - Allaha ısmalardık..! - goodbye..! - [a quasi religious-type formula]. The answer said by those staying behind is - güle güle..! - Cheerio..! [Lit: Go with a smile!]. If you use this formula after visiting your Turkish friends they will be suitably impressed.. The Muslim Peace Greeting selâmünaleyküm, (a Muslim peace greeting), answered by aleykümselâm This greeting is mainly used between passing strangers - normally both male - during travel or on entry to a crowded room, such as a tea house, when one cannot address everybody personally.
Turkish Language - How to say - Too much.. Too many.. The translation of - too.., too much.. is a common difficulty for the student of Turkish. The dictionary equivalent is - fazla - in excess or lüzumdan fazla - in excess of its necessity. (1) Too .. meaning - "very..." However in daily conversational Turkish - çok - very - is used to convey the meaning too much.., too many... - In such a sentence as - I didn't buy it, it was too expensive. - the "too" - should simply be translated by çok - very. - Onu almadım, çok pahalıydı - I didn't buy it, it was too expensive. (2) Too .. meaning - "overly.., excessively.." fazla - in excess - should be used where the context does not make sense by using çok - very - Baban, seninle fazla sabırlıdır - Your father is too patient with you. (3) Too.. as "ability to.." or "inability to.." For the type of sentence - He was too tired to undress (himself) - where neither çok - very or fazla - in excess - is not suitable - Turkish uses a special comparative type construction. - Soyunamıyacak kadar yorgundu - [Lit: He was tired the amount pertaining-to-his-future inability-to-undress.] - He was too tired to get undressed. This third form is explained in detail below.. Verb Forms - Basic Infinitive - -mek/-mak soymak - to undress somebody else Reflexive Infinitive soyunmak - to undress oneself Negative Reflexive Infinitive soyunmamak - not to undress oneself Negative Potential Reflexive Infinitive soyunamamak - not to be able to undress oneself Future Relative Reflexive Participle - -ecek/-acak soyunacak - a future undressing of oneself
Negative Future Relative Reflexive Participle soyunmayacak - a future not undressing oneself Negative Future Potential Relative Reflexive Participle soyunamayacak - a future not being able to undress oneself A further example of this type The verb is basically gitmek - to go - which in this sentence takes the form of the Negative Potential - gidememek - not to be able to go Sinemaya gidemeyecek kadar meşgulum - I am too busy to go to the cinema The construction for - too.. - therefore is - Future Potential Relative Participle + kadar + comparison verb + person Ayşe, bu yıl tatil yapamayacak o kadar hastaydı Ayşe, this year her-future-inability-to-make-a- holiday that-amount ill she was - Ayşe was too ill to go on holiday this year. Araba güzel zaman içinde duramayacak kadar çabuk sürüyordu The car in-good-time its-future-inability-to-stop that-amount quickly was-going - The car was going too fast to be able to stop in time.
